letters the sentence hereafter insueth and was suche ¶ The senteÌ„ce of the letters sent from Adherball vnto the senatours of Rome what tyme he lay beseged by Iugurth within the towne of Cirtha ¶ The .xv. chapter MOost worthy fathers it is nat througth my faute that I sende so often to you requiryng your socours and coÌ„playnyng myne iniuryes but the violence rygour of Iugurth coÌ„pelleth me therto Whose mynde is fylled with so great a lust and desyre to beraue my lyfe that neyther hath he in mynde the drede of goddes punysshmeÌ„t nor fear of your displeasur My blode he coueyteth more than all thynges In somoche that nowe is the .v. moneth sith I am kept closed besiged with armed men by tyranny of Iugurth He nothyng regardyng that I am coÌ„federate felowe frende of the people of Rome Neyther can preuayle nor helpe the great benefites of my fader Micipsa done to this Iugurth nor your authorite nor ordynaunces or decrees I am vncertayn whyther I am constraned oppressed more greuously by force of armes or by hunger for bothe inuolueth me on all sydes I wolde write vnto you moch more touchyng the tyrannous cruelte of Iugurth but my miserable fortune moueth me coÌ„trary and moreouer I haue often ê‘ceyued before this tyme that small credence is gyuen to such as ar oppressed with misery Saue this I perceyue clerely that the mynde of Iugurth coueyteth greater thyng than my deth or kyngdome And if by your sufferance he shall subdue me and beraue me kyngdom at last he shall ryse and rebell agaynst your empyre Wherfore if ye lyst nat to defende socour my lyfe at leest defende your kyngdome of Numidy and preuent the vsurper of your empire Suffre nat this tyran to enioye the kyngdome of Numidy and your good wyll withal But truely ye may well perceyue that he loketh nat after your fauour after he shal haue vsurped the realme of Numidy But whyder he setteth lesse by losse of your frenshyp and fauour or of the dominion of Numidy none is so blynde but that may euidently perceyue the trouth For his dedes declare that he counteth lesse greuous to haue your hygh displeasur than to lose his fiers purpose to fle me and than to ocupy the hole lande of Numidy For this hath he proued and made manifest by his vnnaturall and cruell dedes first of all he hath slayne my brother Hiempsall which dede he durst nat haue done if he had feared your displeasur next that he droue me forth of my couÌ„trey and fathers kyngdome But these iniuries for certayne were done agaynst my brother and me and nothyng they longed to you But nowe he conspyreth hyer inuadyng vsurpyng and wastyng the hole lande of Numidy with force of armes And where as ye set me as your lewtenant vnder you to gouerne a part of Numidy This Iugurth nowe hath dryuen me from my liberte into the towne of Cirtha and besegeth me with men of armes closed on all sydes with outwarde drede and inward famine So that my peryls may playnly declare how lytell he setteth by the wordes of your embassadours Certaynly I can se nothyng remaynyng able to remoue his violence nor that can socour this my misery saue onely your power and violence I wolde ryght gladly that these thynges whiche nowe I write to you and all those thyngê which I haue complayned before in the counselhouse were but fayned false rather than this my euident misery shulde proue them true credible vnto you But sith I was borne in that hour and my desteny is such that Iugurth moost manifest his cursed cruelte by me therfore now my request nor prayer is nat that I may escape the sharpnes and cruelte of miserable deth whiche I beholde instant and ineuitable but onely my prayer is that I may escape the long subieccion and bondage of my ennemy and prolonged tourmentê of my miserable body But worthy fathers touchyng the kyndome of Numidy which apertayneth to you prouide you for the same as it lyketh you and if it be your pleasure ryd and delyuer me from the cruell vnmercyfull handes of Iugurth my mortall enmy for the honour and mageste of your empyre and for the fidelite of all frenshyp yf any remembraunce of my grandfather Massinissa remayneth yet among you ¶ Howe the senatours seÌ„de newe embassadours to Iugurth commaundynge him to desyst from ê‘secucion of Adherball and howe they preuayled nothyng how the towne of Cyrtha was yelded to Iugurth and howe he slewe Adherball ¶ The .xvi. chapter AFter these foresayde letters were openly red recyted before the senators many of them wer which couÌ„sayled to send an army into Affrike in all hast coÌ„uenient to socour helpe Adherball And in the meane tyme they wold take counsell aduise touching Iugurth what shuld be done to hym bycause he had nat obeyed theyr embassadors Whan the fauourers of Iugurth herd of this they laboured withall theyr myght that no such decre shulde be made nor ê“cede to effect And thus the coÌ„men wele was ouercome subdued by pryuate profet parciall fauour as in many other busynesses is dayly wont to happen Nat withstandyng this parcialite at last it was so determined that other new embassadors wer sent yet ones agayn into Affrike nat yong men inexpert as before but well aged men of grauite and discression whiche were of great dignite had borne great worshypfull offices iÌ„ tyme past in the cite of Rome Amonge which embassadours was one named Marcus Emilius Scaurus of whome we haue made mencion before This Scaurus was a man by riches fame couÌ„ted able to be couÌ„sellour of Rome and also at that tyme a myghty prince great doer among the senators in maner ruler of them all For asmoch as all men for the moost part were displeased with Iugurth sore murmured agaynst his cruelte agaynst the parciall fauour shewed to hym at Rome also for that the messaÌ„gers of Iugurth besought the embassadors to hast them to Numidy therfore the third day after theyr coÌ„mission they deê‘ted from Italy toke shyppyng in short tyme after aryued in Affrike at a cite named Vtica in a prouince subiect to the romains Assone as they were aryued they sende letters vnto Iugurth chargyng hym in all hast to coÌ„me to the sayd prouince to knowe the pleasure of the senatours of Rome whiche had sende them thyder for the nonys with certen commaundementes dyrect vnto hym of al theyr counsels busynesses And howbeit at begynnyng this same Scaurus strongly resisted the party of Iugurth what tyme many other of his sect were corrupt and accloyed with bribes long before this neuertheles now at last his mynde was abstract lyke other mo from the defence of goodnes and honesty vnto his olde vice of insaciable execrable couetyse by meane of habundance of gold and great rewardes of Iugurth But at first begynnyng this Iugurth redemed of Calphurnius but onely
in armour richely aparelled on comely coursers â—arded trapped with golde syluer the goodly order ordynance of a great army of armed mâ—n shyning in harnesse fyers prepared redy to batayle the trumpettes sounâ—ing the golden stremers and standerdes blasyng glisteryng agaynst the sonne and brefely all the grounde ouercouerd with men riches What els is all this but a vayne osteÌ„tation of yertly opulence and caduke glorie prepared besely assembled laboriously and exposed folysshly furiously vnto distruction ê‘dicion But agayn anon after whan we rede se in the same hystories the valiauÌ„t mennes bodyes prostrate the carkases of kynges dukes erles knyghtes and pages mengled all togyder all pride contencion abated The bryght harnesse dyed with blode the wounded coursers drawynge after them the deed bodyes of their lordes the men cryeng the tentes townes brennyng What is all this sight with otherlyke Forsoth nought els but an euident spectacle of mannes brutall crudelite and an exaÌ„ple of mundayne vanite declarynge the immoderat insaciable desyre of dominion of yerthely princes and prouing that vnto man welth is intolerable coÌ„founded by his owne foly These manyfolde and holsome exaÌ„ples represented before our sight by reding of cronycles hath moued my mynd to traÌ„slate this present hystorie forth of latyn into our maternal langage But among all other noble men of this region most hye and myghty prince ye seme vnto me most worthy and coÌ„uenieÌ„t to whose grace I shuld decycat this hystorie bothe for myne owne duety to be obserued anenst your magnifycence and also for the excellent worthynesse of your merites great polycie of chyualry whiche lately haue apered in youâ— whyle ye nat with lesse wysdoÌ„e than valyantyse haue vaynquysshed the inuasour and violent ennemy of the coÌ„men wele of England In whiche noble glorious acte ye haue ê“ued your selfe lyke vnto myghty Marius But this I omytte as thynge euidently knowen to euery man lest I myght seme rather to recouÌ„t these your strong dedes for adulacion than for true relation Wherfore most myghty magnifycent prince pleas it your hyghnesse of gracious beniuolence to accepte this smal present traÌ„slated by yor beedman to pleasure profet of al gentylmen of this region but namely of your hyghnes of the noble men of your ê“geny affynite But to thintent that this my small gyft somwhat may be augmented my selfe my seruyce and prayer I offre withall vnto your hygnes ¶ Thus endeth the preface of this present cronycle by Alexander Barclay preest dyrect vnto the ryght hye and myghty prince Thomas duke of Northfolke ¶ Here begynneth a compendyous extracte contaynyng breffely the effecte and processe of this present cronycle compyled in latyn by the famous Romayn Salust And traÌ„slated into englysshe by Alexander Barcley preest at coÌ„maundement of the ryght hygh myghty prince Thomas duke of Northfolke IN this present cronycle or hystory of Rome is written the batayle whiche the Romayns had with Iugurth vsurper of the kyngdome of Numydy The lande of Numydy is parte of the countrey of Affryke In whiche raygned somtyme a kynge named Massinissa felowe and frende to the empyre of Rhome This Massinissa had thre sonnes thus named Micipsa Manastabal and Galussa But after the deth of Manastabal and Galussa the first brother named Micipsa obtayned the kyngdome of Numydy alone without partyner For after the custome of Numydy heritages are wont to be deuided among brethern by equal porcions after dyscease of theyr parentes of whome suche heritage issueth This Micipsa so crowned kynge of hole Numydy had two sonnes the first called Adherbal the seconde Hiempsall But his brother Manastabal whiche was departed before left behynde hym one bastarde sonne named Iugurth to whom his grandfather Massinissa bequethed none heritage but left hym priuate without lande or lyuelodde for asmoche as he was vnlaufully borne The kynge Micipsa was moued with pyte compassyon agaynst this Iugurth and coÌ„sideryng that he was his brothers sonne without conforte receyued hym into his house and cherisshed hym in all thynges as he dyde his owne sonnes This Iugurth as he grewe in stature so grewe he in all gyftes belongynge to nature and became a right strong hardy knyght and also more excellent in wysdome than in courage or myght and was moche elder than the two sonnes of Micispa named Adher ball Hiempsall What tyme Micipsa coÌ„sydered the â—â—ouryng age manlynes wysdome of Iugurth And on the other parte whan he remeÌ„bred the feble yongth vnexpert of his owne two sonnes in this aduisemeÌ„t his mynde was sore troubled with drede â—est after his dethe the same Iugurth myght inuade and vsurpe vnto hymselfe the kyngdome of Numydy his owne two sonnes beyng nat of power to defende theÌ„selfe Micipsa after these thynges coÌ„sydred determined to obiect this Iugurth vnto paryll of warre and by such meanes to assay if it might fortune hym to be slayne in batell Therfore what tyme the romains hauyng Scipio for their capitaine beseged the cyte of Numance this Micipsa sent vnto the romains to the same batayle great socours both of horsmen and of fotemen And made Iugurthe captayn ouer them This dyde he trustynge that it was possible and lykely ynough that this Iugurth a knyght yonge lusty and desirous of honour myght by some chauÌ„ce of fortune be slayne in batayle as I sayd before But at conclusion it fortuned moche contrary For the boldnesse and strength of Iugurthe in that warre was well proued and knowen For many noble and valiant actes of chyualry dyd he wherby he wanne moche laude and glory with great loue fauour nat onely of Scipio the captaine but also of all the noblest men of the Romayne army Insomoche that after this warre was fynisshed and the cyte of Numance distroyed the captaine Scipio assembled his hole army and before them all with magnificent and fauorable wordes coÌ„mended Iugurth with merueylous laudes This done he rewarded hym with many riche gyftes of chyualry And sent hym agayne to the kynge Micipsa with letters wherin also he commended this Iugurth with great laude and praysyng By instigacion of whiche thynges it so befell that where as the kyng Micipsa nat long before desyred nothyng more than the deth of Iugurth nowe he coueted nought somoche as conseruacion of his lyfe helth So that nat long after he adopted hym as his sonne and ordayned in his testameÌ„t hym to be one of his heyres partiner of his kyngdome with his two other naturall sonnes Whiche ordinauÌ„ce he neuer chaunged but at his departyng increased his fauour and benefites agaynst the same Iugurth leauynge hym nat onely partiner of his kyngdome but also of all his treasours And besyde this decryed hym to be protectour of his two naturall sonnes and of theyr porcions of the kyngdome Sone after this ordinauÌ„ce the kyng Micipsa departed froÌ„ lyfe But whan the thre princes Adherball Hiempsall and Iugurth determined amonge them the tyme
that within short tyme he came to so great fame and worshyppe that vnto the romains he was marueylous dere and well beloued and of the Numantines drade as deth and certaynly among the chefyst he was worthy and valiaunt in batayle and also good of counsell of wysdome pregnaunt and circumspect Which two thynges be moche harde to be in one man both togyder for wysdom is often wont to make men a ferde and to drede many peryls bycause of prouidence But boldnes and audacite causeth men to be rasshe and folehardy bycause of haut courage But his wysdome directed his strength and his strength was obedient to wysdome Wherfore Scipio the captaine dyd almost euery ieopardous and wyghty thyng by hand counsell of Iugurth hym countyng among his chefe frendes and dayly cherysshed hym more more and no marueyle for there was no coūsell nor interprise begon of Iugurth frustrate or in vayne but al came to good effect Besyde these gyftes aboue sayd he was curtes of mynde lyberall and of wyt ryght discrete prudent by which gyftes he adioyned vnto hym many of the romains in familier frendeshyp At that same season in the army of Rome were ryght many newe and also auncient gentylmen whiche set more by riches than goodnes or honeste At home in Rome were they sowers of dyscorde and debatfull great in fame amonge the frendes of the romains But more famous by worshyppe and rowme than by honest conuersacion These kyndled the mynd of Iugurth nat a lytell promisyng often tymes and sayeng to set his courage on fyre that if the kyng Micipsa discessed the tyme shulde come that Iugurth alone shulde enioye the hole kyngdome of Numidy without any partyner For in hym they sayd was great vertue great manhode strength audacite with wysdome able to gouerne suche a kyngdome and nothynge was so iniust and false but that myght be iustifyed at Rome for gold and all thynges were there to be solde by couetyse of noble men ¶ Howe Publius Scipio counselled Iugurth at his departynge after the cyte of Numance was dystroyed ¶ The thyrde chapter THus contynued Iugurth in the romains army in Hispayne with great fauour of the romains and namely of Scipio the captaine tyll at last the army of Rome had distroyed the sayd cite of Numance Than Publius Scipio concluded to retourne agayne to Rome and to congye and licence suche socours as were sent vnto hym from other kynges amonge all other he called Iugurth vnto hym and before the multitude of all the army assembled lauded and commended hym magnificently recitynge his glorious actes and manly dedes of chyualry And after that worthely and rychely rewarded hym for his labours This done he conueyed hym into the captains tent and there secretly warned hym that he shulde cōtinue and worshyppe the frendshyppe of the people of Rome rather hole togyder and commenly than priuately leanyng to any singuler rulers Moreouer addynge these monicions that he shulde nat rather rewarde and be liberall to a fewe priuatly than to a hole cōmente sayeng that it was a perillous thyng to bye that of a fewe persons whiche belonge vnto many in commen If he wolde perseuer and contynue in so noble condicions as he had begon he shulde shortely come to great honour glory and dignite royall more than he wolde desyre But if he wold procede and labour to ascende ouer hastely than shuld both he and his riches fall heedlynge to ruyne and decay After Scipio had sayd these wordes with such lyke he licensed Iugurth to depart and sent hym vnto his vncle Micipsa agayne into the lande of Numidy with letters direct vnto the same kyng Micipsa of whiche letters the tenure and sentence hereafter ensueth and was suche ¶ The sentence of the letter dyrect from Publius Scipio captaine of the romaine army in Hispayne vnto Micipsa kynge of Numidy ¶ The fourthe chapter PVblius Scipio captaine of the romain army in Hispayne sendeth helth and salutacion to Micipsa kynge of Numidy frende and felowe of the empire of Rome The vertue strength and noblenes of your neuewe Iugurth whome ye sent vnto our socours hath ben proued in this warre of Numance ferre excellent aboue any other warriour of our retynue which thyng I knowe for certayne is to your great pleasure gladnes For his worthy merytes he is right dere and well beloued vnto vs. And we shall deuoyr vs to the best of our power that he may be lyke dere and well beloued of all the senatours and people of Rome I am surely ryght ioyefull on your behalfe of this your treasoure Iugurth thaūcient amyte bytwene you me byndeth me to be gladde of this your commodite For certaynely lo here haue ye a man of Iugurth worthy to discende of such noble stocke as ye ar and as his grandfather Massinissa was in his dayes whome he foloweth in all pointes of vertue and magnanimite ¶ Howe the kyng Micipsa adopted Iugurth vnto his sonne ¶ The fyfte chapter WIth these letters of Scipio Iugurth retourned into Numydy vnto his vncle Micipsa where he was worthely ioyefully receyued of the cōmentie But after that the kyng Micipsa vnderstode by these letters of commendacion of the captaine Scipio that the valiaūt and noble actes of Iugurth were trewe which longe before he had harde by report of the commen fame than what for the nobles of Iugurthe fauour bothe of his dedes and commendacion of Scipio he moued his mynde chaunged from his foresayd purpose and nat forther intended to oppresse Iugurth by malice nor enuy But concluded to attempt to ouercome hym with benefites kyndnesse to th entent that he so ouercome shuld nat in tyme to come fynde in his hert for pyte to indommage hym nor his heyres And soone after this purpose the same Micipsa adopted Iugurth vnto his sonne and farthermore decreed and ordayned in his testament that Iugurth shulde be one of his heyres and partener in possession of his kyngdome togyder with his two naturall sonnes Adherball and Hiempsall But a fewe yeres after this ordinaūce Micipsa what by age what by sykenesse drewe nere vnto his ende of lyfe and was consumed by age dysease wherfore consideryng his deth so fast approchyng it is sayd that he called Iugurth before hym and than before many of his frendes and kynsmen also in presence of his two naturall sonnes Adherball and Hiempsall he had to the same Iugurth suche wordes as herafter insue and folowe ¶ The exhortacion which the kynge Micipsa a lytell before his deth had to Iugurth ¶ The sixt chapter MIdere sonne Iugurthe I knowe it is nat out of your remembraunce howe after that ye had lost your father my brother I charitably louyngly receyued you yonge of tender age into my kyngdome what tyme ye were without riches without confort and without any hope of confort or ryches but very lykely to haue ben caste away This dyde I thynkyng that for these my benefites and kyndnesse I
spoyled fro me In this myn iniury be ye dispysed Wo is me miserable exulate Alas my dere father Micipsa ar your gode dedes kyndnes anenst Iugurth come to this poynt and coÌ„clusion that he before all other shuld namely be dystroyer of your lynage chyldren whome ye haue made felowe with your owne sonÌ„es also partyner of yor kyngdome alas than shal our stocke houshold neruer be quyet Shall we alway betossed turned in effusion of blode in batayle in exyle in chasing froÌ„ our couÌ„trey ¶ Whyle the Carthaginences raygned in prosperite we suffred and that pacieÌ„tly nat vndeserued all cruelte vexacion For them were our ennemies on euery syde of vs our frendes in whome we shuld haue founde socour at tyme of nede were ferre disioyned separate from vs. Thus all our hope all our trust was in our strength armour But nowe after that pestilent dystruction of the Carthaginences is chased casten out of Affrike we coÌ„tinued a tyme ioyfull quyet passynge our lyfe in peace and traÌ„quilite for why we had no ennemy except paradueÌ„ture for any iniury done agaynst you ye wold commauÌ„de vs to take your enmy for ours also as reason and ryght requyred But nowe sodaynly vnwarely to vs this Iugurth exaltynge hymselfe by his intollerable audacite by cruelte pryde hath first slayne my brother his owne nere kynsmam Hiempsall in augmentynge his myschefe hath vsurped to hym as in pray my brothers part porcion of the kyngdome of Numydy and after seynge that he myght nat take me lyke maner of trayne as he had done my brother what tyme I douted nothynge lesse than any violence or batayle in the kyngdome whiche I holde of you he hath chased me as ye may se out of your kyngdome and hath made me as an abiect outlawe chased from my couÌ„trey and dweâ—yng place oppressed with pouerty laded with miseryes In so moche that I may be in more suerty saue garde in any place of the worlde than in my owne natyfe couÌ„trey kyngdome whiche I holde of you Forsothe worthy senatours I haue euer thought in lyke maner as I haue oftentymes herde my father Micipsa openly report with sadnesse sayeng that they which shuld diligeÌ„tly coÌ„tynue in your frendshyp by theyr meritê must take great labors at many tymes vpon themselfe in your causes but of all men they wer most sure from iniury of any man And sothely all my lynage hath done asmoche as in them was at your desyres And euer hath ben redy in all batayls nedes to assyst you Wherfore if ye folowe the preceptê of gratitude if ye bere in remeÌ„braunce these merites of myne auncetry it is bothe right honesty that in this myne extreme necessite ye ayde socour me restore me agayn to quyetnes whyle ye haue none other busynesses in hand whiche may be to you iÌ„pedimeÌ„t iÌ„ this enterprise Moost discret fathers more brefely clerly to declare vnto you my coÌ„plaint my mysery And also to certify your excellence more playnly of myne vnnaturall vnkynd kynsman Iugurth and of his cruelte It is nat vnknowen vnto yor mageste that my father Micipsa after his departyng left behynde hym vs two brethern his naturall laufull sonÌ„es supposyng that by his benefytes merites Iugurth shulde be ioyned with vs as thyrde brother But alas moche coÌ„trary th one of vs is murdred by this cruell Iugurth blynded by insaciable ambicion desyre of dominion And I my selfe the seconde brother skarsly and with great difficulte haue escaped his cruell vnmercyfull haÌ„des what may I do or whether shall I rathest fle for confort vnhappy exulate thus desolate infortunate as I am All the socours all the coÌ„fort of my stocke kynred is extinct by deth my grandfather Massinissa my father Micipsa as necessite hath coÌ„strayned them haue payed the generall tribute of nature delyuered from these muÌ„dayne vexacioÌ„s by naturall deth My nere kynsman Iugurth moch otherwyse than it be came hym to do hath cursedly bereft my brother of his lyfe by tyranny myscheuous couetise of dominion myne other kynsmen by coÌ„sanguynite affinite withall myne other frendes by his cruelte ben also oppressed or put to dethe some by one meanes some by other some of hym be taken captyue some put to shamefull deth of gybet galous or crosse with most cruell tourment some be casten to wylde rapinous beestes to be deâ—oured of them A fewe whiche ar left with theyr lyues are closed in dongyons darknes passyng theyr miserable lyues with mournyng waylyng more greuous than deth Thus â—m I inuyroned with anguysshe on euery syde But if it wer so that all these socours whiche I haue lost by cruelte of Iugurth or if all thyngê which be turned to me from prosperite to aduersite remayned to this hour hole without detrimeÌ„t or daÌ„mage lyke as they were in my best estate yet certaynly noble senatours if any yll or mysfortune vnprouided shulde happen vnto me I durst be bolde to call your ayde and confort Bycause it semeth you to haue cure of right wrong belongyng to euery man coÌ„sydryng the excellent magnitude gretnes of your empire and to suffre no vertue vnrewarded nor vice vnpunysshed and finally no wretch oppressed to contynue vndefended But now moost of all sythe I am exulate from my natyf couÌ„trey from the kyngdome which my father ruled vnder you and from my owne house dwellyng place also nedy and poore of all thyngê belongynge to myne estate and alone without company or defence to whome or to what place may I resorte or in whome may I call for ayde or conforte in these my manyfolde miseries Shall I resorte or call for socours of nacions or of kynges adiacent and about the lande of Numydy alas I shulde lytell preuayle or nought at all Syth all they for your amyte ioyned with you be mortall ennemyse to vs to our lynage may I resort to any contrey about vs but that I shulde fynde there many tokens of cruelte of warre which my fathers haue done in theyr tymes passed in your causes Whyther shall any of them which haue ben our old ennemis haue mercy or coÌ„passyon on vs nowe in this our extremite But finally most noble senatours my father Micipsa thus ordred vs at his departynge and gaue vs in commaundemeÌ„t that we shulde obserue nor mentayne the frendshyppe of none other kyng nor people saue onely of the people of Rome and that we shuld seke no newe felowshyp nor newe confederacions or bondes of coÌ„corde sayeng that in your frendshyp helpe we shuld fynde great socours ayde and that largely But if it shuld fortune that the welth of this your empire shuld fall into ruyne or chaÌ„ge from this excelleÌ„ce whiche the goddes defende than sayde he that we and our kyngdome of necessite shulde also decay togyder with you But now lauded be the goddes by whose helpe fauour
and by your owne strength vertue ye be at this tyme myghty riche all thyng to you is prosperous and to your coÌ„maundement obeyng Wherfore it is somoch more laufull easy and conuenient to you to take cure charge in redressyng thin iuries done to yor frendes felowes I am onely in drede and dout of this one thynge lest the frendshyp singulier fauour of Iugurth nat parfetly knowen as he is worthy do induce the myndes of some to parcialite agaynst Iustice and ryght I here vnderstaÌ„de that such labour withall theyr myght for fauour of Iugurth goynge about from man to man prayng and intreatyng with moche solicitude many of you a part by one one desirynge requiryng you to determine no thynge agaynst Iugurth whyle he is absent the mater and cause nat knowen perfetly I here suche ê‘sons corrupt with parcialite and fauour obiectyng secretly agaynst me and sayeng that I fayne and ymagyn these wordes to accuse Iugurth vndeseruyngly and that I fayne to be chased forth of my lande by hym wher as I myght surely ynough haue remayned within the kyngdome of Numidy That wold god I myght se ones the cursed vnkynde kynsman of myne Iugurth by whose vnmercyfull cruell dedes I am casten in these miseries in such case that he were faynyng the same thynges vnder lyke maner as I fayne them at this tyme and wolde god I myght ones se hym as truely wtout faynyng dryuen out of the land of Numidy as I am nowe chased from the same by his cruelty and wolde god that at last other ye or els the immortall goddes wold so care for the busynesses troubles of vs myserable men in erth that the same Iugurth which now bereth hyÌ„selfe proud of his synfull dedes shewyng hymselfe countyng hym noble onely bycause he escapeth vnpunyssâ—ed for his synÌ„e cruelte myght therfore suffre greuous punysshmeÌ„t wtall my miseries other myscheues yls acordyng to his deseruynge for his vnmercyfull cruelte shewed agaynst our father Micipsa in murdryng of my dere brother Hiempsall chasyng me forth of my natyfe couÌ„tre thus oppressed with all miseries in extreme necessite O my brother my brother Hiempsall most dere to my hart of all creatures howbeit nowe thy lyfe is bereft the in thy flouryng youth longe before thy naturall hour of deth and that by cruelte of hym whome it semed nat of all men so to haue done neuertheles me thynketh in my mynd this chauÌ„ce of thy deth more to be ioyned of than to be sorowed For thou hast nat onely lost thy lyfe thy kyngdome but also thou hast escaped this chasynge this flyght this exyle this nede this pouerty withall other wretchednesses miseries whiche oppresseth me wtout coÌ„fort or socours But I vnhappy miserable exulate thus throwen downe from my fathers kyngdome into so many yls so great myseries may welbe an example and spectacle to al the world of the mutable courses wherin fortune turneth mankynd O my dere brother vncertayne am I what I do whyther I thus distitute of socour and ayde may persecute and reueng thy iniuries thy deth or els whether I may prouide and seke socours for recoueryng of the lande of Numidy I am in that case that my lyfe deth dependeth in the socour of other men Wold god I were deed out of hande if deth myght be an honest conclusion of these my miserable misfortunes rather than to be counted as content pleased to lyue in rebuke and shame as an exulate weryed ouercom with iniuries and gyueng place to the iniust cruelte of tyrannous persecucion and as nat able nor bolde to resist the same But nowe certaynly it is agaynst my wyll that I lyue for in my lyfe I haue no lyking nor pleasure and yet can I nat dye without dishonour Wherfore moost prudent fathers noble senatours these premisses consydred I obtest humbly requyre you in honour of the goddes immortall for thauncieÌ„t amyte bytwene you and my forefathers for the naturall loue whiche ye haue agaynst your chyldren parentes and by the mageste of the people of Rome this your most excellent empire haue pyte of my manyfolde calamitees socour this my misery Resist this tyrannous dealyng iniury of Iugurth commytted nat onely agaynst my wretched persone but also agaynst you and your empire Suffre nat the kyngdome of Numidy which is your owne to decay and be distroyed by cruell tyranny of Iugurth and by the effusion of blode and murdre of the linage of Massinissa somtyme most faythfull and constant frende of this your empire ¶ Howe the embassadours of Iugurth replyed agaynst these wordes of Adherball what dyreccion was taken for bothe parties of the senatours of Rome ¶ The .xi. chapter AFter that Adherball in forme aboue writen had ended his complaynt anone the embassadours of Iugurth arose answerd brefely in fewe wordes as they whiche had more trust confidence in theyr great gyftes gyuen before to many of the rulers of Rome than in any right of theyr cause and thus they replyed in effecte sayeng before the senatours that Hiempsall was slayne of the Numidyans for his owne hastines cruelte and nat by knowlege of Iugurth and as touchyng Adherball he began warr agaynst Iugurth of his owne froward mynd without any occasion but after he was ouercome in batayle bycause he was nat able to reueng hym selfe nor to make his partie good he fled vnto Rome to complayne hym to the senators of Iugurth where as all the faute was in hymselfe and in none other concernyng the partie of Iugurth they requyred the senatours in his behalfe in his absence to count hym none other than he was ê“ued knowen in the warre of Numance and that they wold nat set more by the wordes of his ennemy than by his dedes magnificently proued This sayd anone after bothe parties deê‘ted in sonder from the court Immediatly the senatours toke couÌ„sell what best was to be done in the cause The fauourers of Iugurth of his embassadours and more ouer a great part of the senatours were corrupt before by parcialite fauour and rewardê of Iugurth and so deprauat that they contemned set at nought the wordes of Adherball exaltyng coÌ„mendyng the manhode of Iugurth with laude fauour couÌ„tenaunce voyce and all other signes And so finally they laboured by all maner of meanes for an others myscheuous vice cruell cryme to defende the same as if it had ben in defence of theyr owne honour worshyp honeste But on the other part were a fewe other whiche set more by iustice and honeste than by false goten riches these counselled to socour Adherball and sharply to punysshe reueÌ„ge the deth of HieÌ„psal But among all other of this opinion was one named Emilius Scaurus a man of noble byrth redy to disturbe euery busynes debatful besy desirous of power of authorite of honour of riches but crafty in
clokyng of these his fautes After this Emilius Scaurê° sawe his gyueng of brybes of Iugurth so shamfully openly knowen he fered lâ—st the corrupcion of the senatours heed rulers of Rome myght ingeÌ„der enuy debate slaughter bytwene them the coÌ„mens lyke as in suche cases often had fortuned iÌ„ tymes before Wherfore in this coÌ„sideracion he refrayned his mynde at this tyme from his accustomed vnlaufull lustes Neuertheles among the senators in this couÌ„sell the worst part preuayled and that part which set more by fauour rewardes than by right equite ouercam the other part which labâ—ured to sustayne the right wtout any fauour or parcialite And so the fauourers of Iugurth optayned theyr purpose his cruelte had no punysshmeÌ„t Neuertheles it was coÌ„cluded decreed that .x. embassadors shuld be sent into Numidy to diuide the kyngdome which longed to Micipsa bytwene Iugurth Adherbal The principal of this embassade was one named Lucius Opimius a man of noble fame of great authorite power among the senatours in those dayes what tyme Caius Gracchus Marcus Fuluius great fauourers of the coÌ„mens were slayne of the noble men of Rome for the same cause After victory of the noble men agaynst the coÌ„mens the same two princes this Lucius Opimius enraged greuously with rigorous sharpe inquisicions examinacioÌ„s agaynst the poore coÌ„mente And was one of the chefe oppressers of them What tyme this Lucius Opimiê° with his coÌ„pany was come to Numidy Iugurth prepared to attempt his old craftes And howbeit he had founde the same Lucius for one of his ennemies at Rome neuertheles he receyued hym worshypfully with great diligeÌ„ce And with gyueng ê“misyng many thyngê he brought his purpose so to effect that this Lucius at coÌ„clusion preferred the fauour profet of Iugurth before his owne good name fidelite brefely before all thyngê belongyng to hymselfe This brought to passe anone he went in hand with the other of the embassadors after the same way many of theÌ„ he wan ouercaÌ„e with gyftes very fewe of them were which set more by theyr fayth treuth than by money rewardes of Iugurth Wherfore whaÌ„ it was come to limitacion separacion of the lande of Numidy bytwene Adherball Iugurth as the sayd embassadors were coÌ„maunded of the senatours that part of the kyngdome which marched toward Mauritany or the lande of the Mauriens beyng most opulent and plentyfull of fruitfull fyldes and of men was gyuen to Iugurth but the other part which was more pleasant than ê“fitable as ornate without hauyn townes and fayre edifyces was coÌ„mytted to possession of Adherball ¶ Nowe for asmoche as in this hystory before most of all in sequele and ê“cesse of the same hath shal be made mencion of many places townes of Affrike to thintent that thystory may be more clere and euident me thynketh it requisite and conuenient brefely to describe the sytuacion of Affrike and a lytell to touche those peoples and countreis whiche with the romayns had at any tyme amite or frenshyp other peace or warre But suche places and nacions whiche for heat and wyldernes be lytell frequented of people or nat inhabited of them it is nat easy to describe nor declare the truth for by difficulte of the places fewe or none resorteth thyder perfetly to knowe the same But the other partes frequented of people I shall as brefely declare as can be touched ¶ The descripcion of the habitable parties of the countrey of Affrike namely of suche nacions as had amyte or warre with the Romayns ¶ The .xii. chapter IN diuision of the circle of the worlde the opinion of most writers is that it is diuided into thre partes Europe Asy Affrike A fewe other authours hold opinion that it is deuided onely into two partes that is to say Asy Europe so that vnder climate of the part whiche is called Europe the thirde part named Affrike is coÌ„preheÌ„ded But this last opinion is leest alowed This countrey of Affrike hath his bondes on the see of Italy on the West part and on the occean see it abordeth partly on the same syde on the Est part therof is a declinyng pendant valey tyght ample large ThinhabytauÌ„tes of this valey call it Cathabathmon in theyr affrike langage that is to say in englyssh a dependaÌ„t valey On this Est syde the see is outragyous cruell perilous wtout any sure hauen but the fyldes soyle on this part ar plentyfull of corne and for all maner beestes is good pasture but the soyle is nat apt to trees beryng frute of water is scarcite bothe of rayne water of water springyng of the erth The disposicion of the people is holsome of body swyft may well endure labour Insomoche that the most part dye for extreme age saue suche as be slayne with wepyn or deuoured of wylde beestê For it is nat often sene the corruption of humours ingendring any infirmite bryngeth to deth In this couÌ„trey be also many rauynous beestes of diuers kyndes deuourynge all thyng which they may ouercome But this omityng I wyll nowe brefely declare what maner people first of all inhabited this countrey of Affrike and what people thyther resorted to inhabite next after them And howe thesame peoples were myngled togyder Howebeit that whiche I shall write is moche diuers from the commen fame and opinion of many men neuerthelesse I shall folowe the bokes writen in Affrike langage which as it is sayd belonged to the yong prince Hiempsall whome Iugurth murdred of the same bokes I shall folowe the true interpretacion in this mater and lyke as the inhabitauntes of the same countrey afferme to be true But touchynge the very credence of the treuth of the mater I report that to the authours ¶ The first people whiche inhabited the countrey of Affrike were named Getulians LybeaÌ„s a people hard sharpe vnmanerd These lyued of flesshe of wyld beestê fedde vpon the grouÌ„de as beestê vnresonable And were nat ruled by any maners but lyued wtout lord or lawes as vagabuÌ„des rouers They had no certayn byding placê but wher as the nyght toke theÌ„ ther they rested for the tyme. But after that Hercules dyed in Hispayne as the AffricaÌ„s say his army which was asseÌ„bled of dyuers nacions whan their captayne and heed was lost dispersed themselfe abrode anone after his deth and came to dyuers places of the worlde to seke theyr fortune where they myght optayne any habitacion or lordshyppe Of whiche company the Medeans Perseans and Armenyans arriued with theyr shyppes in that coost of Affrike which was nerest to the empire of Rome and longe tyme after occupied those costes But the Persyans inhabited themselfe more inwarde in the countrey towarde the occean see and in stede of houses they tourned theyr shyppes botomes vpwarde and dwelled vnder the same And no maruayle for in the countre about them grewe no tymber
it neuer desisted nor this variaunce and discencion bytwene the noble men and commens neuer ceased tyll tyme that cruell and mortal batayle foughten bytwene both parties and tyll tyme that also distruction of the lande of Italy coÌ„pelled both parties at last to consyder theyr owne blynde foly cruell furor so finally to mittigate fynisshe their debate vnresonable dyssencion But fyrst or I begyn to write of this batell I shall repeat and declare a fewe thingê done before this warre began to th entent that all thingê moost chefe worthy expedieÌ„t to be knowen may be more euideÌ„t open clere to the reders ¶ How the kyng Massinissa came into the fauour of the Romayns and how the lande of Numydy was committed vnto hym The seconde chapter THe Romayns had thre notable and famous batayls agaynst the CarthagineÌ„ces in which the same Romayns had great dammage Howbeit in conclusion of euery batayle they wanne victory of theyr ennemyes in the seconde of these batayles what tyme Hanyball duke and captayne of the CarthagineÌ„ces wasted the welth and riches of Italy more than any other ennemy had euer done before after the Romayns beganÌ„e to haue any great name and to delate theyr dominion A famous prince named Massinissa kynge of the lande of Numydy was receyued into frendshyppe fauour of the Romayns by one Publius Scipio captayne of the sayd Romayns which Scipio afterwarde for his manhode was named Scipio Affrycan bycause he ouercame subdued the lande of Affrike This Massinissa so receyued into fauour of the Romayns in the foresayd batayle dyd many noble and famous actes of chyualry with hygh valiantise corage For which dedes after the Romayns had ouercome the Carthaginencis theyr cite and after they had taken prisoner the kyng Sciphar which had in Affrike a worthy great large impire the people of Rome gaue frely vnto the same kynge Massinissa all suche cities landes as they had taken and wone in batayle For which benefites so magnificeÌ„t ample Massinissa coÌ„tinued vnto them in profitable faythfull frendshyp his lyfe induryng but at last his lyfe ended and the welth of his empire decayed also with hym This kynge departyng left behynde hym thre sonnes whose names were Micipsa Manastabal and Galussa of whome Micipsa succeded his father and alone obtayned the kyngdome after that this other two brethern Manastabal and Galussa were departed frome this lyfe by sickenesse This Micipsa had two sonnes named Adherball Hiempsall But Manastabal his brother whiche departed as sayd is left behynde hym one sonne nat laufully borne but a bastarde begoten of his coÌ„cubine wherfore departyng he left hym orbate without lande or lyuelode This coÌ„sydering Micipsa suffred hym nat to faute nor decay but forasmoche as he was his brothers sonÌ„e receyued hym into his court hym cherysshed in lykewyse as he dyd his owne sonnes Adherball and Hiempsall This Iugurth after that he was a lytell growen vp to age was myghty in strength comely and fayre of face but moost of all excellent of wyt wysdome Nor he gaue nat hymselfe to be corrupt with lust nor incrafty slouthe but as is the custome maner of the people of Numidy hymselfe he exercised somtyme in rydyng somtyme in castyng the dart iustyng and somtyme in ronnyng wrestlyng with his companyons of lyke age And nat withstandynge that in laude and prayse he passed all his perys yet none enuied hym but he was derely beloued cherysshed and lauded of all men Moreouer he passed moche of his tyme in huntyng of wylde bestes whiche in that lande habounded he was the first or one among the first which durst assaile and stryke the lyon and other cruell and wylde bestes he dyde moche and lytell sayd or bosted of hymselfe For suche demeanour his vncle Micipsa at first begynnynge was gladde and ioyefull supposynge that in tyme to come the manly behauour and strength of Iugurth shuld be glory and honour to all his kyngdome But afterwarde in processe of tyme whan he coÌ„sydred and vnderstode his lyfe approchynge fast to ende his naturall sonnes yong vnexpert And this yong man Iugurth in honour and fauour dayly encreasyng more and more he reuolued many thynges in mynde greatly moued with suche solicitude and besynesse Forthermore he consydred that all men of kynde be naturally inclined to desyre to rule and commaunde by lordeshyppe rather than to be ruled and subiect And howe man is prone and hedlynge inclined to fulfyll the desyers of his mynde dredynge no daungers nor suspectynge no peryll whyle he is eâ—cecate by ambicion and desyre of lordshyp Moreouer aduisyng the oportunite of his owne age and of the age of his chyldren which for yongh were nat able to resyst any power or violence whiche oportunite is wont to be nat small confort audacite and courage nat onely to bolde herres but also to meane men and cowardes intendyng to conspyre agaynst theyr princes in hope of pray and promocions Such consyderacyons feared sore the mynde of Micipsa besyde these his drede and dolour was more augmented whan he behelde the fauour hertes of all his subgettes of the lande of Numidy vtterly inclyned to Iugurth wherfore to put to deth the same Iugurth by any gyle as his purpose was to do he drad moost of all dowtyng lyst therof myght succede bytwene hym and his subgettes some insurrexion or batayle Micipsa compased on euery syde with these difficulties was sore troubled in mynde And whan he sawe that nother by strength nor gyle he myght distroy a man so well beloued of the commens as was Iugurth at last he deuised an other way to ryd hym and that without dauÌ„ger or suspeccion wherfore Micipsa aduertyng that Iugurth was redy of hande to stryke aueÌ„â—erous and moche desyrous of honour and laude of chyualry he concluded with hymselfe to obiect hym to daunger and peryll of warre and by that meane to assay the fortune of batayle ¶ Nowe at the same season the Romains warred agaynst a cite of Hispayne named Numance vnto whiche warre diuers kynges to the commens associate sent vnto them socours agaynst the same cite Amonge whome Micipsa also sent a fayre company of horsmen and fotemen ouer whome he made Iugurth captaine and sent hym forth with them into Hispayne trustyng that ther he lightly shuld be ouerthrowen and slayne in batayle other in shewynge his manhod and strength or els by fyersnes and crueltie of his ennemyes But this thyng for tuned moche contrary to his opinion For Iugurth was of mynde and courage valiaunt and bolde and of wytte quicke and redy so that after he had parceyued the disposicion behauour and maners of Publius Scipio at that tyme captayne of the romains and whan he had consydred also the maners of his ennemyes he behaued hymselfe in suche wyse with moch labour besynes and cure in obeyng his captaine with so good maner often tymes countryng his ennemyes without drede of perill Insomoch
shulde be vnto you nat lesse intyerly beloued than of myne owne naturall chyldren with my body begotten Nor certainly this my hath nat dysceyued me For why to ouerpasse your other great magnificent and excellent dedes of you valyauntly done before specially now last of all coÌ„myng from the warre of Numance ye greatly adourned inhaunced to honoure and glory bothe of myne owne persone this my kyngdome And where as the romains in fore tymes were frendes vnto vs by your vertue and manly actes ye haue establysshed that amytie and of frendes made them moche more frendes So that in Hispayne the name glory of our housholde by your manhode is renouate and renewed Thus finally ye haue ouercome the enuy of your ylwyllers onely by your glorious actes and valiauÌ„t interprises whiche is one of the moost hardyest thynges to be done amonge mankynde and of moost difficultie Wherfore nowe my sonne Iugurth sythe it is so that nature hath nere concluded the ende of my lyfe I admonest charge and exhorte you by the fayth of your right hand and by the fayth and fidelite whiche ye owe to this my kyngdome I obtest and requyre you that ye loue mentayne and cherysshe these my two sonnes Adherball Hiempsall which of kynred be nere to you and by my benefite and kyndnes are bretherne vnto you Forthermore I exhorte you that ye couÌ„tenat leferre and more pleasure to acquaynt and coÌ„ioyne vnto you forayns or straungers rather than to retayne suche as be ioyned to you by naturall blode kynred For neyther is a great army of men nor habundance of treasours the châ—fe socours or defence of a kyngdome but moche rather trusty and faythfull frendes whome a man can neyther compelleâ— by force of armes nor yet bye with golde nor syluer to parseuer in stedfast amyte but they be oâ—tayned kept by kyndnesse good dedes fidelite and faythfulnesse But among all frendes who can be more frendly and stedfast in amyte than brother to brother Certaynly none ought to be more louyng of naturall inclinacion Or what strauÌ„ger shal ye fynd faythfull and trusty to you if ye shewe yourselfe ennemy to your owne kynsmen For sothe if ye coÌ„tynue togyder honest good and louynge in agreable concorde bytwene yourselfe thanne this kyngdome which I committe and gâ—ue vnto you shall continue sure and stedfast as it is nowe But coÌ„trarely if ye be yll and disagreynge among yourselfe ye shall in short season make it ryght poore feble and incertayne For by loue peace and concorde small ryches small lordshyppes and generally all small thynges increase and multiplie by discorde the grettest thynges of the worlde decay and fall vtterly to ruyne But you my sonne Iugurthe bycause ye passe these myne other two naturall sonÌ„es in age and wysdome therfore it semeth you so moche more than them to make suche wyse prouision bothe for yourselfe and for them also that nothyng happen otherwyse than well For in euery stryffe and debate howe be it he whiche is myghtyer and rycher often suffreth iniury Neuerthelesse it semeth more that he dothe wronge thanne suffreth bycause that he is more of power and myght thanne his feble aduersary But ye my dere sonnes Adherball and Hiempsall se that ye worshyppe and loue this Iugurth your worthy vncle And bewarre that ye nat offende nor dysplease hym but folow his vertue manly behauour And do your deuoir to the best of your power after his example behauynge yourselfe so discretely and so wysely that it be nat hereafter reported by me that I haue takenne vnto me by adoption better chyldren thanne I haue begotten Thus concluded the kyng Micipsa his wordes How beit Iugurth well perceyued the kynges wordes but fayned and spoken agaynst his hert if any other remedy myght haue ben fouÌ„de neuertheles he answered benygnely for the tyme all if he thought and reuoulued in his mynde moche otherwyse and contrary to his humble and mylde answere ¶ Howe the kynge Micipsa departed from lyfe and of the first cause of dissencion and discorde betwene Iugurth Adherball Hiempsall ¶ The .vii. chapter NAt longe after the kynge Micipsa decessed whose dethe was dolourous and sore bewayled of all his subgettê but most of all to his naturall sonnes it was to be lameÌ„ted and nat without great cause as the processe of this hystorie shall afterwarde declare But after the kyngê funerall exequies were magnificently ended as apertayned to his state royall The thre princes that is to say Adherball Hiempsall and Iugurth anone assembled to the intent to commen and treat of busynesses of the royalme coÌ„cernynge particion and separation of the same and all other thynges conuenient But whan they shulde sytte and take their places in order Hiempsall yongest of the thre was somwat fyers of nature and disposed to statelynesse And in mynde longe before this tyme he disdayned the ignobilite of Iugurth for asmoche as he was vnlyke vnto them of byrth towchynge his mothers syde and a bastarde borne as is sayd before Wherfore he dysdayned that the same Iugurthe shulde haue the place of moost honoure among them whiche were naturall sonnes of a kynge and also laufully borne and so in contempt of Iugurth he set hym selfe downe on the ryght hande of his brother Adherball to thyntent that Iugurthe shulde nat syt in the myddes bytwene them whiche rowme the Numydyens count of most honour And afterwarde howbeit his brother Adherbal requyred hym often to gyue place to Iugurth bycause of his age yet vnnethes coude be with moche payne induce hym therto but at laste fatygate by requestes of his brother and of other noble men of the realme he chaunged his place and set hym vpon the other syde with countenauÌ„ce declaryng his mynde nat coÌ„tented And thus at laste satte Iugurth for his age in the myddes bytwene them bothe as in place of moost honour Whanne the thre princes were thus sette and had communed of many thynges concernynge the adminystracion of the kyngdome amonge many and dyuers other thynges Iugurth sayd that all the statutes and ordynaunces whiche the kynge Micipsa hadde made fyue yeres before his deth ought of congruence to be adnulled as of none effecte For in that season as sayde he his wyt what for age what for syckenesse was feble dull and of small valoure And therfore suche thynges as he had in that space enacted were done without wysdome or reason Whanne Hiempsall herde Iugurth thus speke he answered sayenge that it pleased hym ryght well that it shulde so be done For within the same thre yeres sayd he our father Micipsa hath adopted you to his sonne and in his testameÌ„t ordayned you to be partiner of his kyngdome whiche was the worst and most vnaduised dede that euer he dyd yonge or olde Wherfore Iugurth accordynge to your owne ordynaunce this must fyrst of all be adnulled and broken whiche done my brother and I shall nat greatly contende for the remenant These wordes of Hiempsall
ire and displeasure of the Romains had he none other hope nor confort saue in the couetyse of the noble men of Rome and in thabundaunce of his treasours wherwith he trusted to corrupte the rulers of Rome to be fauorable to hym This consydred within fewe dayes after he sent to Rome embassadours with moche golde and siluer to whome he gaue in commaundement that first of all they shulde satisfy his olde frendes with rewardes and money and than to spare no gyftes to get vnto hym mo new frendes And brefely that they shulde nat spare nor tary to procure vnto hym fauourers and mainterners of his part and all thynges for his auauntage by gyftes and promysses But after these embassadours were come to Rome accordyng to the coÌ„maundement of theyr kyng they gaue and sent to his acquayntaunce and frendes and to suche as amonge the senatours at that tyme had moost authorite large and great rewardes Insomoche that anone among them was so great a chaunge that the maruelous enuy hatred and euyl wyll which they had agaynst Iugurthe was all chaunged into fauour and grace amonge the noble men Of whome some were so induced by gyftes receyued and some other by hope of brybes in tyme to come that they went about among the senatours from one to one labourynge intretyng that at that season nothyng shuld be extremely nor greuously determined agaynst Iugurth Thus after the embassadours of Iugurth had coÌ„fidence and trust ynough in theyr cause they laboured to haue a day apointed to apere in court The day of apparence was graunted as well to them as to Adherball to Adherball as playntife and to the embassadours as defendentes for Iugurth whan the day assigned was come bothe the parties appered in court before the senatours than after audience graunted Adherball began to speke vnder forme folowynge for complaint and declaracion of his iniuries and oppression ¶ Here insueth the oracyon of Adherball deuised in forme deliberatiue in whiche he exhorteth the senatours to coÌ„maunde socours ayde to be assigned vnto hym prouynge the same to be profitable honest and easy to the Romains to do profita ble that he myght coÌ„tynue a frende vnto the empire of Rome honest for his father grandfather had so deserued easy to be done for the Romains at that tyme had none other warre els where ¶ The .x. chapter MOost dyscrete chosen fathers and noble senatours Micipsa my father at houre of his deth coÌ„mauÌ„ded me that I shulde thynke nought els of the lande of Numidy to apertayne to me saue onely the rule and administracion of the same affirmynge that the title of possession and empyre of the same belonged to you to the people of Rome Moreouer he gaue me in commaundement to do my deuoyr to be vnto you seruiable aboue all thynges both in place and in warre And that I shulde count you vnto me in place of kynsmen and nerest frendes of alyaunce Sayenge that if I so dyd than by your amite and frendshyppe I shulde fynde socours ryches and defence of the kyngdome of Numydy and of me and myne in all tymes of nede which preceptê of my father whyle I kest in mynde to obserue sodaynly Iugurth the moost cruell cursed of all men whome the grounde susteyneth dyspisyng your empyre hath dryuen me from your kyngdome from all my other goodes of fortune nothyng regardynge that I am neuew of Massinissa and by myne auncetry a felowe and frende of the empyre and people of Rome But certaynly worthy and chosen fathers syth I am come to that misery that necessite coÌ„strayneth me to desyre your ayde and socours I wolde moch rather that I myght call for your helpe for myne owne merytes agaynst you done than for the merites of my forefathers and that by suche meanes of myne owne deseruynge your benefites and socours were due vnto me which wolde god that I neded nat at all but if this your socours myght so of you be desyred by my merites deseruyng than shulde I call boldly to you and vse your socours of duety as myne auncetry haue done in tymes passed But nowe syth it is so that honest lyfe and innocence in this worlde fyndeth lytell surenesse by themselfe without proteccion of some other Moreouer syth it was nat in my power to mitigate nor to withstande this tyrannous iniury of Iugurth Therfore chosen fathers I am nowe fled vnto you as to my chefe refuge coarted to necessitie to requyre your socours and coÌ„strayned to put you to besynes charge before I haue done any pleasure or profet vnto you whiche thyng greued me moost of all and is one of my gretest miseries Ryght worthy senatours other kynges haue ben receyued into yor frendshyppe fauour after ye haue ouercome them in batayle or els perceyuynge themselfe in danger and in doubtfull chauÌ„ches of fortune they haue coueyted and desyred your felowshyppe and fauour rather for theyr owne wele than for yours But moche contrarely our forefathers and rote of our lynage Massinissa confederated hymselfe with the people of Rome in the seconde batayle of Carthage what tyme was more faythfulnes to be trusted in them theyr good wyll than of welth or riches to be optayned of the romains beynge at that tyme assayled with warre on euery syde theyr riches and treasours consumed by often batayles Thus it is euident that our auncetry confederat nat themselfe to your felowshyp for theyr owne defence in hope of riches in hope of dominion nor for any other priuate profet but onely for fauour loue whiche they had vnto your empyre Wherfore noble senatours suffre nat the progeny and braunches of this stocke to be distroyed Suffre nat me whiche am neuewe of your trusty frende Massinissa to aske of you helpe and socours in vayne But prudeÌ„t fathers if it were so that I had none other cause to demaunde socours of you saue onely this miserable fortune wherwith I am oppressed that I whiche was lately a kyng by lineall dyscent myghty of auncetry excellent and clere of fame habundauÌ„t in riches and of men of armes and now dysformed by myserable calamite poore and nedy so that I am constrayned to seke helpe socours of other men if I had none other mater wherof to complayne saue this miserable fortune onely Neuerthelesse it longeth is conuenient to the magesty of the people of Rome to prohibite to withstande iniury And nat to suffre the kyngdome or dominion of any man to ryse and increase by falshode myscheuous tyranny And the ryght heyres agaynst ryght agaynst iustice and agaynst reason to be excluded from theyr true heritage But verely I am excluded and cast forthe of that countrey which the romayns in tyme passed gaue vnto my forefathers out of the which countrey my father grandfather accompanyed with your army and helpe haue chased the kynge Siphax and also the Carthaginences bothe moost violent enmyes to the empyre of Rome Your benefites be
this wronge And thyrdly the infeccion of Iustice whiche is no where here among vs but clene eryled from oure ciâ—e And principally this letteth me for that I se you so innocent so feble mynded and so symple that in euery place ye ar sure of all the peryll of all the laboure and of all the payne but these estates whiche do nought that is coÌ„mendable haue all the honour auantage and worshyppe And sothely it greueth me to speke to you of the iniury that now of late hath ben done to you howe moche ye haue ben had in skorne derision and in dysdayne to the power and pride of a fewe estates And also it greueth to recount howe vnreuenged many of your defenders by them haue shamefully ben put to deth for your sake within these fyftene yeres And to se howe your myndes be corrupt with cowardyse and negligence that ye wolde neuer socoure them whiche in your quarell and defence haue subdued themselfe to deth What intende ye wyll ye styl be subgette vnto these estates your ennemyes It is surely tyme at the last to aryse and defende your lybertie ye do drede them whome it semeth to dout and to drede you consyderyng your true querell and theyr vngoodly mysdemeanour But nat withstandyng that ye be thus disposed to lose your libertie in mysery to passe forthe the resydue of your lyues neuertheles the good wyll whiche I haue to you and to the commen wele causeth and dryueth my mynde to resyst this fals fauoure and parcialyte of these proude and vniuste lordes Certesse I shall assay and proue howe I can defende the libertie whiche my father left me but whyther I shall so do to auauntage or elles in vayne that lyeth hole in your handes and power Surely worthy citezins I do nat exhort you to withstande these wronges and oppressions with force of armes as our forefathers haue often done To resyst and repell this wronge nedeth no violence no deuydynge of you from the senatours as your elders haue done before tyme. It must nedê be that these great men coÌ„federat in malyce at last shall come to decay by theyr owne condicions and insolent behauour ¶ Were nat sharpe inquisicions and greuous examinacions had agaynst the coÌ„men people of Rome after that Tiberius Graccus was slayne for the defence of the lawes belongynge to the commentie whome his euyl wylles accused as vsurper of kyngdome ouer the commen people And moreouer after that Caius Graccus and Marcus Fuluius were put to deth for defendyng of your lyberte were nat many of your order and behauoure that is to say of the commentie put to deth or murdred in prison And at bothe the seasons the estates made none ende of theyr crueltie agaynst you after the lawe but after theyr immoderate pleasure Well forsothe I graunt that it be reputed for treason and vsurpacion of a kyngdome to defende the lawes and the ryght of the commentie and I graunt also that what thyng can nat be coÌ„dygnely punysshed without effusyon of blode of many citezins that the same punisshement be executed accordynge to lawe and ryght vpon a fewe suche as were begynners of the trespasse Within these fewe yeres passed ye dysdayned murmured secretly among your selfe that the sayd lordes spoyled the commen treasoure without your consent And that kynges and nacions contrybutory to Rome payed theyr trybutes to a fewe priuate estates and nat generall to the vniuersall cite in commen and ye grutched that these estates hadde all the most dignite and all the rychesse treasoure also in theyr handes Neuerthelesse they couÌ„ted but a small thyng to escape vnpunysshed for these so great offences Wherfore now are they become so bolde so fiers and proude by your sufferance that at last they haue betrayed and put in handes of your ennemies your lawes your dignite your mageste withall other thynges bothe humayne and diuine to your libertie belongynge So that in pardonyng of these inhumayne cruell offences of Iugurth they haue polluted betrayed the lawes bothe of god man And how beit that such is theyr demeanour it nothyng repenteth them nor they be nought asshamedde therof But dayly iette before your faces solemly and pompously bostyng them selfe Some of theyr dignities theyr lordshyppes and offices And other some crakyng of theyr triumphes and victories as who sayeth that they attayned the same by honoure and nat by falsehodde and robberie Haue ye nat dayly experience seyng that symple bondmen bought solde for money wyll nat suffre nor endure the vniust commaundementes of theyr lordes or maisters But coÌ„trarywyse ye gentylmen freborne cetezyns ar contented to suffre with meke myndes this bondage wherin ye are holden subgette by the power of these lordes But I pray you what maner of men be these whiche thus subdue you and presume thus longe to occupy the commen wayle at this season Forsothe they be men most vicious with bloddy handes infected with the blode of innocentes Men of immoderate and insacâ—able couetyse noysom greuous to euery god man Whose pride incredyble no man can comprehende which for money haue solde and dayly are redy for to sell for lucre theyr fidelite theyr worshyppe theyr deuocyon and good name And brefely all thynges honest dishonest are they redy to do for auantage Wherby it apereth euidently that all theyr ioye felicite resteth in couetyse Some of them count themselfe more assured bycause they haue slayne the protectours of the commentie to the intent that other may drede them so moche more And other some of them in wrong examinacions inquisions had agaynst you reioyse and count them selfe hardye surer therby And many other thynketh theyr defence and auauncement in murdring of you bostyng them selfe of the same and thus howe moche wors that eche of them doth the more sure he is more sette by In somoch that where they ought to fere you for theyr mysdedes they transpose that feare vnto you and cause you by your cowardyse to feare and drede them whiche are conioyned all togyder agaynst you iÌ„ one maner desyre of yll in one maner couetyse in one hateredde of good and in one maner fere of your auauÌ„cemeÌ„t but among good men to be all of one mynd vnder this maner one nat withstandynge an other it is to be counted for amyte and frendshyppe Amonge yll men suche agreyng of maners is but a knotte of discorde and causeth sedycion variauÌ„ce and debate But verily if ye had so great desyre and care to recouer your lyberte which is lost as they haue to encrease theyr lordshyppe than shulde nat the coÌ„menwele be oppressed and wasted as it is nowe and than shulde the offices maistershyppes and dignitees of Rome whiche ar your benefites to gyue where lyketh you be in the handes of good vertuous men and nat in the haÌ„des of bold bosters and iniust men confederate in myschefe The coÌ„mentie of Rome your forefathers before this tyme haue armed themselfe and
forsaken the senators two sondry tymes kepe themselfe togyder vpon the hyll of Aduentyne onely bycause the wold haue a lawe decreed inacted for them And maisters or officers elect for them which shulde be theyr protectours agaynst the iniury and extorcion of the estates whan nede shulde requyre whiche thyng at last was graunted to them and many other lyberties also Than shulde nat ye laboure moche more withall your myght for conseruacion of the same lyberties whiche they haue left vnto you as hole as euer they had them And specially for this cause ought ye to defende your priuileges for that it is more shame and rebuke to lese the priuilege and lybertie goten than neuer to haue optayned them And specially what shame is it to you nothynge to augment nor encrease that authorite whiche your elders forefathers haue left to you but to suffre the same by your cowardyse by lytell and lytell to dekay and at laste vtterly to be loste and come to nought But any of you may than requyre of me what is yor mynde what wyll ye that we do I wyll forsothe and couÌ„sell that punysshment be taken vpon them whiche haue betrayed the honour of the commen wele vnto your ennemy Iugurth without aduyse of the senators or of the coÌ„menty but this my counsell is nat to punysshe them violently with your power in batayle for certesse that were more dyshonoure vnto you to do than to them to suffre the same Nat withstandynge that they be worthy so to be delt withall But this thynge may be best done by inquysition examinacion and coÌ„fession of Iugurth hymselfe and by his accusacion of these treatours whiche Iugurth surely wyll be obedient to come hyther to Rome at your coÌ„mauÌ„demeÌ„t if it be true that he hath yelded hymselfe But if he dyspice your commaundementes than may ye well thynke and coÌ„syder what peace or yeldynge he hath made by the which yeldyng he is vnpunysshed and pardoned of his detestable and shamefull dedes and these estates laded with richesse and treasoure But curcite and welthe of the coÌ„menty is come to losse dammage and vtter shame and disworshyp â–ª Thus must ye do suche examinacions must ye make without ye thynke that these great men haue nat yet sufficieÌ„t lordshyppe and power in theyr handes or els without ye shewe outwarde that ye were better pleased and content with that season whan kyngdomes prouinces iustices lawes iugementes batayle peace and finally euery thyng bothe diuine and humayne were in handes of a fewe estates Than ye be nowe pleased with the season tyme that now is whan your lybertie is gyuen to you whiche ye are able to mayntayne if ye so be disposed But in that season passed howe beit ye were vnouercome of your ennemies maisters emperours â— ouer the most part of the worlde yet had ye ynough to do to defende your owne lyfe from the cruelty of these fewe mighty men For of you all who was so bolde to withstaÌ„de their subieccion boÌ„dage Wherfore if ye entend to endure suffre the destruction of your libertie as ye begyn thaÌ„ truely the tyme which is to come shal be moch more cruell to you than the tyme passed But as for me nat withstaÌ„dyng that I vnderstand the great offence and abhominable of this wycked Iugurth is suffred vnpunysshed yet wolde I suffre paciently that ye shulde forgyue pardon the wicked doers of this dede men most vngracious bycause they be citezins If it were nat so that such mercy and forgyuenes shuld tourne to our dystruction ruyne of our empire For ye may se howe great oportunite and sufferance they haue in somoche that they count but a small thyng to do vnhappely without punysshment Wherfore they nowe dayly encrease theyr cruelty agaynst you if ye do nat herafter take from them the power authorite therof And specially coÌ„tynuall busynes without ende shall remayne vnto you whaÌ„ ye se playnly that outher ye must be seruauÌ„tes or bondemen or els ye must retaygne and defende your libertie by strength of your handes For what hope or trust is there of faithfulnes or of concorde bytwene you and them â–ª None surely For their mynde is vtterly set to be lordes ouer you and ye on the other part wyll nedes be fre and at liberte They be extremely inclined and disposed to do wrong and iniury vnto you And ye labour to withstande theÌ„ vtterly And brefely to speke they take the frendes and felowes of our empire for ennemies But our mortall ennemies they take for theyr felowes frendes But ye wolde withstande this cursed vnkynde behauour Wherfore can ye suppose that peace loue or frendshyppe can be among people so coÌ„trary of myndes disposicion For these coÌ„syderacioÌ„s I warne exhort you that ye suffre nat so great myschefe to escape vnpunysshed This offence is nothynge lyke to the robbyng of the coÌ„mon treasour nor to the spoylyng of money by extorcion froÌ„ the felowes frendê of our empire Which dedes howbeit they be greuous in maner intollerable neuertheles by custoÌ„e vse of the same they ar reputed for small fautes for nought But this dede is moche more greuous and vtterly intollerable For the authorite of the senate is betrayed to our most cruell and fiers ennemy Iugurth your empire is falsly betrayed to other mennes handes and possession The coÌ„men wele hath ben put to sale to Iugurth by the senators bothe at home in our cite and also in our army by Calphurnius the coÌ„sull Insomoch that if examinacion be nat made herof and if they be nat punysshed which be culpable fautie herin What thyng shall remayne vnto vs but that we must passe our lyfe vnder obedience and bondage of them which thus haue done and vs shall they kepe in subiection as yf they were kynges For what thynge longeth to a kynge saue to parfourme his wyll and pleasur be it good or yll without any resystence or punysshment of any man Do nat these estates thus wtout any coÌ„tradiction nat withstaÌ„dyng that it is in your power to withstand theÌ„ if ye wyll Nor certes worthy citezins I do nat thus exhorte you to coueyt rather that your citezins shulde do yll than well But I speke to thinteÌ„t that ye shulde nat so fauour forbere a fewe iniust yll disposed men that the vtter distruction of all good men shuld procede of suche indiscrete fauour And also namely in a cite or a coÌ„men wayle it is moch better and more tollerable to forgete the rewarde of good dedes than the punysshment of yll dedê For a good man seynge his goodnes nat rewarded nor set by he dothe but onely withdrawe his owne kyndnes but an yll man nat punysshed is the more bold cursed And moreouer if such as be mysdoers be punysshed at the last theyr nombre shal be abated decresed and if there be fewe vniust men the lesse wrong is done And he to
Somtyme he shewed hymselfe to Metellus somtyme to Marius somtyme he wold assemble his coÌ„pany togyder in a bend as if he wold fyght with the romains to atteÌ„pt them anone aft wold he retourne agayne vnto the mountaynes And afterwarde sodenly appere agayne thretnyng nowe the one coÌ„pany of the romayns nowe the other yet wold be neyther aueÌ„ture batayle nor suffre neyther the romayns to be ydle or in rest nor yet hymselfe His mynde was onely sette to kepe his ennemies from their begynnyng purpose of distroyeng of the countrey whiche they intended ¶ Howe Metellus besyeged Samam one of the strongest townes of Numidy and howe Marius vnder captayne of Metellus escaped the danger of Iugurth ¶ The .xxxv. chapter WHan Metellus sawe hym selfe so weryed with the gyles and craftes of Iugurth and that by no policy he coude haue faculty or tyme to fight with hym in playne batayle at last he coÌ„cluded to besyge assayle a great towne named zamam whiche was the most chefe strongest holde of all the realme of Numidy in that part of the lande where it was buylded And so sped hym thyder withall his army and ordinance where the sayd holde was thynkyng as the mater requyred that Iugurth wolde drawe thyder for defence of his chife towne and for socour and relefe of his people and so shulde the batayle be there foughten bytwene them But whaÌ„ Metellus was in his iourney thyderwarde anone were certayn of his army which fled to Iugurth and certified hym of this prouision and interprise of Metellus Whan Iugurth herof was certified he hasted hym by gret iourneis so that he ouerpassed the coÌ„pany of Metellus and came to the towne of zamam before hym there exhorted the inhabitantes boldly to defende the walles And farthermore assigned to socour helpe them all suche as had fled from the romayns and had brought hym those tidyngê These treatours were the surest men whiche Iugurth had For they coude nat dysceyue hym but if they wolde yelde them agayne to the romayns whome they had forsaken and betrayed which thyng was nat sure to them to do Whan Iugurth had ioyned these soudyours to the garnison and socours of the towne and castell and had ordred apoynted all other thynges acordynge to his mynde than he promysed to be there agayne with them with all his hole army in tyme of nede This done he departed from the towne into the most preuy secret places which he knewe in his countrey therby But whan Metellus was in his iourney towarde zaman he sende Marius for prouision of whete and other corne vitayle for the army vnto a towne named Sicca whiche was the first towne that forsoke Iugurth was yelded to Marius after the batayle late foughten with Iugurth to his great damage Whan Iugurth had knowledge herof he went thyder by nyght priuely with his elect soudyors so that whan Marius had sped his maters was redy to departe forth of the towne Iugurth was redy at the gates to assayle the romayns cruelly cryeng with a hye voyce to them of the towne exhortynge them to assayle the romayns also on the backe halfe saynge that fortune had offred to them the chaunce of a noble act of an excellent glorious dede so that yf they wolde folowe his desyre they shulde restore hym agayne into his kyngdome themselfe into their libertie and from thensforth passe their tyme without peryll without danger or drede And certaynely if Marius had nat boldely and strongly broken out of the towne with his standerdes men of armes through the thickest of his ennemies whiche were in the gates All they of the towne or the most part wolde haue broken theyr oth and promesse whiche they had made before to Metellus whan they first yelded themselfe and the cite is hym The myndes of the Numidiens be so vnstedfast and mouable But Iugurth so conforted his soudyours that they resysted the romayns a lytell season But whaÌ„ Marius and his company began to encrease their violence agaynst the Iugurthyns and more fiersely to prease vpon them Anone some were slayne and the resydue fled with their maister Iugurth This daunger ouerpassed Marius departed thens towarde the towne of zaman and at the last came thyder safe with all his coÌ„pany and besynesse sped wherfore he was sent ¶ This Samam was a towne bylded in the playne grouÌ„de without hylles or waters nere it defended rather by the warke of mannes hande than by nature of the place In it fayled nothyng necessary to batayle For it was well garnissed both with men ordynaunce vitayls and armour Anone whan Marius was come Metellus acordynge to the tyme and place made redy all thynges necessary and compassed the walles on euery syde with his army assignynge to euery one of his vndercapitayns a separate place of the towne to assayle and there to do his deuoyre and shewe his manhode Whan euery thynge was thus ordred Metellus commaunded to sounde to the assaut with trumpettes and claâ—yons The romayns immediatly assayled the towne on euery syde with horryble noyse clamoure The Numidiens therof were nat a drad at all but abode styll and kept them selfe in sylence as if they had nat ben displeased nor prouoked to batayle howebeit they kept the walles euery man on the part to hym assigned all were redy to resyst to assayle the romayns Anone the batayle was begone The romayns exercysed and occupyed themselfe euery man with suche wepyn as he coud best handell and was most expert in some with slynges thrue plummettes of leed and some stones from a farre into the cyte and at them whiche defended the walles some assayled the towne nerer inuadyng the same and couetyng to haue entre and vndermyning the walles some boldly escaled walles desirynge to come so nere that they myght fyght hande to hand On the othersyde thinhabitauntes of the towne and garnyson resysted manly Some rowled downe and ouertourned great weyghty stones on suche as were nerest to them and that vndermyned the walles Some pytched downe vpon them dartes iauelyns pykes firebrandes and also great brennynge polles faggottes and blockys ouercouered with pytche and breÌ„stone ardenly flamyng Some boldly ouertourned the scalyng ladders and slewe ouerthrue suche as scaled the walles But some other whiche were farther from the towne and for prease coude nat approche nere to the walles in the meane season were nother fearfull nor ydell For there was no maner instrument of batayle whiche coude be throwen with hande or with any other ingyne of batayle but that they thrue it into the towne wherwith they wounded and slewe many of the inhabitantes and of the defenders of the walles The dartes and crosbowes on bothe parties were nat vnoccupyed Artellery nor gonnes had they none For at that tyme was no mencion of them nor they were nat yet inuent The romains which were farthest of all from the walles escaped nat fre but with
any thynge possible than to retourne home agayn ouercoÌ„e Wherfore the Carthaginenses desyred some other coÌ„dicion or apoyntment to be made indiffereÌ„t equall bytwene both the parties The CireneÌ„ses coÌ„sented therto put the CarthagineÌ„ses in choyse whyther they wold be quicke buryed in that same place whiche they desyred for their marches and bouÌ„des or els that the Cirenenses vnder the same coÌ„dicion shulde ê“cede forwarde to that place whiche they desyred for their marches and there to be quicke buryed vnder the same maner The .ii. bretherne both named Phylene alowed and graunted the coÌ„dicion subduyng abandonyng their bodyes to deth for the profet and we le of their contrey cite of Carthage and so were they buryed quicke Wherfore the Carthaginenses in the same place where they were buryed raysed halowed .ii. auters in worshyp remeÌ„brance of these two brethern which set more by encrese of their contrey than by their owne lyues These auters to this preseÌ„t day be called the Phylene auts after the name of the .ii. brethern named Phylenis therunder buryed as sayd is for wele of their contrey also besyde this memorial wtin the cite of Carthage were many other thingê ordayned to the gret honour of them remembrance of their worthy dede ¶ But nowe wyll I leaue this mater reteurne to my purpose ¶ How Iugurth assembled a newe army of the rude getulyans agaynst the romayns and how he associated vnto hym Bocchus kynge of the Mauriens to strengthe hym in batayle agaynst Metellus ¶ The .xlvii. chapyter WHan Iugurth had lost the citie of Thala one of the strongest cities of his lande as sayd is before than he consydred well that in all his kyngdome was no place stronge ynough to resyst the myght of Metellus Wherfore he hasted hym with a small coÌ„pany through desertes and great wyldernesse fleyng from his owne contrey And at last he came to the lande of Getulians whiche is a maner of people rude wylde without order or maners and at that season nought knowyng of the preemyneÌ„t honour fame of the romayne empire Of this people Iugurth assembled a multitude togyder and by lytell lytell enduced taught them by custome and exercyse to folowe the order of chyualry to kepe array to insue their standerdes to obey the coÌ„maundementes of their capitayns to discerne and haue knowlege of the signifiaunce of soundes of trumpettes and to obserue all other poyntes belongyng to warfare chyualry These thyngê with otherlike necessary to batayle Iugurth ceassed nat to prepare and ordayne with all diligence ¶ Moreouer he prouoked vnto his fauour and felowshyp by great rewardes moch gretter promises suche as were most nere frendes to Bocchus kyng of the maurieÌ„s by whose helpe he hymselfe went to the kyng Bocchus moche desyred hym in his quarell with hym to warre agaynst the romayns To this request of Iugurth Bocchus agreed somoch the more for asmoche as at first begynnynge of the same warre this Bocchus sent vnto Rome embassadours to desyre of the romayns amyte and a bonde of coÌ„tinuall peace bytwene hym them But nat withstandyng that this peticion peace was moche expedieÌ„t necessary to the romayns for diuerse coÌ„sideracions and namely bycause of this warre Nat the lesse it was nat grauÌ„ted by meane of a fewe such as at Rome blynded with auarice were wont to sell for money euery thyng both honest and dishonest Also befor this tyme the doughter of Iugurth was spoused to the sayed Bocchus But this bonde of frendshyp of affinite among the numidiÌ„es mauriens is reputed but of effect bycause they ar wont euery man to haue diuerse many wyues acordyng to their substaÌ„ce richesse Some .x. and some mo after as they ar of abylite or power to meÌ„tayne But the kyngê bycause they ar of most power substaÌ„ce therfore haue they mo than an other Thus is their mynde and fauour distract diuersly deuyded from all their wyues for the multitude of theÌ„ and bycause they haue so many so that they reserue none for their speciall bed felowe Wherfore they all ar reputed vyle lytell set by after one maner Thus the affinite bytwene these two kyngê Iugurth Bocchus was lytell set by and small thyng auayled in this besynesse Nat withstandynge both they their hoostes caÌ„e togyder in a place apoynted therto where after that they had gyuen taken fayth and trueth one to other of fidelite to be obserued bytwene them Iugurth greatly inhauÌ„ced lyfted vp the mynde of Bocchus with his wordes sayeng that the romains were iniust grounded in auarice without suffisance or measure And coÌ„men ennemies to euery man and to euery contrey and that they had asmoch quarell agaynst Bocchus as agaynst hym And one selfe cause to warre agaynst them both and also agaynst many other nacions whiche cause was but onely the pleasure of great lordshyp riches So that for the same cause all kyngdomes to theÌ„ were aduers coÌ„trary and that he hymselfe to them was enmy for the same cause And nat longe before that tyme the CarthagineÌ„ses and aftwarde Perses kyng of Macedony were subdued vndone by the romayns without any iust tytle or cause of batyle saue onely ambicion enuy whiche the romayns had agaynst them And that in tyme to come euery nacyon whiche shulde haue welth and richesse shuld become ennemies to the romayns for their inordynat pride in saciable couetyse ¶ With these wordes and otherlyke Iugurth moued the mynde of Bocchus agaynst the romayns In somoche that anone a day was apoynted bytwene bothe the kynges to procede forth togyder to the towne of Cyrtha and to assayle the same with both their powers conioyned This towne they purposed first of all to besige bycause Metellus had left with in the same towne his prayes and prisoners which he had taken of Iugurth And also moche of his owne ordynauÌ„ce had he left there to a voyde impedyment in his voyage Thus Iugurth thought most expedient to do For if the myght wyn the towne by assaut before the rescous of Metellus he thought that shuld be moost to his honour and profet Or els yf the romayne capitayne Metellus and his army shulde come to socours of the towne than thought he that there both hymselfe and Bocchus shuld gyue batayle to Metellus Iugurth for craft and subtylte hasted hereto somoche the more to tangle Bocchus in the warre before any place shulde be moued bytwene hym the romayns And lest the same Bocchus by proloÌ„gyng of the tyme myght rather encline to peace than to warre after he at leasour shuld haue taken better couÌ„sell and aduisement For Iugurth suspected at begynnynge that Metellus in processe of tyme wolde desyre this Bocchus nat to medyll in this warre assistyng the part of Iugurth nor mentayning his cause ¶ Howe Metellus vsed hymselfe herynge that these two kynges were confederat agaynst hym and how after he was certifyed
of this reward with a great multitude of people came to Iugurth and adioyned both their armies togyder in one ¶ At this tyme Marius with his coÌ„pany was in his iournay towarde the ê“uince which was in the coost of Affrike apartayned to thempire where the sayd Marius purposed to rest with his coÌ„pany tyl the wynter were past But whan he was in his iournay in leest dout Iugurth and Bocchus bothe togyder inuaded and set vpon hym and his men whan the tenth part of the day scarsly remayned This dyd they thynkinge that the nyght which was nere come shulde to them be great socour and defence if they were ouercome and if they dyd ouercome the romayns it shulde be to them no damage nor impediment bycause they knewe the contrey place better than the romains But on the other syde bothe these chaunces in darkenesse were harde and contrary to the romayns for they knewe nat the coostes of that countrey Marius anone had vnderstandyng of the coÌ„myng of his ennemies by many of his espyes but it was ouerlate For assone as he had worde his ennemies were euyn at hande In somoch that before the army coude be set in order or aray and or they coude remoue or gather togyder their baggage which at that tyme was abrode and before they coude take any coÌ„maundement of their captayne by worde or sounde of trumpettes The horsemen of the Maurians and of the Getulians ran togyder vpon them nat in order nor aray of batayle but by companyes and bendes togyder as it fortuned them to come togyder in heapes and clusters The romayns for the moost part were al amased and greuously abasshed for that sodayne and vnprouided feare Neuerthelesse they forgate nat their olde manhode streÌ„gth some drue them to their armour and other some whiche were armed alredy defended their felowes tyl they armed theÌ„selfe Other some mounted on horsebacke and boldly rode agaynst their ennemies and encountred them valyantly The fyght on both parties was more lyke a skirmysshe among brigandes and rouers than to any apoynted or ordred batayle For the horsmen fotemen were mengled togyder without standerdes cognysances or any ordynaunce aray or order The Maurians Numidyans were fierse on their syde Some of the romayns they beat downe and ouerthrue Some they wounded mortally And many they bereft vtterly of their lyues and slewe them in that place The remenant which sharpely and manly resysted they compased them about on euery syde and aswel behynde as before assayled them so that neyther manhode strength nor armour was able sufficiently to defende them And no maruel for their ennemies were mo in nombre than they and compased them about on euery syde of them But finally the romayne soudyours which were bothe of olde and newe and therfore bothe strong bolde and crafty in batayle gathered them as nere togyder as they myght And where it fortuned any nombre of them to mete togyder they tourned backe to backe ioyned them rounde one with an other in maner of a compase or cercle and so they saued defended themselfe togyder that on the backehalfe no man coude assayle them but yf he brake in through the myddes of them whiche was in maner impossible By this maner they sustayned the myght of their ennemies and also saued themselfe Nor their captayne Marius in this ieopardous and sharpe besynes was nat affrayed at al nor of lesse corage and boldnesse than he was before but styred about euery where in the batayle And his men of garde about hym whome he had chosen rather of the strongest and boldest men of the host than of such as were moost familier with hym For he set more by the audacite of them thaÌ„ by the familiarite of the other and namely in such a ieopardous case SoÌ„tyme he socoured his soudyours in their nede or such as he sawe in paryl And somtyme he ran in amonge his ennemies where they were thyckest And nat withstandyng their resystence he assayled them valiantly and wounded slewe and ouerthrue them on euery syde he dyed his weapen in the reed blode of the blacke Mauriens and Getuliens And bycause that in so harde a case and in so great and troublous noyse rumour he coude nat counsel nor confort his soudyours with his tong therfore he thought to counsel incorage and confort them with his hande gyuyng them example surely to bestowe their strokes Many of his ennemies sende he to hel cryeng in vayne vpon their ydoâ—les for helpe The dartes iauelyns pykes plumettes of leed stones with other suche instrumentes of batayle wer cast so thicke on both parties that the ayre therwith was indymed The strokes were so coursly charged on the bright helmes and harnesse that the fyre sprange out on euery syde so that it semed to be the lyghtnyng the cry of the men dyeng the neyeng of the horses and the dyn of the strokes with the sounde of the trumpettes was horryble and tedyous to here Thus continued they tyl the day lyght was passed and the nyght come The numidyans getulians and maurians desysted nor ceassed nothing for that But as both Iugurth and Bocchus before had warned coÌ„maunded them they continued more sharpely than before thynking that the darkenesse of the nyght shulde be for their auaÌ„tage Marius this vnderstaÌ„dyng toke counsel made best ê“uision for hymselfe his men whiche he myght in suche case and as the mater required And to thintent that his people myght haue some place to resort vnto for refuge socours he prouyded before and ocupyed two hylles nere togyder of whome the one was ouer narowe of lytel grouÌ„de to receyue his hole army tentes but in the top therof was a fayre fountayne of pure water moch necessary The other hyl was sufficieÌ„tly large to receyue his hole hoost and tentes and also very defensyue for it was of a great altitude and done right on euery syde Insomoche that they whiche shulde take that hyl were sure ynough without great defence of themselfe for nature had it sufficiently defended This wel considred Marius commaunded Sylla his vndercapten to take with hym al the horsmen and to tary that nyght about the smaller hyl where the fountayne was This done he hymselfe gathered togyder by lytel and lytel the remanent of his soudyours dispersed abrode their ennemies being nat lesse troubled than were they Whan Marius had thus assembled agayne his men togyder he led them all with ful cours vp vnto the larger hyl Thus the two kynges Iugurth Bocchus seyng it in vayne to fyght with theÌ„ whiche were on the hyer grouÌ„de and also on so sure a place were coÌ„strayned to leaue the fyght for difficultie of the place which the romayns had taken But neuertheles in the meane tyme they suffred nat their men to depart far thens but compased bothe the hylles rouÌ„d about with their hole multitude there taryed rested shed abrode vpon the ground
IN mean tyme whyle this fiers assaute and victorie was concluded at this castel a famous lorde of Rome named Lucius Sylla tresourer of the army came from Rome to Marius with a great bende of horsmen Whome the same Marius at his departyng from Rome had left there to rayse and assemble socours vnto the war among the Italiens and other nacions frendes and louers of thempire of Rome ¶ But forasmoch as the matter moueth vs to make mencion of so worthy a man and of his disposicion and maners therfore it semeth me conuenient in this part somwhat to write of his behauour conuersacion and that as brefely as I may conueniently namely for two causes The first for that I intende nat to make relacion of his behauour maners in any other place of this cronycle saue here Secondly for asmoche as none other authour hath written sufficyently of hym For howe beit that one hystoriagraph named Lucius Sisenna wrote most dyligently and best of his actes of any other before neuertheles me semeth that he spake lytel acordynge to trueth nor indyfferently For his tong nor pen were nat at lyberte for asmoch as he was soÌ„what in danger to the sayd Sylla wherby he was prohibyted to say or to write acordyng to the trueth For what by fauour what by fere he durst nat touche playnly the vices which were in hym But here I purpose all fauour and fere layd a part indifferenly to write of him ¶ This Sylla of progeny was descended of moost noble stocke of the remaiÌ„s Howbeit the name of his auncetry was almost lost and decayed by dulnesse negligence and slouth of some of his lynage In greke and in laten he was of lyke connyng and excellently seen in both the langages His mynde was great and bolde of courage Of voluptous pleasours he was desyrous but moche more desyrous of glory laude In vacant leser he was moch enclined to the lustes of his body But suche pleasure or voluptuousnes dyd neuer let nor withholde hym from any besynesse or ocupacion necessary howbeit such pleasure so blynded hym that he toke no wyse of byrth maners and honestie coÌ„uenient for his estate He was moch eloquent of speche crafty subtyll ynough He had the wayes easely to get frendshyp and it was also no maistry to get freÌ„dshyp of hym in fayning dissimulyng and counterfaytinge of besynesses his wytte was very hye and excellent He was a marueylous incredyble gyuer of many thynges but specially of money and before the warre and victory which the noble men of Rome had agaynst the coÌ„men people He was so noble worthy reputed that it is in maner incredyble nor his good fortune neuer passed the policy of his wyt in somoche that many men were in dout whyther he was more fortunate than strong But after the victory of this warre so vngoodly was his demeanour so cruel that verily I knowe nat whyther I may more be asshamed or greued to write it or to speke therof For after that this warre of Numidy was ended both Marius this Sylla were retourned to Rome a great discorde fel bytwene the lordes coÌ„mens Marius toke part with the coÌ„mons but Sylla toke part with the lordes and at last droue Marius forthe of the citie After that an other man of great power called Cynna whiche had ben fyue tymes coÌ„sull of Rome gathered an hoost of men and toke part with Marius agaynst this Sylla But at coÌ„clusion Sylla ouercame hym in batayle and slewe hym After this Sylla cruelly murdred an other noble man of Rome named Caius â—arbo and with hym yonge Marius sone of this Marius which warred in Numidy Last of al whan this Sylla had won victory ouer Marius his fauourers than became he most cruel of al other in somoch that he fylled al the citie with blod of the citezins But here wyl I leaue to speke farther of this Sylla or of his behauour iÌ„ cruelte and returne to write of his behauour in this warre of Numidy vnder Marius ¶ After that this Sylla as I haue sayd before was come to Affrike to the hoost of Marius with his coÌ„pany of horsemen within short season he became most expert in chiualry crafty aboue al other howbeit before this tyme he was but rude ignorant of dedes of chiualry And moreouer he treted gouerned his soudyours with maners mekenes And gaue rewardes to many to some whiche desyred hym and to some other of his owne pleasure non desyred therto But he wolde take no rewardes nor gyftes agayne without it were agaynst his wyl And if he so dyd at any tyme agaynst his wyl than was he more redy to gyue agayne that which was gyuen to hym than to pay that money which he had borowed of other He demaunded nothyng agayne of any man though it were due and det to hym but rather he laboured and endeuored hymselfe that many myght be in his det and by suche meanes to haue them bounde to hym And how beit that he was one of the grettest of Rome yet disdayned he nat the coÌ„pany of the most symple soudyours of the hoost but coÌ„muned and acompanyed with them both in sportes in sadnes In labours he was alway redy In batayle in watchyngê with other besynes of warre he suffred no man to be before hym Nor iÌ„ the meane season he neyther hurt the good name of the coÌ„sul nor of none other good man which thing men desyrous of worshyp honour be often wont to do for in dispraysing of other they thinke to obtayne great laude to theÌ„selfe He onely laboured that none might passe hym neyther in counsel nor in might or manhod of his handê But he passed many By whiche maners condicions in short tyme he became very dere wel beloued nat onely to Marius but also to al the hoost ¶ How Marius preuayled in batayle agaynst both the two kynges Iugurth and Bocchus ¶ The .lvi. chapyter BVt whan Iugurth had lost the towne of Capsa as is sayd before and dyuerse other fortresses and other places defensyues which to hym were profitable And also a great quantite of his treasour wherin he moost trusted Anone he sent messangers to kyng Bocchus requiryng hym in al hast to come to Numidy and to bryng his army with hym sayng that it was hye tyme to make batayle with Marius But whan he vnderstode that Bocchus prolonged the tyme in ouerlong taryeng hauyng dyuers coÌ„syderations of peace and warre as he that was in dout of the chaunce and fortune of the ende therof Iugurth agayne corrupted the next of his counsel with gyftes in lykewse as he had done before and promysed vnto the kyng Bocchus hymselfe the thirde part of the kyngdome of Numidy if the romayns were dryuen out of Affrike or yf the war shulde be brought to ende without losse or diminisshyng of his kyngdome and marches therof The kyng Bocchus induced with hope