Conditions some of thâ—se that did being Imprisoned the Court and Camp being sadly affected with this loss The Provost of Edenburgh Sir James Stuart is in Town but keeps private lest the Wives in the streets should abuse him as they did Straughan and Ker at their coming hither the Lord Warreston who came as he pretended for the Records is not yet returned but stays in Town for he cares not to go back He and the rest of that Remonstrant Tribe are Summoned to come to Parliament Colonel Dundass Straughan and Captain Giffan with Abernethy Swinton and Andrews were else to be Excommunicated and Declared Traytors which was done January 14. Mr. James Guthry and the Earl of Lothian and General Holborn were generally suspected with Sir John Chiefly who are every day expected in our Quarters Rutherford and Gillespy are likewise dissenters from the present manage of affairs Ker saith his wound on his right hand is Gods Justice against him for lifting it up against us in such a cause as he maintained And so I will conclude all those Treasonable practices and fomented divisions of that Nation against their common Interest Having first acquainted the Reader with an occurrence of the like nature from the better mannered and necessity-instructed Kirk who yet would fain have been paramount and were most boldly sollicitous with the King to consent to some other Acts mis-becoming the Majesty of a Soveraign and the Honour of His Crown which the King generously and disdainfully refusing there flew such rumours and whispers as if some disloyal and dishonest Counsels were hatching against his Person whereupon the King privately withdrew himself to his Northern Friends and Forces under General Middleton till such time as a right understanding Hostages being given on both sides as to his party and theirs was setled betwixt them which was firmly and absolutely concluded in an unanimous resolve of his immediate Coronation which was solemnly performed on the first of Ianuary in this manner First the Kings Majesty in a Princes Robe was conducted from his Bedchamber by the Constable on his right hand and the Marshal on his left to the Chamber of Presence and there was placed in a Chair under a Cloath of State by the Lord of Angus Chamberlain appointed by the King for that day and there after a little repose the Noblemen with the Commissioners of Barons and Burroughs entred the Hall and presented themselves before His Majesty Thereafter the Lord Chancellor spoke to the King to this purpose Sir your good Subjects desire You may be Crowned as the righteous and Lawful Heir of the Crown of this Kingdom that You would maintain Religion as it is presently professed and established Also that You would be graciously pleased to receive them under Your Highness's Protection to Govern them by the Laws of the Kingdom and to defend them in their Rights and Liberties by Your Royal Power offering themselves in most humble manner to your Majesty with their Vows to bestow Land Life and what else is in their Power for the maintenance of Religion for the safety of Your Majesties sacred Person and maintenance of Your Crown which they intreat Your Majesty to accept and pray Almighty God that for many years You may happily enjoy the same The King made this Answer I do esteem the affections of my good People more than the Crowns of many Kingdoms and shall be ready by Gods assistance to bestow my Life in their defence wishing to live no longer than I may see Religion and this Kingdom flourish in all happiness Thereafter the Commissioners of Borroughs and Barons and the Noblemen accompanied His Majesty to the Kirk of Scoone in order and rank according to their quality two and two The Spurs being carried by the Earl of Eglington Next the Sword by the Earl of Rothes Then the Scepter by the Earl of Crawford and Lindsey And the Crown by the Marquess of Arguile immediately before the King Then came the King with the great Constable on the right hand and the great Marshal on his left his Train being carried by the Lord Ereskine the Lord Montgomery the Lord Newbottle and the Lord Machlelene four Earls Eldest Sons under a Canopy of Crimson-Velvet supported by six Earls Sons to wit the Lord Drummond the Lord Carnegie the Lord Ramsey the Lord Iohnston the Lord Brâ—chin the Lord Yester and the six Carriers supported by six Noblemens Sons Thus the Kings Majesty entred the Kirk The Kirk being fitted and prepared with a Table whereupon the Honours were laid and a Chair set in a fitting place for His Majesty to hear a Sermon over against the Minister and another Chair on the other side where He received the Crown before which there was a Bench decently covered as also for seats about for Noblemen Barons and Burgesses and there being also a Stage in a fit place erected of 24 foot square about four foot high from the ground covered with Carpets with two stairs one from the West another to the East upon which great Stage there was another little Stage erected some two foot high ascending by two steps on which the Throne or Chair of State was set The Kirk thus fittingly prepared the Kings Majesty entred the same accompanied as aforesaid and first set himself in his Chair for hearing of Sermon which was Preached by Mr. Robert Douglas A la mode the Covenant About this time the young Prince of Aurange was Christened at which celebration the States General of Holland of Amsterdam of Delf were his God-fathers and the Queen of Bohemia and the old Princess of Aurange his God-mothers and was named William Frederick Henry But this being over the King intended to march Northward to hasten the said levies by his presence but the Nobility and Gentry of the High-lands promising to effect that affair with all expedition he went no further than Aberdeen having more occasion to continue in the Southern parts to keep the newly re-cemented friendship betwixt both parties entire and from other new Ruptures and to countenance his friends who now were admitted into the chiefest places of Trust and Offices Duke Hamilton being received into the Army Earl of Crawford made Governour of Sterling Middleton Lieutenant-General and other Loyal Scotch Lords in Offices and Commands befitting their quality and to their seats in Parliament which was to set down the 15 of February the King diverting himself in the mean time at his house of Falkland care being taken to secure the Castle of Fife from any Invasion two attempts that way being already made in the beginning of February upon Brunt Island which nevertheless miscarried with a great loss of men but the want of Provisions the English then laboured under and their having hopes of plenty on that â—ide Fife being the fertilest and most abounding place in all Scotland made them every day contrive and venture a landing thereon and flat-bottomed Boats and Sloops were
disaffection to the Government but not many they were that were upon this account outed and discharged By virtue of the Allyance and Treaty with the Crown of Portugal several Forces were sent hence to Assist that Kingdome against the prevailing Power of the Spaniard who just at the Majority of that King and his taking the Government into his own hands had made a formidable Invasion and Progress into those Dominions These Forces most of them immediately set Sayl from Dunkirke some Troops and Companies Landing there from Leith all Commanded in chief by his Excellency the Earl of Inchiqueen the famous Souldier in Ireland Colonel Morgan late Governour of Scotland being his Major-General they arrived well and in good health there on the Twenty ninth of Iune and after a little refreshment and being prohibited to eat the Fruit of the Countrey for fear of Fevours and other Distempers advanced towards the Campania but the Spaniard having notice thereof thought it not advisable to Fight with them in their strength and vigour but to waste them with the usual incommodities of those Climates to us and retreated back again immediately into Spain In Iuly following the Duke of Ormond Lord Lieutenant of Ireland His Majesty having given him a very Honourable and friendly farewel and having received the like civilities from the whole Court set forwards in his Journey and Voyage to that Kingdome where he Arrived three weeks after and was most Magnificently received into the City of Dublin and congratulated and welcomed by the whole Body of that People in Parliament to whom in their Assembly he delivered himself in a most Excellent Speech There was mention made before of the Commissioners for Regulating Corporations for the securing of the peace of the Kingdome by these Gentlemen named for each County City and Borrough it was ordered besides the displacing of Officers that the Walls of the respective Cities and Towns of Gloucester and Coventry Northampton Taunton and Leicester and other places which had Bulworks and Garrisons and maintained them throughout the War against the King and were the Reception of and maintenance the Rebellion should be demolished as Examples and Security to successive times the County-Troops and respective Trained Band-Regiments guarded these places when they were Demolished Dr. Gauden the Bishop of Exeter died about this time September as also William Lenthal the Speaker of the Long Parliament very penitently The Town of Dunkirk taken from the Spaniard in One thousand six hundred fifty eight and kept ever since at a vast and great charge was by advice of the Lords of his Majesties Privy Councel as being never annexed by Act of Parliament to the Crown of England returned to the French King who upon surrender of it in the year aforesaid delivered it unto us Now for the sum of Five hundred Thousand pounds fully paid that Fortress was delivered into the Possession of the French under the Government of the Count d'Eâ—irades and his Deputy the Marquess of Montpear two English Companies with the Governour only Guarding the Gates at their entrance and delivering the Keys of the same Town The Honourable Sir Edward Nicholas having served his Majesty and his Father as Secretary of State for many years obtained his Quietus est from the King who would have dignified his Merit with a Barrony which Sir Edward modestly declined because His Majesty should not increase the Nobility and Sir Henry Bennet late the Kings Resident in Spain a very excellent Person was named to that Preferment Among these and the like Honours conferred by the King upon his Faithful and Loyal Servants and Subjects which the purport of this Chronicle obliged me to take notice off and be their Herauld this time challenged my observance of a Dignity conferred on that eminent and worthy Personage Dr. Iohn Berkenhead Knighted with a Testimony from his Majesty that he had done his Father and himself very signal and great services during the last twenty years Revolution and there is scarce any Honest man in the Three Kingdoms who will not say Amen to this his Majesties EVGE There had been suspition of a Plot and the City Trained Bands had watched and warded every Night for the most part of the Summer ever since the Kings departure to meet the Queen but now the Design appeared the first named was one Captain Baker a New-England-man an acquaintance of Hugh Peters there and preferred to be one of Olivers Band of Pensioners this Fellow acquaints one Hill the Son of a Phanatick or Independant Preacher in the Street and tells him of a Designe and brings him acquainted at several Meetings of divers of the Conspiracy which he having good information of revealed with the names of the Conspirators to Sir Richard Brown Some of those engaged thus only met and heard and reported their discourses of Arms and other preparations to their own gang but approved the Treason so well that they never discovered it This Plot was against the Sacred Life of the King the Duke of York the noble Duke of Albemarle and Sir Richard Brown and generally the Bishops Nobility Gentry and Commonalty that were not of their Opinions and Assisted them not and they had ready prepared a draught of their Government their Councels were carried on by six who never sate twice in a Place nor could be known to any two their Commander in chief was Ludlow Colonel Danvers Mr. Nye Mr. Lockyer and one Lieutenant Strange the Captains Spencer and Taverner were favourable to the Design and would surprize Deal Castle in Kent as Windsor was certain to be theirs and the Word the Night they were to fall on which after several put offs was appointed the last of October was to be given them by George Phillips a Serjeant in the Colonels Company of the White Regiment For this the Eleventh of December the said George Phillips Thomas Tongue a Distiller of Strong Waters Francis Stubs being a Cheesmonger Iames Hind Gunner Iohn Sellers Compass-maker and Nathanael Gibs Felt-maker were Convicted by Evidence of their fellow-Conspirators Edward Rigge Bradley and others only Hind Pleaded Guilty and craved the King's Mercy they alledged they never Acted such Trayterous intentions but the Design was proved to have been communicated and laid open to them after their full Defence they were all found Guilty and on the Twenty second of December Phillips Tongue Gibs and Stubs were Executed according to Sentence but His Majesty was graciouâ—ly pleased to give their Quarters to be buried but their Heads to be set up upon several Poles two on each Tower-Hill the nearest place to the Tower On the Twenty sixth of December his Majesty to satisfie the Kingdome of his intents in reference to the unsatisfiedness of Dissenters to the Established Settlement of the Church expressed his Indulgence to their Consciences so far as such Liberty would not Disturb the Publick Peace nor entrench upon the Orthodox Religion professed and that he
Bishoprick and Deanery but he was of too great a spirit to relinquish either of them as being places conferred on him by Patent from his bountiful Master King Iames and so chose to pay the aforesaid fine which upon a new score was soon after doubled These harsh proceedings against him so exasperated his mind that in the troubles ensuing he openly sided with the Parliament In effect this whole years revolution as to matters of importance was concerned in Episcopacy But this smoak and smother in England concerning Ceremonies broke out into fire in Scotland these petty and particular discontents here being blown up there into a National dislike and abhorrence of them so that this here was but the forerunner of that conflagration there which afterwards laid waste Three Kingdoms And because of the remarkable and strange eruption and effects of it I think fit to give those Scotish Troubles their particular Narrative connext and intire together Which here follows The Troubles and Tumult in Scotland about the Service-Book Book of Canons High-Commission and Episcopacy THe great and long designed Union of the two Kingdoms of England and Scotland had taken its desired effect by the assumption of King Iames the Sixth to this Crown and the National feud between the two people thereof well allayed if not wholly extinguished being both as one body under one supream Head and Governour That King at his departing from that his Native Kingdom had left it in a very flourishing condition as ever it boasted of the State well provided for by wholsom Laws and the management thereof committed to the prudentest and most honourable of the Nobility the Church-Regiment under a godly and a learned Orthodox Episcopacy reverenced and well accepted by the people All things both in Church and State being well ordered supported and maintained by that accession of power and greatness to their Soveraign in this Kingdom that Nation continued in a firm and unvariable quiet till about the middle of the Reign of King Charles the first of blessed memory by whom as also by his Royal Father several endeavours were used for the better strengthning and perpetuating the Union aâ—oresaid by conforming the Discipline of that Church to the pattern of this Religion being the most sure and indissolvable tie and mutual security In the time of King Iames those memorable Five-Articles were made by the Assembly at Perth whereby the High-Commission the Book of Canons and other Rites and Ceremonies were introduced and established By King Charles the First the Book of Service or Common-Prayer was endeavoured likewise to be brought in it having constantly been used for twenty years before in his Majesties own Royal Chappel in that Kingdom before his Majesties Ministers of State and the Nobility and Gentry attending them And now all things appeared Retro sublapsa referri to precipitate into Confusion and Disorder the period of that peace was come which had so long blest that Kingdom Not that really and singularly that Book was the cause of those Commotions but accidentally ministring the male-contents of that Kingdom an occasion of revolt and disloyalty For the seeds of that Sedition were sown by the Plotters of the Covenant which was afterwards so magnified under the pretence of Religion long before any of the grievances or pretended innovations in Religion complained of by them were ever heard amongst them The true Original of these Tumults was a Revocation made by King Charles the first of such things as had passed away in prejudice of the Crown especially by some of the late Princes in their minorites by this course some of the principal Contrivers of this Covenant found their Estates within the danger of the Laws And though the King to rectifie that proceeding of his had made appear his clemency in waving all the advantages which the Laws afforded him not one of his Subjects being damnified by the said Revocation yet for all this the principal persons laboured a disaffection to the Government laying the envy of procuring that Revocation upon the Prelates who in this were as innocent as the thing it self onely because they hoped that the very name of Church-men or Religious persons should in the point of Faction have that operation with their followers which they conceived the Church or Religion it self might have had if they could have seen how to have perswaded them that by this Revocation either of them had been endangered Other things there were relating to the Ministers themselves the Gentry and their Farmers who paid the Tythes to the Nobility being the burthen of Impropriations This the King thought to remedy by granting out a Commission to a great number of the prime of all estates and degrees to relieve if they should see cause both the Ministers and others who suffered by that grievance This Commission was called The Commission of Superiority and Tythes which effected as to the agrieved its intended effect and for which all possible thanks were rendred to his Majesty Nor were the most of the Nobility unsensible of the advantage by this means to matter of profit but they fretted privately for being robbed of that Lordliness over the Clergy and Laity which by right of Tythe they enjoyed and therefore had recourse to the former fetch of making the Bishops when indeed it was obtained by the importunity of Clergy and Laity the Procurers also of this Commission The last ingredient to this bitter Cup which was prepared in Scotland for the three Nations was matter of Honour and Title For the King going to his Coronation there in 1631. a Parliament being called to honour the same wherein an Act passed that gave his Majesty power to appoint such Vestures for Church-men which he should hold most decent and another for ratifying all Acts heretofore made concerning the established Religion and the liberties and priviledges of the Church his Majesty finding some principal men who were suitors at the same time for the Dignities aforesaid dissenters to the confirmation and allowance of the said Acts did not confer such expected Honours but passed those by and justly advanced more Loyal persons at which they then muttered but mutined not till his Majesties departure Then they with Seditious private Libels taxed this Parliament with prevarication and obliquity in their proceedings as if it had been pack'd and also that the voyces were not truly numbred but that some Acts were past without plurality of Votes This being sifted by the Kings Privy Council there the Author was known who fled but the principal engager the Lord Balmerino was apprehended His Father had been raised by King Iames to his Barony and Fortune but for the most ungrateful of Treasons was condemned by his Peers His Son at his time fell into the same crime and condemnation but both by their Majesties favour and clemency restored to Life Honour Liberty and Estate But all these devices could not serve
departed a contented King from a contented people The Parliament at Westminster had scarce yet sat in a full House from their Adjournment curiously prying into the Errors and male-Administration of the Government here but the fearful news came of a horrid Rebellion broke forth in Ireland It seems no sooner that careful diligent eye of the Earl of Strafford was first distorted by the Scotch affairs and after put out and extinguished by the English envy but the Irish resumed their wonted desires after liberty which they never yet attempted upon a less foundation than a total Massacre and utter extirpation of the English in that Kingdom so that in effect however the Parliament threw the odium of that Rebellion there upon the King Questionless it can be no where imputable ab extra from without but from their unwarrantable proceeding against the said Earl whose name and presence alone would have been sufficient to have prevented it or his wisdom and power able to have suppressed it This affrighting news when the Kingdom was already in a trepidation labouring with its own fears and pretended dangers soon brought the King from Scotland with all possible haste to London where notwithstanding those troubles he was most welcomly and as magnificently entertained the Citizens on Horseback with Gold-chains and in their several Liveries in Rayles placed along the streets chearfully receiving him the sober part of the Nation not valuing the Irish troubles if the King and his Parliament should but happily agree if the breaches could be but closed here there was no doubt of stanching the wound there But it was otherwise meant by the faction who added that conflagration as fuel to this suggesting to the multitude that what was acted against the Protestants there was likewise intended to be put in Execution here the Authors of one being also so of the other sinisterly traducing the King as inclining to Popery which they point-blank charged upon the Archbishop of Canterbury which imputation diffused it self afterwards upon the whole Order This torrent of the multitude was swelled so high even at this reception of the King that one Walker an Iron-monger as his Majesty passed from Guild-Hall where he was most sumptuously feasted at the City-charge Sir Richard Gurney being then Mayor threw into his Coach a scandalous Libel Intituled To your Tents O Israel which indignity the King complained of and thereupon Walker was put in Prison yet afterwards he Libelled a great deal worse both in Press and Pulpit But since the settlement of the Church he procured a lawful Ordination I mention this man as the shame of that zealotry which so furiously commenced this unnatural War The first business transacted with the King by the two Houses was an account of the Irish Rebellion the King having acquainted them in a short Speech of his composure of the Scotch troubles and soon after conjuring them to joyn with him in the speedy suppressing of the Irish whose dangers grew every day greater Iobs Messengers perpetually bringing over worser and worser news from that Kingdom where most of the Nobility were confederated in that horrid revolt having made Sir Phelim Oneal the chief of the family of Tyrone the late famous Rebel there in the latter part of the Raign of Queen Elizabeth and bred in Lincolns-Inn and then a Protestant but turned a bloody Papist though a most sneaking and silly Coward the supreme Commander of their Forces which then were raised in great numbers throughout all the Provinces Deep waters run stillest and with the least noise so was it with this Plot. It was very strange that a designe of such vastness of so great mischief and horrour should be concealed among a multitude that were concerned in it But this devilish secrecy was imputable onely to the ancient irreconciliable malice of the Irish against the English whose yoke sundry times they had attempted to shake off not for any oppression they were under but out of a natural desire of being Lords and Masters of their own liberty But nevertheless it pleased God that it came in the very nick of the execution of their Plot to be revealed by one of that Nation or otherwise that Kingdom had been in danger to be lost as Sicily was from the French by a sudden massacre The chief Instrument in carrying on this horrible Plot was one Roger Moor descended of an ancient Irish family but allyed to most of the Gentlemen of the English Pale He made several journeys into all the four Provinces of this Kingdom communicating his intelligences from forrain Popish Courts and the transactions of their Priests and Fryars there to the encouragement of this Revolt Another of the greatest confidents and complices in this designe was the Lord Viscount Gormanston of the English Pale which generally sided with the Rebels as being inoculated into Irish stocks and were Papists generally though against all opinion of the Council for that they had been such enemies to the Earl of Tyrone in his grand Rebellion But the menacing speeches and denunciations of the English Parliament against Papists in both Kingdoms especially in this where they threatned a total extirpation cannot be denyed to be one if not the principal cause why they made this defection from their Country and Allegiance The 23 of October was the day pitcht upon for the general rising and the Lord Macguire Col. Mac Mahon Col. Plunket and Capt. Fox Hugh Birn and Roger Moor were appointed for the seizure of Dublin-Castle which would at once have done their work those persons with a competent number of men to their assistance came one day before to Town and had conference together at the Lyon-Tavern near Copper-Ally where one Owen O Conally an Irish Gentleman but a retainer to Sir Iohn Clotworthy was admitted and by Mac Mahon informed of the conspiracy After a large drinking to their next mornings success O Conally privily repaired to the Lord Justice Parsons to whom and Sir Iohn Borlace the other Justice the Government was committed after my Lord Straffords death The Lord Dillon was likewise named and constituted but to avoid the jealousie and grudgings thereat the King had disauthorized him and very disturbedly and confusedly by reason of the drink and his horrour at the story revealed the chiefest part of it It was thereupon advised by the said Lord Justice for a fuller and certainer account to send him back again to the said Mac Mahon commanding him to return that night again to him which he did from the said Tavern and company who would have kept him there all night by pretending to ease himself and thence leaping over a wall and a set of pales into the streets In the mean time the Lord Justice Parsons went to the Lord Borlaces house and there assembled a Council by the coming of Sir Thomas Rotheram and Sir Robert Meredith who resolved first to attend the return of O Conally who in his
themselves if dissov'd belong unto the Crown For Ireland the King should annul the Cessation and leave the management of that Kingdome to the Scots And for the Militia that it should be managed altogether by such Commissioners as they should appoint so that the King should not have the least power of his own to assist his Neighbours and Allies or defend himself at home They had also so obstructed any hopes of a conclusion by limiting the time of the Treaty to twenty days and trying up the Commissioners with such limitations that the good effect thereof was despaired at the entrance into it Much perswasion was used by the Kings side to the Parliaments Commissioners that they would gain longer time and that the Treaty might be revived but all to no purpose And to this matter notable is that of one Mr. Love who by some private means or other was admitted to Preach before the said Commissioners there where he said It was as possible for Heaven and Hell as the King and Parliament to agree strange words to be uttered in such a juncture and in such a place and before such an Assembly but the end of that man shewed him the folly and wickedness of that expression So after two and twenty dayes Conference the Treaty ended in vain The Kings Commissioners complained of this Love but answer was made he was none of their train but the Parliament should be informed of him who would do justice upon him but the business was husht In the interim the Lord Macguire and one Colonel Mac Mahon who were as was said before seized in Dublin the night of the breaking forth of the Rebellion in Ireland and had been Prisoners in the Tower ever since and some while before broke out from thence and wading over the Moat escaped away being found in Drury-Lane London at a private house were brought to the Kings-Bench-Bar though Macguire pleaded his Priviledge of Peerage and insisted peremptorily on it while over-ruled by the Court and Parliament together and there after a Tryal both sentenced for their Treason to be hang'd drawn and quartered which they underwent with a great deal of stoutness and their way of Piety clearing the King from any privity to that Rebellion Shrewsbury a most important and strong Garrison for the King was by some treachery not yet brought to light betrayed just at the conclusion of the Treaty aforesaid to Major General Mitton for the Parliament It seems the Parliament rather tampered under-hand than dealt fair above-board and openly during the time thereof For this good service the said Major-General Mitton being a Member of the House of Commons at his coming thither had the thanks of the same given him by Mr. Speaker Abundance of Persons of Quality were surprized in this place as thinking it one of the securest Retreats in these parts the List of whom I find after this sort Eight Knights and Baronets forty Colonels Majors and Captains 200 private Souldiers some few slain About this time also Scarborough and Weymouth were taken for the Parliament and Plymouth-Siege for a while raised and a day of Thanksgiving therefore set apart Sir Marmaduke Langdale an eminent man for the King in the North was sent from Oxford to relieve Ponfract-Castle in York-shire Besieged by the Forces of the Lord Fairfax This Expedition he so prudently and valiantly underwent that in his way thither he routed Colonel Rossiter who opposed him at Melton-Mowbray and passed forward and with resolution though twice inferiour in number so charged the Besiegers that after a sharp conflict he beat them from the Siege and having relieved the Castle departed back again to the assistance of the King then threatned with a fresh and potent Army from London For the Earls of Essex Manchester and Denbigh had resigned their Commissions in the House of Peers few of their Officers also continuing in their service for whom the General Essex in a Speech when he laid down his said Commission desired that the Parliament would take care of their Debentures which they abundantly promised but performed thinly leaving them the unsatisfied name of Reformado's Their General himself having lost the opportunity of Blessing the Kingdom with a Peace when it lay in his power to which he was courted by the King a while before at Lestithiel seeing how the Pulse of the times beat and what Counsels were likely to prevail withdrew himself in a Discontent to Eltham-House in Kent where not long after he deceased as in due time shall be declared At that same time that Shrewsbury was thus surprised the Kings Forces had a Success for the handsomness though not for the consequence of it very Notable The Kings Forces had Garrisoned a repayred Castle at the Devises and Colonel Devereux had a Garrison at Roudon-House between Malmsbury and that which therefore for its inconvenience was Besieged Colonel Stephens of Glocester-shire came to its Relief with 200 Horse and as many Foot from Malmsbury and forced his passage with provision into the House While he stayed to take further order for the security of the place the Royalists surround the House again cast up a Work where he entred and keep him in and Sir Iacob Ashley comes to second the Siege with 3000 men Massey understanding this did what he could to draw off Sir Iacob by facing Cyrencester and sending a Party of Horse from Glocester which were to joyn with a like number from Malmsbury again but all in vain the besieged were compelled at last to render themselves upon very hard terms and conditions About this time there was a kind of Faction in the Kings Court at Oxford and some altercations betwixt the parties concerning the Kings Council so that some Lords Savil Percy and Andover were confined and the Parliament that this the Members of the same Houses at Westminster who adhered to the King who by the Kings Order were the year before convened at Oxford were for some Reasons and Discontents arisen about the Army Adjourned till the 10 of October But that Parliament signified nothing The House of Commons Voted that in their new Generals Commission the words For preservation of his Majesties Person should be left out and accordingly they were so And so ended the year 1644. the last of the Kings Felicity Anno Dom. 1645. WE will begin this year though we post-date the time that we may recite all the exploits in Scotland together with the actions of the renowned and ever-glorious Marquess of Montross appointed Governour of that Kingdom The year before he came into Scotland attended onely by two Mr. William Rollock and Mr. Sibbalds in whose company he came at last to his Cousin Mr. Patrick Graham in the Sheriffdom of Perth with whom he staid a while disguised till he had sent to discover the State of the Kingdom He had all along given the King information of the Scots Rebellions and siding
Dragoons with him and the place Tenable and Prince Rupert was also on his way to relieve it from Bristol with 1500 Horse and Foot but Okey's Dragoons creeping on their bellies over the Bridge to the Gate which they fired made the Governour surrender Iuly the 29. upon Articles To return to Sherburn-Castle there Sir Lewes Dives was Governour who made a most notable defence which for the honour of that noble Knight who so constantly and through so many hazards adhered to the King and because this was a place of remarque and the first that endured a formal siege in the beginning of the War shall be more largely spoken of A Hay-stack August the fifth at night within a stones throw of the Works was gained a Storm was then resolved on but afterwards deferred and Battery and Approaches pitcht upon together with Mining for that the ground wherein the Castle stood was minable Much hurt was done out of the Castle by Birding-peices by very skilful Marks-men several Officers and Gunners being killed by such shot Both Mines and Galleries were now made every worker being rewarded with twelve pence a day and twelve pence a night so hazardous was the service and then a second Summons was sent in with an offer from the General that the Ladies and Women might depart Sir Lewis acknowledged that civility but contemned the peremptoriness of the demand The Miners were got within two yards of the Wall where the Rock appearing they began to doubt of any effect but it proving but a soft stone on the 14 of August the great Guns played and had made a Breach by the evening in the middle of the Wall so that ten a breast might enter and one of the Towers was beaten down when the Parliament-Souldiers were so venturous as for six pence a Bullet to fetch off all the Cannon-shot that rebounded from the Castle of which there was great scarcity A third Summons was now sent in to deliver the Castle or expect extremity to which Sir Lewis told the Drum that he would hang him That the language was so far different from what he had formerly received that he could not believe it came from the same hand That whatever happened he would not lose his honour to save his life which he should think well bestowed in the service The Mine being now ready to spring a general Assault was resolved on the Gallery being advanced so neer the Works that the Souldiers pulled the Wool out of the Woolsacks from the besieged who made fires all night to discover the Mines and Approaches Two of the Towers were also gained and with that encouragement the Assaylants without order improved it forcing them within from their Guns which they had planted to oppose their entrance at the Breach so that presently they were forced to quit the great Court within the Castle Which so disheartned them that the Besiegers hastily and before the time appointed leapt over the Works and so into the Castle which was followed by the whole Army who presently possessed themselves of it and plundered it sufficiently stripping every person within it but because of the little opposition they found giving indifferent good quarter Sir Lewis was taken Prisoner and kept so a long while in the Tower till after the death of the King being designed for the slaughter also he made an escape from his Keeper at White-hall whither he was brought to be examined and soon after did notable service in Ireland for his present Majesty There were taken also 400 Prisoners Colonel Giles Strangeways Sir William Walcot Colonel Thornhil and the Clubmen of the parts adjacent fully quieted by the loss of this place their Leaders being sent Prisoners with those of Sherburn The next place designed as a further Trophee of the Parliaments victorious Army after some dispute because Plymouth was straightly beset and in the same plight now as Taunton formerly was Bristol In the march of the Army thither Colonel Rainsborough took in Nunny-Castle the 21 of August upon condition of liberty to go to their own houses Commissary-General Ireton was first sent with 2000 Horse to secure the Villages and Towns adjacent to Bristol from being fired by the Royalists in that City which because of its importance being justly reckoned in the first rank of populous Cities of the Kingdom and the onely considerable part the King had for Shipping Trade and Riches and lay advantagious for supplies from Ireland was thought necessary to be reduced and the danger of leaving so considerable a strength of 3000 Horse and Foot as Prince Rupert could make in the field and leave a sufficient Garrison besides was no inconsiderable motive to the attempt At the setting down of the Army several Salleys were made with different success Sir Bernard Ashley mortally wounded and taken under the Walls when on the fourth of September a Summons was sent in unto Prince Rupert which for its extraordinary civility and stile and that seeming reverence it bears for here the game began this being the first tast of this Model and drawn by Ireton is very delightful to insert For his Highness Prince Rupert SIR FOr the service of the Parliament I have brought their Army before the City of Bristol and do Summon you in their Names to render it with all the Forts belonging to the same into my hands for their use Having used this plain language as the business requires I wish it may be as effectual unto you as it is satisfactory to my self that I do a little expostulate with you about the Surrender of the same which I confess is a way not common and which I should not have used but in respect to such a person and such a place I take into consideration your Royal Birth and Relation to the Crown of England your Honour Courage the vertues of your person and the strength of that place which you may think your self bound and able to maintain Sir the Crown of England is and will be where it ought to be we fight to maintain it there but the King misled by evil Counsellours or through a seduced heart hath left his Parliament under God the best assurance of his Crown and Family the maintaining of this Schism is the ground of this unhaâ—pie War on your part and what sad effects it hath produced in the three Kingdoms is visible to all men To maintain the rights of the Crown and Kingdom joyntly a principal part thereof is that the King in Supream Acts is not to be advised by men of whom the Law takes no notice but by his Parliament the great Council of the Kingdom in whom as much as man is capable of he hears all his people as it were at once advising him and in which multitude of Counsellours lies his safety and his peoples Interest And to see him right in this hath been the constant and faithful endeavours of the Parliament and to bring those
by the Scots Commissioners first because they were not the same with those formerly sent to Oxford and Vxbridge Secondly Because all the additions omissions and alterations made in them are in those things which concern the joynt interest and union of both Kingdomes And thirdly the danger of wholly excluding the King and his Posterity and so the Crown from their right to the Militia which was an alteration of the Fundamental Laws And fourthly the uncertainty of the Religion the Parliament would establish they refusing to give their Brethren the Scots the particulars thereof Presbytery being then piece-meal offered by the Assembly of Divines to the Parliaments consideration In this point the Scots urged how many promises of UNIFORMITY the Parliament had made at their instances to them throughout the War and that this Uniformity might be extensive and become the Discipline of the Reformed Churches every where and so be the Catholick Rule had ordered the Covenant as a Model or Pattern to be printed in most of the Forrain Languages that it should be a sin and shame to England that all sorts of Heresies Sects and Schisms should be so multiplied Liberty of Conscience not onely pleaded for but in place already and all the kindnesses done them so unhandsomly slighted And as to the Presbyterial Government to be established here Exceptions were taken at the subordination of Church-Assemblies to Parliament in the words prescribed lest it should be interpreted as if the Civil Power were not onely conversant about matters of the Church and Religion but were formally Ecclesiastical and to be exercised Ecclesiastically and be counted such a Supremacy in the Church as in the Pope and the late High-Commission of England Next they scrupled their Provincial Commissioners for judging of Scandal there being no such Warrant for such a mixture of Lay with Spiritual Officers which they suppose may be the laying of a New Foundation of the said High-Commission or Episcopacy Thirdly That admitting the Power of calling and convening a National Assembly be in the Civil Magistrates as positive yet they cannot allow it privative or destructive and that therefore such Assemblies may not be restrained to times of Session the safety of the Church being the supreme Law That therefore it should not be left ad libitum to the pleasure of the Civil Power but that fixed times for their meeting might be appointed From this the English perceived that the Scotch Yoak would not fit their necks and though they could be content with their Spirituals there was no enduring of their Temporals which consideration with those Cavils printed and published produced a Declaration of the House of Commons wherein being now in no need of further assistance having no Enemy left but that Army they come to a point and withal thus gird their gude Brethren we shall repeat onely one Paragraph Concerning Church-Government we having so fully declared for Presbyterian Government having spent so much pains taken up so much time for the settling of it passed most of the particulars brought to us from the Assembly of Divines called onely by us to advise of such things as shall be required of them by the Parliament and having published several Ordinances for putting the same in execution because we cannot consent to the granting of an arbitrary and unlimited Power and Jurisdiction to near TEN THOVSAND IVDICATORIES to be erected within this Kingdom and this demanded in a way INCONSISTENT with the FVNDAMENTALS of GOVERNMENT excluding the POWER of PARLIAMENT in the exercise of that IVRISDICTION nor have we resolved yet how a due regard may be had that TENDER CONSCIENCES which differ not in any Fundamentals of Religion may be so provided for as may stand with the word of God and peace of the Kingdom And let it be OBSERVED that we have had the more reason not to part with the Power out of our hands since all by-past Ages manifest that the Reformation and purity of Religion and the preservation and protection of the people hath been by Parliament and the exercise of this power our endeavours being to settle the Reformation in the Kingdoms of England and Ireland in Doctrine Worship Discipline and Government according to the Word of God and the example of the best Reformed Churches and according to our COVENANT That 's the burden of the Ditty but how that comes to be set in opposition to the Scotch Model of Presbytery may be left to the distinguishing Expositors between Bell and the Dragon The Poets Fiction concerning Proteus was certainly a meer vaticination and prediction of this variable Monster for the King the Kirk the Parliament the Sectaries for every thing according to its present interest as the Camelion appears in the colours that are neerest it A serious Kirk-fallacy made a Parliament-Riddle Come we now to those long-hammered Propositions sent to the King at Newcastle Iuly 11. as aforesaid which were twenty three in number First That his Majesty would pass an Act for nulling all Declarations and Proclamations against both or either Parliaments of England or Scotland Secondly The King to sign and swear the Covenant and an Act for all persons in the three Kingdoms to do the like Thirdly An Act to take away Bishops c. Fourthly To confirm by Act the Assembly of Divines at Westminster Fifthly To settle Religion as the Parliament shall agree Sixthly In Vnity and Vniformity with Scotland as shall be agreed by both Parliaments Kill Episcopacy point-blank and shoot at Scotch wild-fowl at randome Seventhly An Act to be confirmed against Papists Eighthly Their Children to be educated in the Protestant Religion Ninthly For taking away part of their Estates Tenthly Against saying of Mass in England Eleventhly And the same in Scotland if they please Twelfthly For observation of the Lords day against Pluralities and Non-residents and for Visitations and regulating the Vniversities Thirteenth That the Militia of the three Kingdoms be in the hands of the Parliament for twenty years with power to raise money and suppress all Forces c. Fourteenth That all Honours and Titles and Dignities conferred on any since the great Seal was conveyed from the Parliament May 21 1642. be nulled and that those who hereafter shall be made Peers by the King shall not sit in Parliament without consent of both Houses Fifteenth That an Act be passed to confirm all the Treaties between England and Scotland and a Committee of both Houses to be nominated Conservators of the Peace between both Kingdoms Sixteenth An Act for the establishing the Declaration of both Kingdoms of the THIRTIETH of JANUARY 1643. touching Delinquents with other qualifications added now which were so comprehensive that they seemed accommodated for the fatal prognostick of that days Revolution in 1648. when accumulative treason a word invented by themselves against the Earl of Strafford was extended to other the Kings Friends as to number and in the amassed guilt of all impiety afterwards practised upon
load upon the Parliament through their neglect of paying them when indeed the supernumeraries with which Cromwel daily recruited the Army without any Authority far beyond the pay or number established was the cause of the Arrears and this oppression of Free-quarter for upon complaints thereof made in the House the Army being quartered in several Brigades supernumeraries have been disbanded in one Brigade their Arms taken by their Officers and shortly after they have been listed again in another Brigade and their Arms sold again to the State after a while to new arm them By which means Cromwel had amassed a Magazine of such which being lodged in the City and rumoured by some zealots to be for arming some Reformadoes were now upon examination found to belong unto Him and so the business was husht up which if they could have fastned upon the other Party should have been noised for horrid Treason By this grievance of Free-quarter they were doubly and trebly payed taking it in one place and Composition for it in another perhaps in three or four places at once by false Billets yet nevertheless though by these tricks they owed money to the State they demanded and compelled an Ordinance from the Parliament to secure their Arrears of the 24 of December whereby they had the two thirds of Delinquents Estates mentioned or comprehended in the three first qualifications of them in the Propositions sent to the King at the Isle of Wight and all the money arising out of the remaining part of Bishops Lands appointed to be sold by former Ordinances and the sum of 600000 l. charged on the receipt of EXCISE with the Forrest-Lands and other incomes for the securing of the said Arrears to be issued out to the Treasurers at War to such and such persons for the uses aforesaid in such manner as the Committee of Lords and Commons for the Army or any five of them under their hands would limit and appoint which was by way of Audit and Debentures sold not long after upon doublings on purchases of the Crown and other forfeited Lands for Half a Crown in the pound besides innumerable cheats by counterfeit hands but more to the talk than trouble of the Kingdom whose general Note was Caveat Emptor Wonderful it is since we have now mentioned that Dutch Devil as it was called the Excise what vast sums of money the Parliament had raised by it amounting as by their Ordinance of the 28 of August this year appears to that time from its Commencement some three years before to One million three hundred thirty four thousand five hundred thirty two pounds ten shillings and eleven pence half peny clear and deducted of all charges in the levying of it which defalked not above two shillings in the pound No wonder therefore they did so carefully enjoy and uphold this Tax which had supported and enabled them in all their atchievements and upon this score they made it over to the Souldiers several Uproars and Tumults happening in the refusal of payment particularly at Smithfield-bars London where the Butchers who then paid Excise for the Flesh sold at two shillings in the pound rose and fired the Excise-house neer adjoyning with all the Papers of Books of Account for which several of them were tryed but acquitted thereafter that Duty upon Cattle as likewise upon all Salt made in the Kingdom was wholly laid aside But a most severe injunction was now made for the continuance of the rest and the refractory threatned with exemplary punishments So that while Cromwel could finde Men and Arms at such a rate and the Parliament such heaps of Money by several Revenues it was in vain to think of a Peace when such visible powerful advantages subserved to those wicked designes of inthralling King Parliament City and Kingdom now mainly prosecuted by the Adjutators but so lendly and unseasonably that Cromwel to palliate his secret impiety abandoned one of the Ringleaders one White to his Execution at Ware by a Sentence of a Council of War for mutinous speeches and Papers of the Levelling principle but suspected also to aim at himself among the Common Souldiers Neer the same time one Tompson of the same Crue was seized on in the Lobby of the House of Commons supposed to be ready with some Impeachment or Articles against him and condemned in the same manner by a Council of War They cryed out of the King as useless and had got a Stork of their own making ten times more dangerous who durst crush them to Ruine in the very rise of his Ambition These misdoings and no Government highly displeased and incensed the people who too late Sero sapiunt Phryges saw how they had fool'd themselves into slavery the resentments whereof became so publike and so fearlesly Voyced that the Parliament was constrained to humour it and to personate a serious study to an Accommodation Hereupon the same 24 day of December on which they had Voted Security for the Armies Arrears an ill Omen of what Kindness they had for the King whom they would not bate an ace of their demands their Commissioners present to the King at Carisbrook-Castle four Bills to be Passed as Acts of Parliament with divers other Proposals such or worse than those at Hampton-Court before any Treaty might be admitted The first was an Act with this Title Concerning the raising setling and maintaining Forces by Sea and by Land within the Kingdoms of England and Ireland and Dominion of Wales the Isles of Gernsey and Jersey and the Town of Berwick upon Tweed whereby it was to be Declared That the Lords and Commons then Assembled in Parliament or whom they should appoint that was a Council of State of Pickt Grandees should for twenty years have the Militia in their disposal against the King His Heirs and Successors for that term and after that term the same Power to be exercised by the King but with the consent of the Parliament if they shall declare the safety of the Kingdom to be concerned and the Moneys raised for that purpose to be imployed by the same persons in the like manner Which was in effect to take away the Kings Negative Voyce from him and His Heirs for ever Besides it grants an unlimited Power to the two Houses to raise what Forces and of what persons they please and to raise money in what sort and as much and of whom as they shall think fit without any restriction or exception The second was An Act for Iustifying the Proceedings of Parliament in the late War and for Declaring all Oaths Declarations Proclamations and other proceedings against it to be Void whereby they were to bâ— declared to have stood upon the Defensive part their Conscience prickt them with their Blood-guiltiness and they would fain throw it off and by adding more Guilt to it load it upon the Innocent a wicked shift and be Indempnified still they are tormented for all their past
actions therein The third was An Act whereby all Titles and Honour of Peerage conferred on any since the 20 of May 1642. being the day that the Lord Keeper Littleton deserted the Parliament and carried away the Seal were Declared Void And it was further to be Enacted that no person that shall hereafter be made a Peer or his Heirs shall sit or Vote in the Parliament of England without the consent of both Houses of Parliament The fourth was An Act concerning the Adjournment of both Houses of Parliament whereby it was Declared that when and wither the two Houses shall think fit to Adjourn themselves the said Adjournments shall at all times be valid and good and shall not be judged or deemed to end or determine the Session of this Parliament The Proposals were 1. That the new Seal be Confirmed and the old Great Seal and all things passed under it since May 1642. be made Void 2. That Acts be Passed for raising moneys to pay publike Debts 3. That Members of both Houses put from their places by the King be restored 4. That the Cessation in Ireland be made Void and the War left to both Houses 5. That An Act of Indempuity be passed 6. That the Court of Wards be taken away and such Tenures turned into common Soccage 7. That the Treaties between England and Scotland be confirmed and Conservators of the Peace and Vnion appointed 8. That â—he Arrears of the Army be paid out of Bishops Lands Forfeited Estates and Forrests 9. That An Act be passed for abolishing Bishops and all appendants to them 10. That the Ordinance of disposing Bishops Lands be confirmed by Act. 11. That An Act be passed for the sale of Church-lands 12. That Delinquents be proceeded against and their Estates disposed of according to their several Qualifications 13. That an Act be passed for discharge of publike Debts 14. That Acts be passed for setâ—ling the Presbyterian Government and Directory Fâ—urteen of the 39 Articles revised by the Assembly of Divines Rules and Directions concerning suspension from the Lords-Supper 15. That the chief Officers in England and Ireland be named by both Houses 16. That an Act be passed for the conviction of Popish Recusants 17. That an Act be passed for the Education of the Children of Papists by Protestants 18. and 19. Against Papists for levying penalties and prohibiting the hearing of Mass. 20. An Act be passed for Observation of the Lords-day 21. A Bill for Suppressing Innovations 22. And Advancement of Preaching 23. And against Pluralities and Non-residencie Withâ—l The Commissioners were to desire His Majesty to give His Royal Assent to those four Bills by His Letters Patents under the Great Seal of England Signed by His Hand and Notified to the Lords and Commons Assembled together in the House of Peers it not standing then with the safety of the Kingdom for His Majesty to do it otherwise to wit at London and a Bill to be drawn for such Letters Patents to be presented Him and then a Warrant to Edward Earl of Manchester c. whereupon a Committee shall be sent to the Isle of Wight to Treat with Him only It was not intended to shew these shapeless abortions of Laws but that they should have been buried in their Chaos yet being the though unprepared matter of this beautiful Form of the Kings Answer the darkness of the one occasioning and preceding the light of the other they are here represented in this unreasonable lump an◠〈◊〉 Nothing indeed shews them better or it may be said worse so that they 〈…〉 Paraphrase or Comment Give me leave only to insert thâ— Scots sense of 〈◊〉 Bills and Proposals The Commissioners of Scotlanâ— having understood the proceeding of the Parliament in the business now 〈◊〉 publikely protested against it here and immediately followed the Commissioâ—ers to the Isle of Wight where they likewise presented His Majesty with this Paper There is nothing which we have more constantly endeavoured and do more earnestly desire than a good Agreement and happy Vnion between Your Majesty and your Parliaments of both Kingdoms neither have we left any means unessayed that by united Councils with the Parliament of England and making joynt applications to Your Majesty there might be a composition of all differences But the new Propositions communicated to us by the two Houses and the Bills therewith presented to Your Majesty are so prejudicial to Religion the Crown the Vnion and Interest of the Kingdoms and so far different from the former proceedings and engagements betwixt the Kingdoms as we cannot concur therein Therefore we do in the name of the Kingdom of Scotland dissent from these Proposals and Bills tendred to Your Majesty Lowden Lauderdale Charles Erskin Kennedy Berclay This was the first equal and good Office meant the King though they had greater concerns of their own but it something served to justifie the King to His people in His refusal to Sign them The Kings Answer was as followeth For the Speaker of the Lords House pro tempore to be Communicated c. CHARLES REX THe necessity of complying with all engaged Interests in these great distempers for a perfect Settlement of Peace His Majesty finds to be none of the least difficulties he hath met with since the time of His afflictions which is too visible when at the same time that the two Houses of the English Parliament do present to His Majesty several Bills and Propositions for His Consent the Commissioners for Scotland do openly protest against them so that were nothing in the case but the consideration of that difference His Majesty cannot imagine how to give such an Answer to what is now proposed as thereby to promise himself his great End A Perfect Peace And when his Majesty further considers how impossible it is in the condition he now stands to fulfil the desires of his two Houses since the onely ancient and known ways of passing Laws are either by his Majesties personal Assent in the House of Peers or by Commission under his Great Seal of England He cannot but wonder at such failings in the manner of Address which is now made unto him unless his two Houses intend that his Majesty shall allow of a Great Seal made without his Authority before there be any consideration had thereupon in a Treaty which as it may hereafter hazard the security it self so for the present it seems very unreasonable to his Majesty And though his Majesty is willing to believe that the intention of very many in both Houses in sending those Bills before a Treaty was onely to obtain a Trust from him and not to take any advantage by passing them to force other things from him which are either against his Conscience or Honour yet his Majesty believes it's clear to all understandings that these Bills contain as they are now Penned not onely the devesting himself of all Soveraignty and that without possibility of recovering it either to him or his
making him co-ordinate with his Parliament An impious Treasonable Tenet and the corrupt Fountaâ—n and bitter source of all those undutiful and rebellious actions â—gainst that blessed Prince and since damn'd by a Parliament it self in those â—xâ—ress Epithets It thereforâ— the Indians do customarily every night with sorrowful Lamentations take leâ—ve of the Sun whom yet undoubtedly they expect in the Morning no wonder will it seem to posterity nor will these evidences of our consternation before recited be thought an hyperbolical strain if so disconsolately we saw our Sun pulled out of his Orb and darkned in the shadow of Death his Beams cut off and eloigned into obscure and remote corners from whence it was treason against these Princes of Darkness to return and with their hereditary successive influence to re-visit and revive the drooping dying hearts of a forlorn and deserted people Such was our condition in the deprivation and extinguishing of that lamp of life which supplied with so many vertues and graces rendred our Martyr'd Soveraign the most conspicuous of all Monarchs and might have prolonged his days to an extraordinary term so proportionate and fit had God and Nature made him to Eternity The same was our fearful case in the absence and exile of our present miraculously-restored Prince Charles the second whom yet wiser and kinder providence had secured in that cloud and by a timely rescue had in safety conveyed into Forrain Parts out of the reach of these Herods who would have stretched out their Hands also against his innocent and most precious Life Now when there was neither Sun Moon nor Stars the King murthered Regal Authority abolished the Heir excluded the House of Lords turned out of doors and the House of Commons turned into a Den of Thieves and packt Juncto and Conventicle of a most perdite sort of men did these Bats and Scritch-owls usurp the Dominiou of the night of our confusions and take upon them to Enact and give Laws suitable to their interests as rational as true which shewed they concerned the Law-givers not the receivers The first hoarse and ominous noise they made as a foundation and main principle of their wild Government was a fained note to catch the Vulgar and the mad rabble on whom they wholely depended and whom they were to flatter no force into slavery and servitude by the specious hopes of their arriving also in time to be Governours and States-men and to share in the honours and profits of their new Commonwealth This was concluded as is mentioned before in these few words viz. That all power and Authority is originally in the people And in order to that they now emitted a Tidy Act by way of a Proclamation which was with wonderful Expedition sounded all the Kingdom over in these or the like words That where as several pretences might be made to this Crown and Title to the Kingly Office set on foot to the apparent hazard of the publike Peace Be it Enacted and Ordained by this present Parliament and the Authority of the same that no Person whatsoever do presume to Proclaim declare publish or any ways to promote Charles Stuart Son of the said Charles late King of England commonly called Prince of Wales or any other person to be King on chief Magistrate of England or Ireland or of any Dominions belonging to them by colour of Inheritance Succession Election or any other claim whatsoever without the free consent of the People in Parliament first had or signified by a particular Act or Ordinance for that purpose any Law Statute Vsage or Custom to the contrary notwithstanding And whosoever shall contrary to this Act Proclaim or cause to be Proclaimed c. shall be deemed and adjudged a Traytor and suffer accordingly So did they contrive and imagine to obstruct and bar the way to the Throne which themselves had Invaded and parted into shares but such monstrous wickedness boyling up to an excess of malice towards the dead and living Proprietors of the Crown was not suffered to pass without an allay and cooler in a Printed Proclamation thrown about streets letting them see the people would not run a gadding after their Calves at Bethel as they would have fancied to themselves but would keep in the old path and beaten track of Government in the succession of Charles the second to the Majesty of England Which Proclamation was as followeth We the Noblemen Iudges Knights Lawyers Gentlemen Ministers Freeholders Merchants Citizens c. and other Free-men of England do according to our Allegiance and Covenant by these Presents heartily joyfully and unanimously acknowledge and Proclaim the Illustrious Charles Prince of Wales next Heir of the Blood Royal to his Blessed Father King Charles whose late wicked and Trayterous Murder we do from our soâ—ts abominate and all parties and consenters thereunto to be by Hereditary Birth-right and Lawful Succession rightful and undoubted King of Great Britain France and Ireland and the Dominions thereunto belonging And that we will faithfully constantly and sincerely in our several places and callings defend and maintain his Royal Person Crown and Dignity with our Blates Lives and last drop of our Blood against all Opposers thereof whom we do hereby declare to be Traytors and Enemies to his Majesty and his Kingdoms In Testimony whereof we have ordered and caused these to be published and Proclaimed throughout all Countries and Corporations of this Realm the first day of February and the first year of his Majesties Raign God save King Charles the second This without any solemnity or indeed open appearance met with the chearful reception and inward Loyal resolutions as if vent had been given to a publike manifestation of Duty and Joy upon his Majesties present accession to the Crown for it revived the Hearts of mourning and disconsolate Subjects to see the sure and certain Succession thereof to be continued in the same most beloved name the Eldest Branch and descendant of their Martyr'd Soveraign in whose ruines the Regicides thought to have raked up and buried all the claims and just Titles to this Impartial Diadem In tendency whereunto they first considered how to keep the honest Members the Army had Secluded from entring in again that they might not have too many partakers in the spoil of the Kingdoms and therefore another Legislative by-blow was Enacted That all those Members that had assented to the Vote of the 5 of December concerning the Kings Concessions should never be re-admitted and such as Voted in the Negative should presently enter their said dissent or before they were to be admitted And this characteristical discrimination they most punctually insisted on to the very last as the main Pillar of their Oligarchy and we shall see this difference hardly laboured throughout their Usurpation On the 5 of February they fell again upon the standing remains of the dissolved Government the Peerage and Nobility of the Kingdom whose medling in
the Execution of the like Condemnation as also did Sir Iohn Owen who with a Britain confidence denied every tittle of the Charge against him especially that part relating to the death or Master Loyd the Sheriff of Cardigan and came off with the same danger and the like success as the Lord preceding whose Fate being referred to the Parliament proved fortunate but by the decision of one Vote 24 to 24 being divided in the question of his life and as I Remember it was the saving double voice of Lenthall the Speaker Sir Iohn Owen was carried more affirmatively the rest all in the Negative being turned off with their Ladies and their Relations Petitions to the same High Court who to shew their civility more than their mercy were pleased to gratifie the Ladies with a respit of two days as long as their Commission and power lasted On the 9th of March the Duke the Earl of Holland and Lord Capel being guarded from Saint Iames's to Sir Robert Cottons House the next fatal Stage of late to the Scaffold were severally brought to the Palace-Yard through the Hall their Judges then sitting and looking fore-right upon their Execution The Duke ascended first and to give him his due he kept a good seeming decorum in his last words and actions The Earl of Holland succeeded to this bloody Theatre who very Christianly penitently and compassionately enough prepared him for his end justifying his honest intentions in that his first and last action for the King and intimating that Duty we all owed to our present Soveraign and so suffered for him But the Lord Capel like a true Christian Heroe as he came last so did he sum up all both in his Speech Countenance and Gestures that was good praise-worthy and generous in them both resolutely asserting his own actions his late Soveraigns Cause and his present Majesties Rights recommending him to his people as the great example of true English worth and as the onely hope of the Kingdom So as with Sampson he may be said to have done these Philistins more harm at his Death than in all his Life raising and renewing the desires of the people after so deserving a Prince This Tragedy being over they resume afresh the debate of what persons were yet within their Clutches any way obnoxious to their Cannibal-Idol of Justice who could not be pleased but with whole Hecatombs and therefore the Noble Sir Iohn Stowel and Judge Ienkins those Champions of Law and Loyalty with Captain Brown Bushell were next ordered to be put in that fatal List of Traytors against their Commonwealth the Marquess of Winchester and Bishop Wren who had lain prisoner from the beginning of our Troubles hardly escaping the like dangerous qualification which was upon a â—orged information intended likewise against Major-General Brown and Sir Iohn Clotworthy and to that purpose the Case of all those secluded and thereafter imprisoned Members was ordered to a Committee to make a discrimination of their offences and render those two the most liable to their severity As for those who had escaped their hands by departing the Kingdom they satisfied their indignation by a decree of perpetual Banishment and present death upon the return of any so sentenced The chief of these besides the Kings Majesty whom God long preserve and the Duke of York c. were the Earl of Bristol the Duke of Buckingham the Lord Digby Lord Cottington Marquesses of Newcastle and Worcester Sir Edward Hide Lord Culpeper Lord Widdrington and some others who were very well satisfied they could do no more to them and were then following â—he hopeful fortunes of the King The rest of that unfortunate party were put to Ransome a Fine being set upon their Heads proportionable to their Estates to be paid within such times or else to be in the same predicament with the condemned Having thus made good their Conspiracy or by them stiled Agreement of bringing Delinquents to Justice that the exactness of their dire performances might credit thâ—ir intentions and resolutions and make them seem to the Vulgar the most impartial lovers of their Lives and Liberties but rather of their Estates they proceeded in the political part of Government by filling up their Committee of Estates to the number of 41. who were ordered particularly to enter their Assent to whatsoever the Juncto had done in reference to the King and Lords before they should act in that Committee and Cromwel thereupon reported to the House being impowered by them that of that just number 22 had refused to engage as to what was past but would joyn with them for the future and acknowledge the Supreme Power to be vested in them There could no expedient be found to salve this sore so they were contented to cicatrize it and gently lay aside all disputes or further contrasts about it but though they past it without doors they would not so within but totally precluded any further pretences of the Members of taking their places in Parliament who in some numbers returned to Westminster for they Voted That all such as â—ad absented themselves from the 5 of December should not sit till further order which was never vouchsafed till such claimers had given evidence of their adherence and closing with them In this same Month to take away the same dignity and priviledge as the House of Lords was to them from the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen and to make the Government of London à la mode Democratical they ordered a Quorum of the Common-Council to act without the Lord Mayor or the said Aldermen if they should refuse to joyn with them and not long after to put another affront though distant some space of time being the 24 of March ensuing upon the Mayor they order him to proclaim their Act for abolishing Kingly Government which he disdainfully and generously refusing his Lady likewise not suffering their Messenger that brought it to drink in her House but bidding him return to his Masters for his Wages upon the report thereof by Alderman Atkins a Member of their House they Voted him Imprisonment in the Tower for two Months and to be degraded of his Honour and disfranchised and to pay 2000 l. to be distributed among the Poor of Westminster the Hamlets and Southwark which was rigidly levied and Alderman Andrews one of the Kings Judges was Elected in his place for whose choice at his presentment for their approbation the House gave the City thanks and ordered the Barons of the Exchequer to swear him in these words That he should be faithful to the Commonwealth as it was now established in the Government of the City where he in state Proclaimed the said Act though the people hooted and reviled it and cryed aloud God save the King and would have made worse work but that the Guards of Horse awed them Alderman Sir Thomas Soams and Alderman Chambers for absenting themselves and justifying their conscientious refusal
as from former Oaths were likewise degraded from their Dignity in the City Alderman Culham and Gibs excused themselves by business in the Country at the same time Aâ— Exeter likewise the Mayor and Sheriffs refused to act or joyn in Commission with Baron Wilde sent down that Circuit and divers other places were very stiff in complyance with these new Masters but their Iron Bodies quickly brought them to perform those new Instructions the Parliament had given for altering the Patents and the Oaths of Sheriffs as in all Indictments a little before instead of Contra Coronam Dignitatem they had ordered it Contra Rempublicam pacem publicam and so Mutatis Mutandis To compleat the Martyrology of those that fell with and accompanied their Soveraign Colonel Laugâ—orn Colonel Powel and Colonel Poyer were now brought before a Court Martial for the Welch Insurrection at Saint Fagons and Pembroke where they were all three Condemned but at the importunity of their Wives and Friends the General was pleased to exempt two of them such as the Lot should spare which being delivered out of a Hat by a little Child fell upon Poyer his scroll of Paper being a Blank the other haâ—ing written in it Life given by the Lord. Accordingly Poyer was Executed in Coâ—ent-garden against Bedford-House-wall on the 25 of April where he died in some reluctancy but ought nevertheless to be numbred with other Loyal Sacrifices from whom therefore I could not though against order of time disjoyn him Nor indeed is the thred of this Chronicle possible to keep straight in such a diversity and multitude of transcurrencies which weave it up and down in the various confusions of this new-fashioned State but we shall now proceed more regularly Our Lords a Westminster having lickt their Cub into some form and shewed us a glimpse of its Complexion and how like it was to its monstrous Parent a Rebellion in the shapes ensuing Yet first we must Northward in our way to Scotland and behold Pomfret-Castle that had held out 9 Months now delivered after much debate to Major-General Lambert with this condition That Colonel Morris the Governour and five more should be exempted from Mercy but if they could escape any way they might attempt it betwixt the Agreement and the Surrender the Article to stand force otherwise to all purposes These six-divided themselves into two parties wherâ—of Morris Cornet Blackburn and another broke quite through the Leaguer but the other three were taken the rest of the Garrison had liberty to go home leaving two Months Provision and some Ammunition behind them Lambert was the willinger to give these terms for the easing of the Country which by reason of an Armies lying before it so long was wasted and exhausted of all provisions who to avoid the like future inconveniencies sollicited and procured the Demolition of that Castle which from the Grave of Richard the second became now the Sepulcher of departed Layalty whose last efforts Expired here as became the repository of a Princes Ashes and his Royal Manes There is something to be said in this place concerning the seizing of Lieutenant-Colonel Iohn Lilburn Master Walwyn Master Prince and others of the Levelling Faction which began now to shew it self in the same rise and danger to the Independent Faction as that did to the Presbyterian but we will take that story all together upon which account we refer the Reader likewise as to the sale of the Kings Goods Moveables and Houshouldstuff now condemned there to a more exact account in the year following which begins with the Scotch affairs Anno Dom. 1649. THe Estates and Parliament and the whole nation of Scotland having received Advertisement of the horrible Murther of the King to the impeding whereof they had used what endeavour they could by their Commissioners intermediation at London did with all manifestation and expressions of sorrow bewail and deplore his Death and on the 6 of February ensuing to testifie the truth of their constant Allegiance to the Crown did in most solemn manner Proclaim his Son King Charles the second at Edingburgh the Cross there being hung with Tapistry and the Parliament-Lords in their Robes the Chancellour himself reading the said Proclamation reciting the Murther of the King to the King at Arms and the night concluded with all usual Demonstrations of joy and gladness This being over the Estates sent an expostulatory Letter to their former Brethren at Westminster concerning their proceedings with the King and were in the mean time by Letters flattered with the cajole of good amity and friendship and other fineries from those Regicides with many other flams of advantage if they would concur with or acquieâ—ce in what the Mogens of Independency had done in England But the passion of the Scot as seeing how his Countries Honour had been lost by the same Trayterous proffers boiled too high and would give no ear to such overtures nor would they enter into any Treaty with them nor own them directing their Messages to the Honourable William Lenthall Speaker of the House of Commons unless they were a free Parliaments consisting of both Houses without any force upon or seclusion of their Members The Scots were mainly intent upon another guess Treaty with the King and Sir Ioseph Douglas was ordered to be gone forthwith to give his Mejesty an account at the Hague what they had done and were preparing to do when on a sudden some of the Mackenzeys a great Sept in the North of Scotland and the Lord Freezer's Brother seized Innerness for the King and put them into perpleased Counsels about it The news whereof those at Westminster thought a good occaâ—ion for them to lay hold upon in order to a rupture with their King and when that distemper came to the Head some of the Gourdens whose Father the Marquess of Huntly was Beheaded about the beginning of March when he died a resolute Royalist with Lieutenant-General Middleton who had made an escape from Barwick into those parts and the Lord Rea joyning with them they failed not of doing their devoir by offering their assistance and inceâ—sinâ— the Scots against the King for whose sole sake they said all those Troubles wâ—râ— and still were like to be raised and fomented but Colonel Ker and Straâ—ghan defeating that party killing 400 and taking the Lord Rea and 800 Prisoners and Middleton submitting that disturbance ended and the Kingdom was again reduced into peace and quietness The Commissioners in the mean while were dispatched to the King being one Earl one Lord one Burgess and one Minister of which the Earl of Cassils was the chief and their Commissioners at London viz. the Earl of Lâ—thian Sir Iohn Cheisly and Master Glendonning remanded who having sent a peremptory Paper to the Juncto withdrew themselves privately intending to pass by Sea to Scotland but at Gravesend they were intercepted and by a Guard conveyed by
and trom his Castles shooting at some of the Frigats who adventured within their reach a Quarrel arose betwixt that King and this State whose Men of War seized on nine Brazile-ships as they were passing into that Harbour The Estates of Scotland had now notice of the Kings present coming into that Kingdom the Earl of Dunfermling Mr. Murrey and Sir William Fleming being sent before by the King to acquaint them therewith when the two last were dispatcht again to give the King to understand the exceptions they took against some uncovenanted Scotch Lords as Hamilton and Lauderdail and other English Royalists coming over with Him but before their Arrival the King was shipt having newly received the distastful intelligence of the Murther of his faithful Servant the Marquess of Montross which as Cases then stood He was forced to pass by having expostulated very sorrowfully thereof with the Parliament who by all means endeavoured to smooth and colour that perpetration with the Vows of their Allegiance in order whereunto they said they Executed that Nobleman and some others with him viz. Sir Iohn Vrrey Colonel Spotswood Ogilby and Sibbald a very inauspicious entrance and beginning of a right understanding between his Majesty and them that was cemented with such Loyal Blood The King as was said before shipt himself at Terbeyden a Village neer the Hague aboard a Friggot an excellent Sailor Commanded by young Van Trump old Van Trump attending the King on board and charging his Son to do his utmost devoir for the Kings preservation and with Tears parting for there was some intelligence of the English Fleet lying to intercept him there were also two other Men of War in Company who carried his Goods and Retinue well provided and alike able for Fight and Defence With these Ships He had not long been under sail but a Tempest drove Him upon one of the Danish Islands unknown to the Fleet but where they were most humanely and civilly Treated and whence after a tedious Navigation they Arrived at the Spey in the North of Scotland Colonel Graves and Captain Titus alone of the English attending on his person just as the English King-catchers were set sail from thence under their Admiral Popham to seek out after him At His Arrival He was Complemented in great State by the Nobility and brought to Saint Iohnstons and so to Sterling being presented in the way with very great gifts according to the ability of that Nation who were now rising generally in Arms and a Party of Horse under Major Cuningham sent to visit the English Borders and to get intelligence for the Messenger they had sent to London Colonel Gray was secured at which time Mr. Prin was laid up in Dunster-Castle and dismissed with a Guard back again unheard an Answer being then in preparation to be sent by a General a more honourable and more powerfully-attended Officer That Command of course was devolved upon the Lord Fairfax and he desired to accept it but he being inscrupled by some of the Presbyterian Ministers who were highly incensed at this War as it was cunningly foreseen by Oliver and his Party who never endeavoured his satisfaction and pretending a reluctancy from the obigations of the National Covenant to engage against their Brethren totally declined it transferring the long-expected Military Supremacy by a Vote of the Parliament to Cromwel who very zealously accepted the Charge and with all readiness prepared for the Expedition which makes the second Trophy or Garland of these strangely and wonderfully prosperous Free-States of England On the 12 of Iune it had been resolved that the Army should Advance Northward but it was the middle of Iuly before they Arrived there for on the 21 of that Month Cromwel quartered at Berwick from whence he sent a Letter and Declaration to the Committee of Estates fraught with hypocritical canting expressions which the said Committee supprest returning answer that they would reply to it by Messengers of their own And lest any of their people should be deluded by the like fair words they made it Treason for any person to Correspond with the English and fell a driving all their Cattle and Provisions in the parts next adjacent to them beyond Edenborough Cromwel's Army was now reckoned 16000 men effective with which he came first to Mardington his Head-quarters Iuly 25. thence to Hadington within 12 miles of Edenborough on the Hills whereabout the Scots had Encamped themselves declining to Engage till their additional Forces were come off the Higâ—-lands On the 25 of Iuly the English advanced and attempted one of the said Hills where a small party of the Scots were and beat them presently off when a party of Scotch Horse fell in their Rear with such fury and vigour that they wholly disordered it and with Reserves and fresh Bodies seconded and pursued this advantage which being perceived by Major-General Lambert and Colonel Whaley who had the Rear-guard they couragiously Repulsed them to their Trenches in which action Lambert had his Horse shot under him was râ—n through the Arm with a Lance and was taken Prisoner but was rescued by one Lieutenant Empson This past and the Army wet and weary on their way to Muscleborough Betwixt 3 and 4 in the Morning another party of some 1500 Horse the flower of the Army being veterane Blades under the Command of Colonel Montgomery and Straughan fell with great fury and more exact valour upon them betwixt sleeping and waking and brought a terrible fright and dismay upon the whole Army Charging almost clear through upon the Sands but returning with their Prisoners were set upon by fresh Troops under Colonel Okey in good order and forced to double their speed home to their Camp having lost 100 men to the same number in the former attempt and some of their Officers slain and wounded but came off otherwise with Honour enough giving the Invaders little hopes of so easie a Victory and Conquest as the Fates had decreed to them and their invincible Fortune At Home the Parliament was busie about their High Court of Iustice and making orders for the Composition of Royalists excluding all such who within six weeks from their last limitation some time before should not effectually have finished it and in order thereunto they Debated upon an Act August the 6 being pressed for Money to carry on this great undertaking abroad for the sale of Delinquents Lands and Voted so many Estates to be sold as would make up security for 200000 l. and that an Act should likewise be Passed for doubling on the Purchases of those Estates of Deans and Chapters c. And into this black list the Earl of Derby was now put and other unfortunate Royalists of which hereafter In the Month of Iune Doctor Levens formerly a Doctor of the Civil-law who had all along served the King was apprehended in his Lodgings being set by the State-spies and several Commissions from the King and
discourses were concerning his Death as either partie wished for he was brought very low but being recovered to some degree of Health by these Gentlemen it was presently sounded like a Proclamation and I have therefore thought fit to transcribe a piece of the Letter that the World may see what queer Hypocrites his Attendants like himself and his times were by the pious Nonsense and most Blasphemous Flattery of this Apocryphal Epistle If I knew the Secretary or Inditer I would Chronicle him for his Pen. Truly Sir His Life and Health are exceeding precious and I account it every day a greater mercy than other that we have his Life observing that every dispensation of God draws him nearer to himself and makes him more Heavenly and Holy and by consequence more useful for his Generation in the management of that power God hath Committed to him c. The Parliament of Scotland after long debate had Passed an Act of Olivion for all things done thitherto inviting thereby all Parties to joyn in carrying on the Service of King and Kingdom and a new Engagement with the Sacrament was taken by the Kings Army to adhere to him whereupon all Faction and Division seemed to be laid aside the Royalists and Kirk-men good Friends and the Earl of Calendar made Commander in chief of the new Levies and this newly made Peace and Friendship was no more than just necessary for the Wolf was at the Door and ready to seize In the interim it was thought expedient for some of their Horse to march to Dumfrize in the West of Scotland now deserted by the Enemy and to make more considerable Levies On the 7 of May Mr. Love Mr. Ienkins Mr. Drake and other Presbyterians had been seized by order of the Council of State in order to their Tryal before the High Court of Iustice as yet standing by Adjournments and having three times convened before them old and resolute Sir Iohn Stawel who so gravelled them that at the third Hearing they were forced to desist from the pursuit of his Blood and making report thereof to the Parliament they Voted the sale of his Estate giving him sad cause to complain with Iob With the Skin of my Teeth am I escaped making an exception to that general Rule Vestigia cerno omnia te adversum spectantia nulla retrorsum He first escaping Condemnation at that Tribunal Now the aforesaid Ministers with some Laicks Engaged in the said practise for the King were brought thither and Mr. Love first and principally charged with High Treason against the State for holding correspondence with the King and his Party and supplying them with Money contrary to an Act of Parliament in that case provided After several appearances in all which Mr. Love very undauntedly disputed the Court one Mr. Iackson a Minister denying to give in Evidence against him was fined 500 l. and committed to the Fleet which made him more passionate and confident but the accusation being at last proved against him he desired Lawyers to assist him and had them assigned but they not having taken the Engagement would not be admitted to Plead Mr. Hales onely excepted In sum his main defence appearing to be equivocal in that he averr'd he did not personally correspond neither Write nor receive Letters nor send any or receive any Money to that use himself and to consist also of an allegation of his merits mixt with invectives against the Court and its Authority which he aided with Scripture-proof in an Oration of two hours on the 15 of Iune On the 5 of Iuly they proceeded to Sentence which was that he should be Beheaded the time appointed the 15 day of the same Month which by several Petitions of his Wife and others was respited to the 15 of August And in the mean time on the 18 of the same Month Mr. Potter an Apothecary in Black-friers and one Mr. Gibbons were tryed before the same Court Potter confessed and craved their mercy Gibbons pleaded matter of Law but on the 25 of Iuly they were both Sentenced as Mr. Love who not coming up to the Parliaments expectation of discovery and more humble submission and acknowledgement of their Authority and the King advanced into England had his Reprieve cassated by the Parliament who referring him to the High Court of Iustice they ordered his Execution with Gibbons on the 22 of August which was done on Tower-hill accordingly Mr. Love resolutely enough and I am loath to prejudice his Memory for his designe was good proof of his Loyalty Gibbons bewrayed something of pusillanimity as being a Taylor and after a kind of Sollicitor to Mr. Hollis for whose relation more than his own guilt he was thought fit to suffer for when the Blow was just a coming upon his Neck he turned his Eyes and Face towards the Executioner in hopes or desire at least of some Reprieve but present Death freed him with other troubles and sollicitudes of Life from that sudden anxiety And so we have done with our High Court of Iustice for this Session This High Court of Iustice was so much their darling that the antient Judicatures had little or no respect especially they could not endure any of those Courts that more immediately related to the King and as they had changed the name of his Bench to the Vpper-Bench so now that there might remain no footsteps of a Court or the Majesty of a Prince they abolished the Marshals-Court at Southwarke which was a kinde of a peculiar Kings-Bench for the Verge that is 12 miles circuit every way round the Kings Residence and Palace that there might be no annoyance nor disorder committed neer his Person It was resolved therefore Iuly the 8 that the Court of the Knight-Marshal held in Southwarke should be from and after the first of August next absolutely dissolved and taken away and no further Suit Action or Proceeding to be had thereupon About this time they passed another Act which as that struck at the Root of the Royalty of England so this lopt the Branches that clave to it viz. An Act for the sale of Delinquents Lands such as had with the utmost of their Lives and Fortunes served the late King in our unnatural Wars It will be needless and too bulky to name them particularly we will mention onely some of the principal the Duke of Buckingham the Marquesses of Newcastle Worcester Winchester the Earls of Cleveland Norwich Scarsdale the Lords Hapton Wilmot Langdale Gerard Cottington Iermin Percy Culpeper Hide and lastly the Lord Craven whose Princely Estate was enough to help them to a quarrel against him which they managed by a perjured Fellow one Faulkner into a suspition of Treason he deposing that the said Lord Craven had delivered a Petition to the King at Breda from him and other Cavalier-Officers wherein the Parliament were termed Bloody and Barbarous Rebels and Traytors This wretched subornation was laid
which this Kingdom hath been involved since the violent attempts to dissolve the Established Government the best way to make up those breaches is by all means to obtain the Restoration of the King to his people and that in order thereunto a Letter from both Houses drawn up by a Committee shall be sent to the King giving him thanks for his gracious Offers and professing their duty and loyalty to him and that Sir Iohn Greenvil have the thanks of the House and 500 l. bestowed on him by the Commons to buy him a Jewel as a Testimony of the respects of the House to him and a badge of Honour which they thought fit to place upon him all which was with great solemnity punctuality performed Moreover to testifie their hearty obedience to his Majesty they ordered the sum of 50000 l. as a Present for him which was instantly borrowed with 50000 l. more of the City of London who having desired leave of the Parliament returned a like dutiful Answer with a Present also to his Majesty and his two Brothers having honourably received the Lord Viscount Mordant and the said Sir Iohn Greenvil who brought them his Majesty's Letters who also acknowledged their Quality and good Offices by 300 l. given them to buy them Rings Nor were the Souldiery wanting to this concourse and stream of general Affection and Loyalty to his Majesty for upon communication of his Majesty's Letters and Declaration they quickly drew up an Address to the General wherein they shewed their willing and ready submission as formerly in all Transactions to him their General so in this their perfect Duty to the King To whom they doubted not to evince that his Excellencie and the Army under his Command and those engaged in the Parliaments Cause had complied with the Obligations for which they were raised The Preservation of the Protestant Religion the Honour and Happiness of the King the Priviledges of Parliament the Liberty and Proprieties of the Subject and the Fundamental Laws of the Land This was seconded by the Navy under the General Montague now Earl of Sandwich to whom and the Fleet under him the King had sent the like Letters and Declaration the Sea ringing with the peals of Ordnance upon the communication of the said Papers and lastly the Governour Colonel Harlow and Garrison of Dunkirk did the same by an Address to his Excellencie A Committee was appointed to consider the manner of his Majesties Return and to prepare all things necessary for his Reception they likewise ordered his Majesty's Arms to be set up in all Churches and the Commonwealths to be taken down and that all Proceedings be in the Kings Majesties name and that the present Great Seal be made use of till further order that there might be no hindrance or stop in the proceeding of Justice Easter-Term was likewise prorogued that no business might interfere with this grand and expected Affair of the Settlement of the Kingdom All Officers as Sheriffs Justices that were in commission the 25 of April to continue and exercise the respective Offices in the King's Name It was Resolved further That the King's Majesty be desired to make a speedy return to his Parliament and to the exercise of his Kingly-Office and that in order thereunto several Commissioners from both Houses be sent to the King at Breda with their Letters to his Majesty Doctor Clargys now Sir Thomas the General 's Brother having been before sent with his to the King and to acquaint him with the said Desires and Votes of the Houses To these Commissioners others were added from the City of London the Names of them all are as followeth For the House of Lords Earl of Oxford Earl of Warwick staid at London sick of the Gout Earl of Middlesex Lord Viscount Hereford Lord Berckley Lord Brook For the House of Commons The Lord Fairfax Lord Bruce Lord Falkland Lord Castleton Lord Herbert Lord Mandevil Sir Horatio now Lord Townsend Sir Anthony now Lord Ashly Cooper Sir George Booth now Lord De la mere Denzill now Lord Hollis Sir Henry Holland Sir Iohn Cholmley For the City of London Sir Iames Bunce Baronet Alderman Langham Alderman Reynardson Alderman Sir Richard Browne Sir Nicholas Crisp Alderman Tompson Alderman Frederick Alderman Adams Sir William Wilde Recorder Sir Iohn Robinson Alderman Sir Anthony Bateman Sir William Wale Sir Theophilus Biddulph Sir Richard Ford Sir William Vincent Sir Thomas Bludworth Sir William Bateman Sir Iohn Lewis Master Chamberlain and Sir Laurence Bromfield all of them not Knighted before Knighted by the King at the Hague upon their arrival the King being removed thither from Breda as nearer and more convenient for his shipping the disposal whereof and of the whole Fleet was remitted to his Majesty's pleasure the General Montague having received Orders to obey his Majesty's Commands and Directions therein The Instructions being delivered to the Commissioners they set Sail in several Frigots appointed to attend them and with some foul Weather Landed in Holland where they were graciously and favourably received by his Majesty at the Hague I may not omit that the reception of Sir Thomas Clergys from the General was as an Embassador from a Prince the Lord Gerard with many Coaches being sent to conduct him to Audience where Mr. Hollis into whose hands the Letters were intrusted for the delivery spoke for the House of Commons the Earl of Oxford for the Lords and Sir William Wilde for the City Those that were there at their Audience agreed in Opinion that never person spoke with more affection or in better terms than Master Hollis He insisted chiefly upon the Miseries the Kingdoms had groaned under by the tyranny of the pretended Parliament and Cromwel which should now be exchanged into their repose quiet and lawful liberty beseeching his Majesty in the name of his people to return and resume the Scepter c. and assured him he should be infinitely welcome without any terms a thing so much stomacked by the Phanaticks but most just and honourable After several Treatments given the King by the Dutch which he shortned as much as he could and other Complements by Forraign Ministers to whom he gave publick Audience the Portugal only excepted and Spaniard having notice of the Fleets arrival which consisted of near Forty Sail of great Men of War he prepared to depart At this time came also to his hands the Proclamation made in London as a little before returned Sir Iohn Greenvil with the happy news of his peoples love and entire affection The Proclamation followeth being very fit to be recorded that which we mentioned in the second Part being but an earnest of this ALthough it can no way be doubted but that his Maiesties Right and Title to these Crowns and Kingdoms is and was every way compleat by the Death of his most Royal Father of Glorious Memory without the Ceremony or Solemnity of a Proclamation Yet since
Proclamations in such cases have been always used to the end that all good Subjects might upon this occasion testifie their Duty and Respect And since the Armed Uiolence and other the Calamities of many years last past have hitherto deprived us of any opportunity wherein we might express our Loyalty and Allegiance to his Majesty We therefore the Lords and Commons now assembled in Parliament together with the Lord Mayor Aldermen and Common-Council of the City of London and other Free-men of this Kingdom now present do according to our Duty and Allegiance heartily joyfully and unanimously Acknowledge and Proclaim That immediately upon the decease of our late Soveraign King CHARLES the First the Imperial Crown of the Realm of England and of all the Kingdoms Dominions and Rights belonging to the same did by Inherent Birthright and lawful undoubted Succession descend and come to his Most Excellent Majesty King CHARLES the Second as being lineally justly and lawfully next Heir of the Blood Royal of this Realm and that by the goodness and providence of Almighty God He is of England Scotland and Ireland the most Potent Mighty and Undoubted King And thereunto We most humbly and faithfully do submit and oblige our Selves our Heirs and Posterities for ever This was Solemnized with the greatest Magnificence and joy possible the Lords and Commons and Lord Mayor attending it the shouts and acclamations at the reading of it in Cheap-side were so loud and great that Bow-bells or any other Bells in the Town though all then Ringing could not be heard All was concluded with unspeakable mirth and numerous Bonefires at night which yielded not their flames but to the rising Sun I shall not intrude other matters at home into this grand Affair but reserve them until â—hereafter and proceed The Dutch also as knowing it would please the King enlarged their Civilities and respects to the Commissioners of the Parliament and City who received them from their Deputies with much satisfaction likewise several Provisions were sent aboard the Fleet and the General He also complemented with the Kings Restitution For a Conclusion of those great Magnificences with which they had entertained his Majesty a Fortnight they resolved to give him a Farewel-Treatment with all the sumptuousness expressible which they performed and in the end presented him with the richest Bed and Furniture with Tapestry for Hangings imbossed with Gold and Silver and adorned with Pictures as could be had the Bed was made at Paris for the Princess of Orange but her Husband dying Eight days before she was delivered it was never used A little before this time Sir Samuel Moreland Thurloe's Agent for Oliver at the Court of Savoy came to the King where he was kindly received having done the King several good Offices and discovered the intrigues of Oliver and the Rump and was Knighted he revealed also several eminent Royalists as Sir Richard Willis Colonel Bamfield and others who betrayed the King's Affairs and Friends to Oliver Hither also about the same time came Sir George Downing who was also graciously received who had done the like good services for his Majesty and was likewise Knighted and continued his Majesties Resident with the States On Sunday the 20 th of May the King heard Doctor Hardy after Dean of Rochester Preach before him the place intended was the French-Church after their Sermon but they knowing of it being greedy to see the King would not come out of their Seats so that it was done in the Princesses Lodgings Here the King touched many of the Evil. In the mean while the Duke of York took the Oath of Allegiance of the Fleet having gone aboard the Naseby where the General treated him which Ship at his departure when the shore resounded with the Artillery he called the Charles as afterwards the whole Fleet was new Christened in their way homewards The King having thanked the States General and of Holland in their Publick Assemblies whither he went on foot took his leave of them recommending to them the interest of his Sister and Nephew the Prince of Orange and was re-saluted by them upon the same as also by the several Ministers of the several Princes one whereof the Count of Oldenham sent an Embassador with Credentials to the King just before his departure being the sole Minister so qualified while his Majesty staid at the Hague On Wednesday the 22 of May Stilo veteri the King departed and it may be said there was no night between Tuesday and that particularly for those who found no place to put their heads in the houses not being able to lodge the croud of people that ran there from all the neighbouring Towns the most part whereof were constrained to walk the streets though the wiser sort took up their Quarters for their advantage of seeing the King's departure on Downs and Sand-hills which bordered all along the Sea-coast where they might see the Fleet and the King Embarquing so that it is a question whether the Hollander more wondered or we more joyed The Speech spoken by the States of Holland at his Farewel for the notableness thereof is here inserted IF one may judge of the content which we have to see your Majesty depart from our Province by the satisfaction we had to possess you we shall have no great trouble to make it known to you Your Majesty might have observed in the Countenance of all our people the joy they had in their hearts to see a Prince cherished of God a Prince wholly miraculous and a Prince that is probably to make a part of their Quietness and Felicity Your Majesty shall see presently all the streets filled all the ways covered and all the hills loaden with people which will follow you even to the place of your Embarquement and would not leave you if they had wherewith to pass them to your Kingdom Our joy is common unto us with that of our Subjects but as we know better than they the inestimable value of the Treasure we possess so are we more sensible of this sad separation It would be insupportable to us Sir if we re-entred not into our selves considered not that it is the thing of the world we most desired and the greatest advantage also that we could wish to your Majesty We acquiesce therein because we know that this removal is no less necessary for us than glorious to your Majesty and that 't is in your Kingdom that we must finde the accomplishment of the prayers we have made and make still for you and us so shall we not fail to profit thence as well as from the assurances which it hath pleased you to give us of an immutable affection towards this Republick We render most humble thanks unto your Majesty for them and particularly for the illustrious proof which it hath pleased you to give us thereof by the glorious Visit wherewith you honoured our Assembly We shall conserve the memory of it
Fourth the Demeasnes and Jurisdiction whereof lay in the Dutchy of Normandy in France under the English Soveraginty and Earl of Torrington in his own native County of Devon and Baron of Potheridge his own Patrimony Beauchamp and Teyes by which he hath right of Peerage in the three Kingdoms whose equal Felicity and Honour he advanced and raised before himself and now most deservingly shared with them by his Investiture in these Dignities which were compleated Iuly the 13 by his taking his place in the House of Lords attended by the House of Commons and introduced by the Duke of Buckingham In the same month General Montague was created Earl of Sandwich Viscount Hinchingbrooke his famous Mannor in Huntingtonshire and Baron of St. Neots in the same County and on the 16 of Iuly took likewise his place in the House of Peers where they both shine with that degree of splendor by which the Duke reduced and the Earl dawned at the day of Englands Glory and Liberty The Duke of Ormond was likewise made Earl of Brecknock and took his place among the Peers of England he was also made Lord Steward of his Majesties Houshold as the Earl of Lindsey was made Lord High-Chamberlain the Earl of Manchester Lord Chamberlain of his Majesties Houshold and the Earl of Southampton Lord High-Treasurer of England Sir Frederick Cornwallis was made Treasurer of the Kings Houshold by an old Grant and Sir Iohn Berkley Comptroller and other Royalists were made Officers therein Several presents were made to the King from the several Cities and Boroughs of the Kingdom in Gold and Plate and resignation of Fee-farm-rents purchased from the Usurpers among the rest the City of London with a Complement of their good Stewardship by the mouth of their Recorder Sir William Wilde rendred their like Grant of New Parke in Surrey All the Rents accruing at Michaelmas-day were now secured from the late Purchasers of Kings Queens Bishops Dean and Chapters lands for the use of the right and unquestionable Proprietors to the defeating the miserable and unjust covetousness of such undue and unwarrantable penniworths A splendid Embassy came this Month of August from Denmark to congratulate his Majesties most happy Restitution as a little before the Lord Iermyn newly made Earl of Saint Albans the Title last failing in the renowned Marquess of Clanrickard Vlick de Burgh who had so eminently asserted his Majesties Rights in Ireland and after the reduction thereof came into England and died in London in some distress far unfitting his nobleness of minde as well as former most honourable Estate a while before the Kings Return was sent to France in the quality of Lord Embassador Extraordinary to that Crown Soon after the Prince de Ligne with a right Princely Train and retinue becoming the grandeur of the Affair he was sent to Congratulate from his Majesty of Spain betwixt whom and this Kingdom a Peace after a six years War was lately Proclaimed was with great state received and had solemn Audience by the King and departed and was succeeded by the Baron of Battevile to be Resident and Embassador in Ordinary at this Court. From the French King soon after came another Illustrious and grand Personage upon the same account by name the Count of Soissons who had married the Cardinal's Neece and entred and was entertained here with all sumptuous and extraordinary Magnificence In sum there was no Prince nor State in Europe who sent not or were not a sending their Embassador upon this wonderful occasion The Parliament after many debates and disputes alterations and insertions at last finished the Act of Oblivion which was extraordinary comprehensive and indulgent to the regret of many injured Royalists who found no better perswasive to their acquiescence in it but their unalterable duty to the King whose special Act this was Out of this were only excepted the Regicides and Murderers of their late Soveraign as to Life and Estate besides Colonel Lambert and Sir Henry Vane and Twenty others reserved to such Forfeitures as should by Parliament be declared the principal of these were Sir Arthur Haselrig Oliver Saint Iohn William Lenthal the Speaker Mr. Ny the Independent Minister Burton of Yarmouth and some Sequestrators Officers and Major-Generals of the Army amongst whom was Desborough Pine Butler Ireton c. They passed likewise an Act for a perpetual Anniversary Thanksgiving on the 29 of May the day of his Majesties Birth and Restauration a day indeed memorable and the most auspicious in our English Kalendar and worthy of a Parliaments Canonization Both which his Majesty gave his Royal Assent to as at the Adjournment to another for Disbanding of the Army and paying off the Navy which once looked upon us with the same feared perpetual danger as the Mamalukes or Ianizaries but by this happy conjuncture of his Majesties Fortune with his Wisdom and Goodness yielded after many Modules to its last Dissolution Great sums by Pole-money and other Assessments were imposed and speedily and cheerfully levied and paid to finish this desired work which had before wasted so many Millions of Treasure Mr. Scowen Mr. Pryn Col. King and Sir Charles Doyley were appointed Commissioners to disband them to which the Souldiery very willingly and with thanks to the King submitted the King giving them a Weeks pay as a Donative and Largess The Parliament adjourned till the 6 of November These Felicities of the King we have hitherto insisted on as the course of all worldly things is guided were abated and allayed by the immature and most lamented Death of the right Excellent Prince Henry Duke of Gloucester his Majesties youngest Brother a Prince of very extraordinary hopes Silence will best become our lamentation for his vertues and our loss of them transcend expression He died of the Small-pox Aged Twenty years and two months after much Blood-letting and was Interred with a private Funeral in Henry the Seventh's Chappel at Westminster just before the arrival of his Sister the Princess of Orange who came to joy and felicitate her Brothers in their happy Restitution With the King and Monarchy the Ecclesiastical Regiment by Bishops recovered it self by his Majesties Piety and Prudence that Aphorism being most sadly verified No Bishop No King and therefore on the 20 of September Dr. Iuxon Bishop of London that antient and excellent Prelate was by the King translated from that See to the Arch-bishoprick of Canterbury which was performed with great Solemnity and not long after several new Bishops persons the most eminent and valiant assertors of the Church and Laws of England were Consecrated in the Abby at Westminster and all the Diocesses filled of which together presently in an ensuing Catalogue Divine Vengeance had with a slow foot traced the murtherers of our Martyr'd Soveraign and through several Mazes at last overtook them the iron hand of Justice delivering them to the punishment due to that grand impiety nor was it
Impeachment of high treason against the Earl of Strafford he is committed and Sir George Ratcliff sent for out of Ireland Dr. Williams Bishop of Lincoln released Mr. Pryn Dr. Bastwick and Mr. Burton received by the Londoners in pomp Sir John Finch Lord Keeper and Francis Windebanck Secretary of State charged with high treason they withâ—rew John James a Romish Catholique stabs Iustice Howard in Westminster-Hall The Case of Shipmoney stated The Iudges opinions thereupon Shipmoney vâ—tâ—d illegal The Iudgment of the Excheqâ—â—r agâ—inst Mr. Hambden vacated Mr. Hollis delivers a Charge against the A.B. Cant. the Scots do the like he is voted guilty of high treason and committed The King signs the Bill for Triennial Parliaments The Houses oppose Bishops temporal jurisdiction The Earl of Straffords Tryal Sir David Fowls and Sir William Pennyman witnesses against the Earl the last of whom wept He is condemned as guilty of high treason The faction make a hideous cry of Iustice. The King with much reâ—uctancy signs the Bill of Attainder A notable remarque concerning Sir Alexander Carew Those Bishops that consented to the Earls death escaped not the fury of the times Prince of Orange warries the Princess Mary Sir Dudley Carleton the Earls Secretary brings him word of his Majesties having passed the Bill of Attainder Life in Mr. Lloyds Memoires The English Army disband the Scotch receive a vast sum of money and return home The King visits his Parliament of Edinburgh The Earl of Leicester made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland The Parliament adjourned The faction encreaseth and grows strong The King settles the affairs of Scotland A Rebellion in Ireland The King returns from Scotland and is magnificently received at London The faction sâ—anderously charge the King and Arch-B Cant. with inclining to Popery Walker an Iron-monger thâ—ows a Libel into the Kings 〈◊〉 he is impriâ—oned Sir Richard Gurney Lord Mayor of London Most of the Irish Nobility revolted Sir Phelim Oneal their chief commandâ—r A full account of the Irish Rebellion and proceedings of the War there Roger Moor the chief instrument in the plot The Lord Viscount Gormanston one of their complices Owen O Conally discovers the Plot. Iuâ—â—ice Parsons and Sir Jo. Borlace double their Watches Mac Mahon and Mac-Guire their Lodgings watched Mac Mahon and his men after some resistance are sâ—cured and confess the Plot. The Lord Mac-guire seized The Council warn the people of the Rebellion by Proclamation The Lord Blaweys House Wife and Children surprised The Newry surprized with several other places of strength The Rebels take Dundalk besiege Tredagh They commit horrid Massacres in sundry places 1800 Pâ—rsons drowned 150000 Persons destroyed in the Province of Ulster only in five moâ—ths time Sir Phelim Oneal defeatâ—d at Duâ—dalk Dublin in great streights A Regiment raised for Sir H. Titchburn another for Sir Charles Coot Expresses sent to the King the Lord Lieutenant and the Parliament Owen O Conally rewarded with 200 l. in money and a pension of 200 l. per anum The Earl of Ormond Lieu. Gen. marched to Dublin with divers other Captains Major Roper with 600 Foot to Tredagh With 50 Horse under Sir Pat. Weems surprized by the Rebels and routed Some Rebels executed at Wicklo Luke Tool encounters Sir Charls Coote and is puâ— to flight The Lords and Gentry of the English Pale declare for the Roman Catholick Religion The Rebels in Lemster 20000 strong Sir Simon Harcourt arrives with a Regiment at Tredagh The Rebels are disheartned and defeated by Sir Henry Titchburn who recovered Dundalk Sir Phelim O Neal escapes to Ulster Sir George Monro recovers Newry and do's the Rebels much damage Tumults from London affront the King and Court Sir William Mason heads the Gentlemen of Grays-Inne to White-Hall prostering them and himself to his Majesty as a guard for his person The King receives them with respect The Tumultuous rabble countenanced by some Grandees of the faction Whereat the King is much troubled He demands five Members of the House of Commons and the Lord Kimbolton The House vote it a breach of priviledge They accuse several Bishops as guilty of high Treason They are Committed The Irish are proclaimed Rebels The King declares his charge against the five members The Parliament imprisons Sir Edw. Herbert The Tumults increase and the King retires to Hampton-Court A rumour concerning the Lord Digby Col. Lunsford committed The Scots interpose themselves the Parliament demands the Tower and the Militia Buckinghamshire men petition in behalf of Mr. Hambden The King leaves Hampton-Court the Queen and Princess of Aurange take ship for Holland The Parliament vote the Queen a Traytor The Militia the principal difference between King and Parliament The Commission of Arry An Ordinance of Parliament for ordering the Militia The Parliament send several Papers to the King The King is much troubled thereat and answers The Parliament declare their resolution of putting the Kingdom into a posture of defence The Earl of Warwick made Admiral of England The King answers the Parliaments Declation with another He offers a free Pardon to his people and propounds a râ—â—â—â—ciliation The faction set forth another Declaration concerning the Militia The King sends a Message to the Parliament concerning Ireland They plead the priviledge of Parliament The King proclaims against Papists The Yorkshire Gentry desire a right understanding between King and Parliament The King returns a gratious answer He resolving to go for Ireland sends a Message to the Parliament Sir John Hotham admitted into Hull The Parliament Petition the King for the Militia they insist upon the dangers of Popery Hull is Garrison'd and the King is troubled that they should Petition him and at the instant carve at their one pleasures He excuseth his repriving of some Iâ—suites The Parliament refuse to be governed by Commissioners in his Majesties absence The King resolves to possess himself of Hull But is denyed entrance by Sir John Hotham who stood on the Walls and â—eard himself proclaimed a Traytor The Duke of York and Prince â—lector bring in the Town are suffered to depart The King retreatâ—d to Beverly writes to the Mayor and Garrison of Hull And to the Parliament for Iâ—â—tice against Hotham Tâ—e Parliament order the Lord Liâ—â—tenant of Lincoln to â—uppress all Forcâ—s raiâ—ed against Hull Sir Richard Gurney Loâ—d Mayor 〈◊〉 London sent to the Tower The Parliament Authorize Sir John Hotham to raise the Trained Bands The King sâ—mmons the Gâ—ntry of York for the security of his Person The Parliament Conclude the K. intendeth War They take up Arms â—nder preâ—ence of râ—scuing the King from his evil Couâ—sel and prohibit all resort to the King They publish a Râ—monstrance Which is answâ—red by the King Theâ—â—aviâ—e the Scots to their 〈◊〉 Thâ— Scoâ—s pretend a zâ—al for his Majesty bâ—t deâ—â—aâ—â— for the Parliament and have their thanks Tâ—e Parliament set forth another Remonstrance which the King answers They send him 19 Propositions to York The King returns an answer
Windsor castle Th. Andrews Anth. Stapely Th. Horton Recruit to the Long Parl. John Fry a Yeoman of Dorsetshire an Arrian Thom. Hammond Bâ—other to Dr. Hammond the Kings Iaylor Isaac Pennington Lord Mayor of London Simon Meyne of Buckinghamshire died in the Tower Sir Hardress Waller a Souldier of Fortune Will Hâ—veningham Esq 〈◊〉 antient Family in Suffolk Henry Marten Owen Row a Silk-man of London Augustine Garland a person relating to the Law Henry Smith one of the Six Clerks in Chancery Robert Titchbourn Lord Mayor of London George Fleetwood James Temple Thomas Wait. Peter Temple a London Linneâ—-draper Bâ—â—gesâ— for Leicester Robert Lilburn Brother to John Lilburn Gilbert Millington a Lawyer Vincent Potter an upstart Member John Downs a Citizen of London and a Colonel Thomas Wogan an obscure person John Lisle a Gentleman and Lawyer President of several High Courts of Iustice. Will. Say Esq. a Lawyer and Deputy-speaker of the House of Commons Valentine Walton Brother in law to Cromwel and Governour of Lyn. Edward Whaley a Wollen-draper his Family of Nottinghamshire a good souldier Edm. Ludlow the son of a Traytor a daring souldier Sir Michael Livesey of Kent John Hewson a Shoo-maker dead in Exile a bold Commander Will. Goffe a Salters Apprentice and a bold Commander Cor. Holland a servant to Sir Hen. Vane Thomas Challoner a great speech-maker against the K. Will. Cawley a Brewer of Chichester Nic. Love son to Dr. Love of Winchester John Dixwel Governour of Dover Castle Daniel Blagrave a recruit for Reading Daniel Broughton a Clerk Edward Dendy Serjeant at Arms. John Hutchison fined Francis Lassels fined Lord Munson Ja Challoner Esq. Sir Hen. Mildmay Ro. Wallop Esq. Sir Ja Harrington and John Phelps their Estates Forfeited drawn to Tyburn and Imprisoned during life The High Court of Iustice sits Jan. 20. A crimson Velvet-chair and Cushion for the President Silence made the Hall-gate set open Col. Thomlinson commanded to bring his prisoner He is brought to the Bar a chair of crimson-Velvet set for him Silence made the Act for the Tryal of Charles Stuart King of England read The Names of the Commissioners read The Presidens speech to the King Cook Solicitor-General offers to speak is forbid by the King He proceeds The Charge read President demands the Kings Answer His Majesty refuseth to Answer and disowns the Authority of the Court. Proves his Title to the Crown by succession not Election Is prevented by the Presidents insolent rebukes Who urgeth for an Answer The King still refuseth demanding their Authority The President answers their Authority is Gods and the Kingdoms The Court riseth The head of the Kings staff falls down â—e stoops and takes it up Some cry God save the King others Iustice and Execution by Axtels directions The Court sits the King comes in the people shout Solicitor moves for the Kings Answer President insists upon it His Majesty still denies the Authority of the Court. Refuseth to plead and offers to shâ—w his Reasons Here the King would have delivered his Reasons but was not suffered His Majesty presseth to shew his Reasons but cannot be permitted He desires to Demur He is over-ruled by the Court and Interrupted The Cleâ—k reâ—d The Guards charged to take away their Prisoner The Court order the default and contempt to be Recorded The King guarded to Sir Ro. Cottons The Court adjourns The Court sits again The King comes The Sollicitor moves the Court for Iudgement The Presidents speech in behalf of the Court he demands a positive answer from the King His Majesty desires to speak for the Liberties of the people but is not permitted till he gives his Answer to Guilty or not Guilty 〈…〉 to give any particular answer desires 〈◊〉 to shew his Reasons is interrupted again and again The Clerk reads His Majesty justifies his proceedings and refuseth to Answer to the Charge The Guards ordered to take charge of their Prisoner The King goes forth and the Court adjourns His Majesties Reasons against the Iurisdiction of the Court which be intended to speak in Court but was hindered No proceeding just but what is warranted by the Laws of God or man No Impeachment can lie against the King The House of Commons cannot erect a Court of Iudicature Nor are the Membeâ—â— of this House Coâ—â—issioned by the people of England The Priviledges oâ—â—aâ—liameâ—t Violated The higher House excluded and the major part of the lower deterred from sitting The frame of Government chaâ—ged The Court sits Silence commanded The King comes the souldiers cry for Iustice. His Majesty desires to be heard but not permitted The Court withdraws Serejant at Arms withdraws the King The Court returns resolving to proceed The King brought into the Court he urgeth to be heard and adviseth the Court against a haâ—ty Iudgement The Presidents speech in defence of the Courts proceedings His Majesty is interrupted Silence commanded the Sentence read The Charge read The King required to give his Answer he refuseth The King guarded awaâ— He is abused by the Souldiers disturbed in his Devotions His admirable patience He desires to see his Children and Doctor Juxon The King tempted with new Proposals from some Grandees of the Army B. Juxon preacheth before him at Saint James ' s. His Maj. giveth his Blessing to the Duke of Gloucester and the Lady Elizabeth His pious advice to them The Duke of Gloucester 's reply The Lady Elizabeths Relation of what passed between his Majesty and her He adviseth her to read Bp. Andrew 's Sermons Hookers Policy and Bp. Laud against Fisher. A Committee appointed to consider of the time and place for Execution They agree upon the open street before White-hall the morrow following The Waâ—raâ—â— for the Kings Exâ—â—utâ—â—â— Sigâ—â—d by Joh. Bradshaw Tho Gray Ol. Cromwel 〈◊〉 to Col. Fâ— Hacker 〈◊〉 Hunks anâ— Liâ—â— Coâ—oâ—el â—hray Factious Ministers appointed to attend the King he refuseth to confer with them Bp. of London readeth prayers to him and administers the Sacrament The King brought to White-hall Mr. Seymor presents his Majesty with a Letter from the Prince The Kings friends â—arbarously uâ—â—d Engines to force the King 〈…〉 had â—â—sâ—ted His Majesty had â—ot spoâ—en bâ—t that â—therwise he might be thought to submit to the guilt Hâ— began not 〈◊〉 War spanâ— Hoâ—sâ—s His Majesâ—y lays not the 〈…〉 the two 〈◊〉 iâ—l â—â—struments the cauâ—e of it 〈…〉 Sentence puâ—â—shed with another His Majesty forgives all the world evâ—â— the caâ—sers 〈◊〉 his death 〈…〉 waâ— to Pâ—ace Conquest an ill way seldom 〈◊〉 To give God his due and the Kâ—ng his 〈◊〉 is the right way Give God his due in setâ—ing the Church As to the King it concerning 〈◊〉 hiâ— Majesty â—aves it Peoples Liberty consiâ—â—s in having Government not sâ—aring in it His Majesty the Martyr of the People His Majestie deâ—â—ares hâ—s Râ—ligioâ— * Afterwards Sir William Clerk The King makes ready for Execution Dr. Juxon comforts him It is known for to give it the Prince His Majesty
Commanders in the like nature besides Plundrings what hath been taken going out of the Land to the King Lastly Monthly Taxes upon all the Lands in the associated Counties and the Cities of London and Westminster besides what they took for Contribution in their Garrisons c. which came to 60000 l. a month and so given in if not more and by the year amounts to 720000 l. and in five years comes to 3600000 l. and is 360 Waggons loading of silver at 10000 l. a Waggons loading And this higher afterwards This in five years time amounted besides the Customs and the Kings Revenues and Ecclesiastical Profits sequestred in their hands to neer 20000000. But he that is able to reckon what the Sales of the same lands of King Queen and Prince Bishops Deans and Chapters the Nobility and Gentry as Delinquents together with the Monthly assessment at the same time of 100000 and 120000 per mensem come to Erit mihi magnus Apollo I mention not Decimation nor the Piedmont-Sacriledge nor other slier Artifices of Cromwel nor the Prize-money c. But if an estimate be taken of their gettings by their spending let that almost insuperable debt left upon the Kingdom and discharged by the King upon his Return be the unenvied testimony thereof Vale. A CHRONICLE OF THE CIVIL WARS OF ENGLAND SCOTLAND and IRELAND THE FIRST PART BEING The Commons War NO higher or greater cause can be assigned for this War setting aside the sins of all Times and Nations to which the Justice of Heaven is seldome long a Debtor but the fate and catastrophe of Kingdoms and Monarchies which do at certain periods of time taste of that vicissitude and mutability to which all other sublunary things are more frequently subjected The secondary causes of it are so many and so uncertain so variously reported and believed that it would spend much of the paper allotted to this History in ascertaining them Therefore to contain and keep within the limits of this designment something onely shall be said of them that was obvious to every eye not savouring of partiality or affection Many disorders and Irregularities no doubt there were in the State contracted through a long and lazy peace bolstred up with an Universal trade which procured a general wealth the Parents of Wantonnesses the excess of National riches being but as the burden which the Ass carries and mistakes for provender people being onely the better able to sustain their future misery with their present plenty These conceived abuses in the manage of the State like ill humours where they finde an equal resistance or over-power of nature sunk and descended upon the Ecclesiastical Regiment too impotent to sustain those general assaults which were given it No storms or tempests can be raised or maintained below without the Celestial influences or disturbances in the upper Region nor often are there any Commotions or Wars among or in Nations where Religion which ought to be the peaceablest and most innocent perswasion is not the Primum Mobile the great mover of the Machine of Destruction Quantum Religio potuit suadere malorum Nothing from abroad could any way break off that continued series of peace we had so long enjoyed we had made the Nations round about us to wonder at and to dread the putting forth of that strength which had been matured and ripened by the sunshine of so great a prosperity so many years together while the world about us was hurled into the confusions of Ruine and War ready to become a prey to the next potent Invasion Strange moreover it is That the miserable Distractions and Confusions which ensued should be derived from no greater beginnings then a few Ceremonies in the Church that War which stands upon none should be founded and fixt upon them and yet nothing more certain can be charged with the guilt of so much misery as these Kingdoms so long suffered under but the Cavils Discontents and disputes about them A grudging there was for many years before in the Raigns of Queen Elizabeth and King Iames in whose days and at his first assumption to this Crown a Conference was before him managed by the Reformists about them where that learned King so justified the use of them that for a while all obâ—oquâ—es against them were silenced and the Church and State enjoyed its greatest blessings of Peace and Uniformity Nor was there much noise about them in the beginning of the Raign of King Charles but towards the middle it began to threaten a storm in the year 1635. towards the conclusion whereof some Uproars and Commotions were raised decrying those Ceremonial Rites used and practised in the Church such being the ushering in by a general murmur what was plainly and distinctly declared in the beginning of the year 1637. from whence this Chronicle takes its rise by Mr. Pryn Dr. Bastwick and Mr Burton seconded and asserted by that famously known person Iohn Lilburn These men though questionless from different grounds and respects as this age hath lived to see by Mr. Pryn who proved a great and happy instrument in the Kings Restitution and consequently the resettlement of the Church printed several Books against the aforesaid Ceremonies for these Books they were apprehended which were charged also to be full of Invectives against the Bishops and Episcopal Government and were severely censured in the Star-Chamber to the exasperation of a great part of the Kingdom They were all three sentenced to be set in the Pillory and to have their ears cut off Mr. Pryn to be stigmatized on both cheeks each of them fined five thousand pounds apiece to the King and to be imprisoned during the Kings pleasure which was accordingly executed in every point of the sentence and as valiantly and stoutly undergone by these sufferers who after they had stood in the Pillory three thereof being set up in the Palace-yard at Westminster were sent to remote Castles in the adjacent Isles of Guernsey and Iersey from whence as we shall see hereafter they were brought back to London I may not dis-joyn the story of Iohn Lilburn from theirs though divided by time he suffering the year after being whipt at a carts tail for imprinting and vending several Books of the same purport and contents against the Bishops This man proved a great trouble-world in all the variety of Governments afterward being chief of a faction called Levellers he was a great proposal-maker and modeller of State which by his means was always restless in the Usurpation He died a Quaker and such as his life was such was his death This year also Dr. Williams then Bishop of Lincoln and Dean of Westminster formerly Lord Keeper relapsed again into the Kings disfavour for some dishonourable words uttered against the King which were taken hold of and prosecuted in the Star-Chamber where he was fined ten thousand pounds though his enemies would rather have had him resigned his
to that Tribunal he could find no Sanctuary being threatned instantly with death Upon report of this outrage the Earls of Traquair and Wigton came with their followers to his relief where with much ado they got entrance but found themselves in no better case than the Bishop the peoples rage being thereby the more increased The Lords and the Bishop being thus beset sent privately to the Lord Provost and Bailiffs of Edinburgh for relief who sent them word that they themselves were in the same condition if not worse if the Lords attempted not to appease the people who had forced them in their Council-House for fear of their lives to subscribe a Paper then instantly presented them which contained three particulars First that they should joyn with them in opposition to the Service-book and in petitioning to the King Secondly that by their Authority they should restore Mr. Ramsey and Mr. Rolloch two lately silenced Ministers Thirdly that they should restore one Mr. Henderson a silenced Reader which three persons were notable Ringleaders of the faction three most important grounds for so fearful a Commotion Thereupon the Lords resolved to go and confer with the Magistrates and either by their authority or perswasion to reduce the people to obedience and reason but all in vain for at their return re infecta to the Council-Table again they were set upon the Earl of Traquair being troden down losing his white Staff the Ensign of his Office of Treasurer with his Hat and Cloak and so with much ado got back again to the Council who seeing the impendent danger from the fury of the people were forced to apply themselves to some Noblemen who were of the faction by whose influence upon and respects from the people they with the aforesaid Bishops were conveyed to their respective dwellings but the Provost was pursued with threats rayling and danger unto the yard of his own house This Mornings storm being blown over another Proclamation was made against further unlawful Assemblies and meeting in the streets of that City under the most severe pains the Laws in those Cases had provided but so little regard was thereunto given that the next day they demanded of the Lords what they had demanded of their Magistrates and to that purpose two Petitions as well from the Rabble as also now from greater hands the chief Citizens Gentry and Nobility were presently tendred to the Lord Chancellour of that Kingdom which imported the whole substance of the present Commotion the English Service-book still bearing the burthen Withal in this last petition making their greivances swell adding their dislike of the book of Canons to their former distast of the Service-book so one demand ushered in another till they had nothing to ask but what they resolved to take the parallel of our troubles These petitions were afterwards sent up to the King who by a Proclamation resented the injuries and affronts done his Royal Authority by those attemps upon his chief Ministers and also declared his firm intentions to maintain the Protestant Religion commanding also all persons to forbear further meetings and petitions of this nature upon pain of treason But this Proclamation was encountred with a Protestation made by the Earls of Hume and Lindsey two great Covenanters who avowed therein the whole action with a resolution added to adhere to them to the last requiring also some of the Bishops to be removed from his Majesties Councel and such other more unreasonable expostulations which yet came short still of those that they made afterwards their number and power still increasing their peremptory and haughty designes upon the Government Soon after this sedition began to arm it self and assume another name they of the faction took the authority of the Kingdom to themselves erected four Tables as they called them of the four ranks of Noblemen Gentry Burgesses and Ministers out of all which was formed one general Table that was supreme This Table after some consultation and reports from the other resolved upon a Covenant to be taken throughout the Kingdom which for substance was the same with that Solemn League afterwards taken in England onely Bishops in express terms were not therein then abjured but implicitely no doubt included and more plainly their sitting in civil Judicatories The King was most highly incensed against this Usurpation of his Royal Authority especially at the obtruding this Covenant wherewith the greatest part of the Nation were already infected and others through compulsion and force scared into a compliance with it though with a great deal of stir and reluctancy Wherefore to obviate the imminent danger it threatned the King dispatcht away the Marquess of Hamilton as his Commissioner to that Kingdom to apply some present remedy to the distemper he being a person of great honour and influence on that Nation Before his arrival of which the Covenanters had timely notice they made the more hast to engage the people against any accommodation Nor did they with the usual respect entertain the Commissioner but after some few days stay after some overtures by him made on the Kings part towards them and his demands of them particularly their deserting and relinquishing their Covenant he received a slighting answer that they would descend to no particulars of their part till a general Assembly should be called But as for the Covenant they would sooner part with their lives than abate a syllable of it and resolved never to hear more against it And thereupon new guards were by them clapt upon Edinburgh Castle the Watches of the City multiplied and the Ministers began to convert all their Sermons into Libels warning the people to take heed of Crafty Compositions when they were resolved against any These difficulties caused the Commissioner to repair to London having first received order to publish the Kings Declaration against the supposed Popery and removed also the Term for the further satisfying of the City of Edinburgh back thither again which indeed was for a while magnified by the Citizens as an Act of favour but presently was undervalued as a trick to cajole them so instructed by those who grudged the King any esteem or love in the minds of his people The Kings Declaration bearing Date Iune 20. 1638. was soon after published which contained his dispensation of the Service-book and Canons with a promise of calling a general Assembly and Parliament with all convenient Expedition requiring his subjects to contain themselves in their duty and not further to hearken to any Rebellious suggestions As soon as the Herauld had proclaimed it the Covenanters were ready upon a Scaffold there erected with a Protestation against it having before possest the People that if this Declaration were hearkened unto it would bring undoubted ruine to their Religion Laws and Liberties which they publiquely read importing some new additions to their former demands and cavils at the
uncertainty of the Kings intentions in the matters declared The Marquess Hamilton being arrived at London gave the King an account of the whole business and according to his new instructions returned back again by their appointed time the 15 th of August 1638. and entred presently into a Treaty with them about the manner of calling the General Assembly which they would not hear of but that a General Assembly should be immediately called and of the due Elections thereto when they were met themselves should be the judge For otherwise there would of necessity be some prelimitations which the freedom thereof might not suffer Upon this Emergency all things growing worse and worse the Marquess was forced upon another journey to consult the King the Covenanters concluding that if he returned not before the 21 of September they would of themselves Indict this Convention who concluded of giving that Kingdom the utmost satisfaction and with a Commission to summon this Assembly returned But the day after the Covenanters contrary to promise made an Election in one of the Presbyteries Adjacent of themselves whereas throughout the Kingdom according to the directions of the Tables Lay-Elders and Ministers were chosen together a thing never seen before in that Kingdom This Assembly the Source of those calamities which afterwards embroyl'd and enslaved that Nation was held at the City and University of Glasgow in November 1638. in which they so carried and packt the Elections that there was scarce one Dissenter from those Resolutions they had profest in their Covenant The Bishops were Totally excluded from sitting or voting therein but were cited to compeer as offenders and answer their charge Against these proceedings and the illegality of the constitution of this Assembly they first protested and tendered their reasons but they would not be admitted for such so that the Lord Commissioner seeing no hope of Justice Law or Reason or Loyalty taking place there at seven days end dissolved them by a Proclamation which they took no further notice of then only by opposing another Protestation wherein they declared that the Assembly ought not to be nor was as dissolved until such time as those ends so often before expressed were fully attained and so proceeded in their Session Strange and desperate was the Pride of this Assembly far beyond the Popes infallible Councils taking upon them to be the Supreme Judicatory on earth above all Laws and Parliaments and King himself as Christs Council and that if the Judges and other Ministers of State should not obey their Commandment they might proceed to sentence of Excommunication against them Which was effectually put in practice afterwards against the Bishops and their adherents before they armed themselves otherwise against their Soveraign Yet notwithstanding they did pretend that the King should he be satisfied of the equity and lenity of their proceedings would no doubt comply with them in the matters they Petitioned for which more exasperated his Majesty than all the Violations and Usurpations of his Authority The Earl of Arguile who had hitherto kept fair with the King and was one of his Privy Council there now owned the Covenanters and professed his adherence to their cause It is believed he was one of the first that stirred in this unfortunate business and that therefore the better to satisfie him the King after the first Pacification made him a Marquess More certain it is he was the last that suffered in it as in the conclusion of this Chronicle will appear I have insisted the longer on this story because the general Commotions that followed it ran almost the same parallel in their respective commencements in the three Kingdoms and to shew that neither prudence nor arms both which were seasonably applyed could stop or prevent those judgements of Confusion and Ruine which soon after ensued this Tragical Prologue in a miserable catastrophe For the Scots presently began to arm having first sent to the French King craving his aid and assistance which was readily proffered them by Cardinal Richlieu his chief Minister of State who was supposed to have fomented the quarrel from the very beginning to quit scores with the King of England for siding with the Rochellers in the beginning of his Raign But before any blood was drawn came over the Queen-Mother whom the generality of the people took for a Prognostick or ill Omen of a War or some Rupture approaching Many scandals were raised against the King for her admission hither but all things were gone too far beyond the contribution of her advice to make her guilty of our troubles However she seemed the Comet that did portend and foretel them the like Commotions having happened for some years past in the places of her residence The Scots towards the end of the year 1638 had gotten together a competent Army raised by the Authority and Ordinance of the aforesaid Assembly for the pretended defence of the Kingdom its Religion and Laws Nor did the King neglect the affairs of that Kingdom but was arming here in England with all the speed his Purse would afford which was then in a low ebb Yet by the Loans of the Nobility Gentry and Clergy he had raised a gallant Army with which he marched towards the borders Over this Army the Earl of Arundel was made General the Earl of Essex Lieutenant-General of the Foot and the Earl of Holland Lieutenant-General of the horse A Fleet also was rigged and well manned and set to Sea under the command of the aforesaid Marquess Hamilton which soon after came to an Anchor in the Frith neer Edinburgh The King being thus in readiness Emitted another Declaration wherein he taxed the Scots with several rebellious Libels for their Protestations against his commands for usurping his Authority and for refusing the Oath of Allegiance and Supremacy upon account of their having taken the Covenant reiterates his resolutions of maintaining Episcopacy in that Kingdom and lays the blood if any were spilt in that quarrel upon themselves as Rebels whom he ought not longer to suffer to proceed in those undutiful and destructive courses but hoped to reduce to their former and due Obedience To which the 22 of March the said Assembly reply by an Ordinance wherein after expostulating the Kings Declaration they curse themselves if they intend any harm to England concluding their War to be meerly defensive and grounded upon the natural and Civil Law Anno Dom. 1639. THe King set forward with his Army and in April came to York and in May to Barwick where both Armies came in view one of another When the King was at York the Earls of Roxborough and Traquair two formerly of his Council and Officers of State came to him as Commissioners from the Covenanters under pretence of Treating with the King who wanting their due Commission and being suspected to have been sent on an errand purposely to tamper with the
English Lords and to perswade them of the honest intentions of the Scotch Nation were therefore for a while committed but soon after set at liberty having in part effected their errand and insinuated a good opinion of their proceedings withal begot an intelligence and correspondence with some of the Peers who before were well inclined to their cause This appeared soon after in the English Councils of War where the first Gallantry and Resolutions of the Principal Commanders were seen to flag and abate and dissolve into more soft and pliable dispositions to peace The English Army being far superiour in Arms men and bravery was encamped near Barwick and the Scots at Dunslo when by mediation of the persons aforesaid a Treaty was begun which ended presently in a short-lived Peace upon several Articles which being not performed on the Scots part are needless here to repeat In the mean time the Parliament of Scotland according to the Kings Proclamation when he also summoned their Assembly met on the appointed 15th of May and was prorogued till the last of August at which time they sate four days and therein formed four demands for the King The Assembly also sate a little before and abolisht Episcopacie the Liturgy and the Book of Canons with the High Commission c. These things coming to the Kings knowledge together with a Pamphlet prevaricating the conditions of the late Treaty their Letters to the King of France for aid their new Provisions for Arms their levying of Taxes of ten marks per Centum and continuing their Officers and Fortifications induced him by his new Commissioner the Earl of Traquair to command the Adjournment of the Parliament until the second of Iune next ensuing upon pain of Treason Against which Command the Covenanters declare and send a Remonstrance to the King by the Earl of Dumfermling and the Lord Loudon the Chancellour of that Kingdom afterwards who coming without Warrant from the Kings Commissioner Traquair were sent back again Whereupon Traquair a person suspected to have abused his trust comes himself and advising with Hamilton they both propound to the Council the affairs of Scotland being so desperate whether it were not more expedient the King should go himself in person into Scotland than to reduce them by Arms which after many politique considerations was Resolved in the Affirmative That nothing could reclaim them to their duty but force of Arms. This again brought the Earl of Dumfermling and the Lord Loudon to London with two other Commissioners where before the King again they insisted upon the justification of their innocence and withal desired that the King would ratifie and confirm their proceedings and that their Parliament might proceed to determine of all Articles or Bills brought to them to the establishing of Religion and Peace But instead of an Answer to their requests the King charged them with the aforementioned Libel and their Letters and Intelligence held with the French King which then came to English light and were known by the Characters to be the writing of the Lord Loudon who was thereupon committed for a short time but released upon the mediation of the Marquess Hamilton After his release he and Dumfermling presented their Assemblies and Parliaments Remonstrance to the King and the Commissioner returned also and gave a full account of the state of that Kingdom All three of them being admitted unto the Council together the matter was there managed with so much anger and sharpness that the King and the Scots were more exasperated against one another than before The Prince Elector Palatine the Kings Nephew by the Queen of Bohemia about this time came into England having utterly lost his interest in the Palatinate by the late defeat given him there by Count Hatsfield the Emperours General where Prince Rupert so famous afterwards in our Wars and the Lord Craven were taken he staid not long here but departed again and was taken at Lions by the French having past so far undiscovered he was soon after released and returned into England where by the Parliament he had 8000 l. a year assigned him out of his Uncles the Kings Revenue till after His Murther he departed home upon the Articles of Munster-Treaty by which he was restored to his Dignities and Sovereignty being conveyed hence in 1649. in a man of War to the Brill in Holland This year was signalized also by a famous Sea-fight between the Flemings and the Spaniards in the Downs Don Antonio Ocquendo was Admiral of the Spanish Fleet which consisted of seventy Sail of great Ships and Gallions on which were put aboard as the report went twenty five thousand men designed for the service of the Spaniard against the Dutch of the one side and the French on the other and were ordered to be landed at Dunkirk with money for the paying of his Armies then afoot On the 17th of September they were met by the Vice-Admiral of the Holland-Fleet who engaging them in the Chanel was worsted but getting to windward kept near them continuing firing to give Van Trump then before Dunkirk notice of their approach Betwixt Dover and Calice the two Dutch Fleets joyn and attaque the Spaniard the English Fleet under the Command of Sir Iohn Pennington looking on the while who being sore bruised was forced to the English Coast where the Spanish Ambassadour desired they might be protected for two Tides by the Kings Ships but that could not be allowed for the Kings Neutrality between both Whereupon in the night some part with the most of the Treasure and fourteen Ships got safe to Dunkirk the rest Van Trump being recruited with an hundred Ships in an instant almost of time set upon and dispersed sinking and taking and stranding very many so that few escaped home This was the second luckless Armado of the Spaniard on which the malecontents of this and the Kingdom of Scotland grounded many false and scandalous surmises against the King To return again to Scotland where I may not omit one fatal passage On the 19th day of November being the Anniversary of his Majesties Birth part of the Walls of the strong Castle of Edenburgh fell down which was likewise interpreted for an ill Omen such another though more unhappily and nearly significant was that of the fall of the head of his staff at his Tryal before the pretended High Court of Justice For the repairing of these ruines the King sent the Lord Estrich Col. Ruthen and others who were resisted by the Covenanters as men not qualified for the service No hopes for these and other reasons being conceivable of treating and perswading the Scots to obedience a Resolution was taken vigorously to prosecute the War commenced the year before to which purpose it was debated at a Cabinet-Council where none were present but the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury the Earl of Strafford and Hamilton and there agreed that a Parliament
of General Lesly Earl of Leven an old Souldier in the Swedish Wars better armed intelligenced and provided than the last year on the 27th of August Lesly desired leave of my Lord Conway for his whole Army to pass to the King with their Petition which he as before avowed to be the honesâ—est loyallest and innocent thing in the World but was refused and stopped Thereupon three hundred Scotch Horse attempted to cross the River and were therein repelled by the shot of the English Musquetiers who were placed under the shelter of a Breast-work This was no sooner done but the Scots with nine pieces of Ordinance which they had placed on the side of the River and blinded them with bushes plaid upon those breast-works which so affrighted the English Infantry being raw Souldiers and not used to the noise and execution of Canon that they presently forsook their Posts cast down their Arms and fled Instantly the Scotch Horse with their General himself advanced but were handsomely welcomed by Commissary-General Wilmot who with the Cavalry which consisted mostly of Gentlemen very stoutly stood to it till they were over-born by number and galled with great Bullets and so forced into a disorderly retreat Here were slain two or three Gentlemen of Quality among which was Cornet Porter Son to Endymeon Porter of the Bed-chamber with some fourscore and odd of common Souldiers The Lord Conway after this defeat carried himself the first news of it to the King that it might not be told by others to his prejudice and Sir Iacob Ashley Governour of Newcastle knowing the place not tenable deserted it sinking the Ordnance in the River so that upon Lesleys approach both that Town and Durham rendred themselves into his hands These losses accelerated the Earl of Strafford into those parts who having the supreme Command of the Army therefore conferred upon him and knowing his Honour and Reputation to be embarqued in this business resolved to put it to the decision of the Sword which he was as well able to manage as his Pen Challengeth the Lord Conway for the disaster at Newborn before the King as if his ill conduct had occasioned it who as stoutly denied it laying the fault as indeed it ought upon the rawness of his Souldiers In Scotland the Earl of Haddington who commanded as Major-General the Forces raised and to be raised in Lothian having recovered from the Souldiers of Berwick Garrison the pieces of Ordnance which Lesley had left behind him at Dunslo and brought them to Dunglass was the next day slain with twenty more Knights and Gentlemen in the midst of his Court by the stones that flew from the Vault neer adjoyning which was then blown up with the Magazine that lay in it Though the Earl of Strafford was so eagerly and intensly bent on fighting with the Scots yet with the King who was loth to run that hazard not knowing how to recruit himself if he were worsted unless he should condescend as much or more to his English Subjects in Parliament those Martial resolutions soon abated to the regret of that Noble Earl whose safety as well as glory consisted in driving the Scots out of this Kingdom So that though the King had declared them to be Rebels and Traytors by Proclamation and commanded that publick Prayers should be put up against them in all Churches and had set up his Royal Standard at York yet now he was contented to treat with them and to that end received from them a Petition stuft with their grievances to which he returned answer by his Secretary of Scotland the Earl of Lanerick That he expected their particular demands which were tendered to him within three days after and imported his Majesties calling a Parliament in England without which there could be no satisfying redress for them Thay had likewise published sometime before their marching into England a Declaration intituled The intentions of the Army which signified that they would not lay down their Armes till the reformed Religion were setled in both Nations upon sure grounds and the causers and abetters of their present grievances and troubles were brought to publique Justice and that in Parliament In order to the speedy accommodation therefore of this quarrel Twelve of the Nobility who were there with the King by name Hertford Essex Bedford Warwick Mulgrave Bristol Bullingbrook Say Mandevil Howard Paget and Brook drew up a Petition to the King and had it delivered after which others of the same contents were brought from London and other places of the Kingdom which unanimously agreed in this That nothing could satisfie the people nor relieve their grievances and pressures but a Parliament This the King willingly assented to and in part condescended to other of the Scots demands and for the present summoned the Lords of England to appear at York where accordingly they met and on the first day of their sitting in Council it was agreed that a Parliament should be called to convene the third of November next And in reference to the Scotch business and the poor oppressed Northern Counties where both the Armies that Summer had quartered the Bishoprick of Durham being then taxed by the Scots at three hundred and fifty pound the Country of Northumberland at three hundred pound a day it was also resolved that a Treaty should be had and thereupon sixteen English Lords whereof eight were Earls the other Barons should meet with so many of the Scotch Nobility and the place was assigned at York which was refused as not safe enough for the Scotch Commissioners by reason of the presence of the Lord Deputy Strafford who had proclaimed them Traytors in Ireland and against whom they had matters of high Complaint And so it was resolved it should begin at Rippon The first thing the English insisted on was a present Cessation but the Scots objected against that and said that other things were more expedient to be first considered For as they would obey the Kings command in advancing no further so would they not go back again till they had accomplisht the business they came for and therefore propounded four Praeliminaries to be resolved on which were concluded on and agreed to At the first of these That the Scotch Army should be paid and maintained out of the English purse the Earl of Strafford was highly incensed and enraged being so dishonourable a thing to the Nation and therefore would have perswaded the King to give him leave to fight them no way doubting but that he should be able to drive them presently into Scotland again though accounted then far superiour in Discipline and Souldiery to the English Army But the affair of the Treaty was so far advanced for the reasons aforesaid that there was no fair way of receding if the King had been powerful enough to have combated them as some made no scruple so that on the 16 th of October the English Commanders
some through fear others out of compliance with the major part agreed to the ensuing Articles which for an envious remark I have transcribed First That there be a Cessation of Arms both by Sea and Land from this present Secondly That all Acts of Hostility do thenceforth cease Thirdly That both parties shall peaceably return during the Treaty whatever they possess at the time of the Cessation Fourthly That all such persons who lived in any of his Majesties Forts beyond the River of Tweed shall not exempt their Lands which lye within the Counties of Northumberland and the Bishoprick from such Contributions as shall be laid upon them for the payment of eight hundred pound per diem Fifthly That none of the Kings Forces upon the other side of Tweed shall give any impediment to such contributions as are already allowed for the competency of the Scotch Army and shall fetch no victuals nor forage out of their bounds except that which the inhabitants and owners thereof shall bring voluntarily to them and that any restraints or detention of Victual Cattel or Forage which shall be made by the Scots within those bounds for their maintenance shall be no breach Sixthly That no recruit shall be brought into either Armies from the time of the Cessation and during the Treaty Seventhly That the contribution of eight hundred and fifty pounds per diem shall be onely raised out of the Counties of Northumberland Westmerland and the Bishoprick and the Town of Newcastle and that the not payment thereof shall be no breach of the Treaty but the Counties and Towns shall be left to the Scots power to raise the same but not to exceed the sum agreed upon unless it be for charges of driving to be set by a Prizer of the forage Eighthly That the River Tweed shall be the bounds of both Armies excepting always the Town and Castle of Storkton and the Village of Egyshiff and the Counties of Northumberland and the Bishoprick be the limits within which the Scotish Army is to reside having liberty from them to send such Convoys as shall be necessary onely for the gathering up of the Contribution which shall be unpaid by the Counties of Northumberland and Cumberland Ninth and Tenth Articles of private injuries Eleventhly No new Fortifications to be made during the Treaty against either Party Twelfthly That the Subjects of both Kingdoms may in their trade of Commerce freely pass to and fro without any stay at all but it is particularly provided that no member of either Army pass without a formal Pass under the hands of the General or of him that commands in chief This was the sum of that unlucky Cessation which was afterwards at London concluded in a Treaty soon after the sitting of the Parliament who in February next paid the Scots off giving them the stile of their dear brethren which much pleased them but the money which accrewed by an arrear of 124000 l. was a great deal more acceptable And thus with their pay and dismission out of this Kingdom I dismiss them for this time from any further Narrative and look home to our own affairs in England The Parliament sate down on the third of November and immediately fell to questioning several chief Ministers of State Bishops and Judges pretending thereby both to satisfie this Nation and the Scots Monopolies also were voted down and much more good was promised and expected from the Parliament The principal of those Grandees that were accused was the Earl of Strafford against whom Mr. Pym is sent from the Commons to the Lords with an Impeachment of High Treason whereupon he was sequestred from sitting as a Peer and his Privado Sir George Ratcliff was sent for out of Ireland by a Serjeant at Arms. Soon after the aforesaid Earl was committed to the Usher of the Black Rod and so to the Tower in order to his ensuing Tryal yet he obtained the assignation of Councel and a Sollicitor for the better managing his defence The Bishop of Lincoln contrariwise was released out of the Tower and Mr. Pryn Dr. Bastwick and Mr. Burton returned from their kind of banishment in great pomp and bravery attended by many hundreds on Horseback with boughs in their hands to London for the Tide was turned and ran strong the other way In the interim the Lord Keeper Finch and Sir Francis Windebank Secretary of State both charged with no less than High Treason wisely withdrew themselves into Forein parts and weathered the storm that would have sunk them One Iohn Iames the Son of Sir Henry Iames of Feversham in Kent and of the Romish Religion audaciously adventured to stab Mr. Howard a Justice of Peace in Westminster-Hall the said Mr. Howard being about to deliver to the Committee for Religion a Catalogue of such Recusants as were within his liberty The House of Commons now Voted the Assesment of Ship-mony about which there had been so much ado and so many contests together with the Opinions of the Judges and the Writs for it and the judgment of the Exchequer against Mr. Hambden to be all illegal and the Arguments of the two Justices Crook and Hutton shewing the illegality thereof to be Printed and also ordered a Charge of High-Treason to be drawn up against eight others of the Judges Which business of Ship-money being made so accessary to our ensuing Troubles I have thought fit to insert these Records concerning the same The Case as it was stated by the King to the Judges CHARLES REX WHen the good and safety of the Kingdom in general is concerned and the whole Kingdom in danger Whether may not the King by Writ under the Great Seal of England command all the Subjects in this Kingdom at their charge to provide and furnish such number of Ships with Men Victual and Munition and for such a time as he shall think sit for the defence and safeguard of the Kingdom from such danger and peril and by Law compel the doing thereof in case of refusal and refractoriness And whether in such cases the King is not sole Iudge both of the danger and when and how the same is to be prevented and avoided Their Opinions MAy it please your most excellent Majesty we have according to your Majesties command severally and every man by himself and all of us together taken into serious consideration the Case and Questions signed by your Majesty and enclosed in your Letter And we are of opinion that when the good and safety of the Kingdom in general is concerned and the whole Kingdom in danger your Majesty may by Writ under the great Seal of England command all the Subjects of this your Kingdom at their charge to provide and furnish such a number of Ships with men victual and munition and for such time as your Majesty shall think fit for the defence and safeguard from such a danger and peril and that by law your Majesty may compel the doing thereof
in case of refusal or refractoriness And we are also of opinion that in such case your Majesty is sole Iudge both of the danger and when and how the same is to be prevented and avoided This was signed by all the Judges but Justice Hutton and Justice Crook whose Arguments were against it for Mr. Hambden who was sued for not paying the Twenty Shillings Taxed upon him for Shipmoney DEcember 27th 1640. Resolved by the Commons that the Charge impos'd upon the subjects for the providing and furnishing of Ships and the Aâ—â—esments for that purpose commonly called Shipmoney are against the Laws of the Realm the Subjects right of property and contrary to former resolutions in Parliament and to the Petition of Right Resolved That the Extrajudicial opinions of the Iudges published in the Star-chamber and inrolled in the Courts of Westminster are in whole and in every part of them against the Laws of the Realm the Liberty of the Subject c. This was also so resolved by the Lords and by the Parliament ordered That a Vacat be brought into the Parliament-house of all those Records concerning Ship-money Which was accordingly done February 27. the same Year the 16 of the King Die Veneris 26 die Februarii 1640. UPon the report of the right honourable the Lords Committees appointed to consider of the way of vacating of the Iudgment in the Exchequer concerning Shipmoney It was ordered by the Lords spiritual and temporal in the High Court of Parliament assembled that the Lord Keeper or the Master of the Rolls the two Lord chief Iustices and the Lord chief Baron and likewise the chief Clerk of the Star-chamber shall bring into the Vpper House of Parliament the Record in the Exchequer of the Iudgment in Mr. Hambdens case concerning Shipmoney and also the several Rolls in each several Court of the Kings-Bench Common-Pleas Exchequer Star-chamber and Chancery wherein the Iudges extrajudicial Opinions in the Cases made touching Shipmoney be entred and that a Vacat shall be made in the Vpper House of Parliament of the said several Records And likewise the Iudgment of Parliament touching the illegality of the said Iudgments in the Exchequer and the proceedings thereupon and touching the illegality of the extrajudicial Opinions of the Iudges in the said several Courts concerning Shipmoney be annexed and apostiled unto the same And that a Copy of the Iudgment of Parliament concerning the illegality of the said Iudgment in the Exchequer and the said extrajudicial Opinions of the said Iudges concerning Shipmoney be delivered to the several Iudges of the Assize And that they be required to publish the same at the Assizes in each several County within their Circuits and to take care that the same be Entred and Enrolled by the several Clerks of Assizes And if any entry be made by any Custos Rotulorum or Clerk of Assize of the said Iudgment in the Exchequer or of the said Extrajudicial Opinions of the Iudges That several Vacats be made thereof per judicium in Paliamento by judgment in Parliament And that an Act of Parliament be prepared against the said Iudgment and extrajudicial Opinions in the proceedings touching Shipmoney Vacatur istud Recordum Judicium inde habitum per considerationem judicium Dominor spiritual temporal in Parliam irrotulamentum eorum Cancellatur The two Iustices Arguments also against it were likewise Printed and published They likewise ordered a Committee to draw up a Charge against the Archbishop of Canterbury which was done and delivered to the Lords by Mr. Hollis which was seconded with another from the Scots Commissioners upon which he was committed to the black Rod and ten weeks after voted guilty of High treason and sent to the Tower The Parliament having thus removed these men and growing every day more and more upon the affections of the people they began to hammer upon the Bill for Triennial Paliaments which soon after passed both Houses and to the universal content of the Kingdom was signed by his Majesty for which the Parliament by the Lord Littleton Keeper of the great Seal gave him their most humble and hearty thanks Some former Overtures and Propositions had been made by the Dutch Ambassadors of a Marriage between the Princess Mary the Kings eldest Daughter and William Prince of Aurange which upon the arrival of the said Prince was afterwards accomplished being well approved of by both Houses by the lower whereof a Vote passed against Bishops temporal jurisdiction which was afterwards framed into an Act passed the Lords and was confirmed by the King who in all things saving his Honour and Conscience complyed with the desires of this Parliament Now came the Earl of Straffords Tryal which after various debates about the Place was appointed in Westminster-Hall the King Queen and Prince had a place built for them the Nobility had seats at the upper end of the Court the Commons in a Committee sate below several of whom as Mr. Pym Mr. St. Iohn and others managed his Accusation the Earl of Arundel was Lord High Steward and the Earl of Lindsey Lord High Constable The Charge or Impeachment consisted of Twenty eight Articles all which he so learnedly and warily answered defending himself with such sinewy Eloquence and warded the points of his accusation so dexterously that the Lords could not find the guilt which the Commons so highly exclaimed against as the greatest treason imaginable Among other witnesses Sir David Fowles and Sir William Pennyman appeared against the Earl the first of whom the Earl declared was his enemy and the latter a Member of the House of whom it was observed that having testifyed against the Earl he could not abstain from weeping Anno Dom. 1641. THe Commons seeing they could not condemn him by this proceeding they betook themselves to another by Bill of Attainder which conceding the matter of Fact sufficiently proved against him at his Tryal and by the Testimony also of the Parliament of Ireland who had prosecuted him there for the said offences condemned him as guilty of high treason This Bill stuck for a while with the Lords till the Tumults coming down and stopping their Coaches and menacing to post up the names of those who favoured him under the name of Straffordians with an impetuous cry of Iustice frighted many of the Peers to assent to the Bill which yet passed but by the plurality of seven voices against him No sooner was it past there but the Commons presented it to the King for him to sign who very much declined it but being over-perswaded by the dangers that were represented as inevitable consequents of his refusal and being also desired by the said Noble Earl himself to give the Parliament content though through the mediation of his own blood His Majesty after advice with the Bishops did pass that fatal Bill which proved the Ax against his own life I cannot pass the Tragedy of
likewise made and Expresses sent to the King then in Scotland to the Lord Lieutenant the Earl of Leicester and both Houses of Parliament at Westminster who readily voted a potent relief but by their debates and quarrels with the King on purpose retarded it till all was near lost in that Kingdom the envy whereof they loaded upon his Majesty than whom no Prince could ever be more affected with the sadness of such a calamity I may not omit that Owen O Conally who was sent with the express to the Parliament was rewarded by them according to the desire of the Council of Ireland with 200 l. in money and 200 l. a year pension till lands of inheritance could be setled on him The Earl of Ormond was now marched to Dublin with the title of Lieutenant-General and a Troop of 100 Curâ—asiers compleatly armed Sir Thomas Lucas and Captain Armstrong old Souldiers and Captain Yarner arrived out of England as did Col. Crawford for whom a Regiment was raised as Troops for the other 600 Foot had been also provided under the conduct of Major Roper to march as Recruits to Tredagh at the instance of the Governour and accordingly on the 27th of November they begun this short Expedition accompanied with 50 Horse of the Earl of Ormonds under Sir Patrick Weems but by ill conduct and loytering in the way and the unexpertness of those raw foot-Souldiers they were of a sudden in a mist attaqued by a body of the Rebels near Iulian Town-bridg and there being deserted by the horse most shamefully routed three of the Captains with all the English except 100 that escaped with Major Roper to Drogheda being cut off The news whereof arrived to the Governour just as he was returned from the place of his disappointed meeting with them the day before by reason of their delayed advance Proud with this success as with the taking of Mellefont-house the Mansion of the Lord Moor which had been stoutly defended they made sure of Tredagh and drew their â—orces about it whereas had they marched for Dublin where they had too many friends and whence Sir Charles Coot was marched into the County of Wicklow to repress the insolencies of the Birns and Tools towards the poor English from whom they had taken Carews fort and possessed themselves of the chief Gentlemens houses they might have carried both places At Wicklow Sir Charles executed some murderous Irish but being caâ—â—ed to Dublin he was encountred by Luke Tool and 1000 Irish whom he quickly made run into a Bog with some loss and came safe home Now the Lords and Gentry of the English Pale plainly discovered themselves and as is touched before assisted in the siege of Tredagh and thereby Lemster and Vlster became United in this Rebellion in which Munster was not engaged till December At this time also they emitted their Declaration wherein they decâ—ared for the exercise of the Roman Catholick Religion their Rights and Priviledges and the Kings Prerogative and justified their taking arms to those purposes by the example of the Scots who had obtained their demands thereby And next they presume to face Dublin theatning to encamp at Clantarfe very near the Harbour thereof which they intended to stop from receiving any succours but at the approach of Sir Charles Coot they fled thence and the Town was pillaged and some part burnt for that they had robbed a Barge and some of the goods were found in Mr. Kings house who with Luke Nettervil and others had now encamped themselves again at Swords within six miles of Dublin with 20000 men and had possessed the Castle of Artain and other places within two miles thereof At Castle-Lyons and Rath there lay 2000 more who came out of Caterlagh Kings County and Kildare under Roger Moor. This was on the East-side on the South-side lay the Birnes and the Tools who had lodged themselves in Castles near the Sea-side and some Villages at the foot of the Mountains so that their Forces now in Lemster amounted to 20000 men About this time the Naas and Kildare were taken as were Trim and Ashbey in the County of Meath by the Rebels and no better news was to be hoped for or expected besides now the market of Dublin could not be supplied the enemy every where so encompassed it Tredagh nevertheless held out gallantly till the arrival of Sir Simon Harcourt with his Regiment out of England and some supplies of money and more men and arms were daily expected which deceiving the opinion of the Rebels so disheartned them after many fruitless attemps made upon that Town that they broke up their siege and marched Northwards but in their way Sir Henry Titchburn sallied out and overtook them and gave them a defeat and pursuing his success recovered Dundalk again by storm while Sir Phelim O Neal hardly escaped over the River and fled back to Vlster where Major-General Sir George Monro who commanded the Scotch forces whose Plantations fared no better than the English when the Irish had once mastered ours lent the Parliament by agreement at Edinburgh in revenge of those spoils and massacres committed made the same bloody havock and waste and in the beginning of the next year took in and recovered sundry Towns and Castles particularly the Newry which with the like successes of Sir Simon Harcourt and Sir Charles Coot in Lemster had almost flag'd the hearts of the Irish and made them willing to a Cessation Leave we that Kingdom in a forlorn miserable bleeding condition and cast an eye homeward The King soon after his return to rest and vacate himself a little from the toil and burden of business retired to Hampton-Court whence notwithstanding the importunity of his affairs straight recalled him to his Court at White-Hall where he was sundry times tumulted by a numerous rabble out of London crying out No Bishops with other affronting language to the King himself as they passed by the Court-Gates to Westminster where Col. Lunsford then nominated to be Lieutenant of the Tower but not confided in by the Citizens no more than others appointed to that charge till Sir William Balfour had possession thereof and some other Gentlemen drew upon them and wounded some of them which so exasperated them that the next time they came down armed and in greater numbers to the terror and affrightment of the parts adjacent to the Court an ill omen or presage of those dire revolutions which followed The beginning of these uproars were like themselves at first tumultuary and consisted of the rabble onely but the kind reception they found from some Parliament-Members who tacitely encouraged their rude clamours and smiled upon their numbers moved Citizens of the best quality to joyn with those Club-men and now they began to marshal their multitudes into rank and File the eminent zealots some of them Aldermens fellows being right-hand-men or else placing themselves in the intervals like Officers and upon their return
by night which was the usual course carried Links in their hands like right boutefeus to light their Complices and Partakers in this monstrous Riot So that the danger appearing in a method and form the dire prognostick of Battalia and flighting the opposition of a Corps du Guard erected over against Scotland-yard which was maintained by the Trained Bands of St. Clements and St. Martins the Gentlemen of the honourable Society of Grayes-Inne under the leading of Sir William Mason in good order ranked two and two marched from their randezvouz at Covent-Garden to White-Hall and proffered their Loyal Service to the King as a Guard to his person against those formidable tumults They were received by the King with all respect and acknowledgements of this seasonable tender which manifested that Law Reason and Civility were disengaged from the Rebellion but the Kings sudden remove dispensed with their Duty The King sensible from what quiver this Arrow came and not longer able to endure these indignities which he had so often moved the two Houses though in vain to prevent or punish resolved to seize on those Grandees who principally abetted those tumults and also had had a deep hand in the Scotch troubles having intercepted Letters of correspondence between them and the Covenanters the untoward Issue and Event whereof as whereby his English Subjects had presumed to obtain by tumults the same demands lay yet heavy on his heart and boded the fame conclusions Taking therefore with him a Guard of his own domestick Servants and some Gentlemen casually then in the Court late in one of the Christmas-nights he came to the door of the House of Commons and entred and demanded five members thereof as also one of the House of Peers the Lord Kimbolton viz. Mr. Pyns Mr. Hambden Mr. Holles Mr. Stroâ—d and Sir Arthur Haslerig but they having notice of the Kings coming to this purpose by one Langrish a Servant of the Queens had time and but just enough to withdraw themselves into Westminster-Hall where they lay hid in the Kings-bench-Court until the business of that night was over and then betook themselves into London to the Guild-Hall whereto the House not long after adjourned it self in a grand Committee for their safeguard and security This attempt of the King the House presently voted a breach of priviledge and ran so high as to complain of evil Councellours about the King demanding the persons of those who gave that advice to the King Nay so highly did they insist upon and urge this violation of their freedom that all the King could do gave them no satisfaction though he endeavoured to excuse it so that it continued their plea throughout the War But how it was retaliated upon them both by themselves and Oliver in the several Exclusions and Forces afterwards put upon that House needs no particular indigitation Having therefore got this claw against the King they resolve to revenge themselves on the Bishops some of whom they suspected to be the chief instruments in that business Particularly to gratifie the City whom they had wholly devoted at their service who might see the Parliaments readiness to comply with their clamours against that Venerable Order Twelve of these the Commons accused to the Lords as guilty of High Treason whereof ten were committed to the Tower and two to the Black Rod. At the same time also the Irish were proclaimed Rebels thirty Proclamations hereof being onely Printed for some reasons of State the King reserved to himself then though afterwards when the Parliament among other things taxed him with this he gave them a full and satisfactory answer as not willing to make the Irish desperate and utterly undo his Protestant Subjects who were as then far too weak to withstand so potent a Rebellion which the King was willing so far to comply with the Parliament as to declare it so For the number of them he said it was the request of the said Lords Justices of Ireland there should be but twenty as many of themselves well knew Like wise to satisfie the Parliament about that business of the five members he now declared his charge against them which consisted of several things relating to intelligence held with the Scots while declared Traytors That they trayterously endeavoured by many foul Aspersions upon his Majesty and Government to alienate the affections of the people and to make his Majesty odious to them That they trayterously endeavoured to subvert the fundamental Laws and Government of this Kingdom and to deprive the King of his Regal and to place on Subjects an arbitrary and illegal power That they endeavoured to draw his Majesties late Army in the North to disobedience to his Majesties command That they invited the Scots to invade England That they trayterously endeavoured the subversion of the rights and very being of Parliament That for the compleating of their trayterous designes they have endeavoured as far as in them lay by force and terrour to compel the Parliament to joyn with them in their trayterous designes and to that end countenanced and raised the tumults against the King and Parliament That they had trayterously conspired to levy and had actually levyed war against the King This was as I said before declared by the King but in hopes and order to accommodation this course being thought a good expedient thereto was laid aside and not prosecuted But the Parliament left it not so imprisoning for a while the Kings Atturney Sir Edward Herbert demanding those evil Councellours that gave this advice against the five Members to punishment Herewith the Tumults so increased about White-Hall and Westminster that the King Queen Prince and Duke of York were forced for security of their persons to retire to Hampton-Court being necessitated to take sufficient forces of his Courtiers for his guard About this time there was a false rumour raised by the Lord Digbies passing through Kingston neer London of a plot to raise Horse against the Parliament whereupon Col. Lunsford then with him was committed to Prison and this story improved into a calumny against the King The Scots now interposed themselves betwixt the King and Parliament though siding clearly with the Parliament having by Treaty agreed with them to send over 2500 men into the North of Ireland upon the English pay Through their thus taking of their parts the Parliament flew high now in their demands requiring the disposal of the Command of the Tower and the management of the Militia which being refused they desisted not but on the 26 of Ianuary Petitioned the King for them both to which the King by several reasons answered in the nagative Now again they insisted upon it as also upon the business of the five Members still to exasperate the people who cryed out against Popish Lords and Bishops sitting in Parliament to which the King answered as before and declared his readiness to pass an Act of general
command all and every our Earls Barons Knights Mayors Bailiffs Constables Ministers and others our faithful Liege-people of our County aforesaid as well within Liberties as without by vertue of these presents to be counselling aiding and assisting to you and every one of you in all and singular the Premises And we likewise Command you the said Sheriff that at certain times and places which you or any three or more of you as aforesaid shall appoint shall cause to convene before you all such men in the County aforesaid by whom the Array Assesment and Appointment can best be effected and compleated and to detain those in Prison who for their Rebellion shall happen thither to be committed In witness whereof we have caused these our Letters to be made Patents Witness our self the 11th day of June in the 18 Year of our Raign Per Ipsum Regem The Reader must know that this Ordinance of the Militia was framed in February and declared to be a Law whether the King should give his Royal assent or no in March ensuing and several things done at that time in the several Counties in pursuance of it So that it long precedes the Kings Commission of Array though for dignity sake I have here Postposed it The Ordinance of both Houses of Parliament for Ordering the Militia of the Kingdom of England and Dominion of Wales WHereas there hath been of late a most dangerous and desperate design upon the House of Commons which we have just cause to believe to be an effect of the bloodie Councels of Papists and other ill-affected persons who have already raised a rebellion in the Kingdom of Ireland And by reason of many discoveries we cannot but fear they will proceed not onely to stir up the like rebellions and insurrections in this Kingdom of England but also to back them with forces from abroad It is ordained by the Lords and Commons now in Parliament assembled that shall have power to assemble and call together all and singular his Majesties Subjects within the County of as well within Liberties as without that are meet and fit fothe Wars and them to train exercise and put in readiness and them after their abilities and faculties well and sufficientlie from time to time to cause to be arrayed and weaponed and to take the Muster of them in places most fit for that purpose And shall have power within the said Countie to nominate and appoint such persons of quality as to him shall seem meet to be his Deputie-Lieutenants to be approved of by both Houses of Parliament And that any one or more of the said Deputies so assigned and approved of shall in the absence or by command of the same have power and Authoritie to do and execute within the Countie all such Power and Authoritie before in this prâ—sent Ordinance contained And so shall have power to make Colonels and Captains and other Officers and to remove out of their places and to make others from time to time as he shall think fit for that purpose And his Deputies Colonels Captains and other Officers shall have further Power and Authority to lead conduct and employ the persons aforesaid Arrayed and Weaponed as well within the County of as within any other part of this Realm of England or Dominion of Wales for the suppression of all Rebellions insurrections and invasions that may happen according as they from time to time shall receive directions by His Majesties Authority signified unto them by the Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament And it is further ordained that such persons as shall not obey in any of the Premises shall answer their neglect and contempt to the Lords and Commons in â— Parliamentary Way and not otherwise nor elsewhere and that every the powers granted as aforesaid shall continue until it shall be otherwise ordered or declared by both Houses of Parliament and no longer John Brown Clerk Parl. How contrary to any Law Practice or Precedent of any Parliament this Ordinance was I refer the Reader to examine in his Majesties Answer to it Many Messages and Answers and Papers past betwixt the King and the Parliament which though out of their order we shall present at one view intire in this Place this History not allowing every one a particular room Those of the Kings were less strained yet more elegant then the Parliament's the great ingredients and most substantial part of their Addresses were Jealousies and Fears with which the King was constantly baited for want of more solid Arguments and which no reason could rectifie or dispel being irrefutable because inexistible it being like fighting with a shadow which canot be driven away They protested all along that if his Majesty should persist in the denyal of the Militia the Dangers were such as would indure no longer delay but that they should be forced to dispose of it by Authority of Parliament and must resolve so to do as it was by them propounded Desiring that for the safety of his person and people in much jealousie and Fear he will be pleased to reside in or neer London and to continue the Prince at St. Iames's or any other Houses neer London to prevent the Jealousies and Fears of the people Affirming That by the Laws of the Realm the power of the Militia of raising ordering and disposing thereof in any place cannot be granted to any Corporation by Charter or otherwise without consent of Parliament and that those parâ—s of the Kingdom that have put themselves in a posture of defence have done it by direction and Declaration of Parliament The King much troubled with those unreasonable Papers replyed that he was so much amazed at this Message that he knew not what to answer You speak of jealousies and fears said he lay your hands to your hearts and ask your selves whether I may not in earnest be disturbed with jealousies and fears and if so I assure you this Message hath nothing lessned them For the Militia I thought as much before My last answer being agreeable to what in Iustice or reason you can ask or I in honour grant I shall not alter in any point I wish my residence near you might be safe and honourable that I had no cause to absent my self from Whitehal Ask your selves whether I have not I shall take that care of my Son which shall justifie me to God as a father and to my Dominions as a King I assure you upon mine honour I have no thoughts but of peace and Iustice to my people which I shall by all means possible seek to preserve relying upon the goodness of God for the preservation of my self and my rights This quickned in the Parliament a resolution that the Kingdom be put presently into a posture of defence and a publique Declaration thereupon to be made They talkt of advertisements and extraordinary preparations of forraign Princes by land and Sea In order to this the Beacons were made up new
Sea-marks set up much riding posting with packquets whispering and tales telling The Earl of Northumberland Admiral of England is commanded with all speed to rigg the Kings ships and equip them forth-with for the Sea And because of his indisposition that charge is conferred on the Earl of Warwick against whom the King took great exception one very affectionate to the Cause which then first began to be in every mans mouth The Declaration aforesaid was carried to Royston whither the King was removed from Theobalds by the Earls of Pembrook and Holland who delivered him the substance of it to which he returned in a most polite Declaration also and verbally told the Lords that for the Militia he would not trust his wife and children with it for an hour that it was never asked of any King That to their Fears and jealousies he would take time to satisfie all the world hoping that God would in his good time discover the bottoms and secrets of all plots and treasons and set him upright with his people The substance of his Declaration was this That he had little encouragement to Replyes of this nature when he is told of how little value his words are with them though accompanied with Love and Iustice That his honour ought not to be wounded under the common stile and imputation of evil Councellours That he had formerly declared his faithful affection to the Protestant Profession his whole life answerable in practice which should rather be acknowledged by them than any designe of his framed and declared to alter it in this Kingdom calling God to be witness and wishing that the judgement of Heaven may be manifested on those that have or had any such designe Concerning his sense of his good Subjects in Ireland what had he not done in his Messages to both Houses offering his own person ready to venture for their preservation and redemption being to give God an account of his interest in them Denyes any designe of forcing the Parliament by his Army and other particulars of the Petition of passes granted Col. Leg my Lord Jermins Pass as likewise the Lord Digbies And as for advertisements from Rome Venice Paris the Popes Nuncio the Kings of France and Spain He is confident â—o sober man in the Kingdom will believe that he is so desperate or senceless to entertain such designes to bring the Kingdom to destruction and bury his name and posterity in perpetual infamy He adds in conclusion could there yet want evidence on his part to joyn with his Parliament Look back upon their own Remonstrance in November last of the State of the Kingdom which valued his Acts of Grace and Iustice at so high a rate that it declared the Kingdom a gainer though it should charge it self by Subsidies and Pole-money six millions of pounds besides the Contracting the Sents demands of two hundred and twenty thousand pounds Nay more he hath passed those Bills for the triennial Parliament for relinquishing his Title to impose upon Merchants goods and his power of pressing of Souldiers for suppressing the Court of Star Chamber High-Commission regulating the Council-Table Are these but words The Bills for the Forrests the Stannery Courts the Clerk of the Markets the taking away the Vote of the Bishops nothing but words what greater earnest can be given than the Bill for the continuance of the Parliament The length of which he wishes may never alter the nature of Parliaments And for a perfect reconciliation with his people he offers a free pardon Nor doth he repent of his favours done them but will meet them in an honourable way to add more with the greatest readiness and kindness for the peace Honour and Prosperity of the Nation This seemed satisfactory to the unprejudiced and sober but prevailed not at all with the factious and giddy multitude and less with their Chiefs and Abetters who now emit the Ordinance for the defence of the Kingdom which is resolved to be no whit prejudicial to the Oath of Allegiance and Supremacy and next that the Kings Commissioners of Lieutenancy over the respective Counties are illegal and void That their Ordinance for the Militia is to be obeyed as the fundamental law of this Kingdom and prepare another Declaration to that purpose As the King removed North-ward his mind went South-ward though the Showers gathered there which soon after came down in a storm But it is a question whether if the King had returned his influence had not dispelled and dissipated them which thickned presently together and resisted that light which Majesty dispenced in many after-gratious offers and condescentions till the setting of it after a big and fatal revolution Therefore he sends another Message to them from thence that he means to take up his residence at York conjures them to dispatch the business of Ireland and if calamities increase upon his Protestant Subjects there he shall wash his hands before all the World from any imputation upon him He saith that as he hath been forward to retract any thing intrenching upon them so he expects an equal tenderness in them towards him in any unquestionable and fundamental priviledge That his Subjects be not obliged to obey any Act Order or Injunction to which his Majesty hath not given his consent And therefore requires that they presume not upon pretence of any Order or Ordinance to which his Majesty is not a party of the Militia or any other thing to do or execute against the laws he being to keep the laws himself and his Subjects to obey them To this all the reply they made was That to have their Vote questioned or contradicted is a high breath of priviledge of Parliament and a Committee was by them appointed to examine where and by whom this Message was counselled and as the total of all this absurdity they justifie their last Declaration in every particular The King knowing what the Parliament drove at chiefly to render him suspect of favouring Papists being at Stamford published a Proclamation for putting the Laws in due execution against Papists this somewhat abated the charge which his enemies laboured to fix on him for this particular though they wrested this also giving out that it was a time-serving policy and that nothing less was intended What the two Houses did ambiguously supplicate the York-shire Gentry did cordially beg of the King desiring by such expedients as his Majesties own judgment should dictate a right understanding betwixt him and his Parliament to whom they would likewise address themselves The King returned a gratious answer with thanks tells them that he is not mistaken in the confidence of their affections nor will he ever deceive their expectations from him But as to the prayer of the Petition the alone way of a good understanding was for the Parliament to consider of his Message of the 20th of Ianuary that the Militia be setled by Act of Parliament explained in his
refreshment there Marched the next morning being Friday with the whole Army to Reading where he stayed till the Sabbath was past and caused publique Thanks to be given for his victory About this time Sir Nicholas Crispe Farmer of the Kings Customes and a Commander for the King by Land and afterward by Sea commanding a Regiment of Horse had the Convoy of the Train of Artillery from Oxford to the Sâ—ege of Glocester which he brought safely thither and quartered at a Knights house in Rouslidge near Glocester where he findes the best part of the house taken up by Sir Iames Enyon and other Gentlemen of no Command in the Army These Gentlemen chanced to miss some of their Horses out of their Pastures and suspecting the Colonels Souldiers very rashly demand satisfaction of the Colonel who refusing to draw forth his Souldiers upon Sir Iames his pleasure the said Knight departs and sends a Gentleman to him with a Challenge the contents of which was That he should meet him in a certain adjoyning Field with his Sword which if he did refuse to do he would Pistol him against the Wall Sir Nicholas accompanied with only one Friend within an hour goes to the appointed place where he findes Sir Iames and the Gentleman that brought the Challenge and desired to understand of Sir Iames the ground of his quarrel with him adding that his Command in the Army might excuse him from fighting however he was come with a Christian resolution to give him all reasonable satisfaction for what injury he had done of which he proâ—essed to be ignorant Sir Iames replied he expected justice from his Sword and thereupon drew Sir Nicholas doing the like the encounter followed wherein Sir Iames received an unfortunate thrust about the rim of his belly and was straightway conveyed to the aforesaid house and within two days died On Munday the 2 of October following a Council of War sat upon Sir Nicholas but considering the provocations that were given him in his own quarters they thought it justice to acquit him from any punishment in that Court and referred him to the King who being informed of the occasion of their difference Sir Nicholas was admitted to kiss his Majesties hand and received his Gracious Pardon under the Great Seal Pity it were so worthy and learned a Divine as Doctor Featly should be buried in Oblivion though by the Parliament he was for some years in the Lord Peters House in Aldersgate-street London for opposing the strict Rules of the Covenant he was formerly Minister at Lambeth but his Livings were given away and his Books bestowed on Mr. White of Dorchester From Reading the General was received at London with great Triumph the Army Marching into the City and were welcomed especially the Trained Bands by their Friends and met by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen at Temple-bar and the King departed to take up his Winter-quarters about Oxford This Expedition though not so successful as the Parliament voyced it yet buoyed them up in their reputation which was before very low so that soon after they came to ballance the Kings fortune which went less through the Confederation of the Scots who were then in preparation according to the agreement and Covenant entred into here to enter this Kingdom in assistance of the Parliament The King sensible of this and for practising whereof or at least intelligence with the main Agitators therein he in Ianuary sent the Marquess Hamilton Prisoner to Pendennis-Castle who had all along assured him to the contrary And being daily sollicited by the pressing miseries of his Irish Subjects who were not able to subsist longer under them to procure them some rest and respit from the violence of that Rebellion as also the better to withdraw his Protestant Army out of that Kingdom to his own assistance here against the Invasion of the Scots by the Marquess of Ormond his Lieutenant there concluded a Cessation for a year with those Rebels and then gave order that 3000 of his English Army should be Embarqued which soon after in November landed in Wales under the Command of Sir Michael Earnely a Wilt-shire Gentleman slain in the second Newbery Battel and Colonel Monk after the most renowned General Duke of Albemarl which being afterwards divided to make up several broken Regiments by Prince Rupert were rendred not so serviceable by reason of the change of Officers and parting with their old Comrades as they might have been had they continued in a Body together being most of them veterane and well-experienced Souldiers The greatest part of those Forces besieging Nantwich in Cheshire were surprized after a sudden and stout resistance made by Sir Thomas Fairfax who was sent thither with all speed to keep them from taking head in those Counties Among the Prisoners was this Colonel Monk who was sent up to the Tower of London where he continued a Prisoner in very hard durance till the War was near expired and then took a Commission for Ireland from which auspicious employment have sprung all his Heroick most glorious Actions towards the King and Kingdom But to give a more particular account of the War which was parcelled out into all the Corners of the Kingdom we must insert here other actions of the noble Marquess of Newcastle and those Forces which he sent the Queen upon her advance Southward to Newark The hot news whereof alarmed the Members at Westminster most of the Northern parts being already reduced for the King and these considerable places since the Battel at Adderton-Heath gained chiefly by the valour of Sir Henry Howard and Sir Savile who both lost their lives there and were interred together in York-Minster Howly House Tamworth Castle Burton upon Trent and Bradford yeilded to the Marquesses Forces Hallifax was likewise quitted by the Lord Fairfax himself with much ado shifting up and down with his broken Party and suffering Beverly near Hull to fall into the same hands until the Parliament sent down the Earl of Manchester to oppose this torrent of the Royal success who rising with his Associated Forces from Lyn which was yeilded to him September 16 part of which had toward the end of Iuly under the Command of Cromwel and Ireton surprized Burleigh House and Stamford and seized several eminent Gentlemen of those parts who were sent Prisoners to a new Goal in Maiden-street London Marched to the assistance of the Lord Willoughby of Parham then hardly put to it and who had lately yeilded Gainsborough upon Articles to the said Marquess of Newcastle And here I must not omit the death of a most eminent honourable person upon account of this unfortunate Garrison while in my Lord Willougâ—bies possession Some of his Forces had surprized the Earl of Kingston Father to the present Marquess of Dorchester and brought him hither whence for better security of his person which was of great concernment to the Kings affairs
seems and appears he had the Kings express command to fight that Army with all convenient speed and advantage Accordingly it was his intention to fight them that morning or at least by noon marching in view of them on the plain called Marston-Moor But it proved seven at night before both Armies Engaged The Parliamentarians had taken the advantage of a Corn-hill on the South-side of Marston-Moor four miles from York so that the Prince accepted of what fighting ground they had left him His Army was divided into Wings whereof the Marquess of Newcastle commanded one the Prince the main Battel though he charged in the left Wing where was General Goring Sir Charles Lucas and Major-General Porter Son to Mr. Endymion Porter of the Bed-Chamber Being thus resolved and drawn in Battalia ready to charge and begin the Encounter it was resolved upon the signal that the Princes left Wing should commence the Battel whither some new Reserves were brought to enforce and assist them The right Wing of the Parliamentarians Horse which consisted of the L. Fair-fax's Troops in the Van and of the Scotch Cavalry in the Rear against which the Prince had a more peculiar indignation was at the first Onset of the Kings left Wing of Horse commanded as aforesaid put to Total rout the Royalists following them in the pursuit so far as it was their unhappy custom that thereby they became the overthrow of their own Army The Scots some of them ran ten miles an end and a wey bit crying out Quarter with other lamentable Expressions of Fear During this Slaughter and Conquest in that part of the Field the Victory stood dubious on the other where the Earl of Manchester's Horse were on the Left Wing of their Army These were Raised out of the Associated Counties of Bedford Cambridge Suffolk Buckingham c. commonly called the Eastern Associates and both for Arms Men and Horses the compleatest Regiments in England They were more absolutely at the command of Colonel Cromwel then Lieutenant-General to Manchester an indefatigable Souldier and of great courage and conduct of whose â—â—â—ions we should have spoken before and have mentioned how he first secured those Counties for the Parliament purging that is to say extinguishing the University suppressing several endeavours for the King namely taking Sir Thomas Barker Sir Io. Pettus and Capt. since Sir Thomas Allen Admiral of the Seas and other the prime Gentlemen of Suffolk Prisoners at Lowestoft in Suffolk as they were met at a Rendezvous there to promote the Commission of Array as he did Sir Henry Connisby at Saint Albans soon after having reclaimed himself from the open vanities of Youth and taken up the secret Vices of Old men so that certainly a stranger change was never wrought in any man each Vice skipping over its medium of vertue which he touched not at all becoming the contrary extream his youthful Debaucheries proving in his Old Age all manner of Atheistical Prophaness as Perjury Hypocrisie Cruelty in a word what not so that indeed they had no more parallel than his as strange Fortunes He was born April the 25th in Saint Iohns Parish in the Town of Huntingdon and was Christened in that Church the 29th of the same month Anno Dom. 1599. where Sir Oliver Cromwel his Uncle gave him his name being received into the Bosom of the Church by her Rites and Ceremonies both which he afterwards rent and tore and ungraciously and impiously annulled and renounced That I may use my own words in his Life and Death lately printed and transcribe a Paragraph or more which are of use here for the information and satisfaction of Posterity That year 1599 was the last of that wonderful Century and did just precede the famous and celebrated Union of the two Kingdoms of England and Scotland under King Iames as if it were congenial to Crowns as to other lesser accessions of Felicity in private persons to have at the same instant a temperament and allay to their Lustre and Greatness thâ—â—â—s Fortunes right hand presented a Scepter so her left hand was ready with a Scourge to wreak her Envy and fury upon the glory and Grandeur of that renowned Succession to and accrument of Dominion The subtilties Arts and Policies of his that Goddess under the name of Providence potently and irresistibly conspiring with his as close Treasons and dissembled Treacheries to the ruine and overthrow of this Church and Kingdom singly and insensibly accomplished by the mean and unobserved hand of this bold and perjurious Politique Every thing hath its Good and Evil Angel to attend it and that grand and happy Revolution was to be afflicted and persecuted by this Fury to an almost dissolution of its well-composed and established frame He was descended of a very ancient Knightly Family of his name in the County of Huntington where for many Ages they have had a large and plentiful Patrimony it will suffice therefore to deduce him from no further Originals then Sir Henry Cromwel his Grandfather a Gentleman highly honoured and beloved both in Court and Country who had issue Sir Oliver his eldest Son Henry Robert and Richard and Sir Philip the youngest whose Son upon suspicion of Poysoning his Master was accused thereupon convicted and hanged some thirty five years ago This our Oliver was Son of Mr. Robert Cromwel the third Son of Sir Henry a Gentleman who went no less in esteem and reputation that any of his Ancestors for his personal worth until his unfortunate production of this his Son and Heir whom he had by his wife Elizabeth Steward the Niece of Sir Robert Steward a Gentleman of a competent fortune in this County but of such a maligne effect on the course of this his Nephews life that if all the Lands he gave him as some were Fenny ground had been irrecoverably lost it might have past for a good providence and a happy prevention of those Ruines he caused in the three Kingdoms For that estate continued him here after his debauchery had wasted and consumed his own Patrimony and diverted him from a resolution of going into New-England the Harbour of Nonconformists which design upon his sudden and miraculous conversion first to a civil and Religious deportment and thence to a sowre Puritanism he straightway abandoned by the former Repentance he gained the good will and affection of the Orthodox Clergy who by their perswasions and charitable insinuations wrought him into Sir Robert Steward's favour insomuch that he declared him his Heir to an Estate of four or five hundred pounds a year by his second change to Non-conformity and Scrupulous Sanctity he gained the estimation and favour of the Faction some of the Heads whereof viz. Mr. Hambden and Master Goodwin procured him the Match with a Kinswoman of theirs Mistris Elizabeth Bowcher the Daughter of Sir Iames Bowcher and afterwards got him chosen a Burgess for Cambridge by their interest
with the Parliament but Hamilton was over-trusted Much ado he had to pass the ways being so strictly guarded while the Scotch Army was in England At his arrival in the Highlands being supplyed with 1100 men from the Marquess of Antrim out of Ireland and another addition under the Lord Kilpont and the Earl of Perths Son he marched to find out the Army of Covenanters then gathered under the command of Tullybarn the Lord Elch and Drummond consisting of a great Force into Perth-shire where at Tepper-Moor he obtained a great Victory his Souldiers for want of Arms and Ammunition making use of the Stones lying advantagiously on the Fighting-ground Here he killed no less then 2000 men whereupon Perth-City opened its Gates to the Conquerour To withstand and repress so dangerous an Enemy within the Bowels of the Kingdom another Army was raised and put under more Experienced Captains In the mean while Montross had fallen into Argyles Country where he made miserable havock intending utterly to break the Spirits of that people who were so surely Engaged to Arguiles side Here the Earl of Seaforth followed him with an Army and the Marquess of Argyle had another of the other side Montross therefore resolved to fight with one first and so fell upon that party under Argyle which he totally routed killed 1500 on the place the rest escaped and so the Marquess of Montross bent his way after the other Army which he defeated at Brechin being newly put under the command of Colonel Hurry afterwards offers Battel to Bayly who had another Army ready to fight him but he waited for advantages whereupon he marches after Hurry who had recruited and was pressing upon the Lord Gourdon having taken Dundee in his way and at Alderne discomfits him killing 1800 and dispersing the rest He seeks out Bayly to whom was joyned the Earl of Lindsey and at Alesford-hills forced them to fight utterly routed them and obtained a remarkable Victory But that which lessened the Triumph was the death of the Lord Gourdon one that was as the right hand of Montross A very Loyal Right Noble Gentleman being Eldest Son to the Marquess of Huntley After this he comes to St. Iohnstons where he alarm'd the Parliament there sitting and so into the Lowlands where the Kirk had another Army in readiness under the command of the aforesaid Bayly At a place called Kilsith both Armies met and a cruel Battel it was but in conclusion Success and Victory Crowned Montross's Head and almost 6000 of his Enemies were slain in this fight the pursuit being eagerly followed for a great way the Covenanters at first fighting very resolutely but the fortune of Montross still Prevailed The Nobility now every where readily assisted him and the Towns and Cities declared for him so that the Kingdom which afforded men and assistance for the Invasion of another Kingdom was not now able to defend it self the Governour so was Montross dignified being seized of all places almost of strength even as far as Edinburgh where some Royal prisoners were delivered to him The Estates of Scotland therefore sent for David Lesley while Montross expected Forces from the King under the Lord Digby which staid too long and were afterwards defeated at Sherburn in York-shire Upon the arrival of Lesley most of the Forces under Montross not dreading any Enemie so soon out of England were departed home so that Lesley finding Montross in a very weak condition at Philips-Haugh fell upon him before he could retreat almost before his Scouts could give him intelligence and there routs him He at first resolved to lose his life with the field but being perswaded of better hopes he resolutely charged thorow and brought the flying remains of his Army safe into the High-lands where he began new Levies But the fortune of the King failing every where he was the next year ordered by the King then in the Scots custody to disband and depart the Kingdom And so we leave him till a more unhappy revolution of time In the beginning of this year Colonel Massey received a defeat at Lidbury the manner thus Prince Rupert who had for some time quartered thereabouts to make new Levies had intercepted some Scouts and by them understood the Col. had taken up his quarters there intending to fall upon Sir Iohn Winter who had been his restless adversary throughout the War in Gloucester-shire and who being called into the Army had tired his house which he had maintained as a Garison against all opposition When the Prince was within half a mile of the Town Massey took the Alarm commanded his Horse to mount and gave order for his Foot to march that the Royalists might not get before them which the Prince aimed at A furious Charge the said Horse maintained consisting principally of Officers among whom was Kirl that betrayed Monmouth at last Massey was forced to flye narrowly escaping taking Major Backhouse his great second being mortally wounded with divers others and some common Souldiers taken Prisoners the rest fled to Gloucester in haste with the Governour But that which deservedly ought to begin the year was the investiture of Sir Thomas Fairfax in the supreme Command of the Army It was the first of April when he received his Commission and on the twenty third of April he went from London to Windsor to perfect the new Model where he continued in that troublesome affair to the end of the month In the mean time Colonel Cromwel who had been commanded out of the West by the Ordinance of the Parliament against Members continuance in any Military command whose limitations of forty days was then expired came thither to salute the General and next morning was stopped there with a dispensation from his attendance on the House for forty days longer which was extended to the length For Prince Rupert and his brother Maurice had gathered a competent Army of Horse in Worcester-shire and the confines of Wales and were ordered by the King to come and fetch him off with his Infantry and Train of Artillery from Oxford To which purpose a Convoy of Horse was presently dispatched consisting of near 2000 being the Regiments of the Queen the Earl of Northampton the Lord Wilmot and Colonel Palmer while the Princes advanced in a body after them Upon advertisement thereof the Committee of both Kingdoms recommended it to the General to send Lieutenant-General Cromwel with some Horse to march beyond Oxford and lye on the way to Worcester to intercept the same Convoy With a party of Horse and Dragoons therefore then on the field neither mustered nor recruited as of the new Model Cromwel immediately marched found the enemy and engaged them neer Islip-bridge routed them took 400 Horse and 200 Prisoners and the Qeens Standard And to make up this a kind of a victory presently summoned Blechington-house within four miles of Oxford where Colonel Windebank
Great Fears and Distrusts were arisen in the Parliament it self not much different from despair several Members being over-heard to say in their passage to the House out of Westminster-hall that there was no hopes but in the Kings mercy and that the speediest recourse thereto would be the safest Expedient for them And the Royal party were as good as Cocksure as we say that the day was their own which they made appear even in London by all publike signes and discourses The King himself deceived also with this Lightning before his Ruine which he construed for the greatest Sunshine of his Felicity was of the same Opinion the result whereof appeared in a Letter written to the Queen Iune the 8th where he used this Expression I may without being too sanguine affirm that since this Rebellion my affairs were never in so hopeful away But behold the inconstancy and fate of War This his greatest Exaltation proved his utter Crushing and Final overthrow in the approaching Encounter at Naseby For the Parliament being alarm'd with this imminent danger gave speedy command to Sir Thomas Fairfax to rise from Oxford and march after the King and put their disperate condition to the decision of a Battel For they were now upon a ticklish Point and Treachery and Division at Home with the Kings growing Success would no doubt improve to a publike desertion of the Grandees of the Faction than which to them a Conquest could not be worse if not advantagious by linking and involving so many in the danger that in the multitude of the offenders they might find shelter The King was now in dispute whether he should turn his Arms to raise Oxford or Pomfret-siege march Southward or Northward The York-shire-men insisted on going homeward to their own Country that had so long been harrased by and under the Dominion of the Scots of which opinion was Sir Marmaduke Langdale and that in going thitherward probably Fairfax would rise and follow where some notable advantages might be taken of him so far distanced from any place or succour of relief Others were of opinion that the King should march into the Association and bending a little Westward joyn with General Goring who now again besieged Taunton with a gallant Army and had worsted Colonel Welden sent thither with succours as aforesaid and then with his United Forces which Fairfax would be in no case to resist to march directly to London and put an end to the War While this Consultation was held Fairfax was ordered to rise from before Oxford by the Committee of both Kingdoms who startled with the loss of Leicester resolved as before to put the business to an Issue by the fortune of a Battel if the King would be brought to it From Oxford the Army arose intending to put themselves between the King and the Associated Counties and fight him if he advanced if not to follow him with the same resolution The 5th of Iune the Parliaments Army marched to Marsh-Gibeon ten miles from Oxford and Major-General Brown put a substantial Garrison into Gaunt-house as a Curb and Bridle to the Oxonians when news was brought them that the King was come to Daventry with an intent to raise the Siege Iune the 6th the Army marched to Brickhil designing Stony-Stratford for the Head-quarter but that intelligence came that the King had faced Northampton with some of his Horse and it was thought dangerous to come so near him before the Horse under Vermuden were returned out of Derbyâ—shire and joyned with them Lieutenant-General Cromwel who had been sent with three Troops of Horse a little before to secure the Isle of Ely in case the King should make an irruption as was supposed was now by a Letter from the General to the Parliament desired to return to the Army to command the Horse and accordingly by their order he came back with 600 Horse of the Association the General writ likewise to Sir Iohn Gell Colonel Rossiter and the respective Governours of Warwick Coventry Northampton and Nottingham to send what Forces they could spare and then came Colonel Vermuden with 2500 Horse and Dragoons After this Conjunction the Army marched within three miles of Northampton where they were informed that the King was still about Daventry Quartering all his Foot and Carriages upon Burrough-hill as if he intended to fight upon that ground if they should advance but he stayed onely till 1200 Horse which he had sent to Oxford as a Convoy of the Cattel out of Leicester and Northampton-shire were returned The Parliaments Army then came to Gilsborough within five miles of Burrough hill where as their General was riding in the morning having been stopt in the night which was rainy and tempestuous by a private Souldier for the Word till the Captain of the Guard being sent for gave it him about three a clock he discerned the Royalists to ride fast over the said hill making fires in abundance as if they were firing their Huts which gave some cause to believe that they were about to march as it presently appeared About five in the morning Iune 13 certain notice was given that the Royalists were drawn off from Burrough-hill having stood in Arms all night being amazed that the Parliaments Army were so neer it having been spread abroad among them that they were gone for security into the Association So that the Convoy of Horse being come from Oxford they speedily resolved to march to Pomfret thinking that Sir Tho. Fairfax would not follow them or if he did they should fight him with more advantage Hereupon the Parliaments Drums and Trumpets began to sound and a strong party of Horse was sent under Colonel Ireton to fall upon the flank of the Kings Army if he should see cause and the main Body came that night to Gilling the Kings Head-Quarters being at Naseby which Ireton Alarm'd so that the King not having notice of it till eleven a Clock at night as he had little imagined the nearness of an Army or that they durst bear up to him much amazed left his own quarters at that unseasonable time and for security went to Harborough where Prince Rupert and the Van of the Army quartered and as soon as he came thither sent to call up his Nephew resting himself in a Chair in a low room In the mean time a Council of War was also presently summoned where it was resolved that seeing there was no bringing off the Rear if they should march further for Leicester but that the whole Army would be put in hazard they should give the enemy battel relying upon the valour of the Infantry and in a bravery to march back and find him out But this was more the Kings unhappy resolution than his Commanders who would have avoyded fighting till General Goring were joyned with them On Saturday Iune the 14 a day fatal to the King the Parliamentarians advanced by three a
clock in the morning to retard the Royalists March with their Horse By five a clock they Rendezvouzed neer Naseby and immediately great bodies of the Kings Horse were discerned on the top of the hill short of Harborough which shewed that he intended not to draw away but that he would come forward and engage them on the ground where they stood which they presently took the best advantage of possessing the edge of a hill from which they afterwards retreated 100 paces that the Kings Army marching upon plain ground might not well discern in what form their Battel was drawn nor see any confusion therein The King being falsly informed that the Parliaments Army was drawing off in haste and flying to Northampton marched on with the greater precipitancy leaving many of his Ordnance behind him The place of the fight was a large fallow-field on the Northwest-side of Naseby flanked on the left with a hedge which was lined with Dragoons to prevent the annoying of the left flank of the Parliaments Army that was drawn up in this posture Leiutenant-General Cromwel commanded the right Wing of Horse wherein were five Regiments and the addition of Colonel Rossiters Troops who was newly come when the fight began and took his post there Commissary-General Ireton commanded the left Wing of Horse and Dragoons and the General and Major-General Skippon the main Battel of Foot Both the Wings of Horse charged together upon the King 's who were drawn in the same Order and marched swiftly but very regularly upon the Enemy Colonel Whaley being in the right Wing charged first two Divisions of Horse of the Kings left Wing commanded by the Lord Langdale who made a gallant resistance firing at a very close charge and came to the Sword but were by force Routed and driven back to Prince Ruperts Regiment being the Reserve of the Kings Foot But the whole Right Wing of the Parliaments advancing which was with some difficulty by reason of a Coney-warren they passed they were totally routed after a Rally made and put to flight from which they never returned to their ground again so that in this part there was an absolute Conquest The success of the left Wing which charged the right Wing of the Kings was quite contrary Prince Rupert commanding it according to his wonted custome charged furiously and broke in upon and routed the three rightmost Divisions of that left Wing which was also distressed by a Brigade of the Kings Foot in which Ireton himself charged and therein being run through the Thigh with a Pike and into the face with a Halbert was taken Prisoner and kept so till the battel and fortune of the day changing he changed his condition giving his Keeper that liberty which he timely offered and came over to Sir Thomas Fairfax The left Wing being thus routed Prince Rupert pursued his advantage and success almost to Naseby-Town in his return summoning the Train and offering them Quarter who instead of accepting it fired lustily upon him who despairing of forcing it being well guarded by Fire-locks and perceiving the Success of the right Wing of Horse retreated in great hast to the rescue of his friends whom he found in such general distress that instead of attempting any thing in their Relief being close followed in the Rear by the Parliaments Horse of both Wings who were joyned he stopped not until he came to the ground where the King was rallying his broken Forces himself in person In the main Battel the Kings Regiment Sir Bernard Ashley's and Sir George Lisle's Tertia's stood manfully to it their Horse being in the Rear of them but could no way assist them being kept from it by part of the Enemies Horse who kept them in action the other part fell in with their own Foot and joyntly poured their whole strength upon the Kings Infantry which now except one Tertia were all at mercy the Reserves being likewise routed This standing parcel of Foot Cromwel endeavoured to break with his Horse attempting them in Flank Front and Rear but in vain till the Generals own Regiment of Foot came up and fell in with the butt-end of their Musquets the Horse Charging them at the same time and so trampled them down The King had now nothing in the Field but his Horse where he himself was which he had put in as good order as the time and the near pressing of the Enemy would permit which Fairfax perceiving he resolved to stay for his Foot who were a quarter of a mile behind him that he might not put the day in hazard again As soon as they came up the Horse opened at great distance to receive their Foot in the midst of them and stood again in the same form of Battalia as before the commencement of the Fight having not onely the advantage of ground but the Kings Artillery who besides had no Foot to entertain the levelled Volleys against his Cavalry During this respite the Dragoons of Fairfax under Colonel Okey advanced a person miserable by nothing more than his valour which betrayed him to the Artifices of Cromwel in the matter of the King and with notable courage and smartness fired upon the Kings Troops his Majesty now discharging the part of a Souldier animating his men to a second round Charge upon the Horse opposite to him not yet secured by their Infantry but they soon appearing the gallantry of that resolution was lost and the danger and despair of doing any good by any further resistance prevailed against the Kings entreaties and indeed against the reasonableness of the attempt For who can but expostulate the misery of this day the Troops of those calamities that broke in upon the Kingdom sadly upbraiding the relasch and weakness of that Cavalry which might by a generous Bravery have saved themselves their honour the King and the Kingdom and which is more the innocence of the Nation But the Justice and over-ruling Wisdom of Almighty God vouchsafed not his assistance and favour to those Arms reserving the Honour and Reputation of the Cause they defended to his unquestionable all-puissant Arm that it might hereafter be transcribed to posterity from the visible and glorious manifestations of Digitus Dei Read then and peruse with thine eyes O guiltless Posterity the Fates of the flying Royalists on whom for fourteen miles the despicable condition of the Enemy but that morning proving the most potent and formidable strength the Parliamentarians did Execution no parties of them making any notable resistance but were freed from the extremity of the pursuit more by the tire of their enemies Horse than by the celerity of their own The Prisoners taken at this fight were 6 Colonels Commissioned and Reformadoes 8 Lieutenant-Colonels 18 Majors 70 Captains 8 Lieutenants 80 Ensignes 200 other inferiour Officers besides 4 of the Kings Footmen 13 of his houshold 12 pieces of Ordnance 8000 Arms 40 barrels of Powder 200 Carriages all
wicked instruments to justice that have misled him is the principal ground of our fighting Sir if God makes this clear to you as he hath to us I doubt not but he will give you a heart to deliver this place notwithstanding all the other considerations of Honour Courage Fidelity c. Because of their constancy and use in the present business depends upon the right or wrongfulness of this that hath been said And if upon such conviction you shall surrender it and save the loss of blood or hazard the spoiling of such a City it would be an occasion glorious in it self and joyful to us for the restoring of you to the endeared affections of the Parliament and People of England the truest friend to your Family it hath in the World But if this be hid from your eyes and through your wilfulness this so great famous and ancient a City be by your putting us to force the same exposed to the ruine and extremities of War which yet we shall in that case as much as possible endeavour to prevent then I appeal to the righteous God to be judge between you and us and to require the wrong And let all England judge whether the burning of its Towns ruining its Cities and destroying its people be a good requital from a person of your Family which hath the Prayers Tears Purses and blood of its Parliament and People And if you look on either as now divided hath ever had that same party both in Parliaments and People most zealous for their assistance and restitution which you now oppose and seek to destroy and whose constant grief hath been that their desires to serve that your Family have been ever hindred or made fruitless by that same party about his Majesty whose Counsel you act and whose Interest you pursue in this unnatural War I expect your speedy Answer to this Summons with the return of the Bearer this evening and remain Your Highness Humble Servant THO. FAIRFAX The Trumpeter was detained all the night during which there was a voluntary Cessation on both sides which continued all the next day when this Answer was returned SIR I Received yours by your Trumpeter I desire to know whether you will give me leave to send to the King to know his pleasure in it Your Servant RVPERT To which this was the Reply next day SIR YOur overture of sending to the King to know his pleasure I cannot give way to because of delay I confess your Answer doth intimate your intention not to surrender without his Majesties consent yet because it is but implicite I send again to know a more positive Answer from you self which I desire may be such as may render me capable of approving my self Your Highness Humble Servant THO. FAIRFAX In the mean while additions of Country-forces by means of Mr. Ashe and others promoting the Generals Warrant to that purpose being come to the Leaguer a Storm was concluded on for that intelligence came to the Army and was seconded with advice from the Committee of both Kingdoms that the King who was then newly come out of the Associated Counties of which by and by was intended for the relief of Bristol and to that purpose was to joyn with General Goring who was newly inforced as was said before and was now about Collumpton in Devonshire whose Letters intercepted being sent to Secretary Nicholas said that within three Weeks time he should be in a condition to relieve the Town So that the Prince did prudently temporize with Fairfax by sending out a Draught of very high Articles while succour might be sent him and his Lines finished though others and those valiant expert Commanders of whom for honours sake Colonel Pretty ought not to be forgotten declared that the Town was tenable by force and needed not the courtesie or charms or words to preserve it but it since appears that the Prince had Orders from the King if it came to extremity to surrender it upon honourable Articles On the 10 of September the City having been alarmed two nights together about two of the Clock in the morning the Storm began which was round the City for the Sea-men also having by the loss of Portshed which was rendred to Colonel Weldens Regiment free riding in the River attempted it of their side but the Tide failed them the disposal of the several posts of the several Regiments was after this manner The signal being given which was by setting on fire a great heap of straw and faggots on the top of a hill and the shooting of four great Pieces of Ordnance against Pryors Fort from the place where the General was to reside all the time of the Storm the General Assault began Colonel Montague and Colonel Pickerings Brigade with their Regiments at Lawfords gate entred speedily and recovered two and twenty great Guns and took many Prisoners in the Works them Major Desborough seconded with his Horse of the Generals Regiment and part of Colonel Graves Sir Hardress Waller's Regiment and the Generals between Lawfords gate and the River Froom Lieutenant-Colonel Pride's Regiment part against Pryors Fort and part to alarm the great Fort who in the mean while took a Fort wherein were some Welch-men Colonel Horn and Colonel Raustings attempted neer Pryors Fort. The Horse that entred here were led on by Captain Ireton seconded by Major Bethel who received a shot in the thigh whereof he after dyed whose Troops likewise mortally wounded Colonel Taylor of the Kings party The Line being thus thrown down by the Pioneers and mastered both by the Foot and Horse the Royalists Horse retreated and stood in a Body under the favour of the great Fort and Coulstons Fort. Priors-hill-Fort held out the most obstinately but at length was resolutely mastered where Prides Souldiers gave no quarter except to a very few in regard of the great slaughter they within made by their gallant defence But on the Somersetshire-â—ide the success was not answerable where Colonel Weldens Ingoldsby and Herberts Regiments were appointed to storm these by reason of the height of the Work which they had not rightly calculated the Ladders proving too short were repulsed with great loss of above 300 men Leiutenant-Colonel Purefoy and Major Cromwel killed in the general Assault and soon after some part of the Town was set on fire to make the other more defensible And then the Prince thought good to treat and obtained the Conditions he first propounded saving that the General would not admiâ— of freeing the City from any Garrison I may not omit that Sir Richard Crane a familiar and Favorite of the Prince was killed some time before in a Salley According to the honourable Articles of the Surrender on the 14 of September the Royalists Marched out and then assigned as was before agreed Oxford for the place they would go to and because of the danger of the Clubmen had 1000 Arms lent them at the
and private concernment the King not able or unwilling to be enured to by a constant sight of them departed with his flying Army towards Wales again intending for the relief of Chester with this purpose on the 19 of September he came to Ludlow and there understood that General Pointz out of the North was dogging him at the heels being thereto appointed by the Committee of both Kingdoms expecting an advantagious juncture of time and place to fight him which upon the Kings neer advance to Chester offered it self It was fore-thought that his design was there and therefore it was agreed by the besiegers and Poyntz that as soon as the King should approach he should instantly engage and upon signal accorded on they should draw off leaving a convenient force to make good the Leaguer and joyn with him in the fight At Routon-heath within two miles of Chester the King made a halt to give notice to the besieged likewise when Poyntz desperately fell on and being far engaged was presently worsted and beaten the Kings Horse which was all his strength fighting couragiously but while he was Rallying again in the very nick of a compleat Victory to the King which had disowned and forsook him in come his Reserves commanded by Colonel Iones and Louthian with neer 1000 Horse and Foot which gave so much encouragement to Poyntz broken Forces that they returned to another Charge While the King was a musing what to do being beset in Front and Rear in fine he made another brave Charge where though he had the worst yet he made thereby his Retreat good in part though in some disorder and with loss particularly of that thrice-Noble Lord Bernard Stuart Earl of Litchfield the last of the three Illustrious Brothers of the Duke of Richmond late deceased and so got into Chester with the remains of his Army where there was no safety for him to continue but upon advice it was held expedient to depart again for Wales of the fixed affection of which people the King had had constant experience After so many disasters upon the neck of one another yet did not the King despair of his Arms nor with pusillanimity give himself over to the complaints of his hard Fortune Though he had lost Armies in the field and Fortresses and Cities in every Corner of the Kingdome yet was he inexpugnable and invincible in his own mind and in the Loyal affection and constant sincerity of his Friends and good Subjects whose firm adherence till he totally disarmed them himself by his express command and Gods Soveraign assistance and strengthning of him within when there was no help from without was admirable and more admirably improved in his Meditations on this subject FRom small beginnings on my part he let me see that I was not wholly forsaken by my peoples love or his protection My sins sometimes prevailed against the justice of my Cause and those that were with me wanted not matter and occasion for his just chastisement both of them and me Nor were mine enemies less punished by that prosperity which hardned them to contrive that Injustice by open Hostility which was begun by most riotous and Vnparliamentary Tumults I never had any Victory which was without my sorrow because it was on mine own Subjects who like Absalom died many in their sin And I never suffered any defeat which made me despair of Gods mercy and defence When Providence gave me or denyed me vitory my desire was neither to boast of my power nor charge God foolishly whom I beleived at last would make all things work together for my good I wished no greater advantages by the War than to bring my Enemies to moderation and my Friends to peace I was affraid of the temptation of an absolute Conquest and never prayed more for Victory over others than over my self When the first was denyed the second was granted me which God saw best for me For notwithstanding these sad losses so thick together the King by moving up and down recollecting the scatterings of several parties had gotten together a good body of Horse with which on the 10 of October he marched to Texford thence to Welbeck and quartered part of his Army at Blits the 13 day and rendezvoused the 14 at Walsop where to answer the instant request of the Marquess of Montross who was deâ—â—ated as beforesaid at Philipshaugh for some assistance in Horse he divided his Army and appointed Sir Marmaduke Langdale and the Lord Digdy to march Northwards and with all convenient speed to joyn with the said Marquess This they attempted while the King went for Newark taking such a way as amazed the Parliaments Forces whither they were designed or how they should way-lay them and intercept their passage About Sherburn they wheeled off and beat up a guard intending to rendezvous at Bramton-Brierly the whole number of their Horse amounting to neer 1600. At this Camisade they surprised at Sherborn and Mylford 800 Foot and disabled Colonel Wren's Regiment of Horse All their Arms they endeavoured to have carried off laying them in heaps on the street till they could get Carriages to convey them away While they were providing Colonel Copley and Colonel Lilburn who had attended their Motion fell upon them with the like number of fresh Horse and after a sharp dispute where Copley's Regiment were first defeated the Royalists were forced to give back and so fled Northwards the enemy recovering all their Arms and Prisoners took 400 of them Prisoners among the slain was Sir Francis Carnaby and Sir Richard Hutton with 40 more the Countess of Niddisdale and four or five Colonels twelve Captains and Officers and the best prize of all was the Lord Digby's Coach wherein besides the rich spoil were also the Trophees of other mens shame private Letters of the King 's which were published with those taken at Naseby to the great scandal of all ingenuous and civil people But as the War began with Tumults so it was to be ended with worse indignities those base and Vulgar Prostitutions The Lord Digby was met and routed again at Carlisle-Sands and from thence with 20 men got to the Isle of Man and so to the Marquess of Ormond in Ireland The King was at Newark where a dissention happned concerning this very misfortune as if it had not been calamitous enough it self while the King and the Lord Bellasis then Governour of that Town sided with the reputation of the Lord Digby against the imputation with which the two Princes Rupert and Maurice the Lord Gerrard Sir Richard Willis formerly Governour of the same charged him as disloyal and treacherous For upon tâ—â—s difference which was grown to a quarrel the Lord Gerrard and Sir Richard Willis with some hundreds more withdrew themselves in a discontent and laid down their Commissions and the two Princes as they were coming to take their leave of the King in the same mood were treating
Volume as would scarce be imagined In the interim of this March Colonel Rainsborough who had beleaguered Wood-stock and attempted it by storm with very great loss it being manfully defended and as well fortified had it at last Surrendred to him upon such Articles as manifested the Governours worth and honour in the acknowledgments thereby given him from his Enemies The King foreseeing that Oxford was the next place which they designed not to make his own Court his Prison what ever should be done by his Enemies if it should please God to reduce him to that distress resolved to withdraw himself in time to the Scotch Army who as was reported and generally believed had given him some assurance that not onely his Majesty but all others that adhered to him should be safe in their persons honours and consciences in their Army yet not to lay more upon them having so much already I can hardly credit it The manner of the traverse of the King is thus related He went out of Oxford as Colonel Rainsborough informed the Parliament who no doubt were well acquainted with it before for they had no other means to be rid of the Kings instances for Peace of which hereafter together that continually sounded in their ears so neer hand than to have him removed from so neer a convenience of personal accommodation in the disguise of a servant to Colonel Iohn Ashburnâ—am who was accompanied with one Mr. Hudson a Minister who for his singular Loyalty and fidelity was intrusted in the menage of that affair and for which he deserves a better remarque than this Chronicle can contribute or set upon him losing his life afterwards in the same Cause in 1648 in the Commotions of that unfortunate year By his Examination upon this business it appeared that the King came first to Henly then to Brainford and so neer London removed back to Harrow on the hill there being a general Training of the City-Forces in Hide-Park whither the King was expected to come General Essex being them in the field and his Majesty almost perswaded to venture himself into their hands but other Counsels prevailing he departed to St. Albans and thence to Harborough in Leicestershire where he expected the French Agent with some Horse to meet him and conduct him to the Scots but he mssing the King went yet uncertain and irresolute what to do to Stamford in Lincolnshire and thence to Downham in Norfolk from whence the examinant was sent to the Agent and upon his return they three passed into the Scotch Army where for the present we shall leave him with this account of it from the General of that Army to the Parliament at London which imported thus much That out of a desire to keep a right understanding between the two Kingdomes he acquainted them with a strange providence with which his Army was surprized together with their carriage and desires thereupon That the King came the 4 of May in so private a manner that after they had made some search for him upon the surmises of persons who pretended to know his face yet they could not find him out in sundry houses Trusting to our integrity we are so far perswaded that none will so far misconster us as to make use of this seeming advantage for promoting any other ends than are expressed in the Covenant We do ingenuously declare that there hath been no Treaty nor Capitulation betwixt his Majesty and us nor in our names leaving the ways and means of Peace unto the Parliament of both Kingdomes And with such twilight of language concluded This was the happiest oportunity that ever offered it self to do honour to the Scotch Nation who had the Peace of three Kingdomes but their own particular glory at their sole Arbitrement and how miserably they abused this advantage and how they debauched their duty to their Prince and their reputation to the World we will not descant upon since the Parliament of Scotland in the year 1661 have so passionately protested against the conduct of this business and have exempted from pardon whomsoever shall afterwards be found guilty of this most base and disloyal usage of the King of which in its time Before this adventure which the King would have avoided if the insolence of the prevailing Houses at Westminster could have been by any means rebated his Majesty had courted the Parliament to a Peace by several Letters and Messages from Oxford the abstracts whereof it will not be tedious to recite The first of them was soon after the aforesaid overture from the Prince by the Lord Fairfax and was onely to desire a Pass or Safe-conduct for the Duke of Richmond the Earl of Southampton John Ashburnham and Jeffery Palmer Esquires for their journey and continuance at Westminster being furnished with such Propositions as his Majesty was confident would be the foundation of an happy Peace To this Address if I may so term it though the Houses thought lesser of it as appears by their Answer they retort That had his Majesties intentions been the same with his pretences and expressions a happy Peace had been settled long since That they cannot agree to his desires as to the coming of those Lords and Gentlemen into their Quarters in regard the designe for Peace may be of dangerous consequence That they are in debate of Propositions which they will draw up and send to be signed by way of Bill by his Majesty This was in December 1645. The Reader will excuse this retrospection because we will repeat this transaction in its own series To this the King ten days after replies with more quickening Language That his Majesty cannot but extremely wonder that after so many expressions on their part of a deep and seeming sence of the miseries of this afflicted Kingdom and of the dangers incident to his person during the continuance of these unnatural Wars their many great and so often-repeated Protestations that the raising of these Arms hath been onely for the defence of Gods true Religion his Majesties honour safety and prosperity the peace comfort and security of his people they should delay a Safe-conduct to the persons mentioned in his Majesties Message of the 5 of this instant December which are to be sent unto them with Propositions for a well-grounded Peace A thing so far from having been denyed at any time by his Majesty whensoever they have desired the same that he believes it hath been seldome practised among the most avowed and professed Enemies much less from Subjects to their King But his Majesty is resolved that no discouragements whatsoever shall make him fail of his part in doing his utmost indeavours to put an end to these Calamities c. And therefore doth once again desire a Safe-Conduct This would not do neither the King therefore aggresseth them anothe way and offers a personal Treaty ten days after His Majesty laying aside all expostulations as rather losing time than
contributing any remedy to the evils will not complain of their neglect of him and delays of Answer but sends these Propositions this way which he intended by the forementioned persons For conceiving that the former Treaties hitherto proved ineffectual chiefly for want of power in those persons that treated as likewise because those from whom their power was derived not possibly having the particular information of every several debate could not give so clear a judgment as was requisite in so important a business his Majesty therefore desires that he may have the engagement of the two Houses at Westminster the Commissioners of the Parliament of Scotland the Mayor Aldermen and Common-Council and Militia of London of the chief Commanders in Sir Thomas Fairfax his Army for his Majesties free and safe coming to and abode in London or Westminster with such of his Servants and Train not exceeding the number of three hundred for the space of forty days and after the same time for his free and safe repair to any of his Garrisons Oxford Newark Worcester c. which he shall appoint there to have a Personal Treaty with his two Houses to begin with the three heads which were Treated on at Oxford And for the better ingredience and expedition thereto will commit the great trust of the Militia for seven years into the hands of a mixt number of his own and their party and calls God to witness of his sincere intentions to Peace and adjures them likewise to the same To this he is instant with them for an answer and for the facilitating of the way to a Treaty and their better inducement without any expostulation which he says he purposely forbears he adds now more particularly and to the respective interests That upon his repair to Westminster he doubts not but so to joyn his indeavours with his two Houses of Parliament as to give just satisfaction not onely concerning the business of Ireland but also for the setling a way for the payment of publique debts as well to the Scots as to the City of London and others and resumes his desire afresh for a Personal Treaty and that they would accept of his former offers But the House of Commons resolved to keep to their first Answer not to treat but to send Propositions the main whereof was an absolute avoydance of the Kings concession as to the Militia which they would have solely vested in themselves and no other And to give colour to this unreasonable stifness and to obstruct a Personal Treaty they Vote how great danger there is already to the Parliament and City in the resort of so many Cavaliers to London and thereupon an Ordinance is made anew setling the Militia thereof and requiring them to provide for the safety of the City and to search for Delinquents and to expel them the Lines of Communication and then on the 14 of Ianuary returned his Majesty this Answer They repeated the innocent blood spilt by his Majesties Command and Commission Irish Rebels brought over and more with Forraign Forces on coming the Prince of Wales heading an Army in the West and Garrisons kept against them and Forces likewise in Arms for him in Scotland That for that reason until satisfacton and security be given unto both Kingdoms his coming cannot be convenient nor do they conceive it can be any way conducing to Peace that his Majesty should come to his Parliament for a few days with thoughts of leaving it especially with intentions of returning to Hostility against it And do note likewise that his Majesty desires not onely the engagement of the Parliament but of the Lord Mayor and the Officers of the Army and the Scotch Commissioners which is against the honour and priviledges of Parliament those being joyned with them who are subject and subordinate to their Authority They insist upon their Propositions as the safest and surest way to settle Peace as well in England as in Scotland of which Kingdom in his Letters he makes no mention In proceeding according to these just and necessary grounds for the putting an end to the bleeding calamities of these Nations his Majesty shall have the glory to be the principal instrument in so happy a work and they however misinterpreted shall approve themselves to God and man But what Before this came to hand the King sends another Message to know the reason of the detention of his Trumpet and farther offers the free and publique use of the Directory as commanded by the Parliament and then practised in some parts of the City of London to such as shall desire it and testifies to God and the World who they are that not only hinder but reject this Kingdoms future happiness it being so much the stranger that his Majesties coming to Westminster which was the first and greatest pretence of taking up Arms should be so much as delayed much less not accepted or refused But his Majesty hopes that God will no longer suffer the malice of wicked men to hinder the Peace of his too much afflicted Kingdoms From Oxford Ianuary 15. In the mean while some Papers concerning the Kings Transactions about a Peace in Ireland were published on purpose by the Parliament to cast a scruple into the minds of men as if while the King Treated he meant a new War by Ayds from thence and so to prejudice him in his peoples minds who began to murmur at the averseness and delays of the Parliament which news coming to the Kings ears he sends them a stinging and sharp Message which was the next day after he had received their Answer His Majesty thinks not fit to Answer those aspersions which are returned as Arguments for his not admittance to Westminster to a Personal Treaty because it would enforce a stile not sutable to his end being the peace of these miserable Kingdoms yet thus much he cannot but say to Those that have sent him this Answer That if they had considered what they had done themselves in occasioning the sheding of so much inocent blood by withdrawing themselves from their duty to him in a time when he had granted so much to his Subjects and in violating the known Laws of the Kingdom to draw an exorbitant power to themselves over their fellow-Subjects to say no more to do as they have done they could not have given such a false Character of his Majesties Actions That his Majesty with impatient expectation requires their Answer to his desire of a Personal Treaty as the onely expedient For certainly no rational man can think their last Paper can be an Answer to his former Demands the scope of it being That because there is a War therefore there should be no Treaty for Peace And is it possible to expect that the Propositions mentioned should be the ground of a lasting Peace when the persons that send them will not endure to hear their own King speak But what ever his success this way hath
Soveraignty but the difficulty of doing it in regard of those mutual distrusts that waxed every day stronger betwixt the two factions of Presbytery and Independency delayed a while the actual fruition of their desires The Bucket of interest went up and down a long while one side secretly closing with the King in a seeming tenderness for his Rights and Person to ballance the other who by an obstinacy against him and his Government engaged most of the first leaven of that tumultuous rabble to an adherence and strengthning of their party from an expectation of spoil and preferment upon their Models after their subversion of Monarchy In these their distractions the onely expedient for both was to protract time and await a more advantagious and favourable juncture for either of them wherein to compass and accomplish their several aims and divided projections upon the Kingdom Therefore the same publike ends and common concernments which were the pretended causes of the War were now declared to be insisted on as to constant and perpetual security viz. the Laws Religion and Liberty That the bâ—â—ting the Enemy in the Field was not sufficient alone to that purpose but that some provision must be made for the future and that those establishments of the publike upon a firm Peace would require time after so many commotions and dislocations such disorder and confusion of the policy of the Government To this purpose the King was held out to his people as an obstinate person no way changed in his mind as to their good but that all his offers of Treaty and Peace were meerly to impose upon their credulous affections intending nothing less than satisfaction to his Parliament against whom he had waged a long and bloody War That in a just resolution they had proceeded and would persist on their way of Propositions on which alone a lasting Peace might be grounded and expected That in the mean time they would take care that the Common Enemy should take no advantage of raising a new War indeed their tyrannical method of Composition for their Loyalty in the first might well make them as good as their words And with the old flourishes of Liberty and happy times inculcating their Successes and ascribing them to their Cause they thus offered to amuse the people exchanging their fineness and smoothness of words for the real repose and tranquillity looked for by the Kingdom This proceeding highly exasperated the Kings party and as much encouraged the desperadoes of their own to claw them with Petitions and Addresses of Thanks for these resolutions proving the onely means to continue the rupture and consequently their Power and Authority which how then and hereafter they executed we will now more particularly relate having laid down these SEEDS of the SECOND WAR as they and from then their Sequestrators and Committees were most wrathfully pleased to call it when they wrongfully placed it upon their score and account These were the transactions and the devices of the English Parliament and Army it will be requisite to see what the same bodies of Scotland do in reference to the Peace of both Kingdoms and we shall finde them in as great a strangeness to it as the former and not with far different purposes and intentions For the Scots would have money in Coyn and Specie the other were for the value in great penny-worths and purchases of Delinquents Estates The Scots as was said before had the King in their possession a good pawn and pledge for the debt accrued to them before for the pay due for their service in England which being not over-hastily pay'd they quitted their post at the Siege of Newark and with the King marched Northwards bearing him in hand that they were his gude Subjects and would stand as far as 't was consistent with their Covenant for his person and interests As the Army marched so did the King making the limits of their Quarters to be his Court until by leasurable journeys and which were interrupted by several Expostulations Expresses from Westminster he came at last and took up his residence at Newcastle where appeared such a deal of Scotch bravery especially among the Commanders of their Army that the place appeared like the revived Court of King Iames after his assumption to the Crown of England Every rag worn by them being bought and purchased if so fairly come by with English gelt In the mean while the Parlianent were debating concerning the Person of the King but it was so ticklish a point that they agreed not to any present positive settlement or entertainment of it but negatively in signifying to the Scots that in England his Majesty might be disposed by none but the Parliament of England That their Army in England is theirs and under their pay and pretending the inconvenience of the great distance of the King from them as to obtaining of his assent and then the Covenant This begat in the King another meditation in his Eikon Basil. where he discourseth and deplores those events which put him to such a choice but resolutely fixeth himself on his own Honour and Conscience however it should please God to order this disposition of him in the Scots hands And contrariwise it raised in the faction Soliloquies and Charms which way they might extricate this puzling difficulty As the first expedient the old stalk of courting the Prince was agreed upon and therefore they sent a Letter to the Governour of Gâ—ernsey to be conveyed to him At the Kings Arrival at Newcastle he was there received with all demonstrations of respect both from the Town and the Scots on the Towns part with the usual customes of Bone-fires and ringing of the bells and apprecations for his Majesties happy restitution and speedy accommodation with his Parliament on the Scots in a semblance of the same gladness and duty with protestations to the same purpose as the inhabitants wishes but which suddenly lost belief when their General signified by Proclamation not onely that no Papists or Delinquents should come neer his Person but also That although his Majesties Person were present yet all men whatsoever should yield Authority to the Ordinances of the Parliament A parcel of which Authority they themselves imitated laying heavy Assessments upon all the Northern Counties pretending the Parliaments negligence of their pay so that those poor people were ready to rise and free themselves from these oppressors having in vain Petitioned them at Westminster for relief which the Scots senting they privately sent for their Horse under David Lesly who had defeated Montross at Philipshaugh of which briefly before and driven him far enough into the High-lands to return to their main Army then at Newcastle to reinforce it and to secure themselves in their Quarters till the bargain should be made They at Westminster understanding hereof do resent this additional force of Scots and thereupon in anger Vote That this Kingdom hath no further
need of the Army of their brethren the Scots in this Kingdom and that the sum of one hundred thousand pounds should be advanced and paid to that Army as followeth viz. 50000 l. after their surrender of Newcastle Carlile and other English Garrisons possessed by them in England and the other 50000 l. after their departure into Scotland and order should be taken for the payment of their Arrears This was a good come on and a handsome induction to greater sums in the mean while the Scotish Commissioners with their Omne tulit punctum qui miscuit utile Dulci address themselves to the Parliament with their glozing oratory protesting the good intention of their Army and Nation and obtesting some speedy satisfaction of money that they might not be burdensome to the Country assuring them on one hand of their complying with the Parliament according to Covenant and offering something for the King too a la Mode the same Covenant like the man in the Fable that could blow hot and cold with the same breath But where so many words pass between buyer and seller a man may suspect little honesty or reason in either To confirm this their firm adherence in all fairness to the Covenant Mr. Alexander Henderson the Moderator formerly in that illegal Assembly at Glasgow in 1639. and Commissioner here in England afterwards a famed preacher Scholar and Presbyter was set upon the King at Newcastle whom the King handled with that acuteness both in private Conferences and Disputes as also in discussive Papers of the Controversies of the Discipline of the Church of England and so well plyed him his Majesties prudent and laborious undertaking of this person serving to stop the weaker yet more malapert assaults of his English Reformists who followed this grand Pattern by asserting the practice and universal consent of the Primitive Church beyond any private or modern opinion whatsoever that it is more than credible that Mr. Henderson convinced in his conscience of the errours he had maintained to the promoting of Schism and Rebellion from such a Church and against so excellent a Prince whose Learning Clemency and Courtesie were alike eminent not long after upon his return or rather sending home into Scotland languished with grief and anxiety of mind and with plain symptoms thereof and no other outward cause dyed Mr. Stephen Marshal another Presbyterian Minister and a famous Teacher of the Covenant was there also but the King would not be troubled with his discourses having such cause of offence at his prayers which made him afterwards wholly decline any intercourse with him the Papers wherein he had so rationally refuted the same principles with Mr. Henderson being publike and therefore he might well be disobliged from further trouble in that Controversie Nor were the disputes less between the Scots Commissioners and the Parliament which every day came in Print being politick subtile wranglings for nothing de lana Caprina each party endeavouring to cajole the other into absurd beliefs meer names of things and distinctions as the Person of the King c. wholly imploying those State-Logicians with whom Majesty and duty were nonâ—Entia Into these frivolous jars Cromwel and his Army-Fellows put in their Pleas and suborned some serious fools to throw in their considerations of the matter which reflected bitterly on the Scots not by way of Reason but bold impudent aspersions and indeed as to them ungrateful and unmannerly dictâ—ries Those the Commissioners take notice of complaining to the Parliament but in vain the Independant party laughing secretly at the pudder they made for such trifles as Religion and Government which so forwardly and designedly they themselves had overthrown and aukwardly and scrupulously they would now seem to intend and establish It being generally received by them as proclaimed by others That all was but a Juggle and the conclusion credited that report Setting aside other punctilio's between them concerning Presbytery which now laboured grievously in the birth being ready for the Midwifery of an Ordinance and was hereby retarded A Proviso for Tender Consciences being to be added as a superfaetation of that Discipline by the Independents and rejected as an after-birth inlet and receptacle of all Heresies Sects and Schisms by the Scots of which there will be occasion hereafter matter of State shall be first related as coming first to the Kings consideration in the Propositions after ten months time sent to him by Commissioners while he was at Newcastle To omit also all their disputes concerning the obligations of the Covenant as to mutual interests and polity of Government whereby the one Kingdome might not act without the concurrence of the other insisted on by the Scots and waved by the Members because these shadows and the Covenant it self is vanished and the best friends of it would be loath to have these absurdities and clashings of the said League revived the Confederates as at the building of Babel such our after-Commonwealth being divided within three years time among themselves in the very language of it and some great promoters of it then calling it now an Old Almanack I say not to rake in this unconcerning matter which is intended to be forgotten let 's proceed onely with this due insertion of another matter That Cromwel seeing how the Scots drove at money for pay to ripen a division betwixt them and the Houses set Poyntz's Souldiery and Garrison of York where he was Governour to mutiny for pay and to force it as the Scots did whose example they pleaded and with the same blow to discard Poyntz first from the affection and then from the command of his Forces one suspected to be honester than the designes of the Army could suffer On the 11 of Iuly the Propositions were finished and sent to the King by the Earls of Pembroke and Suffolk Mr. Goodwyn Sir Walter Earl Sir Iohn Hippesly and Mr. Robinson who met on the way with a Message from the King to the Two Houses in answer to their demand for the Marquess of Ormonds disbanding in Ireland wherein he desires their Propositions as the readiest and safest way to gratifie them in that and other things conducing to the Peace of the Kingdom A little while before this also Monsieur Bellieure a French Ambassador being sent to accommodate the difference between the King and Parliament received thanks from the Parliament to whom he first addressed but the interposition of his Master was wholly denyed whereupon he did the like fruitless office to the King and having had some private Audience with him after many good morrows departed To keep a punctual account of the Prince his Son's peregrination the first forrain place we find him in is about this time at the French Court in Paris of which the Queen then there also gave notice to the King by Mr. Montril the French Agent residing there The Propositions sent now to the King were quarrelled at
the life of his Martyred Majesty exempting from pardon all such as had proved themselves zealous and stout asserters of the King and his Cause Sequestrations Bonds Fines and Securities abiding the rest as to the King himself they had left him nothing but the name and Title of Regality the honour and support thereof being quite taken away The rest of them were private reserves and advantages for themselves and their partisans and some relating to the Kingdom of Ireland such an unreasonable miscellany that the Scots for pretence of honour could not digest them but scrupled at most of them as they were framed at Westminster for some of the reasons afore mentioned but swallowed then and were satisfied at their delivery at Newcastle by the Solution of Two hundred thousand pounds when in a peremptory manner as will presently be related they told him he must assent At the delivery of those Propositions on the 23 Iuly the King asked the Commissioners if they had power to Treat who replyed No then said the King Saving the honour of the business an honest Trumpeter might have done as much I hope you expect not a present Answer to this high concernment To which they answered that their time was limited to ten days By which time the King having viewed them declined them altogether though hardly be laboured and sollicited on all hands to comply with them and put into the Commissioners hands a Paper containing offers of coming to London to Treat there which they nevertheless excused themselves from sending to the Parliament whereupon the King sent this Answer to the two Houses by a Messenger of his own The Propositions tendered to his Majesty by the Commissioners c. to which the Parliament have taken up twice so many moneths for deliberation as they have assigned days for his Majesties Answer do import so great alterations of Government both in Church and Kingdom as it is very difficult to return a particular and positive Answer before the explanations true sense and right reason thereof be understood and that his Majesty upon a full view of the whole Propositions may know what is left as well as what is taken away or changed In all which he finds that the Commissioners are in no capacity to Treat with him That it is impossible for him to give such a present judgment of and answer to the Propositions whereby he shall be able to answer to God that a safe and well-grounded Peace will ensue and therefore desires to come to London upon the security of Parliament and Scotch Commissioners where by his personal presence he may not onely raise a mutual confidence betwixt him and his people but also have those doubts cleared and difficulties explayned unto him which he now conceives destructive to his Royal power if he shall give a full consent as they now stand as likewise to make known unto them his reasonable demands which he is assured will be conducible to Peace c. and will be there ready to give his assent to all Bills for the security and stability thereof not having regard to his own particular Conjuring them as Christians as Subjects and as men who desire to leave a good name behind them that they will so receive and make use of this Answer that all Issues may be stopped and these unhappy distractions peaceably settled And postscribes that upon such assurance of agreement he will immediately send for the Prince his Son not doubting of his perfect obedience to return into this Kingdom This Answer had a various reception in the House of Commons it startled the Presbyterians as who found it difficult to effect their purposes otherwise than by and with the King it tickled the Independents who did all they could by thrusting in harsh words and terms to make the King indisposed and averse to all Both became very sensible the King was not the man they took him for but a Prince of prudence and resolution no evil Counsellors being to be taxed with the penning of this as their custom was except Duke Hamilton and his Brother the Earl of Lanerick both of whom were very industrious in perswading his Majesty to consent nay even better friends than they to the King who feared this peremptoriness of the Parliament would grow to somwhat worser were almost of the same mind as far as preferring the safety of his life would indulge such thoughts whom the Presbyterians saw there was no way but by strict and undutiful restraint to bend to their will and the Independents by treachery and barbarous villanies to break and utterly to destroy Most highly incensed therefore was the Parliament at this refusal of those means which they said their most elaborate prudence and diligent ponderation of every circumstance after so long a time conducing to the King and Kingdoms happiness had prepared and digested to such an equal temperament of the rights of the King and the people The King was scandalized and reported every where as obstinate and perverse while nothing but the ipse dixit of the equity justice or reasonableness of their Propositions was produced nor was the Kingdom at all satisfied with their shallow suggestions But this served the turn with those who were glad it should be so and gratified the Rabble and the Army who fearful of a disappointment of their shares in the Ruine of the Kingdom the hopes whereof had so long flattered them more especially by the better perswasions and irresistible Arguments of money they suspecting the Issue some while before prevailed upon the Scots reason and faith and honesty to Boot who were so clearly convinced of the Kings refractoriness to the Counsel of his Parliament in denying those Propositions that they would nor could no longer maintain nor abet such his persistency therein but would leave him to the disposal of his English Parliament having first procured from him an Order and severe Injunction to the Marquess of Montross to lay down Arms though in a probable condition of recovering his late Defeat and to accept such Conditions as he could procure for him which indeed were mean and full of secret fraud and revenge against that Noble and famous Captain He was forced in the disguise of his Captains habit at his prefixed time to put himself on board an old and leaky vessel designed for him by the Estates of Scotland but pretending want of Victual and other necessaries while the time of his embarquing and set sail for Norway where it pleased God he arrived in safety and after traversed much ground solliciting the Kings cause in several forain Courts where he refused all imployments intent onely upon his Majesties affairs and at last betook himself to the Court of King Charles the second but of that and what afterwards happened to this illustrious Heroe there is yet room for another Memento The Scotch Compact being concluded the Earl of Lowdon very fairly tells the King still at
Newcastle what he must trust to if he will not comply with the offers of the Parliament If you refuse to assent you will lose all your friends in Parliament lose the City and all the Country and all England will joyn against you as one man they will process and depose you they will charge us to deliver your Majesty to them to render their Garrisons and to remove our Armies out of England and so both Kingdoms for eithers safety to agree and settle Religion and Peace without you to the Ruine of your Majesty and posterity and if you lose England you will not be admitted to come and Reign in Scotland We confess the Propositions are higher in some things than we approved of but we see no other means of closing with the Parliament And immediately thereupon Instructions are sent them from Scotland concerning the giving over of the King It had been debated in their Parliament and from thence sent to the Assembly for their advice by whom it was remitted in the affirmative and carried but by two voices in the Parliament and was accordingly transacted at Newcastle and London But the Scots were not so willing to be rid of the King as the Northern Counties were to be rid of the Scots of whom besides free quarter that Army had levied 20000 l. a month an unheard-of rate and a most unreasonable Several general complaints had been made but now they made up a charge of particulars with variety of imputation upon them which being also Printed the Scots Commissioners desired the suppression thereof or some other reparation which was as one may think well repaid in the sums of money they received upon this Contract which at first demand was no less than a Million but in consideration of a present round sum abated to 400000 l. whereof 200000 l. to be paid at two payments the first upon quitting Newcastle and marching beyond the River Tine the other upon the delivery of the King and their departure out of England and surrendring Carlile and Berwick to the performance on either part Hostages to be given The Scots insisted upon security for the remaining 200000 l. naming very conscionably and brotherly the sale of Delinquents estates but the Parliament would not so undervalue their credit nor prostitue it to their lustful eye cast upon so fair a partage of their Conquest nor buy the King and sell his friends The money they had was enviously enough bestowed on them being the sacrilegious rapine of Church-Lands then exposed to sale by Ordinance of Parliament but conveyed in pomp to the place of payment in thirty six Waggons six Regiments of the Army by the order of the General going with it for its Convoy and according to the agreement the first 100000 l. was paid at Northallerton in December Not to prosecute this subject further through so many diversities and change of countermines nor to touch on those irreverend Declarations from the Scotch Parliament and Assembly and their Reasons as unmannerly of not admitting the King into that his Kingdom it will suffice to say that at last they acquainted the Parliament having received their money that they were now upon going home and desired to know what service the Parliament would command them to the Parliament of Scotland which the King foreseeing and that he should be thus basely abandoned by them he betakes himself afresh to his sollicitation of his English Parliament wherein he saith That he had endeavoured by his Answer of the 24th of July last to their Propositions delivered him in the Name of both Kingdoms to make his intentions fully known But the more he endeavoured it he more plainly saw that any Answer be could make would be subject to misinformations and misconstructions which upon his own explanations he is most confident will give such satisfaction as to establish a lasting Peace He proposeth therefore again his coming to London upon security of both Houses where by his personal presence he may not onely raise a mutual confidence betwixt him and his people but also have all doubts cleared c. To conclude it is your King who desires to be heard the which if refused to a subject by a King he would be thought a Tyrant for it and to that end which all men did profess to desire Wherefore he conjures them as they desire really to shew themselves what they profess as good Christians or subjects that they accept this his Offer which he is confident God will so blâ—ss as to a happy Settlement c. A Reply was sent to the former by Sir Peter Killigrew one who had been the Parliaments Messenger throughout but none to this the two Houses being taken up with the business of disposal of his person somewhere else which was wholly remitted to them by the Negative Resolves of the Parliament of Scotland upon the Question of the Kings coming into that Kingdom That the Government shall be managed in the same manner and way as it hath been these five years last past and that fresh Assays and all means in the interim shall be used to make the King take the Covenant That if he shall do so yet the taking of it or passing the Propositions will not warrant them to assist him in England nor is the bare taking of it sufficient otherwise That the clause in the Covenant for defence of the Kings person is to be understood of the defence and safety of the Kingdom That if he refuse the Propositions he shall be disposed according to the Covenant and Treaty That he shall execute no power or Authority in Scotland till he do signe them and take the Covenant and that the Vnion be kept between both Nations His Majesty guessing at this their desperate and perfidious desertion of him had sounded their Commissioners then attending him in what condition or estate he was among them whether at Liberty or a Prisoner and put the Dilemma upon them If at liberty why he might not dispose of himself any-whither if in restraint what did they mean by his assenting and signing the Propositions which in no case could be valid or binding if agreed by him while a Prisoner To this the Scots had nothing to say but their Covenant with the English which they might not contravene and that according to the above mentioned Resolves which they now declared he was to be rendred to such hands as the Parliament of England should appoint who were expected every day upon that errand They further excused themselves from their reception and admission of his Majesty into Scotland from the danger and hazard they might incur his party being not yet so disbanded but that by his neer presence and advantage of his person they would resume their Arms and Courages and put that Nation in a worse broyl than before and for conclusion they told him they were in no condition to entertain him in that state and dignity
due to his person the Treasure exhausted and his Revenews eaten up so that there was but one way for his Majesty to turn which he might make hereafter large and convenient enough by a present speedy complyance with his two Houses at Westminster This made the King to look about him and to cast about which way to prevent and eschew this streight in which the baseness of the Scots had thus engaged him A design was therefore thought on of his escape from them but it was presently discovered and the surrender of him the rather expedited for the Scots were such honest dealers that having received their money upon the bargain they would not defeat their Chapmen of their purchase A wretched advantage to either the Scots never thriving after it but being totally at last vassalized and subdued and the Presbyterians in England every day growing less and less till they were swallowed up in the Anarchy and Medly of the following times and benighted in the succeeding confusions and Schisms We will leave the King thus in the Ballance between England and Scotland and cross over to Ireland of which little mention hath been yet made but shall now be remembred in its own series In the first four months of that Rebellion no less than 150000 Men Women and Children were Massacred there by the Irish Rebels an account whereof hath been published taken by the Rebels themselves lest they should have seemed more Cruel and Barbarous than indeed they were Some of these Murders were committed by old English Families Grafted upon Irish stocks and thereby became Roman-Catholicks such as were the Lords of the Pale who openly sided with the Irish and were their Chief Officers and Leaders The Earl of Leicester had been appointed Lord Deputy and he hastned thither but some difficulties intervening he by Commission appointed the Earl afterwards Marquess then Duke of Ormond to be his Lieutenant-General in that service who after many successful Encounters with the Irish whose numbers maintained the War more than their Valour though raised by the greatest incentive imaginable Natural desire of Libertie from the pressing Calamities of the Protestants there and the urgency of his Majesties affairs in England had concluded a Cessation by order of the King in 1643. Notwithstanding the Parliament-party and the Scots still carried on the War And to shew the Irish what they should trust to the Parliament in 1644 had Arraigned Mac Mahon and the Lord Macquire who a little before had broke out of Prison and after a months hiding were taken at the Kings-Bench Bar where Macquire insisted mainly on his Peerage but was over-ruled and both by a Jury of Middlesex-Gentlemen found guilty and sentenced for High-Treason for which soon after they were Executed as Traytors at Tyburn The Lord Inchiquin and the Lord Broughil condescended not likewise to this Treaty but with intermixed success stood out against the whole power of the Rebels and were at last greatly distressed To remedy this the Lord Lisle Son to the Earl of Leicester was now ordered to go for Ireland with an Army of 8000 men the Lord Muskerry was likewise General for the Irish in the Southern parts of the Kingdome who took several places of strength in a short time whereupon the Marquess of Ormond proceeded to make that Cessation a kind of Peace it being judged by the Lords of the Council there not onely an expedient for their safety for the Rebels threatned to besiege Dublin but also to divide them against one another the more moderate of them who had some sence of the Kings condition and had not altogether Renounced their Loyalty being for a composure but the Popes Nuncio and the inveterate Irish such as the Family of Oneal and Masquire and generally the Popish Clergy Opposing themselves thereto Notwithstanding it took some effect for the Marquess perceiving that no good could be done at present with the Parliament of England with whom he had Treated for supplies and assistance and had in lieu of it offered the Surrender of the places he held upon conditions to them and the Forces they should send came to agreement with the Rebels there and though the King had by his Letters from Newcastle ordered him not to proceed farther to any conclusion with them according as the Parliament had desired him yet seeing the necessity of falling into the hands of the Rebels or the Parliament and considering that the King when he writ this was in restraint and so his Commands might be dispensed with and that the Kings intention was to be judged better by them who saw the necessity of it upon the place and so not give way to other mens designs and false representations of it to his Majesty received these Propositions for Peace following being signed in November 1646 from the haughty Irish who thought themselves absolute First That the exercise of the Roman Catholick Religion be in Dublin and Drogheda and in the Kingdom of Ireland as free as in Paris or Brussels Secondly That the Council-Table consist of Members true and faithful to his Majesty and who have been enemies to the Parliament Thirdly That Dublin Drogheda Team Newby Cathirly Carlingford and all Protestant Garrisons be manned by the confederate Catholicks to keep the same for the use of the King and defence of the Kingdom Fourthly That the said Counsellours Generals Commanders and Souldiers do swear and engage to fight against the said Parliament of England and all the Kings Enemies and that they will never come to any agreement with them to the prejudice of his Majesties rights or the Kingdoms Fifthly That both parties according to their Oath of Association shall to the best of their power and cunning defend the Fundamental Laws of the Kingdom the Kings rights and liberties of the Subject These the Irish insisted upon and were held in play that they should be granted with such Provisoes as should become the Kings Honour and Conscience of which if that Loyalty they pretended was any way Real they ought not to be less sollicitous than the Marquess and in the mean while the Peace to be as good as Established which indeed by the said moderate party was thenceforward observed as to his Majesties Interest in that Kingdom The Parliament to stop this Agreement a little before dispatcht away the Lord Lisle who weary of his Journey at his setting out was recalled but part of his Army was Transported with whom was Colonel Monck the after Renowned General who being Tampered with and for his Liberty having endured a long Imprisonment in the Tower for the space of three years undertook an Employment for the Parliament in Ireland The Forces shipped from Chester were neer two thousand accompanied with three Commissioners from the Parliament to the Marquess who having offered Dublin upon some Terms which they were to present to his Majesty for him to signe upon non-performance thereof on their part by keeping the Paper from
Parliaments accounts for the vast sums received and in other things where the Kingdom hath been abused That after Delinquents have passed their Compositions an Act of Oblivion may be passed Then they proceed to a Charge against ELEVEN Members which being read to them they stood up and made defence Their names were as followeth Denzil Hollis Sir Philip Stapleton Sir William Lewis Sir Iohn Clotworthy Sir William Walter Sir Iohn Maynard Colonel Massey Mr. Glyn Colonel Long Colonel Edward Harley Anthony Nichols Esquire all of them active men for Presbytery and obnoxious to their future undertakings and therefore by all means to be removed This was sent up by Colonel Scroop Okey Hewson and Pride Lieutenant-Colonel Goff Major Desborough Colonel Berry Clark Carter Rolph Saxby to which Charge a Paper was added wherein they set forth That in pursuance of these Representations they have the heads of the Charge ready and shall appoint fit persons on their and the Kingdoms behalf to make it good That if the Parliament shall admit this Charge that the persons impeached may be forthwith suspended from fitting in the House having appeared notoriously to the prejudice and provocation of the Army That another Months pay be sent down That if those who deserted the Army and have engaged for Ireland have received more that the Army be equally paid and that such have no more pay till the Army are paid their Arrears That because of secret practices and designes to raise new Forces and to bring back to London those ordered for Ireland That no Forces be raised or invited back or other Forrein preparations to interrupt the Liberty and Peace of the Kingdom That all this be speedily performed the condition of the Army the Kingdom and the King mark the order so requiring This concerning no raising of Forces c. was agreed to but to the suspension of the Eleven Members the Parliament demur and answer That by law no judgment can be given to suspend those Members before the particulars of their Charge be produced and proofs made Nor have those Members said or done any thing for which the House can suspend them Nevertheless not to enrage them the Members forbore of themselves whereupon the Army drew off to Berkamstead twenty seven miles distant and so to Vxbridge having marched the King from Royston to Hatfield and so to Causam neer Reading To this Answer of the Parliament the Army returned That by the Laws and the precedent case of the Earl of Strafford and the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury observe how that blood is thrown or flyes in â—he faces of the Parliament and the Lord keeper Finch who upon Papers of accusation were suspended sitting they might not be permitted likewise but are contented as yet because they of themselves have forborn the House From Vxbridge the Army marched to Wickham in complyance with the desires of the Parliament See here the Villanous Artifices of this Independent faction to so neer an imitation of Machiavel that they were neither discoverable nor resistible cheating and overpowring the King the Parliament the City nay the whole Kingdom at once for while all men stood at gaze what would be the event they had so obliged opportunity by their diligent attendance on her that they were already in fruition of it for remarkable is that speech of Cromwel who upon notice given him that Ioyce had the Kings person in his possession replyed Then I have the Parliament in my pocket making sure of his full attainment of all his ambitious purposes by this auspicious entrance and beginning of them For he dared now to shew his teeth and manifest that quarrel with the Presbyterians which had festred inwardly so long and by widening the rupture give vent to that filthy matter enclosed betwixt them All which cannot better be laid open than the excellent Pen of the King hath done it in this ensuing Meditation thereupon WHat part God will have me now to act or suffer in this new and strange Scene of affairs I am not much sollicitous some little practice will serve that man who onely seeks to present a part of honesty and honour This surprize of me tells the World That a KING cannot be so low but he is considerable adding weight to that Party where he appears This motion like others of the times seems excentrick and irregular yet not well to be resisted or quieted Better swim down such a stream than in vain to strive against it These are but the struglings of those Twins which lately one womb enclosed the younger striving to prevail against the elder what the Presbyterians have hunted after the Independents now seek to catch for themselves So impossible is it for Lines to be drawn from the Center and not to divide from each other so much the wider by how much they go farther from the point of union That the builders of Babel should from division fall to confusion is no wonder but for those that pretend to build Jerusalem to divide their tongues and hands is but an ill omen and sounds too like the fury of those Zealots whose intestine bitterness and divisions were the greatest occasion of the last fatal destruction of that City Well may I change my Keepers and Prison but not my captive condition onely with this hope of bettering that those who are so much professed Patrons for the Peoples Liberties cannot be utterly against the Liberty of their King what they demand for their own Consciences they cannot in reason deny to mine In this they seem more ingenuous than the Presbyterian Rigour who sometimes complaining of exacting their Conformity to Laws are become the greatest Exactors of other mens submission to their novel Injunctions before they are stamped with the Authority of Laws which they cannot well have without my consent 'T is a great Argument that the Independents think themselves manumitted from their Rivals service in that they carry on a business of such consequence as the assuming my person into the Armies custody without any Commission but that of their own will and power Such as will thus adventure on a King must not be thought over-modest or timorous to carry on any designe they have a mind to Their next motion menaces and scares both the two Houses and the City which soon after acting over again that former part of tumultuary motions never questioned punished or repented must now suffer for both and see their former sin in the glass of the present terrours and distractions No man is so blinde as not to see herein the hand of Divine Iustice they that by Tumults first occasioned the raising of Armies must now be chastened by their own Army for new Tumults So hardly can men be content with one sin but add sin to sin till the latter punish the former Such as were content to see me and many Members of both Houses driven away by the first unsuppressed Tumults are now forced to flie to an
Army to defend themselves against them But who can unfold the Riddle of some mens justice the Members of both Houses who at first withdrew as my self was forced to do from the rudeness of the Tumults were counted desertours and outed of their places in Parliament Such as stayed then and enjoyed the benefit of the Tumults were all asserted for the onely Parliament-men now the flyers from and forsakers of their places carry the Parliamentary Power along with them complain highly against the Tumults and vindicate themselves by an Army such as remained and kept their stations are looked upon as Abettours of Tumultuary insolencies and Betrayers of the freedom and Honour of Parliament They will find that Brethren in iniquity are not far from becoming insolent Enemies there being nothing harder than to keep ill men long in one minde c. The King as before desired the free enjoyment of what company exceptionless he should need wherein in part he had been gratified though to avoid offence the Duke of Richmond had withdrawn himself he thought fit therefore by a more equitable request to desire the company of his Children which the Parliament had denied which the General civilly undertook in this Letter MASTER SPEAKER I Was sent unto by the King on Fryday last to desire the Parliament to give him way to see his Children and that they might for that purpose be sent unto him If I may be bold humbly to offer my opinion I think the allowance of such a thing may be without the least prejudice to the Kingdom and yâ—t gain more upon his Majesty than by denying it And if it be in the Prayers of every good man that his heart may be gained the performance of such Civilities to him is very suitable to those desires and will bear well with all men who if they can imaginâ— it their own case cannot but bâ— sorry if his Majesties natural affection in so small a thing shall not be complied with I engaging for their return within what time the Parliament shall limit Denies occasion being taken hereby by some any underhand contract or bargain with the King and assures them of their Fidelity to them and the Kingdom nothing being so likely to settle an agreement and peace as an accord betwixt them and the Army which they shall study to preserve What is done in reference to a just consideration and settlement of the Kings Rights he first giving his Concurrence to secure the Rights of the Kingdom is declared in our Remonstrance since which several Addresses have been made to him by several Officers to clear the intentions of such Papers as the Representation and Remonstrance whereunto his Majesty might make any question but no bargain of advantage for our selves having thereby utterly disclaimed any such thing But the onely intent and effect of those Addresses hath been to desire his Majesties free Concurrence with the Parliament for establishing and securing the Common Rights and Liberties c. and to assure him that being done that it is fully agreeable to their principles and that they should be desirous that in such setling of the publike the Rights of his Majesties Royal Family should be also provided for And that as we had declared so in general if things came to a settlement we should not be wanting in our Sphere to own that general desire in any particulars of Natural or Civil Rights to his Majesties Person or Family which might not endanger the publike And in the mean time that his Majesty shall finde all personal respects and civilities and all reasonable freedom from us that might stand with safety c. And fâ—r that particular of the Duke of Richmond and his two Chaplains Doctor Hammond and Doctor Shelden lately admitted to attend his Majesty it was not done without much reluctancie because we doubted we might therein be misunderstood by the Kingdoms best friends But upon his Majesties continual importunity we did allow him such Company of persons least dangerous such as we hoped would not do ill offices and in whom his former acquaintance might cause him to take pleasure being both reasonable and just and the debarring of that liberty especially of his Chaplains would but make him the more prejudiced against their Ministers In general we humbly conceive that to avoid all harshness and afford all kinde usage to his Majesties Person in things consisting with the peace and safety c. is the most Christian honourable and most prudent way and we think that tender moderate and equitable dealing both towards his Majesty his Royal Family and late Party so far again as may stand with the safety c. is the most hopeful course to take away the seeds of War future feuds amongst us for Posterity and to procure a lasting Peace and settle Religion c. And if God shall make us instrumental thereto we shall thenceforth account it our greatest happiness and honour if God see it good to be disengaged from any publike employment whatsoever This in the name of the Army or at least most considerable part thereof In this Letter he likewise enclosed another from the King to the Duke of York wherein he ordered him to ask leave of the two Houses for Him his Brother and Sister to come and see Him if but for a Dinner-time acquainting him that if the Parliament should make any scruple for fear lest the Army should dâ—â—ain them also that he had assurance from the General and other principal Officers such cautâ—â—â— was then necessarily used for they did what they pleased without the General that they should freely return according to the time limited to â—â—eir Govâ—rnour the Earl of Northumberland who then kept them by a small allâ—â—vanc out of his Majesties Revenue at his Mannor of St. Iames. Dâ— the mediaâ—â—â—ns oâ— the General who could do more with a 〈◊〉 than the King by a Proclamation he had the pleasure or rather favour done him to see them at Maidenhâ—ad where they dined with their Father and thence went with him to Causam â— house of my Lord Cravens where for two days they were dispensed with in his company and â—hen remitted to their former tuition and cusâ—â—dy He was visitâ—â— also 〈…〉 while before by his Nephew the Prince Elector Palatine eldest Brother to the Princes Rupert and Maurice who had all along continued from his coming â—ver lâ—st in the Parliaments Quarters allowed by them a stipend of 8000 â— per annum till in 1649. after the murther of his Uncle they dismist him into Holland To digrâ—ss a little to the review of the Generals Letter but the pâ—oduct of Iretons brain who was Secretary all along to these whidling and â—â—â—lacious Paper-Kites no less than ten Salvo's or Restrictious to the â—â—â—ttlement of the King yea to curry with him setting forth a necessity of 〈…〉 his just rights and the equity of their declaring for them still not 〈◊〉 the performance of the
of those Tumultuaries before they could be quiet and were scarce returned to their seats before they had notice of the approach of the Army who in scorn of the Parliaments Commands of keeping at 30 miles distance were approached to 10 and had appointed a Rendezvouz on Hounsloe-heath This Alarm begot strange and different passions in the Citizens the wealthier sort began to flinch from those resolutions of adhering to their Engagement to save their bags nothing being more vogued among the people than that the City would be plundered as it was given out by some of the Grandees of the Army but the Militaâ—â—â—â—en and those of meaner fortunes seemed to take courage from the nearness of the danger offering to meet it and if the pusillanimity of the Court of Aldermen had not hindred Massey would have given the Army then quartering part of it on this side Braynford a salute or Camisado by that means to make Rupture wide and past the cure of a reconciliation Nevertheless the defensive part from their own concerns they undertook guarding the Works and Fortifications round the City quartering several reserves in whole Regiments in the fields more particularly those parts nearest the Army out of dread of another Wat Tyler or Iack Cade with his Rebel-rout a judgement this famous City hath been more subject to than any City in the World most of which have often suffered by their own intestine divisions but were in fine glad to seek Peace betrayed at their own doors by one Hardwick Colonel of the Southwark Regiment and who then guarded the Works on that side which were opened to Colonel Hewsin by their Commissioners Fouk Gibs and Estwick acceptable men to the Army for they durst not for fear of a dismission re infecta send others then attending the General at Hounsloe The King hears this and to avoid the Scandal of these Uproars which he in prudence did see primarily concern others though they would right or wrong be Loaded upon him emitted this Paper to clear himself from them THere having been many Rumours spread and Informations given which may have induced many to believe that We intend to make War against Our Parliament We profess before God and declare to all the World That We always have and do abhor all such designes and desire all our Nobility and Commoners who are here upon the place to declare whether they have not been witnesses of as frequent and earnest Declarations and Professions to this purpose whether they see any colour of prâ—parations and Counsels that might reasonably beget a belief of any such designe and whether they be not fully perswaded that We have no such intention but that all Our endeavours according to Our many Professions tend to the firm and constant Settlement of the true Protestant Religion the just Priviledges of Parliament the Liberty of the Subject the Law Peace and Prosperity of this Kingdom This even course of the Kings and constancy to himself so well known to the Army made them speak less to the Kings prejudice in the altercation about the priviledges of Parliament of which they now forsooth were the main assertors so that the King as he got nothing lost as little by this brangle between both Parties neither of them having whereon to fasten any cavil on the King in this matter who without medling with their differences further than his own private descants upon them awaited the Issue of Divine Providence The Army therefore the better to proceed and countenance their Rebellion His Majesty and Parliament being made a meer Cypher invite and engage the two Speakers and Fugitive Members to sit in consultation and pass Votes promiscuously with the Council of War in the nature of a Parliament and to Signe an Engagement dated the 4 of August to live and dye with Sir Thomas Fairfax and the Parliament and Army both under his Command affirming therein that generally throughout their sense agrees with the Declaration of Sir Thomas Fairfax and his Council of War which shewed the grounds of their present advance towards the City of London In this Declaration the Council of the Army took upon them also to be the Supream Judges of the Parliament discriminating whom of the two Houses they held for persons in whom the publike trust of the King remained and by whose advice they meant to govern themselves in managing the weighty affairs of the Kingdom They highly resent the late choice of a new Speaker by those Gentlemâ—n at Westminster and say that as things now stand there is no free nor legal Parliament sitting such being through the violence of the 26 of Iuly suspended That the Orders and Votes c. passed the 29 of Iuly last and all such as shall pass in this Assembly of Lords and Gentlemen at Westminster are void and null and ought not to be submitted unto This Remonstrance was the second to a Letter to the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen upbraiding them with the late Tumult as Enemies to the Peace of the Kingdom Treacherous to the Parliament and uitable to secure that or themselves and therefore demanding the City to be put into their hands to which purpose they were then on their way And to brave the City to a surrender their General sends out Warrants to raise the Trained-Bands of the near Counties to march with him against the City and both Houses although such Bands were not under pay of the Parliament and so not under any Command of the General by any Order or Ordinance But armed violence was not to be stopt with Lawyers niceties A Bumkin in a Leather-doublet must be a Red-coat by the same rule that Foxes have Horns This brought the City to the expected submission by which they obtained and thank you too these most dishonourable Conditions That they should yield to desert the Impeached Members call in their Declaration newly published relinquish their Militia deliver up all their Forts and Line of Communication to the Army together with the Tower of London which they had so clamorously and impudently extorted out of the Kings disposal and all the Magazines and Arms therein disband all their Forces and turn all the Reformadoes out of the Line withdraw ail their guards from the Parliament and receive such guards of Horse and Foot within the Line as the Army should appoint to guard them demolish their Works and suffer the whole Army to maâ—ch through their City all which were suddenly and dishonourably yielded to and insolently executed the Souldiers marching in Triumph with Bays in their Hats through all the principal streets of the City boasting of their civil march as a great courtesy when there was men enough if they had offered to Plunder to have â—aten them This envious disdainful Triumph being over the next work was to reseat the Fugitive Members whom the General himself brought to both Houses with a strong party the two Palaces filled with
having worried one another in this despiteful manner they fly as freely as if there had been no such quarrel His Majesty after several removes by direction of the Council of Officers was brought to Hampton-Court whither on the 7 of September the Houses having hammered out the same substance of the former Propositions into a new but stranger shape sent Commissioners to whom were joyned some Scots in the like quality from that Kingdom The names of both were as followeth the Earls of Pembroke and Lauderdale Sir Iohn Holland Sir Charles Erskin Sir Iohn Cook Sir Iames Harrington Major-General Brown Mr. Hugh Kenedy and Mr. Robert Berkley The preface to which Propositions omitting themselves as recited before was this May it please your Majesty We the Lords and Commons Assembled in the Parliament of England in the name and in the behalf of the Kingdoms of England and Ireland and the Commissioners of the Parliament of Scotland c. Do humbly present unto your Majesty the humble Desires and Propositions for a safe and well-grounded Peace agreed upon by the Parliaments of both Kingdoms respectively unto which we pray your Majesties Assent and that they and all such Bills as shall be tendred to your Majesty in pursuance of them or of any of them may be Established and Enacted for Statutes and Acts of Parliament by your Majesties Royal Assent in the Parliaments of both Kingdoms respectively And never a good word after To these his Majesty being accustomed to the unreasonableness of the men in two days returns this Answer For the SPEAKER of the House of Lords c. C. R. HIs Majesty cannot chuse but be passionately sensible as he believes all his good Subjects are of the late great distractions and still languishing and unsetled state of this Kingdom And he calls God to witness and is willing to give Testimony to all the World of his readiness to contribute his utmost endeavours for restoring it to a happy and flourishing condition His Majesty having perused the Propositions now brought to him finds them the same in effect which were offered to him at Newcastle To some of which as he could not then consent without violation of his Honour and Conscience so neither can he agree to others now concerning them in many respects more disagreeable to the present condition of his Majesty than when they were formerly presented to him as being destructive to the main principal interests of the Army and of all those whose affections concur with them And his Majesty having seen the Proposals of the Army to the Commiâ—sioners from his two Houses residing with them therewith then to be Treated on in order to the clearing and securing the Rights and Liberties of the Kingdom and the settling of a just and lasting Peace to which Proposals as he conceives his two Houses are not strangers so he believes they will think with him that they much more conduce to the satisfaction of all interests and may be a fitter Foundation for a lasting Peace than the Propositions which at this time are tendered unto him He therefore Propounds as the best way in his judgement in order to Peace that his two Houses would instantly take into consideration those Proposals upon which there may be a personal Treaty with his Majesty and upon such other Propositions as his Majesty shall make hoping that the said Proposals may be so moderated in the said Treaty as to render them the more capable of his Majesties fuâ—l Concession wherein he resolves to give full satisfaction unto his People for whatsoever shall concern the settling of the Protestant Profession with Liberty to tender Consciences and the securing of the Laws Liberties and Properties of all his Subjects and the just Priviledges of Parliament for the future And likewise by his present Deportment in this Treaty He will make the world clearly judge of his intentions in matter of future Government In which Treaty his Majesty will be well pleased if it be thought â—it that Commissioners from the Army whose the Proposals are may likewise be admitted His Majesty therefore conjures his two Houses of Parliament by the Duty they owe to God and his Majesty their King and by the Bowels of compassion they have to their fellow-Subjects both for the relief of their present sufferings and to prevent future miseries That they will forthwith accept of this his Majesties offer that hereby the joyful news of Peace may be restered to this distressed Kingdom And for what concerns the Kingdom of Scotland mentioned in the Propositions his Majesty will very willingly Treat upon those particulars with the Scotch Commissioners and doubts not but to give reasonable satisfaction to that his Kingdom The Kings hâ—rping upon those Proposals of the Army acknowledging a greater equity and just mensuration and comprehensiveness of them and that they did much more conduce to the satisfaction of all interests and were a fitter foundation for a lasting Peace than the Propositions seemed very pleasing to Cromwel who complemented the King with the Armies glad sense of his preferring their ways and method to Peace before the Parliament's which would no doubt credit them likewise to the People not sticking to upbraid the Members with their disloyal and peevish carriage toward the King and yet secretly He enraged the Vulgar against him The Traytor yet knew that the King did but shew them Art for Art for that it was impossible to produce any thing out of that Chaos of their Proposals without a Divine Fiat which being made to serve onely as a temporary shift a bone of contention could not beyond the purpose of the Contrivers be durable it will be requisite therefore to take a short view of them that posterity may see what curious Legislators these Souldiers were and how well capacitated for Government Bless us from the Goblin this idaea of STRATOCRACY The first principle is the dissolution of the Parliament a preposterous beginning where Nature ends but yet not intended by them till they had served their own ends lust and ambition from whence these structures 1. That there be Biennial Parliaments and at more certainty than these 2. Each Biennial Parliament to sit 120 days certain afterwards adjournable or dissolvable by the King 3. This Biennial Parliament to appoint Committees to continue during the interval for such purposes afore mentioned in the Proposals 4. That the King upon the advice of the Council of State in the Intervals call a Parliament extraordinary with limitation of meeting and dissolving that the course of the Biennial one may never be interrupted 5. That a better rule of proportion may be observed in Electing all Counâ—ies to have a number of Parliament-Members competent to their charges as they are rated to the publike that no poor Boroughs have any more Elections and that an addition of Members may be allowed great Counties that have now less than their due proportion and that effectual provision
The conclusion of them was to tye the hands of the Militia of the Trained-Bands by regulating the Commissioners and Officers from their former Arbitrariness that so the Souldiers might be under no Command and unable to offend them To which was subjoyned a demand of their Arrears to the utmost penny and the publike Faith to be satisfied and relieved And then they have more particulars to offer if any body that knew their jugling should take them now at their word which they would rather eat their Swords than perform Signed by the appointment of his Excellency Sir Tho. Fairfax and the Council of War Ioh. Rushworth Secretary This Hodgpodg or Alchoran containing Jewish Turkish and some Christian sentences some of the Parliaments and some of their own and some of the Kings Condescentions too were far more tolerable than those Heathenish and Pagan Institutes of the Parliaments sent to the King in the name of Propositions which He having declined did hope to effect his and his Kingdoms Peace and restitution at easier terms from the Army and therefore was instant with Cromwel and other Grandees of the Army who were evermore at his Elbow to appoint Commissioners to Treat with him of those Proposals His Majesty not doubting but so to temper them as to come to a right understanding which if it should happen it would be the Glory and Honour of the Army that they had laid such a platform and expedient for the good quiet Peace and happiness of their King and Country But Cromwel began to turn a deaf ear to those Charms to â—alter in his Addresses to the King to be full of uncertainties and scruples and at last to tell his Majesty that He did not rightly understand them and so interpret their words otherwise than they were spoken and that they had forgotten they had promised him any such things He excused himself at another time for not performing of their Engagements from a reverence to the Parliament whom as yet they durst not so openly oppose as to take up his Quarrel And lastly as the main artifice he acquaints Him with the boldness and malice of the Agitators and Levellers who Conspired his Murthâ—r and that for the present he could not mitigate their violent and wicked Counsels but when the Discipline of the Army should be recovered he would make good what he had undertook to perform And so from time to time courted the King till the Plot which he might well forespeak was ready for execution of which by and by The King was kept at Hampton-Court in very great State as usually in times of Peace his Chaplains and Friends about him all people permitted to see him Liberty of Hunting with the Duke of Richmond and others of the Loyal Nobility allowed him together so that great was the concourse thither and most men that judged by the outside and fine appearance of things concluded all things would do well and that the Army would prove honest and Loyal Others contrarily thought that the Army had some designe in this pompous and open Treatment of the King who thereby imagining himself in his Regality and proper Orb would keep and maintain the greater distance from the bold approaches of the Parliament upon his Soveraignty as all men in prosperity are naturally more elated more jealous of affronts and less ductile than in an adverse condition These came nearest the Mark and yet the Kings constancy to himself not disputed nothing being able to make him recede from those his two great principles of Honour and Conscience which yet may admit of a magis and minus in the accidental and circumstantial defence of them sometimes more magnanimously and sometimes more warily This concourse to the King which shewed the love the people especially the Citizens of London bare him began to be no way pleasing to the Faction less to Cromwel and his party who feared a surprize of his person out of his hands to London and then his designes and wits were at an end He resolved therefore speedily to be rid of that fear and though he had deliberated whether it were more conducing to his purpose to assassinate the King there and invade the Government by a sudden and impetuous violence when all men should have been in a consternation at the atrocity of the Fact and would save all those tedious arts to be practised in a solemn way of Regicide yet more slower Counsels prevailed the image and fright of Death should serve turn at present To this purpose Colonel Whaley is ordered to tell the King that the Adjutators were grown to that height of violence as that they had combined to Murther Him and therefore as his duty was besides his particular affection for his Majesty he could not but acquaint him desiring him to consult for his own Safety it being also as he said the advice of the chief of the Army who were loath he should be Murdered while they helplesly looked on The designe of this parricide had purposely been muttered up and down the Court and so came to the ear of the Kings Friends by whom he was near the same time acquainted with it The King therefore called to him Sir Iohn Berkley and Mr. Iohn Ashburnham then attending him and advised with them concerning his Escape where between them they unfortunately and upon deceitful grounds concluded to fly to the Isle of Wight the Government whereof was newly confâ—rred upon Colonel Hammond Brother to that Reverend Doctor Henry Hamond the Kings beloved Chaplain whom the crafty Traytor did forecast the King in such a perplexity would chuse to trust from that Relation Horses being therefore laid ready on the other side of the Water the King leaves his Chamber November the 11. in a very dark and tempestuous night with his Cloak spread in the floor thereof and by the back-stayrs descends to the Vault and so ever the Thames to his Company who were the same of his Counsel and by Farnham after much tedious straying in the night out of the way in that bad weather came to the Sea-side neer Southampton where missing of a passage the Boat â—ailing the prefixed time he was conveyed to the Countess Dowager of Southampton at Tedworth where he lay that night while Sir Iohn Berkley and Colonel Ashburnham passed over to the Isle of Wight to the said Governour concerning the entertainment of him where we rest this relation and return to Hampton-Court About 9 a clock at night the King was missed but no doubt to the little wonder less trouble of his Guardians for the Centries had been on purpose drawn off to give him free passage and it had been discoursed in the Army some while before that He would ere long be in the Isle of Wight No more ado therefore was made of it but onely a Letter with a bare account of his flight sent to the Parliament and the watchful Guard remanded to the body of the
declaring that what they had done therein was out of a desire of the Peace of the Kingdom whereas the meaning was that their safety and protection was obliged partly to that unwitting service they had done the Faction who were honourably pleased to shield those who had skreened them from the odium of that unfortunate and pernicious Escape and partly to the King who interposed himself in the matter declaring If those Gentlemen were taken and punished as evil doers for Counseling Him not to go out of the Kingdom but rather to come to the place where he now is for the ends aforesaid and for their endeavours in attending Him thither He cannot but expect to be dealt with accordingly His Case being the same The next consideration of this affair by the Parliament was a result of five Votes which forbad any Cavaliers or Papists to be admitted in the Island and left the guard of his Person and the nomination of Officers to attend Him to the General and allowed 5000 l. for the expences of his Court the last of which Hamond quarrelled at as an incompetent pittance but it 's questionable whether he meant not for himself and no doubt he was better paid for his service He also required more aid that forsooth he might be as good as his word in keeping the King in security and out of danger who having passed Per varios casus per tot discrimina rerum ad Latium tendit so many perils and discouragements gave not yet over his endeavours after Peace but with a just resolution of not being denied this time when he now granted almost the whole controversie He wooes them in this Message from His Prison at Carisbrook where He had only the liberty of the Walls under a Guard It indeed comprehends and clears all the differences between the King and Parliament CHARLES REX HIs Majesty is confident that before this time His two Houses of Parliament have received the Message which he left behinde Him at Hampton-Court the 11th of November by which they will have understood the reasons which enforced Him to go from thence as likewise his constant endeavours for the settling of a safe and well-grounded Peace wheresoever he should be And being now in a place where he conceives himself to be at much more freedom and security than formerly He thinks it necessary not only for making good his own Professions but also for the speedy procuring of a Peace in these languishing and distressed Kingdoms at this time to offer such grounds to His two Houses for that effect which upon due examination of all Interests may best conduce thereunto And because Religion is the best and chiefest Foundation of Peace His Majesty will begin with that particular That for the abolishing Arch-bishops Bishops c. His Majesty clearly professeth that he cannot give his consent thereunto both in relation as he is a Christian and a King For the first he avows that he is satisfied in his judgment that this Order was placed in the Church by the Apostles themselves and ever since that time hath continued in all Christian Churches throughout the World until this last Century of years and in this Church in all times of Change and Reformation it hath been upheld by the wisdom of His Ancestors as the great preserver of Doctrine Discipline and Order in the Service of God As a King at his Coronation He hath not onely taken a Solemn Oath to maintain this Order but His Majesty and His Predecessors in their Confirmation of the Great Charter have inseparably woven the Rights of the Church into the Liberties of the rest of their Subjects And yet he is willing it be provided that the particular Bishops perform the several Duties of their Callings both by their Personal residence and frequent Preaching in their Dioceses as also that they Exercise no Act of Iurisdiction or Ordination without the consent of their Presbyters and will consent that their Powers in all things be so Limited that they be not grievous to Tender Consciences Wherefore since His Majesty is willing to give ease to the Consciences of others He sees no reason why he alone and those of his Iudgement should be pressed to a Violation of theirs Nor can His Majesty Consent to the Alienation of Church-Lands because it cannot be denied to be a sin of the Highest Sacriledge as also that it subverts the intentions of so many Pious Donors who have laid a heavy Curse upon all such prophane Violations which His Majesty is very unwilling to undergo And besides the matter of Conscience His Majesty believes it to be a prejudice to the Publike Good many of His Subjects having the benefit of renewing Leases at much easier rates than if those Possessions were in the hands of Private men Not omitting the discouragement which it will be to all Learning and Industry when such eminent rewards shall be taken away which now lye open to the Children of the meanest persons Yet His Majesty considering the present great distempers concerning Church-Discipline and that the Presbyterian Government is now in practice His Majesty to eschew Confusion as much as may be and for the satisfaction of His two Houses is content that the said Government be Legally permitted to stand in the same condition it now is for three years provided that His Majesty and those of his Iudgement or any other who cannot in Conscience submit thereunto be not obliged to comply with the Presbyterian Government but have free Practice of their own Profession without receiving any prejudice thereby and that a free Consultation and Debate be had with the Divines at Westminster twenty of his Majesties nomination being added unto them whereby it may be determined by his Majesty and the two Houses how the Church-Government after the said time shall be setled or sooner if differences be agreed as is most agreeable to the Word of God with full Liberty to all those who shall differ upon Conscientious Grounds from that Settlement Always provided that nothing aforesaid may be understood to tolerate those of the Popish Profession nor the exempting of any Popish Recusant from the penalties of the Laws or to tolerate the publike profession of Atheism or Blasphemy contrary to the Doctrine of the Apostles Nicene and Athanasian Creeds they having been received by and had in reverence of all the Christian Churches and more particularly by us of England ever since the Reformation Next the Militia being that right which is inseparably and undoubtedly Inherent in the Crown by the Laws of this Nation and that which former Parliaments as likewise this hath acknowledged to be so His Majesty cannot so much wrong that Trust which the Laws of God and the Land hath annexed to the Crown for the protection and security of his people as to Devest himself and His Successors of the Power of the Sword Yet to give an infallible evidence of His desire to secure the
performance of such Agreements as shall be made in order to Peace his Majesty will consent to an Act of Parliament that the whole Power of the Militia both by Land and Sea for and during his whole Raign shall be ordered and disposed by his two Houses of Parliament or by such persons as they shall appoint with Powers limited for suppressing of Forces within this Kingdom to the disturbance of the Publike Peace and against Forain Invasion and that they shall have Power during his said Raign to raise money for the present purposes aforesaid and that neither his Majesty that now is or any other by his Authority derived onely from him shall execute any of the said Powers during his Majesties said Raign but such as shall act by the consent and approbation of the two Houses of Parliament Nevertheless His Majesty intends that all Patents Commissions and other Acts concerning the Militia be made and acted as formerly and that after His Majesties Raign all the Power of the Militia shall return entirely to the Crown as it was in the times of Queen Elizabeth and King Iames of Blessed Memory After this head of the Militia the consideration of the Arrears due to the Army is not improper to follow for the payment whereof and the ease of his people His Majesty is willing to concur in any thing that can be done without the violation of His Conscience and Honour Wherefore if His two Houses shall consent to remit unto Him such benefit out of Sequestrations from Michaelmas last and out of Compositions that shall be made before the concluding of the Peace and the Arrears of such as have been already made the assistance of the Clergy and the Arrears of such Rents of His own Revenue as His two Houses shall not have received before the concluding of the Peace His Majesty will undertake within the space of eighteen months the payment of 400000 l. for the satisfaction of the Army And if those means shall not be sufficient His Majesty intends to give way to the sale of Forrest-Lands for that purpose this being the publike debt which in His Majesties judgment is first to be satisfied And for other publike debts already contracted upon Church-Lands or any other Engagements His Majesty will give His consent to such Act or Acts for raising of moneys for payment thereof as both Houses shall hereafter agree upon so as they be equally laid whereby His People already too heavily burthened by these late distempers may have no more pressures upon them than this absolute necessity requires And for the further securing all Fears His Majesty will consent that an Act of Parliament be Passed for the disposing of the great Offices of State and naming of Privy Counsellours for the whole term of his Raign by the two Houses of Parliament their Patents and Commissions being taken from His Majesty and after to return to the Crown as is exprest in the Article of the Militia For the Court of Wards and Liveries His Majesty very well knows the consequence of taking that away by turning of all Tenures into common Soccage as well in point of Revenue to the Crown as in the protection of many of His Subjects being Infants Nevertheless if the continuance thereof seem grievous to His Subjects rather than he will fail on His part in giving satisfaction He will consent to an Act for taking of it away so as a full recompence be settled upon his Majesty and His Successors in perpetuity and that the Arrears now dâ—â— be reserved unto Him towards the payment of the Arrears of the Army And that the memory of these late distractions may be wholly wiped away His Majesty will consent to an Act of Parliament for the Suppressing and making Null Oaths Declarations and Proclamations against both or either House of Parliament and of all Indictments and other Proceedings against any persons for adhering unto them And His Mâ—jesty proposeth as the best expedient to take away all seeds of future differences that there be an Act of Oblivion to extend to all His Subjects As for Ireland the Cessation there is long since determined but for the future all other things being fully agreed His Majesty will give full satisfaction to His Houses concerning that Kingdom And although His Majesty cannot consent in Honour and Iustice to avoid all His own Acts and Grants past under His Great Seal since the 22 of May 1642. or to the confirming all the Acts and Grants passed under that made by the two Houses yet His Majesty is confident that upon perusal of particulars He shall give full satisfaction to His two Houses to what may be reasonably desired in that particular And now his Majesty conceives that by these his Offers which he is ready to make good upon the settlement of a Peace he hath clearly manifested his intentions to give full security and satisfaction to all Interests for what can justly be desired in order to the future happiness of his people And for the perfecting of these Concessions as also for such other things as may be proposed by the two Houses and for such just and reasonable demands as his Majesty shall finde necessary to propose on his part he earnestly desireth a Personal Treaty at London with his two Houses in Honour Freedom and safety it being in his Iudgment the most proper and indeed only means to a firm and settled Peace and impossible without it to reconcile former or to avoid future misunderstandings All these things being by Treaty perfected his Majesty believes his two Houses will think it reasonable that the Proposals of the Army concerning the Succession of Parliaments and their due Election should be taken into consideration As for what concerns the Kingdom of Scotland his Majesty will very readily apply himself to give all reasonable satisfaction when the desires of the two Houses of Parliament on their behalf or of the Commissioners of that Kingdom or of both joyned together shall be made known unto him This Answer was full and apportioned to all interests and shewed the incomparable prudence as well as invincible constancy of the King at which the Parliament shewed themselves much offended and communicated this their displeasure to the Scots Commissioners who participated seemingly with them therein but made no Reply to the King their custom being to set other Pens on work to discant upon them and pick out some jealous Observations to keep the people still to their party by bold assertions of His Majesties prevaâ—ications and injustices in all his Papers and Messages to the Parliament some of them writ meanly scurrilously and impudently among the rest a most execrable and blasphemous Paper called a Hue and Cry after the King upon his flight from Hampton by one Needham that writ afterward the News-Book for them in others more modestly and politely with a fine but false edge which yet served to wound His Majesties Reputation
and to carve to the Grandees the spoils of the Kingdom which were to be secured by these misunderstandings But against these Writers there appeared a Champion of Loyalty Judge Ienkins who out of the Parliaments Wrath with the Earl of Cleveland Sir Lewis Dives Sir Iohn Stawel and others Royalists was Committed to the Tower and being brought to the Chancery-Bar refused to own the Court and the Authority thereof and so was remanded in Order to a Tryal at the Kings-Bench where in the meâ—n while he fully Answered all those Cavils against the King by Reason Law and from the Parliaments own words and Declarations ridling their nice time-serving distinction of the Kings Person and Authority his Politick and Natural Capacity to be a meer Fiction never heard of before and that their as bold assumption of the Kings Vertual presence in the two Houses was also and alike Treasonable as he cited in the Case of the two Spencers in the 7 of Edward the 2. from their own Oracle Sir Edward Coke in the 7 part of his Reports fol. 11. He then runs over the whole Case and state of the Question and Dispute betwixt the Royalists and Parliamentarians which being published incredible it is how greedily they were bought up and how many honest people undeceived so that His Majesties Cause was every where under the nose of the Faction well spoken of We will for the honour of that Noble person give this short and summary account of it as a Sea-mark to Posterity First The Royalists have aided the King in this War contrary to the Parliaments Negative Oath and Votes warranted by the Statute of 25 Ed. 2. ch 2. They have maintained the Commission of Array by the Kings Command against their Votes by the Statute of the 5 Hen. 4.3 They have maintained Arch-bishops Bishops c. from Magna Charta and many other Statutes 4. They have maintained the Book of Common prayer warranted by five Acts of Parliament in Edw. 6. Queen Eliz. for Libels against which and Church-Government some have been Executed 5. They maintained the Militia of the Kingdom to belong to the King from the Statute of the 7 Edw. 1. and many Statutes since 6. They maintained the Counterfeiting of the Kings Great Seal to be High Treason as likewise the usurpation of the Kings Forts Ports and Shipping c. from the said Statute of 25 Ed. 3. and divers others since and the practice of all times 7. They maintain that the King is the only Supreme Governour in all Cases the Parliament that his Majestie is to be governed by them The former's warrant is the Statute of Queen Eliz. c. 8. They maintain that the King is King by an inherent Birth-right by Nature by Gods Law and by the law of the Land These say that his Kingly Right is an Office upon Trust. Their warrant is the Statute of the 1 of King James and the 5 of Queen Eliz. 9. They maintain that the politick capacity is not to be severed from the natural vide Coke as before their Oracle who hath declared to posterity that it is Damnable Detestable and Execrable Treason 10. They maintain that who aids the King at home or abroad ought not to be molested or questioned for the same These practice the contrary Their warrant is the Statute of 11 Hen. 7. 11. They maintain that the King hath power to disassent to any Bill agreed by the two Houses which these deny Their warrant is the Statute of 2 Hen. 5. the practice of all times the 1 Car. ch 7. and 1 Jam. ch 1. 12. They maintain that Parliaments ought to be holden in grave and peaceable manner without Tumults These abet and keep guards of armed men to wait upon them Their warrant is the Statute of 7 Edw. 2. 13. They maintain that there is no State within this Kingdom but the Kings Majesty and that to adhere to any other State within this Kingdom is High Treason Their warrant is the 3 of King Jam. and 23 Eliz. 14. They maintain that to levy a War to remove Counsellours to alter Religion or any Law established is High Treason These hold to the contrary Their warrant is the resolution of the Iudges Queen Elizabeth and Sir Edward Coke 15. They maintain that no man should be imprisoned put out of his lands but by due Course of Law and that no man ought to be adjudged to Death but by the Law established These have practised the contrary in London Bristol and Kent Their warrant is Magna Charta ch 29. The Petition of Right 3 Car. and divers others 16. They believe what the Laws say that the King can do no wrong that He is Gods Lieutenant and not able to do an unjust thing These charge Him with the spoil and blood of His Subjects which false imputation was like the rest of their actions contrary to all Law Reason Christianity or Humanity This eye-salve made the wilfully blinde more peevish and fuller of smart and anguish so that they were resolved to have hanged him but he had so hedged up their way to it by upbraiding them with their former Illegal and Tyrannical Cruelty that they only kept him in a strict duress which was enlarged by degrees till the time of Restitution 1660 when he was in health and at perfect freedom He was a great stickler likewise in the Feud betwixt the Presbyterian and Independent siding with the Army and doctrinating them with the Principles of Allegiance which they pretended to and animating them against the Parliament by perswading them that all their Ordinances made for their Indemnity and Arrears were insignificant and invalid and were but so many blinds for the present and that their security and satisfaction depended wholly upon the King which designe of his in that juncture of time did operate successfully until the cause of the contention ceasing Cromwel having mastered and surmounted all the rubs to his designe the effect the ruine of both likewise failed Miserable now were the complaints from several parts of the Kingdom by reason of the burden of Free-quarter In the third year of King Charles upon the Expedition for the Isle of Rhee the Lords and Commons in their Petition of Right when not above 2 or 3000 Souldiers were thinly Quartered upon the people but for a Month or two complained thereof to his Majesty as a great grievance contrary to the Laws and Customs of the Realm and humbly prayed as their right according to the Law of the Land that he would remove it which his Majesty presently granted Yet now though the Country was ten times more oppressed no remedy could be had the Army under pretence of Lodging Fire and Candle taking all other necessaries for which if at any time they pretended to offer money yet durst none take it for fear of greater damage the spoiler being only triable by a Council of War This the Souldiers were taught likewise by their Adjutators to
Successors except by repeal of these Bills but also the making his Concessions guilty of the greatest pressures that can be made upon the Subject as in other particulars so by giving an Arbitrary and unlimited power to the two Houses for ever to raise and levy for Land and Sea-service of what persons without distinction and quality and to what numbers they please and likewise for the payment of the Arrears to levy what monies in such sort and by such ways and means and consequently upon the Estates of whatsoever persons as they shall think fit and appoint which is utterly inconsistent with the Liberty and Property of the Subject and his Majesties Trust in Protecting them so that if the major part of both Houses shall think it necessary to put the rest of the Propositions into Bills his Majesty leaves the world to judge how unsafe it would be for him to Consent thereunto and if not what a strange condition after passing those four Bills his Majesty and all his Subjects would be cast into And here his Majesty thinks it not unfit to wish his two Houses to consider well of the manner of their proceeding That when his Majesty desires a personal Treaty with them for the setling of a Peace they in answer propose the very subject matter of the most essential part thereof to be first granted a thing which will be hardly credible to posterity Wherefore his Majesty Declares That neither the desire of being freed from this tedious and irksome condition of life his Majesty hath so long suffered nor the apprehension of what shall befal him in case his two Houses shall not afford him a personal Treaty shall make him change his Resolution of not-consenting to any Act till the whole be concluded Yet then he intends not onely to give just and reasonable satisfaction in the particulars presented to him but also to make good all other Concessions mentioned in his Message of the 16 of Novemb. last which he thought would have produced better effects than what he finds in the Bills and Propositions now presented unto him And yet his Majesty cannot give over but now again earnestly presseth for a personal Treaty so passionately is he affected with the advantages which Peace will bring to his Majesty and all his Subjects of which he will not at all despair there being no other visible way to obtain a well-grounded Peace However his Majesty is very much at ease within himself for having fulfilled the Offices both of a Christian and a King and will patiently wait the good pleasure of Almighty God to incline the hearts of his two Houses to consider their King and Compassionate their fellow-Subjects Miseries Given at Carisbroke-Castle Dec. 28. On the third of Ianuary following this Answer was debated in the House of Commons And first Sir Thomas Wroth had his Cue set by the Faction to run high and to feel the pulse of the House which was uttered in this or the like Expression That Bedlam was appointed for Mad-men and Tophet for Kings That our Kings had carried themselves of late as if they were fit for no place but Bedlam That his Humble Motion should consist of three parts 1. To secure the King and keep him in some close Inland-Castle with Guards 2. To draw up Articles of Impeachment against him 3. To lay him by and settle the Kingdom without him He cared not what Form of Government they set up so it were not by Kings and Devils Then Commissary Ireton seeming to speak the sense of the Army under the notion of many Godly men who had ventured their Lives to subdue their Enemies said after this manner The King had denied Safety and Protection to his People by denying the four Bills That Subjection to him was but in lieu of his Protection to his People this being denied they might well deny any more Subjection to him and settle the Kingdom without him That it was now expected after so long patience they should shew their resolution and not desert those Valiant men who had engaged for them beyond all possibility of Retreat and would never forsake the Parliament unless the Parliament forsook them first After some more debate when the House was ready for the Question Cromwel brought up the Rear and giving an ample Character of the Valour good affections and Godliness of the Army argued That it was now expected the Parliament should Govern and Defend the Kingdom by their own power and resolutions and not teach the people any longer to expect Safety and Government from an Obstinate Man whose heart God had hardned That those men who had defended the Parliament from so many dangers with the expence of their blood would defend them herein with Fidelity and courage against all opposition Teach them not by neglecting your own and the Kingdoms safety in which their own is involved to think themselves betrayed and left hereafter to the Rage and Malice of an irreconcileable Enemy whom they have subdued for your sake and therefore are likely to finde his future Government of them insupportable and fuller of Revenge than Iustice Lest despair teach them to seek their safety by some other means then adhering to you who will not stick to your selves and how destructive such a resolution in them will be to you all I tremble to think and leave you to judge At the latter end of this contrived Speech he laid his Hand upon his Sword that Sword which by his side could not keep him from Trembling when Sir Philip Stapleton some while before baffled him in the House of Commons Now we discover these two Matchiavels avowing in a manner their ends and designes which they had hitherto cloaked by fair pretences to the King and charged upon the Adjutators And henceforward we shall see them using all manner of scelerate practises to promote their Conspiracie This bold Harangue and Menace so far availed them that the Parliament over-awed therewith after a long debate from 9 in the morning till night upon the first of the ensuing Votes the House being divided 141 Yeas to 91 Noes came to these following Resolutions the other three except the last being carried more easily They were prefaced with a short Declaration yet of twelve days deliberation dated the 15 of Ianuary in these words Die Sabbathi 15 Ianuarii 1647. The Lords and Commons Assembled in Parliament after many Addresses to his Majestie for the preventing and ending this unnatural War raised by him against his Parliament and Kingdom having lately sent four Bills to his Majestie which did contain only matter of safety and security to the Parliament and Kingdom referring the composure of all other differences to a personal Treaty with his Majestie and having received an absolute Negative Do hold themselves obliged to use their utmost endeavours speedily to settle the present Government in such a way as may bring the greatest security to this Kingdom in
the enjoyment of the Laws and Liberties thereof and in order thereunto and that the Houses may receive no delays nor interruptions in so great and necessary a work they have taken these Resolutions and passed these Votes following viz. Resolved upon the Question 1. That the Lords and Commons do declare that they will make no further Addresses or Applications to the King 2. That no Application or Address be made to the King by any person whatsoever without leave of both Houses 3. That the person or persons that shall make breach of this Order shall incur the penalties of High Treason 4. That the Lords and Commons do declare that they will receive no more any Message from the King and do-enjoyn that no person whatsoever do presume to receive or bring any Message from the King to both or either Houses of Parliament or to any other person Which Resolves by their Order were Printed and by the respective Members dispersed into the Counties to give notice of the intended severity against the Offenders But this was not all they would be thought to do this from Right Reason and therefore they second this Resolution with another Remonstrance as far beyond the other delivered at Hampton-Court for silly and ridiculous imputations as that from Duty and Truth The old stale and exploded Stories of Rochel and the Isle of Rhee Ship-money Monopolies c. for which the King had given them satisfaction being numbred again into this Charge They would fain have made use also of that Story of the Plaister applied to King Iames by the Duke of Buckingham but their subornation failing which was attempted by Sir Arthur Haselrig's Brother who produced one Smalling for that purpose who disâ—ppointed them as to the Papers he was said to have as proofs thereof it being a most notorious lye they let that falshood alone and betook themselves to more plausible yet self-guilty criminations But all these devices and fig-leaves could not hide the guilt of their actions the people every were loathing to be abused any longer with these fictions of misgovernment when they perceived what masters of misrule they had proved themselves This the Grandees found at some conferences with the City whom still they thought to have befooled and sweetned out of their money but soon saw they were mistaken The Art of perswasion had lost its power and plain force if any thing was to be used which as the case stood they durst not venture for the Town was full of rage and madness and expected but the first blow However the richer sort reserved themselves as equally slaves to the Army and Riches From this difficulty therefore they turn to a more facile undertaking hoping to delude the King whom his hard restraint could not but have softned to their hands and though Colonel Hamond upon the delivery of the Kings Answer to the Propositions to the Commissioners had turned away His Majesties Servants and made Him a close prisoner telling the King who demanded the reason of it that He was acted by ill Counsels to the destruction of the Kingdom and that He did it by Authority of Parliament before they knew the said Answer which the King said they would never reply to yet was he now employed by Cromwel during the force of these Votes to make new Offers to the King from the Army the drift being to get Him to own the Army as He had formerly done against the Parliament till by that means His Friends reposing themselves likewise on their integrity and the people also amused they might of a sudden irresistibly destroy Him To this purpose they cajoled Colonel Ashburnham and Sir Iohn Berkley whom Hamond yet retained about the Kings Person to convey their poyson of perfidy more unsuspectedly into the King and the Earl of Southampton was likewise dealt withal but he better understood them and declined all manner of commerce or correspondence with them having had the advantages of liberty and opportunity of prying into the Cabal Several persons were employed as Messengers in this transaction who were never questioned or punished as the Resolves had declared Very many as was said before were the discontents of the people against the Parliament ready but for fear of the Army to burst out into Insurrections when the near sense of the Kings Captivity whose sighs were imagined to be heard in the Island so affected one Captain Burleigh lately of the Kings Army and then an Inhabitant there that not able to endure his Princes sufferings and injuries he beat a Drum in the Island intending to gather a force sufficient to rescue Him from His Imprisonment but was quickly seized and supprest by Hamond who sent him over to Winchester in order to his tryal by a special Commission of Oyer and â—erminer Against which time one Major Rolf accused by one Osborne a Servant of the King 's of a designe to have assassinated Him which accusation was with much ado admitted though Rolf was like to be torn in pieces by the Citizens of London upon his seizure in Bishops-gate-street meerly upon the bare Rumour of his Crime was brought down from the Gate-house and tryed there likewise by the same Judge and Jury The matter was delegated to Serjeant Wilde and Sir H. Mildmay betwixt whom and the said packt Jury Burleigh was found guilty of High Treason for levying War against because for the King and the other Rolf quitted by Ignoramus for his wilful intention of parricide Captain Burleigh courageously sealed his Cause with his blood dying a Loyal Martyr for the King and his Country and is worthily inscribed into that Roll though the stupid and Subjects uncompassionate of their Princes miseries accounted him rash and inconsiderate Upon this Attempt Hammond sends to the Parliament for an additional strength to maintain the Island and Rainsborough who was newly put in the place of Vice-Admiral Batten a Presbyterian and who had done good service though now the Independents were possest of all places was Commanded with his Fleet to sorround the Island and to guard it and next out comes a Declaration of the Army wherein they promise to live and dye with the Parliament in pursuance of these Votes and so for a while they piece together again like Herod and Pilate where we leave them and cast a look into Scotland and Ireland Scotland this year was infamous for the butchery and death of many gallant personages taken at the defeat of Montross at Philipshaugh whom the Covenanters having carried up and down with them till they setled at St. Iohnstons there Executed them The first whereof was Colonel Nathaniel Gordon and another of his noble name then Sir Robert Spotswood a man of most polite and deep learning especially in the Oriental Languages he was made the Kings Secretary of Scotland in the place of the Earl of Lanerick which together with his other abilities accelerated
of my Answer notwithstanding his beforesaid Engagement or afterwards by the two Houses as the Governour affirms in confining me within the circuit of this Castle I appeal to God and the World whether my said Answer deserved the Reply of such Proceedings besides the the unlawfulness for Subjects to Imprison their King That by the permission of Almighty God I am reduced to this sad condition at which as I no way repine so I am not without hope but that the same God will in due time convert these afflictions unto my advantage In the mean time I am content to bear those crosses with Patience and a great equality of minde But by what means or occasion I am come to this relapse in my affairs I am utterly to seek especially when I consider that I have sacrificed to my two Houses of Parliament for the Peace of my Kingdoms all but what is much more dear to me than my Life my Conscience and Honour desiring nothing more than to perform it in the most proper and natural way A Personal Treaty But that which makes me most at a loss is the remembring my signal comply 〈◊〉 with the Army and their Interests and of what importance my comâ—â—yance was to them and their often-repeated Professions and Engaâ—â—â—â—â—ts for my just Rights in general at New-Market and Saint 〈◊〉 and their particular Explanations of these generals by 〈…〉 and Revoted Proposals which I had reason to understand 〈…〉 utmost extremity would be expected from me and that in 〈…〉 therein I should be eased herein appealing to the Conscienâ—◠〈◊〉 â—â—me of the chiefest Officers in the Army if what I have said be not punctually true and how I have failed of their expectations or my professions to them I challenge them and the whole World to produce the least colour of reason And now I would know what it is that is desired Is it Peace I have shewed the way being both willing and desirous to perform my part in it which is a just complyance with all chief Interests Is it Plenty and Happiness they are the inseparable effects of Peace Is it Security I who wish all men would forget and forgive like me have offered the Militia for my time Is it Liberty of Conscience He who wants it is most ready to give it Is it the right Administration of Iustice Offices of Trust are committed to the choice of my two Houses of Parliament Is it the Arrears of the Army Vpon a settlement they will certainly be paid with much ease but before there will be found much difficulty if not impossibility in it Thus all the World cannot but see my real and unwearied Endeavours for Peace the which by the Grace of God I shall neither repent me of nor ever be slackned in notwithstanding my past present or future sufferings But if I may not be heard let every one judge who it is that obstructs the good I would or might do What is it that men are afraid to hear from me It cannot be Reason at least none will declare themselves so unreasonable as to confess it and it can less be impertinent or unreasonable discourses for thereby peradventure I might more justifie this my Restraint than the Causers themselves can do so that of all wonders this yet is the greatest to me But it may be easily gathered hence how these men intend to govern who have used me thus And if it be my hard sate to fall together with the Liberty of this Kingdom I shall not blush for my self but much lament the future miseries of my People the which I shall still pray to God to avert whatever becomes of me C. R. So we have attained the end of this bustling year the 23 of King Charles the first wherein the Pen laboured more than the Sword and the politick Matchiavel-Head of the Army combated all opposition with the same success as their victorious Arms lately before their power now appearing Paramount and from whence the Kingdoms were to expect their future Government unless they could be able to master and disperse that Formidable Host now joyntly and unanimously concurring with their aspiring and Rebel-Leaders And behold the next year gives us a proof of a noble and gallant Attempt for the recovery of Englands Majesty Liberty and Safety but the anger of Heaven was not yet neer appeased Anno Dom. 1648. THat the beginning of this calamitous and black year might correspond and suit with its end as the annual revolution thereof was never better assimilated than by the antient Hieroglyphick of a Serpent rounding its tail to its Mouth the Serpentine windings of this monstrous Rebellion terminating at the Head of their most sacred Soverain the Grandees of the Faction following that State-principle That it is as great prudence to keep as to win an Empire resolved to put out as the accursed Philistins did to Sampson the eyes of the Kingdom that so they might make sport with our Laws Franchises and Priviledges and then ruine and fatally destroy us at last separating the Head from the Body Politick in their ensuing monstrous Regicide To this purpose under the notion and term of a Visitation of the University of Oxford whereby Authority from the Parliament was delegated to certain Inquisitors such as were mancipated to their interest of Clergy and some more moderate Laity such as were the two Wilkinsons Cheynel Rogers Langley Sir Nathaniel Brent Esquire Tipping Mr. Palmer and others to whom was added as chief of this Commission Philip Earl of Pembroke with the Stile and Title of Chancellour of the said University The aforesaid persons proceeded to the ejectment of above two thirds of the Heads Fellows and Students of the respective Colledges the most eminent for Learning and Piety and Duty to the Church and Loyal obedience to His Majesty for no other reason but that they would not subscribe and recognize that the two pretended Houses had any Right or Authority to visit that University which by the known antient Statutes thereof and the Laws of the Land is invested only in the King and such as He from time to time shall depute thereunto By this most wicked practise and Dilemma of either ruining men or violating their Conscience they had nearly barbarized those Fountains of Learning with no less rage and fury inveighing against those Confessors of the Royal Cause than the Goths did to Old Rome sparing neither young nor old even very Children such of 16 years being outed of their places upon the same score and under pain of death having endured a civil death already by posting up their names at St. Maries Church-Gates Commanded within 24 Hours to depart that City or to be taken and proceeded against as Spies It will indeed rather require an Elegie or some Satyrical Lamentation than an History though I could not pass it out of reverence I owe my Mother and having but slightly touched the same rudenesses done to Her Sister of Cambridge by
desperately Engaged with them no way prepared or thinking of fighting that day though Laughorn resolved to fight before Cromwel should come up who was then on his way and having laid an Ambuscado behind some Shrubs and Hedges in a Meadow did so gall and terrifie these raw and undisciplined Britons that they could not be made to stand or to keep any order but annoyed their fellows and gave the Parliament-Horse opportunity to engage their whole Body which being vigorously prosecuted and maintained the whole Army ran some 1500 killed 500 Officers besides 3000 Prisoners taken with all their Ammunition Bag and Baggage But the chief Officers and ablest Souldiers got some into Tenby and others into Pembroke whither Cromwel came presently and Besieged them both In his advance whither that he might not give Sir Nicholas Kemish leave or leisure and time to nestle in his acquisition he sent away Colonel Eure to attempt him who having a sufficient strength resolved forthwith to storm Chepstow-Castle having before Loyally refused all manner of Treaty which successfully was attempted and a disastrous slaughter made the resolute and noble Knight being killed in cold blood Sir Iohn Owen's Forces were likewise at the same time suppressed by Major-General Mitton and himself likewise taken prisoner Cromwel was now joyned with Horton by whose united Forces Tenby was first stormed and then yielded upon discretion but Pembroke was a harder bit being naturally and artificially well fortified and as well manned though not proportionably stored with necessaries and two or three Parliament-Ships lay before the Haven to keep out all supply if the Prince should have endeavoured it who was then at Sea of which presently But Cromwel's impatience of loitering before a single Town in a corner of the Kingdom when the Scots were advancing upon the same account with the besieged into England put him upon a resolution of storming it to which glorious and facile work Hugh Peters by his Sermons and Stories of Iericho animated the Souldiers Accordingly Approaches were made and a Line drawn round within Carbine-shot of the Works and the night and hour appointed for their falling on the Horse being drawn up and in the dark got close under the Gates to be ready at the opening of them by their Foot when entred The besieged suspecting this stilness of the Leaguer would and in a Storm had as closely prepared for the onset just about the time thereof calling off their Guards and Centries and making semblance of betaking themselves to rest when with great fury the Parliament-Foot fell on and having planted their Ladders scaled the Works the Trenches being filled with men like to a swarm of Bees making hast to get over which being the designed advantage the Flankers of the Town discharged all their Cannon laden with Chain-shot and so swept the Trenches that not a Ladder was standing abundance of men killed and maimed and left therein the rest forced to retreat being pelted fore-right from the Walls and those that were entred knockt on the Head some few onely escaping and becoming Prisoners This so daunted the Army that Cromwel thought not fit to expose them any more to such danger but to block and starve them out which the Besieged perceiving and no hopes of Relief and being already pinched with want they bethought themselves of making Conditions in time while the late Storm was yet in recent memory and some regard had to their strength and courage and while Cromwel was himself there upon which account they entred into a Treaty whereby Cromwel was too hard for them For giving good terms to the Souldiery and the inferior Officers who were willing to accept of less he reserved their three Leaders to discretion and some Superiour Commanders to two years Banishment and so having quieted that Welch commotion hastned on his Expedition against the Scots While all things appeared now ready to run into worser and more desperate mischiefs equally feared from a new War and that cicatrized and more perilous Peace we had rather past than enjoyed during the quarrelling Intrigues of the Independant and Presbyterian parties first the County of Essex though not so considerably then the neighbouring County of Surrey thought it a good and neighbourly Office to the Parliament to give them a taste in fair and civil language and peaceable quiet deportment of the whole Kingdoms resentment of their proceedings with the King that so without any more effusion of blood a stop might be put to those threatning evils that visibly were imminent upon the Nation To this purpose a calm milde and rational Petition was with all humility and without any tumultuous disorder attended on by a numerous yet civil and a well-reputed train presented to the two Houses on the 16 of May by the hands of the prime Gentlemen of that County who were presently ordered to withdraw and await their Answer while in the mean time the Faction gave notice to the Guards at White-hall and the Mews to come and free them from this otherwise unanswerable Address In the interim the Honest Country-men understanding their Answer was respited and that the chief of their County would onely be admitted to receive it withdrew themselves to several Inns in Westminster to put up and refresh their horses and themselves where they found the Troopers very quarrelsom and telling them that there was no room nor scarce accommodation for the Army which made most of them go into the Suburbs when presently the Guards of Janizaâ—ies marched in haste into the Hall and fell a hewing and cutting without any expostulation of the Petitioners business there and with some slaughter and more terrour drove them into the Palace-yards Among the rest that were killed was the Miller of Wandsworth a stout Fellow and who died not unrevenged being cut and run through with a Halbert the rest scattered and dispersed themselves being in no capacity of resistance and carried home their Answer for Peace written in the red Letters of their Fellows Blood This Petition had been Subscribing a Month before and much order and exactness used therein but one Rubrick blot dasht it into nothing the Triumphant Grandees never knew the ways of Peace and this method to it retorting their own practices in the beginning of our troubles was most distastful for it discovered to the people that the right prayer of Petitions was onely for Parliamentary Priviledges and that the Liberty of the Subject was but a subservient pretence They had attained the mystery and mastership of Government and therefore those silly Rudiments were to be forgotten but if their Crue would Petition against the King and their Country so was our English spirit charmed and transformed before they should be honoured with the Title of the well-effected and have the thanks of the House for nothing This sanguinous reception of so innocent a Paper was highly resented every where but the Kentish-men reflected
and bring in the Fleet under his Command offering him those advantages and so obligingly inviting him to such just ends and purposes that of all the unhappinesses that befel that Nobleman as there were many in his Family and Relations afterwards this his refusal made the greatest breach of his Honour as appeared to him not long after this when he was ignominiously turned out as a dangerous person by his Masters and saw his onely Brother murdered by their Hands In the mean while of Warwick's preparation the Prince that he might not seem to be unactive and to have done nothing worthy his adventure and presence landed 500 men to the Relief of Sandwich Walmer and Deal-Castles besieged as abovesaid At Deal they were first opposed and though they did as much as possible could be expected from men yet were they finally vanquished by the unerring victorious hand of the Army-Forces whereupon instantly ensued the rendition of those Castles and the Prince without any other effect than a perswasive Letter sent to the House of Lords for the obtaining of a Personal Treaty with his Father which soon after ensued set sail for Goree in Holland where he Anchored his Ships Warwick vauntingly following him and demanding the States to thrust them out to Sea according to the laws thereof but the States were civiller and wiser Prince Rupert therefore was constituted Admiral thereof whose Navigation we shall in its place duely observe To prosecute and advantage the same Royal Interest another designe was laid in Surrey where neer Kingston appeared some 500 men under the Command of the Earl of Holland with the Duke of Buckingham the Lord Francis Villiers his Brother the young Earl of Peterburgh the Lord Petre and others but they no sooner rose but Colonel Rich and Major Gibbons were upon the back of them as they Rendâ—zvouz'd between Ewel and Nonsuch-Park Sir Michael Livesy joyned also with the other Parliament-Forces and presently attaqued these upstarts who had intended for Rygate but were compelled to steer their course for Kingston in the way whither they were all along skirmished for to preserve their few Foot they had placed before they were forced to march slowly In one of those onsets the nobly-spirited Lord Francis being too far engaged by his metalsom courage was taken Prisoner and refusing Rebels quarter was basely killed by a mean and rude hand with whose fall fell the courage of all the other For Holland having gotten the Town gave the Foot opportunity to shift for themselves and posted away with his Horse to St. Neots in Huntington-shire where the next day he and his Party was surprized by Colonel Scroops Regiment of Horse Colonel Dalbeir formerly a great Parliamentarian being slain in the defence of his quarters the Duke of Buckingham and the Earl of Peterborough escaped into Lincoln-shire and so beyond Sea leaving their Estates to satisfie for their offence and the Earl of Holland was sent Prisoner to Warwick-Castle where he continued till he was removed to his Tryal and his Death To sum up all the disastrous events of this Second War as it was called though the mention and hopeful concerns of Peace should orderly and of right intervâ—ne a Personal Treaty being now Voted of which presently we must look Northwards where on the 13 of Iuly the Scotch Army after tedious debates and struglings with the Kirk and Presbyterian party of that Kingdom entred England bringing with them a Declaration containing these five points 1. That the King be forthwith brought to London to Treat in Person with the two Houses of Parliament 2. That all those who had a hand in or contrived the carrying of the King away from Holdenby be condignly punished 3. That the Army be disbanded 4. That Presbytery be setled 5. That the Members of Parliament who were forcibly secluded from the Houses may be reseated The third first and last being the very sense of the Essex Surrey Kent and London Petitions Of this Army Duke Hamilton lately freed from his Imprisonment by the Kings Commitment at Pendennis-Castle was made General which when the King first understood he sadly and prophetically foretold the fatal Issue of that Expedition reckoning him as an unfortunate if not a self-ended person as his Service in Germany in supply of the King of Sweden and in favour of the Prince Elector Palatine to the Ruine of many brave English Gentlemen did evidently declare Colonel Middleton afterwards Earl of Middleton His Majesties High Commissioner of Scotland was Major-General and the Earl of Calender Lieutenant-General It consisted of 15000 Horse and Foot effective and was increased by an addition of 3000 English under Sir Marmaduke after Lord Langdale and Sir Philip Musgrave antient Families in those parts who had a while before surprized Carlile and Berwick neer the same time that Major Morris surprized Pomfret-Castle which Cromwel afterwards in his Northern march visited and took the Town thereof just upon the time of the Welch Insurrection For the Honour of another brave person we may not omit Colonel Wogan then a Captain in the Parliaments Army who perceiving the wicked designes of his party deserted them and being sent to oppose did joyn with this Scotch Army before their advance into England bringing a gallant Troop along with him He afterwards did the King eminent service in Scotland and Ireland of which hereafter This entire strength wandering by the way of Westmerland and Cumberland which affords a pleasant passage wherewith the Reader may be diverted one Colonel Stuart who was in this Expedition being afterwards set on the Stool of Repentance by the Kirk with others in the same Engagement and being asked gravely and severely by the Minister whether he was not convinced that by his Malignancy he went out of the way suddenly replied Yea for we went a wrong through Westmerland c. when we should have marcht for York and so to London an ominous presage besides the unluckiness of the General of their overthrow none of their Armies thriving that came that Road. Major-General Lambert made the first opposition but was beaten by the English and forced back to Appleby and so to a further retreat Sir Marmaduke taking in some small places of strength by the way until he joyned with Cromwel now come from Wales to whom the chiefty of that service was committed his whole strength amounting to 11000 most of them Horse and Dragoons At Preston in Lancashire both Armies faced one another and some two miles thence on a Moor on the East-side of the Town engaged the brunt of the fight continued but two hours nor had it endured so long but through the valour of the English Royalists on whom the stress lay The Scots Army was so ill ordered that they came not all to the Fight nor could relieve one another so that a general Rout ensued one part flying towards Lancaster who were pursued by Col. Twisleton and
that I may be in the same state of Freedom I was in when I was last at Hampton-Court And indeed less cannot in any reasonable measure make good those offers which you have made me by your Votes For how can I Treat with Honour so long as people are terrified with Votes and Orders against coming to speak or write to me And am I honourably Treated so long as there is none about me except a Barber who came now with the Commissioners that ever I named to wait upon me Or with Freedom until I may call such to me of whose service I shall have use in so great and difficult a work And for Safety I speak not of my Person having no apprehension that way how can I judge to make a safe and well-grounded Peace until I may know without disguise the true present state of all my Dominions and particularly of all those whose Interests are necessarily concerned in the Peace of the Kingdoms Which leads me naturally to the last necessary demand I shall make for the bringing this Treaty to an happy end which is That you alone or you and I joyntly do invite the Scots to send some persons authorized by them to treat upon such Propositions as they shall make For certainly the Publique and Necessary Interest they have in this great Settlement is so clearly plain to all the world that I believe no body will deny the necessity of their concurrence in order to a durable Peace Wherefore I will only say that as I am a King of both Nations so will I yield to none in either Kingdom for being truly and zealously affected for the Good and Honour of both my resolution being never to be partial for either to the prejudice of the other Now as to the place because I conceive it to be rather a circumstantial than a real part of this Treaty I shall not much insist upon it I name Newport in this Isle yet the fervent zeal I have that a speedy end be put to these unhappy distractions doth force me earnestly to desire you to consider what a great loss of time it will be to Treat so far from the Body of my two Houses when every small Debate of which doubtless there will be many must be transmitted to Westminster before they be concluded And really I think though to some it may seem a Paradox that peoples minds will be much more apt to settle seeing me Treat in or near London than in the Isle because so long as I am here it will never be believed by many that I am really so free as before this Treaty begin I expect to be And so I leave and recommend this Point to your serious consideration And thus I have not only fully accepted of the Treaty which you have propounded to me by the Votes of the 3 of this Month but also given it all the furtherance that lies in me by demanding the necessary means for the effectual performance thereof All which are so necessarily implied by though not particularly mentioned in the Votes that I can no way doubt of your ready compliance with me herein I have now no more to say but to conjure you by all that is dear to Christians Honest Men or good Patriots that you will make all the expedition possible to begin this happy Work by hasting down your Commissioners fully authorized and well instructed and by enabling me as I have shewed you to Treat Praying the God of Peace so to bless our endeavours that all my Dominions may speedily enjoy a safe and well-grounded Peace Carisbroke Aug. 10. All which desires of the King were assented to to their full intent and purpose and five Lords and ten Commoners appointed Commissioners for the Treaty whose names were as followeth The Earls of Northumberland Pembroke Salisbury Middlesex and Lord Viscount Say The Lord Wenman Mr. Denzil Hollis Mr. William Pierpoint Sir Henry Vane Junior Sir Harbottle Grimstone Mr. Samuel Brown Sir Iohn Potts Mr. Crew Serjeant Glyn and Mr. Bulkley The Treaty to begin ten days after the Kings Assent to Treat as is agreed and to continue from thence forty days Resolved likewise That His Majesty be desired to Pass his Royal Word to make his constant Residence in the Isle of Wight from the time of his Assenting to Treat until twenty days after the Treaty be ended unless it be otherwise desired by both Houses of Parliament and that after His Royal Word so Passed and his Assent given to Treat as aforesaid from thenceforth the former Instructions of the 16 of Nov. 1647. be vacated and these observed and that Col. Hammond be authorized to receive His Majesties Royal Word Passed to his two Houses of Parliament for his Residence in the Isle of Wight accordingly as is formerly exprest and shall certifie the same to both Houses They likewise Repealed the Votes of Non-address and desired a List from his Majesty of those he would have to attend him Whereupon the King by his Message of the 28 of August not being in the former limitation accepted of the Treaty desiring the expediting of the Commissioners and sent them a List of those persons he desired to be with him First for the Journey into Scotland he desired a Pass for Mr. Parsons one of the Grooms of his Presence-Chamber next the Duke of Richmond Marquess Hartford Earl of Lindsey Earl of Southampton Gentlemen of his Bed-chamber Mr. Kirk Mr. Leviston Mr. Murray Mr. Iohn Ashburnham Mr. Legg Grooms of his said Bed-chamber Mr. Hen Mr. Rogers Mr. Lovet Pages of his Back-stairs Sir Fulk Grevil Captain Titus Captain Burroughs Mr. Cresset Abr. Dowset Firebrace to wait as they did or as he should appoint them The Bishops of London and Salisbury Drs Shelden Hammond Oldsworth Sanderson Turner Heywood Chaplains Davis his Barber Rives Yeoman of the Robes Sir Edward Sidenham Mr. Terwhit Hunsdon Esquires Mrs Wheeler Landress Sir Thomas Gardiner Sir Orlando Bridgeman Sir Robert Holbourn Mr. Ieffrey Palmer Mr. Thomas Cook Mr. Iohn Vaughan Lawyers Sir Edward Walker Mr. Philip Warwick Mr. Nicholas Oudart Mr. Charles Whitaker Clerks and Writers Mr. Clement Kinnersley and Mr. Peter Newton to make ready the House for Treaty To which at the Kings request were after added for the Civil Law the Kings Advocate Dr. Rives Dr. Duck and these Divines the Bishops of Armagh Exeter Rochester and Worcester Dr. Ferne and Dr. Morley The Treaty began the 18th of September which the King so prudentially managed single against all the Commissioners none of his Party being suffered to assist him at the Conferences that there appeared some hopes of a right understanding The Propositions concerning Religion took up the longest time both in discourse and writing whereby he fully evinced the right of Episcopacie which his Answers with his Majesties Propositions on the 2 of Octob. being sent up to the Parliament notwithstanding produced these Votes Resolved by the
to the Isle of Wight where the King surprised with this monstrous disloyalty at the reading of it to him at Newport propounded these Queries 1. Whether this Remonstrance be agreeable to the formâ—r Declarations of the Army and if not Whether the Parliament would maze good their Votes that after he had consented to what they desired he should be in a capacity of Honour Freedom and Safety 2. Whether his acknowledgment of the Blood that hath been spilt in the late Wars nothing being as yet absolutely concluding or binding could be urged so far as to be made use of by way of evidence against him or any of his party 3. Whether the Arguments that he hath used in a free and personal Treaty to lessen or extenuate and avoid the exactness of the Conditions though in manner and form only might be charged against him as an act of obstinacie or wilful persistence in what is alledged against him in that he goes on in a destructive course and enmity against the People and Laws of the Land when he hath declared that his Conscience was satisfied concerning divers partiâ—ulars in the Propositions 4. Whereas by the Letter of the Law all persons charged to offend against the Law ought to be tried by their Peers or Equals what the Law is if the person questioned is without a Peer And if the Law which of it self is but a dead Letter seems to condemn him by what Power shall Iudgment be given and who shall judge it or from whence shall the Administrators of such Iudgment derive their power which may by the same Law be deemed the Supreme Power or Authority of Magistracie in the Kingdom These his Queries were resolved no otherwise than by a strict Guard put upon him so that the Commissioners coming to receive his Answer of him he told them be thought to have sent his Answer sealed because he had been prejudiced by sending others open but since his condition could not be worse no body suffered to speak with him without suspition he had sent it open and reading it desired their opinion who told him they thought it would procure a well-grounded Peace He then desired them to put a good Interpretation upon his manage of this Treaty and those vehement expressions in some of his Debates there being nothing in his Intentions but kindness acknowledged their abilities which had taken him off from some of his own opinions as he doubted not if they had had power to recede he could have prevailed upon theirs as also if he had been present upon the two Houses And he desires them to use the same freedom and instance to his two Houses to indulge his Conscience wherein he cannot be satisfied and to represent him candidly to his two Houses since he hath parted with all how near or dear soever but wherein his Conscience is unsatisfied And at their taking leave he added these Pathetick Sentences MY LORDS You are come to take your leave of me and I believe we shall scarce see each other again but God's Will be done I thank God I have made my Peace with him and shall without fear undergo what he shall be pleased to suffer men to do unto me My Lords You cannot but know that in my Fall and Ruine you see your own and that also near to you I pray God send you better Friends than I have found I am fully informed of the whole Plot and Carriage against me and mine and nothing so much afflicts me as the sense and feeling I have of the sufferings of my Subjects and the miseries that hang over my three Kingdoms drawn upon them by those who upon the pretences of good violently pursue their own Interests and Ends. After which he presently withdrew himself to his Guards Let the Reader give me leave to compleat his sorrow with this last Captive Breath of the King 's in the Isle of Wight and I am confident he will not blame me for vouchsafing him a Sympathy or Part in this Threnody and Lamentation sincâ— it was delivered to one of his Servants just at his departure thence and Commanded by him to be published for the satisfaction of all his Subjects WHen large Pretences prove but the shadows of weak Performances then the greatest Labours produce the smallest Effects and when a period is put to a Work of great Concernment all mens ears do as it were hunger till they are satisfied in their Expectations Hath not this distracted Nation groaned a long time under the burden of Tyranny and Oppression And hath not all the Blood that hath been spilt these seven years been cast upon my Head who am the greatest Sufferer though the least guilty And was it not requisite to endeavour the stopping of that Flux which if not stopt will bring an absolute destruction to this Nation And what more speedy way was there to consummate those distractions than by a Personal Treaty being agreed on by my two Houses of Parliament and condescended to by me And I might Declare that I conceive it had been Physick had not the Operation been hindred by the interposition of this Imperious Army who were so audacious as to stile me in their unparallel'd Remonstrance their Capital Enemy But let the world judge whether my endeavours have not been attended with reality in this late Treaty and whether I was not as ready to grant as they to ask and yet all this is not satisfaction to them that pursue their own ambitious Ends more than the welfare of a miserable Land Were not the dying hearts of my poor distressed People much revived with the hopes of a happiness from this Treaty and how suddenly are they frustrated in theire xpectations Have I not formerly been condemned for yielding too little to my Houses of Parliament and must I now be condemned for yielding too much Have I not formerly been imprisoned for making War and shall I now be condemned for making Peace Have I not formerly enjoyed the society of my dear Wife and Children in peace and quietness and shall I now neither enjoy them nor Peace Have not my Subjects formerly obeyed me and shall I now be obedient to my Subjects Have not I been condemned for Evil Counsellours and shall I now be condemned for having no Counsel but God These are unutterable miseries that the more I endeavour for Peace the less my endeavours are respected and how shall I hereafter know what to grant when your selves know not what to ask I refer it to your Consciences whether I have not satisfied your desires in every particular since in this Treaty if you find I have not then let me bear the burthen of the fault but if I have given you ample satisfaction as I am sure I have then you are bound to vindicate me from the â—ury of those whose thoughts are filled with blood though they pretend zeal yet they are but Wolves in Sheeps cloathing I must further Declare that
I conceive there is nothing can more obstruct the long-hoped-for Peace of this Nation than the illegal proceedings of them that presume from Servants to become Masters and labour to bring in Democracie and to abolish Monarchy Needs must the total alteration of Fundamentals be not only destructive to others but in conclusion to themselves for they that endeavour to rule by the Sword shall at last fall by it for Faction is the Mother of Ruine and it is the humour of those that are of this Weather-cock-disposition to love nothing but Mutabilities neither will that please them but only pro tempore for too much variety doth but confound the senses and make them still hate one folly and fall in love with another Time is the best cure for Faction for it will at length like a spreading Leprosie infect the whole Body of the Kingdon and make it so odious that at last they will hate themselves for love of that and like the Fish for love of the Bait be catched with the Hook I once more declare to all my loving Subjects and God knows whether or no this may be my last that I have earnestly laboured for Peace and that my thoughts were sincere and absolute without sinister ends and that there was nothing left undone by me that my Conscience would permit me to do And I call God to witness that I do firmly conceive that the interposition of the Army that Cloud of Malice hath altogether eclipsed the glory of that Peace which began again to shine in this Land And let the world judge whether it be expedient for an Army to contradict the Votes of a Kingdom endeavouring by pretending for Laws and Liberties to subvert both Such acts as these must produce strange consequences and set open the flood-gates of ruine to over-flow this Kingdom in a moment Had this Treaty been only mine own seeking then they might have had fairer pretences to have stopt the course of it but I being importuned by my two Houses and they by most part of the Kingdom could not but with a great deal of alacrity concur with them in their desires to the performance of so commodious a work And I hope by this time that the hearts and eyes of my people are opened so much that they plainly discover who are the underminers of this Treaty For my part I here protest before the Face of Heaven that my own afflictions though they need no addition afflict me not so much as my peoples sufferings for I know what to trust to already and they know not God comfort both them and me and proportion our patience to our sufferings And when the malice of mine Enemies is spun out to the smallest thread let them know that I will by the Grace of God be as contented to suffer as they are active to advance my Sufferings and mine own Soul tells me that the time will come when the very Clouds shall drop down vengeance upon the heads of those that barricado themselves against the proceedings of Peace for if God hath proclaimed a blessing to the Peace-makers needs must the Peace-breakers draw down curses upon their heads I thank my God I have armed my self against their fury and let the Arrows of their envy fly at me I have a breast to receive them and a heart possest with patience to sustain them for God is my Rock and my Shield therefore I will not fear what men can do unto me I will expect the worst and if any thing happen beyond my expectation I will give God the Glory for vain is the help of man This Declaration gave entire and compleat satisfaction to the most refractory of the Presbyterian Party who when too late perceived their untoward scuffling and debating with so excellent a Prince had brought him and themselves to ruine together with three Kingdoms the care of which when his Protection failed the King as his last and most incumbent business resumed in this following Letter For having thus resigned himself into the hands of God and patiently submitted to his Cross he in a way of renunciation and Self-deposition of his Government transferred and bequeathed the Scepter with these following excellent Advices to his Son the Prince Newport Novemb. 29. 1648. SON BY what hath been said you may see how long We have laboured in the search of Peace Do not you be discouraged to tread those ways in all worthy means to restore your self to your Right but prefer the way of Peace Shew the greatness of your mind rather to Conquer your Enemies by pardoning than by punishing If you saw how unmanly and unchristian this implacable disposition is in Our Ill-willers you would avoid that spirit Censure Vs not for having parted with too much of Our own Right the Price was great the Commodity was Security to us Peace to Our People And We are confident another Parliament would remember how useful a Kings Power is to a Peoples Liberty and of how much We have devested Our Self that We and they might meet again in a due Parliamentary way to agree the Bounds for Prince and People And in this give belief to Our Experience never to affect more Greatness or Prerogative than what is really and intrinsecally for the good of your Subjects not satisfaction of Favourites And if you thus use it you will never want means to be a Father to all and a bountifull Prince to any you would be extraordinarily gracious unto You may perceive all men trust their Treasure where it returns them Interest and if Princes like the Sea receive and repay all the fresh Streams and Rivers trust them with they will not grudge but pride themselves to make up an Ocean These considerations may make you a Great Prince as your Father is now a low one and your State may be so much the more established as mine hath been shaken For Subjects have learned We dare say that Victories over their Prince are but Triumphs over themselves and so will be the more unwilling to hearken to Changes hereafter The English Nation are a sober people however at present under some infatuation We know not but this may be the last time We may speak to you or the world publikely We are sensible into what hands We are fallen and yet we bless God we have those inward refreshments that the malice of Our Enemies cannot disturb To conlude if God give you Success use it humbly and far from Revenge If he restore you to your Rights upon hard Conditions whatever you promise keep Those men which have forced Laws which they were bound to observe will find their Triumphs full of troubles Do not think any thing in this world worth obtaining by force and unjust means You are the Son of Our Love and as We direct you to what We have recommended to you so We assure you We do not more affectionately pray for you to whom We are a Natural Parent than We do that
the antient Glory and Renown of this Nation be not buried in Irreligion and Fanatick Humour and that all Our Subjects to whom We are a Politick Parent may have such sober thoughts as to seek their Peace in the Orthodox Profession of the Christian Religion as it was established since the Reformation in this Kingdom and not in new Revelations and that the antient Laws with the Interpretation according to known Practices may once again be a hedge about them that You may in due time Govern and they be Governed as in the fear of the Lord. The Commissioners are gone the Corn is now on the Ground We expect the Harvest if the Fruit be Peace we hope the God of Peace will in time reduce all to Truth and Order again which that he may do is the Prayer of C. R. With this his Majesties final account of this unconsummated Treaty I will conclude all his State-Missives and Papers the justice and reasonableness whereof no doubt will be so convincing that there needed no other Pen to assert his Quarrel As he was the chief Subject of this History so was he the Life of it affording it the greatest light of Truth towards its composition so that these his happy Labours shall perpetuate his just Renown and make his Moral and intellectual Virtues endure together enshrined in the hearts of pious Posterity To contribute whereto as far as my humble devoir would reach I have made these Collections and so with reverential leave to their blessed Author I proceed in this Chronicle In pursuance of that accursed Remonstrance presented the 20 of November aforesaid Cromwel drew the Army into the Suburbs of London quartering them at the Mews and at York-house and afterwards into London it self the General quartering himself at Whitehall to keep the King out in defiance of the Treaty with a resolution to awe the Parliament into a non-compliance with his Majesty whose great and most reasonable Arguments for a Composure and his un-exampled Condescentions in order thereunto they could neither fairly refel or honestly refuse But notwithstanding such was the justice of God in favour of his Majesties Cause that the Parliament who had so obstinately and dilatorily to the ruine of the Kingdom rejected all his other Accommodations closed with him now For upon the 4th of December the Question being put in the House of Commons Whether the Kings Answer was satisfactory or no though the Army-party argued that they were not satisfactory because the King had not granted all their Propositions in terms contrary to the nature of all Treaties where something must be bated on both parts and so kept the business in question until 8 a Clock at night next day being Tuesday the 5â—h of December the Independents hoping by their usual trick to tire out the moderate Party it was then Resolved That the Answers of the King to the Propositions of both Houses are a Ground for both Houses to proceed upon for the Settlement of the Peace of the Kingdom This being carried Affirmatively and that so clearly that the House was not divided about it to secure this Vote and the earnest of a Peace a Committee of six Members was appointed to attend the General to keep a good Correspondencie c. but we shall now see Hell broke loose in the Armes Insolencies and Violence For these Caitiffs understanding the courage and honesty of the House resolved to play no longer with the weak Reed of Priviledge but with a bold Sword to solve the Oracle of their Villanies in thâ—sâ— ensuing complicated mischiefs To this purpose Pride Hewson and other Officers having had some Conference in Westminster Hall the Doors being shut with the Speaker sent in a Paper to the House of Commons Requiring the Impeached Members and Major-General Brown as guilty of calling in Hamilton to be secured and brought to Iustice and that the ninety and odd Members who refused to Vote against the late Scoâ—ch Engagement and all that Voted for recaling the four Votes of Non-Addresses and Voted for a Treaty and concurred in the Yesterday's acquiescing Vote in his Majesties Answers may be immediately suspended the House and that all such faithful Members who are innocent of those Votes would by Protestation acquit themselves from any concurrence that so they might know their own Goats and so be distinguished To this Paper they admitted no demur not caring for or not daigning them the consideration of an Answer but presently brought three or four Regiments of Horse and Foot and set strong Guards at the Houses-doors the Lobby-stairs and every where about the Palace admitting none but Parliament-men into the Hall where the said two Colonels and Sir Hardress Waller violently seized upon divers Knights and Burgesses of the Parliament and forcibly carried them away Prisoners others were by feigned excuses called out of the House and then pull'd away and committed likewise without any Warrant or cause shewn And though the House remaining sent the Serjeant of Mace to command their attendance when Pride would not suffer him to pass and sent likewise to the General about it declaring they would not proceed in any business without them yet the secured Members were still kept indurance while the Rump or Conventicle became of the Armies Complexion and so prevaricated and deserted their Fellows The Gentlemen thus detained were afterwards listed in a Catalogue by Hugh Peters and carried to a Victualling-place called Hell being number 41. where they were kept without Beds or other fitting accommodation all that night and the next day after a tedious attendance on the Council of Officers were committed Prisoners under Guard to two several Inns in the Strand Besides these the Belial Commanders standing several days with Lists of Names in their hands at the Parliament-door turned back from the House and debarred above 160 other Members besides 40 more who voluntarily withdrew to avoid their violence Most of those 41 Members were after much expostulation and their Protestation of this Force upon them and the Houses released Ireton insolently bidding them to look to themselves and to act nothing against the present Parliament and Army at their peril But Major-General Brown was sent Prisoner to St. Iames's where they would have put a trick upon him by a forged Letter brought thither and delivered him which he understanding their Plot would have publikely read as from the Prince The Messenger seeing his Project would not take threw the Paper into the fire and escaped as was forelaid He was afterwards sent prisoner to Windsor The remaining Juncto having met and conferred at Sommetset-house began to act at Westminster as a Parliament with whom some fawning Lords joyned and Passed an Ordinance Declaring all persons that had any way appeared for the King even by Subscribing to the personal Treaty should be incapable c. whereby the City could not find men to supply those Trusts and Places c. and
Petitioned against it but in vain the Sectaries had packt a new Common-council by Authority from the Juncto who constituted aâ—y 40 of them a Court and supreme to the Mayor whose first work was the framing a Petition for Justice against the King and other Capital Offenders which was afterwards delivered by Titchburn and had the thanks of the Mock-Parliament for their pains who now entred a Protestation against that satisfactory Vote of the 5th of December aforesaid and pursue the Dictates and Directions of the Army A little while before this Colonel Rainsborough was slain at Doncaster by a party of Royalists that â—allied out of Pomfract then besieged by Sir Edward Rhodes and the County-Forces as he was in his Inn and his Souldiers about him under a pretence of delivering him a Letter from Crowel They would have only taken him prisoner and carried him through his own Leaguer into their Castle but he refusing they pistoled him in his Chamber and departed untoucht A strange yet brave Adventure Scarbrough-Castle now likewise yielded to the Parliament whom we will leave and see the Armies like violence and outrages upon the King Colonel Ewres was appointed by the Parliament to this Service who assisted by Colonel Cobbet on the first of Decemb. according to Command received from Hammond the person of the King and hurried him out of that Isle away prisoner to Hurst-Castle within the term of those 20 days after the Treaty in which he was to remain according to the Houses Declaration in Honour Safety and Freedom This Castle stands a mile and a half in the Sea upon a Breach full of mud and stinking oaze upon low Tides having no fresh water within two or three miles of it so cold foggy and noysome that the Guards cannot endure it without shifting Quarters Here they frayed the King a while till Harrison was on his way to receive him who brought him to Winchester where the Mayor and Inhabitants caused the Bells to ring and at the Towns-end as was due and usual in the middle of the mire presented his Majesty with the Keys of the City and the Mace but in the very Ceremony were tumbled in the same mire by the Horse at the Command of Harrison The next day the King came to Farnham and so to Windsor where he kept his sorrowful and last Christmass being pent up in a corner of the Castle no man besides his Guards to come to him and all respect and reverence to his Person forborn while by Order of the Juncto he was sent for up to his Palace of St. Iames's Harrison impudently riding covered in the same Coach with him and his Myrmidons wounding any that shewed their Loyal Compassion and lamented this miserable condition of their beloved Sovereign In which we must leave him and return to our Grandees These offals of a Parliament having by an Ordinance taken away the Oaths of Supremacie and Allegeance usually administred to Freemen c. thereby to free themselves from those ties of Duty upon them and to make way for their ensuing Trayterous designe in order whereunto the Council of War had forbid any Ceremony or State to be used to the King and his Attendants lessened now proceeded roundly to their Army Journey-work for on the 28 of December Thomas Scot brought in the Ordinance for Trial of the King it was read and recommitted three several times and the Commissioners names of all sorts to engage the whole Body of the Kingdom in this Treason inserted and to give it a Foundation these Votes passed That the Lords and Commons Assembled in Parliament dâ— Declare and Adjudge that by the Fundamental Laws of the Realm it is Treason in the King of England for the time to come to Levy War against the Parliament and Kingdom of England With this Declaratory Vote the said Ordinance was carried up to the Lords by the Lord Gray of Grooby Ianuary 2. 1648. The Lords being 16 in number met that day and received it promising to send an Answer by Messengers of their own The first Question started by some Lords who had rather had a thinner House was Whether it should be presently debated which was affirmed The first Debate was upon the Declaratory Vote to which the Earl of Manchester said That the Parliament of England by the Fundamental Laws consisted of three Estates King Lords and Commons whereof the King is the first and chiefest He Calls and Dissolves Parliaments and without him there can be no Parliament and therefore it 's absurd to say the King can be a Traytor against the Parliament Then the Earl of Northumberland added That the greatest part at least twenty to one of the people of England were not yet satisfied whether the King Levied War first against the Houses or the Houses against him And if the King did Levy War first against the Houses there is no Law to make it Treason in him And for them to declare Treason by an Ordinance when the matter of Fact is not proved nor any Law extant to judge it by is very unreasonable The Earls of Pembroke and Denbigh said they would be torn in pieces before they would assent with the Commons so the Lords cast off the Debate and cast out the Ordinance and adjourned for seven days This netled the Commons who thereupon resolved to rid their hands of King Lords and their Fellow-Commons together by a leading Vote That all Members of Committees should proceed and act in any Ordinance wherein the Lords were joyned though the Peers should not Sit nor concur with them And added thereunto three other Democratical Resolves Ian. 4. 1648. 1. That the People are under God the Original of all just Power 2. That the Commons of England in Parliament Assembled chosen by and Representing the People have the Supreme Power of the Nation 3. That whatsoever is enacted or declared for Law by the House of Commons Assembled in Parliament hath the force of Law Which passed without one Negative Voice which shewed at whose beck they were And thus first they hatcht this Monster called An Act for the Trial of the King c. which is here transcribed transferring the names of the Commissioners to their ensuing Character An Act of Parliament of the House of Commons for Trial of Charles Stuart King of England WHereas it is notorious that Charles Stuart the now King of England not content with the many Encroachments which his Predecessors had made upon the People in their Rights and Freedom hath had a wicked designe to subvert the Antient and Fundamental Laws and Liberties of this Nation and in their place to introduce an Arbitrary and Tyrannical Government and that besides all other evil ways to bring his designe to pass he hath prosecuted it with Fire and Sword levied and maintained a Civil War in the Land against the Parliament and Kingdom whereby this Country hath been miserably
wasted the Publique Treasure exhiâ—â—ted Trade decreased thousands of people murthered and infinite other mischiefs committed for all which high offences the said Charles Stuart might long since have been brought to exemplary and condign punishment Whereas also the Parliament well hoping that the restraint and imprisonment of his person after it had pleased God to deliver him into their hands would have quieted the distempers of the Kingdom did forbear to proceed judicially against him but fâ—und by sad experience that such their remisness served only to encourage him and his Complices in the continuance of their evil practices and in raising new Comâ—â—tions Rebellions and Practises For prevention of the like and greater inconveniences and to the end no Chief Officer or Magistrate may hereafter presume traiterously and maliciously to imagine or contrive the enslaving or destroying of the English Nation and to expect impunity Be it Enacted and Ordained by the Commons in this present Parliament Assembled and it is hereby Enacted and Ordained that Thomas Lord Fairfax c. the other persons that actually did Siâ— and Sentence are hereafter subjoyned shall be and are appointed Commissioners and Iudges for the Hearing Trying and Iudging of the said Charles Stuart And the said Commissioners or any twenty of them shall be and are hereby Authorized and Constituted an High Court of Iustice to meet at such convenient time and places as by the said Commissioners or the major part or twenty or more of them under their Hands and Seals shall be appointed and notified by publique Proclamation in the great Hall or Palace-yard of Westminster and to adjourn from time to time and from place to place as the said High Court or the major part thereof meeting shall hold fit and to take order for the Charging of Him the said Charles Stuart with the Crimes above-mentioned and for receiving his personal Answer thereunto and for examination of Witnesses upon Oath if need be concerning the same and thereupon or in default of such answer to proceed to final Sentence according to Iustice and the merit of the Cause to be executed speedily and impartially And the said Court is hereby Authorized and required to chuse and appoint all such Officers and Attendants and other Circumstances as they or the Major part of them shall in any sort judge necessary or useful for the ordering and good managing of the Premises And Thomas Lord Fairfax the General with all Officers of Iustice and other well-affected persons are hereby Authorized and Required to be aiding and assisting to the said Commissioners in the due execution of the Trust hereby committed to them Provided that this Ordinance and the Authority hereby granted do continue for the space of one Month from the Date of the making hereof and no longer This Act was followed by a Proclamation Ianuary 9. made by Serjeant Dendy by sound of Drums and Trumpets and Guards of Horse and Foot in Westminster-Hall whereby notice was given that the Commissioners of the pretended High Court of Justice were to sit down on the morrow and that all those that had any thing to say against Charles Stuart King of England might be heard The like was done in Cheap-side and the old Exchange The Actors or Tragical Persons in this Ordinance were stumbled at several illegalities and irregularities thereof which in a presumptuous confidence as drunken men passing over a dangerous Bridge then yet slighted But when it was perfected and the consummatory part of the Seal to be affixed and the whole result to be warranted thereby they were at a stand as knowing the Kings Seal could not be made use of against him while the Army-Familiars inspired them that the King and his Seal was alike unnecessary and that they must now according to their advice act by themselves and their own Authority which direction they followed and gave order for a new Seal to their ensuing Acts as hereafter We have omitted the Cypher-Names specified in the said pretended Act because cause many of them upon reluctancie of Conscience or more happy perswasions of Friends did not undertake the Impiety as also because we would not defame the Names of those Lords and Peers of the Kingdom and the Judges whose Function instructed them to the contrary that were invited and listed onâ—e by the same Treasonable Combination to be partakers in that Guilt but those that appeared and prosecuted their Power and are worthy of their brand are with their due Character here subjoyned The Kings Iudges marked with †are those that were Executed †Oliver Cromwel an English Monster a shame to the British Chronicle a name of ruine and mischief a Native of Huntingdon-shire who needs no other Character than this Chronicle being the Troubler of our Israel whose ruines were his Grave yet hath found another under Tyburn Ian. 30. †Henry Ireton Commissary-General of Horse Cromwel's Second espoused his Daughter as well as his Designes so like Father-in-law like Son-out-law and renterised in the same manner and at the same time 1660. †Iohn Bradshaw President Cum nemini obtrudi potest itur ad Hunc there was no such Villain to be found among the Long-Robâ— who drowned all his wickedness and false practises not to be compared under this most flagitious and scelerate parricide of the King A Cheshire-man born but hateful to his Country more abominable to his Name most odious to his Nation whose hopeful recovery by the first endeavours of his own County under Sir George Booth in 1659. he so pined at that taking a just desperation he died Two Terms before the Perpetration of the Kings Murther he had took the Oath of Allegeance as a Serjeant at Law being called to that Dignity from the scolding and railing of Guild-hall London to convitiate and reproach his most peaceable Sovereign He grew conscious as to the safety of his Body of his Fact when he shewed his aversness to Oliver the very name of a Single Person frighting him but so cauterized as to the salvation of his Soul that he departed in a most damnable obstinacie and maintenance of his Fact presuming there was no High Court of Iustice in Heaven or else that he was judged already The price of this Villany was the Presidencie of their Council of State the Lord Cottington's Estate and the Dutchy of Lancaster with some Advance-Money like Iudas for his undertaking It is observed he died in his Bed advantageously Commented on by the Imps and Abettors of his villany by others at least taken as a note of admiration leaving his Name and Memory to be tortured for ever The good Providence of God removing this wretch and the most implacable Enemies of our Sovereign by the same easie hand which might otherwise have been died in blood with which it restored Him to his Kingdoms and his people to their Laws Liberty and Religion he was likewise digged out of Westminster-Abby and thrown under
drain the Fountain of his Masters life and Honour * Sir Iohn Bourchier another Yorkshire Knight an Independent Mercenary who from the Crisis of their prevalencie workt for them and that he might not be out of the way when occasion should serve them diligently dined at Hell and to compleat his work consented to this Murther * Col. Purefoy a Warwickshire Gentleman and Governour once of Coventry a great Zealot against Crosses and no less against Crowns He imbrued his hands in the Blood of his Prince but could not tell for the ease of his Conscience upon his death-bed how he should wipe them * Iohn Blakestone formerly a Shop-keeper in Newcastle where pretending himself a Presbyterian while the Scots were there he was chosen Burgess for that Town and jugling a while among the Independent Faction learnt a worse Trade and the wicked Craft of King-killing * Sir William Constable a Yorkshire-man one who sold his Lands to Sir Marmaduke after Lord Langdale in the beginning of our Troubles but when the said Lord was made a Delinquent regained them for nothing was a great Rumper and at their hand for this Parricide he died Governour of Gloucester and a great Commander in the North. * Richard Dean Colonel and General at Sea where he was slain by a Cannon-shot standing by the Renowned General Monk his Colleague This person was formerly a Hoymans servant in Ipswich and when the War began was a Matross in the Train of Artillery and role to a Captains Command therein and was famous first at the Siege of Exeter being a cross Fellow was thought fit to be one of Cromwels Complices to execute his Plots against his Sovereigns life * Francis Allen once a Gold-smith in Fleet-street where he leapt into a pretty Estate by marrying his Mistress was chose a Recruit of the Long Parliament and adhered to the Juncto for their admission of him was made one of the Treasurers at War a Customer and had Crone-house given him and held it in Capite Regis after that Murther was made one of the Committees for sale of his Majesties Lands c. * Peregrine Pelham a Yorkshire Tike not of the Sussex-Family a kind of Governour of Hull after Hotham the dutiful carriage of which place taught him afterwards this Trayterous deportment in the High Court of Justice * Iohn Moor formerly Colonel of the Guards and had the benefit of all Passes from London * Iohn Allured a Souldier of Fortune promoted for his hand in this Villany to be a Colonel died just before his Majesties Restitution * Humphry Edwards a Member of the Long-Parliament discontented against the King for being denied by him a Preferment he deserved not which rankled and feâ—red him into this malicious Parricide * Sir Gregory Norton a poor Knight one of the Pensioners to the King had Richmond-Mannor and House as good as given him for this Service against his good Master and Sovereign * Iohn Ven a broken Silk-man in Cheap-side made Governour of Windsor-Castle in the beginning of the War and had other profits and emoluments It is credibly reported that he hanged himself certain it is he died strangely and suddenly * Thomas Andrews a Linnen-draper in London afterwards a Treasurer for the Guild-hall Plate and Receiver for the Army he afterwards proclaimed the Act against Kingly Government and very narrowly prevented Justice * Anthony Stapely a Sussex Gentleman and Colonel and Governour of Chichester strangely wrought into this wicked Conspiracie * Thomas Horton a Recruit to the Long-Parliament of so mean and unknown a Quality before St. Fagons-Fight that that 's all the Character can be given him here * Iohn Fry another Recruit to the Long-Parliament a Yeoman and Committee-man of Dorsetshire he proved an Arrian in Print which Colonel Downs charged him with and so no wonder he that dar'd deny the Divinity of Christ was so cruelly Traiterous to the Majesty of his Prince * Thomas Hammond Son to Prince Henry's Physitian who most ungratefully and disloyally was the Kings Jaylor and verified that sad Presage and Oracle of the King That there are but few steps between the Prisons and Graves of Princes to the great trouble of his most Loyal and Learned Brother Dr. Henry Hammond the Kings beloved Chaplain * Isaack Pennington Lord Mayor of London two years together against the Kings express Command from Oxford a most implacable Rebel yet for all the spoil he got broke twice and hop'd to make good all by the death of his Sovereign since his Imprisonment he died in the Tower * Simon Meyne a Buckingham-shire-man of a good Estate but an illegal Recruit of the Long-Parliament a great Committee-man and Sequestrator of other mens Estates and being so initiated thought it no great matter to assist in this business of the Kings life since his Imprisonment he died in the Tower These of the Kings Iudges marked with ¶ are such as are in Prison in the Tower of London and elsewhere and are under Sentence of Death to be Executed at the pleasure of the King and Parliament ¶ Sir Hardress Waller a Souldier of Fortune once a Cavalier in Judgment then a Presbyterian upon the new Model an Independent where finding the uncontroulable sweetness of Pay and likeliness of greater Spoils he was hardned into this Conspiracie against the King and mastered his hopes of Wealth in Ireland being Major-General he was a prisoner in the Tower of London and confessed and deprecated his crime ¶ William Heveningham Esquire a Gentleman of the fairest Estate and as Gentile and Ancient a Family as any in Suffolk To keep ill Company is the way to be wicked Other causes and inducements to this horrid action are not publique and I will not dive further ¶ Col. Henry Marten Son of Sir Henry Marten Judge of the Perrogative-Court a most lewd vicious and infamous person who first spoke Treason against the King and his Family in the House of Commons and was in complement committed and suspended There was no question but he would act what he spoke when the power thereof was in his fellow-Traytors hands ¶ Owen Row a Silk-man of London a constant Commander in the Independent Militia thereof and so trained up to the perpetration of this wickedness ¶ Augustine Garland a Recruit of the Long-Parliament for the Borough of Quinborough in Kent in 1647. Chair-man of the Committee that drew up the pretended Act for the Kings Trial as rare a Blade as the worst of them at the spoil of the Kingdom a Lawyer and suspected to have spit in the Kings Face at his Trial. ¶ Henry Smith a Lawyer but a mean one of a fair Estate in Leicestershire 40 which was added as the hire of this villany a Six Clerks place in Cancery supposed to be drawn in and complicated in this Guilt ¶ Robert Titchbourn a Linnen-draper
of good City-Extraction a Colonel made by Fairfax Lieutenant of the Tower for a while Lord Mayor of London and one of the infamous Triers of his Sovereign the meritorious service oâ— all his preferments and greatness ¶ Col. George Fleetwood of Buckingham-shire Kinsman to Sir Miles Master of the Kings Court of Wards and Brother to Sir William a very Loyal and honest Gentleman and to Charles Fleetwood a very Knave and Fool. ¶ Iames Temple of Sussex Colonel came in to this pack for his share of the spoil a man remarkable for nothing but this horrid business ¶ Thomas Wait a Râ—tlâ—ndshire-man a Recruit to the Parliament chosen by the Armes influence and from a mean person made by them Governour of Burleigh by which means he became engaged to their Interests and Designes ¶ Peter Temple formerly a Linnen-drapers apprentice in Friday-street but his elder Brother dying forsook his Trade and was possest of some 400 pounds a year in Leicestershire was as a Recruit chosen Burgess for that County-town as Colleague to Sir Arthur Haslerig made a Captain of Horse and a great Committee-man but of very weak parts and easie to be led where the hopes and promises of profit guided him yet got nothing though a constant Rumper being fooled by Oliver into the snare as he hath often confessed it ¶ Robert Lilburn of the Bishoprick of Durham Brother of Iohn Lilburn the Trouble-world sided formerly with Cromwel and was through-paced to his Interests though another Brother repented and would have kept Tinmouth-castle for the King when Iohn fell off upon a Model of his own A Colonel of Horse he was made a while before this Regicide and so ran fearlesly into the danger of it ¶ Gilbert Millington a Lawyer and constant Chair-man of the Committee for plundered Ministers the sweets of which Imployment set his Teeth on edge and sharpned him to this cruel attempt upon his Sovereigns life ¶ Vincent Potter a Recruit of the said Long-Parliament a Mushroom-Member so suddenly sprung up and from such ignoâ—e Relations that the only knowledge of him came by this infamous Murder ¶ Iohn Downes formerly a Citizen then a Colonel in the Army and a Recruit to the Parliament and by menaces and threats engaged in this fatal business he would have opposed the violence that carried it but was over-born himself his Allegeance and Conscience being over-awed by Cromwel These of the Kings Iudges marked with ‖ are those that fled the Kingdome upon His Majesties Return ‑ Thomas Wogan a recruit likewise to the Parliament had his lesson set him upon his procured Election that he was to endeavour the Ruine of the Kingdom for his share in it and to destroy the King to become himself one of our Princes in the Anarchy ‑ Iohn Lisle a Gentleman and a Lawyer bred was born of a good Family who had a fair Patrimony in the Isle of Wight whose Father dyed there during the Treaty a severe and supercilious person clouded always with pretences of Religion and Common-wealth Interest The very picture of a male-content and by his countenance the counterfeit of Guy Fauks his Dark-lanthorn directed to this conspiracy For his service done herein he was made one of the Commissioners of the new Great Seal Master of Saint Crosses a place onely fit for a Divine worth 800 per annum in place of a reverend Doctor for which preferments he became obliged to the Blood-sucking State to assume the Scarlet Robes and the as deep dyed guilt of Iohn Bradshaw and be President to all the High Courts of Justice during the Usurpation the last effects of his sanguinous violence being the death of Sir Henry Slingsby Doctor Hewit and others of lesser quality He fled upon the return of the King and not long after fell himself by the hand of Violence ‑ William Say Esquire a Member also of the Long Robe and a well-practised but ill counselled Lawyer who for the Fee of this wicked combination had Liberty to get what he could being foysted in as one of the illegal recruits of the Long-Parliament He sate in the Chair of the Scorner when Lenthall the Speaker was sick of the sullens for ten days upon the approach of General Monke and gave himself the Thanks of the House while three Kingdoms gave him their Curses He is relatively good by a Brother now living Fellow of Oriel-Colledge in Oxford for whose sake I will speak no more of him till Justice finde him for he is fled ‑ Col. Valentine Walton whose first remarque was the marriage of Cromwel's Sister by whose awe and command he was made by the Parliament Governour of Lyn and Bashaw of the Isle of Ely which place he had fortified if before Cromwel could have compleated his designe he had been forced thither He hath escaped hitherto but remains in the list of the Fugitives of that tribe ‑ Col. Edward Whalley once a Wollen-draper descended from a Family in Nottingham-shire but decaying left the Ell and took up the Spear and from our first Troubles continued in them till he rose to be Commissary-General of the Horse These advantages taught him first to betray the King at Hampton-Court under pretence of affection when he made him fly to the Isle of Wight and to murder him afterwards without any scruple He is fled also ‑ Edmund Ludlow whose Father was a Traytor before him and uttered Treasonable words against the King in the House of Commons in 1643. which were afterwards accomplished by his Son in this unparallell'd Fact who by several gradations in the Parliament and Army came to be a Lieutenant-General and one of the chief Commissioners for Ireland ‑ Sir Michael Livesey a person of an undone reputation and Estate in Kent whose Plunder-Master-General he was in the progress of the War a fit person for the employment Dignum patella operculum ‑ Iohn Hewson a broken Shoo-maker or Cobler who by degrees rose to be a Colonel a Fellow fit for any mischief and capable of nothing else as his story will declare and therefore no wonder that he was a partaker in this impiety He is since dead in Exile and was buried by report at Amsterdam ‑ William Goffe a Salters Apprentice run from his Master into the Army and by his boldness was notified to the Grandees thereof who liking of his humour preferred him and served themselves with his company in this flagitious crime ‑ Cornelius Holland a Servant to Sir Henry Vane and preferred by him to the Green-cloth in the Kings Houshould His Father was a poor man and dyed a Prisoner in the Fleet but this Fellow got a vast Estate by his disloyalty against a good Master whom he not onely robbed but murthered ‑ Thomas Challoner a great Republican and Enemy to the King his Family and Government since he knew what it was the great Speech-maker against him
being delivered to the Clerk of the Court the President ordered it should be read but the King bid him hold Nevertheless being commanded by the President to read it the Clerk begun The Charge being read which for its falshood and Treasonable impudence is purposely omitted as imputing to the King the Blood spilt by his presence in several Fights The President replyed Sir you have heard your Charge read c. The Court expects your Answer King I would know by what power I am called hither I was not long ago in the Isle of Wight how I came there is a longer story than I think is fit at this time for me to speak of but there I entred into a Treaty with both Houses of Parliament with as much publike faith as 't is possible to be had of any people in the World I Treated there with a number of Honourable Lords and Gentlemen and Treated honestly and uprightly I cannot say but they did very nobly with me we were upon a concluâ—ion of the Treaty Now I would know by what Authority I mean lawful there are many unlawful Authorities in the world Theeves and Robbers by the high ways but I would know by what Authority I was brought from thence and carried from place to place and I know not what and when I know by what lawful Authority I shall answer Remember I am your King and what sins you bring upon this Land Think well upon it I say think well upon it before you go further from one sin to a greater therefore let me know by what lawful Authority I am seated here and I shall not be unwilling to Answer in the mean time I shall not betray my Trust. I have a Trust committed to me by God by old and lawful descent I will not betray it to Answer to a new and unlawful Authority therefore resolve me that and you shall hear more of me President If you had been pleased to have observed what was hinted to you by the Court at your first coming hither you would have known by what Authority which Authority requires you in the name of the people of England of which you are Elected King to answer them King No Sir I deny that President If you acknowledg not the Authority of the Court they must proceed King I do tell them so England was never an Elective Kingdom but an Hereditary Kingdom for neer these thousand years therefore let me know by what Authority I am called hither I do stand more for the Liberty of my people than any here that come to be my pretended Judges and therefore let me know by what lawful Authority I am seated here and I will Answer it otherwise I will not Answer it President Sir how really you have managed your Trust is known your way of Answer is to interrogate the Court which beseems not you in this condition You have been told of it twice or thrice King Here is a Gentleman Lieutenant-Colonel Cobbet ask him if he did not bring me from the Isle of Wight by force I do not come here as submitting to the Court I will stand as much for the priviledge of the House of Commons rightly understood as any man here whatsoever I see no House of Lords here that may constitute a Parliament and the King too should have been Is this the bringing of the King to his Parliament Is this the bringing an end to the Treaty in the Publike faith of the world Let me see a legal Authority warranted by the Word of God the Scriptures or warranted by the Constitutions of the Kingdom and I will Answer President Sir You have propounded a Question and have been Answered seeing you will not Answer the Court will consider how to proceed in the mean time those that brought you hither are to take charge of you back again The Court desires to know whether this he all the Answer you will give or no King Sir I would desire that you would give me and all the world satisfaction in this let me tell you it is not a slight thing you are about I am sworn to keep the Peace by that duty I owe to God and my Country and I will do it to the last breath of my Body and therefore you shall do well to satisfie first God and then the Country by what Authority you do it if you do it by an usurped Authority that will not last long There is a God in Heaven that will call you and all that give you Power to an account satisfie me in that and I will Answer otherwise I betray my Trust and the Liberties of the people and therefore think of that and then I shall be willing For I do avow that it is as great a sin to withstand lawful Authority as it is to submit to a Tyrannical or any other ways unlawful Authority and therefore satisfie God and me and all the World in that and you shall receive my Answer I am not afraid of the Bill President The Court expects you should give them a final Answer their purpose is to adjourn till Monday next if you do not satisfie your self though we do tell you our Authority we are satisfied with our Authority and it is upon Gods Authority and the Kingdoms and that Peace you speak of will be kept in the doing of Iustice and that 's our present work King Let me tell you if you will shew me what lawful Authority you have I shall be satisfied But what you have hitherto said satisfies no reasonable man President That 's in your apprehension we think it reasonable that are your Iudges King 'T is not my apprehension nor yours neither that ought to decide it President The Court hath heard you and you are to be disposed of as they have commanded Two things were remarkable in this days proceedings It is observed That as the Charge was reading against the King the silver head of his staff fell off the which he wondered at and seeing none to take it up he stoop'd for it himself and put it in his pocket The other that the people as the King went out cried aloud and shouted God save the King while the weaker noise of hired and commanded Souldiers cried out Iustice and Execution at Colonel Axtels Threats and Bastinadoes At the High Court of Iustice sitting in Westminster-Hall Monday January 22. 1648. Upon the Kings coming a shout was made Sollicitor May it please your Lordship my Lord President I did at the last Court in the behalf of the Commons of England exhibit and give into this Court a Charge of High Treason and other High Crimes against the Prisoner at the Bar c. My humble Motion to this High Court is That the Prisoner may be directed to make a positive Answer or else the Charge may be taken pro confesso and the Court may proceed according to Justice President Sir You may remember at
the last Court you were told the occasion of your being brought hither c. you were then pleased to make some scruples concerning the Authority of this Court c. Since that the Court hath taken into consideration what you then said they are fully satisfied with their own Authority and they hold it fit you should stand satisfied with it too and they do require it that you do give a positive and particular Answer to this Charge that is exhibited against you they do expect you should either confess or deny it if you deny it it is offered in the behalf of the Nation to be made good against you their Authority they do avow to the whole world that the whole Kingdom are to rest satisfied in and you are to lose no more time but to give a positive Answer thereunto King When I was here last 't is true I made that Question and truly if it were onely my own particular case I would have satisfied my self with the Protestation I made the last time I was here against the Legality of this Court and that a King cannot be tried by any Superiour Jurisdiction on Earth but it is not my case alone it is the Freedom and Liberty of the people of England and do you pretend what you will I stand more for their Liberties For of Power without Law may make Laws may alter the Fundamental Laws of the Kingdom I do not know what Subject he is in England that can be sure of his Life or any thing that he calls his own therefore when I came here I did expect particular Reasons to know by what Law what Authority you did proceed against me here and therefore I am a little to seek what to say to you in this particular because the Affirmative is proved the Negative often is very hard to do but since I cannot perswade you to do it I shall tell you my Reasons as short as I can My Reasons why in Conscience and the duty I owe to God first and my people next for the preservation of their Lives Liberties and Estates I conceive I cannot answer this till I be satisfied of the legality of it All proceedings against any man whatsoever President Sir I must interrupt you which I would not do but that what you do is not agreable to the proceedings of any Court of Iustice you are about to enter into Argument and Dispute concerning the Authority of this Court before whom you appear as a Prisoner and are Charged as a Delinquent if you take upon you to dispute the Authority of the Court we may not do it nor will any Court give way unto it you are to submit unto it you are to give in a punctual and direct Answer whether you will Answer to your Charge or no and what your Answer is King Sir by your favour I do not know the forms of Law I do know Law and Reason though I am no Lawyer professed yet I know as much Law as any Gentleman in England and therefore under favour I do plead for the Liberties of the people of England more than you do and therefore if I should impose a belief upon any man without Reasons give for it it were unreasonable but I must tell you That by that Reason that I have as thus informed I cannot yield unto it President Sir I must interrupt you you may not be permitted you speak of Law and Reason and there is both against you Sir the Vote of the Commons of England Assembled in Parliament it is the Reason of the Kingdom and they are those two that have given that Law according to which you should have Ruled and Reigned Sir you are not to dispute our Authority you are told it again by the Court. Sir it will be taken notice of that you stand in contempt of the Court and your contempt will be recorded accordingly King I do not know how a King can be a Delinquent not by any Law that ever I heard of all men Delinquents or what you will let me tell you they may put in Demurrers against any proceedings as legal and I do demand that and demand to be heard with my Reasons if you deny that you deny Reason President Sir you have offered something to the Court I shall speak something unto you of the sense of the Court Sir neither you nor any man are permitted to dispute that point you are concluded you may not Demur to the Iurisdiction of the Court if you do I must let you know that they over-rule your Demurrer they sit here by the Authority of the Commons of England and all your Predecessors and you are responsible to them King I deny that shew me one precedent President Sir you ought not to interrupt while the Court is speaking to you this point is not to be debated by you neither will the Court permit you to do it if you offer it by way of Demurrer to the Iurisdiction of the Court they have considered of their Iurisdiction they do affirm their own Iurisdiction King I say Sir by your favour that the Commons of England was never a Court of Judicature I would know how they came to be so President Sir you are not to be permitted to go on in that speech and these Discourses Then the Clerk of the Court read as followeth Charles Stuart King of England You have been accused on the behalf of the people of England of High Treason and other high Crimes the Court have determined that you ought to Answer the same King I will Answer the same as soon as I know by what Authority you do this President If this be all that you will say then Gentlemen you that brought the Prisoner hither take charge of him back again King I do require that I may give in my Reasons why I do not Answer and give me time for that President Sir 'T is not for Prisoners to require King Prisoner Sir I am not an ordinary Prisoner President The Court hath considered of their Iurisdiction and they have already affirmed their Iurisdiction if you will not Answer we shall give order to Record your default King You never heard my Reasons yet President Sir your Reasons are not to be heard against the highest Iurisdiction King Shew me that Jurisdiction where Reason is not to be heard President Sir we shew it you here the Commons of England and the next time you are brought you will know more the pleasure of the Court and it may be their final determination King Shew me wherever the House of Commons was a Court of Judicature of that kind President Serjeant take away the Prisoner King Well Sir remember that the King is not suffered to give his Reasons for the Liberty and Freedom of all his Subjects President Sir you are not to have liberty to use this Language how great a friend you have been to the Laws and Liberties
of the people let all England and the World Iudge King Sir under favour it was the Liberty Freedom and Laws of the Subject that ever I took defended my self with Arms I never took up Arms against the people but for my people and the Laws President The command of the Court must be obeyed no answer will be given to the Charge King Well Sir Then the President ordered the default to be recorded and the contempt of the Court and that no Answer would be given to the Charge And so the King was guarded forth to Sir Robert Cotton's house Then the Court adjourned to the Painted-chamber on Tuesday at twelve a clock and from thence they adjourned again to Westminster-hall at which time all persons concerned were to give their attendance At the High Court of Iustice sitting in Westminster-hall Tuesday January 23. 1648. O yes made Silence commanded The Court called seventy three persons present The King came in with his Guard looking with an austere countenance upon the Court and sate down Cook Sollicitor-General May it please your Lordship my Lord President This is now the third time that by the great grace and favour of this high Court the Prisoner hath been brought to the Bar before any Issue joyned in the Cause My Lord I did at the first Court Exhibit a Charge against him c. My Lord after this great delay of Justice I shall now humbly move your Lordship for speedy Judgment against him My Lord I might press your Lordship upon the whole according to the known Rules of the Law of the Land That if a Prisoner shall stand as contumacious in contempt and shall not put in an Issuable Plea Guilty or not Guilty of the Charge given against him whereby he may come to a fair Tryal that as by an implicite Confession it may be taken pro confesso as it hath been done to those who have deserved more fâ—vour than the Prisoner at the Bar has done but besides my Lord I shall humbly press your Lordship upon the whole Fact The House of Commons the supreme Authority and Jurisdiction of the Kingdom they have Declared that it is notorious that the matter of the Charge is true as it is in truth my Lord as clear as Crystal and as the Sun that shines at Noon-day which if your Lordship and the Court be not satisfied in I have notwithstanding on the People of Englands behalf several Witnesses to produce And thereâ—ore I do humbly pray and yet I must confess it is not so much I as the â—nnocent Blood that hath been shed the cry whereof is very great for Justice and Judgement and therefore I do humbly pray that speedy Judgement be pronounced against the prisoner at the Bar. President Sir you have heard what is moved by the Counsel on the behalf of the Kingdom against you Sir you may well remember and if you do not the Court cannot forget what Dilatory dealings the Court hath found at your hands You were told that it was not for you nor any other man to dispute the Jurisdiction of the Supreme and highest Authority of England from which there is no appeal and touching which there must be no dispute yet you did persist in such carriage as you gave no manner of obedience nor did you acknowledge any Authority in them nor the High Court that constituted this Court of Justice Sir I must let you know from the Court that they are very sensible of these delays of yours and that they ought not being thus Authorized by the Supreme Court of England to be thus trifled withal and that they might in Iustice if they pleased and according to the Rules of Iustice take advantage of the delays and proceed to pronounce Iudgement against you yet nevertheless they are pleased to give direction and on their behalfs I do require you that you make a positive Answer unto this Charge that is against you Sir in plain terms for Iustice knows no respect of persons you are to give your positive and final Answer in plain English whether you be Guilty or not Guilty of these Treasons laid to your charge The King after a little pause said When I was here yesterday I did desire to speak for the Liberties of the people of England I was interrupted I desire to know yet whether I may speak freely or not President Sir you have heard the resolution of the Court upon the like Question the last day and you were told that having such a Charge of so high a Nature against you and your Work was that you ought to acknowledge the Iurisdiction of the Court And to Answer to your Charge Sir if you Answer to your Charge which the Court gives you leave now to do though they might have taken the advantage of your contempt yet if you be able to Answer to your Charge when you have once Answered you shall be heard at large make the best Defence you can But Sir I must let you know from the Court at their commands that you are not to be permitted to issue out into other discourses till such time as you have given a positive Answer concerning the Matter that is Charged upon you King For the Charge I value it not a Rush it is the Liberty of the People of England that I stand for for me to acknowledge a new Court that I never heard of before I that am your King that should be an example to all the people of England to uphold Justice to maintain the old Laws indeed I do not know how to do it you spoke very well the first day that I came here on Saturday of the Obligations that I had laid upon me by God to the maintenance of the Liberties of my people The same Obligation you spake of I do acknowledge to God that I owe to Him and to my people to defend as much as in me lies the antient Laws of the Kingdom therefore until I may â—now that this is not against the Fundamental Laws of the Kingdom by your fâ—voâ—r I can put in no particular Answer If you will give me time I will then shew you my Reasons why I cannot do it and this Here being interrupted he said Bâ— your favour you ought not to interrupt me how I came here I know noâ— thâ—re's no Law for it to make your King your Prisoner I was lately in a Treaty up on the publike Faith of the Kingdom that was the known the two Houses of Parliament that was the Representative of the Kingdom and when that I had almost made an end of the Treaty then I was hurried away and brought hither and therefore Here the President interrupted him and said Sir you must know the pleasure of the Court. King By your favour Sir President Nay Sir by your favour you may not be permitted to fall into these discourses you appear as a Delinquent you have not acknowledged
the Authority of the Court the Court craves it not of you and once more they command you to give your positive Answer Clerk do your Duty King Duty Sir The Clerk reads Charles Stuart King of England you are accused in the behalf of the Commons of England of divers high Crimes and Treasons which Charge hath been read unto you the Court now requires you to give your positive and final Answer by way of confession or denial of the Charge King Sir I say again to you So that I might give satisfaction to the people of England of the clearness of my proceedings not by way of Answer not in this way but to satisfie them that I have done nothing against that Trust that hath been committed to me I would do it but to acknowledge a new Court against their Priviledges to alter the Fundamental Laws of the Kingdom Sir you must excuse me President Sir this is the third time that you have publikely disowned the Court and put an affront upon it how far you have preserv'd the Priviledges of the People your Actions have spoke it but truly Sir mens intentions ought to be known by their Actions you have written your meaning in bloody Characters throughout the whole Kingdom but Sir you understand the pleasure of the Court. Clerk Record the default and Gentlemen you that took charge of the Prisoner take him back again King I will onely say this one word to you If it were onely my own particular I would not say any more nor interrupt you President Sir you have heard the pleasure of the Court and you are notwithstanding you will not understand it to finde that you are before a Court of Iustice. Then the King went forth with his Guard and Proclamation was made that all persons who had then appeared and had further to do at the Court might depart into the Painted-Chamber to which place the Court did forthwith adjourn and intended to meet in Westminster-hall by ten of the Clock the next morning Cryer God bless the Kingdom of England His Majesties Reasons against the pretended Iurisdiction of the High Court of Iustice which he intended to have delivered in writing on Monday January 22. 1648. But was not permitted HAving already made my Protestations not onely against the illegality of this pretended Court but also that no earthly Power can justly call Me who am your King in question as a Delinquent I would not any more open my Mouth upon this occasion more than to refer my self to what I have spoken were I in this case alone concerned But the duty I owe to God in the preservation of the true Liberty of my People will not suffer me at this time to be silent For how can any free-born Subject of England call life or any thing he possesseth his own if Power without Right may daily make new and abrogate the old Fundamental Law of the Land which I now take to be the present case VVherefore when I came hither I expected that you would have endeavoured to have satisfied me concerning these grounds which hinder me to answer to your pretended Impeachment but since I see that nothing I can say will move you to it though Negatives are not so naturally proved as Affirmatives yet I will shew you the Reasons why I am confident you cannot Judge me nor indeed the meanest man in England for I will not like you without shewing a Reason seek to impose a belief upon my Subjects There is no proceeding just against any man but what is warranted either by Gods Laws or the Municipal Laws of the Country where he lives Now I am most confident this days proceeding cannot be warranted by Gods Law for on the contrary the Authority of obedience unto Kings is clealy warranted and strictly commanded both in the Old and New Testaments which if denied I am ready instantly to Prove and for the Question now in hand there it is said That where the word of a King is there is Power and who may say unto him What doest thou Eccles. 8.4 Then for the Law of this Land I am no less confident that no learned Lawyer will affirm that an Impeachment can lie against the King they all going in His Name and one of their Maximes is That the King can do no wrong Besides the Law upon which you ground your proceedings must either be Old or New if Old shew it if New tell what Authority warranted by the Fundamental Laws of the Land hath made it and when But how the House of Commons can erect a Court of Iudicature which was never one it self as is well known to all Lawyers I leave to God and the world to Iudge And it were full as strange that they should pretend to make Laws without King or Lords House to any that have heard speak of the Laws of England And admitting but not granting that the People of Englands Commission could grant your pretended Power I see nothing you can shew for that for certainly you never asked the question of the tenth man in the Kingdom and in this way you manifestly wrong even the poorest Plow-man if you demand not his free consent nor can you pretend any colour for this your pretended Commission without the Consent at least of the major part of every man in England of whatsoever quality or Condition which I am sure you never went about to seek so far are you from having it Thus you see that I speak not for my own right alone as I am your King but also for the true Liberty of all my Subjects which consists not in the power of Government but in living under such laws such a Government as may give themselves the best assurance of their lives and propriety of their goods Nor in this must or do I forget the Priviledges of both Houses of Parliament which this days proceedings do not onely violate but likewise occasion the greatest breach of their publike Faith that I believe ever was heard of with which I am far from charging the two Houses for all the pretended Crimes laid against me bear date long before this late Treaty at Newport in which I having concluded as much as in me lay and hopefully expecting the Houses agreement thereunto I was suddenly surpriz'd and hurried from thence as a Prisoner upon which account I am against my will brought hither where since I am come I cannot but to my power defend the antient Laws and Liberties of this Kingnom together with my own just Rights Then for any thing I can see the Higher House is totally excluded and for the House of Commons it is too well known that the major part of them are detained or deterred from sitting so as if I 'had no other this were sufficient Reason for me to protest against the Lawfulness of your pretended Court. Besides all this the Peace of the Kingdom is not the least of
God knows I do not desire to know I pray God forgive them But this is not all my charitie must go further I wish that they may repent for in â—eed they have committed a great sin in that particular I pray God with St. Stephen that this be not laid to their charge And withâ—â— that they may take the way to the Peace of the Kingdom for my charitie commands me not onely to forgive particular men but to endeavour to the last gasp the Peace of the Kingdom So Sirs I do wish with all my soul I see there are some here that will carry it further that they endeavour the Peace of the Kingdom Sirs I must shew you both how you are out of the way and put you in a way First You are out of the way for certainly all the ways you ever had yet as far as I could finde by any thing is in the way of Conquest certainly this is an ill way for Conquest in my Opinion is never just except there be a just and good cause either for matter of wrong or a just Title and then if ye go beyond the first quarrel that ye have that makes it unjust at the end that was just at first for if there be onely matter of Conquest then it is a great Robbery as a Pirate said to Alexander That he was a great Robber himself was but a petty Robber And so Sirs I think for the way that you are in you are much out of the way Now Sirs to put you in the way believe it you shall never go right nor God will never prosper you until you give God his due the King his due that is my Successor and the people their due I am as much for them as any of you You must give God his due by regulating rightly his Church according to the Scripture which is now out of order And to set you in a way particularly now I cannot but onely this A National Synod freely called freely debating among themselves must settle this When every Opinion is freely heard For the King indeed I will not the Laws of the Land will clearly instruct you for that therefore because it concerns mine own particular I onely give you a touch of it For the People truly I desire their Libertie and freedom as much as any body whomsoever But I must tell you that their Libertie and their freedom consist in having Government under those Laws by which their lives and theirs may be most their own it is not in having a share in the Government that is nothing pertaining to them A Subject and a Soveraign are clean different things and therefore until you do that I mean that you put the People into that Libertie as I say certainly they will never enjoy themselves Sirs it was for this that now I am come hither for if I would have given way to an Arbitrary way for to have all Laws changed according to the Power of the Sword I need not have come here and therefore I tell you and I pray God it be not laid to your charge that I am the MARTYR of the people In troath Sirs I shall not hold you any longer I will onely say this to you that I could have desired some little time longer because I would have put this what I have said a little better digested than I have done and therefore I hope you will excuse me I have delivered my Conscience I pray God you take those Courses that are best for the good of the Kingdome and your own Salvation Dr. Juxon Will your Majesty though your Majesties affections may be very well known to Religion yet it may be expected that you should say somewhat for the worlds satisfaction King I thank you very heartily my Lord for that I had almost forgotten it Introath Sirs My Conscience in Religion I think is very well known to all the world and therefore I declare before you all That I die a Christian according to the profession of the Church of England as I found it left me by my Father and this honest man I think will witness it Then turning to the Officers said Sirs excuse me for this same I have a good cause and I have a gracious God I will say no more Then turning to Colonel Hacker he said Take care they do not put me to pain and Sir this and it please you But then a Gentleman coming near the Ax the King said Take heed of the Ax pray take heed of the Ax. Then the King speaking to the Executioner said I shall say but very short prayers and when I thrust out my hands Then the King called to Doctor Iuxon for his Night-cap and having put it on he said to the Executioner Does my hair trouble you who desired him to put it all under his Cap which the King did accordingly by the help of the Executioner and the Bishop Then the King turning to Doctor Iuxon said I have a good Cause and a gracious God on my side Dr. Juxon There is but one Stage more this Stage is turbulent and troublesome it is a short one But you may consider it will soon carry you a very great way it will carry you from Earth to Heaven and there you will finde a great deal of cordial Ioy and Comfort King I go from a corruptible to an incorruptible Crown where no disturbance can be no disturbance in the world Dr. Juxon You are exchanged from a Temporary to an Eternal Crown a good exchange The King then said to the Executioner Is my hair well Then the King took off his Cloak and his George giving his George to Doctor Iuxon saying Remember Then the King put off his Doublet and being in his Wast-coat put his Cloak on again then looking upon the Block said to the Executioner You must set it fast Executioner It is fast Sir King When I put my hands out this way stretching them out then After that having said two or three words as he stood to himself with hands and eyes lift up Immediately stooping down he laid his Neck upon the Block and then the Executioner again putting his hair under his Cap the King thinking he had been going to strike said Stay for the Signe Executioner Yes I will and it please your Majesty And after a very little pause the King stretching forth his Hands the Executioner at one Blow severed his Head from his Body The Head being off the Executioner held it up and shewed it to the people which done it was with the Body put in a Coffin covered with Black Velvet for that purpose and conveyed into his Lodgings there And from thence it was carried to his House at Saint Iames's where his Body was Embalmed and put in a Coffin of Lead and laid there a fortnight to be seen by the people and on the Wednesday sevennight his Corps Embalmed and Coffined in
of Beaten Gold and Cromwel with 300 pounds worth of Plate and 200 pieces of Gold and great rejoycing there was and smiling too at this the Cities kindness whose Proclaiming of the Act for abolishing the Kingly power having touched before I think I am not obliged to the worth or worshipfulness of the matter to say any thing more of it here in its place but in lieu thereof will pleasure the Reader with a contra-aspect in this Archive and Premier Record of Englands being a Free-State Created by these Hogen Mogen words Be it Enacted and Declared by this present Parliament and by the Authority thereof that the People of England and all the Dominions and Territories thereunto belonging are and shall be and are hereby Constituted Made and Declared a Commonwealth and Free-State and shall so be Governed by the Supreme Authority the Representatives of the people in Parliament and by such as they shall constitute as Officers for the good of the people and that without any King Single Person or House of Lords And for the Honour and Grace of this Free-State a new Mace was now made and brought to be Consecrated in the House wrought with Flowers instead of the Cross and on the bottome and the top the Arms of England and Ireland which was so well liked that they ordered all the Maces in England should be made after that pattern But that which they did most like a Free-State was giving and bounteously bestowing Estates upon one another for besides smaller Rents and lesser Sums kindly squandered and reciprocated among the Journey-men by themselves no less than 4000 a year was given to Fairfax out of the Duke of Bukingham's Revenues the Lord Cottington's Estate to Bradshaw and so to other their deserving Favorites And to requite the City for their civility of the late Treatment and to engage them at a pinch New-park with all the Deer therein was liberally conferred upon them to hold it in Common Soccage from any body a very excellent Tenure and Title Great givers must be great receivers and therefore besides their former Act of selling the Kings Houshold-goods which was pretended to satisfie his Debts but such Creditors as ventured upon them found them dear pennyworths not onely in conclusion but for the present being rated and prized so unreasonably that 100 l. in goods would not yield above ten in money There came out an Act for the sale of Deans and Chapters Lands the product whereof though encumbred with Debentures amounted to a clear account of incredible sums and another for the sale of the Mannors Houses Lands and Forrests of the King Queen or Prince but White-hall for that it was the residence of my Lords the Committee of Estates Saint Iames's and Windsor-Castle were by them excepted and Cromwel for a pleasant retreat for his future greatness saved Hampton-Court and Greenwich and the French-Church having obtained the use of the Chappel of Somerset-house rescued that likewise from sale because the Purchasers could not build upon the ground with any conveniencie if that were not demolished But the grand money-making Act the very Mint of their Commonwealth was an Act of the 7th of April for 90000 l. a Month which rose higher afterwards though in the middle of the War it was never more than 56000 and there were three Armies in pay but it seems the good Husbands had accounted and then published it that the Monthly charge was 160000 pound and that the standing force amounted to 40000 men in England and Ireland About this time several Inland Castles were demolished as Winchester Lancaster Belvoir Nottingham c. and some reparations made to the several Proprietors It will be requisite now to enquire what and how the King doth since we left him at the Hague while his Rebels rant it away in such ample manner and carry all before them 'T is true he wanted not a Kingdom being lookt upon by the people of those Vnited Provinces with the same respect as if he were their Soveraign nor did they â—ail of giving manifest demonstration thereof His Fathers Death was with all State Condoled and his ascent to the Throne Gratulated and that moreover both by the Swedish and Danish Embassadors then resident at that Court especially the Prince of Aurange by his respects and observance obliged all persons to the reverence of his Person as if no such misfortunes had befallen him nor could any thing but a vertuous tempered minde amidst such caresses and Honours been sensible of so sudden so dis-regarded and discountenanced adversity To better also his condition as to his Kingdoms came forth several defences of his Authority in several Treatises especially that of Salmasius called The Royal Defence which one Milton since stricken with blindness cavilled at who wrote also against that imcomparable Book and Remains of King Charles the Martyr about this time produced to light though endeavoured by all means to be supprest called Eikon Basilike in an impudent and Blasphemous Libel called Iconoclastes since deservedly burnt by the Common Executionâ—r doth justly challenge to be here Registred Thus He triumpht by the Pen and great were the expectations of his like success by the Sword Scotland being wholely his and Ireland vâ—ry neer reduced to the same obedience the affairs of both which Kingdoms calling him away He resolved to depart from this His long-continued abode and after mature consultations with the Princes His Allyes and His neerer Relations His disconsolate Mother then in France to determine to which Realm He should first betake Him but before His departure fell out this remarkable passage at His Court at the Hague One Doctor Dorislaus a Dutch-man and School-Master that fled his Country and here became a Civilian then pertainer to the University of Oxford and a Professor there but disappointed of his ambitious expectations in the beginning of the War became the Parliaments Judge-Advocate in their Army and at the expiration thereof by his acquaintance with Sir Henry Mildmay a great Enemy to though raised by the King at whose House in Essex he ordinarily played at Cards on Sundays was promoted to the Employment of drawing up that Charge against the King and the rather for that no Englishman durst finde or make a way to that illegal and unprecedented business After that perpetration he was thought the onely fit man to be sent over as an Envoy to his Country-men to prosecute the designs of that Fact which would look the handsomer to them by this their Subjects hand in it though he durst not have appâ—ard there but in the quality of a Forrain Minister He arrived there in May and the first night as he was at Supper there one Colonel Whitford a Scotch-man then attending the Kings Court with some twelve other Royalists regretting and disdaining the affront done to the King by the impudent boldness of this Fâ—llows address in the Face of His Majesty entred his Lodging
and with a broad Sword cleaved his Head and killed him suffering his Pagâ— to escape but by a mistake wounding another Dutch-man for him at their 〈◊〉 coming in and having done the deed quietly departed and though the States pretended a Hue and Cry yet the people were generally well satisfied and applauded the Execution but our States here were outragiously mad and published a Paper wherein they imputed this Fact to the Royalists and upon the next occasion threatned to retaliate it upon those of that party then in their Hands yet Ascham their Agent and Envoy to Spain some time after with 〈◊〉 Interpreter Signour Riba was served in the same manner at his arrival at Madrid in his Inn by one Sparks and other English Merchants upon the same account Sparks fled to the Venetian Embassadors and thence to Sanctuary but by the subtile Don to curry with our Masters then dreadful to his Plate-trade and for othâ—r designed advantages was at their important instance taken thence and with all mens pitty and indignation at the meanness of the Spaniard thereafter Executed The King on the 15 of Iune departed from the Hague in company with his Sister and her Husband the Prince of Aurange in their Coach and came early to Rotterdam where the Burgers were in Arms and was Nobly received and saluted at his passing the Gates with all the Artillery and Ringing of the Bells and other signes of Joy and Honour though the English Company there durst not as of themselves give any particular proof thereof From thence to Dort where he was received in the same ample manner and then to Breda and so to Antwerp where by the Arch-Dukes order he was met and entertained with 〈…〉 and presented with a most splended Chariot with eight Horses 〈…〉 welcomed by the Marquess of Newcastle who had fixed 〈…〉 out of respect to the great Civility he found from that people 〈…〉 him Excise-free with other immunities and priviledges and 〈…〉 to Brussels whâ—re his Treatments were most Royally ordered as the Kâ—ng â—ftâ—rwâ—rds acknowledged for the most sumptuous magnificenâ—y and pâ—easing 〈◊〉 He ever met with and with the same grandeurs as if the King of Spain had received them himself which Amplitudes were observed throughout 〈◊〉 passage and at his departure thence the Duke of Lorrain gave him the like entertainment and conveyed him on his way to France where in Compâ—â—gne the French King accompanied with the most and chiefest of his Nobility received him with all the Testimonies of affection and Honour and brought him in State to Saint Germains to the Queen his Mother where we will leave him in Counsel with his surest and most beloved friends The Dutchess of Savoy his Aunt having made him an assignment of 50000 Crown a year and several the like proffers from others of his Family while His Brother the Duke of Gloâ—cester and the Princess Elizabeth were transferred from the Earl of Northumberland's to the care of the Countess of Leicester at Penshurst with the maintenance of 3000 a year which was afterwards lessened when they came into the custody of Anthony Mildmay at Carisbroke in the Isle of Wight there being a bold but credible rumour of a resolution of our States putting the Duke to a Merchant or some other Trade The Commonwealth of England was now wholâ—y busiâ—d about the affairs of Ireland which proving very desperate Colonel Monk lately dismist from his Imprisonment in the Toâ—er upon account of his service in this Kingdom having vowed 〈…〉 draw Sword against the King in England was ordered privately to jâ—yn 〈…〉 O Neal and Nuntio party the bloodiest of 〈◊〉 the Râ—bels to pâ—â—â—erve what was yet leâ—t the Parliament of which more hereafter and in the mean time all possible speed was made for the Expedition hencâ— money was mainly wanting and therefore the City was desired to lend â— 20000 l. upon the security of the Act of 90000 l. per mensem but that not proving satisfactory the Act for the sale 〈◊〉 Dean and Chapters-lands then greedily bought up by old Arrears Debentures and Doublings was offered and additional Acts for removing of Obstructions were passed and sums of money to be raised thereupon secured for the same Lieutenant-General Cromwel was complemented with the Command which aâ—ter some debate he accepted and was Voted Lord-Governour of Iâ—eland Fairfax yet continuing General in both Kingdoms Towards the second of Iuly most of the Army designed for that service was drawn to the Sea-side and Colonel Venables Regiment shipped over with some 1500 more which with Tuthills Regiment newly landed before made Iones the Governour of Dublin 7000 strong with which he attempted several times against the Marquess of Ormond with little and various success On the 13 of August Cromwel having passed to Bristol and by reason of cross weather compelled to go for his passage to Milford-Haven with a Fleet of 60 Dutch and English Bottoms set sail and the next day after landed at Dublin his whole Force with Iones now made his Lieutenant-General amounting to 15000 men It will be now very necessary to give an account of the state of that Kingdom and because it is the first atchievement of the New State it shall be rendred entire without any interfering affair though without any other Apology it will take up the most part of the remaining year The Relation whereof we have from an Actor and Eye-Witness there as he hath most elegantly and orderly laid it down worthy of all belief and even pleasant in the ruines he deplores who with many other Loyal English Gentry having escaped or left England to the barbarities of the Usurpation joyned with the more civiller Irish and pursued the Kings Cause in this another of his Kingdoms The Marquess of Ormond Lord-Lieutenant of that Kingdom being prest with the danger of a Siege from the Roman-Catholick-Confederates who had broken their League and Treaty with him had delivered Dublin as aforesaid in 1647. to the Parliaments Commissioners having articled for his free passing to the King and for those sums of money he had expended for the English Interest out of his own private purse when that Exchecquer was drained and accordingly having waited on the King while the Army carried him about with an account of his Actions passed into France whence about September 1648. the said Catholick Confederates perceiving a storm impending on them from England had by Letters to the King importuned His resending to them upon their Engagement and Protestation of plenary submission to his Majesties Authority and to him as his Lieutenant as being the onely fit qualified person for his Interest Birth and Relation to preside in that Nation His Lordship accordingly undertook the Commission and though all things promised fair by the agreement made with the Lord Inchiqueen who had had several successes against the Rebels and had joyned Forces with the said Confederates yet did the
ways remedy being constrained to humor and comply with that party as being a people so ticklish and unsteady that if disgusted might probably either side with Iones or retiring to their own Garrisons compel the Army to withdraw from Dublin by declaring themselves for the Parliament of which Grudge slightly hinted before Sir Thomas Armstronge and the Lord Moor being come in to the Lord Inchiqueen Colonel Mark Trevors that was but newly declared for the King having got notice of a choice party of O Neals sent to Dundalke to convey thence such Arms and Ammunition as Monke had undertaken to supply him withal invited the Lord Inchiqueen to intercept them who came so opportunely thither that he gained O Neals supply of Ammunition with the utter deâ—eat of his Party whereupon soon after the gaining of Drogheda which ensued immediately upon O Neales defeat Dundalke it self being summoned the Souldiers compelled Monke to a Surrender and themselves took Arms for the King Immediately after this defeat of his Party O Neale hastneth towards the Relief of Derry which was the onely Town in that Province untaken all the rest being already reduced by the Lord of Ards Sir George Monrâ— and Colonel Trevors who were now hindered onely by O Neales Army and the Siege of Derry from bringing up a considerable Body of Horse and Foot to the Leaguer of Dublin Where may be observed how great a prejudice the Faction of those men who desiring out of animosities and ends of their own to stave off O Neal and his party from the benefit of the Peace stood chaffering with him about his Command of 4000 or 6000 men and other trifles have done to the Kings service and to the whole Kingdom in depriving themselves thereby not onely of the forementioned assistance of the Scots but also of the possession of London-Derry together with so considerable an addition of Forces as O Neal could then have brought whereby not onely the whole Province of Vlster would have been secured to the King but Dublin it self either reduced or so strongly surrounded that it would have been impossible either for Iones to relieve himself or Cromwel to invade the Kingdom Which notwithstanding all these forementioned disadvantages was upon the matter even gained already and would have been entirely without any manner of question if it had fortuned that His Majesty had seasonably come thither himself in Person which by all parties was desired with infinite passion but especially by those whose prudence made them best able to Judge how effectual his presence would be not onely for the animating of his own Loyal Party but also suppressing of all Factious humours and uniting all Interests chearfully and unanimously to go on against the common Enemy which must soon have put a period to that War and made his Authority absolute in that Kingdom without dispute for as upon his arrival His Majesty should have found Munster entirely in the Irish and the Lord Inâ—hiqueens possession Vlster all reduced but the Fort of Culmore and Derry into the Hands of the Scots Connaght by the Marquess of Clanricards fortunate gaining the strong Fort of Slego with what else the Enemy had then remaining in that Province wholly cleared In Leinster nothing left for Rebellion to nestle in but Dublin and Ballisannon both which were so well attended upon that the Defendants had but little pleasure to air themselves without the circuit of their Works so by his coming he would undoubtedly have diverted Owen O Neal who would immediately have submitted unto the person of the King from relieving London-Derry and thereby have secured both that Town and Province with Dublin also as it is thought for they that had reason to know Iones's minde apprehended that his leaving the Kings party did proceed from a Pique â—â—â—her against the Lord-Lieutenant or Sir Robert Byron about a Lieutenant-Colonels place which was conferr'd over his head upon another and that then the Scene being altered in England and his old Friends out of Authority there his new terms with the Independents also yet unmade he himself would come over if the King had been there in person or if not yet his Party would have all deserted him and the work have been done one way or other that Kingdom wholly reduced without a blow all Factions as I said before extinguisht and his Majesty had had an Army of above 20000 men to have employed where he pleased After the taking in of Trim which followed soon upon the surrender of Dundalke the Lord Inchiqueen brings up his Forces now much improved in number to the Army before Dublin whereupon his Exellency leaving a part of his Army at Castleknock under the command of the Lord Dillon of Costelo a person of much Gallantry to keep them in on that side the Water removes his Camp to the other side the Town to distress the Enemy that way also Which whilst they are endeavouring to do upon intelligence that Cromwel was ready with an Army to Embark himself for Ireland and that he intended to land in Munster the Lord Inchiqueen thought if fit that he should with a good party of Horse go down into those parts to secure his Garrisons and provide for the worst His Lordship was no sooner gone but the Lord-Lieutenant designing to shut up the Enemy within his Works and quite impede as well their getting in Hay as the Grasing of their Cattel without their Line gave order to Patrick Purcell Major-General of the Irish Foot to march with a sufficient Party of men and an Engineer to Baggot-Rath there to possess himself of that place immediately and cast up such a Work as had been already designed Sir Wiliam Vaughan Commissary-General of the Horse had order likewise to draw together most part of the Troops that were on that side the Water and to keep them in a Body upon a large plowed Field looking towards the Castle of Dublin there to countenance the Foot while the Works were finishing and to secure them in case the Enemy out of the Town should attempt to interrupt them These were the Orders given but not executed for notwithstanding it did not much exceed a mile whither the Foot were to go yet through the ignorance or negligence of the Officers that were to conduct them many hours were spent ere they came at the place whither when they were come they found the Work so wretchlesly advanced by Master Welsh the Engineer and to help all themselves kept such negligent Guards that many judged it was done on purpose and that these neglects proceeded from those lurking seeds of discord between the Kings and the Nuntio's Parties For it is certain that about that time upon an apprehension that things went on too prosperously with the Lord Lieutenant there were Letters written to Owen O Neal about broaching a New War in case Dublin had been taken Whatever the grounds of these failings were the Enemy never stood to examine but
Enemy was now retired into his Garrisons that the weather was bitter and unfit for action the Winter being now come on or if it were not so that he had neither Meat nor Money wherewith to keep his men any longer together having since the Revolt of Munster which deprived him of the greatest share of his Contributions and Provisions been a long time already forced to live upon the spoil of the rest of the Country he concluded upon dispersing his Army into Quarters also which because the Principal Towns refused to admit them in he was fain to scatter over all the Kingdom The greatest part of the Vlster-Forces were sent into their own Province there to chuse a new General according as their conditions allowed them for Owen O Neal was dead and Luke Taafe with his men were sent back into Connaght to the Lord of Clanrickard The Lord Inchiqueen with the remainder of such as belonged unto him went over into the County of Clare the Lord Dillon with his into Meath and towards Athlone all the rest were scattered several ways onely Major-General Hugh O Neal was admitted with about 1600 Vlster-men into Clonmell as Governour and Kilkenny received also a competent Garrison to secure them against so ill Neighbours as both Rosse and Carrick were Here you may behold a summary of what past in the field since the Army first set forth until their going to their Winter-quarters in all which time how ill soever the success hath been nothing can with any colour of reason be laid to the Lord-Lieutenants charge except the not punishing those many Failings Treacheries and Disorders that were committed during this Summers Expedition Yet as to the disobedience and neglects in the Siege of Dublin I gave you Reasons why that was past over before and those that were committed since were for the most part by men of that condition and interest that it was neither safe nor fit all things considered to call them to an account As for Treacheries most of the Authors of them took care to secure themselves and in time get out of reach onely Crosby that betrayed Kingsale after he was designed to dye by the Lord-Lieutenant upon the Lord Inchiqueens coming to Town was I know not for what considerations reprieved and saved The want of money to pay the Souldiers and the exigences they were for the most part in after the mischance at Dublin did so much Authorize their disorders in the Country that if they had not been past by and connived at there had been no means of keeping them together So that I have many reasons to believe that notwithstanding the defeat at Dublin and success upon Drogheda Cromwel with all his great Army his Fleet and store of Money had been lost and sunk to nothing if the Castles of Wexford and Carrick had not been so foully given up nay and after that too if those Towns and Forces in Munster had not so treacherously Revolted Thus did the knavery and malice of a few steal away the Hearts of the generality of that undiscerning simple people from the Lord-Lieutenant few of them being able to judge at all of the Prudence and Integrity of his Conduct or to consider that the Army that was in the Field the foregoing Summer would have required four times the Contribution that was raised without leaving any surplus either to be hoarded up or sent beyond Seas From which his Excellency was so far that on the other side he frequently offered to engage at a very low rate all that remained Unmorgaged of his Princely Estate for the support of the Army The Surrender of Dublin truly had been made unto the people of Ireland by the arts of those that were at that time in Government amongst them a most odious thing though those very persons knew well enough it was themselves and not the Lord-Lieutenant that was in the fault by twice foully violating their Publike Faith with him First in breaking a Peace made and solemnly published both at Dublin and Kilkenny the Respective seats of the Kings Lieutenant and the Council of the Confederates and in seconding that Act after having imprisoned the Lord Muskery Sir Robert Talbott Sir Lucas Dillon Master Brown Master Belings and the rest of their Supreme Council that had made the Peace and still stood honestly to what they had done with bringing their Armies before Dublin where having caused the burning and destruction of those quarters the Town it self must have been lost unto them it upon overture of a Treaty with the Parliament they had not sent Men and Supplies to rescue it And next in the breach of that solemn Engagement made between them and the Marquess of Clanrickard as soon as upon belief of their resolution to return unto their Duty the Treaty was broke off and the Forces of the Parliament sent home again Could it be expected that after two such acts as these any wise man would trust or treat with the Irish any more whilst the Government was still in the same mens hands who after all this wrought the whole Assembly to declare they would never have any Protestant Governour more and namely not the Lord-Lieutenant and who were not ashamed at the same time both to annul the Peace and yet acknowledge that the forementioned Gentlemen that had been makers of it and suffered in justification of it had neither exceeded their instructions nor done any thing misbecoming honest men His Excellency was now at Kilkenny where having in vain endeavoured to qualifie the universal discontents and observing how fast notwithstanding the admonitory Declaration of all the Bishops from Clonmacnosse to the contrary the people being alienated with the ravaging and disorder of their own Armies and allured with the successes and smooth invitations of Cromwel run headlong in to him for Protection and under Contribution as also how great numbers of the Irish Souldiers some frighted with the Plague which now began to spread into the other Provinces of the Kingdom and others for want of livelihood as having neither meat nor pay flockt in unto the Enemy He went into Connaght to confer about carrying on of the publike business and the remedy of those disorders with the Marquess of Clanrickard at his Castle of Portumna about the end of Christmas who being a person of that eminent Merit towards our King and Nation and deserving so much Honour from all honest men I must I believe do a thing very displeasing to you not to give you a due Character of him here Upon his coming to Portumna the Lord-Lieutenant meets with Sir George Monro who was posted thither out of the North to make some Proposals in order to the reduction of Vlster to his Excellency and the Lord Clanrickard who had the Summer before assisted him towards his Vlster Expedition with a Regiment of Foot 100 Horse and 1000 pounds in money out of the Province of Counaght and in case
those overtures of his were not approved of to demand his Pass that he might leave the Kingdom but what he propounded was so plausible that in case Money and Arms could be had in time and in proportion to what he demanded as the infection of Galloway out of which Town chiefly both were to be had made it very difficult they judged it a very likely Expedition Whereupon the Lord Clanrickard desirous to keep so able a Commander as Sir George in the Kingdom furnisheth him with what Money he could at the present and sends him Northwards to lay and prepare the business before promising to do his uttermost endeavours to procure him those supplies of Money Ammunition and Arms by the time appointed as also to bring his Army up as far as Sligo there to countenance Sir George in his undertakings and be ready for any fair occasion that should present it self for the mastering of the Country After four or fivâ— days stay at the most his Excellency took his leave and hastened towards Kilkenny obliging the Lord Clanrickard to come after him to be present at a meeting he had appointed there for the procuring of a good understanding between the Clergy the Commissioners and himself and for taking the best order they could for the raising and maintaining an Army against the next Spring But though they met nothing at that time could be done or agreed upon wherefore the Lord Clanrickard returns into Connaght to take order for his Northern Expâ—dition which out of the great difficulties of getting his men together arising out of the universal distractions that were then in the Kingdom the hard Season of the year the Pestilence the want of Moneys and Provisions he could not possibly go through with against February which was the time designed nor even then when he did without very great necessities and inconveniencies to himself and his Army though that Noble Person declined no difficulty nor spared no Charge in his Majesties Service This failing in point of time and a great part of the Moneys promised him which nevertheless as things stood no mans industry could have remedied Sir George Monro complained very much of affirming that their opportunity was lost thereby especially now they being come the Army was able to move no further through extreme want of Provision kept from them by foul and contrary weather for which and the residue of the Money together with hopes of an accord between the Lord-Lieutenant and the Commissioners some days were spent in expectation but nothing in the end except onely a Letter from the Lord Ormond summoning the Lord Clanrickard suddainly away his Lordship was forced to leave his Army and the Northern business to the hazard and return back to meet the Lord-Lieutenant and the Commissioners at Loghreogh Wâ—ereupon Sir George Monro believing now the Lord-Lieutenant would leave the Kingdom seeing the divisions amongst the Irish grew daily greater and giving all for lost having received a defeat by Sir Charles Coot where the Earl of Claneboys was taken Prisoner and Colonel Henderson killed with some 800 Private Souldiers and lastly finding the impatience of his own party to treat with the Enemy as he had often before publikely declared he would retires himself to Eniskillin and having made Conditions for himself the remainder of his Party and his Officers that were in Prison gave up that place to the Enemy and departed the Kingdom Very soon after whose retirement the Lord Clanrickard's Army through extremity of want was forced to return from Sligo back towards the County of Galloway Where I will leave it and come back to his Excellency who being left by the Lord Clanrickard lately in Kilkenny after having caused Captain Tickle to be Executed for a designe he had of betraying that Town to Cromwel was by the breach growing daily wider between him and the Kingdom and through the increase of the Sickness now come thither at the joynt request of the Commissioners and Officers induced to remove towards Limerick where being negligently received without the accustomed respect used to the Kings Lieutenant he after a short stay departed thence into the County of Clare Immediately thereupon the Enemy having refreshed his men and encreased his Army with a great accession of old Souldiers that had formerly served under the Lord Inchiqueen and the Lord-Lieutenant takes the field and falls a Summoning Castles and bringing the Country under Contribution wherein he had a general success most of the Castles surrendring upon appearance of a party of Horse except Kiltenan which gave him some resistance His Excellencies Army through the forementioned obstinacy and disobedience of the Towns against receiving Garrisons was so far dispersed that there was no means of drawing them together neither if that were done of drawing them in a Body for the Country was destroyed and wast so that it could not supply him besides during these disagreements between the Lord-Lieutenant the Clergy and the Commissioners there were few or none of the Irish Souldiers if there had been Provisions for them that would obey his Excellencies Orders Of all which Cromwel was well aware and therefore went securely and with confidence to work carrying all before him Amongst other of his successes Ballisanon was sold unto him and Cahir Castle then the dwelling-house of Master Matthews a young youth and half Brother to the Lord-Lieutenant given him contrary to those strict orders left by his Excellency with Master Matthews for the keeping of it who was so conscious of his own misdoing in the Act that he refused upon several summons and invitations to appear before his Lordship and stayed sâ—â—ll in the Enemies quarters to secure himself from his Excellencies indignation But nevertheless this act of Master Matthews is made a ground of new susâ—â—â—â—ns and fresh clamours against his Lordship himself by the Irish who all this while run on in their extravagancies intent onely upon their disputes in hand as if there were no such man as Cromwel in the Kingdom insomuch that seeing so many several meetings assigned and so much time spent to so little purpose his Excellency concludes that those people would never be brought into order by him and therefore resolves to withdraw himself from the Government if not to depart the Kingdom and to commit the management of all unto the Marquess of Clanrickard which was the reason of his Lordships being sent for back again from Sligo The Enemy in the mean time having the Castles of Gowran and Laghlin together with the Officers Commanding in them delivered into his hands by the Common-Souldiers sets at last upon Kilkenny whence a while before the Earl of Castlehaven who was now left with chief Command in Lemster was drawn out with his Forces by reason the Sickness raged so leaving Sir Walter Butler and Major Walsh with about 50 Horse and some 400 Foot in the place where a breach being made and the Enemy
passed for removing obstructions in the sale of the King Queen and Princes Lands as they then called them and several Mannors and Lands were apportioned to the Souldiers for their Arrears whose Debentures were now stated by the Committee of the Army the Common Souldiers purchasing in manner of a Corporation by Regiments the frequency of these Debentures which the old Officers and Reformadoes sold at Half a Crown in the pound and so drew in a great number of Citizens to be Bargainers with the Trustees named in the Act for the sale of the said Lands and Hereditaments which were thereby invested and setled on them for the use of the Common-wealth gave an opportunity to one Granger and his Complices to counterfeit the Hands of the said Committee by which means several false Debentures were put upon the Commissioners and more Cheats upon those that bought them when at last they came to be discovered This Granger who justified his little Cheats by their great ones continued this kinde of Trade throughout the Usurpation in levying Assessements by Warrants which he would counterfeit and make use of to any of the Treasurers of the Costome-house or Chamber of London and to any Collectors and Receivers of any publike Money especially in Cromwels raign and yet never suffered further than the Pillory and a Temporary Imprisonment and is yet alive and in custody for his former Cheats and the like endeavours and attempts of late The King was yet at Iersey whither the Lord Libberton was Arrived and having delivered his Letters to the King from the Committee of Estates of Scotland was very well received and liked of by the King and in February dispacht away and on the 18 of the said Month landed at Leith with Letters likewise from the King which though they were not in all particulars according to the wish and mind of the Estates yet did they so far satisfie that Commissioners were appointed forthwith to go for Holland to commence the Treaty which was appointed by the King at Breda the Prince of Aurange being desired by the Scots to moderate and mediate in that affair The King in his departure from Iersey was by a sudden Gust of Wind near over-set it being a little Bark that conveyed him into France had not one of his Retinue very fortunately with his Knife cut the Cordage that held the Main-sheet and let it flie in the Wind. So the good hand of Providence still took care of and preserved him to most glorious and wonderful Revolutions In the interim the Scots are busie in purging their Army of alâ— Officers who were any way concerned in Hamilton's Engagement and were not througâ—ly Kirkified twelve of such being turned out of Command in Lâ—shes own Regiment to leave no advantage to the King of requiring any favour for such of hiâ— own or that Party to be admitted into Places or Trust and withal they thought fit now to give an answer to that mentioned Declaration of the Marquess of Montross most virulently and falsly answering the Contents thereof by utter denial of their promoting the War in England or selling the late King or tying his Son their present Sovereign to any further Conditions or Agreements than what his Predecessors had constantly been bound to and the Laws and Customs of the Nation did require and finally adjured all men to beware of Apostacie or taking part with that Monster of Men so they stiled that Martyr the Honour of their Country Iames Graham more deservedly and famously known Marquess of Montross But the Sun was not clearer at Noon-day than the truth of that Charge in very particular as full experience did convincingly demonstrate The Commissioners names that were sent and who departed in March were the Earls of Cassils and Lothian Sir Iohn Smith the Lord Libberton Laird Broady Iefferies Leviston Wood and Hutchinson who had Inâ—â—ructions to acquaint the King that the Committee of Estates and General Assembly were not satisfied with his last Letters and to insist that he would take the National Covenant and enjoyn others to do it that he would abandon the Counsel and Company of the Marquess of Montross and other such Malignants that then they should invite him to come into his Realm of Scotland and take his Word that he would not bring any Cavaliers over with him they having already excepted not deigning further mention of Montross against Duke Hamilton the Earl of Lauderdaile Dunfermling Ruthen the Lords Napier Fendraught St. Clare Garnegy and Eython and some others and commanded the Earl of Calendar upon penalty of 100000 Mark Scots to depart the Kingdom other matters upon the Treaty the King left to the Parliament which he likewise allowed and confirmed and all proceedings had been had or done therein which shall suffice for the account of that Transaction neither the King nor the Commissioners taking any notice of Montrosses preparation to come into that Kingdom but purposely avoiding any dispute about it of which we shall have occasion to speak presently At home the Parliament to comply with the Proposals of the Army and their former Agreements made shew of dissolving themselves and chusing a new Representative and debated upon qualifications of Members for new Tumults were feared among the Souldiery and one Marston a notable Adjutator who had escaped from Burford defeat was now ordered to be taken into Custody The Messengers accordingly came to his Lodging in Aldersgate-street and sending him word to come down he with a Stilletto killed two of them out-right and sorely wounded the third and escaped but being retaken and terribly cut in his endeavouring to make another escape he was Arraigned at the Sessions-house in the Old Baily and condemned to be hanged in the said Street which was accordingly executed so preventing another death from the grievousness of his wounds He was a truly stout person and died as resolutely as his weakness would permit Sir Iohn Berkley and Colonel Walter Slingsby were now taken at Colonel Travanions house in Cornwal and secured which made them conceive there was some designes on foot for the King to be put in execution At the same time they proceeded with the old Vizor of Piety voting some Expedients for the propagation of the Gospel and withal very strictly urging Subscriptions to the new Engagement which at last visited the University of Oxford and was as unwelcome and destructive to the new Fellows and Scholars put in by the Presbyterian Party of Parliament in 1647 and 48. as the Covenant was being tendered in the like manner to the rightful proprietors the Loyal Students then ejected particularly Doctor Reynolds who come in the place of Doctor Fell resigned it to one Owen who was made Doctor in Divinity famous for his primer and his better Lesson of flattery with Oliver and Dean of Christ-Church Never greater or more Robberies committed by Thieves than at this time for which almost 60 suffered at
Levies and Aids those mighty preparations for the Invading of a Kingdom settled in a posture of War and well forewarned of his intentions amounted not above the number of six or seven hundred at the most strangers and all The Common Souldiers which adventured over with him most of them Holsteyners or Hamburgers He had sent him by the Queen of Sweden for the arming of such Gentlemen as should upon his arrival betake themselves to his Party as before 1500 Arms compleat for Horse Back Brest Head-piece Carbines Pistols and Swords all which after his defeat in Cathnes were taken untouch'd With this small preparation it was a desperate action to attempt so mighty a business And although his touching first upon the Island did encrease his number and gave him almost the beginning of an Army yet were those barbarous people so raw and unacquainted with Discipline that they proved in a manner useless and unserviceable 'T is true the Inhabitants of those Isles were a people in former times very fierce and warlike and have under their own Captains made many great Impressions into the very heart of the Kingdom But whether it was the policie of the late Kings to leave them untrained of purpose to break their natural fierceness or because their own Captains being quelled or cut off they cared not much to engage under any other certain it is that Kingdom for 200 years last past hath not made less use of any they had under their Jurisdiction nor have they at this present less opinion of any Scots for Military courage and valour And this may be alledged as a great cause of their remissness and unweildiness whilst they were in the Marquesses Service I told you a little before of Montross's whole strength which did accompany him from Germany whereof two ships with near upon a third part were sent before but by storm of weather which is both frequent and dangerous amongst those Northern Islands they were lost with all the men and Arms nothing saved This was another check and as it were a warning and a forerunner of the sad event which followed But the business being fatal he must needs contribute his own endeavours towards that destruction which his cruel fortune had provided for him For he being nothing terrified with this success sends out a second party which making a more prosperous Voyage landed at Orkney and entred the Island without any resistance there being at that time no Garrison or defence placed in any of those Islands by the States of Scotland together with these he sent several Commissions for levying Horse and Foot Immediately there were several dispatched to Scotland and the Islands adjacent for that purpose the people of the Country being in no condition to resist these Officers endeavoured in hopes of favour as much as they could to further the designe And those who were not so earnest were by their own neighbours favourers of the Cause and these violent Commissioners forced to take up Arms. Not long after landed the Marquess himself with the rest of his Company together with those Gentlemen which were resolved to partake of his fortune amongst whom were several persons of note Colonel Hurry was there a man who had engaged in all Quarrels but never prospered in any the Lord Frendraught for his Kinsman the Lord Napier was left in Holland Colonel Iohnson a resolute man and an old Souldier Colonel Gray a German Souldier Harry Graham his own natural Brother Colonel Iames Hay of Naughton Sir Francis Hay of Dalgety George Drummond of Ballach For he had employed as was thought Colonel Sibbalds his Companion heretofore as his Agent in Scotland but he was apprehended at Musselburgh and did accompany his General in death upon the same Scaffold The Marquess continued a considerable time in Orkney raising of Forces and strengthning himself with such Recruits as the place would afford Neither was there any preparation at all made in Scotland to dispossess him of these Islands either because it might be thought a difficult business to assail him within those places naturally guarded with a rough and dangerous Sea or because they knowing his strength expected a better opportunity of him as they found indeed within the Country After this poor rabble of silly creatures was amassed he resolved at last to Embarque and to that purpose gathers all the Boats he could finde ships his men and in a short space Lands them all upon the point of Cathnes which is the farthest land to the North-west of Scotland The people having some experience of the carriage of his former souldiery and now far more dreading the name of Forrainers partly by the terrible reports which were constantly given out of him fled away in heaps many of them not stopping till they came to the chief City Edenborough and there gave the terrible Alarm to the Parliament then sitting The Commanders were immediately summoned and charged with all possible hast to get the standing Forces in readiness and a Rendezvouze in order to the States Command was hereupon presently enjoyned at Brechin Northward Colonel Straughan who was then in high esteem with the great ones for his Valour lately expressed in the English service and his Zeal to the Presbyterian Cause much extol'd at that time had an ample and particular Commission granted to him by the Parliament to command a choice party of Horse which should not be subject to David Lesly's Orders but might Engage and Fight with the Enemy at his best advantage With these being not above 300 he advanced before the Army David Lesley with the rest of the Horse and Holborne with the Foot marching after him In the mean time the Marquess advanced but very slowly and that he might not be mistaken since all the world was much astonished at this Invasion now whilst the King was upon a Treaty he published a second Declaration wherein he laboured to clear himself of any aspersion of sinister ends That his intention was onely against some particular persons who had against the Laws of the Kingdom raised and maintained a War against the Kings Father and did now by their subtile practises endeavour to destroy the Son also That he intended nothing against the Generality of the Kingdom Lastly Exhorting all Subjects of that Nation to endeavour to free themselves from the Tyranny of those who for the present ruled the State and the oppression of the Ministry But the Country for several Causes did not come to second him as he expected For the Earl of Sunderland a potent man in those parts his Lands being next to the place where the Marquess then was raised a great power of his Tenants and Friends and did his best to terrifie and hinder all that were willing to joyn with him And though he found himself unable to deal with the Marquess's Forces yet did he stop all intercourse betwixt him and his Friends And those Gentlemen who had heretofore
Majesty gave Commission to me to come into this Kingdom and to make a diversion of those Forces that were going from hence against him I acknowledged the Command most just and I conceived my self bound in Conscience and Duty to obey it What my carriage was in this Country many of you may bear witness disorders in any Army cannot be Prevented but they were no sooner known than punished never was any Blood spilt but in Battle and even then many thousand lives have I preserved and as I came in upon his Majesties Warrant so upon his Letters did I lay aside all Interests and retreated And for my coming in at this time it was by his Majesties Command in order to the accelerating of the Treaty betwixt Him and you His Majesty knowing that when ever he had ended with you I was ready to retire upon his Call I may justly say that never Subject acted upon more honorable grounds nor by a more Lawful Power than I did in this Service and therefore I desire you to lay aside prejudice and consider me as a Christian in relation to the justice of the Quarrel as a Subject in relation to my Royal Masters Command and as your Neighbour in relation to the many of your lives I have preserved in Battle And be not too rash but let me be judged by the Laws of God the Laws of Nature and Nations and the Laws of this Land if you do otherwise I do here Appeal from you to the righteous Iudge of the World who one day must be both your Iudge and mine and who always gives righteous Iudgment This he delivered with such gravity and without passion as was much admired even of his Enemies After which the Chancellour commanded the Sentence to be read which he heard with a settled and an unmoved Countenance and desiring to be further heard was presently stopt by the Chancellour who Commanded he should be presently removed back again to prison where he was no sooner come but the Ministers assault him afresh aggravating the terrour of the Sentence thereby to affright him He acknowledged himself much beholding to the Parliament for the Honour they had put upon him saying He took it for a greater honour to have his Head stand upon the Prison-gate for this Quarrel than to have his Picture in the Kings Bed-chamber And lest his Loyalty should be forgotten they had highly honoured him in designing lasting Monuments to four of the chiefest Cities to bear up his Memorial to all Posterity wishing he had had flesh enough to have sent a piece to every City in Christendom to witness his Loyalty to his King and Country His Friends were not suffered to come neer him but a Guard was always in the Chamber with him insomuch as he had neither time nor place for his private Devotions but in their hearing The next day being the 21. cloathed in a Scarlet-cloak richly laced with Gold-lace he was brought to the Scaffold He came along the Streets with so great state and there appeared in his Countenance so much Beauty Majesty and Gravity as amazed the Beholders and many even of his Enemies did acknowledge him to be the gallantest Subject in the World But because all his Friends and Well-willers were debarred from coming near him there was a Boy designed for that purpose on the Scaffold who took his last Speech which was to this effect I Am sorry if this manner of my End be scandalous to any good Christian. Doth it not often happen to the righteous according to the ways of the righteous doth not sometimes a just man perish in his righteousness and a wicked man prosper in his malice They who know me should not disesteem me for this many greater than I have been dealt with in this kind yet I must not say but that all Gods Iudgments are just For my private sins I acknowledge this to be just with God I submit my self to him but in regard of man I may say that they are but Instruments God forgive them I forgive them they have oppressed the poor and vioiently perverted Iudgment and Iustice but he that is higher than they will reward them What I did in this Kingdom was in obedience to the most just Command of my Sovereign for his defence in the day of his distress against those that rose up against him I acknowledge nothing but fear God and Honour the King according to the Commandments of God and the Law of Nature and Nations and I have not sinned against man but against God and with him there is mercy which is the ground of my drawing near unto him It is objected against me by many even good People that I am under the Censure of the Church This is not my fault since it is only for doing my Duty by obeying my Princes most just Command for Religion his Sacred Person and Authority Yet I am sorry they did Excommunicate me and in that which is according to Gods Laws without wronging my Conscience or Allegeance I desire to be relaxed if they will not do it I appeal to God who is the righteous Iudge of the world and who must and will I hope be my Iudge and Saviour It is spoken of me that I should blame the King God forbid for the late King he lived a Saint and died a Martyr I pray God I may so end as he did If ever I should wish my Soul in another mans stead it should be in his For his Majesty now living never people I believe might be more happy in a King His Commands to me were most just in nothing that he promiseth will he fail He deals justly with all men I pray God he be so dealt withal that he be not betrayed under trust as his father was I desire not to be mistaken as if my carriage at this time in relation to your ways were stubborn I do but follow the light of my own Conscience which is seconded by the working of the Spirit of God that is within me I thank him I go to Heavens Throne with joy If he enable me against the fear of Death and furnish me with courage and confidence to embrace it even in its most ugly shape let God be glorified in my end though it were in my damnation Yet I say not this out of any fear or mistrust but out of my Duty to God and Love to his people I have no more to say but that I desire your Charity and Prayers I shall pray for you all I leave my Soul to God my Service to my Prince my Good-will to my Friends and my Name and Charity to you all And thus briefly I have exonerated my Conscience Being desired to pray apart he said I have already poured out my Soul before the Lord who knows my heart and into whose hands I have commended my Spirit and he hath been pleased to return to me a full assurance of peace in Iesus Christ my
and receive satisfaction therein otherwise to decide the Iustice of that Cause by Battle To which when no Answer would be returned he advanced on the 10 of August having recruited his Army by those Provisions that were plentifully brought by sea the Fleet sailing an even pace with him and observing the same Signals on the West-side of Edenburgh up to the Line of the Scotch Army playing his Cannon which were likewise Answered and Encamped on Pencland-hills a little above Edenburgh-Castle intending to march for Queens-ferry but the Passes were so difficult and other considerations intervened that he proceeded no further Next morning came a Letter to the General with a Declaration from the Estates and Kirk by sound of Trumpet Declaring that the Quarrel being now stated and the King ready to consent to their demands they were resolved to put it to the Issue and that the world may see what that was like to prove it will be worthy the memory of those transactions to particularize them in this short abstract In the Declaration of the Kirk or Commissioners of the General Assembly to Cromwel as the state of the Quarrel they most undutifully set forth to the giving up the merit of the Cause That the King stumbling at and refusing to Subscribe unto the Declaration offered him by the Committee of Estates and Commissioners of the Kirk concerning His former carriage and resolution for the future is cause of just grief and offence in reference to the Cause of God and the Enemies and Friends thereof And therefore they do Declare that they do not nor will not Espouse any Malignant Party or Quarrel but that they Fight meerly upon their former grounds and Principles in the Cause of God and the Kingdom nor will they own the King nor his Interest further than be owns and prosecutes the Cause of God c. Concluding that they will Answer Oliver Cromwel 's Letters and clear themselves from the Falshoods contained therein as if they owned the late Kings proceedings and were resolved to prosecute His present Majesties Interest upon any other terms than as above mentioned And this peremptory Kirk-resolution was Signed by A. Ker then one of the chief Colonels of the Scotch Army To this Cromwel takes very good occasion to reply and help out their Sophistry with some more of his own and to let the Scots see of how neer affinity the Kirk and the Congregational way were in this respect to the King he permitted nay caused their Declaration to be publikely read to his Army putting the Scotch-remonstrants upon these Dilemma's namely That their professed disowning of Malignants and receiving and assisting their Head and Chief in whom all their hope lies cannot consist in common sence or prudence reciting as evidence thereof the late Popish affairs in Ireland and Prince Rupert 's raving at Sea That suppose He the King should give security of his turning it must be some other way than by a few and faigned formal submissions for it is his necessity and his old Complices that Counsel him to that Compliance Nor is it possible for the Scots in the way that they are now in to be able to secure themselves or England and concludes that upon this Quarrel if they be ready to fight his Army attends there for that purpose and therefore the Scots cannot complain for want of an opportunity These pestilent and alike dangerous Papers which in effect seemed rather an Agreement than cause of quarrel between the Antagonists were warily considered by some even of themselves who loved the King as of sudden and desperate consequence to His Majesties Person and Government so highly vilified and disregarded so that a Declaration to the liking of the Kirk was extorted from him that there might no cause of pretence remain either for their obstinate carriage towards Him or ready Compliance with the Enemy Hereupon the English Army advanced again and though several Bodies of Scotch Horse appeared yet they presently withdrew upon their approach which that it might not be altogether frustrate Cromwel in sight of them caused a Garrison called Red-house within a mile and a half of Edenburgh to be storm'd wherein were taken 60 Foot and the House made Tenable and manned by the English while the Scots being necessitated for Provisions and to joyn with some other Forces from Fife and the West had marched two miles beyond Edenburgh having a great Hill on the one side and the City and a River on the other so that it was very hazardous to Engage them being drawn up in Battalia the great Guns playing on both sides In which posture and attendance the Scots and English stood and neither changed ground till Provisions growing exceeding scarce Cromwel retreated to Pencland-hills Lambert having had some discourse and conference with Straughan c. about the former equity of their Cause de lana Caprina and thence with some difficulty by reason of bad weather to Mussleborough for provant and thence a few days after to Dunbar with intention by shipping or any other way to get into England being now closely followed by the Scoth Army in their Rear who rightly guessing the English to be weakned with long marches and want of Victual made cock-sure of a total Victory which snatching at before it was ripe for them fearing nothing more than that they would escape them they saw themselves miserably frustrated and their despairing Enemy a most insulting Conquerour On Sunday at night the first of September the English making at most not above 12000 men came to Dunbar whither the Scots keeping close at their Heels came also and drew up their whole Army consisting of between 20 and 24 thousand men upon a high Hill within a mile of the Town to the great amazement at first of the English but despair adding resolution to their Courage they presently drew out in Battalia in the Corn-field neer adjoyning and so stood all night being Encamped upon a neck of Land whose breadth was not a mile and a half from Sea to Sea so that they were by Land quite cooped up In confidence therefore of an assured Victory David Lesley who Commanded this Kirk-Army in chief began to advance as early as the Sun next morning and drew down the Hill fixing at the foot thereof and about four a clock in the afternoon brought down his Train there being a great Ditch betwixt both the Armies That night the English by Command placed themselves close to the Ditch and placed their Field-pieces likewise in every Regiment that they might be in a readiness in case the Enemy should attempt any thing upon them who were vainly expecting terms of a Rendition boasting that they had them in a worle Pound than the King had the Earl of Essex at Lestithiel in Cornwall The Ministers having their Voice in the Council of War held by this Kirk-Army most earnestly urged the Engagement and Fight against those that were of opinion to
of reducing the stubborness of some of the principal there to their obedience in the discussing and conclusion of that affair as he was Hunting neer Arnhem a destemper seized him which turning to the Small Pox and a Flux of putrified blood falling upon his Lungs presently carried him away on the 17 of October not without suspition of Poison leaving behind him the Princess Royal neer her time who to the great joy of the Low Countries was delivâ—red of a young Prince on the 5 of November as a cordial to that immoderate grief Her Highness and her Family took from this sad providence the Prince being the most sincere and absolute friend his late and present Majesty found in the greatest difficulties of their affairs The War in Ireland went on prosperously still with the Parliament the success being very much facilitated by the misunderstanding and divisions that were among the Catholicks and the Protestant Loyal party there in so much that the Lord Ormond the Lieutenant was not regarded among them nor he able through this means to make any head against Ireton then left Deputy in that Kingdom so that little of any memorable action passed in the field till the expiration of the Summer at which time Ireton intending to besiege Limrick one of the strongest Cities in Ireland marched from Waterford and made a compass into the County of Wicklow which being stored with plundered Cattle furnished him with 1600 Cows for provision in that Leaguer and so marched to Athloâ—e in hopes to gain it but finding the Bridge broke and the Town on this side burnt he left that and took two other Castles and the Bur on the same side and presently clapped down before Limrick having marched 150 miles and in some Counties 30 miles together and not a house or living creature to be seen The Marquess Clanrickard to whom the Military power was by general consent devolved as being a Papist and a Native of most Antient and Noble Extraction and by the very good liking of the Marquess of Ormond who had had large experience of his exemplary fidelity to the King and the English interest ever since the very first Rebellion in 1641 having notice of the Enemies being at Athlone marched with 3000 men to whom joyned afterwards young Preston late at Waterford presently to the relief of it if any thing should have been attempted and passing the Shanon having notice of Ireton's quitting Athlone took the two Castles again and laid siege to the Bur where two great Guns had been left by the English To the relief whereof likewise Colonel Axtel having fac'd them before but now reinforced marched with a resolution to Engage being in all some 2500 men whereupon the Marquess Clanrickard quitted the Siege and retreated to Meleke Island bordering upon the Shanon into which there was but one Pass and a Bog on each side On the 25 of October a little before night Axtel made a resolute attempt upon them and after a sharp dispâ—te beat them from the first and second Passes and at the third which was strongly fortified came to the Bâ—t-end of the Musquet and entred the Island which the Irish in flight deserted leaving most of their Arms behind 200 Horse all their Waggons and Baggage so that what by the Sword and the River one half of that Army perished On the English side Captain Goff and a hundred more were killed the Marquess was himself not present but was gone upon a designe against the Siege at Limerick which advanced very slowly The next day the Irish quitted all the Garrisons they had taken and fired thâ—m whereupon Ireton drew from Limerick and took in the stâ—oâ—g Castle of Neanagh in low Ormond and so retreated to his Winter-quarters aâ— Kilkenny in November These untoward events and misfortunes one upon the neck of another together with the displacency and dissatisfaction among themselves made the Lord Ormond despair of retriving His Majesties interest in that Kingdom without forrain assistance and therefore he resolved to depart and signified his intentions accordingly to the Council of of the Irish who after some arguments and intreaties of his further stay did at last humbly and sorrowfully take leave of him rendring him all expressions of thanks and honour for those unwearied Services he had done his Country and passed several Votes in record thereof desiring his Lordship to excuse those many failures which evil times and strange necessities had caused in them and desiring him to be their Advocate to His Majesty and to other Princes to get some aid and supplies from them to the defence of that gasping Realm that now strugled with its last Fate About the beginning of December the Marquess took shipping in a little Frigat called the Elizabeth of 28 Tuns and 4 Guns and set sail from Galloway followed by the Lord Inchiqueen Colonel Vaughan the Noble Colonels Wogan and Warren and some 20 more persons of Honour intending for France Scilly or Iersey but happily landed at St. Malos in France in Ianuary whence they went to Paris and gave the Queen-Mother an account of that Kingdom Thence the Marquess of Ormond removed to Flanders and the Lord Inchiqueen into Holland and came to Amsterdam the Valiant Wogan taking the first opportunity in Scilly in order to his further service of the King in Scotland where he first manifested his Zeal and gallantry to the Royal Cause The noise of these lucky Atchievements had made most of the Neighbouring Princes consider a little further and more regardfully of this Commonwealth more especially such whose Trade by Sea might be incommodated by their Naval-force which now Lorded it in gallant Fleets upon the adjoyning Seas The first whom this danger prevailed upon was the King of Portugal Iohn the 4. whose Fleet laden with Sugar from Brasile General Blake had met with and for his entertainment of Prince Rupert with his Fleet now newly taken and dispersed brought away 9 of them into the River of Thames where they were delivered to the Commissioners for Prize-goods then newly established by Authority of Parliament upon which score the State received in few years many hundred thousand pounds and was cheated of almost as much whose names were Blackwel Blake Sparrow and upon the Dutch-War others particularly named for that very Affair because of its continual Employment In the Month of December therefore he sent hither his Embassador who landed at â—he Isle of Wight and gave notice to the Council of State of his Arrival who instead of a better complement sent him a safe Conduct for his Journey to London there being then open Hostility between the two Nations for that the King of Portugal to satisfie himself of his damages sustained in his Sugar-fleet had seiâ—â—d all the English Merchants goods in Lisbon On the 11 of December he had Audience before a Committee of Parliament attended with the Master of the Ceremonies and 20 of his own retinue in the House
Limburgh into whose hands upon a remove they lighted This troublesome delay so displeased their Westminster-masters that on the 18 of May the Parliament recalled them which being notified to the States they seemed surprized and by consent of the Embassadors sent away an Express accompanied with Mr. Thurloe Saint Iohn's Secretary to London to desire a longer respit in hope of a satisfactory Conclusion But after a vainâ—r Expectation thereof saving this dubious insignificant Resolution as the States called it In haec verba The States General of the Netherlands having heard the report of their Commissioners having had a Conference the day before with the Lords Embassadors of the Commonwealth of England do declare That for their better satisfaction they do wholly and fully condescend and agree unto the 6 7 8 9 10 and 11 Propositions of the Lords Embassadors which were the most unconcerning and also the said States do agree unto the 1 2 3 and 5 Articles of the year 1495. Therefore the States do expect in the same manner as full and clear an Answer from the Lords Embassadors upon the 36 Articles delivered in by their Commissioners the 24 of June 1647. This indifferency being maintained and strengthned by the presence and Arguments used in a Speech made by Mr. Macdonald the Kings Agent then at that time Resident at the Hague who also printed their Articles or Propositions with his Comments on them another Months time being spent they were finally remanded and departed on the 20 of Iune re infecta to the trouble as was pretended of most of the Lords of Holland When Saint Iohn gave the States Commissioners who came to take leave of him these parting words My Lords You have an Eye upon the Event of the Affairs of the Kingdom of Scotland and therefore do refuse the Friendship we have offered now I can assure you that many in the Parliament were of opinion that we should not have come hither or any Embassadors to be sent to you before they had superated thâ—se matters between them and that King and then expected your Embassadors to us I nâ—w perceive our errour and that those Gentlemen were in the right in a short time you shall see that business ended and then you will come to us and seek what we have freely offered when it shall perplex you that you have refused our proffer And it â—ell ouâ— as he had Divined it Upon his coming home after those welcomes and thanks given him by the Parliament he omitted not to aggravate those rudenesses done him and to exasperate them against the Dutch and the angry effects of his Counsels and report soon after appeared On the 9 of April in order and designe to abolish all Badges of the Norman Tyranny as they were pleased to call it now that the English Nation had obtained their natural Freedom they resolved to Manumit the Laws and restore them to their Original Language which they did by this ensuing additional Act and forthwith all or most of the Law-books were turned into English according to the Act a little before for turning Proceedings of Law into English and the rest written afterwards in the same Tongue but so little to the benefit of the people that as Good store of Game is the Country-mans Sorrow so the multitude of Sollicitors and such like brought a great deal of trouble to the Commonwealth not to speak of more injuries by which that most honourable profession of the Law was profaned and vilified as being a discourse out of my Sphere At the same time they added a second Act explanatory of this same wonderful Liberty both which here follow Be it Enacted by this present Parliament and by the Authority thereof That the Translation into English of all Writs Process and Returns thereof and of all Patents Commissions and all Proceedings whatsoever in any Court of Iustice within this Commonwealth of England and which concerns the Law and Administration of Iustice to be made and framed into the English Tongue according to an Act entituled An Act for the turning the Books of the Law and all Proces and Proceedings in Courts of Iustice into English be and are hereby refered to the Speaker of the Parliament the Lords Commissioners of the Great Seal of England the Lord Chief Iustice of the Upper-Bench the Lord Chief Iustice of the Common-pleas and the Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer for the time bâ—ing or any two or more of them and what shall be agreed by them or any two or more of them in Translating the same the Lords Commissioners shall and may affix the Great Seal thereunto in Cases where the same is to be fixed And so that no miss-Translation or Variation in Form by reason of Translation or part of Proceedings or Pleadings already begun being in Latine and part in English shall be no Errour nor void any Proceedings by reason thereof Provided That the said recited Act shall not extend to the certifying beyond the Seas any Case or Proceedings in the Court of Admiralty but that in such Cases the Commissioners and Proceedings may be certified in Latin as formerly they have been An Act for continuing the Assessment of 120000 l. per mensem for five Months from the 25 day of April 1651. for maintenance of the Armies in England Ireland and Scotland was likewise passed By our way to Scotland we must digress to a petty commotion in Wales Hawarden and Holt-Castle Seized and a Hubbub upon the Mountains which engaged Colonel Dankins to a craggy expedition Sir Thomas Middleton purged and the Coast cleared of a Presbyterian discontent upon which score the noise was raised but the story not taking Presto on all 's gone and the invisible Royalists cannot be found or sequestred for their combination in Lancashire-plot now started and hotly sented and pursued by the Grandees of the Council of State and the Blood-hounds of their High Court of Iustice again unkennelled of which more presently Blackness-Castle was now delivered to General Cromwel in Scotland on the first of April while he yet continued sick of an Ague General Dean being newly arrived with Money and supplies from England two days before and on the 11 of the same Month the Scotch Parliament sat down where they rescinded that often-mentioned Act of Classes of Delinquents whereby way was made to the restoring of the Loyal Nobility to their seats in Parliament and an Act passed from the perceipt of the dangerous consequences of the Western Remonstrance that it should be Treason to hold correspondence with or abet the Enemy Cromwel having already made another journey into those parts to carry on his business at Glascow which place had been infamed at the beginnig of the Scotch Troubles and was now by the just Judgement of God the Stage designed to act the Catastrophe and last act of three Kingdoms Ruine For I must remember the Reader that here the first Scene of our misery was laid
by the illegal convention of the general Assembly of the Kirk By his Forces thereabouts the Earl of Eglington with his second Son and some other persons of Note were surprized in their designe of raising Forces for the King at Dunbarton His Majesty still continuing at Sterling London the Chancellor being now outed of his Presidentship Mr. Gutbery and Bennet and other Kirk-blades Committed for their refractoriness to the Kings Authority which yet they would not own but as subordinate to the General Assembly But for the prevention of such future sidings and divisions those men had caused a Committee by Parliament was now empowred to manage the War and substitute Officers without any more impertinent reverences to the Presbytery the King being also declared Generalissimo Cromwel after some debates and publike disputes with the Ministers viz. Gillespy Rutherford c. of Glascow aforesaid concerning the lawfulness of his Invasion which he performed as he said in much weakness of both Argument and Body seeing there was no drawing the Scot out that way to fight which way they intended for an undisturbed march marched back to Edenburgh by the beginning of May and in his way burned the Lady Kilsithes House for holding intelligence with the King having notice of the arrival of his Boats at Leith for the Transportation of his Army into Fife which was the last remedy the failure of Victuals in the Scotch Camp which therefore they should be forced to abandon and march proving a meer delusion In the mean while on the 15 of April in a mist the Lord Montgomery Son to the Earl of Eglington and Lord Cranston with 500 Horse and Dragoons marched from Sterling and resolutely charged into Lithgow a Garrison the English had fortified upon their first march to Sterling to the Market-place whence having taken what Prisoners they could in hast meet with they retreated and being pursued by Major Sydenham of Sir Arthur Haslerig's Regiment the Governour in place of Colonel Sanderson lately deceased they faced about and routed him killing most of his Followers to the number of some 60 himself being wounded mortally in the Groyn whereof not long after he died that Government being twice vacated already The Lord Register Warriston now had a Pass from Sterling to come to Edenburgh about the Records and the ships loading that was staid after Cromwels Pass and permission by Articles and prosecuted the business so to effect that the said Goods Papers and lading got before him to Sterling May 31. whither he had no more mind after Cromwel and he had conferred to return The Dutch had now sent Van Trump their Admiral with 12 sail of Men of War to Scilly Island to demand satisfaction for 20 ships which Sir Iohn Greenvile the Governour had seized and had further instructions to Treat with the said Governour which besides the aim this State had to integrate all the Antient Dominions of England under a new Commonwealth did very much enjealous them that that important place might be put into Dutch hands thereupon a Fleet was presently manned for the Reduction of that place and Sir George Ayscue who was then preparing for a Voyage to Barbadoes in the Rainbow and two other Men of War upon the same account was ordered to attend General Blake in that Service who Imbarqued in the Phoenix-Frigat and on the 18 of May with great resolution he landed some of his Forces in the Islands of Tresco and Brier which were as stoutly defended by the Noble Colonel Wogan who in his Voyage from Ireland had taken up Arms here for the King again and made a very great slaughter of the first Invaders but footing being gained by fresh Boats succeeding the other he past over to the Isle of St. Maries both more naturally and Artificially Fortified and of very difficult access Some few attempts were nevertheless made but rather to shew there was an Enemy there who would fain be admitted and who otherwise might prove very troublesome to their Trade and to that effect a Summons or invitation was sent unto the Governour who having as it was believed the Kings leave for what he should do therein and knowing with England it would return and without would be of little use to the Crown after some Messages accepted of a Treaty which after caresses and civilities on both sides concluded in a Rendition of the Isle on the second of Iune upon very Honourable Terms The Governour Sir Iohn the son of Noble Sir Bevil Greenvile after Earl of Bath a person always much in the Kings Favour receiving a considerable sum of Money and Indemnity for his Estate and person freed from all manner of Arrests and molestations whatsoever the Officers and Souldiers to go whither they would of whom Sir Fulk Hunks with Doctor Lesley the Bishop of Down sailed for Ireland Colonel Wogan for Scotland to pursue the quarrel there also In all there went out 9 Colonels 4 Lieutenant-Colonels 10 Serjeant-Majors 60 Captains saith the Catalogue 40 Lieutenants and other under-Officers of a proportionable number which over Sir George Ayscue proceeded in his Voyage Prince Rupert was now at Sea from Toulon with five Men of War and two Fire-ships sailing the Mediterranean-sea in Company with his Brother Prince Maurice and much discourse there was of the Duke of Lorrain's shipping and Transporting some Forces for Ireland by an Agreement made with the Irish and promoted at the French Court whither the Duke of York was now expected and Sir Edward Hide arrived out of Spain and several Provinces and Cities were by report assigned him for his security but the whole story proved meer Castles in the Air for it 's supposed the Duke was unwilling to come where his plundering Troops should finde Blows instead of Booty and he had his own Country and Dominions to regain first An Agent likewise came now to the Parliament of England and owned them as such from the great Duke of Florence May the 21. The Lord Howard of Escrick a Peer who had got himself returned a Burgess for Carlisle was about this time convicted of Bribery dismissed the House and committed to the Tower Cromwel being at Edenburgh having notice how the King lay encamped at Sterling Lesley's Foot quartering on the South-side and Middleton's on the North-side of the Park encompassed with a Stone-wall and that abundance of Provision was brought in daily supposing they would march drew all his Forces out of the West with as much care and conduct as could be and Encamped likewise in the Fields by Edenburgh in a readiness for them whether to march or fight But in the mean time he was taken very ill of his Ague so that Doctor Wright and Doctor Bates an eminent Physitian and a concealed Royalist as appears by a polite Piece of his written some time before entituled Elenehus Motuum nuperorum in Anglia were sent down to attend his Cure and many blithe and anxious
1644. which was the reason it was late ere he suffered and beyond his appointed time by three hours piously spent by him He most Christianly and worthy of all Memory gave up his Soul to his Redeemer being a little troubled at his longer detainer in this Vale of misery by the Executioner's missing the Signe And this sad occasion will direct us to a further account of those English Royalists who were taken in and after the same defeat among whom were besides others mentioned the Lord Grandison Sir Iohn Packington Colonel Blague the late Governour of Wallingford Colonel Broughton after Sir Edward and Colonel Massey who having escaped the fate of that day at Worcester and being tired with Riding having wounds yet green threw himself at last upon the Countess of Stamford engaging his parole for his true Imprisonment in her House till he was cured when he was removed likewise to the Tower and by a disguise shortly after made an escape The often-to-be-with-Honour-mentioned Colonel Wogan came off and got away untouched and recovered the Highlands with an indesistible courage of prosecuting the Kings quarrel even where Nature had fixt her non ultra while Iames Hinde the famous High-way-man some time before in England for Robbing of the Parliament-party adventuring Southward was betrayed in Fleet-street at his lodging and being from Newgate carried to the next Assizes of Abington and Worcester was at the last place when none would come in to swear against him either to Felony or Treason in the late Invasion as 't was called by the King betrayed by a Minister of their sending whose name I cannot get and by his Evidence Convicted and Hanged Drawn and Quartered in that City An Act for sale of Delinquents Lands had passed some time before now their Trustees with Boon Courage resolved to proceed the danger of voiding their Trusts and the Authority conferred on them being now past and some more Grist being like to come into their Mill by new Forfeitures wherefore they appointed the 8 day of September for their sitting down in pursuance of those powers granted by the said Act of Sale and chose Drury-house the Mansion of the Lord Craven for the place of their Sitting where they made several conveniencies for their Registers Accountants Cashiers and Clerks like to any other legal Office and there with other Estates exposed that Lord 's to common sale The Members had appointed the second of October for the Thanksgiving-day for this Worcester-Victory but because they would have it Celebrated with the greater solemnization by notice thereof throughout the three Kingdoms together they adjourned it till the 24 of the same Month in the Evening whereof General Popham one of their Admirals at Sea deceased on the 19 of August before attended by Cromwel and most of the Members was Interred in Westminster-Abbey This day was without any more scruple punctually observed the Presbyterians who were in the best Livings generally and indeed no body else scarce in any not offering to mutter against the Command of these their not-to-be-contended-with Lords and Superiors The Scotch affairs were now the consultation of the Parliament for having reduced that Kingdom to neer a plenary Conquest no English Forces or scarce a single man having passed so far as their Army was now Quartered and in Garrison the Civil Government was very fit to be considered of and how it should be managed In the beginning of the raign of King Iames much pains and endeavours were used by Him about the draught and accomplishment of an Union between both Kingdoms which might be so comprehensive as to be equally advantagious to both people and the Lord Bacon writ an Elaborate discourse and project of it but all came to nothing so many Scotch proud and surly difficulties were thereupon raised but now one Weeks work finished that mighty matter in a short Vote and Resolution That England and Scotland shall be Incorporated into one Commonwealth and Commissioners were named to go into that Kingdom viz. Oliver Saint Iohn Sir Henry Vane Alderman Titchburn Major Salway Major-General Dean Colonel Fenwick and General Monke before whose arrival onely Major-General Lambert and Dean were upon perambulation of the limits already gained and receiving submissions and granting terms several of the Scotch Nobility whose Ancestors thought the English Union a diminution of their Greatness and disdainfully rejected all tendencies thereunto came quietly in having made a bluster of doing something in the Highlands such were the Marquess of Huntly who to be repaired of some injuries done him by Arguile though his neer Kinsman thought good to prevent him by a timely acquiescence upon pact of having right done him in the said controversie the Lord Balcarris the Earls of Weems Angus and Calendar and Arguile himself was now in Treaty but to shew himself more considerable held it on foot almost half a year guarding his Castles the County and Levying Assessments like a Prince upon the Country The late Marquess of Montross his Children and Family were honourably taken into protection by General Monke Nor were the Royal Party half so averse and intractable to the English Usurpation for they had as they well hoped shaken off the insupportable Tyranny of the Presbytery and could hardly suffer more by any power whatsoever which might in time veer about unto its lawful Scepter as the Kirkmen and that brood who having lost their Arbitrary and most Tyrannical sway over the Consciences Estates and Lives of men raged at this Change the rather for having fooled and bewitched themselves into an opinion that they should be able by the Keys of the Kirk which they doubted not to re-establish in that Kingdom to oversway the Sword of the Sectary and to bring him to conform there being such a proximity in many of their Principles assigning to themselves that time-serving Complement of Oliver's The good people of the Nation of Scotland that were to be preserved in their Rights Civil and Spiritual and accordingly the Grandees of the Western Remonstrants took upon them to indict an Assembly and there they damned all which had been done by the late Parliament and Assembly and published a Fast with the grounds wherefore they were to humble themselves which being ridiculous Crambs of miscarriages about the King are purposely omitted and proceeded afterwards to that boldness as to expostulate and refuse in Print the Tender of Union for several Reasons which we shall hint in its proper place In Ireland while the Deputy Ireton lay before Limerick which Siege had continued most part of the Summer the Irish played pranks offering at a redemption of their losses but were too far spent for though Colonel Venables Hewson and Reynolds were out in parties to attend their motion Sir Walter Dungan Stormed Ross-Town and Castle-Iordan and had carried the Castle of Ross but for want of Provision which made him in hast to retreat into his Fastnesses where the Marquess
Captain Appleton then at Legborn engaging of their Ships away the two Frigats made away from Longone and took a ship claimed by the Genoese and brought her to their Fleet whose Commander was now at Legborn interceding with that Duke for the liberty of Captain Appleton there restrained upon some picque for the Great Duke of Florence in whose tuition that City is was not over-qualified with respect to this Republick however his Interest and advantage of our Trade and famous Mart there kept him neutral and indifferent The Lord Hopton that most Renowned General in the West for the King departed this Warfare of Life in the end of September at Bruges in Flanders an Heroe worthy of Pompey's distanced Urns that each Region of the World should have inhumed a piece of him that his Interment might have been as large as his Fame which hath told the Universe the Glory of his Actions but what is so envied him was direfully indulged to the Royal Cause and the assertors of it Iacere uno non potuit tantae ruina loco All Nations and people saw and felt the woful Effects and Consequences of our subverted Monarchy and in that overthrow nothing was more miserable than the undeserved Wandrings and Distresses of these Loyal and most Noble Exiles whose Condition mindes us to attend it a little further Against the French Kings returning in peace to his tumultuous City of Paris in this Month wrought by the means and counsel of our Soveraign He with the rest of his Lords and Nobility then of his Council at Paris in great State went out to meet him and welcome him home to his Palace of the Louvre A most acceptable glad Complement to that Prince but a sad reduction to his own minde of that untamable force and injury by which he was kept out from his Kingdoms though now the progress of Providence did seem to verge and dispose events to the former course of the English Soveraignty For the French King before the Cardinals return gave most express assurance of his utmost assistance to the regaining his Crowns as soon as he had setled his own and was thereby rendered capable of doing it and the Dutch had now likewise made overtures to him of espousing his Interest and had granted him already free Ports in their Country for his Men of War to harbour in and sell their Prizes they should take and there was every day expectation of Prince Rupert to come and command a Squadron in that Service upon the Kings account The same forward hopes he had likewise received from several Princes of Germany viz. The Emperour himself with whom the King had one Mr. Taylor his Resident in honourable esteem the Marquess of Brandenburgh the Dukes of Brunswick and Lunenburgh and the rest of those Potentates His Couzen the Prince Elector Palatine was yet raw in the World having newly Frankendale delivered to him by the Spaniard who had kept it neer forty years as also from the King of Denmark A Diet was now also to be held at Ratisbone for the Election of a King of the Romans the onely opportune time for â—â—m to prosecute his business for supplies and assistance to recover his Rights finding all the respective Princes personally present Therefore the Lord Wilmot now honoured upon this grand Affair with the Title of Earl of Rochester the Duke of Buckingham was designed his Colleague was honoured with the Embassie thither and provision made to discharge the State and expence of it that the King might appear not altogether lost in the world or as an abject and forlorn Prince since not pitty of his misfortunes but indignation at his injuries was the best motive to his assistance and this becoming Grandeur was in good time set out amply and honourably enough by the liberal Purse of his dear Relations and the seasonable payment of his Money out of the French Treasury His Lordship departed home but in Ianuary and by the way of Heidelberg where the same Prince Elector was gone before arrived at Strasburgh and was with all possible evidence and expressions of Honour and Devotion to his Majesties cause and present business received by that most Illustrious and grand Assembly The Lord Wentworth was afterwards sent in the same Employment to the King of Denmark and by him welcomed and entertained with all demonstrations of love and affection becoming his Relation where the Dutch upon their engagement of saving that King harmless from any demand or whatsoever pretence of the English had engaged him to joyn in a League Offensive and Defensive with that State and to concur in any other designe whatsoever The King yet at Paris amidst a hundred Caresses Gratulations and Treatments given him by the King the Queen-Mother and all the Grandees of that Court upon the happy occasion of the late peaceful settlement The Dutch with extraordinary diligence and intent care of their honour and interest in this Quarrel had equipped another Fleet which was now committed to Van Trump though some rumours were spread as if he should be honourably laid aside in the administration of another Land-Office in the inspection of the Admiralty a Fleet of 300 Merchant-men bound for France and the Levant and these Occidental parts being ready for his Convoy Intelligence was now likewise given him that as formerly the States had been informed the English Fleet was no way recruited but that the most part of that Fleet with which De Wit Engaged was gone into Ports and that now Blake might be easily beaten in the Downs and so the Mouth of the River stopt the War come to a period and the Dutch have satisfaction for the damage done them and Sea-Towns in England put into their hands for future security and nothing less would content Hans in this Top-gallant humour On the 29 of November Trump presented himself with 80 Men of War and ten Fireships on the back-side of the Goodwyn again and according to expectation found General Blake attended with no more than forty and odd fail as if he had been ignorant how to use his late Victory which came now to the dispute and to be an undecided controversie again yet Blake generously disdaining to be affronted again in the Downs having called a Council of War it was concluded he should fight though at so unequal disadvantage but the Wind rising the Engagement was hindred till the next day and Anchoring the night before a little above Dover-road fair by the Enemy neer morning both Fleets plyed Westward we having the Weather-gage and about eleven or twelve a clock Engaged neer the same place where the first Encounter was but not with the same success for half the Fleet did not Engage the Victory Vantguard and the Triumph the Admiral-ship bore most of the stress of the Fight being at one time engaged with 20 Dutch men and were sorely torn in their Rigging Sails Yards and Hull yet they fought till after it was dark
to Dunkirk from his Prison at Carisbrook where none but a Barber and a sorry Tutor attended him besides Anthony Mildmay his Keeper where he was very joyfully received and thence conveyed to Brussels where he had further grandeurs and civilities done him and brought thence in the Princess of Aurange's Coach to Breda in Holland to the great joy of the Royal Family who every day feared his Life from those Bloody Usurpers Soon after he had enjoyed the Company of his Sister he was conducted into France by the Lord Langdale and the Lord Inchiqueen to visit his Mother his Royal Brothers and the Princess Henrietta whose delight and content in the fruition of him as one risen from the Dead I will not be so bold as to take upon me to express Some while before his arrival at Dunkirk and just upon the news of his leave and dismission out of England the French King had by the advice of the Cardinal Mazarine who was returned in great state to Court and Council being accompanied by most of the principal persons of that Kingdom and more particularly by the Duke of York who was in high Reputation in the Army and met by the King of France himsâ—lf out of the Town notwithstanding all the perswasions and obstructions that were used by the Queen-Mother of England and her Interest in that Crown sent hither Monsiâ—ur Bourdeaux Neuville a creature of the said Cardinals his Envoy hither to the Parliament who delivered his Letters to them on the 14â— but the Superscriptions not being as full and as ample as other Princes weâ—e they were returned again unbroken up to the Embassador who having others by him as was supposed presented them shortly after which were well â—eceived and an Answer promised to be with all speed returned The Portugal Embassador who had been in Treaty here about the Damages-done the English in 1649. came now to a conclusion thereof and there remaining 15500 l. in difference betwixt Him and the Parliaments Commissioners upon his submission and reference of it to the Parliament they defaulked and abated the said sum as a token of their respect and good will to that King M. Bourdeaux's Negotiation was most abominably resented here as well as abroad for a piece of the uncivilest policy the French were ever guilty of but the Cardinal could not be secure nor better ingratiate with the Traffiquers and Traders which consists of the Commonalty who had suffered more by English Sea-Rovery than by a Peace here the Superscription of those Letters being a meer Falsifie and a present satisfaction to the desires of the said Queen The Dutch Lion was now Rampant and roaring out Proclamations and Placaâ—â—s against bringing in any English Manufactures or holding correspondence with us as if he had the Prey under his Paws and were sure of Victory all Princes were made acquainted with this late success which lost nothing by carrying and their Friends and Allies encouraged to come in and take part of the spoil and to Friend and Foe they peremptorily forbid by a Declaration the supply of the English with any Utensils or provisions of War and Trump had already seized eleven Lubeckers laden with Eastland Commodities pretending to Ostend by which Lubeckers and Hamburgers most of the Holland-Trade in single ships was disguised so that the English ships resolved to seize all those that spoke IA without any Shiboleth or distinction Upon this score three Hamburgh ships laden with Plate coming from Cadiz were brought into Plymouth though they pretended to be bound for Flanders and that the Money belonged to the King of Spain and was consigned for the pay of his Armies immediately upon notice of their Seizure the Spanish Embassador at London made application by a special Audience in Parliament for their delivery and did most industriously sollicite and prosecute the same but the Wealth was too considerable and of as great concernment to their occasions in this Dutch War as the Spaniard could alledge any and therefore they remitted the Examination of the business to the Judges of the Admiralty where it proved a most tedious Affair one Mr. Violet a Goldsmith and Prosecutor for this State engaging himself most busily in procuring their adjudication for lawful Prize In Ireland the High Court of Iustice was now erected and in Circuit the first place of their sitting being at Kilkenny where the Grand Council of the Rebels in 1641. had their Residence and thence to Waterford Corke Dublin and Vlster c. They were attended and sate in very great State neer the pattern in England with 24 Halberdiers in good Apparel for their Guard and all other Officers sutable The President of this Court was one Justice Donelan an Irish Native pickt out on purpose for the greater terrour of the Delinquents to whom as assistants were joyned Justice Cook the Infamous Sollicitor against the King whom they would have most wickedly and by all abominable artifices by urging and soothing their Prisoners to confess as much entituled to that Rebellion but found not by all their scelerate practises what they sought for and Commissary-General Reynolds many persons were by these Condemned some of the chief whereof as Colonel Walter Bagnal Colonel Tool Colonel Mac Hugh and a greater number of lesser Quality suffered Death Bagnal being Beheaded a manner of Execution not usual in Ireland the Lord Clanmallero the Viscount Mayn and some others escaped but the Nation was was so generally scared and in such a fright that happy was he that could get out of it for no Articles were pleadable here and against a Charge of things done 12 years before little or no defence could be made and the cry that was made of Blood aggravated with the expressions of so much horrour and the no less daunting aspect of the Court quite contounded the amazed Prisoners so that they came like Sheep to the slaughter which had been such ravenous Wolves in preying upon the Lives of the poor unarmed English but the Spanish Army was so full of them and their late revolt at Burdeaux to the French side made them so suspicious that thereafter they became very unwelcome Auxiliaries and upon that account the Lord of Muskerry who had according to Articles Transported himself came back again to Ireland without leave and was taken and committed to Dublin-Castle and some while after Tried at the same High Court of Iustice. Sir Phelim O Neal that great and prime Ringleader of the Rebellion was likewise betrayed by his own party in February following at Vlster neer Charlemount and brought Prisoner to the Lord Caufield's house whose Father he had treacherously Murthered and sent with a Guard to the same place and Hanged and Quartered Insomuch that all Ireland was now wholly reduced for Colonel Barrow had taken most of the places in Vlster save what Forces were skulking in the Fastnesses and made a kinde of thieving War and that was yet
that though his Death be unknown yet his Life and the Renown of it is famous and the Glory of it Proclaimed throughout the World he set sail from those unfortunate Islands and arrived at Nants in Briâ—any in March with the Swallow and a Prize laden with Tobacco and a little Frigat and soon after his Arrival fell Sick but happily recovering he was invited to Paris and Complemented by the French King who sent the first Gentleman of his Chamber to salute him and highly and cordially welcomed by our Soveraign yet in that Court where now the whole Royal Family were very neer met together Monsieur Borâ—el Embassador from the Queen of Sweden being the third within the space of a year arrived in England about the same time and other Letters came again from the States of Holland and West-Friezsland to the Parliament the Dutch at the same time meditating on a speedy Peace and a potent carrying on of the War having prohibited the Greenland-Voyage again for that year and making all Expedition to set de Wit with another Fleet to Sea the Ballance of Victory standing still in aequilibrio for what was lost in the Channel was gained in the Streights and 't was concluded they that could raise most Men and Ships would be sure to carry it And their first designe was now upon our Colliers the great Nursery and Seminary of Sea-men for the Service whom if they could intercept being about 150 sail and but ten Men of War for their Convoy the Work was done A Fleet of 20 great ships and some little Frigats was dispatcht first and de Wit followed which first Squadron having been descryed by the Colliers at Sea they with their Convoy put into Scarborough and there under the protection of that Castle and new Platforms raised to gall the Dutch if they approached which was well perceived by them they Anchored till the Dutch drew quite off having pretended it twice before upon the coming of Vice-Admiral Pen with his Fleet that way The year ends with the release of Sir Iohn Gell and some Scotch Prisoners out of the Tower among whom was Mr. Robert Douglas and submission of the Lord Iniskillin Colonel Conuer and Mac Guire in Ireland upon the usual Terms of Transportation and an Act Constituting Iohn Bradshaw their bold President and their great Favourite to be Chancellor and Bartholomew Hall one of the Lord Whitlock's Dependants to be Atturney of the Dutchy of Lancaster that they might do something for their Friends before they dye And lo a Revolution A CHRONICLE OF THE CIVIL WARS OF ENGLAND SCOTLAND and IRELAND THE THIRD PART BEING The Protectorate Anno Dom. 1653. NOw to the reproach of Fortune and her glorious Pageant of an English Commonwealth which she had set up for another Wonder in the world to brave the Pyramids of Stone Colossus of Brass as to the defence of Times injury having subdued all likelihood or appearance of danger from without all Princes being ready to entertain their Friendship See the frailty of this structure the undermines and the cheating deceitful labour of their Architect and prime Workman in the Ground-work of this Republican Fabrick That Foundation was laid upon the Ruines of Monarchy the seeds whereof being laid in the King's Death through a four years corruption of time reared its Head now though with a forced and precoce blade a fading verdure that bespoke its unseasonableness and sudden perishment in the Family and Person of this Usurper and exerted it self afterwards in the Hundredfold Fruits of an yielding and obedient people to their Rightful Soveraign It was perceivable now what Chimera's were in the projection of the Commonwealth which had so many ambitious and covetous Masters every one of them managing his designe and stretching it to the same measure of perpetuity Sons and Nephews being brought into the Parliament and the same Relations upon the score of Inherent Merit brought into the Army and these interessedly opposite and contrary to one another the Single self to the reducing of it to Monarchical Regiment in this very Democratick form being solely intended so that it was little labour for Cromwel with his Instrument in his Hand to charm the several divided Factions of that Individuum vagum there being no other cement or obligation of their holding together but that glutinous and sticking Guilt of the Kings Blood and all places of Command and Profit were already in the Hands of his Friends and Favourites without any quarrel or indeed without any perceivance of his Grand designe which as it had worried the Kingdom to the destruction of the King so was it after to weary them with another Parliament by their barbarous and strange proceedings and so recommend himself to the People He indeed took a very happy juncture for the Execution of it just as the Scale of the Dutch difference was turned and Victory was inclining to the English and when a very potent Fleet was out at Sea and the Moneys at the rate of 120000 l. per mensem was just coming in and their Exchequer and other Receipts pretty full with the several Incomes Forfeitures and Revenues and as to his assurance of it he wanted not any assistance the Army onely his and a third part of the Parliament joyning with him in his Conspiracy which yet was a rash and hazardous venture There had been no Law nor Government before now even Prudence and Wisdom forsook the Grandees and Principals in the proceeding Rebellion For it was then clearly and truly judged that the setting up of this private and indeed debaucht Person and Family in opposition to the King the memory of whose super-excellent Vertues Gifts and Graces and His cruel Martyrdom were yet recent and His Heirs would presently ruine the Usurper for it being like to prove a War betwixt the Crown and Iack Cade it was rightly concludible that no longer than his Rebel-rout could be maintained and kept together could it be expected that Oliver's bloody house could stand The prosperous Rebel never boded this nor did he think it within his consideration his great aims were upon the Parliament an impotent and feeble Crue that stood upon his Crutches and yet threatned to beat him with them such Masters of Defence they were This made him forsake his Wiles and Fabian delays and with his Sword riddle the Oracle of this Delphick Parliament by its dissolution Fate never played such a frolick prank nor was there ever such a Scene of Mirth in all her Mazes and Varieties of Government Nor often do wicked great men survive the infamy and dishonour of their Actions and live the infamous obloquie and reproach of themselves but as if God would invert the threatned punishment of the breach of the fifth Commandment these unexampled parricides were decreed to outlive the desire of Life and to see all their Greatness buried their Reputation abroad and their Dread at home fallen into such Ignominy and Disgrace
for Mac Cloud and Mac Eldow had Articled some time before to render the last Arms that were taken up for his Majesty in that Kiâ—gdom And so we dismiss that War with this valedictory Elogie to both those honourable Generals the one of them just ceased his indefatigable industry for the Recovery of the Kings Rights and had a Royal Conge and Writ of Emeriâ—us est and the other like an Altern Luminary began or rather renewed his auspicious aspect upon the Kings Restitution so that the brightness of the Majesty of Scotland was never totally obscured and long may they now shine together without diminution to each others lustre in this glorious Firmament of his Majesties present and perpetual Empire In England the French Embassadors prosecuted the Treaty amâ—in and with very great secrecy but some mistake happening in point of civility and ceremony by Monsieur de Baas Bourdeaux's Colleague he returned into France to meet a report of his carriage at Paris from whence upon timely overture of the proceedings in that affair our Soveraign withdrew and departed to the Spaw by Leige where he was magnificently treated by that City and so onward in his journey to meet the Princess of Aurange his Sister who had left her Son the Prince in Holland where the divisions about his being Stadtholder were as high as ever and to help them forward Cromwel writ to the States of Zealand to perswade them to the Holland-resolution which the Towns of Campen and Swol had so far withstood as to accept and Swear Prince William of Frizeland to be their Stadtholder during the minority of the Prince of Aurange which was 19 years or till he should be capable of the Government The Duke of York was to have Commanded as Lieutenant-General of the French Army in Italy but this unhandsome Peace disobliged his better-deserving and victorious Arms and turned them afterward against such thankless and regardless Relations he continued yet nevertheless at Paris till after the said Treaty was concluded and then took his Farewel of that unkinde and politick Court Prince Rupert was now at Vienna where he was highly Complemented and presented by the Emperour and from thence came back to Heydelberg Prince Cromwel who was now wholly out of action having laid his Scene in the Counties and Boroughs for Elections to the ensuing Parliament gave himself and the Town a little recreation It happened on a Friday in Iuly that desirous to divert himself with driving of his Coach and six Horses in Hide-park with his Secretary Thurloe in it like Mephistophilus and Doctor Faustus careering it in the Air to try how he could govern Horses since Rational Creatures were so unruly and difficult to be reined like another Phaeton he fell in the Experiment from the Coach-box which was presently posted into the City and many ominous and true Conjectures made of his certain Catastroâ—phâ— one of the ingenious Songs on the occasion ending in this presagioâ—â— Rythme Every Day and Hour hath shew'd us his power But now he hath shew'd us his Art His first Reproach was a fall from a Coach His next will be from a Cart. According to the late Instrument of Government of 42 Strings or Articles one whereof was that a Parliament should be callâ—d every three years the first the third of September next He accordingly Issued out his Writs the Election to be made one and the same day throughout England most of the Boroughs had but one Burgess and the Shires some of them six or seven Knights all of them under sure qualifications of not having been or being of the Cavalier-party There were 30 also by the Instrument Elected for Scotland and as many for Ireland all or most of whom were English Commanders On the third of September they met and adjourned from the House to the Abbey where Mr. Marshal Preached and so to the Painted Chamber where they had a Message from the Protector to invite them to a Sermon the next day again when Dr. Goodwyn Preached and the Protector came in great State in his Coach Cleypole the Master of his Horse and Strickland the Captain of his Guard bare-headed on both sides At his entrance into the Church Lambert carried the Sword before him and Whitlock the Purse The Sermon done to the Painted Chamber again and there in a Speech he set forth these Heads That some few years ago none would have thought of such a Door of Hope that he knew there were yet many Humours and Interests and that Humours were above Interest that the condition of England was like Israel in the Wilderness of which the Sermon was that this was a Healing day there was neither Nobleman nor Gentleman nor Yeoman before known by any distinction we had not any that bore Rule or Authority but a great Contempt of Magistracy and Christ's Ordinances That the Fifth-Monarchy was highly cried up by persons who would Assume the Government but that desired thing wanted greater manifestation than appeared for such men to change the Authority by And this directed at the late Parliament He desired this Honourable Assembly to remedy all these Disorders shewed that the Wars with Portugal French and Dutch do and did eat up the Assessments that swarms of Iesuits are crept in to make Divisions which were grown so wide that nothing but his Government could remedy them and let men say what they will he could speak it with comfort before a greater than any of them Then he shewed what he had done during his Government First his endeavour of Reforming the Laws having joyned all parties to assist in that great Work Next his filling the Benches with the ablest Lawyers Then his Regulation of the Court of Chancery and his Darling-Ordinance for approbation of Ministers which hindred all that list from invading the Ministry by men of both perswasions Presbyterians and Independents c. And lastly his being Instrumental to call a Free Parliament which he valued and would keep it so above his life Then he shewed the advantages of the Peace with Dutch Dane and Swede and the Protestant Interest which he would have them improve and intend chiefly That they were now upon the edge of Canaan That he spake not as their Lord but their Fellow-servant And then bad them go and chuse their Speakâ—r which they did without presenting of him his Name William Lenthal the old Chair-man and next day fell upon the Instrument as they had Voted by Parts as it lay and questioned the Power which Oliver understanding to put them out of that Course which touched his Copy-hold after 9 days he came to the Painted Chamber and sending for them declared and asserted four Fundamentals in the Instrument which they were not to meddle with or to alter 1. The Government by a Single person and Parliament 2. The Imperpetuity of Parliaments or continued Succession â— The Militia which was his onely And 4. Liberty of Conscience And that a
Free Parliament was but a reciprocation for that power which made him a Protector made them a Parliament and therefore was very sorry they should go about to destroy the Settlement which to prevent and cease such Debates though he denied any Negative Voice he was necessitated to appoint a Tâ—st or Recognition of the Government as it was established by every Member before they sate in the House again This bogled at the first three quarters of them especially the Commonwealths-men and those of the late Long Parliament so that of four hundred and odd there appeared but two hundred but were made up at last three hundred for the old ones would not be baulked so and fell afrâ—sh upon the same dispuâ—es and ran out all the Articles resolving to put the whole judgement of the House upon them into one entire Bill and so present it but in truth to spin out time and work upon the Protector 's occasions for Money which was proposed in the House and coldly and slowly considered Just at their sitting down the Protector published several Ordinances which being passed and bore date before were to pass as Authentick as Acts by the Instrument one for paying the Money into the Treaâ—â—â—y that was raised for the propagation of the Gospel in Wales another for making Souldiers free of all Corporations and to exercise any Trades another to turn out all honest men under the notion of scandalous Preachers and Ministers Common-Prayer being their chiefest imputation and a fourth to survey Kings Lands c. and for doubling upon Deans and Chapters which sales those many changes of Power had much retarded and depretiated The more occult cause of the publication of these Ordinances was to let the Parliament understand that Oliver took his Instrument to be in a good Case and sufficiently warranted already Amidst these Jars and discords about it the Serpentine Charms of Cardinal Mazarine had lulled the Protector in an imaginable Dream of the worlds Wealth and rich Empire of America to divert his neer designes upon the neighbourhood of France to which War he was the rather enclined from the near allyance of this Crown to that and having excluded its Interest in Holland to drive it out of that Kingdom But the policy of the Cardinal so outreached that designe that it extended his thoughts to the other World giving him the fruition of Great Alexander's Wish This complot between them which of the Spanish and English side very much conduced to the French was most pertinaciously secreted to the very time of publick Hostility in those American parts though it was guessed at and the noise of Hispaniola was very rife in discourse about this time The Protector began to Arm for the expedition in November and December 2000 men old Royalists and reduced necessitated persons making up the gross of the Army to which some Red-coats for the more terrour and assurance were added being drawn by Lot out of the several Regiments The Command of the Land-service was conferred upon Colonel now General Venables a confident of Cromwels who very unmanly carried his Wife with him and General Pen for Sea who at the end of December was ready at Portsmouth where attended Colonel Hayns Major-General of the Army and departed first with the Rear-Admiral Blag for Barbadoes and was followed soon after by the whole Fleet who had on board Commissioners for managing the Treasure that was expected from the Mountains of Gold which Publicans like Achans in the Camp were one chief cause of the successlessness of this Indian War On the 29 of Ianuary following the whole Fleet arrived after a good and speedy passage at Carlisle-Bay in the Isle of Barbadoes all except the two Charities which were driven by Weather into Ireland putting out to Sea after the Fleet and were much wanted the Horses for the service being aboard them and here for a while we leave them The Parliament after they had chawed upon the Recognition and voted it not to bâ— taken as absolute in every point of the Instrument limited it onely to the Single person and successive Parliaments and continued their debates as high as ever resolving themselves into a Grand Committee to examine every particle of it another to hear and examine the Case of the Lord Craven and Sir Iohn Stawel and to give redress to them for there were abundance of good Patriots in the House and who were resolved to do their Country service The Cases were accordingly heard Mr. Serjeant Maynard of Counsel with the Lord Craven and Latch for the Purchasers who argued it very hard but before a Report could be made which was in favour of his Lordship Cromwel terminated his hopes and it was in vain to look for remedy from him for that would deter all future Purchasers and the Parliaments sitting for he had never heard from them since their coming thither telling them after many good morrows of a designe of the common Enemy to whose hands it was then agreed by some of themselves whom he could discover to deliver the Cause and the good people c. and so they parted Cromwel spake not without book for at that time he held good intelligâ—nce with one Manning one of the Clerks belonging to the Secretary with the King now at Colen where he was most amply and with more than customary honours welcomed from the Spaw and Aken in Germany From Colen the King to convey his Sister into Holland brought her on hâ—r way to Dusseldorp to the Duke of Newburgh where they were no less sumptuously treated thence the King journeyed with the Princess as â—ar as Benningen on the way and returned to Hunt with the said Duke the King 's Cordial and most Noble Friend At his return to Colen the Marquess of Ormond had conducted and brought away the Duke of Gloucester from the Jesuits Colledge at Paris who with the Queen-Mother that sent the Marquess of Praslin and the Lord Abbot Mountague to perswade him him to stay and not to displease his Mother but follow her advice which was to have him trained up in the Romish Religion laboured to that purpose but the young Prince understanding his Brothers pleasure answered according as his blessed Father had enjoyned him That he was to obey his Soveraign before his Mother and so came away with the Marquess to the King General Blake was in the interim set to Sea for the Streights and it was given out to intercept the Duke of Guise who was then going to invade the Kingdom of Naples but he was landed 14 days before he came to that Coast though he might have prevented him if he had had such Commission but the League was certainly struck betwixt the Cardinal and Protector however they vâ—nted such talk to amuse the Spaniard for every day there was news of a Rupture and an Embargo in France and the Cardinals Regiment was in good â—arnest drawn down to the Sea-side by Deip on purpose
entailing his Estate upon his Grand-son as divining what his Son with whom he died in feud would come to General Blake was yet in the Streights demanding satisfaction of the Algier-Pirates for the depredations committed on the English and required the delivery of the Captives of our Nation whose number was very great but neither of these would be hearkned to whereupon Blake sent in a threatning Message to which they returned in scorn and contempt this Answer Here are our Castles of Guletto and Castles of Porta Ferino do what you can do ye think we fear the shew of your Fleet A Council of War being called upon this daring affront it was resolved to Burn those ships in Ferino in defiance of their Stone-line Forts and Castles well furnished with Ordinance and manned with the whole Country adjacent On the 4 of April the attempt was made Blake and the greater ships with their seconds coming within Musquet-shot of the Castle and Line which in two hours time they rendred defenceless dismounting all the Great Guns and clattering the Stones so about their Ears that the Enemy abandoned them having seen their nine Ships and Frigats burning in the mean time which was done by Boats from every ship during this hot service atchieved in this honourable manner Blake set sail again to the same place and renewed his Demand and was Answered in another strain that not Ours but now Those were the Castles and ships of the Grand Seigniour who would be sure to require an account of them In conclusion they came to Treat and did what they were beaten to for else they saw their Thieving Trade would be short Nathaniel Fiennes second Son to the Lord Say and the once-famous Governour of Bristol was made Cromwel's Lord Privy-Seal Recorder Steel a growing Favourite for his Speeches Lord Chief-Baron and Lambert yet above-board Lord-Warden of the Cinque Ports and soon after Serjeant Glyn was made Lord Chief Justice of England Mr. Parker and Vnton Crook the Father made Serjeants For Military Commanders Colonel Reynolds was â—ow Knighted and ordered to carry it with him to grace Henry Cromwel then preparing â—or his journey into Ireland to be inaugurated Lord-Lieutenant in place of Fleetwood where he arrived in the middle of Iuly and Captain Vnton Crook was rewarded for his late service with 200 l. per annum The Scoâ—câ— Council was nominated and dispatched also viz. General Monke Lord Broughill President Colonel Howard now Earl of Carlisle Colonel Adrian Scroop Colonel Cooper Colonel Wetham Mr. Desborough Colonel Lockhart Laird Swinton and Downing Secretary It was omitted that Sir Gilbert Pickering was entituled Lord-Chamberlain to Oliver and that he had a Guard of Halberdiers in Grey-coats Welted with Black-Velvet in the same manner and custom as the Kings of England used them but this Satellitium and Band of Bailiffs was rather out of fear than in regard to the honour of their Attendance Sir William Constable one of the Kings Judges Governour of Gloucester and the last of his Name which rots in his dust died now and was buried in the Military way in Henry the 7th's Chappel lighted into his Tomb with a terrible Fire in the opposite Town of Lambeth A new Plot was now started and most of the Nobility and Gentlemen of England secured Sir Geoffrey Palmer Lord Willoughby of Parham Lord Lovelace Earl of Lindsey Lord Newport and Sir Richard Wingfield Lords Maynard Petre Lucas and Faulkland Sir Frederick Cornwallis c. and this done by Manning whose Villany was not yet discovered though to render an entire account of him his death was before related County-Troops were now also established for security to his Highness such Trooper 8 l. a year pay and more in case of service a Captain 100 l. and Officers proportionably and as these new Forces were raised here so were other old ones disbanded in Scotland and Ireland in which last place the Disbanded were yet to be the same kinde of standing Militia they being setled in the Rebel Forfeited Lands their Tenure being their service and thus that Kingdom was re-peopled An Agent that had come hither from Ragotski Prince of Transilvania now departed the Conspiracy betwixt whom and the King of Sweden and the Swede and Cromwel was just ripe for Execution For the terrible news came that Carolus Gustavus with an Army of 20000 Swedes was landed in Pomerania and fallen into Poland and that the Palatinate of Posen had submitted and the Vice-Chancellor Radzikousky was come in and complied with that King and little doubt was made of his over-running that Kingdom the like Treachery and other divisions among the discontented Nobility opening him a way Cromwel's reach in this War was to divert the Emperour who was arming apace in aid of the King of Spain and defence of the House of Austria against the French as foreseeing also the rupture of the Peace with the Spaniard by Cromwel in the Low-Countries and a Peace once by this ballance effected to espouse the quarrel of our King to the same purpose the Transilvanian was engaged who like a stormy Cloud hung over the Imperial Dominions so that no assistance could be had from this part of the World This highly disappointed the Spaniard and retarded those hopes of our King in order to his Restitution by Arms. He was yet at Colen and caressed by several Princes who Honoured his Privacy among many others the Landtgrave of Hessen gave him an honourable Visit and Prince Rupert returned from the Emperour gave him his due attendance to evidence that the Relation of a King in some such cases may be without a Kingdome or Subjects A Swedish Embassador Named Christian Bond arrived here neer the same time and was in great State received according to the Amplitude of his Highness and Rolt a Bed-chamber-man of this Altess was sent recipocrally to the King of Sweden but was neer quitting the Cost of his Journey by a terrible Storm About the time the news came of his getting ashore in safety Hannum a most notorious Thief suspected of the Robbery of the King at Colen in which parts he was no stranger broke Prison and escaped likewise From the noble Exploit of Porta Ferino Blake sailed to Cadiz and those parts of Spain where he found that the Armada of Spain was at Sea to look after the arrival of their India-Fleet and it fell out that the English and Spaniards met together in those Seas the Spaniards being 32 ships in all but no quarrel happened for neither had Commission to right The same indifferent but more cowardly temper at the same instant in August made the Iamaica-Fleet returning home suffer the longed-for Plate-Fleet to pass untought when discovered in the Gulf of Florida upon their Voyage to Spain so that none of the Fates were wanting to make this the most unglorious undertaking of the English Upon a resolution taken by a Council of War at Iamaica the greatest
Land be observed and kept and no Laws altered Suspended Abrogated Repealed or new Laws made but by Act of Parliament 7. For a constant yearly Revenue ten hundred thousand pounds to be setled for maintenance of the Navy and Army and three hundred thousand pounds for support of the Government besides other Temporary supplies as the Commons in Parliament shall see the necessities of the Nations to require 8. That the number of the Protector 's Council shall not be above one and twenty whereof the Quorum to be seven and not under 9. The Chief Officers of State as Chancellors Keepers of the Great Seal c. to be approved of by Parliament 10. That his Highness would encourage a Godly Ministry in these Nations and that such as do revile or disturb them in the Worship of God may be punished according to Law and where the Laws are defective new ones to be made in that behalf 11. That the Protestant Christian Religion as it is contained in the Old and New Testaments be asserted and held forth for the publick profession of these Nations and no other and that a Confession of Faith be agreed upon and recommended to the People of these Nations and none be permitted by Words or Writings to revile or reproach the said Confession of Faith c. Which he having Signed declared his acceptance in these Words That he came thither that day not as to a Triumph but with the most serious thoughts that ever he had in all his life being to undertake one of the greatest Burthens that ever was laid upon the back of any Humane Creature so that without the support of the Almighty he must sink under the weight of it to the damage and prejudice of these Nations This being so he must ask help of the Parliament and of those that fear God that by their Prayers he might reâ—â—ive assistance from God For nothing else could enable him to the discharge of so great a Duty and Trust. That seeing this is but an Introduction to the carrying on of the Government of these Nations and there being many things which cannot be supplied without the assistance of the Parliament it was his duty to ask their help in them not that he doubted for the same Spirit that had led the Parliament to this would easily suggest the same to them For his part nothing would have induced him to take this unsupportable Burthen to Flesh and Blood but that he had seen in the Parliament a great care in doing those things which might really answer the ends that were engaged for and make clearly for the Liberty of the Nations and for the Interest and Preservation of all such as fear God under various Forms And if these Nations be not thankful to them for their care therein it will fall as a Sin on their Heads Yet there are some things wanting that tend to Reformation to the discountenancing Vice and encouragement of Vertue but he spake not this as in the least doubting their progress but as one that doth heartily desire to the end God may Crown their Work that in their own time and with what speed they judge fit these things may be provided for There remained onely the solemnity of the Inauguration or Investiture which being agreed upon by the Committee and the Protector was by the Parliament appointed to be performed in Westminster-hall where at the upper end thereof there was an ascent raised where a Chair and Canopy of State was set and a Table with another Chair for the Speaker with Seats built Scaffold-wise for the Parliament on both sides and places below for the Aldermen of London and the like All which being in a readiness the Protector came out of a Room adjoyning to the Lords House and in this order proceeded into the Hall First went his Gentlemen then a Herald next the Aldermen another Herald the Attorney-General then the Judges of whom Serjeant Hill was one being made a Baron of the Exchequer Iune 16. then Norroy the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury and the Seal carried by Commissioner Fiennes then Garter and after him the Earl of Warwick with the Sword born before the Protector Bare-headed the Lord Mayor Titchborn carrying the City-Sword by the special Coaks of the Protector by his left Hand Being seated in his Chair on the left hand thereof stood the said Titchborn and the Dutch Embassador the French Embassador and the Earl of Warwick on the Right next behinde him stood his Son Richard Fleetwood Claypool and the Privy Council upon a lower descent stood the Lord Viscount Lisle Lords Montague and Whitlock with drawn Swords Then the Speaker Sir Thomas Widdrington in the Name of the Parliament presented to him a Robe of Purple-Velvet a Bible a Sword and a Scepter all which were precious Tokens of the Parliaments favour At the delivery of these things the Speaker made a short Comment upon them to the Protector which he divided into four parts as followeth 1. The Robe of Purple this is an Emblem of Magistracy and imports Righteousness and Iustice. When you have put on this Vestment I may say you are a Gown-man This Robe is of a mixt colour to shew the mixture of Iustice and Mercy Indeed a Magistrate must have two bands Plectentem amplectentem to cherish and to punish 2. The Bible is a Book that contains the Holy Scriptures in which you have the happiness to be well vers'd This Book of Life consists of two Testaments the Old and New the first shews Christum Velatum the second Christum Revelatum Christ Vailed and Revealed it is a Book of Books and doth contain both Precepts and Examples for good Government 3. Here is a Scepter not unlike a Staff for you are to be a Staff to the Weak and Poor it is of antient use in this kinde It 's said in Scripture that the Scepter shall not depart from Iudah It was of the like use in other Kingdoms Homer the Greek Poet calls Kings and Princes Scepter-bearers 4. The last thing is a Sword not a Military but Civil Sword it is a Sword rather of defence than offence not to defend your self onely but your People also If I might presume to fix a Motto upon this Sword as the Valiant Lord Talbot had upon his it should be this Ego sum Domini Protectoris ad protegendum populum meum I am the Protector to protect my People This Speech being ended the Speaker took the Bible and gave the Protector his Oath afterwards Mr. Manton made a Prayer wherein he recommended the Protector Parliament Council the Forces by Land and Sea Government and People of the three Nations to the protection of God Which being ended the Heralds by sound of Trumpet Proclaimed his Highness Protector of England Scotland and Ireland and the Dominions thereunto belonging requiring all persons to yield him due obedience At the end of all the Protector with his Train carried up by
Affairs at a stand till something were resolved in this point they came in a very full House to this well-qualified Resolution Resolved That this House will transact with the persons now sitting in the Other House as an House of Parliament during this present Parliament And that it is not hereby intended to Exclude such Peers as have been faithful to the Parliament from their priviledge of being duly summoned to be Members of that House The House of Commons between the Protector the Other House and the General Council of Officers now summoned to meet at Wallingford-house may well be conceived at this time to have had a Wolf by the Ears and having shewed themselves English-men and not Slaves had reason to entertain wary Counsels having some of their own Members undermining them without doors and foreseeing a Dissolution though not knowing whether they should die a Violent or Natural death or have a mixt kinde of Disease as it fell out afterwards And therefore they resolved not to own them in the Other House as Lords but called them The persons now sitting in the Other House of Parliament neither would they treat and confer with them in the usual way as with the House of Peers and therefore found out the new word of Transacting and not intending to have to do with them but for a tryal they limited the time to be during this present Parliament which they foresaw would not be long and to Muzzle the new inconsiderable Upstarts sufficiently if they should take too much upon them they asserted the priviledge of the ancient Peers as a good reserve if the Parliament should by the Protector and Army be suffered upon second thoughts to sit longer than was first intended And resolved also That they would receive no Message from those persons sitting in the Other House but by some of their own number The House of Commons by this time had also by a Saving Vote concerning the Fleet asserted their interess in the Militia and had under consideration an Act for taking away all Laws Statutes and Ordinances concerning the Excise and new Impost and concerning Customes Tunnage and Poundage after three years And had vindicated the peoples Liberties by setting Major-General Overton and Mr. Portman and divers others illegally committed by the late Protector at Liberty without paying Fees and declaring their Imprisonment and Detention illegal and unjust and had their Lord-Jaylor Berkstead and others at their Bar under question for the same who was also Arrested upon the Exchange in London at the Suit of the said Overton for false Imprisonment And had also a high resentment of the illegal sending Free-born English-men against their wills to the Barbadoes and other Forrain Plantations and to the Isles of Guernsey and Iersey out of the reach of the Writ of Habeas Corpus and had appointed a strict Bill to be prepared for remedy thereof And had Examined and discovered many other Grievances brought upon the people by the Officers and Farmers of the Excise and others and by Major-Generals amongst which Butler was for his insolent actings and high affronts to the Law and Courts of Justice put out of the Commission of the Peace and a Committee appointed to draw up an Impeachment against him The Committee also for Inspection before-mentioned had brought in and reported to the House the state of the publick Accounts and of the Martial and Civil Lists in the three Nations by which it did appear That the yearly Incomes of England Scotland and Ireland came to Eighteen hundred sixty eight thousand seven hundred and seventeen pounds And the yearly Expences to Two Millions two hundred and one thousand five hundred and forty pounds So that Three hundred thirty two thousand eight hundred twenty three pounds of Debt incurred yearly by the ill management of double the Revenue that ever King of England enjoyed And to maintain the unjust Conquest of Scotland cost us yearly One hundred sixty three thousand six hundred and nineteen pounds more than the Revenue it yielded Many other particulars were under their consideration as to the Religion and Civil Rights of the people too long now to be mentioned but in short to give them their due they did some good whilest they sate both to the publick and particulars and intended much more and did no hurt gave no Offices nor Gratuities to themselves out of the publick Treasure nor granted any money from the people which is more than can be said of any Parliament in our memory Proceeding thus successfully and hopefully to the general satisfaction of the people in the three Nations who chose them the Protector and chief Officers of the Army who were jealous of one another before and Competitors for Government grew now jealous of the House of Commons also who being the Representatives of the people were become also their Minions and Favourites It was therefore now thought seasonable to contend among themselves for the power before the people should recover it from them both In order to which the General Council of Officers kept their constant Meetings at Wallingford-house and the Protector with his party countermined them at White-hall but we must interrupt the thred of this story to iâ—tromit the year 1659. which began with the Voyage into the Sound Anno Dom. 1659. THe former respects and mutual designes betwixt the King of Sweden and Cromwel which had been promoted so far as to a Treaty concerning places of caution for our Engagement and Expence in the Danish War Elsenore-Castle newly taken by the Swede Gottenburgh in his own Province being demanded and Gluckstad and another place offered in lieu thereof though without any conclusion by the Death of Cromwel obliged his son Richard and the Council upon the request of the Swede to send a Fleet into the Baltick-sea and in the mean time Sea-Officers and Seamen were taken into his Service who set to Sea in December before but by stormy and cold weather were forced back again divers of them by the hardship of the Voyage dying at their return under the Command of Sir George Ayscue who was upon his arrival to be Commissioned High-Admiral of Sweden to mate the Dutch who then openly sided with the Dane and had a Fleet of War ranging thereabouts The Parliament likewise to secure the Commerce and Trade of those parts condescended to the Expedition with the Conditions and Limitations aforesaid At the end of March General Montague was Commissioned by Richard with a Fleet of 40 sail of the best ships and manned accordingly who in ten days time from Yarmouth arrived at the Scaw and so to Elsenore where the King of Sweden was before the Dutch Vice-Admiral de Ruyter who was coming with another Fleet out of Holland to re-inforce his Admiral Opdam then at Copenhagen The General here met with Instructions from his Majesty to whose Cause he had upon the disposition of affairs betwixt the Army and Protector devoted himself
Col. Read's and Col. Fairfax's Regiments were at his service On the Twenty first he marched to Lithgow with some Horse and Foot intending for Ayre but understanding that his own Lieutenant-Col Holms was got there before him who was an Anabaptist being loth to receive any opposition in the beginning of his Enterprise he returned and under his own Hand and Seal constituted and commissioned several Officers in the room of those he had secured and forthwith sent away for Fairfax's Read's and Cobbet's Regiments to March and joyn with him leaving Captain Winter with Two hundred men to keep the Citadel of Saint Iohnstons which like number and no more he left in the other Three upon his departure for England and Rendezvouz'd his other Forces the last of October and dispatcht away Letters to the Speaker Fleetwood Lambert as also to Hull where Overton was now Governour by the Pearl-Frigot and lastly a Letter to the gathered Churches for he was to fight with these Hypocrites at their own Weapons Colonel Pearson one of General Monkes Officers in Scotland was by order hence sent down as to his Charge there but secretly to corrupt and incline the Army to Lambert but arriving at Newcastle and understanding by several transfuges from Scotland of the Anabaptist Perswasion what course G. Monke had taken he staid there his Field-Officers being in custody already except Lieutenant-Col Keyn newly released during his stay here Letters were by his means intercepted as they were carrying to Exeter and Devonshire sowed up in a mans Doublet without any direction but Signed with his own Hand and Written by Master after Sir William Clark wherein he gave his Friends notice to stand upon their Guard and that as soon as the Army was drawn from London the City would declare with him as he expected likewise they would c. Pearson at the sending up of these Letters a Treaty being then mentioned betwixt both parties and to which end the discarded Officers as Whally and Goffe Mr. Caryl and Mr. Barker Independent Ministers went in the way of Brotherly-love to move and perswade him gave this Comment of them as one well acquainted with his General That what ever he pretended he scorned all their messages and overtures meerly winning time by them and that nothing but force could reduce him Col. after Major General Morgan upon the same pretences with Col. Whally c. went out of Yorkshire to Scotland and joyned with the General as he had received an invitation from him by a private Messenger and did mainly assist in this ground-work to the conclusion and perfection thereof In the mean while it was resolved by the Officers here for fear of the worst and to be ready against all accidents if no good could be done by this fair way of Message to send down Lambert with most of the Army Northwards and there in that posture to expect the issue and he very willingly it being his own advice undertook it having refused and declined those tenders and offers which particularly my Lord Hatton made to him in the name of the King If he would now at last mind his own good and the Kingdoms in returning to his Allegiance and convert his designs for himself to the service of his Soveraign in his Restitution the said Lord further assuring him that if he did it not it would be presently done without him beyond his power of remedying it and that therefore he should not let slip such an opportunity of raising himself and his posterity But he replying upon the Army-Interest which if it could have been cemented with money would have caused a hazardous opposition to any other and the Anabaptist-party now very numerous and at this time uppermost for that had its turn too as well as Presbytery and Independency but swayed not so long all the other Sects centring here for now was the time of the fulness and visible power of Sion as it was counted by these People resolved to proceed on this Expedition and if fortune favoured him there he feared no other Enemy to his ambition On the Third of November a very ominous day as it was observed by reason the Long-Parliament sate down that day in One thousand six hundred and forty he departed from London by Ware-road and hastned to New-castle just as Col. Barrow was returned from Ireland with the supposed acquiescence of that Kingdome in this change Tomlinson Iohn Iones and Corbet who were then the Governours and Commissioners declaring as much but Sir Charles Coot Sir Hardress Waller upon different grounds and his party combined against it There was a project to get the City to write to General Monke for a good Understanding where Master now Sir William Wild very opportunely for the Times he being a most knowing and upright Gentleman was chosen Recorder in place of young Master Green deceased General Monke removed the Officers he had secured in Timptallon-Castle to the Basse-Island out of all way of Communication and sent Major Knight of his own Regiment of Horse with five Troops as far as Morpeth in Northumberland and upon notice of the readiness of Lambert drew out more Southwards for a Bravado to let them see how resolved and prepared their General was and departed In the same instant Col. Talbot and Mr. Thomas Clargis his Excellencies Brother-in-law were sent with another Complement from hence to ingratiate with the General and now he is pleased though he had refused Goff and Whally Regicides and Caryl their Priest whose person he yet outwardly liked to accept of a Treaty and Col. Wilks Lieutenant-Col Clobery and Major Knight were appointed his Commissiomers to go for London to Treat with Three more and in the mean while his Forces should not stir further Southwards These upon their journey Lambert met with and hoping their Errand would end in an acquiescence as they promised did acquisce himself and await the Issue which upon the arrival of them at London came to a speedy result though Three Kingdoms were the subject of this Treaty betwixt Six unlearned men and like a happy Revelation was cryed about the Streets the next morning the Heads were these Novemb. 16. They were proposed the Seventeenth concluded viz. The Family of the King utterly to be excluded a Free-State Setled the Ministry and Vniversities encouraged the Generals Officers imprisoned to be released and a general Indemnity of the Parliament-party and the Armies to retire presently into Quarters and Three Army-Officers of each Kingdome and a general Council of them with ten Sea-Offâ—cers and I know not what Embryo to meet on the Sixth of December at Whitehall and to conclude as Vane had codled it about which time Captain Robinsons's and Captain Deans's Troops deserted him Robinson bringing his Troop away with him his Brother being then Clerk of the Committee of Safety and allied by Marriage of a Daughter to Sir Nicholas Crispe But the General was intent upon another more
with matters of Religion the Militia Qualifications and Writs for Elections and in the interim endeavours were used more especially at Hull by Major Gen. Overton to debauch part of the Army at York and the same tricks also at Chester with the Irish Brigades but were Defeated and came to nothing Therefore Col. Lambert refusing to put in security of Twenty thousand pounds was now at last Committed to the Tower to prevent any future danger from the unsatisfied part of the Souldiery About this time died Carolus Gustavus King of Sweden The Engagement made by the remnant of the Parliament Viz. I do declare and promise that I will be true and faithful c. was now ordered to be expunged out of the Journal-book of the House of Commons which made the Phanaticks begin to fear their unjust Possessions Hull was now delivered to Col. Fairfax according to the Generals Order The Inscription under the Statue of King Charles the first in the Exchange London Exit Tyrannus was expunged and blotted out by a private hand According to the Parliament resolves to Dissolve themselves and being pressed by the General whose well-governed impatience of the Kings return permitted not the least delay in that dangerous place Writs were ordered to be issued out for the Election of Members in the ensuing Parliament in the name of The Keepers of the Liberty of England by Authority of Parliament and the Bill of their Dissolution being read and passed leaving a power in the Council of State in the interval of Parliament to govern the Nations they broke up and so this long-lasting Parliament which hath done and suffered so many strange things came with fair expectations to a peaceable conclusion but shall never want the Elegies and the doleful complaints of the three Kingdoms The Parliament being thus Dissolved the first thing the Council of State acted was the emitting of a Proclamation forbidding all Persons whatsoever to make applications to any of the Officers and Souldiers in the Army in the way of Agitating declaring that pernitious course was the ruine of the King and Kingdome in the years 1647 and 48. This actuated with a diligent eye upon some suspected persons and securing of others happily retained the Army in their duty and obedience to the bringing about his Majesties Restitution which was every day more visible The Council of State were hammering a Proclamation requiring such qualifications as were intended by Parliament for the Election of Members to be strictly observed whereby Cavaliers were to be excluded but there were enow Royallists besides to do that great and happy work which was soon after accomplisht and yet in the mean while made Addresses to the King some Letters passing from them to him being unhappily delayed by the death of Mr. Annesley Brother to the now Earl of Anglesey who was drowned as he was taking Boat to proceed in his Voyage for the delivery of them to the King Mr. Barebone and Mr. Scot signed an Engagement wherein they promised to live peaceably but divers others of that Faction for agitating and other misdemeanors were secured and committed to prison the Elections in the interim went hopefully on and the Militia was every where well established A Letter was sent by the Council to the Bassa of Algier for releasing the Lord Inchequeen and his Son who were lately taken by a Turkish Pirate neer the Port of Lisbon and carried to Algier Colonel Massey appeared in Gloucestershire with an intention to stand for an Election there he was ordered to appear before the Council which he did and was afterwards unanimously chosen one of the Burgesses for that City as Major-General Brown who sate with the secluded Members before with the Recorder Sir William Wilde and Sir Iohn Robinson with whom the General constantly conversed in the suspence of his declaring himself but was riddled to the Royallists by the Company he kept were Elected for London both these eminent Captains were very active and instrumental in the King's Restauration The City of London emitted a Declaration wherein they clear themselves of the Guilt of the King's Death and the Crimes of the Usurpation their Counsels being under a force of a desperate Juncto put upon them and as a signet of the Revolution ensuing suffered the same Tumults to the Restitution which it had fomented and cherished in the beginning of the Wars to the ruine and overthrow of the Kingdoms Anno Dom. 1660. WE begin this mirabilis Annus the wonderful year of 1660 which by the old Philosophical Axiome of twenty years revolution was to return all things in statu quo to wit the same condition with an occurrence of no seeming tendencie or aspect to the product thereof viz. The Proclamation from the Council of State against Election of any to this Parliament that had served his Majesty in the late Wars which proceeded from the unreconciled Results of those secluded Members who yet retained some grudge of their first Quarrel and would fain do away the imputation of their unjust Arming themselves and the people against their Soveraign by a Vote passed this last sitting wherein they again declared That the late King began the War with the two Houses and this was now for a subsequent confirmation of that fallacious Maxime of the Rebellion Mr. Saint Iohn that was of this Council of State now opened and discovered himself in the solution of his former actions by his suspicions and fears of the approaching Revolution He stickled first for the Qualifications which the Parliament through the General 's designed importunity had left unestablished and undetermined and that being thus decreed though the Gentry found means to Elude this Paper-scare-crow foreseeing the necessity and absolute combination of all things to the King's Return he laboured to clog that also with limitations and conditions but to less purpose than he had straightned this Free Convention ensuing which was very unlike to prove so if such designes had taken effect For to the Honour and everlasting entire Felicity of this unparallelled Rovolution and the noble General 's Loyal and most generous and obliging Prudence beyond all Parliamentory Engagements and Terms whatsoever his Majesties Rights and undoubted Prerogative were left and returned to him most free and inviolate A Convention was held in Ireland in nature of a Parliament till such time as one might be conveniently and rightly called for to provide for the Peace and Safety of that Kingdom from whence the L. Shannon Sir Iohn Clothworthy and Major Aston were sent as Commissioners to the Council During the Election of Members it was wonderful to see the general chearfulness that possessed the minds and looks of all men and the no less stupid consternation of the Phanatick party which term they likewise obtained from a Letter of the General 's from Scotland a little while before so that it was plainly seen God had disarmed their spirits of that violence that had
and inflict the punishment of the Rebellion if they delayed his imbraces In fine it was an Affair in which all the faculties and passions of the Soul Love Fear Hope and Joy were tempered together to a MIRACLE by his skilful hand and art of Government and wherein Reason and Necessity jumpt together and to which the whole frame of Policie officiously humbled and submitted it self at this his Majesties most absolute and uncontroulable disposal of his Empire Tibi numine ab omni Cedetur jurisque tui Natura relinquet Quis Deus esse velis ubi regâ—um ponere mundo All the Heavenly powers yield And Nature as thy right and choice doth leave Where thou wilt reign what Realms shall thee receive But besides those of the first Magnitude there were Illustrious persons and others that rendred themselves conspicuous by their conjunction in this Revolution such were the Lord Chancellour the Earls of Southampton Oxford Bristol S. Albans the two Secretaries of State the old Earl of Norwich Ld. Goring a person whose memory is highly ennobled by such grand Events and Occurrences of State as the Spanish Peace with the Low Countries which owes it self to his Transaction and Accommodation the Earl of Manchester the noble Earl of Sandwich whose hand was engaged with his head and was the excellent General 's second in this Affair the faithful and couragious Lord Ashly Cooper who intrepidly engaged himself among the Usurpers and dreaded not their spies and quicksighted sagacious discovery of designes and intelligence against them which he constantly managed the Lord Annesly now Earl of Anglesey Lord Hollis Lord Booth of Delamere who broke the Ice and endangered his Life and Fortunes in the Attempt but was bravely rescued by his Reserve the General who came time enough to preserve him not to omit the Dii minores persons of lesser Rank but Eminent in their Qualities Sir Samuel Moreland Thurlo's Secretary and Cromwel's Resident in Savoy where he was set as Intelligencer which he proved most punctually to his Majesty and countermined all the designes of his Masters and by which means the King came to have intelligence of those disloyal treacherous and ingrate persons formerly of his side whom we have mentioned He came to the King at Breda where his Majesty Knighted him and made him a Baronet and gave him this Testimony That he had done him very signal Services for some years last passed Neither was Sir George Downing unserviceable to the same designe in his station in Holland as his Majesty's Respects to him at his coming to the Hague with recommendation from the General did sufficiently declare To conclude the whole Mass of the people had a hand at the least in it conspiring the same purposes in their wishes and affections with the effect whereof in a compendious Narrative for the Subject grows upon me to a bulk I am next to indulge and pleasure the Reader The King was yet at Brussels in a setled quiet expectation of the sitting down of the Parliament the results of whose Counsels were not thought so quick by the deliberating and slow Spaniard who had allowed the King yearly the sum of 9000 l. besides the pay of his Forces which his Majesty kept there which money was since repayed by the King soon after his return and therefore upon the King's departure from Breda upon assurance that the Parliament would not fail of sitting down at the appointed time he having traversed to and fro back and again to Antwerp the civil Governour of these Countries gave the King his Complement of departure and honourably conveyed him on his way to the City of Antwerp the Road to Breda aforesaid when it was feared by very many that the slye Spaniard would have put some demur or stay upon him in his Dominions He afterwards indeed sent a Complement to him by an Envoy well attended intreating him to return that way and to take shipping at one of the Ports of Flanders for England and acquainted him that for his greater honour and satisfaction he should see his Souldiers payed as he passed but the King civilly refused that kind proffer The King was no sooner come to Breda the Town and Castle whereof belonged to his Nephew the Prince of Aurange but having notice the Parliament was ready to sit he dispatcht away his Letters by Mr. now made Lord Viscount Mordant the Lord Goring having been sent before to the Council of State and General and Sir Iohn Greenvil now Earl of Bath with his Letters to the Parliament in both Houses respectively to the Lord-General and City which were speedily made publick and the Town in a kind of extasie for two days together the Press never ceasing to print them and all persons having no other thing to do but to read them the substance of which Message with the like Declaration to the House of Commons and his gracious Letters enclosed to his Excellencie the Lord General to be communicated to the Officers of the Army with a Letter likewise and Declaration to the Lord Mayor Aldermen and Common Council of the City of London was this His Majesty granted a free and general Pardon to all his Subjects whatsoever that shall within forty days after publication thereof lay hold upon that grace and by any publick Act declare their doing so such onely accepted as the Parliament shall think fit to be excepted which he will confirm upon the word of a King And as to tender Consciences none shall be called in question for differences in opinion which disturb not the peace of the Kingdom For Sales Purchases he will refer himself in all matters to the determination of Parliament that he will consent to an Act or Acts of Parliament for paying off and satisfying the Arrears of the Army and Navy and that they shall be received into his Majesty's service upon as good Pay and Conditions as they then enjoyed This gracious Message with the Letter to his Excellencie and the Declaration were read in the House of Commons with most extraordinary Ceremony and Reverence as if some strange awe had seized upon the minds of the Parliament every man at the Speakers naming of the King rising up and uncovering himself desiring the Letters might be forthwith read the like also was done in the House of Lords In the House of Commons remarkable was that of Mr. Luke Robinson who being a great Commonwealths-man first of all spoke to the Letters and acknowledged his conviction Nor was this Declaration less acceptable to all the people who were overjoyed with the news and the infallible hopes of having their gracious Prince and Soveraign restored to them in Peace and Honour The Parliament resolved That they do own and declare that according to the Ancient and Fundamental Laws of this Kingdom the Government is and ought to be by King Lords and Commons And having a deep sense of the Miseries and Distractions in
besides Servants Then another Troop of about Two hundred in Velvet-Coats the Foot-men and Liveries in Purple Next a Troop under Colonel Sir Iohn Robinson with Buff-coats Cloath of Silver-sleeves and Green-scarves After this a Troop in Blew Liveries and Silver-lace Colours red fringed with Silver about Two hundred Next another Troop with six Trumpets seven Foot-men in Sea-green and Silver their Colours Pink Fringed with Silver Then a Troop with their Liveries Gray and Blew Thirty Foot-men Four Trumpets about Two hundred and twenty their Colours Sky Fringed with Silver under the Earl of Northampton Another of Gray Liveries Six Trumpets Colours Sky and Silver about One hundred and five led by the Lord Goring Another of Seventy Another Troop led by the Lord Cleveland of about Three hundred Noblemen and Gentry another Troop of about One hundred black Colours One more Troop of Three hundred Horse led by the Lord Mordant After these came Two Trumpets with his Majesties Arms the Sheriffs-men in Red-cloaks and Silver-lace with Half-pikes Seventy two in number Then followed the Gentlemen that rid out of the several Companies of London with their respective Streamers all in Velvet Coats with Gold Chains every Company having its Footmen with different Liveries After these a Kettle-drum and five Trumpets The Citizens being in number about Six hundred After these Twelve Ministers then his Majesties Life-guard led by Sir Gilbert Gerrard and Major Roscarrock The City-Marshal with eight Footmen with the City-Waits and Officers in order then the two Sheriffs and all the Aldermen of London among whom much wondring there was at Aldermen Ireton in their Scarlet Gowns and rich Trappings with Footmen in Liveries Red-coats laced with Silver and Cloath of Gold The Maces and Heralds in their Rich coats the Lord Mayor bare carrying the Sword his Excellency and Duke of Buckingham bare also and then as the lustre to all this splendid Triumph rode the King himself between his two Royal Brothers which order he had all along ever since the overture of his return observed After them came a Troop bare with White Colours then the General 's Life-guard and another Troop of Gentry Last of all Five Regiments of the Army-Horse with Back Brest and Head-piece which diversified the Show with delight and Terrour Thus have you in a view all that pleased and gratified the Eye but no Pen or Tongue is able to express those ravishing and loud musical notes of Acclamations and Vive le Roy's which charmed the Ears of all Loyal Subjects even to Extasie and Transportation and with which his Majesty himself who endured the din of it all that day was so pleasingly affected With these joyful accents he was brought to his Palace of White-hall where after the Lord Mayor had took his leave his Majesty went up to the Lords where a Speech was made to him in the Banqueting-house where both Lords and Commons awaited him by the Earl of Manchester Speaker of the House of Lords by which that Posterity may know the sense of the Kingdome upon this Miraculous Change it is here Recorded THat this day may prove happy to your Majesty is the hope the Expectation and the earnest desire of my Lords the Peers whose Commands are upon me to make this humble Tender to your Majesty of their Loyal joy for your Majesties safe Return to your Native Kingdome and for this happy Restoration of your Majesty to your Crown and Dignity after so long and so severe a Supression of your just Right and Title I shall not reflect upon your Majesties Sufferings which have been your Peoples Miseries yet I cannot omit to say That as the Nation in general so the Peers with a more personal and particular sense have felt the stroke that cut the Gordian Knot which fastned your Majesty to your Kingdome and your Kingdome to your Majesty For since those strange and various Fluctuations and Discomposuâ—es in Government since those horrid and unparallel'd Violations of all Order and Iustice Strangers have Ruled over us even with a Rod of Iron But now with satisfaction of heart we own and see your Majesty our Native King and Son of the wise a Son of the antient Kings whose hand holds forth a Golden Scepter Great King Give me leave to speak the Confidence as well as the Desires of the Peers of England Be you the Powerful Defender of the true Protestant Faith the Iust Assertor and Maintainer of the Laws and Liberties of your Subjects so shall Judgment run down like a River and Justice like a mighty stream and God the God of your Mercy who hath so miraculously preserved you will establish your Throne in Righteousness and in Peace Dread Soveraign I offer no flattering Titles but speak the Words of Truth you are the desire of Three Kingdoms the Strength and the Stay of the Tribes of the People for the moderating of Extremities the reconciling of differences the satisfying of all interests and for the restoring of the collapsed Honour of these Nations Their Eyes are toward your Majesty their Tongues with loud Acclamations of Ioy speak the thoughts and Loyal intentions of their Hearts their Hands are lift up to Heaven with Prayers and Praises and what Oral Triumph can equal this your Pomp and Glory Long may your Majesty Live and Reign a Support to your Friends a Terrour to your Enemies an Honour to your Nation and an Example to Kings of Piety Iustice Prudence and Power that this Prophetick Expression may be verified in your Majesty King Charles the Second shall be greater than ever was the greatest of that Name His MAjESTIES Gracious Answer to the Earl of Manchester's Speech My Lord I Am so disordered by my Iourney and with the Noise still sounding in my Ears which I confess was pleasing to me because it expressed the Affections of my People as I am unfit at the present to make such a Reply as I desire yet thus much I shall say unto you That I take no greater Satisfaction to my Self in this my Change than that I find my Heart really set to endeavour by all means for the Restoring of this Nation to their Freedome and Happiness And I hope by the advice of my Parliament to effect it Of this also you may be confident That next to the Honour of God from whom principally I shall ever own this Restoration to my Crown I shall study the Welfare of my People And shall not only be a True Defender of the Faith But a Iust Assertor of the Laws and Liberties of my Subjects This passed the King retired to Supper and soon after to his rest where it was time he should find it after so many difficulties and turmoils in the World for Twenty whole years together But the Citizens were not so weary of their Joy and Triumph for as soon as Night came an Artificial day was begun again the whole City seeming to be one great Light as indeed properly it was a Luminary of
Loyalty the Bonfires continuing till day-break fed by a constant supply of Wood and maintained with an equal excess of gladness and fewel Thus far this memorable and miraculous Affair hath carried me not willing to break off the gladsome speculation and review of his glory and happy Influences I must now a little retrospect to what passed at home in the Parliament and Kingdome Several Acts were in agitation one for removing and preventing all questions and disputes concerning the Sitting and Assembling of this present Parliament as also that of Oblivion and Indempnity and another for Sales and Purchases and in the mean while it was ordered by the Lords That a stop be put to the demolishing defacing or committing wast in any Houses or Lands belonging to his Majesty and that no Wood nor Timber should be felled and the like done in the Lands belonging to the Duke of Buckingham the Lord Craven and Sir Iohn Stawel The Commons ordered Ten thousand pounds to be sent as a present to the Duke of York also that the Scotch Colours taken at Preston Dunbar and Worcester and hung up in Westminster-hall should be taken down which was accordingly executed and the Kings Arms placed in the Courts of Judicature Col. Harrison one of the Kings most malicious Judges was apprehended in Staffordshire and brought up to London and by his Excellencies Order Committed to the Tower while Whitehall was then a preparing for his Majesty The House of Commons taking into consideration the business of the Piedmont-Collection-money declared their detestation and abhorrence of the diversion of the said Money from the charitable uses to which pretendedly it was designed The King was Proclaimed with great joy throughout the Nation while divers of the Kings Judges out of consciousness of their guilt escaped beyond Sea In Ireland also the King was by the Convention there Assembled Proclaimed with the usual Ceremonies Several of the eminentest of that Nation were also ordered to be sent to his Majesty in the name of that Kingdome with a present of Four thousand pound to the Duke of York so sympathetically did the Irish Harp move with the same touches on the English The most Illustrious Princes the Dukes of York and Gloucester went to the House of Lords and there took their places whither the next day came the King himself by Water in the Brigandine which brought him aboard the Charles from Holland the Yeomen of the Guard making a lane the Heralds at Arms in their rich Coats the Maces and the Lord General Bare-headed before him being seated the Commons were called to whom the King in a Speech pressed very much the Act of Oblivion and Signed some Bills viz. One for Confirmation of the Parliament Another for the Tax of Seventy thousand pounds per Mensem for three Moneths from the 24 of Iune A third for continuance of Process and Judicial Proceedings and then returned to Whitehall where he chose the Lords of his Privy Council among whom were several of the Long Parliament His Majesty also graciously and judiciously provided for the Benches and Courts of Judicature for the Chancery the Lord Chancellour Hide for the Rolls the Lord Culpepper who soon after dyed and the place was by the Kings favour bestowed on Sir Harbottle Grimstone for the Kings Bench Sir Robert Foster Justice Mallet and Sir Thomas Twisden in the Common-Pleas Justice Atkins and in the Exchequer Sir Orlando Bridgeman Sir Ieoffry Palmer Attorney and Sir Heneage Finch Sollicitor-General Mr. Iohn Heath son of Sir Robert Atturney to the Dutchy But of this a fuller account Several Persons guilty of the Murther of King Charles the First making their escapes beyond Sea a Proclamation drawn up by the Parliament was published by his Majesty summoning the persons therein named who sate gave Judgment and Assisted in that horrid and detestable Fact to render themselves within Fourteen days after the Publication of that His Majesties Royal Proclamation to the Speaker or Speakers of the Parliament or to the Lord Mayor of London or to the respective Sheriffs of the Counties of England and Wales and that no person should presume to conceal or harbour them under misprision of Treason whereupon divers came in and submitted and were secured in the Tower Several Addresses were made to the King from the Nobility and Gentry of all the Counties congratulating his Majesties Restitution to his Throne and Kingdoms and testifying their exceeding joy and willingness to maintain his Majesties Royal Person and Authority Divers eminent persons for their service and affection to his Majesty were honoured with Knighthood The House of Commons ordered that others besides the Actual Judges of the King should be excepted out of the Act of Oblivion which was now very far proceeded in as namely Andrew Broughton Phelps Iohn Cook Hugh Peters and Edward Denby This so affrighted others who had a hand in that execrable business that Colonel Iohn Hutchinson a Member in this Parliament and Colonel Francis Lassells Petitioned the House confessing their guilt and withal the Artifices that were used to draw them in and by this submission obtained Pardon upon some forfeitures Hugh Peters was taken about this time in Southwarke at first he denyed his Name but being brought before Sir Iohn Robinson then made Lieutenant of the Tower he was known and acknowledged himself and was there secured The Parliament thought not themselves nor the people of England freed from that guilt and punishment which our unhappy times had contracted unless they laid hold on his Majesties Grace mentioned in his Declaration from Breda and therefore Resolved That the House doth declare that they do in the Name of themselves and all the Commons of England lay hold on his Majesties gracious Pardon mentioned in his Declaration with reference to the excepting of such as shall be excepted in an Act of Pardon and accordingly a Declaration was made and presented to the King by Master Denzill Hellis His Majesty was graciously pleased to signifie his readiness and willingness to comply with that his Royal Word and gave direction for a Proclamation to that purpose In the mean while several of the eminentest in Offices under the Usurpation to make sure of this Grace offered from Breda got their particular Pardons exemplified under the Great Seal of England as they were well advised by the notoriety of their Guilt and their distrustful Consciences to secure and discharge which trouble the King was more than ordinary pressing for a speedy Passing of the Act of Oblivion as on the other side his Sentiments of those services to his Restitution gave him the immediate resolutions of dignifying those Illustrious Personages who most instrumentally and principally did accomplish it And therefore on the 12 of Iuly he honoured the most noble General Monck with the Titles of Duke of Albemarle which Dutchy formerly was appropriate to the Blood Royal and was extinct in the Reign of Henry the
the least of his present Majesties Felicities in his Restitution that he should parentate in this solemn manner to His most vilely and rebelliously abused Father That his justice might appear equally as resplendent as his clemency to the lesser guilt of his undutiful people in not suffering his innate goodness to be wrought upon so far that this unexampled parricide should pass with an unexampled impunity since the Parliament in detestation and to wipe away the stain of that perpetration had given up these persons following as Sacrifices to the Law and the Honour of their Country On the Ninth of October The Commissioners of Oyer and Terminer met at Hicks's Hall of whom were several of the chief Nobility the Lord Mayor and the Judges Sir Orlando Bridgman Lord chief Baron sitting in chief the Counsel were Sir Ieffery Palmer the King's Attourney Sir Heneage Finch Solicitor-General Sir Edward Turnor the Duke of York's Attorney and Serjeant Keeling Windham c. The Grand Jury being Sworn Sir William Darcy Baronet their Foreman Sir Orlando gave them the Charge declaring the purport of their Commission to Try those excepted persons out of the Act for their Treason in Murthering the late King of blessed memory upon the Statute 25 Edw. 3 d. by which it was made Treason to compass and imagine the death of the King which he largely learnedly and eloquently opened the Statute being but declarative of the Common Law Which ended Thomas Lee of the Middle Temple Gentleman was called to give the names of the Witnesses forty two in number the chief of whom was Sir William Clerk the Duke of Albemarle's Secretary who took the Proceedings of the High Court in short-hand Mr. Masterson Minister at St. Clements Danes then of that Party Col. Hunâ—ks Griffith Bodurdo Esq Stephen Kirk Col. Matthew Tomlinson Iohn Rushworth Esq Sir Purbeck Temple William Iessop Esq Mr. Coitmore and Anthony Mildmay Brother to Sir Henry one of those Criminals Next day the 10 of October the Court by Adjournment sate in Justice-Hall in the Sessions-house in the Old-bayly and the Prisoners having been brought the same day from the Tower to the Gaol of Newgate the Keeper was commanded to bring down Sir Hardress Waller William Heveningham and Colonel Harrison and set them to the Bar where they were commanded to hold up their hands but Harrison desiring to be heard first answered I am here he at last held up his hand then the Indictment was read in these words That he together with others not having the fear of God before their eyes and being instigated of the Devil did maliciously treasonably and feloniously contrary to his due Allegiance and bounden Duty sit upon and condemn our late Soveraign Lord King Charles the First of ever-blessed Memory and also did upon the Thirtieth day of January 1648 signe and seal a Warrant for the Execution of his Sacred Majesty where also c. To which Waller after some debate pleaded guilty Heveningham and Harrison Not guilty Then Isaac Pennington Henry Marten Gilbert Millingham Robert Tichburn Owen Roe and Robert Lilburn after the said Indictment read were bid to plead who did except Henry Marten who said he was not excepted out of the Act of Indemnity the person there being Henry Martin not Marten but the Court answered A misname would not be pleadable Mr. Sollicitor citing a Case in the difference of names betwixt Bagster and Baxter All of them insisted for Counsel Then Adrian Scroop Iohn Carew Iohn Iones Thomas Scot Gregory Clement and Iohn Cook were likewise set to the Bar where seeing the Court insist upon a present Plea as the rule of the Law or else Judgement pleaded to the Indictment Not guilty Carew making this salvo Saving to our Lord Iesus Christ his Right to the Government of these Nations Next Edmund Harvey Henry Smith Iohn Downs Vincent Potter and Augustine Garland and after them George Fleetwood Simon Meyn Iames Temple Peter Temple Thomas Wait Hugh Peters Francis Hacker Daniel Axtel who all but the last presently pleaded and would be tried by God and their Country Peters would be tried at first by the Law of God having pleaded Not guilty no not for a thousand worlds but the people laught him out of it Axtel not till informed of the danger of a mute and that no man can justifie Treason if the matter which he had to say be justifiable it is not Treason if Treason it is not justifiable and therefore he must go to the ordinary way of guilty or not guilty Harrison was the next day set to the Bar with Scroop and â—our more but they severally challenging the Judges the Court ordered to try them singly and proceeded with Harrison who excepted his full number thirty five of the Jury and the other twelve being sworn Mr. Sollicitor-General much Rhetorically laid forth the nature and atrocity of the Fact That the very thoughts of such attempts were in all Ages and among all people counted an unpardonable Treason as the story of the two Eunuchs against Ahasuerus Voluerunt insurgere they only had a Will to rise up against him and the testimony of Tacitus qui deliberant desciverant who consult of this Fact are Rebels already That it is not the sole interest of one Royal Person concerned in this parricide but all of the Nation That Sir Edward Cooke hath a Notion that to the perfection of this Law of the 25 Edw. 3. a time to be limited to the accuser was requisite but how great a mistake that was would appear by this That this Treason had so long out-faced the Law and the Justice of the Kingdom that if there had been a time of limitation there would have been no time nor place left to punishment and so the guilt would have stuck upon the Kingdom and this wickedness grown up into an impunity That the scope of the Indictment was for the compassing of the King's death the rest as usurping power over the King's person the Assembling Sitting and Judging are but as so many overt Acts to prove the intentions of the heart all which are not necessary to be proved against every particular person That every other overt Act besides what is laid in the Indictment as incouraging of the Souldiers to cry Justice and Execution or preaching up the Work as godly may be given in evidence against the guilty persons whose Crime was of that unmeasurable impiety that it could neither be heightned by any aggravation or lessened by any excuse Then he traced the steps and gradations to this Villany from the Treaty in 1648 and shewed the wicked Circumstances and Formalities thereof particularly he declared this person of those living twenty six being already deceased and six or seven reserved to other penalties and a sorrowful repentance and twenty nine more before their Lordships to be the onely chief Leader Captain and Conductour in this horrible Treason and hinted at his sawcy demeanour to the King in his bringing
lamented and barbarous Death God would not suffer to go unrevenged nor His own sacred Name to be Blasphemed as not only said by them to be the Author but the maintainer of this impiety And it is remarkable that Hugh Peters who by his Function as a Priest had most dishonoured God in Preaching and pressing this Parricide making use of his holy Writ to this same wicked purpose most plainly discovered the footsteps of the Divine Vengeance in his Tragedy The miserable Wretch had not a word to say for himself or to God of whom he said he was abandoned he that was so nimble and quick in all Projects of this nature before was now like a Sot or a Fool playing with the Straw in the Sledge as he went to Execution Of which his sad condition Cook his fellow-sufferer was so sensible as to pray for some respite for him but it was out of the Sheriffs power who attended them in person to their respective Executions It was observed also by Scot who having wished the mention of this Fact to be graven on his Tomb Digitus Dei hath written it on the Gates of London in such bloody Characters and Hieroglyphicks that whoever passes cannot but read it Those being thus Executed the other Prisoners that came in upon Proclamation and were to be respited from Execution till the pleasure of the Parliament should be known were after Sentence remitted to the Tower from whence they came their Estates being seized on to the use of the King The Quarters of the other had not long been set up but a report was raised that a bright Star appeared over those at Aldgate and this in favour of these Saints as they were termed and as if it were a Constellation of their bright innocence but it was observed and known to be the Planet Venus then in her greatest Elongation from the Sun the same distance as their Phanatical stories were from the Truth This parentation being over to his Father His Majesties next respects were due to his Mother whose welcome to his Kingdomes he could not better manifest or oblige to her than by rendring them innocent and free of that horrible guilt which had divorced her from her Husband and estranged her from his People Nor was it just or civil she should be here received without satisfaction and expiation of those Crimes the very tendencies whereto had so rudely driven her to seek her safety abroad The King brought her back to his Palace at White-Hall after Nineteen years discontinuance the second of November with her came the Illustrious Princess Henrietta who had never breathed English Air but some two years after her birth which hapned in Exeter Iune 16. 1644. as also Prince Edward brother to Prince Rupert and to the Prince Elector Palatine an absolute stranger to these Kingdoms The meeting could not but be as joyous after so tedious and injurious an absence as the entertainment highly Magnificent On the Sixth of November the Recess of the Parliament being ended the Lords and Commons met again in Parliament to resume their weighty task of setling the Kingdoms and a Council for Trade now began their sitting according to the Kings Commission Several dangerous and pestilent Speeches and Rumours being daily uttered and vented especially by the Fifth Monarchists at their Meeting-house in Coleman-street and other places and Colonel Overton being the chief man of that perswasion by Order of the Councel he was seized and upon some further information against him committed to the Tower for Treason which soon after appeared in some of his Opinion With him Mr. Lenthal the Speakers Son was Committed upon suspicion of Counterfeiting the Kings Seal Upon the Kings Restitution the Marquess of Arguile had the confidence to come up from Scotland hoping to have inveagled and obtained his Pardon for all those base Treasons he had acted so covertly in that Kingdom since his Majesties departure and that his Majesty according to his gracious inclination would have past by those many undutiful and irreverent usages of him by him and the Kirk while He was there among them but such was the general hatred and detestation of that People and especially of the Nobility against him that the King gave order for his Commitment while he was waiting at Court He desired to speak to the King but could not be admitted he desired to speak with Mr. Calamy in his way to the Tower but that was refused from thence by Sea he was conveyed to Edenburgh where his Process was making ready The Earl of Middleton the Kings great Commissioner following him thither about the end of December Death had tasted of the Blood Royal in the immature decease and lamented Fate of that Noble Henry Duke of Gloucester as aforesaid and as if there were not only a Circulation of it in every individual but it naturally ran in the same Distempers round a whole Family the Infection by a kind of Sympathy in the same Disease of the Small Pox seized the Vitals of the most Illustrious Mary Princess of Aurange and in spight of all Art and Remedy though the Blooding of her was causelesly and ignorantly taxed carried her to the Grave leaving the whole Court in very great and almost disconsolate sadness and her Son the Prince of Aurange ten years old and a Moneth over She deceased on the Twenty fourth of December her death being ushered with a sad accident the oversetting the Assurance-Frigate Riding at Anchor at Wolledge by a sudden gust of Wind by which disaster several Persons of the Ships Company were drowned This happy Parliament which had rebuilt the Glorious Structure of the English Ancient and Renowned Government and had assured the Foundation thereof in the Established Throne of our Soveraign came to its Period But that no Revolution of time should obliterate or blot out the memory of those Excellent worthy things had been done by it for the good of King and Kingdome his Majesty Honoured it by his Royal mouth with the never-to-be-forgotten Epithet of the Healing Parliament which will undoubtedly recommend it to Posterity as long as any grievance or humours or distempers shall remain in Church and State The Princess of Aurange was buried with a private Funeral in the narration of which I shall crave leave for this digression there was indeed as much Honour in that privacy as there was vain and profane solemnity in the gewgaw Exequies of Oliver which wanted of their due Grandeurs till his Execution In opposition therefore to that rabble medley of a Funeral it will not be extravagant to set down here the Compact yet Illustrious manner of this Princess to shew the difference betwixt Princes and Ring-leaders of the Rout. On Saturday December the 26 th but five days after her Decease the chiefest of the Nobility met together in the House of Peers to attend the Royal Corpse of the Princess which was brought about Nine a Clock at
indifferency of Spirit had undoubtedly surprized the Magistracy and Government of this Famous City and in him subdued their great Quarrel Authority Sir Arthur Haslerig died a Prisoner in the Tower of London with impatience at the happiness of the Times and Mr. Crofton an eminent stickler for Presbytery came in-his room But we must pass to the Glories of the entrance of the Year One thousand six hundred sixty one the Thirteenth of the Kings Reign Anno Domini 1661. AND now lest any of these scattered Rays and refractions of this Monarchs Glory should be dimmed or disappear in the obscurity of Time we will translate them to their bright Orb as Iupiter is feigned to have Stellified his Heroes encircle them in the Diadem Eternize them in that Spherical Figure and fix them in his Crown the FIRMAMENT of his past present and future greatness the Celebrity of which Action is not less due to the intrinsick matter than to the outward beauteous form it being not so much an excess of Pomp as a Boundary of Government not so much height of Glory as profoundness of State-reason and in that large capaciousness may justly pass for the consummation and perfect excellence of all Regal felicity This was the Crown profaned by the lewd hands of those prostitute Members at Westminster when the Regalia were seized on by them and by H. M. his advice thought fit to be alienated to the Publique that is shared among the Usurpers This was the Crown afterwards violated deprived and widdowed of that Sacred and Royal Head of King Charles the Martyr This was the Crown which alone of all the Insignia of Majesty as Elijah of all the Prophets that had not bowed their knees to Baal abhorred the Idolatry of Cromwel's Usurpation and escaped the ravishing and polluted hands of that Tyrant when like Caligula that set the heads of the gods upon his own Statues he assumed all the other Regalities of his rightful Soveraign but could no way fit this Sacred Symbole of Majesty though he could all other Holy things and the Scripture it self to his impious designments That was that Crown which the Malignity of a dire Pestilence had envied the sight and blessing thereof to the City of London his Majesties Imperial Chamber which sadly felt the other Plagues of War and Want in a more forcible absence of it thereafter at his Royal Fathers Inauguration and was now Boded and bespoke with the like Contagion when never were the Influences of Heaven more curiously propitious the two Serene days of that Solemnity exsiccating and exhaling those vapours which a long moisture to the danger of a Flood did seem to portend Lastly this was that Crown whose just and ancient Discent under which we have flourished ever since we were a Nation till our late Anarchy upon the Head of this Miraculous Prince now vindicated it self from the indignities and assaults of base and insolent Demagogues who from our Kings regardlesness of State and Sovereignty have evermore wrought their contempt in the Subject who now with a like joy of reverence fear and love beheld this awful and most delightful Triumph which is here related HIS Majesty on the Twenty second of April early in the Morning passed from Whitehall to the Tower by Water from thence to go through the City to Westminster Abby there to be Crowned Two days were allotted to the Consummation of this great and most celebrated Action the wonder and admiration and delight of all Persons both Forraign and Domestick and pity it was that the solid and lasting happiness it portended should not have taken up a Month and given it the name Coronalis First therefore we begin with the City of London which participating the greatest share of that inexpressible happiness that the Three Kingdoms received by the auspicious Restoration of the King took occasion to express in this Triumph of his Majesties Coronation their joy and gladness with the greatest Magnificence imaginable They spared not therein any cost to manifest their affectionate duty to the King considering that if ever excessive charges might be justified this signalizing their affection at this time might well be allowed In his passage through Crouched Friers He was entertained with Musick a Band of Eight Waits placed on a Stage Near Algate with another Band of Six Waits in like manner with Musick from a Balcony In Leaden-Hall Street near Lime-Street-end was Erected the First Triumphal Arch after the Dorick Order on the North-side on a Pedestal before the Arch was a Woman personating REBELLION mounted on a Hydra in a Crimson Robe torn Snakes crawling on her Habit and begirt with Serpents and her Hair Snaky a Crown of Fire on her Head a bloody Sword in one hand a Charming Rod in the other Her attendant CONFUSION in a deformed Shape a Garment of several ill-matched Colours and put on the wrong way on her Head Ruines of Castles torn Crowns and broken Scepters in each Hand On the South-Pedestal was a Representation of BRITAIN'S MONARCHY supported by LOYALTY both Women Monarchy in a large purple Robe adorn'd with Diadems and Scepters over which a loose Mantle edg'd with blue and silver Fringe resembling Water the Map of Great Britain drawn on it on her Head London in her right hand Edenburgh in her left Dublin Loyalty all in White three Scepters in her right Hand three Crowns in her left The first Painting on the South-side is a Prospect of His Majesties landing at Dover-Castle Ships at Sea great Guns going off one kneeling and kissing the Kings Hand Souldiers Horse and Foot and many people gazing Above ADVENTVS AVG. The whole Tablet representing his Majesties blessed Arrival Beneath the Painting this Motto IN SOLIDO RURSUS FORTUNA LOCAVIT Alluding to that of Virgil Thus rendred Fortune reviving those She tumbled down Sporting restores again unto the Crown Above the Arch on two Pedestals South-ward and North-wards stood the Statues of King IAMES and King CHARLES I. In the middle somewhat higher just over the Arch the Statue of his Sacred Majesty Under that of King Iames DIVO JACOBO Under that of King Charles I. DIVO CAROLO Under that of his Majesty this following Inscription D. N. CAROLO II. D. G. BRITANNIARUM IMP. OPT. MAX. UBIQUE VENERANDO SEMPER AUG BEATISSIMO AC PIISSIMO BONO REIP. NATO DE AVITA BRITANNIA ET OMNIUM HOMINUM GENERE MERITISSIMO P. P. EXTINCTORI TYRANNIDIS RESTITUTORI LIBERTATIS FUNDATORI QUIETIS OB FELICEM REDITUM EX VOTO L. M. P. S. P. Q. L. Upon his Majesties advance to the East-India-House in Leaden-hall-street the East-India Company took occasion to express their dutiful Affections to his Majesty by two Youths in Indian Habit one attended by two Black-moors the other Youth in an Indian Vest mounted upon a Camel led out by two Black-Moors and other Attendants the Camel having two Panniers filled with Jewels Spices and Silks to be scattered among the Spectators The next Entertainment was
Edmund Fowel in Com. Devon Kt. created Baronet May 1. Iohn Cropley in Com. Middlesex Esq. created Baronet May 7. William Smith in Com. Bucks Esq. created Baronet May 10. George Cook in Com. York Esq. created Baronet Mâ—â— 10. Charles Lloyd in Com. Montgomery Esq. created Baronet May 10. Nathaniel Powel in Com. Sussex Esq. created Baronet May 14. Denny Ashburnham in Com. Sussex Esq. created Baronet May 15. Sir Hugh Smith in Com. Somerset Kt. created Baronet May 16. And so we have glided through this Sphere of Glory in which the ancient honour of the Government is refixed and gives us the full and compleat fight of this wonderful Revoluâ—â—on each Luminary shining in its proper Orb and in its Degree the Soveraign Nobility Clergy and Gentry recovered to their former and distinct Lustre and to say no more the whole community of English Freemen whose state and condition no Nation can parallel from being the servants of servants are become their own Masters and are arrived by this Change to be again the envy that were but lately the scorn and derision of the World In this Consistency the King was desirous to meet this Illustrious Body in Parliament to close those distances and separations and redintegrate the mutual affections endearments and natural kindnesses which the unnaturalness and perverse malignity of the times had by our Divisions abrupted and hitherto discontinued the King had promised so much at the Dissolution of the late Free-Parliament or Convention and accordingly issued out His Writ soon after for their sitting down the Eighth of May a little before which several Musters had been made in England of the Militia and a General Train in London in Hide-Park of Horse and Foot Fourteen Regiments whereof the King was pleased to view there In these Elections it appeared how much a Commonwealth or those Actions which were pretended to be done by the People in Parliament by a few modulers thereof were ever approved for not such a man had a Voyce and the Election of the Free Parliament gave little Encouragement to stand for it the main stickling was between the Episcopal and Presbyterian Parties and even that numerous Party as was said by themselves found how much they were mistaken in the Suffrages of the Kingdome when under no awe nor in the phrensy of misguised Zeal several Letters were intercepted from the chief Ministers of that Perswasion exhorting their Correspondents to do their utmost for favourable Elections to their Discipline and that very confidently after the choyce made at London of persons the most of them of their way But nevertheless that there might not the least remain of the Government be left unjustified and unreared it so happened that far the major part of this House of Commons were not better affected to the Peace of the Kingdome than to the Restauration and Settlement of the Church To this Parliament the King with his Nobles according to the splendid custome of opening these grand Assemblies rode in State and Triumph but because so full a Narrative of such Glory hath already preceded I will not further dazile the Reader The House being met the King sent for the Commons into the House of Lords where most obligingly he declared His content in meeting them most of them being known to him that he was as confident as of any thing whatsoever that it would be a happy Parliament and in conclusion acquainted them with his Resolution of marrying the Infanta of Portugal which Match he said he had proposed to his Privy Council and they had every one highly approved it that he thought none of them would willingly have him live and dye a Batchelour and therefore he had newly made and signed a Treaty with the King of Portugal by his Ambassadour Don Francisco De Mello here Resident and now upon departure with the same Treaty in which this Article of Marriage was inserted And then my Lord Chancellour by His Order gave the Parliament a further Account of His Majesties calling them Sir Edward Turner the Dukes Attourney General was chosen Speaker for the House of Commons who in his Speech to the King expressed the hopes of the Commons that as His Majesty had manifested his great Indulgence to that Adopted so that he had a Blessing left for this his Natural Parliament These Ceremonies being over wherein the dutiful respects of the Houses answered the favour and affection of the King the Parliament proceeded to the Affairs of the Kingdome Near that very time a Parliament began in Ireland after a like happy Convention had been by his Majesties Order from their Adjournment upon his Restitution reassembled in that quality Sir Audly Mervin being chosen Speaker The Convocation of the English Clergy all eminent and most learned pious Persons met on the sixteenth of May at Westminster And the Queen of Bohemia his Majesties Aunt from a long absence of forty eight years returned to White-Hall where She was Married in One thousand six hundred and twelve to the Prince Elector Palatine He return was further signalized by the reviviscency of the memory of the most renowned Marquess of Montross whose Limbs having been set upon the Gates of four distant Cities by the Kirk and Argyles party there were taken down and in State and in all fit Solemnity and with the same Honour brought together and by his Majesties Order whose love and memory of his Servants is one of his many other Princely vertues and great evidence of the sweetness of his Nature and the resolution of the Parliament Interred with a Funeral becoming his Family and as far as such too late evidences and expressions of Grief and Honour could reach his merit his own personal Renown and Glory so much the more indeed conspicuous by the Death and deserved Execution of the Marquess of Argyle who was this Hero's mortal and spightful Enemy that now expiated by a juster Sentence those barbarous violencies he had done to Montross he cunningly defended himself and Pleaded the Kings Pardon and the Treaties in One thousand six hundred and fifty and One thousand six hundred fifty one but there were Crimes of a later date besides the never-to-be-forgotten Treachery of Selling King Charles the first to the English which Condemned him He seemed at his Death to be resolved enough and justified the Covenant and had his Head taken off with the Maiden so is the Axe called in Scotland Near the same time Mr. Iames Guthery one of the Remonstrators and a violent Adversary of the Marquess of Montross and all the Loyal party together with Captain Giffan a â—enegâ—do to Cromwel by Sentence and Decree of Parliament were Hanged in Edenburgh so far the Laws and a suffering-sense of the Miseries and Reproaches that Nation lay under by these men and their Partizans guilt did now prevail against the Dominion of the Kirk which had Inslaved and Inchanted the whole mass of that people And for a final blow as these
mens Fates did usher out what their devices had introduced as great Events never go unattended the Solemn League and Covenant first invented by Arguile and his Complices which had raised such a Combustion in the three Kingdoms was Sacrificed to the Flames by a Vote in Parliament the common Hang-man in ample manner burning it in several places in London which also was done all the Kingdom over with great Acclamations which being omitted hitherto when so often unwelcome occasion hath been given to recite it take it now in this its Mittimus A Solemn League and Covenant for Reformation and Defence of Religion c. WE Noblemen Barons Knights Gentlemen Citizens Burgesses Ministers of the Gospel and Commons of all sorts in the Kingdoms of England Scotland and Ireland by the providence of God living under one King and being of one Reformed Religion having before our eyes the Glory of God and the Advancement of the Kingdom of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ the Honour and Happiness of the Kings Majesty and his Posterity and the true Publick Liberty Safety and Peace of the Kingdoms wherein every ones private Condition is included And calling to minde the Treacherous and Bloody Plots Conspiracies Attempts and Practises of the Enemies of God against the true Religion and Professors thereof in all places especially in these three Kingdoms ever since the Reformation of Religion and how much their Rage Power and Presumption are of late and at this time encreased and exercised whereof the deplorable Estate of the Church and Kingdom of Ireland the distressed estate of the Church and Kingdom of England and the dangerous Estate of the Church and Kingdom of Scotland are present and publick Testimonies We have now at last after other means of Supplication Remonstrance Protestations and Sufferings for the Preservation of our selves and our Religion from utter Ruine and Destruction according to the commendable practice of these Kingdoms in former times and the example of God's People in other Nations after mature deliberation resolved and determined to enter into a Mutual and Solemn League and Covenant wherein we all subscribe and each one of us for himself with our Hands lifted up to the most High God do Swear 1. THat we shall sincerely really and constantly through the Grace of God endeavour in our several Places and Callings the Preservation of the Reformed Religion in the Church of Scotland in Doctrine Worship Discipline and Government against our Common Enemies The Reformation of Religion in the Kingdoms of England and Ireland in Doctrine Worship Discipline and Government according to the Word of God and the Example of the best Reformed Churches and shall endeavour to bring the Churches of God in the three Kingdoms to the neerest Conjunction and Vniformity in Religion Confession of Faith Form of Church-Government Directory of Worship and Catechising That we and our Posterity after us may as Brethren live in Faith and Love and the Lord may delight to dwell in the midst of us 2. That we shall in like manner without respect of persons endeavour the extirpation of Popery Prelacy that is Church-Government by Arch-Bishops Bishops their Chancellors and Commissaries Deans Deans and Chapters Arch-Deacons and all other Ecclesiastical Officers depending on that Hierarchy Superstition Heresie Schism Prophaneness and whatsoever shall be found to be contrary to Godliness and sound Doctrine and the power of Godliness left we partake in other mens sins and thereby be in danger to receive of their plagues And that the Lord may be one and his Name one in the three Kingdoms 3. We shall with the same sincerity reality and constancy in our several Vocations endeavour with our Estates and Lives mutually to preserve the Rights and Priviledges of the Parliaments and the Liberties of the Kingdoms and to preserve and defend the Kings Majesties person and Authority in the preservation and defence of the true Religion and Liberties of the Kingdoms That the World may bear Witness with our Consciences of our Loyalty that we have no thoughts or intentions to diminish his Majesties just Power and Greatness 4. We shall also with all faithfulness endeavour the discovery of all such as have been or shall be Incendiaries Malignants or evil Instruments by hindering the Reformation of Religion dividing the King from his people or one of the Kingdoms from another or making any Faction or parties amongst the people contrary to this League and Covenant that they may be brought to publick Trial and receive condigne punishment as the degree of their offences shall require or deserve or the supreme Iudicatories of both Kingdoms respectively or others having power from them for that effect shall judge convenient 5. And whereas the happiness of a blessed Peace between these Kingdoms denied in former times to our Progenitors is by the good providence of God granted unto us and hath been lately concluded and setled by both Parliaments We shall each one of us according to our place and interest endeavour that they may remain conjoyned in a firm Peace and Vnion to all Posterity and that justice may be done upon the wilful opposers thereof in manner expressed in the precedent Article 6. We shall also according to our Places and Callings in this common Cause of Religion Liberty and Peace of the Kingdoms assist and defend all those that enter into this League and Covenant in the maintaining and pursuing thereof and shall not suffer our selves directly or indirectly by whatsoever Combination Perswasion or Terrour to be divided and withdrawn from this blessed Vnion and Conjunction whether to make defection to the contrary part or to give our selves to a detestible indifferency or neutrality in this Cause which so much concerns the Glory of God the good of the Kingdoms and Honour of the King but shall all the daies of our lives zealously and constantly continue therein against all opposition and promote the same according to our power against all Lets and Impediments whatsoever And what we are not able our selves to suppress or overcome we shall reveal or make known that it may be timely prevented or removed All which we shall doe as in the sight of God And because these Kingdoms are guilty of many sins and provocations against God and his Son Iesus Christ as is too manifest by our present distresses and dangers the fruits thereof We profess and declare before God and the World our unfeigned desire to be humbled for our own sins and for the sins of these Kingdoms especially that we have not as we ought valued the inestimable benefit of the Gospel That we have not laboured for the Purity and Power thereof and that we have not endeavoured to receive Christ in our Hearts nor to walk worthy of him in our Live◠which are the Causes of other sins and transgressions so much abounding amongst 〈◊〉 and our true unfaigned purpose desire and endeavour for our selves and all others under our Power and Charge both in publick and
usual confidence of his Party made an end His Quarters were disposed of by his Majesties Orders and his Head set upon a Pole in White Chappel near the place of his Meeting for example to his Fellows Some discourses there were of a Design about Dunkirk and the Duke of York passed over there this Month carrying the Garrison money and upon his arrival viewed the Fortifications and Lines and found it stronger by some new Forts the Governour the Lord Rutherford now made Earl of Tiviot and Governour of Tangeir had raised thereabouts and after a short stay returned again for England In Ireland Sir Charles Coot Earl of Mountrath one of the Three Justices of that Kingdome died and was buried in State the power of the other Two remaining being invested in Sir Maurice Eustace and the Earl of Orery till the arrival of the Duke of Ormond He had done excellent Service in that Kingdome against the Rebels and though he afterwards sided with those here yet did he by his last Actions in securing that Kingdome to the Interest of his Majesty and helping on the Restitution redeem his former demerits which could be charged on him no otherwise than as a Souldier of Fortune he was one of General Monck's right hands in carrying on the Change The Duke of Ormond was by the Parliament of Ireland gratulated upon his appointment to that Government by Letters sent from the Speakers of both Houses The Council for the Principality of Wales was also erected by the King and setled at Ludlow the usual Residence the Earl of Carbery Lord Vaughan was made President the old Earl of Norwich Clerk of the Council and others of the Nobility and Gentry Assistants Judges also were established and the said Lord President in great State brought into the Town attended by a great Train of the chief Persons thereabouts and joyfully welcomed and complemented This Christmass the Honourable Society of Lincolns-Inne renewed their Custom of the Inns of Court by chusing a Prince who during the Festival commands like a Soveraign in the places adjoyning to the said Inne the Gentleman chosen this time was one Iohn Lort Esquire a Gentleman of Wales by the Title of Prince Le Grange he gave and the King was pleased to accept a Treatment from him the Ceremonies due to a Prince being exactly observed in every respect a Council Judges and Officers of State Honour and Nobility attending this his Highness whom the King at the expiration of his term of Royalty made a Knight Baronet The Marquess Durazzo Embassador from the Republick of Genoa was about this time honourably received by the King attended through the City to Sir Abraham Williams his house by the Earl of Carlisle Complemented from the King by the Earl of Bullingbrook and brought to Audience by the Lord Buckhurst In Scotland Episcopacy which had been so long banished thence was now reduced with all gladness and testimonies of a welcome reception after the experience of so many miseries and confusions which had befallen that Nation through the Fury and Zealotry of the Kirk The four Bishops that were Consecrated at Lambeth a little before this whereof Dr. Iames Sharpe Arch-Bishop of St. Andrews Metropolitan of Scotland was one Consecrating others in that Kingdom the whole Order being there defunct by the long Usurpation of the Presbyterian Discipline To the confirmation therefore of this Sacred resetled Authority the Lord-Commissioner with most of the Nobility and Gentry accompanied the Arch-Bishop of Glascow where the Kirk-Rebellion was first hatched to that City where the face of things was quite altered no Person or occasion ever welcomer or more acceptable than this as their Bells and Bonefires declared And here the Lord Commissioner put sorth a Proclamation prohibiting the payment of any Ecclesiastical Rents o Tythe or profits of the Ministry whatsoever to any who in a short time limited should not acknowledge and own their Diocesan Bishop and his Authority and receive Induction from him Some few grand Factious Predicants stood out and were cuted of their Livings and others the most unquiet and refractory Commanded to depart that Kingdom now well cleared of that Clergy the Original and Fountain of those bitter waters and Rivers of Blood which overflowed the three Nations A like Church-work was taken in hand in England the King at his Entrance into London upon his Restitution-day May 29 fadly observed and shook his Head at the Ruines of St. Paul's Cathedral and therefore the first vacancy his affairs permitted him was bestowed on the consideration of that Religious Structure and thereupon he issued out a Commission to Sir Orlando Bridgeman Sir Ieoffery Palmer and others of the Long Robe with other Gentlemen to take some speedy Order for the Repair thereof and to that pious work he gave the Arrears of Impropriations and Ecclesiastical Livings excepted out of the Act of Oblivion impowering to call all such as owed any Moneys thereupon to account and to lay it out to that use The former Dean of which Cathedral Dr. Nicholas Brother to Master Secretary of State Sir Edward died now of a malignant Feavor called the Country new Disease and Dr. Barwick a man that had suffered all Extremities even of Dungeon and Famine in the Tower from the Rump soon after the King's death was substituted by the King in his place it being reckoned with the late improvement the best Deanry now in England Soon after Dr. Nicholas died Dr. Nicholas Monke Bishop of Hereford and Brother to the Noble General whose private Contemplative liâ—e was no less observed than Jewels in the dark which then shine brightest his Illustrious Brother governing the conspicuous splendor of the Times while he ruled with the recluse vertues of his minde in the obscurity of the Church which afterwards spread and lustre it borrowed from the Beams of this its Luminary though now suddenly deprived of a great part of it in this his Setting And most fit it is that his Name should be Canonized and for ever had Sacred in our Kalendar and Church-Annals About the same time died also Dr. Brian Walton Lord-Bishop of Chester famous for the Polyglotte-Bible and other Excellencies becoming a Prelate nor did his successor Dr. Ferne many weeks outlive him whose defences of the Church will never be forgotten And lastly died Dr. Thomas Fuller known by his several Books and indefatigable industry better than by any account can here be given of him Such a Train of Scholars and Learned men did barbarous Death lead in Triumph to the Captivating Grave that her envious Pomp might draw our eye and tears to this sad spectacle and that might honourably accompany the Fate of the Bishop of Hereford A Fleet was Rigg'd and set to Sea to fetch home the Queen from Portugal and to carry the Forces to Tangier which was delivered by the Portugueze Garrison to Sir Richard Stayner who with 500 men was left to maintain it till the Earl
in Parliament the merciful disposition of the King declining the instigates of his justice against the demerits of so obnoxious and Capital a Deliquent While the main Fleet with the General the Earl of Sandwich was upon return with the Queen from Lisbon Vice-Admiral Sir Iohn Lawson with the Frigots left with him yet plyed to and fro about the Barbary-shore taking and sacking all Vessels belonging to the Pyratical Trade of those Places to the almost breaking the Nest of those Infidel Thieves and on the Twentieth of April having notice of some of their Ships in a Port called Bugia he fell in with his Frigots in spight of their Castles and Guns and burnt and rendred them unserviceable and came out again with little loss April the Twentieth which with the despair of being rid of him and his Fleet made the Algier Bashaw stoop now to the offer of a Treaty and to former Articles with the required advantage to our Commerce in those Ports and Seas which were sent from Sir Iohn Lawson about Iune and brought to the King at Hampton-Court who very well approved of it the Dutch having concluded a very shameful Peace or Truce with them about the same time Our Prossession of Tangier alarm'd the adjacent African Potentates with the danger of our encroachments and the Fame of our Warlike Martial Atchievements by Land as well as by Sea which consideration drew down into the confines of that Place one Gayland a Warlike Prince but then a Rebel against the King of Morocco and Fez and usurping part of his Dominions who continued there appearing and disappering for a space of time upon pretence of a League and Friendship when meeting of a suddain as he was ranging thereabouts with his Horse the swiftest in the World with some of our Forces Forraging for Provision and Horse-meat he surprized and defeated them Their manner of fight being to leave and take as they see advantage which they do with very active and quick force and resolution Since we requited it upon some of his venturing straglers not long after he came very freely and entred into Treaty which he finished and is in good Amity at present with us Shortly after the Earl of Peterborough returned thence and gave his Majesty an account of the place and the Lord Rutherford late Governour of Dunkirk and newly made Earl of Tiviot is now the Governour thereof and Colonel Alsop an antient Souldier throughout the War Commands under him The King hath made it a Free Port and granted it all the Priviledges of a Merchant-City being seated very conveniently for Commerce especially by reason of the security thereof This Trinity-Term Sir Henry Vane and Colonel Lambert at the request of the Parliament having been brought from their remote Prisons in Scilly to the Tower were Arraigned Iune the Fourth before Sir Robert Foster Lord chief Justice at the Kings Bench Bar and Indicted Sir Henry for imagining and compassing the Death of the King and for taking upon him and usurping the Government and Colonel Lambert for Levying War against the King in Middlesex Cheshire Yorkshire and other places of the North of this Kingdom Sir Henry Pleaded the Authority of Parliament and justified it and put the Court to a deal of needless trouble and impertinent repetition but disowned his medling or making with the Kings Death Colonel Lambert behaved himself very civilly and respectively to the Court and pleaded as his last Plea that it did not appear by any additional word that he was the same Iohn Lambert mentioned in the Indictment but he was told it was Iohn Lambert Esquire and then he confessed civilly his not minding it before and submitted The Counsel then craved Judgment against him the Sollicitor-General saying That good manners cannot commute for Treason Both were Sentenced as Traytors but the Colonel Reprieved at the Bar by the King's favour and regard had to the report the Justices had given him of his submissive and handsome deportment at his Tryal and therefore desired the Judges to return unto his Majesty his most humble thanks for his so unexpected mercy which the Judges said might have been and was once thought to be extended to Sir Henry if his frowardness and contemptuous behaviour had not precluded the way to it He nevertheless had this favour shown him at the intercession of some of his Relations who had deserved well of the King in his service that his Majestie mitigated the Sentence to a Beheading only which was Executed on the Fourteenth of Iune on the Scaffold at Tower-Hill where the Earl of Strafford bled first by his Fathers Treachery and there he ran out into Treasonable Discourses but was stopt and after two or three warnings his Notes endeavoured to be taken from him which to prevent he tore them in pieces and in that Passion submitted to the Block Several Contrivances and Designes being related to the Councel hatched by the Phanatick Party caused the King in their usual method to retort their Twenty Miles Proclamation upon their own heads commanding all Officers c. under any of the late Usurped Powers that had been disbanded to depart Twenty miles from the City and Suburbs of London and not to return within Eight Moneths such only excepted as by the Privy-Councel upon their Application to them should obtain licence The only Discourse and Disputation throughout the Kingdome was what the Presbyterian could expect after the Act of Uniformity was passed and St. Bartholomews day the Twenty fourth of August expired which was the time limited for their Conforming to what the Act had required by renouncing the Covenant and reading Divine Service and Common-Prayer in Church-Vestments as the Surplice the main thing bogled at Many endeavours there had been before in Parliament for some Toleration and their Friends sollicited to the utmost but not able to carry it there they Applied themselves to his Majesty and the Privy-Councel the most of them having deserted and relinquished their Livings which the Bishop of London with much prudence and foresight had provided of able and pious Minister and exceptionless whom he setled in their places but upon full debate of their Petition and as full a hearing the Councel laid it aside there being none present to answer and dispute their pretences to a superseding the express meaning of the Act but the aforesaid Bishop and so all their Chimaera's or expectations they had raised in the Country by their Letters to the obstinating of the more indifferent to the resistance of this Law from which they made sure to get a Dispensation to the ruine of some Families came to nothing and now nothing but Transportation was talked of for using the free Exercise of that Religion The Commissioners for Regulating Corporations had likewise proceeded to the dismission of such from all Offices and Places in Councel and otherwhere who refused to renounce and declare the said Covenant Illegal and Suspected and not cleared for
Duke of Ormond who hath so often Governed this Realm hath given the greatest pledges of assurance of an happy Establishment whose beginning I will not trouble with the short-lived rumours of Commotions and Stirs now very frequent and rise by the Arts of our Male-Contents Thus far have I deduced the account of the Three Kingdoms from the most Funest War to a blessed and most promising Peace to us and our Posterity and may there be in the succeeding years of His Majesties and his Royal Progenies Reign which Almighty God derive through innumerable descents no other occasion of our Pens than the gratulatory Records of our undisturbed unalterable Repose Plenty and Tranquillity A BRIEF ACCOUNT Of the most Memorable TRANSACTIONS IN ENGLAND SCOTLAND and IRELAND AND Forein Parts From the Year 1662 to the Year 1675. LONDON Printed by I. C. for T. Basset at the George near Cliffords-Inne in Fleetstreet 1676. A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF TRANSACTIONS IN ENGLAND SCOTLAND and IRELAND c. THere is a justice due to the Memory of Actions as well as the Memory of Men and therefore since the times of Usurpation have had the favour done them as to have the Transactions of those Years publikely recorded though to the shame of those Times that had nothing but Enormity to signalize 'em with more justice may we assay to take a short view of those great and Noble Actions perform'd in the succeeding Years Not that we pretend to a History but in short â—â—â—nals and brief Collections to facilitate the way for those that shall hereafter take a larger and more considerable pains Anno Dom. 1663. THat which the expectations of people were most fix'd upon the beginning of this Year was the Session of Parliament which beginning on the 19 th of February 1662 continued to the 27 th of Iuly 1663. The first thing remarkable was a Petition of both Houses Representing that notwithstanding his Majesties unquestionable zeal and affection to the Protestant Religion manifested by his constant prosession and practice against all temptations whatsoever yet by the great resort of Iesuits and Romish Priests into the Kingdom the Subject was generally much affected with jealousie that the Popish Religion might much encrease and the Church and State be thereby insensibly disturb'd upon which the King set forth a Proclamation Commanding all Iesuits and Irish Scotch and English Priests to depart the Kingdom of England and Dominion of Wales before the 14 th of May then next ensuing upon pain of having the penalty of the Laws inflicted upon them But while they are bringing other Consultations to maturity many other things preceding the Conclusion of their deliberations are to be related In April his Majesty kept the Feast of St. George at Windsor where the Duke of Monmouth and the Prince of Denmark by his Deputy Sir George Carteret Vice-chamberlain were install'd Knights of the Garter Toward the later end of May came News from Iamaica that the English under the Command of Capt. Mymms being about 800 men had made an attempt upon the City of Campeach in the Golden Territories of the King of Spain and that they took the Town though defended with four Forts and 3000 men But the Spaniards having intelligence of their coming had sent away their Women and Riches yet though they miss'd their chief aim they took the Governour brought away 50 pieces of Ordnance and 14 Ships which were in Harbor The beginning of Iune brought News of a Conspiracie of several wicked persons in Ireland who were endeavoring to raise a new Rebellion there by surprizing the Castle of Dublin The Designe was to have been put in execution upon the 21 th of May and the Dâ—ke of Ormond first to be seiz'd To which effect divers persons with Petitions in their hands were to wait in the Castle while 80 Foot in the disguise of Handicrafts-men attended without Their business it was to trifle about for an opportunity to surprize the Guards The Plot was discovered and 500 lib. a head set upon five of the Ringleaders to what persons soever should apprehend them About this time his Majesty caus'd the Earl of Middleton's Commission as Commissioner of Scotland to cease and appointed the Earl of Rothes to succeed him in the same Quality On the third of Iune His Majesty by his Commission under the Great Seal of England to the Lord Chancellor Lord Treasurer Lord Privy Seal Duke of Albemarle Marquess of Dorchester and Lord High Chamberlain pass'd ten Bills which were all private ones but three of which the chiefest was for repair of the High-ways of Huntington Hertford and Cambridge-shires About the beginning of December Mr. Paul Rycaut Secretary to the Earl of Winchelsey came from Constantinople bringing with him the Grand Seigniors Ratifications of the several Treaties made with Argier and as a mark of the Kings satisfaction in the management of his Employment and the Message he brought His Majesty was pleas'd to honour him with a fair gold Chain and a Medal No less mindful was he of the Loyalty of his Island of Iersey and as a reward thereof muâ—â—bout the same time he order'd a stately silver Mace richly gilt to be bestowed upon the Bayliff or Chief Magistrate of the Island to be born ever after before him and his Successors as an honourable Badge of his Majesties affection to them for their constant adhering both to his Father and Himself It was received with all imaginable demonstrations of joy and the first that had the honour to have it born before him was Philip Carteret Esq. Brother to Sir George Vice-Chamberlain to his Majesty But now so loud and so hainous were the rebellious Treasons daily discovered in the North that it was thought convenient to give requitals of another nature and in the depth of winter to send a Commission of Oyer and Terminer to York for trial of the most notorious Offenders in that Conspiracie Seventeen were first arraign'd ten of which appeared to have been actually in arms at Farnley-wood The Plot was excellently open'd to have been a Designe which came from the Bishoprick about a year before and that an Intelligence was settled between the disaffected there and in Yorkshire as also in Ipswich in Suffolk and other Counties an Oath of Secresie taken and Agents employ'd at London and in the West of England for assistance In Iune preceding two Agitators were sent into Scotland to reconcile the Sectaries there who were entertained at one Oldroyd's house in Deusbury commonly known by the name of the Devil of Deusbury and afterwards divers meetings were appointed at a place called Stanh-house in York-shire Whereupon Marshden and Palmer were sent to London as Agitators to the Secret Committee there and at their return brought Orders to rise the 12 th of Octob. with assurance that the Insurrection should be general and Whitehal be attempted Nottingham Glocester and Newcastle were to be seized as Passes
was gratiously pleas'd to dispence with the attendance of Sir Thomas Mallet one of the Judges of the Kings Bench who had been Judge in the time of King Charles the First and by consequence being now by reason of his very great age disabled Sir Iohn Keeling was sworn in his place He was a Person of eminent Loyalty and Fidelity to the Crown The same month died the Learned and most Reverend Prelate Dr. Bramhal Archbishop of Armagh to which See he had been by his Majesty translated from that of London-Derry Of whom it is enough to say that he was the beloved Darling of those two Renowned Patriots Archbishop Laud and the Earl of Strafford In Iuly came Intelligence from Tangier that Gayland had made a very vigorous Assault upon Tangier with about six thousand men the May before But the Earl of Teviot who was there newly arrived gave him so warm a welcom that he retired with the loss of above an hundred men and the Commander of his Horse who by his Crimson-velvet Coat was thought to be a Person of Quality besides that after he was slain the rest went off immediately Not long after he made a second Attempt with 10000 men but though he made a very sharp Assault his Entertainment was far more warm than the former for he lost a thousand men After which Defeat the Earl of Teviot sent him a Letter to let him know that though the King of Great Britain wanted neither resolution nor ability to maintain his Right yet he was a friend to Peace which so prevailed upon Gayland that he sent Messengers for a Treaty and soon after came to an Accord On the 22 th of this month was Christened Iames Son of his Royal Highness in the Chappel of St. Iames's by the Bishop of London then Elect Archbishop of Canterbury His Majesty and the Lord Chancellor were God-fathers and the Queen-Mother was God-mother The State was born by the Earl of St. Albans and the Earl of Sandwich and the Dutchess of Buckingam held the Infant On the 27 th of Iuly his Majesty going to the House of Peers where the House of Commons went to attend him after a short Speech declaring among other things how he had proceeded by Commands and Directions to all his Judges in all Affairs which the Season and other Necessities would not permit to pass into Acts gave his Royal Assent to several Bills and then Prorogued them till the 16 th of March following The chief Acts were An Act for four entire Subsidies to his Majesty by the Temporalty An Act to confirm four Subsidies granted by the Clergy A third in behalf of Indigent Officers and for settling the profits of the Post-Office and Wine-Licences upon the Duke of York and his Heirs And for better Collecting the Duty of Excise c. Nor may it be amiss to relate the manner of the Translation of the Right Reverend Gilbert Archbishop of Canterbury as being novel to the Reading of this Age and a Solemnity not every day common Just before the Bishops came into the Chappel the Mace-bearer the Archbishops Steward Treasurer and Controller all in their Habits with white Staves in their hands In the next place followed the Bishops in their Episcopal Robes After these the Dean of the Arches the Judge of the Admiralty and the Judge of the Archbishops Prerogative-Court with divers Advocates in Scarlet Robes Lastly several Proctors in the Archbishops Court in Hoods and Habits The Congregation being placed in the Chappel Divine Service was celebrated by two of the Archbishops Chaplains which being ended the Bishops were brought up from the Seats they had taken to that part of the Chappel where all things were transacted relating to the Ceremony in which having seated themselves the Kings Commission under the Great Seal was presented to the Bishops by the Archbishops Vicar-General and was publickly read by the Dean of the Arches whereupon the Bishops accepting of the Commission the Vicar-General went forth and conducted the Archbishop into the Chappel the Mace-bearer Steward and Controller marching before and presented him to the rest of the Bishops who being then seated in a Chair before them the Bishops Commissioners proceeded in course of Law and at length to a definitive Sentence which was publickly read by the first Bishop in Commission and then subscribed by himself and the rest of the Bishops whereby the Election was confirmed and made good in Law It being now Vacation-time His Majesty went his Progress Westward from London to Bath and from thence through Gloucestershire to Oxford being presented at Reading and Newbury with Purses of Gold receiving where-ever he came very high and splendid Entertainments particularly at Littlecot from Sir Popham at Newbury from Sir Thomas Dolman from the Lord Seymor at Marleborough from Sir Iames Thyn at Ling-leet at Badmanton from the Marquess of Worcester and at Cornbury from the Lord Chancellor Coming to Oxford he was met half a mile from the City by the Doctors and Scholars in all their Formalities and entring the Suburbs by the Militia of the City through which he pass'd from his first Entry to his Lodgings During his abode there he visited the Schools where a Noble Banquet attended him He also toucht above 300 Persons with which impression of duty and reverence left behind him he return'd in October to London The Parliament of Scotland had this year sate ever since the 18 th of Iune in which time the main thing which they did of general Concernment was their Condemnation of Archibald Iohnson alias Laird Wariston a Member of the Committee of Safety who was executed on the 22 th of Iuly at the Market-Cross of Edenburgh having receiv'd his Sentence in the Parliament-House In the next place was their Constitution of a National Synod or Assembly of the Church the first that ever was constituted in that Kingdom under Bishops whereby the ordering and disposal of the external Government of the Church and the Nominations of the Members of the Synod were to be in the King by vertue of his Prerogative Royal in Causes Ecclesiastical As to the Members constituting the same they were to be Archbishops Bishops Deans and Arch-Deacons the Moderators of Meetings for Exercises with one Minister of each Meeting to be chosen by the Moderator and plurality of Ministers for the same The Synod to meet at such time and places as his Majesty should appoint by Proclamation and to debate of such matters relating to the Government and Doctrine of the Church as his Majesty should deliver to the President And lastly no Assembly to be held without the presence of his Majesty or his Commissioner Their second Act was for an Army of 20000 Foot and 2000 Horse with forty days provision to be in readiness as they should be call'd to march to any part of his Majesties Dominions for suppressing any forein Invasion or for any other Service
attend the Motion of the Netherlanders the Dutch Bourdeaux-Fleet laden with Wine Brandy and other Commodities fell all or the greatest part into our hands which together with many other Prizes at other times this Year taken made up the number of above a Hundred thirty five with great Caution condemnâ—d in the Admiralty of London Nine Dutch Ships were brought into Dover at one time laden with Canary Salt Oyl Brandy Spice and other good Merchandizes Certain it was that the Hollander received a very great Foyl in the Opinion of the People by that Action of withdrawing his Fleet the Vulgar being supported till then with an expectation of some mighty Actions to Answer their Prodigious Boasting This was all the Action of the English and Dutch Fleets at home For his Highness the Duke of York finding that the Netherlanders had laid up their Ships and that there was now no need of keeping so great a Navy abroad with all his Train upon the seventh of December arrived at White-Hall leaving a considerable number of stout Vessels under the Conduct of the Earl of Sandwich having before his departure by a Speech which he made them inspired the Seamen with an admirable resolution and chearfulness to obey the Commands of their Admiral in whatever Enterprise he should have further Order to Prosecute This year were Launch'd the Royal Catherine and the Royal Oak And that noble Ship the London being by an Accident blown up the City made their humble Addresses to His Majesty that they might have leave to make a Contribution among themselves for the building another Ship of equal Goodness The King graciously accepted their kind offer and to shew his greater Acceptance enjoyned them to add the Title of Loyal to the Name of London As yet there was no publique Declaration of War on either side Only the King seemed to Treat with his Arms in his hands And therefore Sir George Downing still prest in the heat of all this Preparation and Action according to his Instructions for Satisfaction of Damages The King had also made an Embargo upon the Dutch here in England which was carried so privately that Sir George Downing had Intelligence of it a full Week before the States knew any thing thereof By which means he gave timely Notice to fifteen or sixteen Sail of the English to Ship away insomuch that there remain'd nothing for the other to Seize but two inconsiderable Vessels and a Colchester Oysterboat About the List of Damages there were several Conferences with Sr. George Downing which prov'd all to little or no Effect But that which pinch'd them most was the Regulation propounded by Sir George for the Government of Trade for the future being very sensible that the English did make themselves much more Popular among the Natives where they settled than the Netherlanders had the fortune to do At length in Justification of their Proceedings they put forth a Scandalous Libel intituled An Extract out of the Memorials of the States General of the Vnited Provinces upon the Memorial of Sir George Downing Envoyè c. wherein they cast many Invective Aspersions upon His Majesty and put Sir George to the necessity of a Printed Vindication The reason of this delay was to feel the pulses of their Neighbours and to try what Assistance they could get from them especially France whither they had posted away Monsieur Benninghen as was said before but his Negotiation did no way answer their expectations Besides that the Minister of the Crown of Sweden charg'd them in a large Memorial with a direct breach of Articles neither would Denmark Meddle with their Cause The Bishop of Munster threatned 'um for the Eyler Fort The Emperour sollicited 'um to do Reason to Malta And Spain Visibly rejoyc'd for their misfortune before Calice Which at the latter end of Sixty four after all their Embassies and Negotiations was their Condition with Forraign Princes They were angry with His Majesty of England for making a Peace with Argier without their Assent whenas they had given order to De Ruyter who Commanded the Squadron which was sent to the Assistance of the English to leave that Enterprize having designed him to destroy the English Factories in Guiny to which purpose De Ruyter set Sayl from Gibralter about the latter end of September with Thirteen Ships and Arriving in Guiny made seizure of all that he found within his reach at Cape Verd and the Island of Gâ—gee where the Governour with his men finding himself deserted made Conditions to be Transported to Gambia But this was in part retaliated by the News which came from Captain Allen who with the Ships under his Command discovering about thirty Dutch-men which prov'd to be the Smyrna-Fleet with their Convey made up to them and upon their refusing to strike Sayl gave them a Salute which they answered After some Dispute the Dutch made for the Bay of Cadiz having lost four of their Richest Merchant-men and one taken and divers of the rest very much shatter'd one of the Captains of their Men of War was kill'd This Action was the more considerable in regard that the Sea was so high that Captain Allen could not bear out his lower Tire About the seventh of Iune Sir Thomas Modeford arriv'd at Iamaica with four hundred Passengers whither he was followed soon after with Three hundred more where they found themselves very well pleased with the Country and very much encourag'd to settle themselves the Governour endeavouring with all diligence to settle a fair Correspondence with his Neighbours both in Sancto Domingo and Cartagena to which purpose he call'd in all Private Men of War belonging to the Island On the 24th of November the Parliament met again at which time the King in a Speech signified to them how unkindly he had been treated by his Neighbours yet that he had upon the Stock of his own Credit set forth a Navy that would not decline meeting with all the Naval Power of the Enemy that he had borrowed very liberally out of his own Stores and of the City of London so that to discharge the one and replenish the other would require little less than Eight hundred thousand pounds That he expected from them all necessary Expedition in their Resolutions and that their Supply might be Real and Substantial This was Answered by Sir Edward Turnor then Speaker with all Expressions of Loyalty and Affection to the King setting forth the deep sence which the Parliament had of the Injuries of the Dutch of His Majesties Expences and the necessity of his Warlike Preparations Assuring Him of their Constancie and readiness to yield him all obedience both with their Bodies and Purses To make their words good they first past a Vote for a Supply of Four and twenty hundred seventy seven thousand and five hundred pounds a great heart-breaking at that time and that which shew'd the King would want no
hands while he had such large Sums to carry on the War In a short time the Prâ—positions of the several Counties and the Names of the Commissioners were agreed upon by both Houses of Parliament Upon the Eleventh of February following the King Sign'd the Act being Entituled An Act for granting a Royal Ayd of Twenty four hundred threescore and seventeen thousand and five hundred pounds For which his Majesty return'd his Royal thanks In the beginning of March following his Majesty having passed several other Acts presented him by both Houses and receiv'd their good wishes for the prosperity of his undertakings delivered in a Speech by the Speaker Prorogued them till the Twenty first of Iune 1665. A little before the Parliament met His Majesty set forth a Declaration for Encouragement of Marriners and Seamen employ'd in the Service Allowing all Officers and Seamen after the rate of Ten shillings per Tun for every lawful Prize and to take to themselves as free Pillage whatever they should take on or above the Gun-Deck with his Royal Promise to provide for the Sick and Wounded Widows Children and Impotent Parents of such as should be Kill'd with several other advantages mention'd in the said Declaration His Majesties Wisdom and Goodness in that and in all other things plentifully providing for all Events both of War and Peace In December following His Majesty setting forth the Consideration which he had taken of the Injuries Affronts and Spoyls done by the Subjects of the Vnited Provinces to the Ships Goods and Persons of His Majesties Suâ—jects notwithstanding many and frequent demands for Redress by the Advice of His Privy Councel ordered That general Reprisals should be granted against the Ships and Goods and Subjects of the Vnited Provinces As this did not a little vex the Dutch so with greater reason the action of De Ruyter in Guiny did Incense the King of England and therefore in the beginning of February he put forth a Declaration That the Subjects of His Majesty had sustained several Injuries and Damages from the Subjects of the United Provinces That he had made Complaint thereof and frequently demanded Satisfaction That instead of Reparation they had not only ordered De Ruyter to desert the Consortship against the Pyrats of the Mediterranean Sea but also to do all acts of Violence and Hostility against His Majesties People in Africa And that therefore His Majesty did with the Advice of his Privy Councel Declare the Dutch the Aggressors Impowring His Majesties Fleet to Fight and Destroy the Ships of the Netherlanders This Declaration being a solemn Denuntiation of War was proclam'd in the beginning of March at White-hall Temple-bar and the Royal-Exchange with the usual Solemnities This Declaration charging them to be the Aggressors stuck heavily in their Stomachs and they took it into their serious consideration But instead of answering to so high a Charge they contented themselves with a second Libel which they had publish'd somewhile before which they call'd A Summary Observation and Deduction delivered by the Deputies of the States General upon the Memorial of Sir George Downing Envoy Extraordinary of the King of Great Britain As lewd a piece for foulness of Language and weakness of Defence as ever came into the light under pretence of Authority In the mean while their Embassies to Swedeland and Denmark went slowly on and instead of being befriended by France the Embassador of that Crown is order'd to demand reparations for the loss of two very considerable East-India Ships taken from the Subjects of that Kingdom And at the same time his Electoral Highness renewed his demands of satisfaction from the Governors of Wasel for the affront offerâ—d to the Son of his Excellencie the Earl of Carlisle of which it may not be unseasonable now to give the Relation The Lord Morpeth Son of the Earl of Carlisle travelling from Munster to Collen found a Tâ—oop of Horse drawn up in his way the Captain whereof coming to the young Lord told him he had Orders to carry that Company to Wesel by a Verbal Order from the Governour which he did and lodg'd the Company in two Inns. After they had been two days Prisoners one Hayes a Gentleman belonging to the Duke of Brandenburghs Council in Cleve demanded the Prisoners in the Dukes name threatning to seize the Goods of the States Subjects in the Dukes Dominions in case of refusal The Governor answer'd that he was inform'd they were gathering a Party to fall upon his Garrison but finding the Information false he gave them all free liberty to proceed in their Journey But the Lord Morpeth and the English not so contented went to Cleve and there in the Dukes Court exhibited a Charge against the Governor Not long after Major Holmes was committed to the Tower upon several Accusations laid against him But when the whole matter came to be strictly enquired into and examined he did so fully clear himself upon every point that the King was not only pleas'd to discharge but to honour him with a singular mark of his favour Toward the middle of March several Memorials were delivered in by the Ministers of France Portugal and Swede complaining of their Ships being detained contrary to the Usage and Practice of their Friends and Allies To which the States gave little or no satisfaction only permitted some French Ballast-ships to go out About the latter end of March Captain Allen arriv'd in the Downs with a considerable Squadron of his Majesties Fleet and a Convoy of rich Merchants together with a rich Prize one of them that were taken at Cadiz a lusty Ship which was afterwards made a man of War and carried above 40 Guns About this time his Majesty publish'd a Proclamation prohibiting the Importation or Retailing of any Commodities of the Growth or Manufacture of the States of the United Provinces occasion'd by a Prohibition on their parts of the Importing or Vending any Goods or Wares made in any of the Kings Dominions But while we prepare for War at home we make Peace abroad For the English in Tangier had by this made an advantageous Accord with Gayland the Mâ—ors being very ready to agree with them in all Amity and good Correspondence Nor was it less pleasing to hear of Sir Charles Cotterels reception at Bruxels who being sent on his Majesties behalf to preserve and continue the Ancient Amity had an entertainment sutable to his Quality If there were any thoughts of Peace among the Hollanders it was only in shew for their preparations for War were open and publick and therefore the King with most indefatigable diligence journey'd from Port to Port to hasten out his Fleet already in great readiness as also by his presence to incourage the Seamen that by the 25 th of March ending the Year 1664 the Fleet most magnificently prepar'd with all Provisions necessary was ready to receive their most
how diffusive the Kings Royal care was for the good of his Subjects as well far distant as neer home Mr. Warren employ'd for that purpose had now for the benefit of the English Trade in Africa made a Peace with Sancta Cruze Sophia and Morocco In the last of which Places when the Emperour heard that the English Agent was come to make a Peace with him he ordered a Guard of 500 Horse to Conduct him to his Court which attended the Agent above Fourscore Miles And all this while the Mediterranean Sea were secured by a strong Squadron of Ships under the Command of Sir Ieremy Smith Sir Christopher Mimms missing of the Dutch at home sail'd away for the Coast of Sweden where coming to an Anchor at the Mouth of the Elve with a Charge of Merchants under his Convoy General Wrangle made it his business to travel 30 miles to give him a visit Aboard his Ship whom the English Admiral entertain'd according to his Dignity The Parliament in Scotland Issued out a Proclamation Commanding all Ministers who had entred before the Year 49 and since the Restitution of the Church-Government by Archbishops and Bishops had Relinquish'd their Ministery or had been Deposed by their Ordinary to remove themselves within Forty days after their Relinquishment or Deposal out of the Parishes where they were Incumbents and not to Reside within Twenty miles of the same nor within six Miles of Edenburgh or any Cathedral nor within Three Miles of any Burgh Royal nor to Inhabit Two in one Parish upon Penalty of Incurring the Laws made against movers of Sedition This Proclamation was occasion'd by the Insolent Carriage of one Alexander Smith a Depos'd Minister who being taken at a Conventicle was conven'd before the High Commission-Court but gave such reviling Language against the Archbishop of St. Andrews who sate there as President that the Lord Commissioner ordered him to be put in Irons Twenty four hours in the Theives Hole In Ireland the Parliament being likewise Sate fell upon the Examination of certain of their Members who were said to have been in the Plot in the Year 1663. Robert Shapcott Alexander Staples and five others were call'd to the Bar and for that Reason were Expell'd the House and made incapable of ever sitting in any Parliament of that Kingdom Forein Affairs 1665. The King of Poland having made a fruitless and very unsuccessful expedition against the Muscovites the event thereof was That being deserted by his Tartars and Cossacks for fear of being surrounded by the Muscovites who having intelligence of his condition had gathered their Forces together with the same intention he was forc'd to make his retreat through a vast Desert of twenty Leagues over wherein meeting with neither Forrage nor other conveniencies his whole Cavalry was utterly ruin'd and all his Nobility and Gentry highly discontented to see themselves in that manner lost without a stroke dispersed themselves and left him This Calamity which they say broke his Heart was follow'd by the revolt of Lubomirsky a great Souldier and of high repute in that Country whose dignities and Estate the King had Confiscated as not conformable to his Government Lubomirsky takes Arms gathers together a very formidable Body and though now grown considerable both in his own Forces and the affections of the Polish Nobility tenders his service to the King offers to make use of his power against the Common Enemy the Muscovite on condition he might be restored to his Territories and Charges But the King giving no heed to his Proposals raises and Army marches against him and being come now within four miles of Lubomirskie with an intention to give him Battle he assembled his Nobility and Gentry and in a long Oration endeavour'd to encourage them to behave themselves resolutely against the Enemie of their Country and Rebel to himself But they gave him for answer That they acknowledged it was their duty to hazard their Lives against any publick Enemy whatsoever but to fight against their fellow-Subject and Citizen whom they could not finde to have committed any crime worthy so high a punishment as was inflicted on him they could not adventure at all This Answer so disturb'd the King that he withdrew himself and posted directly for Warsaw destitute of Counsel or Assistants and was at length forc'd to the Restauration of Lubomirskie to avoid the hazard of greater Inconveniencies This year a great Quarrel broke forth among the Princes of the Empire as the Electors of Mentz Triers Collen and others But as those difference were long a brewing so it was not an easie work to compose them though the Emperour was very diligent in his Mediation He had no reason to desire War who was in daily expectance of the arrival of his Contracted Empress the Infanta of Spain of whose hastening into Germany he had received certain intelligence from her Father In February he sent his power into Spain to the Duke de Medina de las Torres for the Marrying of her but she arrived not at Vienna this year But returning to feats of War we finde the Duke of Beaufort encountring in the Mediterranean-Sea with a Squadron of Argier Men of War five in number but two of them ran themselves aground the other three he caus'd three of his Captains to set upon who did so well acquit themselves that the Admiral of the Pyrates carrying 600 Men and 50 pieces of Cannon lost in the dispute above half her men the rest threw themselves into the Sea and set fire on the ship Nor did the other two carrying 400 Men and 30 Guns apiece run a better fortune being both sunk and burnt Nor did it serve their turns that they had withdrawn themselves within Carabine-shot of the very Forts belonging to Tunis This was an honourable undertaking and as successfully performed However the Victory which the Portugueses obtain'd against the Spaniard made a greater noise in the World which most not be forgotten as obtain'd by the Valour of the English At first the Spaniards Charg'd the Portuguez and French Horse so home that they beat them into the Rear but the English coming to charge recovered all the ground which the other had lost and kept it which so encourage'd the rest that they came on again afresh and then the English charging again with the same success as before caus'd the Enemy to quit the Field Major Trelawney charged the Prince of Parma at the head of his own Battalia kill'd most of his men and brought off his Standard He had his Horse â—lain under him but was remounted by his Lieutenant The General of the Horse was taken five thousand Prisoners all their Baggage and seven pieces of Cannon together with 3000 Mules But in the Imperial Court there was no small distraction by reason of the death of Duke Sigismunâ—â— the Emperour's Brother whom some supposed to have been taken away by Poison though others
own Lands for the Publick benefit and to remit the Duties arising from Hearth-money for seven Years to all that should Erect any New Buildings according to his Declaration And therefore Valentine Knight for presuming to Print certain Propositions for Re-building the City with considerable advantages to the Crown was Committed to Custody as being repugnant to the Gracious offers of the King After this Distraction in the City the Parliament met at Westminster according to the time limited at their last Prorogation to whom the King expressed his satisfaction to see them so happily met again making known to them the Progress and vast Expenses of the War and the urgent occasion of supply Whereupon the House resolv'd that the humble and hearty thanks of the House should be return'd to the King for his great Care in the Management of the War and that they would supply him proportionably to his Occasions and afterwards in a Body attended the King in the Banqueting-House to signifie the same to his Majesty in order whereunto they Voted a Supply of 1800000 l. In relation to which in Ianuary following they passed an Act for raising money by a Pole and otherwise toward the maintenance of the present War to which the King gave his Royal Assent in the House of Lords But that not being thought sufficient they so diligently ply'd their business that in February they passed another Act for granting the Sum of Twelve hundred and fifty thousand three hundred and forty seven pounds thirteen shillings for the same reasons and upon the same occasion as the former And to shew their readiness to forward the Re-building of the City they passed another Act for Erecting a Court of Judicature to determine all differences touching Houses Burn'd or Demolish'd in the Fire which with an Act for the Relief of Prisoners was the chief business of this Session being upon the 8 th of February Prorogu'd till the 10 th of October following That Fire which had lay'd the City of London in Ashes now threatned the City of Westminster and the Kings Palace it self having by the misfortune of a Candle falling into the straw violently seiz'd upon the Horse-Guard in the Tilt-yard over against White-Hall burning down the North-West part of the Building but being so close under the King 's own Eye it was by the timely help which the King and the Duke of York caus'd to be apply'd in a very short time stop'd and wholly master'd About this time complaint was made by several Merchants of the ill dealings of the Inhabitants of the Canary-Islands in enhansing the Prizes of their Wines Banishing the English Consul and Factors out of the Island of Tenariff publickly declaring against the Loading or Unloading of the English Ships with other severe dealings with the Merchants of England Traâ—ing thither Upon consideration whereof the King put forth a Proclamation Prohibiting the Importing of any Wines of the growth of the Canary-Islands and all Trade and Commerce with those Parts And at the same time another Proclamation came forth Prohibiting the Importation of any Manufactures Wines Merchandizes or Commodities whatsoever of the Growth of France or of any Lands Territories or Places belonging to the French King No less care was taken for suppressing the Insolencies of the Papists upon the humble Address of the Lords and Commons made to the King to that purpose And therefore all Popish Priests and Jesuits were by publick Proclamation likewise Commanded by a prefix'd time to depart the Kingdom And now the King to justifie his Breaking with Denmark Published a Deduction of all the Transactions of Affairs between Himself and the King of Denmark with his Declaration of War against the said King and the Motives that oblig'd him thereto wherein the King alledges that he had been unavoidably provok'd by the King of Denmark by many Aspersions Indignities and breach of Faith which that King had offered him making the Assault made by His Majesties Ships in the Port of Berghen the Ground of his late entring into a League Offensive and Defensive with the States of the Vnited Provinces whereas in truth his Majesty had the Freedom of that Port frankly offer'd him by the King of Denmark himself at a time when his Majesty thought nothing of it and that in order to the doing those very Acts of Hostility wherewith he was then reproach'd And for a good Omen of his Majesties Success in the beginning of November came News That the Vice-Admiral of Denmark was taken by some of His Majesties Frigats upon the Coast of Scotland Too long had the City now lain in Ashes when Sir George Moore a Proprietor in some Houses in Fleetstreet upon promise of conforming to the Model Form and Scantling set by the Committee appointed by the King for that purpose had liberty given him to begin that great Work which was soon after followed with that Expedition and Beauty that none could imagine but they who beheld it It was a Year of Wonders and this not the least which happen'd in the County of Lincoln where at a place call'd Welborn after a Prodigious Thunder with Hail-stones as big as Pigeons eggs there follow'd a Storm and Tempest with so great violence that it threw down most of the Houses to the ground broke down and tore up Trees by the Roots dispersing the Corn and Hay from thence going to the next Village call'd Willington it threw down some Houses which with the fall kill'd two Children thence proceeding to Nanby it fell so violently upon the Church that it dash'd the Spire in pieces tearing and rending the Church it self both in the Body and Timber-work so that it left little of the Wall standing with the body of the Steeple It was observed to run only in a Chaâ—el which had it held any considerable breadth could not but have Ruin'd a considerable part of the County But that which after so many severe Calamities reviv'd the Hearts of the City was the absolute ceasing of her devouring Enemy The Sickness in acknowledgment whereof the King order'd a publick day of Thanksgiving In Scotland there happen'd a Riot of no small consequence at Dumfreeze where some persons having gathered the people of the Neighbouring Parishes to the number of about two hundred arm'd with Clubs and Sythes took Sir Iames Turner out of his Bed carried him naked into the Market-place and had much ado to be restrain'd from cutting him in pieces for his severity as they pretended in exacting Fines upon Nonconformists Nor was this contemptible number long ere they increased to a considerable force in all 1600 men and were marching within four miles of Edenburgh when hearing that the whole Country was up in Arms against them they thought it more convenient to return but being set upon by Lieutenant-Colonel Dyel and Major-General Drummond neer Glencarn-Kirk they were totally defeated 500 slain upon the place and
Reside there as his Legate France may be thought to have no kindness for the Jesuits however the most Christian King could not be said to do amiss not to let 'um Triumph over their Superiors for Complaint being made that the Jesuits in the Diocess of Fambers had refus'd to give Obedience to the Bishop of that Diocess the King gave leave to the Bishop to proceed against them by Excommunication according to the Priviledges of the Gallicane Church whereupon the Bishop suspended them from all their Functions forbidding them to Preach Teach or Confess any person within the Territories of his Diocess The King of France being now Master of several Towns of Flanders late under the Jurisdiction of the Spaniards and having totally reduc'd the County of Burgundy under his Subjection of which in favour of the Prince of Conde he immediately granted two Reversions one to the Duke D' Enguien Son of the said Prince and the other to the Duke of Bourbon his Grand-Child thought it convenient to listen to the Mediation then proffer'd by several Princes of Europe chiefly by the King of England and the States of the Vnited Netherlands so that a Treaty was concluded upon and Aix la Chapelle appointed the Place for the Commissioners to meet in In the mean time while the Spaniards lay upon their Demurs a League was Concluded by the Mediation of the Earl of Sandwich the King of Englands Embassador at Lisbon between the two Crowns of Spain and Portugal a League of sincere and perpetual Peace containing a Release of Prisoners Nullity of Confiscations Freedom of Commerce and such other Usual Articles which were in Six Months after Publication to be Confirm'd and Ratifi'd by the King of Great Britain And now as if the General Design of Europe were Peace the Commissioners meet at Aix la Chapelle for the King of England Sir William Temple for the Dutch Mr. Beverning for the French Monsieur Colbert for the King of Spain the Baron of Bergeick who having some time before Sign'd Provisional Articles in order to a final Conclusion whereby a suspension of Arms was granted and the March of the French Army Countermanded at length fell seriously to their Work so that by the second of May the Articles of General Peace were sign'd by the Plenipotentiaries of both Kings and afterwards Proclaim'd through all the Chief places of France Spain and Flanders to the general content of Europe and satisfaction of the Mediators But notwithstanding this fair Peace the Spaniards did not like the Neighbourhood of the French and therefore would have made an Exchange of some other Territories of theirs lying farther off for that oâ— Frâ—nche Comâ—e On the otherside the French not satisfi'd with what they had got Claim'd several Towns as dependencies upon their late Conquests as the Towns of Conde Newport and other places Hereupon to end these differences and to settle the bounds of the French Jurisdiction Commissioners are appointed to meet at Lille but they determine nothing upon which the French King makes a positive demand of all that he Challeng'd and the Spaniards Order the several Commanders to have a care of the Defence of their several Charges In which posture we leave 'um hatching new Discords for this Year Leaving these great Actors upon the Stage of the World we are coming to one who is making his Exit for the King of Poland at the beginning of the Year had signifiâ—â— to the publick Dyet of that Kingdom his Resolution to make a Resignation many applications were made to him whether Real or out of Ceremony not here to be determin'd that he would please to change his purpose and some other delays happen'd as in a matter of so great importance so that the Ceremony was not perform'd till September at which time the King appearing in the publick Assembly and in a pathetick Speech insisting on his misfortune to meet with such bad times and desiring pardon for what had been done amiss during the time of his Raign departed out of the Assembly and in his own Coach leaving the Castle went to a private House he had in the City The Nobility would have attended him but he refus'd it But there were enough that ardently coveted what he had so calmly forsaken The Duke of Muscovy was urgent for his own Son The Emperour for the Prince of Lorrain And the French King for the Duke of Newburg a Creature of his own But the Pole refus'd all but more especially the French whose Embassador the Bishop of Bezieres they would not endure should stay in the Kingdom to have any finger in the Election Nor was any thing this Year concluded In Holland Monsieur Cariâ—ius put a very hard Riddle to the States When they would be pleas'd to pay his Majesty the King of Denmark several sums of Money which he pretended to be due upon Promise particularly 400000 Rixdollars from the States of Holland and 14000 from those of Amsterdam This Question occasion'd many Debates and Conferences and was at length put to the Arbitration of the King of France Now for varieties sake and to shew there was some Justice at Rome I must not omit an Act of the Pope at this time raigning A Complaint being Exhibited to his Holiness by a person of Tivoli that whereas he had liv'd several years with his Mother with great content and satisfaction upon an Estate of 1500 Dollars per Annum His Mother falling sick was during her sickness so far prevail'd upon by a Jesuit her Confessor that she had by Will given away all the Estate to the Order not reserving any thing for the subsistance of him her Son The Pope extreamly dissatisfi'd with this Complaint sent for his own Confessor and in very severe Language commanded him to finde out the General and in his Name to require him to write to the Superior at Tivoli to restore the Petitioner his Land again Nor must we omit now we are at Rome the Canonization of an American Virgin named Rosa a Nun in a Covent of St. Dominick For every body in England does not understand what a glorious thing it is to be made a Saint The Church was hung with Tapistry and Inscriptions in honour of the New Saint on the Altar stood her Image and about it the Arms of the Pope the King of Spain the Kingdom of Peru and this Religious Dominican During the Te Deum one of the Cannons of St. Peters Church was fir'd a great number of Drums and Trumpets sounding and several Vollies of shot given by a Squadron of Germans drawn up neer the Church After which a solemn Mass was sung by six Quires of Musick In the Afternoon the Pope heard Vespers in the same Church present several Cardinals with the Embassadors and Ministers of Forrein Princes and the Evening spent in Lights and Fire-works The Venetians are busied for the defence of their Candia and by the Assistance of the French hold the Turk hard to it this
year besides that their Admiral Morosini with Twenty five Gallies some few Galliasses and several Fireships engaging above One hundred of the Turks Gallies with Sixty Saicks burnt sunk and took the greatest part of them among the rest of his Prisoners Two Bashaws with six Months Provision and Ammunition for supply of the Besiegers The success of Gayland an Enemy of the English must not be omitted who being at Argilla and hearing of a great Defeat given by Taffalette to Ben Buker wherein Ben Buker himself was taken Prisoner and that there was little hopes of getting another Army into the Field to oppose the Conquerour and finding how the ill news work'd upon his own people who began to threaten to desert him unless their wants were supplied he got out of Argilla with 300 men and Transported himself for Argier At this time about the beginning of March the King of Portugal having caus'd his Brother the King to resigne married the Queen and was by the three Estates of that Kingdom confirm'd in his Regency and in a solemn manner they swore Obedience to him accordingly Now though all things went well at home on the French side yet they had not the success which they promis'd themselves at Madagascar where by engaging themselves in other peoples Quarrels they not onely lost many Men but carrying themselves too high and imperious and forcing the Inhabitants to carry their Arms for them the Natives taking hold of the opportunity fell so heartily upon their new Lords that they destroy'd the greatest part of them But Queen Christina having disintrigu'd her self out of these Hurly-burlies at the latter end of the Year arriv'd at Rome where her entertainment was Pompous and Magnificent Nor did the Pope himself the next day disdain to give her a visit in his own proper person glad no question of so Eminent a Proselyte Anno Dom. 1669. THe 25 th of March being past the Year 1669 begins A Year wherein there could be nothing more calm and quiet than the surface of the English Affairs had not the future effects of its silent contrivances made it appear that though action fail'd 't was busie enough in Council Therefore Envoys and Embassadors were frequently employed a most certain Prognostick of active designes About the beginning of the Year the Earl of Carlisle was sent Embassador Extraordinary to Sweden While he repos'd himself in Copenhagen in which Court he was well known he receiv'd a Letter sent after him by the King of England in return of a very obliging Letter from the King of Denmark with the receipt whereof the King of Denmark was so well satisfied and pleased that at the seasonable instance of his Lordship he was pleas'd to cause his Orders to be dispers'd to all his Ports particularly to his Custom-places and Havens in Norway for restoring the Engish Trading to any part of his Kingdom or Dominions and the same priviledges which they formerly enjoy'd according to the Treaty concluded in the Year 1660. Being arriv'd in Sweden among other Transactions he had a private Audience in which he presented the King of Sweden with the little George worn by the Knights of the Order of the Garter which the King received with great expressions of joy being after that solemnly and publickly by a particular Commission presented and invested by the said Earl with all the peculiar Habits and Ornaments belonging to the said Order Other Embassadors were sent to other parts as Mr. Montague Extraordinary for France Sir Peter Wyche for Muscovy In Iuly the Earl of Winchelsey return'd from his Embassie at Constantinople Nor can History be so ungrateful to Learning as to bury in silence the Honour due to its most bountiful advancers It was therefore this Year that the University of Oxford being assembled in a full Body went to take possession of the New Theatre the magnificent gift of Dr. Sheldon Arch-Bishop of Canterbury where after the reading his Grace's Grant by the Register of the University Dr. South the University-Orator made a Speech sutable to the occasion After which several Panegyricks were pronounc'd in Prose and Verse concluding the Ceremony with several sorts 〈◊〉 Musick both Vocal and Instrumental But in the King's Ears the discords of Schism were more unpleasing for now from several parts of the Kingdom came several Informations that they who separated themselves from the established Worship met in greater numbers than formerly to such a degree as to endanger the publick Peace and greatly to the contempt of the Kings Indulgence to Tender Consciences which forc'd the King to issue out his Proclamation for the suppressing of such Meetings by putting the Laws in execution and proceeding particularly against the Preachers Learning always deserves an honourable Mecaenas and therefore the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury having upon satisfactory reasons refus'd the Vice-Chancellorship of Oxford Dr. Fell with the greatest part of the Body of the Convocation meeting at Worcester-house Install'd the Duke of Ormond Chancellor of that University The King was now diverting himself together with the Duke of York in the New Forest in Hampshire when they both receiv'd an express of the Death of their Mother the Queen Dowager of England who died upon the last of August at Colâ—mbe after a long Indisposition and decay of Health which made them both repair with all speed to Hampton-court Her body was for some time expos'd with usual Ceremonies in the Gallery of St. Columbes after which her Heart was in a Silver-Vessel inscrib'd with her Name and Title carried to the Monastery of Chaliot Her Body was carried to St. DeniÌ„s and plac'd in a Chappel behinde the Quire In November following she was buried after the Form and Magnificence which was formerly used at the Funeral of the Queen-Mother This Moneth brought us news that the Enemy was more than ordinarily busie about Tangier appearing often and in great numbers both of Horse and Foot They laid two considerable Ambushes to have surâ—riz'd the Garrison but one was discovered by the Sentinels the other by the barking of Dogs purposely kept there by the People and Souldiers by which means they were beaten off with considerable loss This not taking effect they appeared next day on the other side of the Town and gave the occasion of a smart dispute for an hour but were thence also forc'd to retire much to their disadvantage This made them quiet for some time when on a suddain they again shew'd themselves behinde a Hill neer a Fort call'd Iames's Fort here as the Onset was powerful so they met with equal resistance and a courage so much superiour as quickly forc'd 'um to leave the Enterprize and many of their men behinde with the loss only of one Corporal which this Year ended all the trouble of that Garrison The Duke of Ormond had been some time since call'd out of Ireland who thereupon left his Son the Lord Ossory to command in his
room But now to take the charge from-both the Lord Roberts arrives at Dublin Upon the news of this change the Lord Mayor and Aldermen the Provost of the Colledge the Dean of Christ-Church and most of the Clergy attended the Lord Ossory where the one acknowledged the many benefits which the City had received from the Government of his Father and himself the other the many benefits which the Church had enjoy'd as well by their good Examples as by the plentiful provision made them by the Clergy The reception of the new Lord-Deputy was intended to have been made with much State and Solemnity but he waving those publick Honours met the Lord-Deputy and the Council at the Council-Chamber the same Evening after his arrival where after he had taken the usual Oath the Lord-Deputy deliver'd him the Sword He was no fooner enter'd upon his Government but he issu'd out a Proclamation commanding all Governors and Officers to repair to their several Charges and Duties not admitting any dispâ—nsation to the contrary London had long layn in Ashes and the Confluence of all the World had been as long confin'd within the narrow limits of a Colledge-Court but now again the Merchants to their great satisfaction and the lasting Merits of Sir William Turner then Lord Mayor whose indâ—â—aâ—igable paâ—â— and zeal was Eminent in advancing and forwarding so great a Work met in the Royal Exchange a Fabrick equal to the Honour of the Undertakers and holding a true proportion with the rest of the Goodly Buildings of the Reviving City But now men began to listen after things a higher Nature seeing both Houses of Parliament again Assembled upon the 19th of October The King in a Speech acquainted them With his joy to see them at that time and the hopes he had of a happy meeting which he promis'd himself from the great experience he had of their Affection and Loyalty of which he did not doubt the Continuance briefly minding them of his Debts which though pressing he was unwilling to call for their Assistance till this time acquainâ—ing them also that what they last gave was wholly apply'd to the Navy and to the Extraordinary Fleet for which it was intended desiring they would now take his Debts effectually into their Consideration Afterwards hinting to them a Proposal of great Importance concerning the Vniting of England and Scotland which because it requir'd some length he left that and some other things to the Lord Keeper to open more fully which was by him done and then both Houses Adjourn'd At the beginning of November both Houses in pursuance of a Vote which they had made attended the King in the Banqueting House where the Lord Chief Justice Vaughan supplying the Room of the Lord Keeper in the name of both Houses return'd their Humble Thanks to the King for his Care of the Publick in Issuing out his Proclamation for the suppressing of Conventicles Humbly desiring his Majesty to continue the same care for the future In Reply to which his Majesty return'd an Answer to the satisfaction of both Houses But now Christmas drawing near and having sate above a Month without effecting any thing of consequence the Lords sent the Usher of the Black-Rod to the House of Commons to tell them That by Vertue of the King's Commission they desird their Attendance who Attending accordingly with their Speaker the Commission was read and the Parliament Prorogu'd till the 24th of February next ensuing At the same time that the Parliament of England sate at Westminster the Parliament of Scotland sate at Edenburgh where the Earl of Lauderdale having taken the Chair of State as Lord Commissioner of Scotland the Earls Commission was first read and then the doubtful Elections of Members refer'd to Examination That done the Kings Letter to the Parliament was twice read seconded by a shorter from the Lord Chancellor perswading them to a concurrence with the King in his Design of Uniting the Two Kingdoms Then they proceeded to Elect the Lords of the Articles the Bishops choosing Eight Bishops and those Eight Eight of the Nobility and these Sixteen making choice of Eight Knights and as many Burgesses by whom all Affairs were to be prepar'd for the House During this Session they Publish'd an Act for the Naturalization of Strangers within the Kingdom of Scotland Declaring that all Strangers of the Protestant Religion that should think fit to bring their Estates into the said Kingdom or should come to set up new Works and Manufactures therein should be Naturaliz'd as Native-Born Subjects of that Kingdom to all intents and purposes The King farther Declaring That upon application by such Strangers made to him he would grant them the free and publick use of their Religion in their own Language and the Libertie of having Churches of their own However no persons were to have the benefit of the said Act till first by Petition to the Lords of the Privy-Council containing an exact designation of their Names and places of Birth and former residences and that tâ—ey be of the Protâ—stant Religion They also made another Act asserting his Majesty's Supremacy over all persons and in all Causes Ecclesiastical By Sea little was this Year done only Sir Thomas Allen being again sent with a Squadron of Ships about the beginning of August came before Argier and sending in his Boat began to Treat they in Argier seem'd willing to make restitution of such Money as they had taken from an English ship bound for the East-Indies but not agreeing to some other demands the Treaty prov'd ineffectual thereupon he began actual Hostility seizing a Bark laden with Corn which rode in the Bay with eleven Moors and a Brigantine which he took in view of the Town From hence having done little or nothing else considerable he set sail for Tripoly the Bashaw of which place sent him an assurance of his readyness to prâ—serve Peace and a good Correspondence with the King of Great Britain And after a short crusing up and down in those Seas he return'd for Cadiz where this Year leaves him But being now so neer the English Territories at Tangier the King of England's Embassador Mr. Henry Howard must not be forgot who being sent by the King his Embassador Extraordinary to the Emperour of Morocco at that time Taffalette by vertue of his new Conquests was now arriv'd at Tangier but understanding the danger of hazarding his person among those Barbarians stay'd at that place expecting a sufficient strength to convoy and conduct him to his place of Audience In November he receiv'd his Safe-Conduct with an assurance from the Emperour that he should not fail of receiving all satisfaction in order to whatsoever he should desire for his security and that he had already caus'd Justice to be done to such as were found guilty of giving any affronts to his people And true it was that he caus'd all the English which were taken by the
Corn. After this followed the surrender of Treves to the Imperialists upon Articles of which one was That Crequy who had escaped thither from his Rout should be a Prisoner of War In September the Duke of Lorrain departed this life at Hermansteine neer Coblentz Farther off the King of Poland removed a very great Storm that threatned his Dominions by a very great overthrow of the Tartars wherein a great number of them were slain with the loss of their chief Standard which struck such a terrour into the Turks that with their Captain Ishmael Bassa they made a shameful Retreat out of the Polish Territories But the Low Countries had a worse Enemy to deal with for the Sea breaking into North-Holland the Inundation continued with that violence that many of the Cities of North-Holland had a great share of that Calamity The Harlemeer-Dyke was broken and all the Country round about lay under Water so that many of the Boors Houses were drown'd being covered with the Sea The same Fate befel South-Holland and it is said that had the Inundation continu'd 24 hours longer the whole Country would have run a hazard of being lost And thus you have an account in brief of all the most memorable Transactions since the greatest act of Providence that has been observed for many Ages The happy Restauration of his Majesty And we may aver that here is nothing but Truth if all the publick Intelligence of so many years have not fail'd This is then a Story in dead Colours it behoves them that will lay it in the lively Painting to take more pains than may be thought has here been taken and have greater helps than it was possible for us to have to make use of And therefore if there be any that with the Knowledge of a Privy-Councellor and the Eloquence of a Salust will undertake to cull out the most important Actions which are here reduc'd into order ready to his hand for some of these he must take or be silent and compile them into a judicious History we are ready to vail Bonnet in the mean time these few Sheets may pass for Common Satisfaction FINIS AN ALPHABETICAL TABLE A ABingdon-Garrison Page 70 Aberdeen and St. Andrews yielded 302 Abjuration of the King by the Rump 436 Account of the Dutch War from 315 c. to 323. Their Intrigues with forrein Princes and at home 323. of the Revenue and Charge of the Kingdom under the Vsurpation of Oliver 415 Act against proclaiming of the King 225. For Assessment 235. For sale of Cavaliers Estates ibid. Executed 303. For Marriages 351. For Irish Adventurers and Allotments 352. Several confirmed 500. Against Bishops repealed 501. Pretended of annulling the Title of the King 383 Accidents 315 Addresses how begun 67. To Cromwel upon the dissolution of the Parliament 343. To Richard 410. To the Rump from forrain Princes 423. To the Rump by the Army 422. to the King from the Nobility and Gentry of the whole Kingdom 452 Adjutators 127 forbid Adventurers for Ireland 352 Aix la Chappelle Treaty there 570 Alarm in London 403 Albans Earl 455 made Lord-Chamberlain 580 Allen Sir Thomas Lord Mayor of London 428 Allen Captain sent for the Streights 528. Allen Sir Thomas makes peace with Algiers 569. Lies before Algier 575. Algier Men of War destroyed by the English 578. Returns ibid. Albemarle's stay in London 539. General at Sea 550. One of the Commissioners of the Treasury 563. Dies 575. His Dutchess dies ibid Anabaptism the uppermost Religion 431 Andrews proclaims the Abolishing of Kingly Government and made Lord Mayor 231 Andrews Colonel beheaded 270 Anniversary Act of the King's Nativity 456 Anthony Sir Ashley-Cooper 427 Approbation of Ministers 359 Arches Triumphal 475 to 479 Ards Lord 240 Arguments for Cromwel's accepting the Kingship 386 to 390 Argyle a Privy Councellor sides with the Assembly 8. Policy and shifts 304. Marquiss seized 470. Beheaded 497 Arlington Earl sent into Holland 586. made Lord Chamberlain 599. Sent into France ibid. Armagh Arch-bishop dies 380 Armstrong Sir Thomas joyns with the Marquiss of Ormond 240 Army English very gallant and resolute 10. Parliament Army raised 36. New moduled 67. Quarrel with the Parliament about Irish Transportation and publickly declare their power over them 132. Purging the House ib. Pretend civilities to the King 132 to 136. Designe upon the City and claim the Militia 136. Declaration and insolence 140. Triumphantly through London 141. Delude the King Their Proposals 145 to 147. Suppress a Rising in London 170. Quarter in London Whitehal and the Mews 192. And force the Parliament ibid. Shipt for Ireland at Milford-Haven 237. English advance into Scotland 268. Face the Scots 272. Remonstrance to Richard 416. Their address to the Rump 422. Their representation to the Rump 428. New moulded by Lambert 429. Declaration upon outing the Rump ibid. Their Address joyfully receiving the King's Declaration 466. Disbanded 456 Array Commission 27 Articles of Scotch Cessation 15 Arundel Earl made General of the English 9 Arundel Castle taken by Sir William Waller 56 Ascham slain in Spain 236 Ashley Sir Bernard at Naseby 79. Mortally Wounded at Bristol 84 Ashley Sir Jacob defeated at Stow in the Wold 96. Deserts Newcastle 13 Ashby de la Zouch 97 Ashburnham Mr. John 99 Ashbâ—â—nham Mr. William 148 Aske Iudge 254 Assembly General indicted and meet by their own Authority packt and made up oâ— Lay-Elders refuse the Bishops to sit buâ— cite them to answer as Guilty dissolved within 7 days but continue nevertheless 8. Assembly of Divines 69. General in Scotland 325 Ashton Colonel Edward Quartered 404 Aston Sir Arthur Governour slain at Drogheda 244 Aubigny Lord 41. His Lady 47 Aurange Prince the Kings great Friend 235 dies and a new Prince born 276. Christned 282. Old Prince buried 284. His Interest in Holland 323 Avignon Sedition there 533. Peace composed 570 Axtel Guards the High Court of Iustice 205 Ayscue Sir George at Barbadoes 306. Returns to Plymouth 322. At Dover ibid. In danger Engageth De Ruyter at Plymouth and discharged 323. Prisoner 551 B Badajox Marquiss killed 383 Balmerino Lord his Treason 4 Baggot Kath. Ballishanon 241 242 251 Banbury 108 Barnstable 99 106 Barbadoes reduced 306. Wonder 526. Attempted by De Ruyter 537. Lord Willoughby wounded there 537. Sails from thence with a Fleet 557. Lost in a Hurricane ibid. The Bridge-town burnt there 568. Barbadoes Conspiracy 602. A Hurricane there 602 Barâ—bone denominates a Parliament 350. His Petition 437 Barons created 482 Baronets Catalogue 493 to 496 Bastwick Burton Pryn return from Banishment in great state 16 Bastwick Dr. of Physick Burton a Minister against Bishops c. 2 Basing-house Besieged by Waller in vain 62 Taken 91 BATTLES Edge-hill 40. Newberry first 50.51 Newberry second 65.66 Marston-moor 59. Tepper-moor Alderne Kilsith Philipshaugh in Scotland 73. Naseby 78 to 80. Lamport 82. Routon-heath 89. Colonel Jones defeated near Dublin 164. Defeats Lord Preston with a huge slaughter soon after at
of the Parliament Forces departs London 38. Attends the King's motion 39. Fights at Edge-hill retreats to Coventry 40 41. Relieves Gloucester 49. At Newberry 50. At Theal Redding London 52. Marches reduce the West 58. Pounded at Lestithiel and escapes with Lord Roberts by Boat to Plymouth 58. Resignes his Commission 72. Dies 124 Earl of Essex Lord-Deputy 587 Essex County joyns with Lord Goring Sir Charles Lucas and Sir George Lisle 174 Estate of the Kingdom in a sad condition after the death of the King 124 125 Everts taken 536. dismist ibid. Exchange Royal finished 574 Exchequer shut 582 Execution of the Kings Iudges 466 Exeter yielded and Articles 98 99. Engagement forced by the Independant-party for the Parliament to live and die with the Army City refuse the Parliaments Orders and Acts 231. Tumults about a free Parliament Excise 157 Exclusion of secluded Members 229. F Fairfax General in Commission 74. Marcheth 75. Is cajoled to manage the seizure of the King Made Generallissimo and Constable of the Tower 141. Marcheth against the Levellers 234. Complemented and graduated at Oxford with Cromwel and Lambert ibid. Magnificently treated and presented by the City ibid. Lays down his Commission 268. Arms against Lambert 434 Faulkland Lord-Viscount slain 51 Fanshaw Sir Richard Embassador in Spain 525 Fatality among the Clergy 504 Farrel Lieutenant-General of Ulster-Army 245. Put into Waterford to defend it 247 Farewel to the Scotch-War Fast general 540 Faulkner perjured 291 Faulconbridge Lord Arms against Lambert sent to Venice 575 Fee-farm Rents 455 Feak Parson 540 Fiennes Lord Commissioner Fifth-Monarchists plot against Cromwel 366 FIGHTS at Newborn with the Scots 13 Worcester in the Lanes 40. Brainford 41. Yarum 42. Wakefield 43. At Liscard ibid. Caversham-bridge ibid. Hopton-heath 44. Bramham-moor ibid. Chalgrave-field 45. Stratton ibid. Middleton-Cheney Lansdown 46. Round-way-down ibid. Adderton-heath and Bradford 47. Stow in the Wold 49. Auburn-chace 50. Newark at the relief of it by Prince Rupert 56. Brandia or Cherington 57. Cropredy 58. Lidbury 74. Sherburn 90. Torrington 93. Saint Fagons 171. Maidstone 174. At Dublin 241. Muscleborough 264. Warrington 295. Wigan 296 Fincher Mayor vide Pye resigned Finch Sir Heneage his Reading 501. Made Lord-Keeper 594 Fire in London 554. In the Horse-Guards 556. In Fleet-street 368. Another at Aberfoyle in Scotland ibid. Another in Thred-needle-street 368. At Lambeth 373. At St. Johnstons in Scotland 381 Fleet sent under Hamilton to the Frith in Scotland 9 Fleet Spanish denied protection and ruined by the Dutch in the Downs 11 Fleet returns to the Prince Earl of Warwick imployed against them as Admiral 175 176. Fleets Dutch and English at Shetland 322 Fleet under Pen from Jamaica accidents of the return 376 Fleet declare their Royal acceptance c. 446 Fleet English 532. Beats the Hollander 538. English Hamburgh-fleet taken 538. Rendezvouz ibid. Fleet ready 250. Divided ibid. Fleets Engage ibid. Engage again 552. Out again 553 Fleets Engaged 584. Fleets Engaged 591 Fleetwood made Deputy of Ireland 366. More of him Forrain Princes how affected to our States 254 Forces from Ireland to assist the King 53. Surprized and defeated 54. Sent by Cromwel to assist the French 391. Vnder Earl Inchiqueen to Portugal 511 Fornication Act 225 Fray likely at Westminster At Tower-hill Fundamentals of the Army French prohibit English Cloath and are prohibited their Wines 255. Conclude a peace with Cromwel 377. Their Fleet taken by Blake 325. At Gigery 533. Embassadors in England 535. King supplies the Dutch 544. Declares against England ibid. Embassadors beaten and Imprisoned in Turkey 558. Lays claim to the Low-Countries breaks with Spain 579. Invades Lorrain 579. Breaks with the Dutch 583 Free Parliament noised 434 Frigats of Brest rove at sea 356 Furstenburgh Count seized 598 G Gates and Portcullices of London pulled down 437 Gayland 522 523. Makes peace 532. Transports himself for Tangier 571 Gell Sir John Sentenced 270 A General required by Officers of the Army 439 Gentry secured over England 373 Gerrard Col. John and Sir Gilbert 538. Col. John beheaded 361 Gibbons Sentenced 290 Glencarn Earl submits to the English 362. Prisoner in Edenburgh 380. Chair-man to the Scotch Convention 432 Gloucester Duke born 13. With the King at Colen from the Iesuits at Paris 365. Dies 456 Gloucester Siege and Summons and Relief by Essex 49. Walls demolished 512. Cathedral begged 381 Godolphin Sir Will. Knighted and sent into Spain 568 Goff Col. friend to Richard Cromwel 417 Goring Col. into France 39 Goring Lord Condemned but saved 228 Goodman Bishop refuseth to subscribe Canons against the Church of Rome 12 Good Old Cause 417 Grace Colonel 324 Graigs Town 245 Grantham Col. killed 380 Grantham Town 44 Granger a Forger 256 Greenvile Sir John 445. Rewarded by the Parliament and City 446 Greenvile Sir Bevil 46 Great Cities and Towns in Ireland refuse to admit Garrisons which proved their ruine 244. Accept of them at last upon condition the English be dismist Cavaliers and others 251 Grey Lord Grooby 291 Groves Col. vide Penruddock Guiny Relation 535 Guernsey-castle stormed 284. A designe uppon it discovered 554 Gunning Dr. in Divinity his Congregation seized and plundred for celebrating Christmass 398 Gurney Lord Mayor in the Tower 34 Guthury and Giffan Hanged 497 H Haberdashers-Hall 129 Hackney-coaches regulated 368 Haddington Earl blown up by Gunpowder in Scotland 14 15 Hamilton Marquiss the Kings Commissioner into Scotland at London 7. Prisoner to Pendennis-castle 52. Defeated and taken Prisoner 178 Hamilton Duke tryed and sentenced 228. Beheaded 229 Hamond Col. secures the Kings person 151. His baseness 163. Shot in Ireland ibid. Hannam the Infamous Thief breaks Prison and escapes 376. Hanged 381 Harman Capt. his Exploit 595. Beats the Dutch 564 Harrisons impudence in bringing the King to London 193. A main man for the little Parliament outed and dissatisfied 353. Apprehended 453 Harris a great Cheat 368 Harvey Sir Daniel sent to Constantinople 568 Hazelrig Sir Arthur seizes Portsmouth 433. returns to Westminster and is thanked by the Rump 435. Dies 474 Healing Parliament 470 Henrietta Princess 469 Henchman Dr. Bishop of London 524 Hertford Marquiss 38 Heresies and Schismes 368 Hewit Dr. seized 404. Tried and Beheaded ibid. Hewson Col. made Master of Arts in Oxford 234 Marcheth into London 433 Hide Sir Henry beheaded 285 Highland-War in Scotland its account 361 362. Hinde the High-way man 303 Hispaniola expedition from 369 to 372 Holland Earl Lieutenant-General of Horse against the Scots 9. Rising at Kingston and defeated 177. Tryed and Sentenced 228. Executed in Palace-yard Westminster 229 Hollis Lord Embassador into France 522. Returns for England 550 Holmes Major Committed 532. Discharged ibid. Enters the Vly 553. Attacques the Dutch Fleet 582. Holstein Duke 255 Honours and Dignities denied to some Male-Contents another cause of the Scotch troubles 4. Honours given by the King vacated 292 Hopton Lord 42. Disbanded honourably after many services and Victories at Truro in Cornwal 96 97 Horse-races and
by which his Subjects are frighted from coming or sending to him That all men of necessary Professions be admitted to come to him Note That His Majesty had suffered his Beard to overgrow in that solitary restraint of near seven Months so that Compassion wooed where Majesty once awed That the Scots may be invited to send their Propositions The King declaring a tendâ—r affection for both his Kingdoms The King appoints Newport for the place of Treaty But urgeth the reconveniencies of Treating so far from London His Majesty 〈◊〉 the Delegates to expedite the Treaty by dispatching their Commissioners The Parliament appoint Commissioners five Lords ten Commoners And desire his Majesties Royal Word for his continuance in the Island till 20 days after the Treaty Their Votes of Non-address repealed His Majesty sends the Parliament a List of such Persons he desired might attend him The Treaty began Sept. 18. The Parliament dissatisfied with the Kings Propositions They send thanks to their Commissioners His Majesties Propositions He is willing to confess himself Author of the War rather than the Peace shall be frustrated That the Assembly of Divines shall sit at Westminster 3 years That the Directory shall be confirmed for 3 years c. That Legal Estates for Lives or Years shall be made of Bishops-lands Provided the Propriety remain in the Church That there be a Reformation and concerning Papists * Thrust in by some rigid Presbyterians and maintained there by the Independants because they knew the King would never Assent to it and so no Conclusion That the two Houses shall dispose of the Militia for 10 years or during his Reign That the affairs of Ireland be determined by the Parliam That Taxes he levied for the payment of the Army and publike Debts That all the Chief Officers of State shall be nominated by the Parl. for 10 years That the Militia of the City of London Liberties for ten years may be in the Lord Mayor Aldermen Common-Council and Sheriffs thereof With the Tower and Chief Officers thereof His Majesty proposeth his liberty to repair to Westminster and to be restored to his Revenues Proffereth an Act of Oblivion to all persons The Parliament imperious Most of their Commissioners dutiful in their behaviour towards the King The Army's Remonstrance at St. Albans The villanous heads thereof That the King be brought to Iustice. That the Prince of Wales and Duke of York render themselves by a certain day or be proclaimed Traytors That the Revenue of the Crown be sequestred That Capital punishments be inflicted on some Chief Instruments in the Wars That all Delinqâ—ents come in by a certain day or their Estates be confiscated and they to die without mercy That Fines Compositions and Confiscations be disposed for the payment of the Souldiery That the Parliament set some period to their own Power That the future Government of of the Kingdom may be setled That no King be hereafter admitted but upon Election And he to accord to these Propositions as they shall be established by the Agreement of the people Something near the same stuff except what toucht the King was Signed by nine Regiments of Horse and seven of Foot and afterward promoted in London by Lieutenant-Colonel Lilburne and Mr. Prince by Petition to the Parliament who condemned both Novemb. 1647. and yet the same Moneth next year it revived The Levellers set on by Cromwel to prosecute this designe The Kings Queries to the Remonstrance A strict Guard put upon the King His Majesties Pathetick Expressions to the Parliaments Commissioners at parting His Majesties Declaration concerning the Treaty and his dislike of the Armies proceedings The Presbyterians satisfied with this Declaration and troubled at the proceedings of the Army His Majesties Letter to the Prince his Son our present Sovereign His excellent Advice to him The Army conspire to force the House The Parliament Vote the Kings Answer satisfactory Dec. 5. The Army require that the Iâ—pâ—aâ—hed Members and Major-General Brown be secured and brought to Iustice The House guarded Col. Pride Col. Hewson and Sir Hardress Waller seize on several Members Dec. 6. Hugh Peters an Agent for the Army in this Designe The Parliament impriâ—oâ—â—d Ireton 's insolent expression Major-General Brown sent prisoner to Windsor Note that Skippon thrust in that clause The Iuncto take upon them to act as a Parliament Rainsborough slain at Doncaster Oct. 29. Scarborough Castle yielded to the Parl. The Army seize the King and carry him from the Isle of Wight to Hurst Castle Dec. 1. From thence to Winchester To Farnham To Windsor The King brought to St. James 's Jan 19. Harrison 's insolent behaviour to the King The Ordinance for Trial of the King brought into the Iuncto by Tho. Scot. They Vote it Treason for the King of England to levy War against his Parliament The Vote and Ordinance carried to the Lords by the Lord Gray of Grooby The Lords cast out the Ordinance and adjourned for 7 days The Commons netled they resolve to rid their hands of King Lords and dissenting Commons An Act of the House of Commons for the Tryal of King Charles the First Jan. 9. Serjeant Dendy makes Proclamation that the Commissioners of the High Court of Iustice were to sit the next day and all persons invited to give in Evidence against Charles Stuart Proclaimed in three places Westminster Cheap-side and the Old Exchange The Names and Câ—aracters of the King's Iudges Cromwel a Native of Huntingdon-shire Ireton his Soâ—-in-law Bradshaw a Cheshire-man died obstinately 1659. He took the Oath of Allegeance but two Terms before the King's death He is rewarded with the Lord Cottington 's Estate and the Dutchy of Lancaster Harrison a Butchers Son at Newcastle in Stafford-shire was executed at Charing-Cross Octob. 1660. John Carew John Cook Sollicitor of the High Court Hugh Peters the shame of the Clergy Thomas Scot a Brewers Clerk his rash wish Gregory Clement a Merchant Adrian Scroop Brother to Sir Adrian John Jones a Serving-man marries Cromwels sister Francis Hacker a Souldier of Fortune Daniel Axtel a Country-Mercer Capt. of the Guard at the Kings Trial. Okey a Chandler near Billingsgate London a daring Commander Miles Corbet of a good Family in Norfolk Burgess for Yarmouth John Berkstead a Goldsmith Lieutenant of the Tower Thom. Pride â— Brewer 〈…〉 Isaac Ewer of 〈…〉 in Yorkshire The Lord Gray of Grooby Son to the Earl of Stamford Sir John Danvers Brother to the Loyal Earl of Danby Sir Tho. Maleverer of a good Family in Yorkshire Sir John Bourchier a diligent Independent Mercenary Col. Purefoy Governour of Coventry John Blakestone a Shop-keeper in Newcastle Sir William Constable of Yorkshire Governour of Gloucester Rich. Dean General at Sea slain by a Cannon shot Fr. Allen a Goldsmith one of the Committees for the saâ—e of Kings Lands Peregrine Pelham Governour of Hull John Moor. John Allured Humph. Edwards a Member of the Long-Parl Sir Gregory Norton John Ven a Silkman Governour of
gives the Signal He is Executed The Corps committed to the care of his servants Carriâ—d to Windsor Some Lords get an order for the burial of the King They desire it might be in St. Gorge 's Chappel by Common-prayer are denyed They expostulate but prevail not Seeking a place for Burial they finde Hen. 8 's Vault The Funeral England had not been without Regal Government from the begininng It had change of Governours not change of Government The Royal race had continued 562 years in ouâ— Regality Now clouds aâ—â— darknâ—â—â— blackâ—ess and 〈…〉 Horrour and Amazemâ—nt 〈…〉 dissolution His Majesty might have lived very long The Prince abâ—â—â—t but in safety In the night of confusion Bats and Scritch-owles rule They make an Act forbidding the Proclamation of a King c. Jan. 30. A Proclamation thrown about streets The Procclamation They Vote the Exclusion of the Members the Army had secluded The House of Lords Voted useless Feb. 5. The protestation of the Nobility against it The Kingly Power Voted Useless Feb. 7. A Council of Sate in Force Iudges Commissioned They declare to preserve and maintain the Laws A new stamp for Coyn Voted Agents and Envoys designed to Forrain Princes The monthly Fast Nulled Several escapes of the Cavalier party viz. Col. Massey Sir Lewis Dives Mr Holden and Lord Capel the last of them betrayed by Davis a Water-man and retaken Lord Loughborough escapes from Windsor-Castle with several others The King at the Hague Feb. c. The Prince of Aâ—range a friend to the Royal Family Mr. Beaumont Executed at Pomfret Feb. 7. A new High Court of Iustice erected Duke Hamilton Earl of Holland Lorâ— Capel Trâ—ed by the High Court of Iustiâ—â— The Lord Capel ' s legal Defences The Lord Goring and Sir John Owen reprieved Dâ—ke Hamilton E. of Holland and Lord Capel beheaded Mar. 9. Other capital Delinquents in nomination As Sir John Stowell Iudge Jenkins and Cap. Brown Bushell Marq. of Winchester Bâ— Wren Ma. Gen Brown and Sir John Cloâ—worthy hardly escaping Several qualifications of Delinquents to life and Eâ—tate Tâ—e chief of whom were the Kings Majesty the D. of York E. of Britol D. of Buckingham Lord Digby Lord Cottington Marq of New-castle Marq of Worcester Sir Ed. Hide Lâ—rd Culpepeâ— and Lord Wâ—ddrington Secluded Members totally Excluded The Parliaments proceâ—dings in reference to the City Alderman Reynoldson the Lord Mayor outed and fined and Alderman Andrews one of the Kings Iudges placed in his stead He proclaims the Act for abolishing Kingly Government Sir Thomas Soams and Alderman Culham degraded Col. Poyer Executed April 25. Col. Laughorn and Col. Powel condemned Pomfret-Castle delivered Mar. 24 to Maj. Gen. Lambert John Lilburn and some of his party secured An account of the state of Scotland Charles the second proclaimed King at Edingburgh The English 〈◊〉 State tampers with the Scotch Parliament Sir Jos. Douglas is sent from the Scots to the King at the Hague Innerness seized for the King Lord 〈…〉 Lockier the Leveller shot to death in Saint Paul 's Church-yard Eleven Regiments designed by Cromwel for the Irish service Thompson a corneâ— with 2 Troâ—ps enters Northampton and declares his and the Armies resolution against that Expedition Several Regiments confederate in the same designe Cromwel by treachery surprizeth them Levellers defeated at Burford in May. Thompson and two more Executed Their Chieftain slain in Wellingborough wood Fairfax complemented at Oxford and treated at Dinner in the City of London They present Fairfax and Cromwel with Gold and Plate England made a Free-State Iune A new Mace made 4000 l. a year out of the D. of Buckinghams Estate given to Fairfax Lord Cottington's Estate to Bradshaw Several Acts to raise money Several Castles demolished A short account of the King at the Hague Salmasius 〈◊〉 in the Kings defenâ—e Is 〈◊〉 by Miltoâ— the likâ—wise answerâ— His Majâ—â—ties Meditations which Answer was since burned by the common Hang-maâ— The condition his Majâ—sty was in at the Hague Dr. Dorislaus their Envâ—r to the Estates General killed at the Hague May. Ascham their Envoy to Spain killed by one Sparks â—ho was therefore Executed King Charles the second departs for France Iune The King magnificently treated by the Arch-Duke The Dutchess of Savoy assignes him 50000 crowns per Ann. Duke of Gloucester and the Princess Eliz. at Penshurst with the Countess of Leicester The affairs of Ireland summed up together Note they taxed the King with what themselves were guilty Lieut. Gen. Cromwel Voted Lord-Governour of Ireland The Parl. Army hiâ—â— from Milford-Haven to Wales Cromwel lands at Dublin The State of the Kingdom â—f Ireâ—and The English Roman Catholikes declare for the King and desire the Marq. of Ormond may be their General An Association with O Neal by Sir Charles Coot and Col. Monke then in Arms for the Parliament The Câ—nfederates aâ—d the Lord Inchiqueens Forces do not brook one another thâ—y with the Marq. of Clanrickard and the E. of Castlehaven designe to reduce Dublin Lord Inchiqueen Lieâ— Gen. for the King O Neal joyns with the Independent party Col. Monke agrees with him O Neal Relieves London-Derry The ill consequence thereof to the Kings affairs The Marquess of Ormond comes before Dublin Aug. Sir Thomas Armstrong Col. Trevors and the Lord Moor declare for the King O Neal defeated Drogheda taken Dundalke surrendred to the King His Majâ—sties Presence most necessary and most desired in Ireland The Siege of Dublin by the Kings Forces Aug. Dublin Relieved by a sally the Forces of the Gairison made Aug. 22. The Marq of Ormond 〈…〉 Dâ—blin Aug. â— Sir William Vaughan 〈…〉 Wogan 〈◊〉 pâ—isoners Marq. oâ— Ormond â—akes Bâ—llâ—sannon for the Kiâ—g A â—ust deploration of this calamity O Neal relieveâ— Coot The Plaguâ— in the Loyal Provinces of Ireland The Marq. of Ormond not able to punish the cowardise and treachery of the Parties The Marq. of Ormond recruits his Forces Drogheda Garrisoned with the flower of the Army Sir Arthur Aston made Governour of Drogheda Col. Daniel O Neal Governour of Trim dispatched to treat with Owen O Neal. Sir Richard Barnwell and 〈◊〉 Nicholas Plunkett sent to assist him and conclude an Agreement Drogheda besieged by Cromwel The Masâ—â—â—â— at Drogheda Sir Arthur Aston c. kiliâ— Sep. 16. 3000 Souldiers put to Sword The Marquess of Ormond endeavours to strengthen other places Sir Edmund Butler Governour of Wexford for the K. It is besieged by Cromwel surprised and stormed 2000 put to the Sword Several Troops of the Lord Inchiqueens Revolt Luke 〈…〉 Rosâ—e 〈…〉 Rosâ—e surrâ—â—dred Litu Geâ— Farrâ—ll 〈…〉 of Oâ—mond Lord Inchiqueen 's Officers are treachâ—rour They are discovered and taken and no conditions Released Cromwel baâ—â—â—ed by Colonel Wogan at Duncannon Corke Youhall and all the English Towns of Munster revolt Lord Inchiqueen suspected accused by the Marq. of Antrim Carrick taken by Lieu. Gen. Jones The Marq. of Ormond deâ—â—â—â— to sight Cromwel Lieu. General Farrel made Governour of Waterford Cromwel
attempting Waterford in vain departs Col. Jones dyes of the Flux The Kings Forces Assault Carrick but depart with loss Both Armies retire to their Winter-quarters Gen. Owen O Neal dyes the Ulster Forces sent into their own Province Luke Taafe sent into Connaght Lord Inchiqueen goes to Clare Lord Dillon into Meath Maj General Hugh O Neal made Governâ—ur of Clonmel for the King Kilkenny garrisoned for the King Crosby betrayeth Kingsale he is Reprieved and pardoned The Marq. of Ormond offers to morgage his Estate for the sâ—pport of the Aâ—my He is at Kilkenny The Irish Souldiers some frighted with the Plague others in necessity revolt to Cromwel The Marq. of Clanrickard Character He supplies Sir George Monro with money Marq. of Ormond at Kilkenny endeavouring with the Lord Clanrickard to proviâ—â— an Army against next spring Sir Charles Coote defeats the Iriâ—â— and takes the Earl of Claneboys Sir Geo Monro delivers Eniskillin to the Enemy Capt. Tickle Executed for designing to betray Kilkenny Marq. of Ormond at Limerick departs in diâ—â—ast to Clare Cromwels Army takes the Field The Kings Army dispersed Ballisanon sold to Cromwel Cahir Castle given him The affairs in Ireland 〈…〉 Marq. of Ormonds 〈◊〉 He withdraws leaving the Marq. Clanrickard to Govern that Kingdom Kilkenny taken Cromwel at Cashel The Lord Clanrickard refuseth to take upon him the Government The Marq. of Ormond courted to continue it to which on certain coâ—ditions he agrees The English under Ormond disbanded and take Conditions Emer Mac Mahon Bp. of Cloghor made General of the Ulster Army Cromwel repulsed and worsted at Clonmel by Maj. General Hugh O Neal Governour thereof Clonmel surrendred to Cromwel David Roch defeated by the L. Broghall The Bp of Rosse and two other Priests hanged Cromwel goes for England Ireton chief Commander in his place An account of the Irish affairs Col. Wogan defeated and taken prisoner Prince Rupert departs Kingsale with his Fleet leaving three empty ships behind him Oct. 24. Col. Morris and Cornet Blackborne Executed at York Aug. Lord Chief-Iustice Heath dyes Sir Kenelm Digby and Mr. Walter Mountague ordered to depart the Kingdom Forrain Princes how affected The Marq. of Montross his Declaration The French 〈◊〉 the importation of cloth The States of Holland dâ—â—y Audiâ—â—â—â— to Strickland the Statâ—â— of Englands 〈◊〉 Thâ— Spaniard prâ—â—ibits his Subâ—â—â—s to seâ—ve our King at â—ea The Gallantry of tâ—â— Emperour Russia He lends the King of England 20000 l. Presbyterian Ministers decline tâ—â— Parliament The Levelâ—rs discontented New commotions by the Levelers John Lilburn chosen a Common-Council-man for London but disabled by the Parliament The Engagement Voted Octob. The terrible Powder-blow in Tower-street Jan. 4. Alderman Hoyle hanged himâ—elf Jan. 30. Gen. Blake commands a Fleet. Prince Rupert blockt up Lisbone Mar. Granger 's notorious Cheats Lord Liberton brings Letters from Scotland to the King at Jersey The Scots appoint Commissioners to treat at Breda The King in danger of drowning The Scots purge their Army 〈◊〉 sendâ— Coâ—â—issioners to the King They except against Malignants Marston the Leveller kills two Messengers and wounding a third escapes is afterwards taken and executed Sir John Berckley and Col. Walter Slingsby secured The Engagement pressed by the Parliament Great Robberies A new Council of State Mr. Ascham and Mr. Vane sent Agents into Spain and Portugal The Names of Ships changed A Fleet sent to Barbadoes against the Lord Willoughby of Parham Cavaliers to depart London Orders concerning Delinquents Estates A new High Court of Iustice constituted Keeble made President thereof An Act against Fornication An Account of the last actions of the Marquess of Montross He was offered to be Capt. of the Scots Guards to the King of France The Emperor at Vienna offers to make him one of his Generals Marquess of Montross Arms for the King in Scotland His ill success The Parliament at Edenburgh Alarmed Col. Straughan sent with a choice party of Horse to oppose him After him follows Lesly and Holborn The Marq Publisheth a Declaration The danger of this attempt Earl of Sunderland opposeth him Dumbath Castle surrendred to the Marquess his Forces Col. Straughan sets upon him The Marq. of Montross defeated Ap. 29. His Standard taken and the bearâ—r thereof slain taken besides on the Marquess his side Col. Hurrey Lord Frendraught Sir Francis Hay c. The Marq. of Montross taken May 3. by the Laird of Aston and conveyed to David Lesley Dumbath Castle yielded to the Covenanters The Covenanters give solemn thanks for their Victory Montross visits his Children at his Father-in-laws the Earl of Southesk His journey to Edenburgh He is mounted on a Cart-horse and delivered to the Executioner bound with Ropes in a Chair and dâ—spitefully used The people pity him but the Ministers revile him He is Imprisoned in the Tol-booth His friends not suffered to visit him The Marquess of Montross sentenced to die by a Committee of Parliament in Scotland Some Members and Ministers sent to examine him He refuseth to answer them The Chancellours Speech in Parliament against the Marquess The Marquess of Montrosses Answer in Parliament The Chancellor comands the Sentence to be read And the Marquess to be conveyed back to prison His noble behaviour there He comes to the Scaffold in rich attire The Marquess of Montross his Speech on the Scaffold Mark the horribâ—â— unchristianity of the Scotch Kirk The Marquess gives moâ—y to the Executioner who according to the Sentence hanged his Declaration and History about his Neck He is hanged on a Gibbet Cromwel for England May. Cromwels cruelty to the English Royallists Col. Wogan escapes An Embassador from Holland Bishop of Cloghor defeated June 18. by Sir Charles Coot Mortally wounded and taken with his Lieut. Gen. Hen. Oneale Marchamount Needham the Parliament-Droll Author of a scurrilous Pamphlet Cromwel returns from his Conquest in Ireland June 6. Prince Rupert blockt up in Lisbon The King ships himself for Scotland from Schevelt June His Majesty complemented by the Nobility of Scotland Fairfax layes down his Commission June 26. The Army marches into Scotland July 22. A light Skirmish and Encounter at Mussleborough July 29. Dr. Levens hanged in â— Cornhill The Kings Statues pulled down Aug. Myn Heer Joachim Resident from the States of Holland sent home Lord-Keeper Lane dieth at Jersey Col. Andrews Executed Aug. 2 on Tower-hill Sir John Gell Sentenced and Cap. Benson Executed October 7. Several surrenders in Ireland Animosities among the Scots Cromwel makes use of them The peremptory resolution of the Kirk of Scotland Cromwel causeth the Kirk-Declaration to be read to his Army Red-house stormed The Armies face one another The English retreat to Dunbar Dunbar fight Sep. 3. The Scots routed Prisoners of Note Sir James Lumsdale Lieu. Gen. of the Army Lord Libberton who died of his wounds Adjutant-General Bickerton Scout-master Campbel Sir Will. Douglas Lâ— Cranston Colonel Gurden c. Their Colours taken ordered to be hung up in Westminster-hall Cromwel 's Letter
Elections for the Free-Parliament St. John stickles in the Council of State for Propositions and Terms with the King A Convention in Ireland A Letter sent to the Rump by the King Lambert escapes from the the Tower April 11. Defeated and taken Apr. 22. Lambert proposeth the restoring of Rich. Protector Lambert dismayed and taken Apr. 22. A Free-Parliament April 22. The Restitution of the King and Kingdom The renowned General the happy instrument of the Restitution The Duke of Ormond the next The King the great Agent All the Loyal Nobility and Gentry And of some formerly engaged against it The King departs to Breda from Brussels Complemented upon his departure Dispatches the L. Mordaunt and Sir John Greenvil from Breda His Majesty's Letter and Declaration was brought Contents of the Declaration Received most hoâ—ourably by the Parliament Parliament resolves thereupon Sir John Greenvil rewarded with a 500 l. Iewel The City of London express the like The Army the same The Fleet also and Dunkirk The Rump's Arms defaced Parliament Resolves towards the King's Restitution Commissioners arrived at the Hague The King prepares to dâ—part King Charles the Second Solemnly Proclaimed The Dutch magnificent Treatment of the King Sir Samuel Moreland and Sir George Downing Duke of York aboard the Fleet. The King departs for England The Speech of the States thereupon The King departs and embarques The King Embarques for England May 23. Lands at Dover May 25. The General meets him at his arrival The King rides to Canterbury The King rides to Canterbury To Rochester at Col. Gibbons To Dartford receives the Declaration of the Army The manner of His Majesties entrance into London The Earl of Manchester's Speech to the King The joy of the City Affairs 〈◊〉 home And in Ireland The King and the Dukes to the House of Lords The King comes to the Parliament and passeth several Acts. A Proclamation for the King's Iudges to render themselves Other persons excepted out of the Act of Oblivion Hutchinson and Lassels crave Pardon Parliament lay hold on his Majesties Declaration from Breda The General dignified with the Title of D. of Albemarle Several Dignities and Offices conferred Fee-farm rents resigned Lord Jermyn Earl of St. Albans Embassador into France Prince de Ligne Count de Soissons Embassador hither Act oâ— Oblivion passed Duke of Gloucester dies Sept. 13. Princess of Orange arrives Sept. Episcopacy re-established The Kings Iudges brought to Tryal Oct. 9. Harrison Waller Heveningham with Adrian Scroop c. Harrison tried Oct. 11. Sir Heneage Finch opens the Indictment The Sentence Col. Adrian Scroop Carew tryed Scot tryed Octob. 12. Gregory Clement Colonel Iones Cook October â—3 Peters Octob. 13. Daniâ—l Axtel Colonel Hacker William Hewlet Daniel Harvey Isaac Pennington Henry Marten Gilbert Millington Alderman Tichburn Owen Roe Robert Lilburn Mr. Smith Downs Potter Garland c. Vincent Potter August Garland Simon Meyn James and Peter Temple Tho. Wayt. Sir Hardress Waller Harrison Executed Carew Executed John Cook Hugh Peters Executed Thomas Scot Gregory Clement Adrian Scroop and John Jones Executed Francis Hacker and Daniel Axtel Executed Toâ— dye impinitent as to the Fact * Cook the Solicitor Hugh Peters 's stupidity Prisoners that came in upon Proclamation respited Queen Mother arrives in England The Parliament re-assemble Argyle committed Princess of Aurange dies Decemb 24. Parliament Dissolved Princess of Aurange her Funeral Decemb. 26. Sejanus ducitur unco spectandus gaudent omnes quae labra quis illis vultus erat Cromwel Ireton and Bradshaw dig'd up and hang'd c. Venner 's Insurrection There were two Executed in Cheap-side the same day Prichard the Cow-keeper and another of them Sir Arthur Hazelrig dies Mr. Crofton committed The Kingâ—s passage through London to his Coronation The Oath of the Knights of the Bath Creation of Earls and Barons at the same time The Kings procession to the Abbey The Dukes of Norfolk and Somerset were restored by Act of Parliament 12 year Caroli Secundi * James Butler Duke of Ormond was Created Earl of Brecnock Baron Butler of Lawthy A new Parliament May 8. Portugal Match mentioned by the King to the Parliament The Queen of Bohemia returns into England The Marquess of Montross enterred in State May 11. Arguile beheaded May aâ— and Guthrey and Giffâ—n Hang'd June 1 Plots and Designes laid by the Fanaticks Sir Charles Lucas re-interred with Solemnity Jun. 7. Several Laws confirmed and made c. Mr. Pryn questioned c. Mr. Pryn questioned by the House Acts against Bishops repealed Lord Munson Sir Henry Mildmay and Wallop sentenced Parliament adjourned July 30 to Nov. 02. The King is entertained at the Inner Temple by Sir Heneage Finch The Lords Spiritual restored Regicides before the House of Lords November John James Hanged and Quartered Novemb. 27. Sir Charles Coot died December A Council of the Principality of Wales re-established at Ludlow Episcopacy established in Scotland The King reflects on the ruine of St. Pauls London Fatality among the Clergy Another Fleet for Portugal and Tangier Queen of Bohemia dies Feb. 13. A Storm Feb. 18. An unfortunate Accident happened to the Lord Buckhurst and others Lambert and Vane ordered to Tryal The General honoured c. Miles Corbet Colonel Okey and Barkstead taken in Holland sent over to the Tower Sentenced and Executed Ap. 2. Col. Okey 's body giâ—en to his Friends Acts of Parliament passed An account of the Marriage of the King c. The Queen reReimbarques April 13. The Duke of York at Sea to attend the Queens Arrival with the Duke oâ— Osmond c. Queen Arrives May 13. The King stays to give his consent to Bills Preparing The Nature of several private Bills King at Portsmouth Queen at Hampton-Court Lord Lorn pardoned by the King Tangiers condition Sir Henry Vane and Colonel Lambert Condemned Sir Henry Vane Executed June 1â— A Proclamation for Twenty miles againt Rump Officers Presbyterians endeavours for Toleration Forces sent under the Earl of Inchequeen to Assist the King of Portugal Duke of Ormond arrived in Ireland Gloucester Walls c. Demolished Dunkirk returned to the French King October Dr. John Berkerhead Knighted A Plot discovered Philips Tongue Gibs and Stubs Executed December 22. Embassadors with Presents from Russia Mr. Calamy Committed Lord Warreston in the Tower Declaration of the King and Resolutions of the Parliament Parliament begins esuits banish Campeach takâ—â— Irish Plot. Earl of â—otâ—es Commissioner in Scotland Bills passed by Commission Mr. Rycaut comes from Constantinople Jersey a new 〈◊〉 Northern Plot discovered Plotters â—ri'd Executed Turner tryed and hanged A Printer tried and executed Others Pillori'd and Fined A remarkable proviâ—ence A barbarous murther committed by a Portugueze Servant upon his Master The Lord Holles Embassador to the French King June Iudge Mallet by reason of his age dispenced with and Sir John Keeling sworn in his place Dr. Bramhal departs this life Gayland assaults Tangier Reâ—reats with 〈◊〉 Makes another Attack but is forc'd to
this excellent States-man without a very notable remarque which hath received credit from the mouthes of many honorable persons t was this At the time of the passing the Bill of Attainder in the House of Commons Sir Bevil-Greenvile and Sir Alexander Carew sitting together they both serving for the same County of Cornwall Sir â—evil bespoke Sir Alexander in such-like words Pray Sir let it not be said than any member of our County should have a hand in this â—minous business and therefore pray give your Vote against this Bill To whom the other instantly replyed If I were siere to be the next man that should suffer upon the same Scaffold with the same Ax I would give my consent to the passing of it And we have seen how exactly and in every circumstance this presagious saying of his was afterwards verified and accomplished It is observable moreover that none of all the Bishops that were advised with by the King in reference to his satisfaction concerning the Earls death escaped the fury of that Parliament and the times he only excepted as the King himself notes in his Book who counselled him by no means not for any considerations or reason of State or Time whatsoever to act against his conscience but that obeying the Dictates thereof he should refer the Issue to God which Counsel had it been followed doubtless those miseries which ensued presently after had never befallen him nor his Kingdomes the Earl being indeed one of the chief Pillars and Basis of his Authority and Government without whose ruine the Grandees of the Faction knew they could not effect or accomplish any thing such an absolute rare honest and loyal master-piece of Reason and Prudence so much strength of spirit to quicken his undertakings joyned therewith the age present saw not and well will it be for the next if it may compare and parallel him Thus far to the memory of his most useful life we must also parentate something to his lamented and most causeless death from which as we shall see in the conclusion of this History he had a most honourable Resurrection here On Sunday May 2. was solemnized at Court the marriage between the young Prince of Orange and the Princess Mary Before we attend the Earl to the Stage it will not be unworthy the Readers patience to observe Sir Dudley Carleton the Earls Secretary bringing him the news of the Kings passing the Bill of Attainder the Earl believing the King would not have done it arose from his chair and lifting up his eyes to Heaven clapt his hand upon his heart and said Put not your trust in Princes nor in the sons of men for in them there is no salvation A design was laid for his escape if we may believe Sir William Balfore Lieutenant of the Tower at that time whose report upon examination was that the Earl sent for him four days before his suffering and endeavoured to perswade him to connive at his escape promising to reward him with twenty thousand pounds and his Daughter in marriage to Balfores Son The said Balfore saying further that he was commanded to admit Captain Billingsley to march into the Tower with an hundred men for the better securing of the place but the said Billingsley coming he was denyed entrance by Balfore whereupon the Earl expostulates with the Lieutenant of the danger of opposing the Kings command Balfore answering that a design of his escape was discovered by three good-wives of Tower-street that peeping in at the key-hole of his door they saw him walking with Billingsley and heard them advising thereon and of a Ship to be in readiness for him below the River On the 8th of May 1641. the said Earl was brought to the Scaffold on Tower-Hill where were present some of the Nobility Sir George Wentworth his Brother and the Archbishop of Armagh to whom principally he directed his Speech which being so publique and transmitted by so many pens cannot certainly fail posterity and with much Christian resolution was offered there as a Sacrifice to popular fury heightned and enraged by the artifices and designs of some innovating principal Leaders to the following breaches and Rebellion To sum up all our misery in the total of this noble person the same day the King signed the Bill for his Execution he signed also another for the continuing of this Parliament till they should dissolve themselves the only lasting monument of all our troubles The Scots having thus obtained their aims against this honourable person whom they termed the enemy of their Country and having received a vast sum of money blood and the price of blood together were now pleased upon the disbanding of the English Army to march home and disband also as was before intimated having first obtained of his Majesty a grant to be present at the next sitting of their Parliament at Edinburgh which his Majesty condescended to and in August came thither having before his departure constituted the Earl of Leicester Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland in the place of the Earl of Strafford but through the Rebellion and other contingencies and reasons of State falling out he never went over in that quality though preparations were made both here and there in order to his Government On the seventeenth of May divers of the Kings chiefest Officers of State fearing they might likewise be subject to the same destructive change with the Earl of Strafford resigne their places viz. The Lord Cottington Master of the Wards to the Lord Say Doctor Iuxon then Bishop of London resignes his office of Treasurer of England to five Commissioners Marquess Hertford was also sworn governour to the Prince in the stead of the Earl of Newcastle The Earl of Pembroke displaced from being Lord Chamberlain of the Kings Houshold and the Earl of Essex ordered to succeed him Upon the Kings going for Scotland the Parliament was Adjourned till the 20 of October during which recess and his Majesties absence the ill humours of discontents gathered amain The Faction was strengthened at home by open and avowed correspondencies which became publique in menaces and threatnings against the remaining disorders and abuses in the Government The Ax had but tasted of that blood of which it soon after glutted it self all persons of all Ranks and Conditions King Archbishop Duke Marquess Earls Lords Knights Gentlemen Ministers Mechanicks suffering under its edge A remarkable thing the parallel of it being no where in our English Chronicles But so the Noble Earl of Straffords blood was expiated and his innocency attended with the like victimes The Parliament now met together after their adjournment the King being still in Scotland where he so ordered affairs by his indulgence and bounty that it was verily thought upon his departure he had not left a malecontent in that Kingdom to the confirmation of which opinion the Scots were not wanting themselves it being their complement grown to a publique expression that his Majesty