where_o both_o the_o archbishop_n brithwald_n and_o wilfrid_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n nobles_z and_o these_o two_o king_n be_v present_a wherein_o donationes_fw-la omnes_fw-la confirmatae_fw-la sunt_fw-la all_o these_o their_o donation_n and_o charter_n be_v confirm_v and_o likewise_o in_o another_o synod_n at_o london_n an._n 712._o a_o most_o pregnant_a evidence_n that_o these_o king_n charter_n and_o donation_n though_o ratify_v by_o the_o pope_n himself_o be_v not_o valid_a nor_o obligatory_a to_o their_o successor_n or_o people_n without_o their_o common_a consent_n to_o and_o confirmation_n of_o they_o in_o a_o general_a parliamentary_a council_n of_o the_o prelate_n noble_n clergy_n and_o laity_n even_o by_o the_o pope_n and_o these_o king_n own_o confession_n and_o practice_n in_o that_o age_n 716._o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 716._o 852._o ethelbald_a king_n of_o mâ—rcians_n by_o his_o charter_n give_v to_o god_n the_o bless_a virgin_n saint_n bartholomew_n &_o kenulphus_n the_o whole_a isle_n of_o croyland_n to_o build_v a_o monastery_n and_o confirm_v it_o to_o they_o for_o ever_o free_a from_o all_o rent_n and_o secular_a service_n &_o inde_fw-la charâ—am_fw-la svam_fw-la in_o praesenâ—ia_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la 10._o procerumque_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la securam_fw-la statuit_fw-la all_o his_o bishop_n and_o noble_n of_o his_o realm_n assent_v to_o and_o ratify_v this_o charter_n of_o he_o both_o with_o the_o subscription_n of_o their_o â—_z aâ—d_a sign_n of_o the_o cross_n as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n that_o so_o it_o may_v be_v firm_a and_o irrevocable_a be_v his_o demesne_a land_n which_o charter_n be_v at_o large_a record_v in_o the_o history_n of_o ingulphus_n 720._o about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 720._o 586._o some_o fabulous_o write_v that_o king_n ina_n take_v guala_n daughter_n of_o cadwalladeâ—_n last_o king_n of_o the_o briton_n to_o wife_n with_o who_o he_o receive_v wales_n and_o cornwall_n and_o the_o bless_a crown_n of_o britain_n whereupon_o all_o the_o english_a that_o then_o be_v take_v they_o wife_n of_o the_o briton_n race_n and_o all_o the_o briton_n take_v they_o wife_n of_o the_o illustrious_a blood_n of_o the_o english_a and_o saxon_n 6â—_n which_o be_v do_v per_n common_a concilium_fw-la et_fw-la assensum_fw-la omnium_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la ac_fw-la principuruâ—_n procerum_fw-la comitâ—m_fw-la et_fw-la omnium_fw-la sapientum_fw-la seniorum_fw-la et_fw-la populorum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la assemble_v â—oâ—â—â—her_n in_o a_o general_n parliamentary_a council_n et_fw-la per_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la regis_fw-la inae_fw-la whereby_o they_o become_v one_o nation_n and_o people_n afâ—er_v which_o they_o all_o call_v that_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n which_o before_o be_v call_v the_o realm_n of_o britain_n and_o they_o all_o ever_o after_o stand_v together_o unite_v in_o one_o for_o common_a profit_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o with_o a_o unanimous_a consent_n most_o fierce_o fight_v against_o the_o dane_n and_o norwegian_n and_o wage_v most_o cruel_a war_n with_o they_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o their_o country_n land_n and_o liberty_n an._n 705._o king_n anglâ—_n ina_n by_o his_o royal_a charter_n 725._o grant_v and_o confirm_v many_o land_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o glastonbury_n endow_v that_o abbey_n and_o the_o land_n thereto_o belong_v with_o many_o large_a and_o great_a privilege_n exempt_n they_o from_o all_o episcopal_a jurisdiction_n and_o from_o all_o regal_a exaction_n and_o service_n which_o be_v accustom_v to_o be_v except_v and_o reserve_v to_o wit_n from_o expedition_n and_o building_n and_o repair_v of_o castle_n or_o bridge_n from_o which_o they_o shall_v inviolable_o remain_v free_a and_o exempt_v 10._o and_o from_o all_o the_o promulgation_n and_o perâ—urbations_n of_o arch-bishop_n and_o bishop_n which_o privilege_n be_v former_o grant_v and_o confirm_v by_o the_o ancient_a charter_n of_o his_o predecessor_n kenewalcus_fw-la kentwin_n ceadwalla_n and_o baldred_n this_o charter_n of_o his_o be_v make_v and_o ratify_v by_o the_o consent_n and_o subscription_n not_o only_o of_o king_n ina_n himself_o but_o also_o of_o queen_n edelâ—urâ—â—â—_n â—_z king_n baldrâ—d_n adelard_n the_o queen_n bâ—oâ—herâ—_n consentientibus_fw-la etiam_fw-la omnibus_fw-la britannish_a regibus_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la ducibus_fw-la atque_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la all_o the_o king_n archbishop_n bishop_n duke_n and_o abbot_n of_o britain_n consent_v likewise_o thereuntoâ—_n â—_z many_o of_o which_o subscribe_v their_o name_n unto_o it_o be_v assemble_v in_o a_o parliamentary_a council_n for_o that_o end_n 727._o king_n 765._o ina_n in_o the_o year_n 727._o travel_v to_o rome_n build_v thâ—re_o a_o school_n for_o the_o english_a to_o be_v instruct_v in_o the_o faith_n grant_v towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o english_a scholar_n there_o a_o penny_n out_o of_o every_o house_n within_o hâ—s_n realm_n 6._o call_v romescot_n or_o peterpence_n to_o be_v pay_v towards_o it_o every_o year_n all_o which_o thing_n and_o tax_n that_o they_o may_v continue_v firm_a for_o perpetuity_n statutum_n eâ—t_v generaâ—â—â—ecreâ—o_v etc._n etc._n be_v confirm_v by_o a_o general_a decree_n of_o a_o parliamentary_a council_n of_o â—is_n realm_n then_o hold_v for_o that_o purpose_n of_o which_o 71._o before_o more_o large_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 742._o there_o be_v 21._o a_o great_a 742._o parliamentary_a council_n hold_v at_o clovesho_n or_o clyffe_n where_o ethelbald_a king_n of_o mercia_n sit_v precedent_n with_o cuthbert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n sit_v together_o with_o they_o diligent_o examine_v thing_n necessary_a concern_v religion_n and_o studious_o search_v out_o of_o the_o ancient_a creed_n and_o institution_n of_o the_o holy_a father_n how_o thing_n be_v order_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o equity_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o church_n birth_n in_o england_n while_o they_o be_v inquire_v after_o these_o thing_n and_o the_o ancient_a privilege_n of_o the_o church_n at_o last_o there_o come_v to_o their_o hand_n the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n which_o king_n wither_a have_v graâ—ted_v to_o the_o church_n in_o kent_n 5.10_o which_o be_v read_v before_o all_o by_o king_n ethelbalds_n command_n they_o be_v all_o very_a well_o please_v therewith_o and_o say_v unanimous_o that_o there_o can_v not_o be_v find_v any_o so_o noble_a and_o so_o prudent_a a_o decree_n as_o this_o former_o make_v touch_v ecclesiastical_a discipline_n and_o therefore_o hoc_fw-la ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la firmari_fw-la sanxerunt_fw-la decree_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v confirm_v by_o they_o all_o whereupon_o king_n ethelbald_n for_o the_o salvation_n of_o his_o soul_n and_o stability_n of_o his_o kingdom_n confirm_v and_o subscribe_v with_o his_o own_o munificent_a hand_n that_o the_o liberty_n honour_n authority_n and_o security_n of_o christ_n church_n in_o all_o thing_n shall_v be_v deny_v by_o no_o person_n but_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v free_a from_o all_o secular_a service_n with_o all_o the_o land_n pertain_v thereunto_o except_o expedition_n and_o build_n of_o bridge_n and_o castle_n and_o like_v as_o the_o say_a king_n wither_a himself_n ordain_v those_o privilege_n shall_v be_v observe_v by_o he_o and_o he_o so_o he_o and_o this_o council_n command_v they_o shall_v continue_v irrefragable_o and_o immutable_o in_o all_o thing_n and_o if_o any_o of_o our_o successor_n king_n bishop_n or_o prince_n shall_v attempt_v to_o infringe_v this_o wholesome_a decree_n let_v he_o render_v a_o account_n to_o almighty_a god_n in_o that_o terrible_a day_n but_o if_o any_o earl_n priests_z clerk_z deacon_n or_o monk_n shall_v resist_v this_o decree_n let_v he_o be_v deprive_v of_o his_o degree_n and_o sequester_v from_o the_o participation_n of_o the_o body_n &_o blood_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o alienate_v from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o god_n unless_o he_o shall_v amend_v with_o due_a satisfaction_n what_o he_o have_v unjust_o do_v through_o the_o evil_a of_o pride_n 197._o anno_fw-la 747._o 747._o there_o be_v another_o parliamentary_a council_n hold_v at_o clovesho_n or_o clyâ—fe_n under_o king_n ethelbald_n where_o the_o king_n himself_o with_o cuthbeâ—t_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n eleven_o other_o bishop_n cum_fw-la principibus_fw-la et_fw-la ducibus_fw-la with_o the_o prince_n and_o duke_n be_v present_a in_o this_o council_n be_v some_o ecclesiastical_a law_n and_o canon_n make_v the_o last_o whereof_o be_v for_o prayer_n to_o be_v public_o make_v for_o king_n and_o prince_n incessant_o that_o the_o people_n may_v live_v a_o godly_a and_o peaceable_a life_n under_o their_o pious_a protection_n in_o this_o council_n king_n ethelbald_n renew_v and_o enlarge_v his_o former_a grant_n of_o privilege_n to_o the_o church_n recite_v at_o large_a in_o the_o marginal_a author_n the_o sum_n whereof_o be_v this_o 12._o plerumque_fw-la contingere_fw-la solet_fw-la pro_fw-la incertâ_fw-la futurotum_fw-la temporum_fw-la vicissitudine_fw-la ut_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la prius_fw-la multorum_fw-la fidelium_fw-la personarum_fw-la testimonio_fw-la consilioque_fw-la roborata_fw-la fuissent_fw-la ut_fw-la fraudulenter_n
if_o our_o monkish_a historian_n may_v be_v credit_v frustrate_v this_o design_n for_o though_o the_o queen_n and_o her_o complice_n out_o of_o their_o transcendent_a malice_n which_o o_o that_o some_o of_o late_a time_n have_v not_o overmuch_o imitate_v inimicitias_fw-la quas_fw-la viventi_fw-la ingesserunt_fw-la in_o mortuum_fw-la protelantes_fw-la sepelierunt_fw-la â—um_fw-la sine_fw-la regio_fw-la honore_fw-la apud_fw-la warhamâ—_n ut_fw-la sicut_fw-la vitam_fw-la ejus_fw-la extinxerant_fw-la ita_fw-la et_fw-la nomen_fw-la ejus_fw-la extinguerent_fw-la 8._o hic_fw-la vero_fw-la compertum_fw-la est_fw-la contra_fw-la divinam_fw-la providentiam_fw-la non_fw-la sufficere_fw-la pravum_fw-la cor_fw-la hominis_fw-la et_fw-la inscrutabile_fw-la quem_fw-la enim_fw-la perfidi_fw-la terris_fw-la abjicerant_fw-la deus_fw-la coelo_fw-la gloriosè_fw-la suscepit_fw-la et_fw-la memoriae_fw-la aeternae_fw-la insignivit_fw-la eum_fw-la dominus_fw-la cujus_fw-la mentionem_fw-la proditores_fw-la obnubulare_fw-la studuerant_fw-la but_o mark_v the_o sad_a sequel_n of_o this_o prodigious_a regicide_n proditione_n gentis_fw-la suae_fw-la perfidae_fw-la thus_o register_v by_o 357._o henry_n huntindon_n a_o impartial_a historian_n ind_n dominus_fw-la iterum_fw-la ad_fw-la iram_fw-la provocatus_fw-la est_fw-la et_fw-la plus_fw-la solito_fw-la irritatus_fw-la genti_fw-la pessimae_fw-la malum_fw-la inextricabile_fw-la confer_v cogitavit_fw-la et_fw-la quod_fw-la facere_fw-la paraverat_fw-la non_fw-la distulit_fw-la veneruntque_fw-la dani_n et_fw-la operuerunt_fw-la angliam_fw-la quasinubes_fw-la coeli_fw-la to_o which_o 61._o william_n of_o malmsbury_n subjoin_v creditumque_fw-la et_fw-la celebritèr_fw-la vulgatumâ—_n quod_fw-la propter_fw-la elfridae_fw-la in_o edwardum_fw-la insolentiam_fw-la multo_fw-la post_fw-la tempore_fw-la tota_fw-la patria_fw-la servitutem_fw-la infremuisset_fw-la barbaricam_fw-la take_v the_o sum_n of_o his_o reign_n murder_n saintship_n in_o these_o word_n of_o 362._o abbot_n ethelred_n translato_fw-la ad_fw-la coelestia_fw-la regna_fw-la rege_fw-la eadgaroâ—_n in_fw-la reâ—no_fw-la terreno_fw-la filius_fw-la ejus_fw-la edwardus_fw-la successit_fw-la qui_fw-la injust_a ab_fw-la impâ—â—s_fw-la interfectus_fw-la tum_fw-la 〈…〉_z tum_fw-la ob_fw-la mortis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d tatem_fw-la sancti_fw-la nomen_fw-la et_fw-la meritum_fw-la deo_fw-la donante_fw-la promeruit_fw-la being_n afterward_o translate_v to_o shaftsbury_n and_o there_o honourable_o enshrine_v king_n edward_n be_v thus_o treacherous_o murder_v on_o the_o 17_o day_n of_o april_n 979._o anno_fw-la 978._o when_o he_o have_v reign_v only_o 3._o year_n and_o 8._o month_n by_o hereditary_a succession_n thereupon_o on_o the_o 8._o of_o may_v 979._o his_o half-brother_n 46â—_n ethelred_n be_v crown_v king_n at_o kingston_n by_o both_o the_o archbishop_n dunstan_n and_o oswald_n and_o ten_o bishop_n more_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o noble_n much_o against_o dunstan_n will_n and_o although_o ethelred_n so_o much_o lament_v his_o brother_n murder_n be_v then_o but_o a_o child_n of_o ten_o year_n old_a not_o active_a to_o promote_v this_o treacherous_a plot_n and_o so_o detest_a it_o that_o his_o mother_n elfrida_n in_o a_o rage_n whip_v he_o for_o it_o with_o candle_n for_o want_n of_o a_o rod_n which_o make_v he_o abhor_v candle_n all_o his_o life_n yet_o dunstan_n full_a of_o a_o prophetical_a spirit_n at_o the_o very_a time_n of_o his_o coronation_n tell_v he_o that_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n together_o with_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n shall_v suffer_v grievous_a tribulation_n all_o his_o reign_n use_v these_o word_n then_o unto_o he_o because_o thou_o have_v aspire_v to_o the_o kingdom_n by_o the_o death_n of_o thy_o brother_n who_o thy_o mother_n murder_v therefore_o hear_v the_o word_n of_o the_o lord_n thus_o say_v the_o lord_n the_o sword_n and_o blood_n shall_v not_o depart_v from_o thy_o house_n nor_o from_o the_o nation_n but_o shall_v rage_v against_o thou_o all_o the_o day_n of_o thy_o life_n slay_v thy_o séed_n until_o thy_o kingdom_n shall_v be_v translate_v to_o another_o realm_n and_o nation_n who_o custom_n and_o language_n that_o nation_n over_o which_o thou_o reign_v know_v not_o quâ—_n eos_fw-la in_o ulâ—imâ—m_fw-la redâ—gat_fw-la servitutem_fw-la who_o shaâ—â—_n reduce_v they_o into_o the_o extreme_a bondage_n for_o conspire_v with_o thy_o ignominious_a mother_n against_o the_o blood_n of_o thy_o brother_n neither_o shaâ—â—_n thy_o fin_n nor_o the_o sin_n of_o thy_o mother_n nor_o the_o sin_n of_o those_o who_o be_v privy_a to_o her_o wicked_a counsel_n that_o they_o may_v stretch_v out_o a_o hand_n against_o the_o lord_n anoint_v to_o slay_v he_o 8._o be_v expiate_v but_o by_o a_o long_a revenge_n and_o much_o effusion_n of_o blood_n which_o according_o come_v to_o pass_n and_o let_v all_o other_o who_o it_o concern_v most_o near_o with_o our_o whole_a english_a nation_n now_o serious_o remind_v it_o this_o prophecy_n be_v present_o after_o second_v with_o a_o prodigious_a cloud_n spread_v and_o see_v over_o all_o england_n sundry_a night_n which_o appear_v sometime_o bloody_a other_o time_n fiery_a and_o then_o change_v itself_o into_o divers_a sort_n of_o flashing_n and_o colour_n vanish_v about_o the_o morning_n the_o very_a next_o year_n follow_v the_o barbarous_a dane_n invade_v england_n burn_v southampton_n kill_v and_o carry_v away_o prisoner_n almost_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o after_o which_o they_o infest_a and_o waste_v the_o isle_n of_o ten_v and_o city_n of_o west-chester_n invade_v england_n every_o year_n with_o new_a force_n till_o they_o have_v lay_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n desolate_a expel_v king_n ethelred_n with_o his_o queen_n and_o child_n into_o foreign_a patt_n and_o possess_v themselves_o both_o of_o the_o crown_n and_o realm_n as_o absolute_a sovereign_n and_o here_o before_o i_o proceed_v further_o i_o can_v but_o take_v special_a notice_n of_o god_n admirable_a retaliate_a justice_n inflict_v upon_o some_o of_o our_o saxon_a usurp_v regicide_n and_o their_o posterity_n worthy_a our_o sad_a contemplation_n life_n king_n edgar_z as_o i_o touch_v before_o injurious_o usurp_v upon_o his_o elder_a brother_n king_n edwin_n and_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n deprive_v he_o of_o half_a his_o crown_n and_o kingdom_n at_o first_o and_o of_o his_o whole_a realm_n if_o not_o life_n too_o at_o last_o but_o within_o few_o year_n after_o by_o god_n avenge_a hand_n his_o best_a belove_a elder_a son_n and_o heir_n king_n edward_n to_o who_o he_o bequeath_v the_o crown_n at_o his_o death_n be_v first_o oppose_v in_o his_o succession_n and_o soon_o after_o most_o treacherous_o butcher_v by_o his_o own_o queen_n and_o young_a son_n who_o invade_v the_o crown_n by_o his_o slaughter_n king_n edgar_z treacherous_o slay_v earl_n ethelwold_n as_o you_o have_v read_v to_o espouse_v his_o wife_n elfreda_n &_o crown_v she_o for_o his_o best_a belove_a queen_n who_o no_o doubt_n be_v consent_v to_o if_o not_o the_o contriver_n of_o his_o murder_n as_o he_o be_v hunt_v in_o worel_n forest._n and_o she_o to_o requite_v this_o murder_n kills_z his_o own_o son_n and_o heir_n king_n edward_n as_o he_o come_v from_o hunt_v in_o a_o forest_n not_o very_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o same_o place_n elfere_fw-la earl_n of_o mercia_n the_o queen_n chief_a counsellor_n and_o instrument_n to_o murder_v and_o dethrone_v king_n edward_n who_o he_o stab_v to_o death_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n as_o malmesbury_n record_v though_o to_o expiate_v this_o crime_n he_o soon_o after_o honourable_o translate_v his_o corpse_n from_o warham_n to_o shaftsbury-minster_n yet_o by_o god_n avenge_a wrath_n about_o a_o year_n after_o his_o whole_a body_n be_v eat_v up_o of_o louse_n and_o worm_n so_o that_o he_o die_v most_o miserable_o queen_n alfrida_n the_o chief_a plotter_n of_o this_o murder_n soon_o after_o the_o fact_n be_v strike_v with_o such_o horror_n of_o conscience_n for_o this_o bloody_a regicide_n that_o to_o pacify_v the_o pang_n thereof_o and_o expiate_v the_o guilt_n of_o his_o cry_a blood_n she_o build_v two_o monastery_n at_o almesbury_n and_o warwel_o and_o cast_v off_o her_o royal_a robe_n and_o state_n enter_v into_o the_o late_a of_o they_o where_o she_o afflict_v herself_o with_o sackcloth_n fast_v weep_a and_o severe_a penance_n unto_o the_o day_n of_o her_o death_n bewail_v this_o bloody_a crime_n all_o the_o remainder_n of_o her_o life_n the_o whole_a english_a nation_n who_o be_v either_o consenter_n to_o or_o overgreat_a conniver_n at_o their_o sovereign_n murder_n which_o they_o never_o public_o question_v nor_o revenge_v be_v not_o only_o strike_v consume_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o plague_n and_o strange_a disease_n but_o incessant_o invade_v oppress_v spoil_v captivate_v conquer_v murderated_a and_o almost_o quite_o extirpate_v by_o the_o barbarous_a dane_n who_o usurp_v the_o sovereignty_n over_o they_o for_o three_o generation_n be_v make_v a_o spectacle_n of_o divine_a justice_n both_o to_o angel_n and_o man._n as_o for_o king_n ethelred_n himself_o though_o then_o a_o infant_n he_o purchase_v nothing_o else_o by_o his_o brother_n blood_n but_o a_o crown_n of_o thorn_n and_o care_n live_v in_o perpetual_a war_n care_n fear_n want_n distress_n be_v cross_v in_o all_o his_o design_n war_n by_o
per_fw-la contumaciam_fw-la plurimorum_fw-la &_o machinamentis_fw-la simulationis_fw-la sine_fw-la ullâ_fw-la consideratione_n rationis_fw-la periculosâ—_n dissipata_fw-la essent_fw-la nisi_fw-la auctoritate_fw-la literarum_n &_o testimonio_fw-la cyrographorum_fw-la aeternae_fw-la memoriae_fw-la inserta_fw-la sint_fw-la quapropter_fw-la ego_fw-la ethelbaldus_fw-la rex_fw-la merciorum_fw-la pro_fw-la amore_fw-la caelestis_fw-la patriae_fw-la hanâ—_n donationem_fw-la i_o vivente_fw-la concedo_fw-la ut_fw-la omne_fw-la monasteria_fw-la &_o ecclesiae_fw-la regni_fw-la mei_fw-la a_fw-la publicis_fw-la vectigalibus_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la operibus_fw-la oneribusque_fw-la absolvantur_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o instructionibus_fw-la arcium_fw-la vel_fw-la ponâ—ium_fw-la quae_fw-la nulli_fw-la unquam_fw-la possint_fw-la laxari_fw-la as_o ingulph_n render_v it_o or_o as_o other_o copy_n nisi_fw-la sola_fw-la quae_fw-la communiter_fw-la fruenda_fw-la sint_fw-la omnique_fw-la populo_fw-la edicto_fw-la râ—gis_fw-la facienda_fw-la jubentur_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la instructionibus_fw-la pontium_fw-la vel_fw-la necessariis_fw-la defensionibus_fw-la arcium_fw-la contra_fw-la â—ostes_n non_fw-la sunt_fw-la renuenda_fw-la sed_fw-la nec_fw-la hoc_fw-la praetermittendum_fw-la est_fw-la cum_fw-la necessarium_fw-la constat_fw-la ecclesiis_fw-la dei._n praeterea_fw-la habeant_fw-la famuli_fw-la dei_fw-la propriam_fw-la libertatem_fw-la in_o proficuis_fw-la sylvarum_n in_o fructu_fw-la agrorum_fw-la in_fw-la captura_fw-la piscium_fw-la nec_fw-la munuscula_fw-la praebeant_fw-la regi_fw-la vel_fw-la principibus_fw-la nisi_fw-la voluntaria_fw-la sed_fw-la liberi_fw-la domino_fw-la serviant_fw-la in_fw-la contemplatione_fw-la pacificâ_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la meum_fw-la usque_fw-la in_o aevum_fw-la sed_fw-la cunctas_fw-la rribulationes_fw-la quae_fw-la nocere_fw-la vel_fw-la impedire_fw-la possint_fw-la in_o domo_fw-la dei_fw-la omnibus_fw-la principibus_fw-la sub_fw-la meâ_fw-la potestate_fw-la degentibus_fw-la demittere_fw-la &_o auferre_fw-la praecipio_fw-la quatenus_fw-la sublimitas_fw-la regni_fw-la mei_fw-la prosperis_fw-la successibus_fw-la polleat_fw-la in_o â—erris_fw-la &_o meritorum_fw-la manipuli_fw-la multipliciter_fw-la maturescant_fw-la in_o coelis_fw-la qui_fw-la vero_fw-la haec_fw-la benigna_fw-la mentis_fw-la intention_n at_o que_fw-fr in-laesâ_a cogitation_n custodierit_n aeternâ_fw-la claritate_fw-la coronetur_fw-la ornetur_fw-la glorificetur_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la hoc_fw-la quod_fw-la absit_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la personae_fw-la tyrannica_fw-la cupiditate_fw-la instinctus_fw-la contrà _fw-la hanc_fw-la donationis_fw-la charâ—ulam_fw-la saeculari_fw-la potentiâ_fw-la fretus_fw-la venire_fw-la nititur_fw-la sit_fw-la sub_fw-la anathemate_fw-la judae_fw-la proditoris_fw-la domini_fw-la nostri_fw-la jesus_n christi_fw-la ad_fw-la confirmandum_fw-la verò_fw-la hoc_fw-la nostrae_fw-la beneficentiae_fw-la munus_fw-la he_o teâ—â—es_fw-la adfuerunt_fw-la &_o nostri_fw-la magistrarus_fw-la optimates_fw-la et_fw-la deuce_n fidelissimique_fw-la amici_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la et_fw-la scripseruut_n then_o follow_v the_o subscription_n of_o the_o king_n bishop_n and_o noble_n with_o ego_fw-la his_fw-la statutis_fw-la consentiens_fw-la subscripsi_fw-la confirmandoque_fw-la signum_fw-la crucis_fw-la aravi_fw-la in_o this_o â—77â—_n council_n among_o other_o synodal_n decree_v subscribe_v by_o the_o bishop_n it_o be_v decree_v that_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n gregory_n the_o pope_n and_o st._n augustine_n the_o english_a apostle_n shall_v be_v perpetual_o observe_v with_o great_a solemnity_n 5â—_n king_n ethelbald_n with_o his_o noble_n be_v there_o present_a and_o approve_v it_o in_o the_o year_n of_o grace_n 752._o 752._o cuthred_a king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n be_v unable_a to_o endure_v the_o proud_a exaction_n and_o insolence_n of_o king_n ethelbald_n for_o vindication_n of_o his_o own_o and_o his_o people_n liberty_n from_o his_o oppression_n raise_v a_o army_n and_o fight_v a_o bloody_a battle_n wiâ—h_v he_o at_o beorford_n where_o through_o god_n assistance_n who_o give_v grace_n to_o the_o humble_a and_o resist_v the_o proud_a he_o rout_v he_o and_o his_o whole_a army_n and_o after_o an._n 755._o slay_v he_o in_o a_o second_o battle_n he_o disdain_v to_o fly_v by_o the_o treachery_n of_o bernred_n his_o captain_n the_o chief_a author_n of_o his_o death_n king_n 28._o cuthred_a decease_a sigibert_n his_o kinsman_n who_o succeed_v he_o grow_v insolent_a and_o proud_a by_o his_o predecessor_n great_a success_n 4._o become_v intolerable_a to_o his_o subject_n treat_v they_o very_o ill_o in_o every_o kind_n deprave_v or_o alter_v the_o law_n of_o his_o ancestor_n 756._o for_o his_o own_o private_a luere_fw-la 4._o and_o exercise_v exaction_n and_o cruelty_n upon_o his_o subject_n set_v aside_o all_o law_n whereupon_o his_o faithful_a counsellor_n earl_n cumbra_n ove_o admonish_a he_o to_o govern_v his_o people_n more_o mild_o and_o just_o that_o so_o he_o may_v become_v amiable_a to_o god_n and_o man_n he_o be_v so_o incense_v with_o he_o that_o he_o command_v he_o most_o wicked_o to_o be_v slay_v and_o become_v more_o cruel_a and_o tyrannical_a to_o his_o people_n than_o before_o the_o peâ—râ—_n and_o commons_o hereupon_o see_v their_o law_n and_o liberty_n thus_o violate_v and_o their_o estate_n and_o live_v every_o day_n in_o danger_n be_v incense_v into_o fury_n assemble_v themselves_o together_o do_v all_o unamimous_o rise_v up_o in_o arm_n against_o he_o and_o upon_o mature_a prudent_a deliberation_n by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o expel_v he_o the_o kingdom_n for_o his_o tyranny_n and_o mis-governmenr_a upon_o which_o sigebert_n fly_v into_o the_o wood_n for_o shelter_n like_o a_o forlorn_a person_n be_v there_o slay_v by_o cumbra_n his_o swineherd_n in_o revenge_n of_o his_o master_n murder_n florentius_n wigorniensis_n relate_v that_o after_o his_o expulsion_n from_o the_o realm_n by_o the_o noble_n for_o the_o multitude_n of_o his_o unjust_a deed_n kenulphus_n allot_v he_o the_o county_n of_o hampshire_n for_o his_o maintenance_n until_o he_o slay_v earl_n cumbra_n such_o be_v the_o charity_n and_o humanity_n of_o those_o time_n even_o to_o a_o expel_v depose_v tyrannical_a king_n now_o quite_o out_o of_o date_n with_o who_o ethelwerdus_n hist._n l._n 2._o c._n 17._o and_o polychronicon_n l._n 5._o c._n 24._o accord_n some_o of_o our_o historian_n especial_o eâ—helwerdus_n and_o wigorniensis_n relate_v that_o kenulphus_n usurp_v the_o crown_n by_o mere_a force_n of_o arm_n first_o draw_v the_o noble_n and_o people_n to_o rise_v up_o against_o and_o expel_v sigebert_n for_o his_o exorbitant_a action_n and_o the_o multitude_n of_o his_o unjust_a deed_n and_o then_o usurp_v the_o throne_n be_v not_o of_o the_o blood_n royal_a as_o malmesbury_n relate_v though_o of_o a_o noble_a family_n but_o they_o all_o 278.279_o unanimous_o record_n that_o he_o come_v to_o a_o miserable_a end_n upon_o this_o occasion_n when_o he_o have_v reign_v 31_o year_n with_o honour_n and_o good_a success_n be_v puff_v up_o therewith_o and_o fear_v lest_o kinearâ—us_n sigiberts_n brother_n who_o begin_v to_o be_v potent_a shall_v revenge_v his_o brother_n death_n upon_o he_o and_o dispossess_v he_o or_o his_o posterity_n of_o the_o crown_n he_o banish_v and_o compel_v he_o to_o depart_v his_o kingdom_n who_o thereupon_o give_v way_n to_o the_o time_n voluntary_o sle_z out_o of_o his_o dominion_n but_o soon_o after_o secret_o draw_v together_o through_o private_a conventicle_n a_o band_n of_o desperate_a man_n he_o find_v a_o opportunity_n to_o fall_v upon_o kenulphus_n when_o he_o go_v with_o a_o few_o follower_n to_o visit_v his_o paramour_n at_o merton_n where_o he_o beset_a the_o house_n round_o slay_v the_o king_n with_o all_o his_o follower_n the_o fame_n of_o which_o act_n come_v to_o his_o noble_n and_o soldier_n not_o far_o from_o the_o place_n they_o upon_o exhortation_n of_o esric_n the_o chief_a of_o they_o not_o to_o let_v pass_v the_o death_n of_o their_o lord_n unrevenged_a to_o their_o notorious_a and_o perpetual_a infamy_n furious_o â—ncountred_v keneardus_fw-la and_o his_o complice_n and_o notwithstanding_o all_o their_o fair_a promise_n of_o money_n &_o preferment_n to_o they_o and_o all_o entreaty_n after_o a_o sharp_a bloody_a encounter_n put_v they_o all_o to_o the_o sword_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o some_o of_o their_o own_o life_n ecce_fw-la quomodo_fw-la dei_fw-la justitia_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la futuro_fw-la saeculo_fw-la 2._o verum_fw-la etiam_fw-la in_o isto_fw-la digna_fw-la meritis_fw-la manifesto_fw-la judicio_fw-la recompensat_fw-la 8._o etc._n etc._n add_v henry_n huntindon_n roger_n hoveden_n john_n bromton_n malmesbury_n and_o other_o as_o a_o corollary_n to_o this_o history_n of_o sigibert_n and_o kenulphus_n which_o all_o traitor_n tyrant_n and_o usurper_n tread_v in_o their_o exorbitant_a footstep_n may_v do_v well_o advise_o to_o consider_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 758._o 758._o 274._o the_o people_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o mâ—rcia_n rise_v up_o against_o their_o king_n bernred_n because_o he_o govern_v they_o not_o by_o just_a law_n but_o by_o tyranny_n assemble_v all_o together_o in_o one_o as_o well_o noble_a as_o ignoble_a and_o offa_n be_v their_o captain_n tâ—ey_v expel_v he_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o thenâ—_n by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o as_o well_o clergy_n as_o people_n they_o crown_v offa_n king_n this_o bernred_n as_o malmesbuâ—y_n speeâ—_n and_o simeon_n dunelmensis_n write_v treacherous_o murder_v king_n ethelbald_a his_o sovereign_n
and_o there_o fast_v 8_o day_n space_n but_o then_o send_v a_o great_a army_n into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o this_o murtherea_fw-la prince_n seize_v on_o &_o unite_v it_o to_o his_o own_o empire_n but_o god_n exemplary_a vengeance_n pursue_v this_o heinous_a bloody_a treachery_n notwithstanding_o all_o his_o seigned_a magnify_a saintship_n and_o work_n of_o charity_n and_o piety_n for_o within_o one_o year_n after_o this_o bloody_a fact_n commit_v both_o queendreda_n offa_n and_o their_o son_n egfrid_n the_o only_a joy_n and_o pride_n of_o his_o parent_n all_o die_v and_o his_o very_a kingdom_n itself_o be_v translate_v from_o the_o mercian_n to_o the_o westsaxon_n who_o he_o have_v conquer_v and_o oppress_v o_o that_o all_o man_n of_o blood_n and_o unjust_a invader_n of_o other_o crown_n realm_n possession_n by_o war_n bloodshed_n and_o treachery_n will_v serious_o consider_v this_o precedent_n with_o all_o other_o of_o this_o nature_n both_o at_o home_n and_o abroad_o collect_v to_o their_o hand_n by_o sir_n walter_n raugh_o in_o his_o excellent_a preface_n before_o his_o famous_a history_n of_o the_o world_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 797._o 797._o 632._o cynwolfe_n or_o kenulph_n king_n of_o westsaxon_n hold_v a_o council_n wherein_o he_o with_o his_o bishop_n una_fw-la cum_fw-la caterva_fw-la satraparum_fw-la and_o likewise_o with_o a_o great_a company_n of_o his_o noble_n there_o assemble_v write_v a_o letter_n to_o lullus_n bishop_n of_o mentz_n touch_v some_o matter_n of_o religion_n then_o in_o debâ—â—e_n 6._o in_o the_o 406._o year_n 798._o 798._o the_o three_o of_o king_n kenulph_n his_o reign_n there_o be_v a_o great_a parliamentary_a synod_n assemat_n pinchamhalch_n wherein_o eanbaldus_n or_o embaldus_fw-la archbishop_n of_o york_n sit_v precedent_n with_o very_a many_o wise_a and_o great_a man_n by_o who_o wisdom_n and_o justice_n the_o kingdom_n of_o northumberland_n be_v then_o much_o advance_v and_o renown_a who_o after_o they_o have_v debate_v many_o thing_n concern_v the_o benefit_n of_o holy_a church_n and_o profit_n of_o all_o the_o province_n of_o the_o people_n of_o northumberland_n the_o observation_n of_o easter_n and_o of_o divine_a and_o secular_a law_n the_o increase_n of_o good_a service_n 6_o and_o the_o honour_n and_o necessity_n of_o the_o servant_n of_o god_n rehearse_v and_o ratify_v the_o faith_n oâ—_n the_o 5_o first_o general_n council_n concern_v the_o trinity_n in_o brief_a and_o pithy_a expression_n sit_v now_o to_o be_v revive_v in_o these_o time_n of_o heresy_n and_o blasphemy_n the_o 798._o same_o year_n there_o be_v another_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o â—acancâ—ld_n wherein_o kenulph_n king_n of_o mercian_n sit_v precedent_n athelardus_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 17_o other_o bishop_n sundry_a abbot_n archdeacon_n and_o other_o fit_a person_n be_v there_o likewise_o present_a wherein_o by_o the_o command_n of_o popâ—_n leo_n it_o be_v decree_v that_o from_o thenceforth_o no_o layman_n shall_v exercise_v dominion_n over_o the_o lord_n inheritance_n and_o church_n but_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v govern_v by_o holy_a canon_n and_o the_o rule_n of_o their_o first_o founder_n and_o possessor_n under_o pain_n of_o excommunication_n and_o that_o christchurch_n in_o canterbury_n 9.10_o shall_v be_v restore_v to_o its_o ancient_a metropolitan_a jurisdiction_n which_o all_o the_o prelate_n and_o abbot_n confirm_v with_o their_o subscription_n and_o this_o year_n this_o king_n consecrate_v the_o church_n of_o winchelcumbe_n endow_v it_o with_o great_a gift_n and_o possession_n in_o a_o kind_n of_o parliamentary_a assembly_n of_o 13_o bishop_n and_o 10_o duke_n where_o he_o manumit_v and_o set_v free_a at_o the_o high_a altar_n edbert_n king_n of_o kent_n surname_v pren_n who_o he_o have_v take_v prisoner_n in_o battle_n moreover_o eanbaldus_n archbishop_n of_o york_n this_o year_n assemble_v a_o synod_n at_o finchale_n most_o likely_a for_o the_o assistance_n of_o eardulfus_n king_n of_o northumberland_n against_o duke_n wadus_fw-la and_o other_o conspirator_n who_o rise_v up_o against_o he_o who_o he_o vanquish_v and_o utter_o rout_v after_o a_o long_a and_o bloody_a battle_n at_o bilingeho_n where_o many_o be_v slay_v on_o both_o side_n which_o history_n matthew_n westminster_n couple_n with_o this_o synod_n an._n 798._o 799._o 2212._o king_n kenulph_n in_o the_o year_n 799._o by_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o bishop_n and_o prince_n at_o the_o request_n of_o athelardus_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n restore_v to_o christ-church_n in_o canterbury_n four_o parcel_n of_o land_n which_o king_n offa_n have_v former_o take_v from_o it_o 10._o and_o give_v to_o his_o servant_n free_a from_o all_o secular_a service_n and_o regal_a tribute_n ratify_v this_o restitution_n by_o his_o charter_n sign_v with_o the_o cross_n that_o it_o may_v remain_v inviolable_a by_o their_o concurrent_a assent_n there_o be_v a_o provincial_a council_n hold_v at_o clovesâ—o_n or_o 800._o clyffe_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 800._o by_o kenulf_n king_n of_o mercian_n atâ—elardus_n athelwerdus_fw-la archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o all_o the_o bishop_n duke_n abbot_n &_o â—â—juscunque_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la viâ—os_fw-la and_o man_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o dignity_n where_o after_o some_o inquity_n how_o the_o catholic_a faith_n be_v keep_v and_o christian_a religion_n practise_v among_o they_o the_o land_n which_o king_n ofâ—a_n and_o â—ing_n kenulph_n have_v forcible_o take_v away_o from_o christ-church_n with_o the_o nunnery_n of_o cotham_n and_o the_o hide_v of_o land_n call_v burnam_n be_v synodali_n judicio_fw-la by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o council_n restore_v to_o christ-church_n et_fw-la omnium_fw-la voce_fw-la decretum_fw-la est_fw-la and_o it_o be_v decree_v by_o the_o voice_n of_o all_o the_o council_n upon_o sight_n of_o the_o book_n and_o deed_n there_o produce_v before_o they_o by_o the_o archbishop_n that_o it_o be_v just_a cotham_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o christ-church_n be_v give_v to_o it_o by_o king_n aethelbald_n 6â—_n by_o his_o charter_n of_o which_o it_o have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n unjust_o be_v spoil_v notwithstanding_o the_o frequent_a complaint_n make_v by_o archbishop_n bregwin_n and_o jambert_n in_o every_o of_o their_o synod_n in_o hoc_fw-la concilio_n annuente_fw-la ipso_fw-la rege_fw-la athelardus_n recuperavit_fw-la dignitates_fw-la &_o possessioâ—es_fw-la quas_fw-la offa_n râ—x_fw-la merciorum_fw-la abstulerat_fw-la jamberto_n write_v gervasius_n after_o which_o the_o archbishop_n in_o this_o council_n make_v this_o exchange_n with_o cynedritha_n than_o abbess_n of_o cotham_n that_o she_o and_o her_o successor_n shall_v enjoy_v all_o the_o land_n and_o nunnery_n of_o cotham_n in_o lieu_n whereof_o she_o shall_v give_v to_o he_o one_o hundred_o and_o ten_o hide_n of_o land_n in_o kent_n lie_v in_o fleot_n tenaham_n and_o creges_fw-la together_o with_o all_o the_o write_n thereto_o belong_v which_o exchange_n be_v make_v before_o confirm_v and_o attest_v by_o this_o noble_a synod_n that_o so_o no_o controversy_n may_v arise_v between_o they_o their_o heir_n and_o successor_n or_o king_n offa_n be_v in_o future_a time_n concern_v the_o same_o but_o that_o they_o may_v peaceable_o enjoy_v they_o without_o interruption_n for_o ever_o and_o moreover_o the_o archbishop_n give_v unto_o cynedrytha_n the_o monastery_n call_v pretanege_v which_o king_n egfâ—id_v give_v to_o he_o &_o his_o heir_n which_o prove_v the_o great_a council_n and_o synod_n in_o that_o age_n to_o be_v parliament_n and_o that_o they_o judicial_o restore_v land_n unjust_o take_v away_o by_o king_n upon_o complaint_n examination_n anâ—_n due_a proof_n make_v thereof_o as_o well_o as_o inquire_v oâ—_n error_n and_o abuse_n in_o religion_n in_o â—his_fw-la council_n â—_o conceive_v iâ—_n be_v that_o 797._o kenulph_n with_o his_o bishop_n duke_n et_fw-la omni_fw-la sub_fw-la nostra_fw-la ditione_n dignatis_fw-la gradu_fw-la count_v and_o 〈◊〉_d letter_n to_o pope_n leo_n the_o three_o promise_v obedience_n to_o his_o command_n reâ—uestingâ—_n that_o the_o ancient_a canon_n may_v be_v observe_v and_o the_o jurisdiction_n and_o power_n of_o the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n which_o king_n ofâ—a_n and_o pope_n adrian_n have_v diminish_v and_o divide_v â—â—to_o two_o province_n or_o archbishopric_n may_v be_v restore_v and_o unite_v again_o thereto_o to_o avoid_v scism_n and_o crave_v the_o pope_n answer_n to_o these_o their_o request_n which_o he_o return_v in_o a_o special_a letter_n to_o the_o king_n restore_v to_o athelardus_n and_o his_o successor_n the_o bishopric_n substract_v from_o his_o province_n with_o the_o metropolitan_a jurisdiction_n over_o they_o as_o ample_o as_o before_o 802._o 805._o hereupon_o in_o the_o year_n 802._o or_o thereabouts_o there_o be_v another_o parliamentary_a council_n assemble_v at_o clovesho_n wherein_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o litchfield_n be_v dissoluâ—d_v the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n restore_v to_o its_o former_a plenary_a metropolitical_a jurisdiction_n according_a to_o pope_n leo_n his_o decree_n by_o the_o advice_n and_o decree_n of_o the_o whole_a council_n which_o command_v in_o the_o
he_o with_o ten_o thousand_o man_n he_o march_v to_o hegelsdun_n and_o surround_v it_o that_o none_o may_v escape_v thence_o whereupon_o king_n edmund_n fly_v to_o the_o church_n and_o cast_v down_o his_o temporal_a arm_n humble_o pray_v the_o father_n son_n and_o holy_a ghost_n to_o give_v he_o constancy_n in_o his_o passion_n then_o the_o danish_a soldier_n seize_v on_o he_o bring_v he_o from_o the_o church_n before_o hinguar_n by_o who_o command_n he_o be_v tie_v to_o a_o tree_n hard_a by_o cruel_o whip_v a_o long_a time_n then_o shoot_v through_o with_o dart_n wherewith_o his_o body_n be_v stick_v full_a after_o which_o be_v take_v from_o the_o tree_n his_o head_n be_v cut_v off_o from_o his_o body_n with_o a_o bloody_a sword_n by_o the_o barbarous_a executioner_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o so_o he_o die_v a_o most_o glorious_a martyr_n for_o his_o kingdom_n country_n subject_n and_o religion_n to_o who_o memory_n a_o famous_a monastery_n be_v after_o build_v of_o which_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n de_fw-fr gestis_fw-la regum_fw-la l._n 2._o c._n 13._o p._n 89._o give_v this_o relation_n quibus_fw-la artibus_fw-la edmundus_n ita_fw-la sibi_fw-la omnis_fw-la britanniae_fw-la de_fw-la vinxit_fw-la incolas_fw-la ut_fw-la beatum_fw-la se_fw-la in_o primis_fw-la astruat_fw-la qui_fw-la coenobium_fw-la illius_fw-la vel_fw-la nummo_fw-la vel_fw-la valenti_fw-la illustraret_fw-la ipsi_fw-la quoque_fw-la reges_fw-la aliorum_fw-la domini_fw-la seruos_fw-la se_fw-la illius_fw-la gloriantuâ—_n &_o coronam_fw-la ei_fw-la regiam_fw-la misâ—itant_fw-la magno_fw-la si_fw-la uti_fw-la volunt_fw-la redimente_n commercio_fw-la exactores_fw-la vectigalium_fw-la qui_fw-la alibi_fw-la bacchantur_fw-la fas_fw-la nefasque_fw-la juxta_fw-la metientes_fw-la ibi_fw-la supplices_fw-la 1._o cira_fw-la 〈…〉_z sancti_fw-la 〈◊〉_d â—â—ondiâ—_n litigationes_fw-la sistunt_fw-la experti_fw-la multorum_fw-la paenam_fw-la qui_fw-la perseverandum_fw-la putarunt_fw-la which_o i_o wiâ—h_v our_o tax-exactor_n and_o exciâ—ers_n wouâ—d_v now_o remember_v 870._o while_o the_o dane_n be_v thus_o waste_v the_o kingdom_n of_o northumberland_n and_o the_o east-saxons_a with_o fire_n and_o sword_n and_o martyr_a king_n edmund_n 911._o beorred_a king_n of_o mercian_n be_v buâ—â—ed_v in_o war_a against_o the_o britain_n who_o infest_a the_o western_a part_n of_o his_o realm_n but_o hear_v the_o dane_n have_v invade_v the_o eastern_a part_n of_o his_o kingdom_n he_o come_v to_o london_n and_o gather_v a_o great_a army_n together_o marching_z wiâ—h_o iâ—_n through_o the_o eastern_a quarter_n of_o his_o realm_n he_o apply_v the_o whole_a isle_n of_o ely_n to_o his_o exchequer_n take_v into_o his_o hand_n all_o the_o land_n former_o belong_v to_o the_o monastery_n oâ—_n medehamsted_n 4._o lie_v between_o stamford_n huntindon_n and_o wisebeck_n assign_v the_o land_n more_o remote_a lie_v scatter_v through_o the_o country_n to_o his_o souldiersâ—_n the_o like_a he_o do_v with_o the_o land_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o st._n pega_n of_o rikirk_n retain_v certain_a of_o thâ—m_n to_o himself_o and_o give_v some_o of_o they_o to_o his_o soldier_n and_o the_o like_a do_v he_o with_o the_o land_n of_o all_o other_o monastery_n destroy_v total_o by_o the_o dane_n who_o land_n by_o law_n 19_o escheat_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o those_o lord_n who_o predecessor_n foundeâ—_n and_o endow_v â—hem_n by_o the_o slaughter_n and_o chase_v away_o of_o all_o the_o monk_n &_o nun_n &_o burn_a of_o the_o monastery_n who_o land_n thereupon_o be_v reâ—umed_v and_o confiscate_v to_o the_o king_n exchequer_n et_fw-la cum_fw-la cetera_fw-la monasteria_fw-la per_fw-la danorum_fw-la feâ—ocitatem_fw-la funditus_fw-la destructa_fw-la regali_fw-la fisco_fw-la fuerant_fw-la ascripta_fw-la denuo_fw-la et_fw-la assumpta_fw-la omnibus_fw-la monachis_fw-la eoruâ—_n necatis_fw-la perditis_fw-la seu_fw-la penitus_fw-la fugatis_fw-la as_o ingulphus_n inform_v we_o of_o the_o reaâ—on_n yet_o many_o of_o the_o monk_n of_o croyland_n escape_v the_o dane_n fury_n and_o return_v soon_o after_o thither_o again_o elect_v a_o new_a abbot_n and_o repair_v their_o monastery_n by_o degree_n as_o well_o as_o that_o exigency_n will_v permit_v thereupon_o they_o enjoy_v the_o sight_n of_o the_o whole_a abbey_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o croylanâ—_n with_o the_o self_n same_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n they_o have_v from_o the_o beginning_n dischardged_a from_o all_o secular_a service_n during_o all_o the_o time_n of_o this_o their_o desolation_n &_o the_o danish_a war_n till_o the_o time_n of_o its_o restoration_n &_o after_o that_o till_o ingulphus_n time_n as_o he_o record_v notwithstanding_o because_o many_o of_o the_o monk_n be_v slay_v and_o the_o abbey_n burn_v down_o &_o demolish_v by_o the_o dane_n king_n â—eorred_v thereupon_o seize_v some_o of_o their_o land_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n &_o give_v other_o of_o their_o land_n more_o remote_a from_o the_o abbey_n to_o his_o stipendiary_a soldier_n and_o although_o venerable_a abbot_n godric_n take_v very_o much_o pain_n frequent_o demand_v restitution_n of_o they_o both_o from_o king_n beorred_a &_o his_o soldier_n and_o very_o ofâ—en_o show_v the_o charter_n of_o the_o donor_n &_o the_o confirmation_n of_o foâ—mer_a king_n together_z with_o his_o own_o proper_a charter_n to_o this_o king_n yet_o he_o receive_v always_o nothing_o but_o empty_a word_n from_o &_o him_z they_o whereupon_o he_o at_o last_o utter_o despair_v of_o their_o restitution_n perceive_v therefore_o the_o overmuch_a malice_n of_o the_o time_n et_fw-la militiam_fw-la disease_n regis_fw-la terrarum_fw-la cupidissimam_fw-la and_o the_o king_n militia_n and_o soldier_n most_o covetous_a of_o land_n he_o resolve_v with_o himself_o in_o conclusion_n to_o pass_v by_o these_o royal_a donation_n surdo_fw-la temporeâ—_n in_o a_o deaf_a time_n be_v over-glad_a &_o rejoice_v that_o the_o king_n grace_n have_v grant_v the_o whole_a island_n lie_v round_o about_o the_o monastery_n unto_o it_o free_a and_o discharge_v from_o all_o regal_a exaction_n much_o more_o special_o to_o he_o then_o at_o that_o time_n which_o have_v not_o happen_v to_o many_o other_o monastery_n there_o depart_v therefore_o at_o that_o time_n from_o the_o monastery_n of_o croyland_n these_o possession_n which_o never_o return_v to_o this_o present_a day_n the_o manor_n of_o spalding_n give_v to_o earl_n adelwuâ—fe_n with_o all_o its_o appurtinance_n the_o manor_n of_o deeping_n give_v to_o langâ—er_n a_o knight_n 4._o or_o soldier_n and_o the_o king_n baker_n with_o all_o its_o appurtenance_n the_o manor_n of_o croxton_n give_v to_o fernod_n a_o knight_n or_o soldier_n the_o king_n ensign-bearer_n with_o all_o its_o appurtenance_n the_o manor_n of_o kerketon_n and_o kimerby_n in_o lindesy_n with_o all_o their_o appurtenance_n give_v to_o earl_n turgot_n but_o bukenhale_n and_o halington_n then_o appropriate_v to_o the_o exchequer_n be_v afterward_o restore_v to_o the_o say_a monastery_n by_o the_o industry_n of_o turketulus_n abbot_n of_o croyland_n and_o the_o gift_n of_o most_o pious_a king_n edred_n the_o restorer_n of_o themâ—_n with_o 12_o other_o manor_n name_v by_o ingulf_n belong_v to_o croyland_n quas_fw-la rex_fw-la beorredus_fw-la fisco_fw-la svo_fw-la aâ—sumserat_fw-la which_o king_n beor_v have_v then_o assume_v in_o his_o exchequer_n after_o which_o k._n beor_v pass_v with_o his_o army_n into_o lindesey_n latissimas_fw-la terras_fw-la monâ—sterio_n bardney_n total_o ruin_v by_o the_o dane_n dudum_fw-la pertinentes_fw-la â—isco_fw-la svo_fw-la accepit_fw-la remotas_fw-la vero_fw-la in_o diversis_fw-la patriâ—s_fw-la divisas_fw-la â—acentes_fw-la militibus_fw-la suis_fw-la dedit_fw-la but_o mark_v the_o issue_n at_o last_o 256._o the_o dane_n return_v into_o mercia_n anno_fw-la 874._o waste_a and_o spoil_v all_o the_o country_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n and_o destroy_v all_o church_n and_o monastery_n king_n beor_v when_o he_o behold_v all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n in_o every_o corner_n thereof_o waste_v with_o the_o slaughter_n and_o rapine_n of_o these_o barbarian_n vel_fw-la de_fw-la victoriâ_fw-la desperans_fw-la vel_fw-la â—ot_n laborum_fw-la labyrinthum_fw-la fastidiens_fw-la either_o despair_a of_o victory_n or_o loathe_v the_o labyrinth_n of_o so_o many_o trouble_n leave_v the_o kingdom_n and_o go_v to_o rome_n where_o he_o die_v few_o day_n after_o and_o be_v there_o bury_v in_o the_o english_a school_n and_o his_o wife_n follow_v after_o he_o die_v in_o her_o way_n to_o rome_n some_o write_v 874._o he_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n by_o the_o dane_n hereupon_o the_o 417._o dane_n anno_fw-la 874._o substitute_v in_o his_o place_n in_o the_o realm_n of_o mercia_n one_o ceolwulfus_fw-la a_o servant_n of_o king_n beorred_n a_o englishman_n by_o nation_n sed_fw-la barbarus_fw-la impietate_fw-la but_o a_o barbarian_a in_o impiety_n for_o he_o swear_v fealty_n and_o give_v pledge_n to_o the_o dane_n quod_fw-la tributa_fw-la imposita_fw-la eye_n â—idelitèr_fw-la persolveret_fw-la that_o he_o will_v faithful_o pay_v unto_o they_o the_o tribute_n they_o impose_v and_o that_o whensoever_o they_o will_v redemand_v the_o kingdom_n commit_v to_o he_o he_o will_v resign_v it_o without_o any_o resistance_n under_o pain_n of_o lose_v his_o
his_o predecessor_n and_o defraud_v the_o kingdom_n of_o they_o they_o add_v hereunto_o that_o king_n edrid_n have_v commit_v all_o his_o chief_a householdstuff_n plate_n record_n and_o tâ—e_v treasure_n of_o all_o the_o realm_n with_o all_o the_o magazine_n he_o have_v get_v to_o dunstan_n custody_n and_o lay_v â—hem_n up_o in_o â—he_n monastery_n at_o glastonbury_n yea_o he_o commit_v his_o kingdom_n body_n and_o soul_n unto_o he_o so_o as_o all_o be_v whole_o in_o dunstan_n power_n who_o alone_o manage_v all_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o exercise_v regal_a authority_n and_o when_o king_n edred_n in_o his_o sickness_n demand_v all_o his_o householdstuff_n jewel_n money_n and_o treasure_n from_o he_o dunstan_n pretend_v to_o fetch_v they_o before_o he_o return_v with_o they_o dustan_n hear_v a_o voice_n as_o our_o monkish_a writer_n fable_n that_o edred_n be_v dead_a in_o the_o lord_n and_o thereupon_o detain_v they_o in_o his_o and_o his_o monk_n custody_n be_v unwilling_a to_o part_v with_o they_o to_o young_a king_n edwin_n his_o successor_n whereupon_o he_o seize_v on_o they_o by_o force_n as_o of_o righâ—_n belong_v to_o he_o and_o expel_v dunstan_n with_o his_o monk_n and_o so_o much_o the_o rather_o because_o dunstan_n presume_v most_o impudent_o and_o violent_o to_o rush_v into_o his_o bedchamber_n and_o pull_v he_o out_o forcible_o thence_o on_o the_o very_a day_n of_o his_o coronation_n contrary_a to_o all_o christian_a and_o princely_a modesty_n from_o the_o embrace_n of_o his_o beautiful_a and_o belove_a alfgina_fw-la which_o some_o monk_n and_o these_o historian_n report_n to_o be_v his_o lawful_a wife_n â—not_v his_o concubine_n and_o not_o content_a therewith_o he_o excite_v odo_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n public_o to_o divorce_v she_o from_o he_o some_o say_v for_o consanguinity_n only_o and_o other_o for_o other_o reason_n whereupon_o the_o king_n betake_v himself_o to_o his_o concubine_n odo_n suspend_v he_o from_o the_o church_n excommunicate_v all_o his_o concubine_n cause_v one_o of_o they_o who_o the_o king_n best_o affect_v to_o be_v violent_o fetch_v out_o of_o the_o court_n with_o arm_a man_n brand_v she_o in_o the_o forehead_n with_o a_o hot_a iron_n and_o then_o banish_v she_o into_o ireland_n after_o which_o she_o return_v into_o england_n odo_n apprehend_v she_o the_o second_o time_n and_o cut_v off_o her_o sinew_n at_o the_o hock-bone_n all_o which_o intolerable_a affront_v so_o incense_v edwin_n that_o he_o banish_v and_o spoil_v dunstan_n with_o his_o monk_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o threaten_v odo_n with_o severe_a punishment_n none_o other_o in_o the_o realm_n but_o these_o dare_v then_o to_o oppose_v he_o hereupon_o they_o former_o and_o then_o bear_v the_o great_a sway_n by_o way_n of_o revenge_n and_o to_o preveut_fw-fr edwin_n further_a fury_n against_o they_o stir_v up_o the_o mercian_n and_o northumbrian_n to_o reject_v he_o and_o that_o in_o a_o tumultuous_a manner_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n in_o which_o uproar_v edgar_n gain_v possession_n of_o half_a his_o kingdom_n life_n matthew_n parker_n and_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n out_o of_o he_o subjoin_v that_o by_o these_o civil_a dissension_n raise_v between_o king_n edwin_n and_o his_o brother_n edgar_n they_o much_o weaken_v the_o force_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o many_o set_a battle_n fight_v between_o they_o till_o at_o last_o edgar_n get_v the_o better_a convocato_fw-la ad_fw-la branfordiam_fw-la regni_fw-la concilio_fw-la fratris_fw-la edwini_fw-la acta_fw-la et_fw-la decreta_fw-la rescendit_fw-la assemblong_o a_o council_n at_o brandford_n he_o repeal_v all_o the_o act_n and_o decree_n of_o his_o brother_n king_n edwin_n restore_v to_o the_o church_n and_o monastery_n the_o treasure_n he_o have_v take_v from_o they_o 5._o recall_v dunstan_n from_o his_o former_a banishment_n and_o make_v he_o first_o bishop_n of_o worcester_n then_o of_o london_n and_o last_o of_o all_o of_o canterbury_n 2313._o henry_n 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this_o young_a man_n tyrannici_fw-la facti_fw-la offensam_fw-la in_o patrem_fw-la sedulitate_fw-la regiâ_fw-la in_o filium_fw-la allevans_fw-la write_v
vix_fw-la aliquis_fw-la id_fw-la possit_fw-la persolvere_fw-la quapropter_fw-la omnibus_fw-la qui_fw-la prius_fw-la adventum_fw-la ejus_fw-la desiderabant_fw-la magnopere_fw-la factus_fw-la est_fw-la exosus_fw-la summopere_fw-la anno_fw-la 1041._o hardecnute_a king_n of_o england_n huscarlas_n missit_fw-la per_fw-la omnes_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la provincias_fw-la or_o ministros_fw-la suos_fw-la per_fw-la omnes_fw-la fine_n regni_fw-la destinavit_fw-la send_v his_o officer_n through_o all_o the_o county_n &_o part_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o exact_v and_o collect_v the_o tribute_n which_o he_o have_v impose_v without_o spare_v any_o and_o to_o furnish_v his_o mariner_n with_o all_o necessary_n from_o thence_o two_o of_o which_o officer_n faeder_n and_o turstin_n exact_v this_o importable_a tribute_n with_o great_a rigour_n and_o cruelty_n from_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o county_n and_o city_n of_o worcester_n be_v thereupon_o tumultuous_o slay_v by_o they_o in_o a_o monastery_n 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hardecnute_a be_v sudden_o take_v out_o of_o this_o world_n without_o issue_n 1042._o by_o divine_a justice_n on_o the_o 6_o day_n of_o june_n anno_fw-la 1042._o thereupon_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o england_n immediate_o â—fter_o his_o death_n assemble_v together_o in_o a_o great_a council_n about_o the_o election_n of_o a_o new_a king_n wherein_o grafton_n omnes_fw-la anglorum_fw-la magnates_fw-la ad_fw-la invicâ—m_fw-la tractantes_fw-la de_fw-fr communi_fw-la concilio_n et_fw-la juramento_fw-la statuerunt_fw-la quod_fw-la nunquam_fw-la temporibus_fw-la futuris_fw-la aliquis_fw-la dacus_n super_fw-la eos_n in_o anglia_fw-it regnaret_fw-la &_o hoc_fw-la maximâ—_n pro_fw-la contemptibus_fw-la quos_fw-la angli_fw-la à _fw-la dane_n saepiuâ—_n accâ—perunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o the_o chronicle_n of_o bromton_n &_o other_o inform_v we_o all_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o english_a treat_v together_o decree_v by_o common_a advice_n which_o they_o ratify_v with_o a_o oath_n that_o in_o 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and_o franchise_n grant_v by_o the_o glorious_a king_n edward_n 3._o that_o they_o knyghton_n prescribe_v the_o due_a payment_n of_o tithe_n to_o god_n and_o his_o minister_n as_o well_o personal_a as_o praedial_a under_o ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a penalty_n be_v grant_v and_o consent_v unto_o a_o rege_fw-la et_fw-la baronibus_fw-la et_fw-la populo_fw-la 4._o that_o the_o knyghton_n cause_n and_o plea_n of_o the_o church_n ought_v first_o to_o be_v hear_v &_o end_v in_o court_n and_o council_n before_o any_o other_o knyghton_n justitia_fw-la enim_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la deus_fw-la ubique_fw-la prae_fw-la caeteris_fw-la honoretur_fw-la 5._o that_o they_o thus_o define_v danegild_n 9_o danegaldi_n redditio_fw-la propter_fw-la piratas_fw-la primitus_fw-la statuta_fw-la est_fw-la patriam_fw-la enim_fw-la infestantes_fw-la vastationi_fw-la ejus_fw-la pro_fw-la posse_fw-la svo_fw-la insistebant_fw-la ad_fw-la eorum_fw-la quidem_fw-la insolentiam_fw-la reprimendam_fw-la statutum_n est_fw-la danegaldum_fw-la annuatim_fw-la reddi_fw-la scilicet_fw-la duodecim_fw-la denarios_fw-la de_fw-la unaquaque_fw-la hida_n totius_fw-la patriae_fw-la ad_fw-la conducendos_fw-la eos_fw-la qui_fw-la piratarum_fw-la eruptioni_fw-la resistendo_fw-la obviarent_fw-la to_o which_o hoveden_n knyghton_n lambard_n and_o other_o subjoin_v de_fw-fr hoc_fw-la quoque_fw-la danegaldo_n omnis_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la libera_fw-la est_fw-la &_o quieta_fw-la &_o omnis_fw-la terra_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o proprio_fw-la dominico_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la erat_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la jacebat_fw-la nihil_fw-la prorsus_fw-la in_o tali_fw-la redemptione_n persolvens_fw-la quia_fw-la magis_fw-la in_o ecclesiae_fw-la confidebant_fw-la orationibus_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o armorum_fw-la defensionibus_fw-la usque_fw-la tempora_fw-la willielmi_n junioris_fw-la qui_fw-la ruffus_n vocabatur_fw-la donec_fw-la eodem_fw-la a_o baronibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la auxilium_fw-la requirente_fw-la ad_fw-la normanniam_fw-la requirendam_fw-la &_o retinendam_fw-la de_fw-fr roberto_n svo_fw-la fratre_fw-la cognomine_fw-la cortehose_fw-mi jerusalem_fw-la proficiscente_fw-la concessum_fw-la est_fw-la et_fw-la non_fw-la lege_fw-la sancitum_fw-la neque_fw-la confirmatum_fw-la sed_fw-la hac_fw-la necessitatis_fw-la causa_fw-la ex_fw-la unaquaque_fw-la hida_fw-la sibi_fw-la dari_fw-la quatuor_fw-la solidos_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la non_fw-la excepta_fw-la dum_fw-la vero_fw-la collectio_fw-la census_fw-la fieret_fw-la proclamabat_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la svam_fw-la reposcens_fw-la libertatem_fw-la sed_fw-la nil_fw-la profecit_fw-la by_o which_o it_o be_v apparent_a 1._o that_o this_o grievous_a tax_n of_o danegeld_n be_v first_o grant_v and_o appoint_v by_o a_o public_a law_n in_o a_o parliamentary_a council_n to_o hire_v man_n to_o resist_v the_o eruption_n of_o the_o pirate_n and_o enemy_n that_o it_o amount_v but_o to_o 12_o d._n a_o year_n upon_o every_o ploughland_n that_o the_o church_n and_o demesne_n land_n of_o the_o church_n where_o ever_o they_o lay_v be_v exempt_v from_o it_o till_o william_n rufus_n his_o time_n who_o first_o exact_v it_o from_o the_o clergy_n upon_o a_o pretend_a necessity_n and_o raiâ—ed_v it_o from_o 12_o d._n to_o 4_o s._n a_o ploughland_n by_o grant_n of_o the_o baron_n without_o any_o law_n to_o enact_v or_o confirm_v it_o for_o fear_v of_o draw_v it_o into_o consequence_n 6_o that_o these_o law_n thus_o describe_v the_o duty_n and_o office_n of_o a_o king_n lambard_n the_o king_n because_o he_o be_v the_o vicar_n of_o the_o high_a king_n be_v constitute_v for_o this_o end_n that_o he_o may_v rule_v the_o earthly_a kingdom_n and_o the_o lord_n people_n and_o above_o all_o thing_n that_o he_o may_v reverence_v his_o holy_a church_n and_o defend_v it_o from_o injury_n pluck_v away_o evil_a doer_n from_o it_o and_o utter_o to_o destroy_v and_o disperse_v they_o which_o unless_o he_o shall_v do_v the_o name_n of_o a_o king_n agree_v not_o unto_o he_o the_o prophet_n pope_n john_n witness_v nomen_fw-la regis_fw-la perdit_fw-la qui_fw-la quod_fw-la regis_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la faciat_fw-la he_o lose_v the_o name_n of_o a_o king_n who_o discharge_v not_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o king_n pepin_n and_o charles_n his_o son_n be_v not_o yet_o king_n but_o prince_n under_o the_o french_a king_n hear_v this_o definitive_a sentence_n as_o well_o true_o as_o prudent_o pronounce_v concern_v the_o name_n of_o a_o king_n by_o william_n the_o bastard_n king_n of_o england_n foolish_o write_v to_o pope_n john_n demand_v this_o question_n of_o he_o whether_o the_o king_n of_o france_n ought_v so_o to_o continue_v be_v content_a only_o with_o the_o name_n of_o a_o king_n who_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o call_v they_o king_n who_o do_v watch_v over_o defend_v and_o govern_v the_o church_n of_o god_n and_o his_o people_n imitate_v king_n david_n the_o psalmograph_n say_v he_o shall_v not_o dwell_v in_o my_o house_n which_o work_v pride_n etc._n etc._n after_o which_o it_o follow_v in_o 214._o mr._n fox_n and_o some_o other_o but_o not_o in_o hoveden_n and_o knyghtonâ—_n â—_z moreover_o the_o king_n by_o his_o right_n and_o by_o his_o office_n aught_o to_o defend_v and_o conserve_v full_o and_o whole_o in_o all_o ampleness_n without_o diminution_n 10._o all_o the_o land_n honour_n dignity_n right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o further_o to_o reduce_v into_o their_o pristine_a state_n all_o such_o thing_n as_o have_v be_v disperse_v waste_a and_o lose_v which_o appertain_v to_o his_o kingdom_n also_o the_o whole_a and_o universal_a land_n with_o all_o land_n about_o the_o same_o in_o norwey_n and_o denmark_n be_v appertain_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o be_v of_o the_o appurtenance_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o king_n make_v one_o monarchy_n and_o one_o kingdom_n which_o sometime_o be_v call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o britain_n and_o now_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n such_o bound_n and_o limit_n as_o be_v abovesaid_a be_v appoint_v and_o limit_v to_o the_o name_n of_o this_o kingdom_n a_o king_n abouâ—_o all_o thing_n aught_o to_o fear_n god_n to_o â—ove_v and_o observe_v his_o commandment_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v observe_v through_o his_o whole_a kingdom_n he_o ought_v also_o to_o keep_v cherish_v maintain_v and_o govern_v the_o holy_a church_n within_o his_o kingdom_n with_o all_o integrity_n and_o liberty_n according_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o his_o ancestor_n and_o predecessor_n and_o to_o defend_v the_o same_o against_o all_o enemy_n so_o that_o god_n above_o all_o thing_n be_v honour_v and_o ever_o before_o his_o eye_n â—_o he_o ought_v also_o to_o set_v up_o good_a law_n and_o custom_n such_o as_o be_v wholesome_a and_o approve_a such_o as_o be_v otherwise_o to_o repeal_v they_o and_o thrust_v they_o out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n item_n he_o ought_v to_o do_v judgement_n and_o justice_n in_o his_o kingdom_n by_o the_o counsel_n of_o his_o realm_n all_o these_o thing_n ought_v a_o king_n in_o his_o own_o person_n to_o do_v take_v his_o oath_n upon_o the_o evangelist_n swear_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o whole_a state_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o well_o of_o the_o temporalty_n 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o spiritualty_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishopâ—_n three_o servant_n the_o king_n ought_v to_o hauâ—_n under_o his_o foot_n as_o vassal_n fleshly_a lust_n avarice_n and_o greedy_a desire_n who_o if_o he_o keep_v under_o as_o his_o servant_n and_o slave_n he_o shall_v reign_v well_o and_o honourable_o in_o his_o kingdom_n all_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v do_v with_o good_a advisement_n and_o premeditation_n and_o that_o proper_o belong_v to_o a_o king_n for_o hasty_a rashness_n bring_v all_o thing_n to_o ruin_n according_a to_o the_o say_n of_o the_o gospel_n every_o kingdom_n divide_v in_o itself_o shall_v be_v desolate_a etc._n etc._n a_o clear_a evidence_n that_o our_o saxon_a king_n have_v no_o arbitrary_a nor_o tyrannical_a power_n to_o condemn_v banish_v imprison_v oppress_v or_o tax_v their_o subject_n in_o any_o kind_n against_o their_o law_n liberty_n property_n and_o thus_o much_o touch_v king_n edward_n law_n qui_fw-la ob_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la integritatem_fw-la regnandi_fw-la justitiam_fw-la &_o clementiam_fw-la legumque_fw-la sive_fw-la à _fw-la se_fw-la latarum_fw-la sive_fw-la ex_fw-la veteribus_fw-la sumptarum_fw-la &_o equitatem_fw-la inter_fw-la sanctos_fw-la relatus_fw-la est_fw-la as_o 88_o matthew_n parker_n record_v of_o he_o in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1053._o as_o many_o or_o 1054._o as_o other_o compute_v it_o that_o old_a perjure_a traitor_n earl_n godwin_n come_v to_o a_o most_o soddein_a shameful_a exemplary_a death_n by_o divine_a justice_n which_o the_o 213._o marginal_a historian_n thus_o relate_v 1053._o and_o abbot_n ailred_n thus_o preface_v inserendum_fw-la arbitror_fw-la quâ—modo_fw-la godwinum_fw-la proditionum_fw-la suarum_fw-la donatum_fw-la stipendiis_fw-la divini_fw-la judicii_fw-la ultrix_fw-la ira_fw-la consumpserit_fw-la detestandique_fw-la facinoris_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la fratremque_fw-la ejus_fw-la commiserat_fw-la populo_fw-la spectante_fw-la ipsam_fw-la quam_fw-la meruerat_fw-la poenam_fw-la exolverat_fw-la this_o godwin_n be_v the_o king_n father-in-law_n abuse_v his_o simplicity_n multa_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la contra_fw-la jus_o et_fw-la fas_fw-la pro_fw-la potestate_fw-la faciebat_fw-la do_v many_o thing_n in_o the_o
since_o his_o reign_n yet_o that_o neither_o do_v nor_o can_v make_v he_o a_o king_n by_o conquest_n only_o no_o more_o than_o these_o other_o prince_n see_v the_o end_n of_o this_o war_n be_v not_o against_o the_o whole_a english_a nation_n the_o great_a part_n whereof_o secret_o abbet_v his_o interest_n but_o only_o against_o the_o unjust_a usurper_n and_o intruder_n king_n harold_n and_o his_o adherent_n not_o to_o create_v a_o title_n to_o the_o realm_n by_o his_o and_o their_o conquest_n but_o to_o remove_v a_o uâ—surper_n who_o invade_v it_o without_o and_o against_o all_o right_a and_o to_o gain_v the_o actual_a possession_n thereof_o by_o arme_v from_o which_o he_o be_v unjust_o withhold_v by_o force_n against_o those_o pretend_a lawful_a title_n which_o he_o make_v so_o that_o he_o get_v not_o the_o right_n title_n but_o only_o the_o actual_a possession_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o his_o sword_n not_o as_o a_o universal_a conqueror_n of_o the_o realm_n without_o right_n or_o title_n but_o as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v immediate_a heir_n and_o lawful_a successor_n to_o the_o confessor_n who_o design_v he_o to_o succeed_v he_o for_o â—uller_a confirmation_n whereof_o i_o shall_v here_o subjoin_v these_o ensue_a proof_n 1._o king_n william_n himself_o at_o his_o very_a coronation_n in_o 145._o london_n as_o mr_n cambden_n inform_v we_o say_v that_o the_o kingdom_n be_v by_o god_n providence_n appoint_v and_o by_o virtue_n of_o a_o gift_n from_o his_o lord_n and_o cousin_n king_n edward_n the_o glorious_a grant_v unto_o he_o and_o that_o this_o most_o bounteous_a king_n edward_n have_v by_o adoption_n ordain_v he_o his_o hâ—ir_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n 2_o in_o his_o 483._o charter_n to_o the_o church_n of_o westminstâ—r_n he_o resolve_v as_o much_o in_o direct_a term_n where_o he_o recite_v in_o ore_fw-la gladii_fw-la regnum_fw-la adeptus_fw-la sum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la devictâ—_n haroldo_n rege_fw-la cum_fw-la suis_fw-la complicibus_fw-la qui_fw-la mihi_fw-la regnum_fw-la cum_fw-la providentia_fw-la dei_fw-la destinatum_fw-la &_o bâ—neficio_fw-la concessionis_fw-la domini_fw-la &_o cognati_fw-la mei_fw-la gloriosi_fw-la edwardi_fw-la concessum_fw-la conati_fw-la sunt_fw-la auferre_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o his_o title_n be_v from_o edward_n though_o his_o possession_n by_o the_o sword_n 3_o in_o the_o very_a 619._o title_n of_o his_o law_n publish_v in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n which_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o alter_v that_o he_o both_o by_o oath_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n ratify_v 601._o confirm_v all_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n use_v in_o the_o confessor_n time_n and_o before_o present_v by_o a_o grand_a enquest_n unto_o he_o out_o of_o every_o county_n of_o england_n upon_o oath_n without_o any_o alteration_n prevarication_n or_o diminution_n he_o style_v himself_o or_o be_v style_v by_o the_o collector_n of_o these_o law_n heir_n and_o cousin_n to_o edward_n the_o confessor_n even_o in_o the_o ancient_a manuscript_n which_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n have_v publish_v incipiunt_fw-la leges_fw-la s._n edwardi_fw-la regis_fw-la quas_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it tenuit_fw-la &_o quas_fw-la willielmus_fw-la haeres_fw-la &_o cognatus_fw-la suus_fw-la postea_fw-la confirmavit_fw-la to_o which_o i_o shall_v likewise_o subjoin_v the_o word_n of_o the_o charter_n of_o his_o sonn_n 211._o king_n henry_n the_o 1._o anno_fw-la 1108._o translate_n the_o abbey_n of_o ely_n into_o a_o bishopric_n wherein_o he_o give_v his_o father_n william_n the_o selfsame_a title_n ego_fw-la henricus_fw-la providente_fw-la divina_fw-la clementia_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la &_o normannorum_fw-la dux_n willielmi_n magni_fw-la regis_fw-la filiusâ—_n â—_z qui_fw-la edwardo_n regi_fw-la haereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la succescit_fw-la iâ—_n regnum_fw-la renounce_v all_o title_n by_o conquest_n and_o claim_v only_o as_o heir_n to_o king_n edward_n by_o hereditary_a right_n 4_o earl_n william_n himself_o in_o none_o of_o his_o charter_n writ_n speech_n write_n ever_o style_v himself_o a_o conqueror_n of_o england_n nor_o lay_v claim_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o realm_n of_o england_n by_o conquest_n after_o his_o inauguration_n which_o title_n of_o conqueror_n be_v afterward_o out_o of_o the_o flattery_n or_o ignorance_n of_o the_o time_n give_v unto_o he_o by_o other_o therefore_o the_o word_n which_o the_o 449._o history_n of_o st._n stephens_n in_o caen_n in_o normandy_n report_v he_o use_v at_o his_o last_o breath_n the_o regal_a diadem_n which_o none_o of_o my_o predecessor_n ever_o wear_v i_o get_v and_o gain_v by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n only_o i_o ordain_v no_o man_n heir_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n which_o all_o our_o historian_n unanimous_o contradict_v affirm_v that_o he_o ordain_v william_n rufus_n his_o second_o son_n particular_o to_o succeed_v he_o in_o it_o at_o his_o death_n upon_o which_o title_n only_o he_o enjoy_v it_o but_o i_o commend_v the_o same_o to_o the_o eternal_a creator_n who_o i_o be_o in_o who_o hand_n be_v all_o thing_n for_o i_o become_v not_o possessor_n of_o so_o great_a honour_n by_o any_o hereditary_a right_n but_o by_o a_o humble_a conflict_n and_o with_o much_o effusion_n of_o blood_n i_o take_v it_o from_o the_o perjure_a king_n harold_n and_o after_o i_o have_v either_o slay_v or_o put_v to_o flight_v his_o favourit_n and_o servant_n i_o subdue_v the_o kingdom_n to_o myself_o must_v either_o be_v repute_v false_a and_o fabulous_a as_o most_o esteem_v they_o or_o else_o have_v this_o construction_n that_o he_o gain_v the_o actual_a possession_n of_o it_o against_o harold_n and_o his_o adherent_n only_o by_o the_o sword_n and_o that_o he_o have_v not_o a_o hereditary_a right_n thereto_o as_o next_o heir_n by_o descent_n to_o the_o crown_n but_o only_o by_o adoption_n from_o and_o as_o heir_n by_o donation_n to_o king_n edward_n as_o next_o of_o kin_n by_o the_o mother_n side_n which_o he_o make_v his_o only_a title_n 5_o those_o ancient_a english_a historian_n who_o first_o give_v he_o the_o name_n of_o conqueror_n do_v it_o not_o in_o a_o strict_a proper_a sense_n as_o if_o he_o be_v a_o mere_a universal_a conqueror_n of_o the_o nation_n dispose_v of_o all_o man_n estate_n person_n and_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n at_o his_o pleasure_n for_o that_o he_o never_o do_v but_o only_o as_o one_o who_o gain_v the_o actual_a possession_n thereof_o from_o a_o perjure_a usurper_n and_o his_o force_n by_o strength_n of_o arm_n conquer_a they_o by_o open_a battle_n in_o the_o field_n but_o still_o claim_v it_o by_o gift_n conâ—ract_n and_o designation_n from_o king_n edward_n as_o his_o kinsman_n as_o a_o heir_n who_o forcible_o out_v a_o disseisor_n and_o intruder_n come_v in_o by_o tiâ—le_n and_o inheritance_n only_o though_o he_o gain_v the_o possession_n by_o force_n this_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o forecited_a word_n of_o 34._o matthew_n paris_n and_o this_o passage_n of_o henry_n de_fw-fr knyghton_n not_o extant_a in_o hygden_n 2343._o out_o of_o who_o he_o seem_v to_o transcribe_v it_o et_fw-la sic_fw-la quia_fw-la normannus_n jure_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la tenuit_fw-la normanniae_fw-la ducatum_fw-la ideo_fw-la dux_n regnum_fw-la vero_fw-la angliae_fw-la mero_fw-la conquestuâ—_n in_o respect_n of_o actual_a possession_n et_fw-la clameo_fw-la subscripto_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o title_n &_o by_o claim_n by_o gift_n from_o king_n edward_n ideo_fw-la rex_fw-la which_o claim_n and_o title_n be_v back_v by_o the_o unanimous_a election_n of_o the_o prelate_n clergy_n nobilityâ—_n people_n and_o right_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n himself_o who_o all_o submit_a and_o swear_v homage_n fealty_n and_o allegiance_n to_o he_o as_o their_o lawful_a â—_z infallible_o demonstrate_v he_o to_o be_v no_o conqueror_n in_o respect_n of_o title_n in_o a_o strict_a legal_a military_a sense_n even_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o those_o ancient_a and_o modern_a historian_n who_o give_v he_o that_o title_n but_o only_o in_o regard_n of_o harold_n and_o his_o party_n and_o the_o actual_a possession_n which_o he_o get_v by_o conquest_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n alone_o be_v that_o distich_n in_o the_o 962._o chronicle_n of_o bromton_n to_o be_v understand_v dux_n normannorum_fw-la willielmus_fw-la vi_fw-la validorum_fw-la rex_fw-la est_fw-la anglorum_fw-la bello_fw-la conquestor_fw-la eorum_fw-la 6_o our_o great_a antiquary_n richard_n vestegan_n in_o his_o restitution_n of_o decayed_a antiquity_n learned_a mr._n john_n selden_n in_o his_o review_n of_o the_o hist._n of_o tithe_n p._n 482_o 483._o sir_n john_n hayward_n in_o the_o liâ—e_z of_o king_n williâ—m_n the_o first_o mr._n nathaniel_n bacon_n in_o his_o first_o part_n of_o his_o historical_a discourse_n of_o the_o uniformity_n of_o the_o government_n of_o england_n chap._n 44_o 45_o 46_o 55_o 56._o to_o omit_v other_o most_o full_o prove_v and_o assert_v that_o the_o entry_n of_o william_n the_o first_o into_o the_o royal_a government_n of_o england_n neither_o be_v nor_o proper_o can_v be_v by_o conquest_n but_o by_o title_n and_o by_o the_o free_a
election_n of_o the_o noble_n clergy_n and_o people_n that_o although_o the_o several_a title_n he_o pretend_a be_v perhaps_o if_o curious_o examine_v not_o sufficient_a to_o give_v he_o a_o true_a legal_a title_n and_o right_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n à _fw-la parte_fw-la ante_fw-la because_o not_o agree_v unto_o and_o confirm_v by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o noble_n kingdom_n and_o nation_n in_o a_o parliamentary_a great_a council_n but_o only_o by_o the_o king_n and_o some_o particular_a prelate_n and_o noble_n out_o of_o parliament_n as_o harold_n in_o his_o answer_n allege_v yet_o be_v ratify_v ex_fw-la parte_fw-la post_fw-la both_o by_o the_o subsequent_a consent_n agreement_n submission_n election_n oath_n homage_n and_o fealty_n of_o all_o the_o people_n noble_n clergy_n by_o their_o legal_a free_a crown_v of_o he_o aâ—_n first_o by_z edgar_z atheling_n his_o own_o submission_n fealty_n and_o resignation_n of_o his_o royal_a right_n and_o title_n thereby_o unâ—o_v he_o and_o ratify_v by_o succeed_a parliamentary_a council_n it_o become_v a_o inâ—uhitable_a right_n and_o title_n both_o in_o law_n and_o justice_n to_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n against_o all_o other_o who_o can_v lay_v no_o legall_a title_n thereunto_o he_o continue_v confirm_v all_o the_o ancient_a fundamental_a law_n liberty_n custom_n and_o government_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n without_o any_o alteration_n both_o by_o oath_n and_o edict_n i_o shall_v therefore_o conclude_v this_o point_n with_o the_o word_n of_o 483._o share_v a_o learned_a lawyer_n in_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o his_o reign_n who_o when_o the_o king_n counsel_n in_o a_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la against_o the_o abbot_n of_o peterborough_n will_v have_v make_v a_o charter_n of_o king_n edgar_n void_a because_o they_o allegedâ—_n all_o franchise_n be_v devolve_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o conquest_n reply_v thereto_o the_o conqueror_n come_v not_o at_o all_o to_o â—ut_v any_o who_o have_v lawful_a possession_n out_o of_o their_o right_n but_o to_o dispossess_v those_o who_o by_o their_o wrong_n have_v seize_v upon_o any_o land_n in_o dis-inherison_a of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o crown_n and_o with_o the_o word_n of_o our_o judicious_a historian_n sa._n daniel_n 37._o concern_v this_o king_n william_n neither_o do_v he_o â—ver_o claim_v any_o power_n by_o conquest_n but_o as_o a_o regular_a prince_n submit_v himself_o to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o kingdom_n desire_v to_o have_v his_o testamentary_a title_n howsoever_o weak_a to_o make_v good_a his_o succession_n rather_o than_o his_o sword_n and_o though_o the_o stile_n of_o conqueror_n by_o the_o flattery_n of_o the_o time_n be_v after_o give_v he_o he_o show_v by_o all_o the_o course_n of_o his_o government_n he_o assume_v it_o not_o introduce_v none_o of_o those_o alteration_n which_o follow_v by_o violence_n but_o by_o a_o mild_a gather_n upon_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o state_n and_o the_o occasion_n offer_v and_o that_o by_o way_n of_o reformation_n and_o although_o 153._o sir_n hen._n wotton_n give_v this_o verdict_n of_o they_o we_o do_v common_o and_o just_o style_v he_o the_o conqueror_n for_o he_o make_v a_o general_a conquest_n of_o tâ—e_v â—â—ole_a kingdom_n and_o people_n either_o by_o composition_n or_o arm_n etc._n etc._n yet_o he_o add_v he_o be_v crown_v on_o christmas_n day_n 1066._o at_o which_o time_n he_o will_v fain_o have_v compound_v a_o civil_a title_n of_o i_o know_v not_o what_o alliance_n or_o adoption_n or_o rather_o donation_n from_o edward_n the_o confessor_n as_o if_o hereditary_a kingdom_n do_v pass_v like_o new-year_n gift_n the_o truth_n be_v he_o be_v the_o heir_n of_o his_o sword_n yet_o from_o these_o pretence_n howsoever_o there_o spring_v this_o good_a that_o he_o be_v thereby_o in_o a_o sort_v age_v to_o cast_v his_o government_n into_o a_o middle_n or_o mix_a nature_n as_o it_o be_v between_o a_o lawful_a successor_n and_o a_o invader_n though_o general_o as_o all_o new_a empire_n do_v savour_n much_o of_o their_o beginning_n it_o have_v more_o of_o the_o violent_a than_o of_o the_o legal_a if_o any_o domineer_a soldier_n or_o other_o upon_o this_o false_a surmise_n of_o duke_n william_n right_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o realm_n of_o england_n by_o mere_a conquest_n have_v shall_v henceforth_o presume_v to_o claim_v and_o exercise_v a_o mere_a arbitrary_a absolute_a tyrannical_a and_o despotical_a power_n over_o our_o english_a nation_n law_n liberty_n parliament_n estate_n person_n as_o over_o a_o mere_a conquer_a nation_n against_o all_o commission_n trust_n oath_n engagement_n declaration_n and_o the_o rule_n both_o of_o law_n and_o war_n itself_o be_v raiâ—ed_v wage_v commission_v only_o to_o defend_v and_o preserve_v we_o from_o conquest_n by_o the_o opposite_a party_n let_v they_o know_v that_o they_o be_v far_o great_a worse_a enemy_n to_o their_o own_o native_a country_n than_o this_o norman_a duke_n or_o any_o of_o our_o former_a british_a saxon_a danish_a norman_a or_o english_a king_n who_o never_o claim_v the_o crown_n by_o mere_a conquest_n in_o any_o age_n but_o only_o by_o some_o real_a or_o pretend_a title_n of_o inheritance_n or_o at_o least_o by_o a_o free_a and_o general_a election_n both_o of_o the_o nobility_n clergy_n and_o people_n as_o this_o king_n william_n do_v from_o the_o former_a historical_a passage_n concern_v harold_n tosti_n duke_n william_n and_o the_o kentishman_n i_o shall_v deduce_v these_o legal_a observation_n 1._o that_o no_o tax_n subsidy_n or_o imposition_n whatsoever_o 1._o can_v in_o that_o age_n be_v impose_v on_o the_o english_a or_o norman_a subject_n by_o their_o king_n or_o duke_n but_o by_o their_o common_a consent_n in_o their_o parliamentary_a council_n where_o they_o be_v deny_v when_o inconvenient_a to_o the_o public_a as_o well_o as_o grant_v when_o convenient_a 2._o that_o no_o english_a or_o norman_a subject_n be_v then_o 3_o oblige_v to_o aid_n and_o assist_v their_o sovereign_n with_o their_o person_n arm_n estate_n or_o subsidy_n grant_v in_o any_o foreign_a invasive_a war_n but_o only_o leave_v free_a to_o contribute_v what_o private_a assistance_n they_o think_v fit_a in_o such_o case_n 3._o that_o no_o public_a war_n in_o that_o age_n be_v ever_o undertake_v 9_o but_o by_o common_a advice_n and_o consent_n in_o great_a parliamentary_a council_n 4._o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o that_o age_n 4â—_n however_o they_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o right_a or_o wrong_n hold_v it_o both_o their_o bind_a duty_n interest_n safety_n to_o defend_v and_o preserve_v the_o law_n right_n liberty_n of_o the_o church_n and_o people_n to_o enact_v and_o maintain_v good_a law_n and_o abolish_v all_o evil_a law_n rapine_n exaction_n tribute_n and_o to_o govern_v they_o just_o according_a to_o their_o coronation_n oath_n and_o not_o arbitrary_o or_o tyrannical_o according_a to_o their_o pleasure_n 5._o that_o no_o freeman_n in_o that_o age_n 4._o can_v be_v just_o imprison_v banish_a or_o put_v to_o death_n but_o for_o some_o heinous_a misdemeanour_n and_o that_o by_o a_o legal_a trial_n and_o conviction_n 6._o that_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n then_o hold_v it_o their_o bind_a duty_n 8._o in_o time_n of_o foreign_a invasion_n to_o defend_v the_o realm_n their_o life_n liberty_n property_n both_o by_o land_n and_o sea_n against_o foreign_a enemy_n yet_o they_o hold_v themselves_o dis-obliged_n and_o be_v general_o averse_a to_o defend_v the_o person_n or_o title_n of_o any_o usurper_n of_o the_o crown_n against_o any_o foreign_a prince_n or_o other_o person_n who_o have_v a_o better_a right_n and_o title_n to_o it_o 7._o that_o our_o english_a ancestor_n in_o that_o age_n esteem_v their_o hereditary_a liberty_n good_a ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n more_o dear_a and_o precious_a to_o they_o than_o their_o very_a life_n and_o will_v rather_o die_v fight_v for_o their_o law_n and_o liberty_n like_o freeman_n than_o live_v under_o slavery_n or_o bondage_n to_o any_o sovereign_n whatsoever_o 8._o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o that_o age_n can_v neither_o give_v away_o 10._o nor_o legal_o dispose_v of_o their_o crown_n kingdom_n or_o crown_n land_n to_o other_o without_o the_o privity_n and_o free_a consent_n of_o their_o noble_n and_o kingdom_n in_o general_a parliamentary_a council_n as_o be_v evident_a by_o harold_n answer_n to_o william_n ambassador_n the_o recite_v passage_n of_o 340._o matthew_n paris_n upon_o that_o occasion_n and_o this_o of_o samuel_n daniel_n p._n 34._o so_o much_o be_v do_v either_o by_o king_n edward_n or_o harold_n though_o neither_o act_n if_o any_o such_o be_v be_v of_o power_n to_o prejudice_v the_o state_n or_o alter_v the_o course_n of_o right_a succession_n as_o give_v the_o duke_n a_o colour_n to_o claim_v the_o crown_n by_o a_o donation_n make_v by_o testament_n which_o be_v against_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n can_v be_v of_o no_o validity_n