accepto ab ipsius manu regno fidelitate hominio ei obligabatur Ita coronâ Regni per manum Principis sibi impositâ in die sancto Pentecostes ipse coronatus gladium Regis sub corona incedentis portauâ—t Hee means by this Peter Sueno IV. King of Danemark for he was known by both those names twixt whom and his cozen Cnuto was great controuersie for the Kingdom determined thus by the Emperor at Martinesburg in Saxonie The mention of the like made in Otto de S. Blasio must be vnderstood of Waldemar I. who receiued both this and Swethland of the Emperor at Bisonçe And King Harold before that when d Helmold bist Slauor 1. cap. 9. the Danish Nation was first Christned receiued it of Otho the great Now it acknowledges no superior But so many as haue or do as feudataries to other Princes are excluded out of their ranke which before are indifferently titled Kings or Emperors The K. of Bohemia when it was in another hand from the Empire although he were crownd and annointed yet being in a manner the Emperors e Aur. Bull. Caroli 4. cap. 8. Subiect wanted perfit Supremacie for it as also they of Sicily when they had inuestiture from the Pope they of Cyprus being anciently as Tenants yet crowned to f Arnold Lubecens Chron. Slau lib. 5. cap. 2 both Empires and such like euen as much almost as that Perseus who when L. Aemilius Paulus had spoiled him of his Kingdom of Macedon and compelled to flight yet was so ambitious of his former title that he made the inscription of his letters to Aemilius thus g Liu. Decad. 5. lib. 5. Rex Perseus Consuli Paulo S. it being at that time vnder Aemilius and the State of Romes arbitrement whether euer he should be King again or no. Wherefore Aemilius would not so much as giue answer to his Messengers vntill they had brought him letters inscribed with a meaner title As on the other side when Edward III. besieged Tournay and sent letters of chalenge to a single combat to the then pretended French K. he would not call him King but only Philip of Valois whereupon hee had this answer h Ex ms vet sed Latinè literas habet Th. Walsing sub ann 1340. Philip per la grace de Dieu Roy de France a Edward Roy D'Engleterre Nous auons vous letres apportes a nostre Court enuoyetz de par vous au Philip de Valois en quels letters estoient contenuz ascun requestes que vous fezistes au dit Philip de Valois Et pur ceo que les dits letters ne veignant pas a nous que les dits requestes ne estâ—yent pas faits a nous come appiert clerement per le tenure des letters nous ne vous en fesons nul response You know that i Martial Epig. 18. lib. 2. vpon Maximus Esse sat est Seruum iam nolo Vicarius esse Qui Rex est Regem Maxime non habeat Therefore did Francis the first of France much dislike that Charles the v. should k Bodin de Repub 1. cap. 9. call himself King of Naples and Sicily enioying them as the Popes Vassal or Tenant And when PP Pius IV. would haue made Cosmo de Medici Duke of Florence of the same State King the neighbour Princes endured it not and the Emperor Maximilian II. answered directly to the French Kings Embassador about it Non habet Italia Regem nisi Caesarem And in that Heptarchie of our Saxons vsually six of the Kings were but as subiects to the supreme whom they called Anglorum l Ethelwerd l. 3 c. 2. Beda hist. eccles 2. cap. 5. Circa DCCC XX Rex Primus or such like which was as well giuen to others the first that had it being Aella King of Sussex as to that Egbert whose glorie and greatnes consisted rather in the swallowing vp of the other subiect Kingdoms into his own Rule and in the new naming of the Heptarchie England in one word for hee in Parliamento saith my m Ex Instrum lib. Hospital S. Leonardi Eborms Idem ferè in Alred Rhtuallensis Vitâ S Edwardi Verùm ab Anglorum aduentu ita dictam scribit 10. Sâ—risburiensis Policratic 6. cap. 16. alij ab Hengisto vt Hector Boet. Scot. hist. 7. 10. Gower Epig. in Confess Amantis Hardingâ—s autor apud Wintoniam mutauit nomen Regni de consensu populi sui iussit illud de caetero vocari Angliam then in beeing of larger Dominion then any was before him Those inferior Kings are like in some proportion to those of Man who haue had it alwayes by a tenure from their soueraigns the Kings of England especially euer since Henrie IV. possessing it by the forfeiture of the Lord Scrop inuested Henry Percy Earle of Northumberland in it in fee simple to hold it per seruitium portandi diebus Coronationis nostrae as the Patent n Pat. 1. Hen. 4. Rot. 2. Th. Walsingbam speaks haeredum nostrorum ad sinistrum humerum nostrum sinistros humeros haeredum nostrorum per seipsum aut sufficientem honorificum deputatum suum illum Gladium nudum quo cincti eramus quando in parte de Holdernesse applicuinus vocatum I ancaster Sword It hath been since by Escheat in the Crown and was bestowed on the noble Family of the Stanley's by the same K. Henrie and in their o Camdenus Posteritie being Earles of Derby it continues So was Henrie of Beuchamp Earle of Warwick by Henry VI. crowned K. of the Isle of Wight and in him also that title ended But all these are litle otherwise Kings then Dukes or Earles are They bear the name but not the true marks of Royall maiestie rather to be stiled Reguli then Reges being subiects in respect of those whose Maiesties they were bound to obserue and obey For me thinks it looks like false Latine where our Henry II. grants Roderico p Transactio inter Hen. 1â— Roderic apud Roger. de Houeden ligio homini suo Regi Conactae in Ireland that hee shall haue his territorie paying a certain tribute quamdiù ei fideliter seruiet vt sit Rex sub eo Paratus ad seruitium suum sicut homo suus Yet in grants q Claus. R. Ioh. 6. memb 18. 17. Ioh. Chart. memb 3. 6. Hen. 3. Chart. memb 2. in Arce Londinens made by K. Iohn and Henry III. to the Kings of Conaght and Tesmond the like title of Rex is which is obserued also by the learned S r Iohn Dauis Knight his Maiesties Attorny Generall for Ireland as also that in the Pipe Rolls of Hen. III. his time yet remaining in Bremighams Tower in the Castle of Dublin somtime Oneale Rex vpon accounts sometime Oneale Regulus occurs And when Reginald K. of Man had done his homage as a tenant to r Chronic. Mannae K. Iohn and likewise to Henry III.
calls Iupiter 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Neither is in a humane Monarchie what hath not in their Common-welth some most remarquable proportion if that curious searcher of Nature our g Arist. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 lib. 9 cap. 40. Philosopher deceiue not Hence as h Cyprian tract 4. de Idol van some mongst other arguments proue this aeternall vnitie in the true Deitie so those who first tried the inconueniencies of popular rule saw that in their gouernment likewise should be some One selected Monarch vnder whose arbitrarie rule their happie quiet might be preserued I know the vsuall assertion that makes the first of those three kindes of States a Monarchie Great Philosophers dare affirm so and Principio rerum saith Iustin gentium nationumque imperium pènes Reges erat quos ad fastigium huius maiestatis non ambitio popularis sed spectata inter bonos moderatio prouehebat But that cannot in my vnderstanding be conceiued as truth otherwise then with a presupposition of a Democracie out of which as is related a Monarchie might haue originall no more then can bee imagined how an Aristocracie should be before the Multitude out of which such as make in their lesse number the Optimacie must be chosen Aristotles Commenters Bodin Machiauel on Liuy diuers others disput 〈…〉 this point But out of Machiauel satisfaction may be easily receiued as is here deliuered And so must that be vnderstood of h In BoeoticeruÌ„ initio Pausanias * All Greece was anciently vnder Kings and no Democracies 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Not that the States were first Kingdomes but anciently so and not vnder popular gouernment as in later time they were Well I allow that a Family being in nature before a publique societie or common-welth was as an exemplary Monarchie and in that regard a Monarchie is ancienter then any State but as it is applied to a common societie of many families and to what we we now call a Kingdome it cannot but presuppose a popular State or Democracie The first Monarch of a Nation we read of is that Nimrod nephew to Cham the mightie hunter before the Lord. His Kingdome was in Babylon Erec Accad and Calna in the land of Sinaghr which is called vsually Senaar by which name also the Babylonian Monarchie was known For where i Gen. 14. com 1 Moses speaks of Amraphel K. of Sinaghr the Paraphrase of Onkelos hath expresly K. of Babel His time was about M. DCC XX. from the Creation Iosephus calls him Nabrodes and makes him first author of the building of that Tower of confusion of Tongues In profane storie you find not his name vnlesse with common error you make him Ninus in whom Trogus Ctesias and from him Diodore with other begin the Assyrian or Babylonian for to this purpose I admit them as the same and one Monarchie If likelyhood would well endure it in Storie it might not be hard to make Nimrod and Ninus one name Greater changes are in words of Orientall language exprest in European characters Their Iehezkel is Ezechiel Ruben Rubel Mosche Moses Nun Naue Esarhaddon Aâ—bazarith and in Arabique propagated from Ebrew our Hispalis is Siuill in Spaine To shew also how differently they expresse our Names in the liues of the foure Euangelists publisht by P. Kirstenius in Arabique Uespasian and Domitian are called Asubasianuusu and Damthianuusu and Nerua is Neirune Alshaghir that is according to them little Nero. Such like more occurre in ancient and later Storie very frequent in so much that scarce any communitie oftimes appeares as in Cyaxares and Assuerus or Achaswerush which name is Xerxes also and Oxyares But the first Babylonian Monarch is not called Ninus but Belus And his sonne is by consent of best authorities Ninus It follows then that Nimrod was father to Ninus Iustin indeed deliuers Primus omnium Ninux Rex Assyriorum veterem quasi auitum gentibus morem nouâ Imperij eupiditate mutauit But regard the testimonie of those which out of the more ancient authors haue transcribed their Chronologies as Iulius African Cedren and others and Ninus will appeare clearly the son of Nimrod that is of Belus the first of that State And although erroniously in Historians for the most part Ninus be the root of Chronologique calculation whereupon Iustin expressely affirmes that this first Monarchie remained in the same bloud k Constantinus Manasses hallucinatus hunc numerum à Belo auspicatur M. CCC yeares and then ended in Sardanapalus otherwise called Tonosconcoleros or Conosconcoleros and was by Arbaces then transferred to the Medes so that if you reckon back from the beginning of Arbaces Arbactus and Pharnaces he is also written that number of yeers you shall fall neer exactly vpon the beginning of Ninus according to some and that most curious Chronologie yet withall take the yeers of Belus his raigne being as some will LV. but as l August de Ciu. Dei lib. 16. cap. 17. 56. anni ad hanc rem sunt apud Glycam ex alijs antiquioribus Annal. part 2. others LXV which seems lest distant from truth and adde them to the M. CCC and then take the whole number out of the yeer of the world which was at Sardanapalus his death the residue wil fall neer the first yeer of the Chaldaean Epecha placed in the beginning of that Empire then which what can more properly designe out Nimrods beginning being about LXV before Ninus which is well enough confirmed also by that number of M. CCC LX. deliuered by m Diodor. Sicul Bibliothec. 3. vnde pro 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 lege apud Agathiem hist. 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vbi is de hac re Ctesias for the continuance of this Monarchie as also by n De Ciu. Dei lib. 12. cap. 10. S. Augustine Regnum saith he Assyriorum in Epistola Alexandri he meanes an o Cyprian de Idol van ipse Aug de Ciu. Dei 8. cap. 5. huius memirunt Epistle of Alexander to his mother Olympias quinque millia excedit annorum In Graeca vero historia mille fermè trecentos habent ab ipsius Beli principatu quem regem ille Aegyptius that was one from whom Alexander had his instruction in eiusdem regni ponit exordio By this supputation Nimrods Kingdom began some LXII yeares after the Floud that is M. DCC XVIII from the Creation Howsoeuer if Belus were he as is most probable and that Belus raigned LXV yeers onely which is the greatest account the common error of those which place Nimrod and Abraham together seems intollerable Witnesse holy Writ which affirmes that in Pelegs dayes the earth was diuided by dispersion of the people That diuision was immediatly after Babel built and by most likely coniecture the same yeer that Peleg was borne for Moses relating his name to be Peleg addes for in his daies the earth was diuided as if according to the Iewish custome hee had had his
Tollunt innumer as ad astra voces Saturnalia Principis sonantes Et dulci DOMINVM fauore clamant Hoc solum vetuit licere Caesar. which yet must bee either referd to meer flattery or dissimulation or els to the infancie of his Empire For by his expresse command the Titles of his Letters and such like were f Sipeton in Domit cap. 13. Dominus Deus noster sic fieri iubet After this Domitian the first that enduid the Title was Diocletian He se primus omnium Caligulam post saith Aurelius Victor Domitianúmque Dominum palam dici passus adorari se apellarique vti Deum That Apostata Iulian after his counterfeited fashion g In Misopogone prohibited it also But howsoeuer in publique salutations it might be so much auoided by both good and bad Princes before Diocletian it is certain the attribute was to diuers before him Festus Lieutenant of Iury in the point of S. Paules h Act. Apost 25. com 26. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 appeale calls Claudius absolutely Lord. Eudamon in his petition to Antonuius i Moetian ff ad leg Rhod. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Rogo Domine Imperator eidem ff de his quae in testam delentur l. 3. calls him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Lord Emperor and the Emperor in his answer stiles himself Lord of the World as is before obserued And in a golden k Adolph Occo pag. 537. Coin of the Great and Religious Constantine stampt with his picture sitting and his Cour-tgard about him this inscription is FELICITAS PERPETVA AVGEAT REM DOMIN NOSTR Whereby and the like our most iudicious l Camden Brit. Antiqnary obserud that hee first in Monies and Publique Titles was inscribed Dominus Noster In the X. of Coecilius his Epistles Traian is for the most part called Domine although his Panegyrique to him hath Principis sedem obtines ne sit Domino locus And Rerum Domini they were after called Mea Gallia Rerum Ignoratur adhuc Dominis saith one m Sidon Apollinar Panegyric ad Maioran liuing when the Western Empire was euen at the last gasp Neither these onely but Herus also was giuen them as the most learned Casaubori obserues on Sueton's Octauius For later times frequent testimonie occurres in the Imperiall story And the Greek Constitutions and other Monuments of the Constantinopolitan Emperors commonly giue them the name of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Lords for which in their later corrupted idiom you shall oft haue 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 somtimes n Quomodo ex isthoc corrupto vocabubulo errores apud Latinorum quosdam aeui Barbari irrepserunt videsis in Notis Theodori Douzae ad Georg. Logothetae Chronic. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The like is and hath been in euery Kingdom of our Europe as also in the Mahumedan state where they haue the name of Ameras Amir or Amera applied to their great Sultan which truely as that of Sultan doth may expresse Dominus or Lord deriu'd perhaps into their Arabique from the Caldee 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. a Lord whom that kind of excommunication o 1. ad Corinth 16. 22. Maranatha i. the Lord commeth otherwise to the same purpose call'd Semtha or Sematha as it were p Aliter alij Elias Thisb in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 v. Drus. Praeterit 4 ad D. Ich. cap. 9. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hath its origination But of Amers and Sultans more in their place As some of the Emperors refus'd this name either because it seemd a relatiue to seruus i. a bond slaue or in respect that it suppos'd if ill interpreted the subiect and his substance in the propertie of the Emperor for in a q Vlpian ff de S. C. Silaniane l. 1. §. 1. Lawyer of the Empire wee read Domini appellatione continetur qui habet Preprietatem etsi vsus fructus alienus fit Augustus that so much refused it could yet bee very well contented to be made a God while he yet liued So an old Iewish sect mou'd in point of conscience with error would by no mean's acknowledge it to any Earthly Prince affirming it was only proper to the Monarch of Heauen God himselfe The author of this sect was r Ioseph 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 18. cap. 2. Iudas of Galilee vnder Tiberius He and his followers so peruersly stood for this nominall part of libertie being in other points meer Pharisees that no Torments could extort their confession of this Honorary title to to the Emperor This Iudas is mentioned in the s Act. Apost cap. 5. com 37. New Testament Their Heresie thus generally is spoken of by diuers receiuing it from Iosephus But I t Consulas de hoc Iuda Cardinal Baronium Annal. Tom. 1. Casauben Exercit. 2. §. 19. cannot be easily perswaded that they meerly stood on the word Lord Dominus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Rab or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Adon which signifie to this purpose neere alike For what is more common in their and our text of the old Testament then the name of Adon or Lord giuen to farre meaner men then Princes Thus shall you say the words of u Iacob to my Lord 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Esau. And in their salutations and addrest speeches by both Testaments it appeares that Master Lord or Sir exprest in the words which wee haue remembred are familiar I ghesse they superstitiously did it rather out of that dreadfull respect which the Iewes alwaies had to the Tetragrammaton name of the Almightie that is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 now commonly exprest Iehouah which none euer durst openly nor any x Rabbi Moses in More Nebuch part 1. cap. 60. verum expendas Numer 6. com 23. seq might but the high Priest somtimes pronounce and that only in the feast of Reconciliations celebrated on the tenth of their month Tisri as it was instituted Leuitic XXIII com 27. and only in the Sanctuary in his Benediction And alwaies when it occur'd in reading they spake Adonai i. Lord for it vnlesse Adonai went before or followed it in the text and then they read it Elohim i. God and vpon this difference pointed it when they had their Points either with the Points of Adonai or Elohim It will so appeare in infinit examples where our idiom hath the Lord God the Latine Dominus Deus and the Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Whereupon with a respect only to the translations a most learned and ancient * Tertullian aduers Hermogen qui sanè Dominum appellari noluit Imperatorem nisi vt inquit ille more cōmuni Apologetic cap. 34. Father obserues Deus quidem quod erat semper Statim nominat In principio fecit Deus coelum terram Ac deinceps quandiu faciebat quorum Dominus futurus erat Deus solummodò ponit Et dixit Deus fecit Deus vidit Deus nusquam
which was afterward Edward I. vt maturiùs ad res gerendas grauiores experiens redderetur fit Walliae Princeps simúlque Aquitaniae ac Hyberniae praefectus Vnde natum vt deinceps vnusquisque Rex hoc secutus institutum Filium maiorem natu Walliae Principem facere consueuerit It is true that Wales with Gascoigne Ireland and some other Territories in England were giuen to this Prince Edward vppon his marriage with Elianor daughter to Alfonso King of Spain Yet the Principality of Wales was not in that gift so speciall to this purpose For after the other it comes in the Patent in these words only k Archiu 39. Hen. 3. Vnà cum conquestu nostro Walliae When this Edward was King he made his sonne Edward of Caernaruan Prince of Wales a more particular course in policie vsd about it is in som of our stories whither I referre you and by that name and Earle of Chester sommond him to Parliament But all these made nothing to inuest the Title perpetually in the Heirs apparant although some haue deliuerd otherwise For this Edward of Caernaruan afterward Edward II. sommond his eldest sonne Prince Edward by the name of Earle of Chester and Flint only But when this Prince was King Edward III. he in Parliament first creats his sonne the Black Prince Duke of Cornwall quod primogenitus filius Regis Angliae qui foret hereditabilis Regno Angliae foret Dux Cornubiae quod Ducatus Cornubiae foret semper extunc primogenitis filijs Regum Angliae qui foret proximus haeres predicto Regno and giues him diuers possessions annext to the Duchie l Pat. 11. Ed. 3. memb 1. chart 1 Tenendum eidem Duci ipsius haeredum suorum Regum Angliae Filijs primogenitis et dicti loci Ducibus Since when the eldest sonnes of our Soueraigns haue been by law accounted Dukes of Cornwall in the first instant of their birth Neither only the eldest in respect of absolut primogeniture but also the second or other after the death of the first or former on whom this Title was so cast as it was lately resolud vpon good and mature reason grounded by diuers autorities and presidents for the now most noble Prince Charles Not long after the same Black Prince was inuested in the Principality of Wales Tenendum sibi heredibus Regibus Angliae since when neither is the true beginning of this Title of any other time The heirs apparant haue been honord with PRINCE OF WALES some hauing been created in like forme others only calld so The last creation was in that most hopefull blossom vntimely cropt out of Britains Garden Prince Henry whose title also was often Prince of Great Britain In Scotland the eldest sonne heire is born PRINCE OF SCOTLAND Duke of Rothsay and Stewart of the Kingdom The title of Duke of Rothsay hath so been since m Circa câ—â— cccc Robert III. first honord his eldest sonne Prince Dauid with it Yet Henry Lord Darley had it also before his marriage with Queen Mary And as Rothsay to the eldest so the Earldom of Rosse is in Scotland to the second sonne Thus speaks the n Parl. 9. Iacob 3. cap. 71. act of Parliament vnder Iames III. Our Souueraigne Lord with consent of his three Estaites of the Realme annexis till his Crowne the Earledome of Rosse with the Pertinents to remaine thereat for euer Swa that it sall not be leiffull to his hienesse or his aires nor his successoures to make alienation of the saide Erledome or ony part thereof fra his Crowne in ony wise saifand that it salbe leiffull to him and them to giue the said Erledome at their pleasance till any of his or their secunde sonnes lauchfully to be begotten twixt him and the Queene So in a manner are the Appanages in France and the Duchie of York with vs and the like In imitation of the English honor of Prince of Wales the INFANT and heir of SPAIN Infant is but o Infantes dicti passim Regum filij Roderico Toletano Rod. Santio vt Hispanicè Infantes Sonne or Child as in France les enfans le Roy had the title of Prince of Astura Principe de las Asturias which began first in Henry sonne of Iohn 1. King of Castile and Lions and afterward Henry III. of that Dominion to whom Iohn q Ita Stephanus de Garibay in Compend Histor. Hisp. lib. 15. cap. 25. ab co vulgus quòd Principem Hispaniae siue Castellae compellant Haeredem Regni arguitur of Gaunts daughter Catharine was giuen in marriage Som of their p Roderic Sant part 4. cap 22. Duque de Alencastre in Stephan de Garibay Stories ignorantly stile him Dux Alencastriae and Glocestriae aiming questionles at Lancastriae and Leicestriae for he was Earl of Leicester To that Henry and Catharine Vt Asturum Principes vocarentur datum saith Mariana more ex Anglia translato vbi Regum filij maiores Walliae Principes nominantur quod ab hoc initio susceptum ad nostram aetatem conseruatur vt Castellae Regum maiores Filij Asturum Principes sint quibus annis consequentibus Vbeda Biatia Illiturgisque sunt adiectae In the Spanish Pragmatica of câ—â— D. LXXXVI For Titles it is ordered that the Infants and Infantas of Spain shall only haue the Title of Highnesse And in the top of Letters to them shall be only writen My Lord Sennor and in the end God keep your Highnesse only and vpon the Superscription To my Lord the Infant Don N. or To my Lady the Infanta Donna N. And that Highnesse without addition is to bee vnderstood only of the Prince heir and successor Dux in the times before the Caesarean Empire And in it Limitum Duces Ducatus Tunicae Ducales Ducianum iudicium Comites and the beginning of the Honorary Comitiua vnder Constantine His Counts of three Ranks The President of making a Count of the first Rank Dukes and Counts of the first Rank made equall Comitiua Vacans and Honorarie Titles without gouernment or administration giuen about the declining Empire 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Kings Friend 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the later Greek Empire Comitiua Secundi Ordinis How the name of Count was both equall and vnder Duke Dukes and Counts at will of their supreme anciently If a Duke then should haue XII Counties vnder him The beginning of this and other Titles to be Feudall and hereditarie in the Empire The ceremony of giuing Prouinces by deliuering of one or more Banners The making of the Marquisat of Austria a Dukedom The Archdukes name his habit and Crown in ancient Charters Imperiall Magnus Dux Lithuaniae 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hereditarily giuen by Constantine the great to the Prince of Athens vpon weak credit Power giuen to the Duke of Austria being made a King to create a Duke of Carniola The difference of Dukes in the Empire Who of them