of Man THIS Island call'd Monoeda by Ptolomy and by Pliny Mondbia enjoys a very cold and sharp Air being expos'd on every side to the bleak piercing Winds from the Sea Its Soil oweth much of its Fertility to the Care and Industry of the Husbandman The Inhabitants a mixture of English Scots and Irish commonly call'd Mankâ—-men have in general a very good Character The ordinary sort of People retain much of the Irish in their Language and way of Living but those of better Rank strive to imitate the English In this they 're peculiarly happy that all litigious Proceedings are banish'd from among 'em all Differences being speedily determin'd by certain Judges call'd Deemsters and that without Writings or Fees If the Case be found very intricate then 't is referr'd to twelve Men whom they term the Keyes of the Island This Island with the Advowson of the Bishoprick belongs to the Earls of Derby who are commonly stil'd Lords of Man though Kings in effect they having all kind of Civil Power and Jurisdiction over the Inhabitants but still under the Fief and Sovereignty of the Crown of England §. 5. Anglesey THIS Island the celebrated Mona of the Romans and Ancient Seat of the Druides is bless'd with a very fruitful Soil producing most sorts of Grain especially Wheat in such abundance that the Welsh commonly term it Môn mam Gymry i. e. Môn the Nursery of Wales because that Principality is frequently suppli'd from thence in unseasonable Years 'T is commonly reckon'd as one of the Counties of North-Wales and acknowledgeth Subjection to the Crown of England §. 6. The Isle of Wight THIS Island term'd by Ptolomy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and by the Romans Vecta Vectis or Victesis enjoys a pure healthful Air and is generally reckon'd a very pleasant and fruitful Spot of Ground 'T was once honour'd as the Isle of Man with the Title of Kingdom for Henry Beauchamp Earl of Warwick was Crown'd King of Wight by Henry VI. Anno 1445. but that Title died with himself about two Years after and 't is now reckon'd only a Part of Hampshire and is govern'd in like manner as other of the Lesser Islands §. 7. Jersey Garnsey and Alderney THESE Islands are all of William the Conqueror's Inheritance and Dukedom of Normandy that now remains in Possession of the English Crown Their Soil is sufficiently rich producing in great abundance both Corn and Fruits especially Apples of which they make plenty of Syder and the Air is so healthful to breath in that the Inhabitants have little or no use for Physicians among ' em They chiefly imploy themselves in Agriculture and Knitting of Stockings and during War with France they 're much given to Privateering It 's observable of Garnsey that no venomous Creature can live in it and that the Natives generally look younger by ten Years than they really are These Islands being annext to the English Crown Anno 1108. by Henry I have to their great Honour continued firm in their Allegiance to England ever since that time notwithstanding of several attempts made upon them by the French And so much for the Lesser Britannick Islands But if the Reader desires a larger Account of 'em let him consult the late Edition of Cambden's Britannia from page 1049 to 1116. inclusively Having thus particularly survey'd the Britannick Islands both Greater and Lesser proceed we now according to our propos'd Method to the Second Part of this Section which is to take a View of all other Islands belonging to Europe whether they lie on the North West or South of the main Continent Therefore II. Of all other European Islands European Islands being situated on the North of Europe West South On the North are the Scandinavian Islands West are The Isle of Ice-land The Britannick of which already The Azores South are those in the Mediterranean Sea Of which in their Order §. 1. The Scandinavian Islands Such Islands are those belonging to Sweden Denmark Norway To Sweden are chiefly those of Rugen Chief Town Bergen W to N. E. Bornholn Rottomby Oeland Borkholm Gothland Wishby Oesal Arnsberg Dago Dageroot Aland Castleholm Northward To Denmark are chiefly those of Zealand Chief Town Copenhagen Capital of all Funen Odensee W. to E. Langland Ruthkoping Laland Naxkow Falster Nykoping Mina Stegâ— Fâ—meren Borge S. W. of Laland Aisâ—n Sonderborg Funen To Norway are chiefly those of Carmen Lying W. of Sâ—avanger S. to N. Hiteren W. of Dronthem Sanien Adjacent to Wardhus Suroy Adjacent Of all these Islands Zealand is the most remarkable and that only for the City of Copenhagen as being the Seat Royal of the Kings of Denmark § 2. The Isle of Ice-land THIS Island taken by some for the much controverted Thule of the Ancients is term'd by the Italians Islanda by the Spaniards Tierra elada by the French Islande by the Germans Island and by the English Ice-land so call'd from the abundance of Ice wherewith 't is environed for the greatest part of the Year By reason of the frozen Ocean surrounding this Island and the great quantity of Snow wherewith 't is mostly cover'd the Air must of necessity be very sharp and piercing yet abundantly healthful to breath in especially to those who are accustomed with that cold Climate The opposite Place of the Globe to Ice-land is that part of the vast Antarctick Ocean lying between 180 and 190 Degrees of Longitude with 60 and 70 Degrees of South Latitude Considering only the Situation of Ice-land it lying in the 18th 19th 20th and 21st North Climate we may easily imagine the Soil is none of the best In some Parts where the Ground is level there are indeed several Meadows very good for Pasture but elsewhere the Island is encumbred either with vast Deserts barren Mountains or formidable Rocks So destitute of Grain is it that the poor Inhabitants grind and make Bread of dri'd Fish-bones In the Northern Parts they have the Sun for one Month without Setting and want him intirely another according as he approacheth the Two Tropicks From this cold and barren Island are yearly exported Fish Whale-Oyl Tallow Hides Brimstone and White Foxes Skins which the Natives barter with Strangers for Necessaries of Humane Life Notwithstanding this Island doâ—â— lie in so cold a Climate yet in it are divers hot and scalding Fountains with Hecla a terrible Valcano which though always covered with Snow up to the very Top doth frequently Vomit forth Fire and Sulphurous Matter in great abundance and that sometimes with such a terrible roaring that the loudest Claps of Thunder are hardly so formidable In the Western Parts of the Island is a Lake of a petrifying Nature and towards the middle another which commonly sends up such a pestilentious Vapour as frequently kills Birds that endeavour to fly over it Some also write of Lakes on the Tops of Mountains and those well-stor'd with Salmons In this Island are two Danish Bishopricks viz. those of Schalholt
Country especially Juitland formerly Cimbrica Chersonesus a part of Ancient Scandinavia is term'd by the Italians Dania by the Spaniards Dinmarca by the French Danemarc by the High Germans Dennemark and by the English Denmark so called from the Bounds and Marâ—es of its Inhabitants the Danes whose Country bordering on the Ancient Batavi and Saxons was thereupon call'd Dane-march which Name in process of time did turn into that of Denmark The Air of this Country is much the same with that in the Southern Part of Swedeland it being extreamly Cold but in most places very wholesome The opposite place of the Globe to Denmark is that part of the Pacifick Ocean lying between 210 and 220 Degrees of Longitude with 50 and 60 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 10th and 11th North Climates is very good for Grain and Pasturage Here is abundance of Fish especially Herrings as also many wild Fowls and most kinds of wild Beasts The longest Day in the Northmost part is 17 Hours ½ the shortest in the Southmost is 8 Hours ¼ and the Nights proportionably The Chief Commodities of this Country are Fish Tallow Furniture for Ships Armour Ox-hides Buck-skins Fir-wood and Wainscot c. Near to Sleswick Southward are yet to be seen the Remains of that famous Wall and Trench made above 880 Years ago by Gotricius then King of Denmark to hinder the Incursions of the Saxons resembling somewhat the Pict's Wall in Great Britain 2. Between Flensburg and Sleswick is a small Village which goes by the Name of Anglen remarkable in so far that from the said Village and Country adjacent came our Ancestors the Ancient Angles into Great Britain 3. In Gottorp is an admirable Globe of Copper 10 Foot ½ in Diameter so contriv'd by one of the Dukes of Holstein that by certain Wheels turn'd about by Water it represents exactly the Motions of the Coelestial Bodies As also another in the Arsenal at Copenhagen of 6 Foot Diameter fram'd by Tycho Brahe that famous Danish Astronomer 4. In the Island Ween are the Ruins of the Tower of Uraniburge renowned for the Observations made thereon by the aforesaid Tycho Braye As also the Dungeon call'd Stelliburg beset with Looking-Glasses where he was wont to sit and observe the Stars in all Seasons 5. The Island Ween is likewise remarkable in that it will harbour no Dormice none such being able to live when imported thither as also a Spring whose Waters never freez even in the extreamest Cold of Winter To these we may add as a singular Curiosity of this Country That magnificent Throne fram'd of prodigious long Horns of a certain Sea Animal which the Vulgar are willing to take for the Unicorn Vid. Dr. Brown 's Travels As for Archbishopricks in this Kingdom there 's only one viz. that of Copenhagen Bishopricks in this Kingdom are those of Sleswick Arhusen Alburg Ripen Wiburg Universities in this Kingdom are those at Copenhagen Kiel The Danes a very warlike People of old having constrain'd many of the Northern Nations to submit to the force of their Arms at some time or other are now almost of the same Temper with their Neighbours the Swedes and Germans but that they are generally esteem'd a People more given to Pride and Cunning than either of the former They are Industrious and Frugal enough as also considerable Lovers of Learning but generally greater Lovers of Excess whether in Drinking or Eating especially the former and that ever since the Juice of the Grape was recommended to them by the High Germans whom they now equal if not exceed in all manner of Carousing The Modern Language of Denmark is originally a Dialect of the Teutonit The Court Gentry and Chief Burgers commonly use the High German in ordinary Discourse and French when they talk with Strangers How the Danish Tongue differs from the High German and the Modern Language in Swedeland will best appear from their Pater-Noster which runs thus Fader vor du som est himmelen helligt vorde die naffu tilkomme dit rige vorde din vilie sâ—â— paâ— jorden som hander i himmelen Gift osz â— dagh vort daglige brod oc forlad osz vor skyld som wi forlade vare skyldener ock lead osz ickudi fristelse Men frele osz fra ont Amen This Kingdom was formerly Elective although they usually advanc'd the next Heir to the Crown until the Year 1659. that Frederick the Ill having bravely repuls'd the Swedes besieging the Capital City Copenhagen it was then rendred Hereditary to his Family The Nobility here had hitherto a considerable Stroke until these our own Days that this Kingdom is so strangely Frenchifi'd in Point of Government that the Danish and French Monarchy's are now almost of the same Mould The King assumes to himself the Power of disposing of all Heirs and Heiresses of any Note as 't is practis'd in France The Danish Law is highly to be priz'd in that it 's short and perspicuous surpassing the like of all other Nations in that respect It 's wholly founded upon Equity and Compris'd in one Quarto Volume in the Danish Tongue and that so plain that any Man may understand and plead his own Cause without the Aid of either Counsel or Attorney and no Suit is to hang in suspence beyond one Year and a Month. This is indeed a mighty Advantage and a singular Property of the Danish Law upon one hand but the same is attended with a vast Inconvenience on the other for the first and principal Article thereof runs thus That the King hath the Priviledge reserv'd to himself to explain nay to alter and change the same as he shall think good Chief Courts for Administration of Justice both in Civil and Criminal Affairs are four viz. Byfoght's Heredsfought's Lanstag and High-Right The first is peculiar for deciding Matters which happen in Cities and Towns The second for those of the Country The third is the High-Court of the Province to which Appeals are made from the two former And the fourth is the Supream of all the rest held commonly at Copenhagen and consisting of the Principal Nobility in which Court the King himself sometimes sits in Person Beside these there is the Court of Admiralty for Maritime Affairs as also a Rent Chamber resembling our Court of Exchequer for managing all Matters relating to the Publick Revenue The King of Denmark bears Party of three and Coupè of two which makes twelve Quarters In the first Or Semè of Hearts Gules three Lyons passant guardant Azure crown'd Langu'd and Arm'd of the first for Denmark 2 Gules a Lyon Rampant Or Crown'd and Arm'd of the first in his Paws a Battle-Ax Argent hilted of the second for Norway 3. Gules a Lion Passant-guardant Or on Nine Hearts of the same in Fesse for Gothland 4. Gules a Dragon crown'd Or for Schonen 5. Azure three Crowns Or for Sweden 6. Gules a
is to take charge of all the King's Revenue kept in the Exchequer as also to check all Officers imploi'd in collecting the same and such like This Office is frequently executed by several Persons conjunctly in Commission term'd Lords of the Treasury as at present 4. The Lord President of the Council whose Office is to attend upon the King and Summons the Council to propose business at Council-Table and Report the several Transactions of the Board 5. The Lord Privy-Seal whose Office is to pass all Charters and Grants of the King and Pardons sign'd by the King before they come to the Great Seal of England as also divers other Matters of smaller moment which do not pass the Great Seal But this Seal is never to be affixt to any Grant without good warrant under the King's Privy-Signet nor even with such Warrant if the thing granted be against Law or Custom until the King be first acquinted therewith 6. The Lord Great Chamberlain of England whose Office is to bring the King's Shirt Coif and Wearing Cloaths on the Coronation-day to put on the King's Apparel that Morning to carry at the Coronation the Coif Gloves and Linnen which are to be us'd by the King on that Occasion likeways the Sword and Scabard as also the Gold to be offer'd by the King together with the Robe Royal and Crown to Undress and Attire the King with his Royal Robes to serve the King that Day with Water for to wash his Hands before and after Dinner 7. The Lord High Constable of England an Officer whose Power is so great that 't was thought inconvenient to lodge the same in any Subject since the Year 1521. and is now conferr'd on some of the chiefest Peers pro re nata as upon occasion of Coronations or Solemn Tryals by Combat 8. The Earl Marshal of England whose Office is to take cognizance of all Matters of War and Arms to determine Contracts concerning Deeds of Arms out of the Realm upon Land and Matters touching Wars within the Realm which the Common Law cannot determine 9. The Lord High admiral of England whose Trust and Honour is so great that this Office hath been usually given either to some of the King 's younger Sons near Kinsmen or one of the chiefest Peers of the Realm To him is committed the Management of all Maritime Affairs the Government of the King's Navy a decisive Power in all Causes Maritime as well Civil as Criminal He also Commissionates Vice-Admirals Reer-Admirals Sea-Captains c. and enjoys a number of Priviledges too many here to be mention'd This Office is commonly executed by several Persons conjunctly in Commission term'd Lords of the Admiralty as at present After the Officers of the Crown we might here subjoin the various Courts of Judicatory establisht in this Kingdom especially the High Court of Parliament which is Supreme to all others and to whom all last Appeals are made I might here likeways mention all the Subordinate Courts of this Realm particularly that of the King's-Bâ—nch the Court of Common Pleas the High Court of Chancery the Exchequer and the Court of the Dutchy of Lancaster c. as also the Ecclesiastical Courts in Subordination to the Archbishop of Canterbury as the Court of Arches the Court of Audience the Prerogative Court the Court of Faculties and that of Peculiars But to declare the Nature and Constitution the ample Privileges and manner of Procedure in each of them would far exceed the narrow Bounds of an Abstract I shall not therefore descend to particulars only adding to this Paragraph that besides these various Courts above-mention'd the King consulting the ease and welfare of the Subject Administers Justice by his Itinerate Judges and that in their yearly Circuits through the Kingdom and for the better governing of and keeping the King's Peace in particular Counties Hundreds Cities Burroughs and Villiages of this Realm Counties have their respective Lord Lieutenants Sheriffs and Justices of the Peace Hundreds their Bailiffs High-Constables and Petty-Constables Cities their Mayor Aldermen Sheriffs c. Burroughs and Towns incorporate have either a Mayor or two Bailiffs or a Portrive who in Power are the same with Mayor and Sheriffs and during their Offices are Justices of the Peace within their own Liberties And lastly Villiages are in Subjection to the Lord of the Mannor under whom is the Constable or Headborough to keep the Peace apprehend Offenders and bring them before the Justice Of such an admirable Constitution is the English Government that no Nation whatsoever can justly pretend to such a Model and no People in the World may live more happy if they please so that it may be justly affirm'd of them what the Poet saith in another Case only with change of Persons O fortunatos nimium sua si bona norint Anglicanos The Ensigns Imperial of the Monarch of Great Britain are in the first place Azure Three Flower-de-Luces Or the Royal Arms of France quartered with the Imperial Ensings of England which are Gules Three Lyons passant Gardant in Pale Or. In the second place within a double tressure Counter flowr'd de lys Or a Lyon Rampant Gules for the Royal Arms of Scotland In the third place Azure and Irish Harp Or string'd Argent for the Royal Ensigns of Ireland In the fourth place as in the first These Ensigns Armoral are quartered after a new manner since the late Revolution the English Arms being put before the French and the whole charg'd with an Escutcheon of the House of Nassau which is Azure Semi-billets a Lyon Rampant Or Languid and Armed Gules all within the Garter the chief Ensign of that most Noble Order above the same an Helmet answerable to King William's Sovereign Jurisdiction upon the same a rich Mantle of Cloath of Gold doubled Ermin adorn'd with an Imperial Crown and surmounted for a Crest by a Lyon passant Gardent Or Crowned as the former and an Unicorn Argent Gorged with a Crown thereto a Chain affixt passing between his Forelegs and reflex'd over his Back Or both standing upon a Compartment plac'd underneath and in the Table of that Compartment is express'd the King of England's Motto which is Dieu mon Droit but of late Jâ— Maintiendray The Inhabitants of this Country are for the most part of the true Reform'd Religion publickly profess'd and carefully taught in its choicest Purity In Reforming of which they were not so hurri'd by popular Fury and Faction as in other Nations but proceeded in a more Prudent Regular and Christian Method resolving to separate no farther from the Church of Rome than she had separated from the Truth embracing that excellent Advice of the Prophet Jer. 6. 16. Stand ye in the ways and see and ask for the old paths where is the good way and walk therein So that the Reform'd Church of England is a true Mean or middle Way betwixt those two Extreams of Supperstition and Phanaticism both equally to be avoided The Doctrine of
Country it lying in the 9th 10th 11th and 12th Northern Climates is not very fruitful but yet where less fertile in Corn that disadvantage is recompens'd with tollerable Pasturage It s numerous Lakes are very well stor'd with various kinds of Fishes Its Mountains are generally covered over with Trees and several of them lin'd with considerable Mines of Silver Tin Brass and Iron The longest Day in the Northmost part of this Country is about two Months the Sun being so long without setting when near the Summer Solstice The shortest in the Southmost is about 6 Hours 1 â— and the Nights proportionably The Chief Commodities of this Country are Metals Ox-hides Goat-skins Buck-skins and costly Furs Pine trees Fir-trees Oales Tallow Tar Honey and such like The Chief Rarities of this Country may be reckon'd two Publick Clocks of admirable Workmanship one belonging to the Cathedral Church of Upsal the other to that of St. Laurence in Lunden especially the latter which suppos'd to be the Work of Casper Bartholinus shews not only the Day Hour and Minute but also all the remarkable Motions of the Coelestial Bodies with all Festivals both fixt and moveable and several other pleasant Curiosities To these add that famous Slimy Lake in the Southern Part of Gothland which burns such things as are put into it As also a certain Stone found in several Parts of Sueden which being of a Yellow Colour intermixt with several Streaks of white as if compos'd of Gold and Silver affords both Sulphur Vitriol Alium and Minium Some write of a Lake in Lapland which hath as many Islands in it as there are Days in the Year Archbishopricks belonging to Sueden are Two viz. those of Upsal Riga Bishopricks in this Kingdom are Eight viz. those of Wâ—steras Strergnes Wexioc Lunden Lindkaeping Scaren Abo. Wiburg Universities established here are Two viz. those of Upsal Abo. The Swedes for the most part are Men of big and strong Bodies Men whose very Constitution doth fit them to be Soldiers but generally they weaken Nature by extravagant excess in Drinking Their Gentry are much given to Hospitality very Affable and Civil to Strangers and many of them become considerable Proficients in several Arts and Sciences The Commons are generally esteem'd good Mechanicks but lookt upon by all as too much addicted to Laziness in point of improving their Country by not cutting down many unnecessary Forests and improving that Ground to better advantage The Swedes speak a Dialect of the Teutonic which is somewhat different from that us'd in Denmark and Upper Germany Persons of Quality understand and speak the High-German Language in its Native purity The Finlanders have a peculiar Gibberish of their own For a Specimen of the Swedish Tongue we shall here subjoin the Lord's Prayer in that Language intending to observe the same Method in treating of all other Languages in Europe Their Pater-Noster runs thus Fadher war som est i himlem helghat warde tiett namyn till komme titt ricke skee tin wilie sa comi himmelen sa ock pa jordenne wart dagliha brod giffosz i dagh och forlat osz wara skuld sa som ock wforlate them osz skyldighe aro Och in leedh osz ickei frestelse uthan frels oszi fra ondo Amen The Kingdom of Swedeland having suffered various turns of Fortune being frequently disturb'd by the Adjacent Nations at last got rid of them all and becoming terrible to others spread it self over a considerable Part of its Neighbours Territories At present 't is subject unto and govern'd by its own Monarch who since the last Age is not only Hereditary but by the late turn of Affairs in his Country hath also attained unto and now exerciseth such a Power over the Subject that the same is really astonishing to any considering Person who looks back unto the State of that Kingdom only a few Years ago He is stil'd King of the Swedes Goths and Vandals Grand Prince of Finland Duke of Estonia and Carelia and Lord of Ingria c. The different Orders in this Realm are Six viz. Princes of the Blood the Nobility Clergy Soldiery Merchantry and Commonalty These by their Representatives being assembled in Parliament make four different Houses viz. that of the Nobility where the Grand Marshal presides 2. That of the Clergy where the Archbishop of Upsal presides 3. That of the Burgesses where one of the Consuls of Stockholm presides And lastly That of the Knights of the Shirâ— where one of their own Number elected by themselves presides Chief Courts establisht in this Kingdom are these Five viz. 1 That commonly call'd the King's Chamber design'd for the Decision of all Cases happening between the Nobility Senators or any of the Publick Officers and here the King is at least ought to sit as President 2 The Court Martial in which all Matters relating to War are determin'd and here the Grand Marshal of the Army is President 3. The Court of Chancery in which Edicts Mandates Commissions and such like are made out in the King's Name and here the Chancellour of the Kingdom is President 4 The Court of Admiralty in which all business relating to Maritime Affairs are transacted and here the High Admiral is President Lastly The Court of Exchequer in which all Matters concerning the Publick Revenue are manag'd and here the Grand Treasurer is President The King of Sweden bears quarterly In the First and fourth Azure three Crowns Or two in Chief and one in Base for Swedeland In the second and third Barry Argent and Azure a Lyon Or Crown'd Gules for Finland Over all quatterly in the first and fourth Sable a Lyon Or crown'd arm'd and langued Gules for the Palatinate of the Rhine In the second and third Lozenges Bendwise of twenty one pieces Argent and Azure for Bavaria For the Crest a Crown Royal adorn'd with eight Flowers and clos'd by as many Demi-Circles terminating in a Mond Or. The Supporters are two Lyons Or Crown'd of the same And his Motto is in these words Dominus Protector Meus Lutheranism is the establisht Religion of this Country being universally profess'd by all Orders and Degrees of Men except in Livonia where is a considerable Number of Papists intermixt and Lapland many of whose Inhabitants are mear Heathens usually worshipping the Sun Fire Serpents and the like and that ever since the Days of the Reformation which was happily effected in this Kingdom by Gustavus the First upon his Accession to the Swedish Crown since which time their Religion hath not been disturb'd from abroad but once and since that Disturbance never distracted at home by Non-Conformity for Persons of all Ranks adhering to the Tenets of Luther give constant attendance on Divine Service and joyn in the same manner of Worship Christianity was first planted in this Kingdom by the care and diligence of Ansgarius Archbishop of Breme the Apostle General of the North. §. 2. DENMARK THis
Paschal Lamb Argent supporting a Flag of the same mark'd with a Cross Gules for Juitland 7. Or two Lions Passant-guardant Azure for Sleswick 8. Gules a Fish crown'd Argent for Ice land Over these eight Quartors a great Cross Argent which is the ancient Devise of the Kingdom on the Center of which are plac'd the Arms of Dithmarsh viz. Gules a Cavalier Arm'd Argent 9. Gules a Nettle-leaf open and charg'd in the middle with a little Escucheon the whole Argent for Holstein 10. Gules a Cygnet Argent gorg'd with a Crown Or for Stormarsh 11. Gules two Fesses Or for Delmenhorst 12. Gules a Cross Pattree-fitchree Argent for Oldenburgh The Shield surrounded with the Collar of the Order of the Elephant The Crest is a Crown Or flowr'd rais'd with eight Diadems terminating in a Mond of the same For the Motto are these words Pietas Justitia coronant The Errors and Practices of the Roman Church being grown at length so intollerable that an Universal Reformation became expedient this Kingdom among the other Northern Crowns threw off that insupportable Yoak and cordially embrac'd the Doctrine of Luther which being allow'd off by Frederick the First about the middle of the last Century was so firmly and universally establish'd in Denmark that in all the Danish Dominions there is no other Religion but Lutheranism profess'd except some French Refugees who are allow'd a Church at Copenhagen and a few Popish Families who were lately permitted to perform their Worship in a Chappel at Gluckstat The Danish Clergy do still retain the Practice of Confession which all Persons are oblig'd unto before they participate of the Blessed Sacrament of the Lord's Supper they likewise retain Crucifixes and several Ceremonies of the Roman Church Christianity was fully Establisht in this Country about the middle of the XII Century and that by the means of Pope Adrian the IV. an Englishman who before his Assumption of the Popedom was term'd Nicholaus Breakspear §. 3. NORWAY THis Country formerly Norvegia a Part of Ancient Scandinavia is term'd by the Italians Neruegia by the Spaniards Noruega by the French Norwegue by the Germans Norwegen and by the English Norway so call'd from its Northern Situation Nort being for North and weg way seeing it is the way to and from the North in respect of the rest of Europe The Air of this Country is so extreamly Cold especially towards the North parts of the Kingdom that 't is but thinly inhabited and that by the meanest of People The opposite Place of the Globe to Norway is part of the Pacifick Ocean between 200 and 230 Degrees of Longitude with 60 and 70 Degrees of South Latitude By reason of the excessive Coldness of the Country it lying in the 11th 12th and 13th North Climate the Soil is very barren not having force enough to produce the very necessaries of Life the Common People being forced to use dry Fish instead of Bread In short this Country is overspread either with vast Forrests barren Mountains or formidable Rocks In the Northmost parts of it the longest Day is above two Months the Sun not setting for that time the shortest in the Southmost about 6 Hours ¼ and the Nights proportionably The Chief Commodities of this Country are Stock-fish Rich Furs Train-Oyl Pitch and Tackling for Ships as Masts Cables Deal-boards and the like which the Inhabitants exchange for Corn Wine Fruits Beer and other Necessaries of Life What chiefly deserves the Name of Rarity in this Country is that remarkable Lake near Drontheim whose Waters never freeze even in the dead of Winter notwithstanding of the excessive Cold at that Season Near to the Isle of Hiteren is that wonderful and dangerous Whirly-pool commonly call'd Maelstroom and by Navigators The Navel of the Sea which swallows up Ships with their whole Cargo if they unhappily approach too nigh Archbishopricks in this Kingdom only one viz. that of Drontheim Bishopricks in this Kingdom are those of Anslo Bergen Staffanger Universities in this Kingdom None The Norvegians being notorious Pyrates of old became very formidable to several of the Northern Nations are now lookt upon as a very mean simple and ignorant sort of People a People however that 's very hardy much given to Toiling and Labour very Just in their Dealings and abundantly Civil after their own Manner to the few Strangers who come among them In the Northmost Parts of the Kingdom they have no Towns but generally live in Tents and Travel in great Companies from one place to another in Hunting The Language now spoken in this Country especicially in all the civilized Parts thereof is little different from that us'd in the Kingdom of Denmark a Specimen of which is already given in the foregoing Paragraph This Kingdom was formerly a distinct Body by it self and independent of any other but being incorporated with Denmark Anno 1387. is now subject to his Danish Majesty who besides particular Governors in the five Castles of Bahus Aggerus c. abovemention'd doth ordinarily keep a Vice-Roy there for the better Administration of the Publick Affairs of that Kingdom his Place of Residence is commonly at Bergen and his Power is extraordinary great See Denmark The establisht Religion in Norway is the same as in Denmark only that in the Northmost Parts of the Kingdom the knowledge of Christiany which was at first planted in this Country much about the same time with the two other Northern Crowns is so decay'd that on the Borders of Lapland they differ but little from mere Heathens MOSCO VIE or RVSSIE SECT II. Concerning Moscovia  d. m.  Miles Situated between 46 00 of Long. It s greatest Length is about 1630. 105 00 between 45 10 of Lat. Breadth is about 1500. 71 00 Divided into North Chief Town St. Michael Arch-Angel South Moscow Capital City More Particularly North contains many Provinces but chiefly these of Trines Chief Town W. to E. Kargapolia Kargapol Dwina St. Michael Arch-Angel Condora Wirgatouria Sibiria Tobol Obdora Berezow Vologda Idem upon the upper part of the Dwina South containing many Provinces but chiefly these of Casan Chief Town Idem from E. to W. upon the Volga Mordowitz None remarkable Nisi Novogrod Idem Volodimir Idem Moscow Idem Astracan Idem at the Mouth of the Volga Novogrod Weleki Idem Between the Lake Ilmins and Peipus Pleskow Idem Severia Novogrod-Sewarski S. W. of Moscow §. 2. MOSCOVIA THIS Country containing much of Sarmatia Europaea and part of Sarmatia Asiatica being also nam'd Russia from the Ancient People of that Country call'd Rossi or Russi is term'd by the Italians Moscouia by the Spaniards Moscovia by the French Moscovie or Russie Blanche by the Germans Moscau and by the English Moscovia or Moscovy so call'd from its chief Province of that Name whose Denomination is deriv'd from Moschi or Mosci an Ancient People first inhabiting that Part of
Orleanois and that at Clermont in Auvergne whose Waters are of a Petrifying Nature and likewise another nigh to the City of Mans which maketh Silver look exactly like Gold 2 Observable Mountains particularly those nigh to Rhodes in Guienne call'd the Mountains of Cansac which burn whenever it Rains 3. Some hideous Subterranean Holes or Passages as that in the Forrest of S. Aubin du Cormier in Bretaign through which flows a mighty Torrent of Water and another near Nions in Dauphine from which proceedeth a violent Wind. These are the chief Rarities in France both Natural and Artificial especially the latter As for Artificial ones of a modern date this Country affordeth several particularly that famous Canal of Languedoc and splendid Palace of Versailles with divers magnificent Buildings especially Churches but these are either too well known to need or too numerous to admit of any particular Relation here The Archbishopricks of France are these following viz. Lions whose Archbishop is Count and Primate of France Sens Primate of France and Germany Paris Duke and Peer of the Realm Reims Duke and Peer and Legat of the Holy See Rouen Primate of Normandy As also those Yours Bourdeaux Narbonne Vienne Burges Auch Arles Bezancon Alby Tholouse Aix Embrun The respective Suffragans of these Archbishops are as followeth Lions Autun Langres Wacon Chasion Sens. Trois Auxerre Nevers Paris Chartres Orleans Meaux Reims Soissont Laon Chaalons Noijon Beauvais Amiens Senlis Boulogn Alby Castres Mende Rodez Cahors Vahors Narbonne Carcassâ—nr Aleâ— Beziers Agde Lodove Montpellier Nismes Usetz S. Pons Perpignan Rouen Bayeux Euâ—eux Auranchet Seez Lisâ—ux Coutances Bourdeauz Poictiers Saintes Angoulesm Perigueux Agen Condom Sarlat Rochelle Lucon Arles Marseilles Orange S. Paul de 3. Chateaux Toulon Tours Mans Anger 's Rennes Nantes Cournouaille Vannes S. Malo S. Brieu Treguier S. Pol de Leon Dole Auch Acquis Aire Bazas Bayonne Comminges Conserans Lectoure Mescar Oleron Tarbes Aix Apt Riez Frejus Gap Sisteron Vienne Valence Die Grenoble Viviers Maurienne Bourges Clermont Limoges S. Flour le Puy Tulle Tholouse Pamiers Mirepoix Montauban Lavour S. Papaul Lombez Rieux Bezanc Belley Basil in Switz Lausanne in Switz Embrun Digne Glandeve Vence Senez Grace Nice in Savoy Universities belonging to this Kingdom are establisht at these Cities following Paris Anger 's Reims Perpignan Bourdeaux Caen Valence Douay Poictiers Montpellier Aix Dole Orleans Cahors Avignon Friburge Bourges Nantes Pont a'mauson Orange The French are generally a Civil Quick and Active sort of People but extreamly given to Talking especially those of the Female Sex who nevertheless are not only very pleasing in discourse but also of a graceful and winning deportment This People is thus characteriz'd by some That they are Aiery Amorous full of Action and above all things Contentious being so universally given to Law-fuits and that even among nearest Relations that Lawyers Judges and other Officers of Justice are observ'd to be the richest Body of the Kingdom excepting the Churchmen Many of this Country in matters of Learning are bless'd with a clear Conception and ready Expression and of late they have advanc'd the Republick of Letters to a very considerable height this Age having produc'd several of that Nation and even some of the Female Sex who are now famous through all the Learned World for their singular Parts The French Language compos'd chiefly of the Latin together with several German and Gothick words intermixt being lately much refin'd by the Royal Academy at Paris is so admir'd for its elegancy and sweetness that it hath wonderfully spread it self abroad in the world and is now become the chief Tongue that 's commonly us'd in most Princes Courts of Europe Pater-Noster in the same runs thus Nôtre pére qui es aux Cieux Ton Nom soit sanctifié Ton Regne vienne Ta Volonté soit faite en Ia Terre comme aâ— Ciel Donne nous aujourdhuy nôtre pain quotidien Pardonne nous nos offences comme nous pardonnons a' ceux qui nous ont offencez Et ne nous induit point en tentation mais delivre nous du mal Amen This Kingdom being formerly a part of the Roman Empire was in process of time over-run by Franks Goths and Burgundians especially the first by whom was rais'd a Monarchy which continuing in the Succession of Kings of three several Races viz. the Morovignian Carlovinian and Capetine is now as great as any in Christendom and at present subject to one Sovereign entitl'd the Most Christian King and eldest Son of the Church whose Government is Monarchical and Crown hereditary in his Heirs Male all Females being excluded by the Salique Law The whole Kingdom being divided into 12 Governments over each of them is set a Governor styl'd the King's Licutenant-General or Super-Intendant having the like Power as the Lords Lieutenants of England formerly had in their several Counties For the better management of the publick Affairs and Administration of Justice in all parts of this Kingdom here are establisht a great many Courts of Judicatory particularly these following viz. Parliaments Chambers of Accounts Courts of Aides Presidial Courts Generalities Elections c. I. Parliaments the highest and supream Courts of the Nation were Fifteen in number reckoning the late Conquests and held at the Cities of Paris Tholouse Rouen Grenoble Bourdeaux Dijon Aix Vannes Pau Mets Besancon Tourney Perpignan Arras and Brisac These Parliaments according to their respective business are divided into several Chambers especially that of Paris which hath no less than Ten. viz. 1. The Grand Chamber where the Peers of the Realm being accus'd of any Crime are usually Try'd 2. The Tournelle Civile where they take cognizance of such Civil Causes as exceed a thousand Livres in value 3. The Tournelle Criminelle where Appeals from Inferior Courts in Criminal Matters are heard and discuss'd Besides these three there are five Chambers of Inquest where Depositions of Witnesses are set down and Causes thereupon determin'd being almost the same with our Bill and Answer in Chancery and Exchequer And lastly There are two Chambers of Request where Causes of Priviledg'd Persons are heard and discuss'd II. Chambers of Accounts where Accounts of the Treasury are examin'd and Homage and Vassalage due from the Royal Feifs are receiv'd Treaties of Peace and Grants made by the King and such like are recorded These Chambers are 12 in number and held at the Cities of Paris Rouen Dijon Nantes Montpelier Grenoble Aix Pau Blois Liste Aire and Dole III. Courts of Aides where all Causes relating to the King's Revenue particularly Aides Tailles Gabells are determin'd and that without any appeal to a higher Judicatory These Courts are in number Eight and held at these 8 Cities of Paris Montpelier Rouen Clermont Montferrand Bourdeaux Aix Grenoble and Dijon IV. Presidial Courts compos'd of several Judges where Civil Causes in matters of smaller importance as also Appeals made from Subaltern Justices in Villages are
heard and determin'd V. Generalities whose Office they being the Treasurers general of France is to take care of assessing the Taxes proportionably in their respective Districts according to the Sum propos'd by the King and Council to be levied These Courts are 23 in number each consisting of twenty three Persons and these conveniently situated in several parts of the Kingdom They do also judge Matters relating to the Crown-Lands the King's Revenue and such like Lastly Elections which are small Courts subordinate to the Generalities and their Office is to cast up how much every Parish in their respective Division must raise of the Sum propos'd by the Generality and accordingly they issue out their Orders to every Parish whereupon one of the Inhabitants being chosen Collector he proportions every one 's Quota and collecting the same returns it to the Generalities and they again to the publick Exchequer Besides these there is a vast number of inferior Courts for smaller Matters whether Civil or Criminal And a great many publick Officers as Provosts Seneschals Bailiffs as also Intendants de la Justice Police and Finance c. But our intended brevity will not admit of a farther Relation The King of France for Arms bears Azure three Flower de Luces Or two in chief and one in base the Escutcheon is environed with the Collars of the Orders of S. Michael and the Holy Ghost For Crest an Helmet Or entirely open thereon a Crown clos'd after the manner of an Imperial Crown with eight inarched Rays topt with a double Flower de Luce. The Supporters are two Angels habited as Levites the whole under a Pavilion Royal semé of France lin'd Ermines with these words Ex omnibus Floribus elegi mihi Lilium Lilia neque laborant neque nent The only Establish'd Religion in France is that of the Church of Rome for all the Decisions of the Council of Trent in Matters of Faith are there receiv'd but those that relate to Points of Discipline and infringe the Rights of the Crown with the Liberties of the Gallican Church are rejected The Protestants commonly call'd Hugonots were formerly allow'd the publick profession of their Religion by several Edicts granted by the French Kings particularly that of Nantes An. 1598. by Henry IV. and confirm'd by all his Successors ever since But the present King by his Declaration of October 1685. abolish'd the said Edict and inhibited the Exercise of the Reform'd Religion enjoining the profession of the Roman and that under the severest Penalties Whereupon followed the Destruction of their Churches and a violent Persecution which forced great Droves to leave the Kingdom and seek for shelter in Foreign Countries As to the Romanists themselves There are great Divisions among them at present notwithstanding of their so much boasted Unity For besides the hot Disputes between the Molinists and Jansenists about Predestination and Grace in which the pretended Infallible Judge at Rome dares not interpose his Decisive Authority for fear of disobliging one or the other Party we find that the Sect of Quietism has lately crept in among them as appears from the late Book of the Archbishop of Cambray concerning the Internal Life which has been censured by the Archbishop of Paris and the Bishops of Meaux and Chartres and complain'd off by the French King in his Letter to the Pope though the Author profers to maintain his Doctrine before his Holiness if permitted to go to Rome The Christian Faith was first planted in this Country by some of St. Peter's Disciples as is most probably thought sent thither by him at his first coming to Rome A New Map of GERMANY By Rob t. Morden SECT IV. Concerning Germany  d. m.  Miles Situated between 24 10 of Long. It s greatest Length is about 540. 37 12 between 45 30 of Lat. Breadth is about 510. 54 30 Being divided into three Classes viz. North. Middle South North. The Circle of Belgium Chief Towns are Amsterdam W. to E. Bruxelles The Circle of Westphalia Munster The Circle of Lower Saxony Hamburg The Circle of Upper Saxony Wittenburg Middle The Circle of the Lower Rhine Heidelberg W. to E. The Circle of the Upper Rhine Francfort The Circle of Franconio Nurenburg South The Circle of Suabia Ausburg W. to E. The Circle of Bavaria Munick The Circle of Austria Vienna Of all these in Order §. 1. The Circle of Belglum Divided into North viz. Holland Chief Town Amsterdam South viz. Flanders Bruxelles Holland contains Seven Provinces Viz. 4 towards the South Holland properly so call'd Chief Town Amsterdam Zeland Middleburgh Utretcht Idem Zutphen and a part of Gelderland Zutphen 3 towards the North Over Issel Deventer Friesland Leuarden Groningen Idem Flanders contains Ten Provinces Viz. 4 Dutchies Gelderland Chief Town Gelders Brabant Bruxelles Luxembourge Idem Limbourge Idem 4 Counties Flanders properly so called Bruges Artesia Arras Hannonia Mons. Namur Idem The Marquisate of the Empire Antwerp The Seignory of Malines Idem The Chief of these 〈…〉 Holland and Flanders properly 〈…〉 particularly consider them 〈…〉 the most remarkable Towns in each of them 〈…〉 Holland properly so call'd being divided into North. South Chief Towns North are Goree in the Island Goree 〈◊〉 Nigh unto or upon the Mues from W. to E. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In the Western part from S. W. to N. E. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 South are Amsterdam upon the Channel Amstel 〈◊〉 In the Western part from S. to N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Upon the Zuyder-zee or South-Sea from N. to S. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Naerden Flanders properly so call'd being divided into East West Chief Towns in East are Dendermonde Upon the Dendre from N. to S. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gramont Ghâ—ut Upon the Soheld all found from N. to S. W. Oâ—denard Tournay St. Amand Upon the Scarpe Doway Deynse Nigh unto or upon the Lys all found from N. to S. W. Courtray Armenthiers Lisle West are Graveling Five remarkable Ports from S. to N. E. Dunkirk Neuport Osiend laÌ„ys Bruges found from W. to E. Axel Hulst Rupelmond upon the Scheld 5 Miles S. of Antwerp Farne found from W. to E. Dixmude Thyelt Berge S. Winoc from W. to E. Ypres Cassel farthest South The Dutchy of Brabant being divided into North. South Chief Towns in North are Bosleduc found from E. to W. Breda Steenbergen Bergenopzoom Antwerp upon the Scheld Mechelin upon the Dender South are Aersschot Upon the Demer from W. to E. Sichem Diest Brussels found from W. to E. Louvain Tilmont Judoigne about 12 Miles S. E. of Louvain Gemblours found from E. to W. Genape Nivelle §. 2. The Circle of Westphalia Divided into North-East between the Weser and Elm Ch. T. Osnaburge Middle between the Elm and the Rhine Munster South-West betw the Rhine and Cir. Belg. Leige More particularly North-East comprehends The County of Oldenburg Chief Town Idem On the Wefer from N. to S. Hoya are Idem Diepholt Idem Schomberg Idem The Principal of Minden Idem The County of Embden or
nas zabw ode zlego Amen The large Body of Poland is subject unto and govern'd by its own King who is Elective and that by the Clergy and Nobility alone the Commons having no hand in it His Government is term'd Monarchical but if rightly considered we may reckon it rather a Real Aristocracy the Nobility in their Elections having so limited the King's Power that without the Consent of the States-General he may neither make War nor Peace nor do any thing of Importance that concerns the Publick Considering the true Nature and Constitution of this Government we may easily imagine that 't is frequently liable to Inter-reigns whether by Death Deposition or Resignation as also Intestine Broils and Commotions witness the late Election when the Parties electing do jarr in their choice During an Inter-reign or when the King is absent from his Kingdom as sometimes in the Field against the Turks the Archbishop of Gnesna doth ordinarily officiate as King but if no Archbishop of Gnesna then the Bishop of Ploczko exerciseth that Power and in case that that See be also Vacant then the Bishop of Posna undertakes the same The whole State is commonly considered as divided into two principal Parts viz. the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Dutchy of Lithuanta The Great Wheels of Government in both of these are the Senate and General Dyets The Senate is compos'd of Archbishops Bishpos Palatines Principal Castellans and Chief Officers of the Kingdom The General Dyer consists of the same Members together with Delegates from each Province and City both of the Kingdom and Dutchy which Dyet is either Ordinary as when summon'd according to Law once every two Years or Extraordinary as when call'd by the King upon some emergent Occasion The Calling of this Dyet is always perform'd by the Chancellor's Letters term'd Literae Instructionis to the Palatines acquainting them with what the King designs to propose to them and the time he would have them come to Court Having receiv'd the King's Proposal each of them hath full Liberty to examine the same in its own Nature and Consequences and to return their Thoughts about it with all the freedom they can desire The King's Letters are likeways sent to the Gentry of each Palatinate to chuse a Nuncio to be their Representative in the Dyet in which Election the Candidate must be unanimously pitch'd upon for if the Suffrage of only one private Gentleman be wanting the Election is void and the Province is depriv'd of its Vote in the approaching Dyet The Elections being over and the various Senators and Nuncio's come to Court the King array'd in his Royal Robes and attended by the Chancellor renews the Proposal in their Publick Assembly The Proposal having been duly weigh'd by each of them aforehand they come to a speedy Resolution in the Matter either Pro or Con. As the aforesaid Election of the various Nuncio's requires an unanimous Assent in all Persons electing or else the Election is void even so the thing propos'd by the King in the General Dyet must be assented unto by all otherways the Proposal was made in vain for if they differ which frequently happens then the Dyet breaks up without doing any thing and each Member returns to his own Home Subordinate to the Senate and Dyet are a great many Courts of Judicatory whether Ecclesiastical Civil or Military for determining all Causes in the various Parts of the Kingdom which Courts are much the same with the like Subordinate Judicatories in other civiliz'd Countries of Europe particularly those here in England The Arms of the Crown of Poland are Quarterly in the first and fourth Gules an Eagle Argent crown'd and arm'd Or for Poland In the second and third Gules a Cavalier arm'd Cap-a-pe Argent in the Dexter a naked Sword of the same in the Sinister a Shield Azure charg'd with a double barr'd Cross Or mounted on a Courser of the second barbed of the third and nail'd of the fourth for Lithuania For the Crest a Crown heighten'd with eight Fleurets and clos'd with four Demy-Circles ending in a Monde Or which is the Crest of Poland For the Motto are these Words Habent sua sidera Reges The Inhabitants of this Country are for the most part Professors of the Doctrine of the Church of Rome yet all Religions being tolerated here are many of the Greek Church as also Armenians Lutherans Socinians Calvinists Jews Quakers c. Those of the Church of Rome are dispers'd over all Parts of the Kingdom but most numerous in the Provinces of Cujavia and Warsovia The Lutherans are mostly to be found in Prussia The Armenians in Russia and all the rest appear in greatest Droves through the various Parts of Lithuania Besides in Samogitia is a sort of People who differ little or nothing from mere Heathens The Reformation of Religion began in this Country Anno 1535 but did not meet with due encouragement The Christian Faith was planted in the various Parts of Poland at several times and by several Persons it being establisht in Poland properly so call'd Anno 963. in the time of their Prince Miecislaus Son of Memomislus In Livonia Anno 1200. by the Preaching of one Meinarduâ—â—â— In Lithuania not until the Year 1386. at the Admission of 〈◊〉 to the Crown of Poland and then done as some affirm by Thomas Waldensis an Englishman In Samogitia and Volhinia at the same time with Livonia In the rest at other times and upon other occasions SECT VI. Concerning Spain with Portugal  d. m.  Miles Situated between 08 05 of Long. its greatest Length is about 620. 21 30 between 36 15 of Latit Breadth is about 480. 44 30 It being divided into 3 Classes viz. 1. Towards the N. and W. Ocean 2. Towards the Mediterran Sea 3. Towards the middle part 1. Class comprehends Biscay Chief Town Bilbo or Bilboa E. to W. Asturia Oviedo Gallicia Compostella N. to S. Portugal Lisbon Andalousia Sevilla W. to E. 2. Class comprehends Grenada Idem Murâ—â—â— Idem 〈◊〉 Idem Catalonia Barcelona E. to N. W. 3. Class comprehends Arragon Caragoca Navar Pamplona Old Castile Burgâ— N. to S. New Castile Madrid Leon Idem S. of Asturia Of all these in Order §. 1. Biscay a Lordship Contains Ipusco Ch. T. Tholoss E. to W. Biscay properly so called Bilbo â—â—lava Vitoria Southward §. 2. Asturia a Principality Contains Asturia 〈◊〉 viedo Chief Town Oviedo Westward Asturia de Santillana Santillana Eastward §. 3. Gallicia a Kingdom Contains the Archbishopr of Compostella Chief Town Idem S. W. to N. E. Bishopr of Mondonedo Idem Lugo Idem N. E. to S. W. upon the Minho Orense Idem Territory of Tuy Idem §. 4. Portugal a Kingdom Contains The Provin of Eutre Minho Douro Chief Town Braga W. to E. Tralos Montes Miranda Beira Coimbra N. to S. Estrema dura Lisbone Entre Taâ—o Guâ—â—ianâ— Evora The Kingdom of Algâ—ave Tavira § 5. Andalousia a Province Contains the Bishoprick of
Spanish Tradition by St. James the Apostle within four Years after the Crucifixon of our Blessed Redeemer PORTUGAL THIS Country containing a great part of Old Lusitania with some of Ancient Galleria and Boetica is term'd by the Italians Porto Gallo by the Spaniards French Germans and English Portugal so call'd by some from Porto and Cale the first a Haven Town and the other a small Village at the Mouth of the Douro but by others from Portus Gallorum that Haven now O Porto being the Place where the Gauls usually landed when most of the Sea-Port Towns in Spain were in the Hands of the Moors The Air of this Country is much more temperate especially in the Maritime Places than in those Provinces of Spain which lie under the same Parallel it being frequently qualifi'd by Westerly Winds and cool Breezes from the Sea The opposite Place of the Globe to Portugal is that part of the vast Pacifick Ocean between 188 and 194 Degrees of Longitude with 36 and 42 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 5th and 6th North Climate is none of the best for Grain it being very Dry and Mountainous but yet very plentiful of Grapes Oranges Citrons Almonds Pomgranates Olives and such like The longest Day in the Northmost Parts of this Kingdom is about 15 Hours the shortest in the Southmost is about 9 Hours ¾ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Wine Honey Oyl Allom White Marble Salt as also variety of Fruits as Oranges Almonds Citrons Pomgranates c. In a Lake on the Top of the Hill Stella in Portugal are found pieces of Ships though it be distant from the Sea more than twelve Leagues Near to Reja is a Lake observable for its hideous rumbling Noise which is ordinarily heard before a Storm and that at the distance of five or six Leagues About eight Leagues from Coimbra is a remarkable Fountain which swallows up or draws in whatsoever thing only toucheth the Surface of its Waters an Experiment of which is frequently made with Trunks of Trees The Town of Bethlem nigh to Lisbon is noted for the Sumptuous Tombs of the Kings of Portugal Archbishopricks in this Kingdom are those of Lisbon Braga Evora Bishopricks in this Kingdom are those of Miranda Leiria O Porto Coimbra Lamego Viseu Elvas Portalegre Faro Universities in this Kingdom are those of Lisbon Evora Coimbra The Portugueses formerly much noted for their Skill in Navigation and vast Discoveries which the World owes to them are wonderfully degenerated from their Fore-fathers being now a People whom some are pleas'd to Characterize thus That take one of their own Neighbours a Native Spaniard and strip of him of all his good Qualities which may be quickly done that Person then remaining will make a compleat Portuguize They are generally esteem'd a People very Treacherous to one another but more especially to Strangers extraordinary Cunning in their Dealings and the meaner sort are universally given to Thieving The Language us'd in this Kingdom is a Compound of French and Spanish especially the latter The difference between it and the true Spanish will best appear by the Pater Noster in that Tongue which runs thus Padre nosso que estas nos Ceos Sanoifioado seia o teu nome venha a nos ò teu reyno seia felta a tua vontade assi nos ceos como na terra O paonosso de cadaâ—ia 〈…〉 n'estodia E perdoa nos fenhor as nossas diâ—â—das assi como nos pendoamos a os nossos devedores E nao nos dexes cahir em tentacio mas libra nos do mal Amen This Kingdom after many Revolutions of Fortune was unjustly seiz'd upon by Philip II. of Spain and detain'd by him and his two Successors from the Dukes of Braganza the lawful Heir till the Year 1640. that the Portuguezes being unable to bear up any longer under the Tyrannical Sovereignty of the Spaniards threw off that intollerable Yoke and set the Crown upon the Head of John VI. Duke of Braganza afterwards John IV. Surnam'd the Fortunate notwithstanding of all that Philip IV. could do to the contrary Which Enterprize of theirs was happily brought about by the Assistance of some French Forces sent into this Country and 't is very remarkable how closely this their Design of Revolting was carri'd on though known to above three hundred â—â—rsons at once and in Agitation for the space of a whole Year Ever since which Revolt of Portugal it hath continued an Independent Kingdom subject unto and govern'd by its own King being of the Family of Braganza whose Government is truly Monarchical and Crown Hereditary He bears Argent five Escutcheons Azure plac'd cross wise each charg'd with as many Besants of the first plac'd in Saltier and pointed Sable for Portugal The Shield border'd Gules charg'd with Seven Towers Or three in chief and two in each Flanch The Crest is a Crown Or. Under the two Flanches and the Base of the Shield appear at the ends of two Crosses the first Flower-de-luc'd Verte which is for the Order of Avis and the second Pattes Gules which is for the Order of Christ The Motto is very changeable each King assuming a new one but frequently these Words Pro Rege Grege What was said of Religion in Spain the same almost may be affirm'd of that in this Kingdom the Tenets of the Church of Rome being here universally embrac'd by the Portugucze only with this difference that they tollerate Jews and allow several Strangers the publick Exercise of their Religion particularly the English Factory at Lisbon This Country receiv'd the Blessed Gospel much about the same time with Spain ITALY by Rob. Mordon SECT VI. Concerning Italy  d. m. Situated between 25 30 of Long. its greatest Length from N. W. to S. E. is about 760 Miles 39 00 between 38 15 of Latit Breadth from S. W. to N. E. is about 134 Miles 46 30 Being divided into three Classes viz. Upper Middle Lower The Upper or Lombardy contains the Dukedom of Savoy Chief Town Chambery W. to E. Princip of Piedmont Turin D. of Montferrat Casal Milan Idem Parma Idem Modena Idem Mantua Idem N. to Modena Rep. of Venice Idem on the bot of the Adriatick Gulf. Genoua Idem S. to Milan Bishoprick of Trent Id. S. to Tyrol in Austria The Middle contains the Land of the Church Rome S. to N. Duked of Tuscany Florence Rep. of Luca Idem S. to Modena S. Marino Idem The Lower contains the Kingdom of Naples Idem Southward Of all these in Order §. 1. In the Upper-part or Lombardy SAVOY Containing several remarkable Towns situated upon or nigh unto four small Rivers that water this Country Viz. The Isere running Westward in the main The Arc W. turning N. W. The Seran N. W. in the main The Arve N. W. Nigh unto or upon the Isere are those of
more famous for what it hath been than for what it is being now on the decaying hand At present it's subject unto several Sovereigns various Places within its Territories belonging to the Dukes of Savoy and Tuscany some free and others lately taken by the French III. Luca being a small Free Commonwealth enclos'd within the Territories of the Grand Duke of Tuscany is under the Government of one Principal Magistrate call'd the Gonfalonier changeable every second Month assisted by nine Counsellors nam'd Anziani whom they also change every six Months during which time they live in the Palace or Common-Hall and Superior to them is the Grand Council which consisteth of about Two hundred and forty Noblemen who being equally divided into two Bodies take their turns every half Year This State is under the Protection of the Emperor of Germany and payeth him yearly Homage accordingly IV. St. Marino a little but flourishing Republick in the Dukedom of Urbine which still maintains its Previleges and is govern'd by its own Magistrates who are under the Protection of the Pope The whole Territory of this small Commonwealth is but one Mountain about three Miles long and ten round consisting of about five thousand Inhabitants who boast of their State being a Free Republick about a thousand Years It being too tedious to express the Ensigns Armorial of all the Sovereign Princes and States in this Country and too superficial to mention those of one only we shall therefore as a â—he Medium nominate the Chief Sovereignties of Italy viz. the Popâ—â—â—om the Dukedom of Tuscany and the Republicks of Venice and Genoua and affix to each of these their peculiar Arms. Therefore 1. His Holiness the Pope as Sovereign Prince over the Land of the Church or Papal Dominions bears for his Escutcheon Gules consisting of a long Cape or Head-piece Or surmounted with a Cross pearl'd and garnish'd with three Royal Crowns together with the two Keys of St. Peter placed in Saltier 2. The Arms of Tuscany are Or five Roundles Gules two two and one and one in Chief Azure charged with three Flower-de-Luces Or. 3. Those of Venice are Azure a Lion winged Sejant Or holding under one of his Paws a Book covered Argent Lastly Those of Genoua are Argent a Cross Gules with a Crown clos'd by reason of the Island of Corsica belonging to it which bears the Title of Kingdom and for Supporters are two Griffins Or. My unavoidable Prolixity in handling the various Heads contain'd in the foregoing Paragraphs doth call upon me to attone for the same by a desirable Brevity in treating of this Head now before us All therefore I shall say upon it is That the Italians as to their Religion are Zealous Professors of the Doctrine of the Roman Church even in her grossest Errors and Superstitions and that either out of Fear of the Barbarous Inquisition or in Reference to their Ghostly Father the Pope or chiefly by being industriously kept in woful Ignorance of the Protestant Doctrine of which they are taught many false and monstiuous things The Jews are here tollerated the Publick Exercise of their Religion and at Rome there 's a Weekly Sermon for their Conversion at which one of each Family is bound to be present The Christian Faith was first preached here by St. Peter who went thither in or about the beginning of the Reign of the Emperor Claudius as is generally testifi'd by some Ancient Writers of good Account TURKY in EUROPE by R. Morden SECT VIII Concerning Turky in Europe  d. m.  Miles Situated between 36 00 of Long. its greatest Length is about 770. 53 00 between 36 30 of Latit Breadth is about 660. 49 20 Turky in Europe being divided into two Classes North the Danuube South North comprehends Hungary Chief Town Buda W. to E. Transilvania Hermanstat Valachia Tergowick Moldavia Saczow Little Tartary Crim South comprehends Romania Constantinople E. to W. Bulgaria Sophia Servia Belgrade Bosnia Bosna Seraio Sclavonia Possega Croatia Wihitz W. to S. E. Dalmatia Spalatro Greece Saloniki Of all these in Order Hungary divided into Upper North Chief Towns in Upper are Praesburge W. to S. E. upon the Danuube Newhawsel Pest Colocza Esperies N. to S. upon the Teyssa Caschaw Tokay Agria Zolnock Segedin Zatmar N. to S. on the E. of Teyssa Debreczen Great Waradin Gyulla Timesware Lower South in Lower are Raab W. to S. E. on the Danuube Gran Buda Kanischa W. to E. upon the Drave Siget Quinque Ecclesiae Stul Weissenburge aliter Alba Regalis upon Zarwiza In Transilvania The Chief Towns are Clausenburge S. to N. upon the Samos Burgles Newmark N. to S. upon the Maresh Wissenburge Hermanstat upon the Alauta In Valachia The Chief Towns are Tergvoick From N. to S. Buchorest In Moldavia The Chief Towns are Soczow From W. to E. Jazy Romani Wiwar Southward In Little Tartary The Chief Towns are Nigropoli From N. to S. Kaffa In Romania The Chief Towns are Constantinople From E. to W. Adrinople Philippipoli aliter Philiba In Bulgaria The Chief Towns are Sophia From S. to N. Silistria Nigopoli In Servia The Chief Towns are Scopia From S. to N. Guistandil Viddin Nissa From S. to N. W. upon the Marâ—wa Jagodna Belgrade From N. to S. Bracco Prisren In Bosnia The Chief Towns are Bosna-Seraio From E. to W. Jaycza Bomiahich Southward In Sclavonia The Chief Towns are Possega From W. to E. Peter-Waradin Esseck upon the Drave In Croatia The Chief Towns are Wihitsch From S. to N. Dubiza Carâ—lstat Westward In Dalmatia The Chief Towns are Nona From W. to S. E. Zara Sebenico Spalatro Narenza Ragusi Scodrant Cattaro Lastly Greece by the Turk's Rumelia comprehends the following Divisions Viz. Macedonia By the Moderns Idem Northward Albania Arnaut Thessalia Janna In the Middle Epirus Idem Achaia Livadia Peloponesus Morea lying Southward of all The Chief Towns of Macedonia are Contessa N. E. to S. W. Saloniki Zeucria Florina Cogni Albania are Scutari N. to S. Alessio Croia Durazzo Vallona Thessalia are Larissa E. to W. Tricala â—anna Epirus are Canina N. to S. Chimera Butrinto Prevesa Larta Achaia are Lepanto W. to E. Castri olim Delphi Attâ—es olim Athenae Maraton Stives olim Thebae Morea are Corinto Nigh the Sea-Coast all round the Peninsula Napoli-di-Romania Maluasia Colochina Coron Navarino Chiarenza Patrasso THIS vast Complex Body comprehending these various Countries above-mention'd and the most remarkable of 'em being Hungary Greece and Little Tartary We shall first treat of these Three separately and then conjunctly of all the rest under the General Title of the The Danubian Provinces Therefore §. 1. HUNGARY THIS Country containing a Part of Pannonia with some of Ancient Germany and Dacia is term'd by the Italians Ungharia by the Spaniards Hungria by the French Hungrie by the Germans Ungern and by the English Hungary so call'd from the Ancient Inhabitants the Hunni or Huns. The Air of this Country is generally esteem'd very
unwholesome to Breath in which is chiefly occasion'd from much Marish Ground and many Lakes wherewith this Country abounds The opposite Place of the Globe to Hungary is that part of the vast Pacifick Ocean between 218 and 233 Degrees of Longitude with 43 and 49 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 7th and 8th North Climate is very fruitful in Corn and Roots and various sorts of pleasant Fruit affording also excellent Pasturage and several of its Mountains produce some valuable Mines of Copper Iron Quicksilver Antimony and Salt Yea so noted is this Country for Mines that no less than Seven Remarkable Towns go by the Name of Mine Towns the Chief of which is Chremnuz whose Mine hath been wrought in about 900 Years The Length of the Days and Nights in Hungary is much the same as in the Southern Circles of Germany This being an Inland Country and thereby having no settl'd Trade with Foreign Parts we may reckon the Product of the Soil the Chief Commodities with which the Inhabitants deal with their Neighbours Here are many Natural Baths especially those at Buda which are reckon'd the noblest in Europe not only for their variety of Hot Springs but also the magnificency of their Buildings There are likeways two Hot Bagnio's near Transchin upon the Confines of Moravia and others at Schemnitz in Upper Hungary Besides which there are Waters in several Parts of this Country of a pettifying Nature and others that corrode Iron to such a degree that they 'll consume a Horse-shoe in twenty four Hours Near Esperies in Upper Hungary are two deadly Fountains whose Waters send forth such an infectious Steam that it kills either Beast or Bird approaching the same for the preventing of which they 're walled round and kept always cover'd Archbishopricks in this Country are those of Gran Colocza Bishopricks in this Country are those of Angria Quinque Ecclesiae Vesprin Neytracht Raab Great Waradin What Universities are establish'd in this Country since the retaking of it from the Infidels is uncertain The Hungarians more addicted to Mars than Minerva are generally lookt upon as good Soldiers being Men for the most part of a strong and well proportion'd Body valiant and daring in their Undertakings but reputed Cruel and Insulting when Conquerors The Hungarians have a peculiar Language of their own which hath little or no Affinity with those of the Neighbouring Nations save only the Sclavonic from which it hath borrow'd several Words and which is also spoken in some Parts of this Country as the German is in others Pater-Noster in the Hungarian Tongue runs thus My atyanc ki vagy az mennyekben szenteltessec mega te neved jojon el az te orszagod légven megâ te akaratod mint az menyben ugy itt ez foldonois az mimindennapi kenyirunket add meg nekunc ma es boczasd meg miné cunc az mi vet keinket miképpem miis megboczatunc azoknac az kic mi ellenunc vet keztenec es ne vigi minket az kisertetbe de szabadits meg minket az gonosztol Amen This Kingdom at present is Elective and being almost wholly recover'd from the Ottoman Slavery by the late successful Progress of the Imperial Arms is now dependent on the Jurisdiction of the Emperor who is stil'd King thereof The Assembly of the States consists of the Clergy Barons Noblemen and Free Cities who usually meet once every three Years which Assembly hath Power to elect a Palatin who by the Constitutions of the Realm ought to be a Native of Hungary and to him belongs the management of all Military Concerns as also the Administration of Justice in Affairs both Civil and Criminal See Germany The prevailing Religion in this Country is that of the Church of Rome especially since the late Conquests made by the Imperial Arms Next to it is the Doctrine of Luther and Calvin which is zealously maintain'd by great Multitudes of People and many of 'em are Persons of considerable Note Besides these are to be found most Sorts and Sects of Christians as also many Jews and Mahometans not a few This Kingdom receiv'd the Knowledge of the Blessed Gospel in the beginning of the Eleventh Century and that by the Industrious Preaching of Albert Archbishop of Prague §. 2. GREECE THIS Country formerly Graecia and Hellis is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards Grecia by the French la Grece by the Germans Griechenland and by the English Greece why so call'd is variously conjectur'd of all by our Modern Criticks but the most receiv'd Opinion is that the Name derives its Original from an Ancient Prince of that Country call'd Graecus The Air of this Country being generally Pure and Temperate is reckon'd by all to be very pleasant and healthful to â—â—eathe in The opposite Place of the Globe to Greece is that Part of the vast Pacifick Ocean between 225 and 232 Degrees of Longitude with 36 and 42 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying under the 6th North Climate is not only very fit for Pasture there being much fertil Champaign Ground but also it affords good sloâ— of Grain where duly Manur'd and abounds with excellent 〈◊〉 and other delicious Fruits The longest Day in the Noâ—â— most part of Greece is about 15 Hours the shortest in the Southmost 9 Hours ½ and the Nights proportionably 〈…〉 Commodities of this Country are reckon'd 〈…〉 Oyl Turkey-Leather Coke Soap Honey Wax c. At 〈◊〉 a little Village on the South of M. 〈◊〉 now 〈◊〉 by the 〈◊〉 are some Inscriptions which â—vince it to have been the Ancient Delphi so famous all the World over for the Oracle of Apollo 2 On the aforesaid Mountain is a pleasant Spring which having several Marble Seeps descending â—o it and many Niches made in the Rock for Statues give 〈◊〉 to think that this was the renowned â—ons Castchue or Caballinus which inspir'd as People then imagin'd the Ancient Poets 3. In Livadia the Ancient Achaia is a hideous Cavern in a Hill which was very famous of old for the Oracles of Trophonius 4. Between the large Lake of Livadia and the Eubaean Sea whose shortest distance is four Miles are upwards of forty wonderful Subterraneous Passages hewen out of the firm Rock and that quite under a huge Mountain to let the Water have a Vent otherways the Lake being surrounded with Hills and constantly suppli'd by several Rivulets from these Hills would still overflow the Adjacent Country 5. On M. Oneius in the Isthmus of Corinth are the Remains of the Isthmian Theatre being the Place where the Isthmian Games were formerly celebrated 6. Here are also some Vestigia of that Wall built by the Lacedemonians from one Sea to the other for securing the Peninsula from the Incursions of the Enemy 7. Through most Parts of Greece are still extant the Ruins of many Heathen Temples especially that of the
commonly goes now by the Name of Watling-street And in Teviotdale are some Vestigia of Roman Encampments and another Military-way vulgarly term'd the Ruggid Cawsway 2. In the Stewarty of Strathern are visible Tracts of several Roman Camps especially that at Ardoch 3 In Sterlingshire are divers Marks of the famous Roman Wall now commonly call'd Graham's Dyke which was extended over the Isthmus between the Rivers of Forth and Clyde Its Form and Manner of Building will best appear by a Draught thereof for which Vid. Camden's Britainnia late Edition page 959. 4. In Sterlingshire were likeways found some Inscriptions upon Stones relating to the Roman Wall particularly Two one whereof is now at Calder and informs us that the Legio secunda Augusta built the said Wall upwards of three Miles and another in the E. Marshal's House at Dunnotyr which hints that a Party of the Legio vicesima victrix continued it for three Miles more As for the Inscriptions themselves Vid. Cambd. page 920 and 1101. 5. Hard by the Tract of the aforesaid Wall in Sterlingshire are yet to be seen two pretty Mounts term'd by the Ancients Duni pacis as also the Remains of an Ancient Building in form of a Pyramide now call'd by the Vulgar Arthur's Oven which many reckon to have been a Temple of the God Terminus 6. Near Pasley and Renfrew are the Vestigia of a large Roman Camp the Fosses and Dykes about the Praetorium being still visible Here is also to be seen a remarkable Spring which regularly Ebbs and Flows with the Sea 7. Nigh to the City of Edenburgh is a noted Spring commonly call'd the Oily-Well the Surface of its Waters being cover'd with a kind of Oyl or Bitumen which is frequently us'd with good Success in curing Scabs and Pains proceeding from Cold. 8. Near the same City is another Fountain which goes by the Name of the Routing-Well because it usually makes a Noise before a Storm 9. Near Brechin in Aagus where the Danes receiv'd a mighty overthrow is a high Stone erected over their General 's Grave call'd Camus-Cross with another about ten Miles distance both of 'em having antique Letters and Figures upon them 10. At Slains in Aberdeenshire is a remarkable petrifying Cave commonly call'd the Dropping Cave where Water ouzing through a spungy porous Rock on the Top doth quickly consolidate after it falls in drops to the bottom 11. Near Kilross in Murray is to be seen an Obelisk of one Stone set up as a Monument of a Fight between King Malcolm Son of Keneth and Sueno the Dane 12. On the Lord Lovet's Lands in Straherrich is a Lake which never freezeth all over before the Month of February but after that time one Nights Frost will do it There 's also another call'd Lough-Monar belonging to the late Sir George Mackenzy just of the same Nature with the former and a third at Glencanigh in Strathglash which never wants Ice upon the middle Part of it even in the hottest Day of Summer 13. Towards the Northwest Part of Murray is the famous Lough-Ness which never freezeth but retaineth its natural Heat even in the extreamest Cold of Winter 14. In Lennox is Lough Lomond which is every whit as famous among the Vulgar not only for its Floating-Island but also as having Fish without Fins and being frequenly Tempestuous in a Calm 15. In divers Parts of Scotland are some noted Mineral Springs particularly those at Kinghorn and Balgrigy in Fife as also Aberdeen and Peterhead in Aberdeenshire several of which come little short of the famous Spaw-Water in the Bishoprick of Liege Lastly In most Counties of this Kingdom are many Circular Stone Monuments being a company of prodigious long Stones set on end in the Ground and that commonly in form of a Circle which are probably conjectur'd to have been either Funeral Monuments or Places of Publick Worship in times of the Ancient Druides or both Archbishopricks in this Kingdom are Two viz. those of St. Andrews Glascow Bishopricks in this Kingdom are Twelve viz. those of Edenburgh Murray Ross Galloway Dunkeld Brichen Cathness Argile Aberdeen Dumblain Orkney The Isles Universities of this Kingdom are Four viz. those of St. Adrews Edenburgh Aberdeen Glascow The Scots for the most part are an Active Prudent and Religious sort of People Many abominable Vices too common in other Countries are not so much as speculatively known among them They generally abhor all kinds of Excess in Drinking and effeminate Delicacy in Diet chusing rather to improve the Mind than pamper the Body Many of them make as great Advances in all Parts of ingenious and solid Learning as any Nation in Europe And as for their singular Fidelity although slanderously spoken of by some 'tis abundantly well-known and experienced abroad for an undoubted Demonstration thereof is publickly given to the whole World in that a Neighbouring Prince and his Predecessors for almost three hundred Years have committed the immediate Care of their Royal Persons to them without ever having the least Cause to repent or real Ground to change The Language commonly spoken in the North and North-West of this Country is a Dialect of the Irish corruptedly call'd Erse a Specimen of which shall be given when we come to Ireland In all other Parts of the Kingdom they use the English Tongue but that with considerable difference of Pronounciation in different Counties and all disagreeing with that in England except the Town of Inverness whose Inhabitants are the only People who come nearest to the true English however the Gentry and Persons of good Education usually speak English though not with the same Accent as in England yet according to its true Propriety and their manner of Writing is much the same The vulgar Language commonly call'd Broad Scotch is indeed a very corrupt sort of English and hath a great Tincture of several Foreign Tongues particularly the High German Low Dutch and French especially the last a great many words still in use among the Commonality being Originally from that Language For a Specimen of which Tongue Pater-Noster in it runs thus Ure Fader whilk art in Heven hallued bee thy Neme thy Kingdoom cumm thy Wull be doon inn Erth az it s doon inn Heven Geé uss this day ure daily Breed an forgee uss ure Sinns az we forgee them that Sinn against uss and leed uss nae intoo temtacion batt delyver uss frae evil Ameen This Kingdom hath hitherto had the good fortune to enjoy an Hereditary limited Monarchy though many times the immediate Heir or next in Blood hath been set a side and another more remote hath mounted the Throne Since its Union with England both Kingdoms are under one King who is stil'd the Monarch of Great Britain The Government of this Kingdom is chiefly manag'd by a Council of State or Privy Council consisting of those call'd properly Officers of State and others of the Nobility and Gentry whom the King pleaseth to
Saxony by 94600 Pounds In Dimension 't is eleven foot Diameter forty in Circuit and twelve High 4 In Nanking is another of eleven foot High and seven in Diamiter and weighing 50000 Pounds which also surpasseth the Bell of Erfurd weighing only 25400 Pounds yet hitherto suppos'd the greatest in the World by almost double its weight 5. In China are several Vulcano's particularly that Mountain call'd Lincsung which vomits out Fire and Ashes so furiously as frequently to raise some hideous Tempests in the Air. 6. Here are some Rivers whose Waters are cold at the top but warm beneath as also several remarkable Fountains which send forth so hot a Steam that People usually boil Meat over them 7. In this Country are several Lakes remarkable for changing Copper into Iron or making it just of the like resemblance as also for causing Storms when any thing is thrown into them 8. In the Island Haman there is said to be Water uncertain whether in Lake River or Fountain of such a strange quality that it petrifies some sort of Fishes when they unfortunately chance to enter into it 9. Many are those Triumphal Arches to be seen in most of the noted Cities of this Empire erected in Honour of such Persons as have either done some signal pieces of Service to the State or have been conspicuous in their times for their singular Knowledge 10. In this Country are several remarkable Bridges particularly that over a a River call'd Sâ—ffruny which reaches from one Mountain to another being Four hundred Cubits long and Five hundred high and all but one Arch whence 't is call'd by Travellers Pons volans Here likewise is another of Six hundred and sixty Perches in length and one and a half broad standing upon Three hundred Pillars without any Arches Lastly In China are many very observable Plants Animals and Fossils especially the last among which is the Asbestos But for a particular Account of ' em Vid. Kircherus's China Illustrata Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities are hardly to be expected her however this Country according to the Testimony of Popish Missionaries is furnisht with some of these Pekin Nanquin and Macao having each of 'em a particular Bishop nominated by the King of Portugal and the other Provinces are under the Jurisdiction of three Apostolical Vicars Under which Ecclesiastical Superiors there are by their Relations above Two hundred Churches or Private Chappels dedicated to the True God The Chinois Persons for the most part of a fair Complexion short Nosed black Eyed and of very thin Beards are great Lovers of Sciences and generally esteem'd a very ingenious sort of People They 're said to have had the use of Printing and Guns long before either of 'em was known in Europe Many of 'em are great Proficients in several Parts of the Mathematicks especially Arithmetick Geometry and Astronomy and so conceited are they of their own Knowledge in these things and so mean are their Thoughts of others that 't is generally reported of 'em that speaking of themselves they commonly say That they have two Eyes the Europeans one and the rest of the World none at all They who wholly apply themselves to the study of Sciences and make such proficiency in them as to become Doctors to others are distinguish'd by their long Nails suffering 'em sometimes to grow as long as their Fingers that being esteem'd a singular Characteristick of a profound Scholar and a differencing mark between them and Mechanicks The Language of the Chinois is extremely difficult to be acquir'd by Strangers and differeth from all others both as to its Nature Pronunciation and way of Writing 1. It s Nature They use no Alphabet as Europeans do and are astonish'd to hear that by Twenty four Letters we can express our Thoughts and fill Libraries with Books In lieu of an Alphabet they formerly us'd Hieroglyphicks setting down the Images of things for the things themselves but this being extreamly tedious and likeways defective there being no such Resemblances of pure Abstracts they then made Characters to signify Words numbring them according to the number of Words they needed to express their Idea's which Characters arise to such a prodigious multitude that not only Strangers but even the Natives themselves sind it a very difficult matter to acquire an intimate acquaintance with them all 2. It s Pronounciation Although all the Original Terms of this Tongue are Three hundred and thirty three yet such is their peculiar way of pronouncing them that the same Term admits of various and even contrary Significations according to the various Accent in pronouncing of it And of these Accenrs there are five applicable to every Term which extremely augments the difficulty of either speaking or understanding this Tongue to perfection besides the Pronunciation thereof is accompanied with such variety of Motions of the Hand that a mute Person can speak almost intelligibly by his Fingers And as to the Manner of Writing they differ from all other Nations for whereas Christians write from the Left hand to the Right and the Jews from the Right to the Left they usually make their Lines from the top of the Page down to the bottom This Great Kingdom was formerly under its own particular King or Emperor but of late over-run and conquer'd by the Tartars to whom it 's at present subject acknowledging due Allegiance to the Great Cham whose Government is as Despotical as any of the Oriental Monarchs for he hath full Power over the Lives of his Subjects the Princes of the Blood not excepted His bare Word is the Law and his Commands admit of no delay nor neglect He is seldom seen and never spoke with but upon the Knees Upon his Death-bed he may choose his Successor out of what Family he pleaseth For the better managing the great Affairs of this mighty Empire he 's assisted by two Sovereign Councils one Extraordinary compos'd of Princes of the Blood only and the other Ordinary which besides the Princes doth consist of several Ministers of State call'd Colaos But over and above these two Councils there are at Pekin six Sovereign Courts whose Authority extend over all the Empire and to each of 'em belong different Matters viz. 1. Is that Court call'd Lupou which presides over all the Mandarins and confers upon or takes from them their Offices 2. Hoâ—pou which looks after the Publick Treasury and takes care of raising the Taxes 3. Lipou which inspects into Ancient Customs and to it is committed the care of Religion Sciences and Foreign Affairs 4. Pimpou which hath charge of the Soldiery and other Officers 5. Himpou which enquires and passes Sentence in all Criminal Matters Lastly Compou which looks after all Publick Buildings as the Emperor's Palaces and such like In each of these Courts the Emperor hath one who may be term'd a Private Censor it being his business to observe all that passeth and to acquaint him faithfully therewith which makes all Persons
the same in Manners with the respective People of Europe from whence they came The chief of the Indian Tongues in this Peninsula is that call'd the Malaye mostly us'd in Malacca but besides the various Indian Tongues both in the Mogul's Empire and the two Peninsula's the Portugueze Language is commonly understood and spoken in all Maritime Towns of Trade it being the chief Language that 's us'd in daily Commerce between the Franks and Natives of that Country In this Peninsula are a great many different States and Kingdoms particularly that of Pegu a very rich Kingdom subject to its own Monarch whose Sovereignty is acknowledg'd by divers other considerable â—ates as Asem Aracan and Tipra besides the Ancient Brachmans and other People living on the West of China as the Layes Timocoues Gueâ—es and Ciocangaes all Tributary to him Here also are the rich and flourishing Kingdoms of Tunquin and Cochinchin especially the former whose King is esteem'd a mighty Potent Prince able to bring into the Field vast multitudes of Men upon all occasions And lastly The King of Siam to whom a great many Princes are Tributary is esteem'd one of the richest and most Potent Monarchs of all the East and assumes as some alledge the Title of the King of Heaven and Earth and yet notwithstanding of his mighty Force and Treasure he is said to be Tributary to the Tartars and to pay them yearly a certain kind of Homage We find no satisfactory Account of what Ensigns Armorial are born by these Eastern Princes or if any at all The Inhabitants of this Peninsula are generally great Idolaters Those of Siam are said to maintain Pythagoras's Metempsychosis and commonly adore the four Elements Wheresoever Mahometanism prevails 't is generally intermixt with many Pagan Rites and Ceremonies as particularly in Cambodia on the River Menan in which City are almost three hundred stately Mosques not only well furnisht with excellent Bells contrary to the Turkish Custom elsewhere but also with a great many Idols of all sorts In the Kingdom of Pegu they have a great Opinion of the Sanctity of Apes and Crocodiles believing those Persons very happy who are devoured by them They observe yearly five Solemn Festivals call'd in their Language Sapans and distinguish'd by the Names of Giachie Cateano-Giaimo Segienou Daiche and Donon Their Priests are call'd Raulini and are divided into three Orders distinguish'd by the Names of Pungrini Pangiani and Xoxom They have also many Hermits whom they divided into Grepi Manigrepi and Taligrepi who are all in great esteem among the People Christianity was planted here much about the same time with the other Peninsula already mention'd SECT IV. Concerning Persia  d. m. Situated between 70 30 of Long. It s greatest Length from E. to W is about 1440 Miles 97 00 between 25 40 of Latit Breadth from N. to S. is about 1260 Miles 44 30 It 's divided into many Provinces but chiefly those towards the North viz. Scirvant Chief Town Derbent W. to E. Giland Gilan Cherassan Heret Middle viz. Erach Ispahan W. to E. Sablestan Bost Sigistan Sitzistan South viz. Cusistan Susa W. to E. Fars Schiras Kirman Gombroon Macran Titz THIS Country known to the Ancients by the same Name and some others but of a much larger Extent than at present is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards Persia by the French Perse by the Germans Persien and by the English Persia so call'd as many alledge from one of its Ancient Provinces nam'd Persis or according to others from Perses an Illustrious Lord in the Country of Elam who for his Merit is said to have obtain'd the Government of the People and to have call'd both Country and Inhabitants after his Name But finally others do eagerly plead for an Hebrew Etymology deriving the Name from the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. Equites For 't is reported of the Inhabitants of this Country that before the Reign of Cyrus the Great they seldom us'd to Ride or knew very little how to manage a Horse and that such was their Dexterity afterwards in managing Horses that this Country is said to assume its Name from that Animal For the strengthning of which Opinion they farther observe that the Title of Persia is not found in those Books of Holy Scripture which were written before the time of Cyrus The Air of this Country is very temperate especially towards the North beyond the vast Mountain of Taurus but in the Southern Provinces 't is scorching hot for several Months The opposite Place of the Globe to Persia is part of Mare del Zur between 250 and 280 Degrees of Longitude with 25 and 40 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 3d and 4th North Climate is very different for in the Northern Parts adjacent to Tartary and the Caspian Sea the Ground is very barren producing but little Corn and few Fruits But South of Mount Taurus the Soil is said to be extraordinary fertil the Country pleasant and plentiful of Corn Fruits Wines c. affording also some rich Mines of Gold and Silver The longest Day in the Northmost Parts is about 14 Hours ¾ the shortest in the Southmost is 13 Hours ¼ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are curious Silks Carpets Tissues Manufactures of Gold Silk and Silver Seal-Skins Goat-Skins Alabaster and all sorts of Metals Myrrh Fruits c. This Country among its chief Rarities doth yet boast of the very Ruins of the once proud Palace of Persepolis so famous of old and now call'd by the Inhabitants Chil-manor signifying forty Pillars which imports that so many were standing some Ages ago but at present there 's only nineteen remaining together with the Ruins of above eighty more Those Pillars yet standing are of excellent Marble and about fifteen Foot high for a particular Draught of 'em with the Copy of several Inscriptions in unknown Characters Vid. Philos Trans N. 201 and 210. 2. In the City of Ispahan is a large Pillar sixty Feet high consisting purely of the Skulls of Beasts erected by Shaw Abas the Great upon a Sedition of his Nobles who vowed to rear up a Column of their Heads as a Monument of their Obloquy to after Ages if they persisted in Disobedience but they surrendring upon Discretion he ordered each of 'em to bring the decollated Head of some Beast and lay at his Feet which was accordingly done and of them he made the aforesaid Pillar in lieu of a Column of their own Heads 3. One of the Emperor's Gardens at Ispahan is so sweet and delicate a place that it commonly goes by the Name of Heste Behest i e. Paradice upon Earth and the Royal Sepulchres of the Persian Monarchs are indeed so stately that they deserve to be mention'd here 4. About thirty Miles North East of Gombroon is a most hidious Cave which for its formidable Aspect is term'd Hell's
whose Top are four Apples of solid pure Gold which all together weigh seven hundred Pounds weight and in another Court of the said Palace is a prodigious high Tower so contriv'd that the Emperor can mount up to the Top of it on Horse-back 5. In the City of Fez is that famous Mosque call'd Caruven which is said to be almost half a Mile in Circuit and furnisht with thirty Gates of a prodigious bigness It hath above three hundred Cisterns to wash in before they go to Prayers and in it are upwards of nine hundred Lamps which are commonly lighted and burn every Night 6 Over a certain River call'd Sabu as it runs between two Hills term'd Beni-jasga and Silego is a remarkable Bridge or rather a ready way of passing from one side of the River to the other and that by the help of two large Stakes fixt fast in the Ground on either side one between which are extended two strong Ropes and to one of them is ty'd a kind of a big Basket able to contain ten Men into which the Passengers being entred and pulling one of the Ropes which runs by a Pulley they waft themselves over much sooner than we Europeans can pass either by Bridge or Boat Vid. Dapper 's late Description of Africa Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Barbarians thus Characteriz'd of old by Herodian Mauri inquâ—t ills Genus sunt hominum suapte naturâ coedit avidissimum nihilque non facile audens despèratis sinâ—les contemptu scilices mortis periculorum are now a People that 's generally very Inconstant Crafty and Unfaithful Active of Body Impatient of Labour and Covetous of Honour Some of 'em â—re Studious in Matters of their Law and others are enclin'd to the Liberal Sciences especially Philosophy and the Mathematicks The Inhabitants of Sallee Tripoli and Algiers are mightily given to Pyracy and many of the Moroccos are much addicted to Merchandizing Dispers'd through all these Countries are the Arabs who especially in Barca exercise their common Trade of robbing and molesting Travellers on the Highway In most of the Sea-Port Towns and over all the Countries bordering on the Sea the prevailing Language is Arabesque or corrupt Arabick In the City of Morocco and several other Places they still retain their Ancient Language or rather a corrupt Dialect of the old African The trading People especially in their Dealing with Strangers do use a certain Jargon compounded chiefly of Spanish and Portugueze not unlike to the Lingua Franca among the Turks This large Country comprehending several Kingdoms and Provinces is chiefly under the Great Turk and Emperor of Morocco To the latter belong the Kingdoms of Morocco and Fez and to him are ascrib'd or rather he assumeth the following Titles viz. Emperor of Africa King of Morocco Fez Sus and Taffalet Lord of Gago Dara and Guinea and Great Xeriff of Mahomet The other Kingdoms or Provinces of this Country are mostly subject to the Great Turk and are govern'd by his particular Bassa's set over 'em only Tunis and Algiers two considerable Commonwealths or rather distinct Kingdoms though each of 'em hath their respective Bassa appointed by the Grand Signior yet they 're so eager in maintaining their Liberties and Priviledges that those Bassa's are little more than meer Cyphers For in the former of these the Inhabitants have a Power of chusing their own Governor or Captain term'd the Dey who Rules the Kingdom Constitutes Cadi's and passeth Sentence in all Affairs whether Civil or Criminal The Divan of Tunis is compos'd of one Aga one Chaya twelve Odabachi twenty four Bouloubachi two Secretaries and four Chiaoux who judge in all Matters after they have heard the Sentiment of the Dey who may accept or reject their Advice as he thinks fit As for Aegiers The Government thereof is lodg'd in the Hands of the Army particularly the Officers of the Janizaries of whom the Council of State is compos'd and of it the Aga of the Janizaries is President It 's true the Grand Signior keeps always in this Place a Bassa with the Title of Vice-Roy but he 's at best but a meer Shadow for he may not so much as enter the great Divan unless invited by the whole Council and when admitted he hath but one single Voice and can only advise in Matters Besides these two Potent Republicks of this Country there 's another viz. That of Tripolt but it is intirely subject to the Grand Signior who governs the same by a particular Bassa sent from the Ottoman Court and renew'd every third Year He is honour'd with the Standart of Tunis and the Title of Beglerbeg The chief Independent Potentate in these Countries being the Emperor of Fez and Morocco he bears for Arms Three Wheels Argent As for the rest of Barbary Vid Turky in Europe page 182. The establisht Religion of this Country is Mahometanism but the Inhabitants of Morocco differ from other Mahometans in several considerable Points particularly those maintain'd by the Followers of Hamet the first of the present Race of the Morocco Emperors who was at first a kind of Monk and quitting his Retirement A. C. 1514. began publickly to Preach to the People that the Doctrine of Hali and Omar and other Interpreters of the Law was only Humane Traditions besides several other things of that Nature which occasion'd such Animosities between other Turks and the Morocco's that a Turkish Slave with them is no whit better treated than a Christian There are also many Persons in and about Algiers who likeways differ from other Mahometans in divers Particulars Some of 'em maintain that to fast seven or eight Months doth merit Eternal Happiness That Idiots are the Elect of God That Sins against Nature are Virtues That the Marabouts among 'em are inspir'd by the Devil and yet they account it an honourable thing to be defil'd by one of ' em These and many other such ridiculous Follies do they believe and avouch The Christian Faith was first planted in this Country by some of the seventy Disciples and St. Simon the Apostle Sirnam'd Zelotis SECT III. Concerning Bildulgerid  d. m. Situated between 02 00 of Long. It s greatest Length from W to E. is about 2040 Miles 55 00 between 22 30 of Latit Breadth from N. to S. is about 300 Miles 32 40 Bildulgerid comprehends the Provinces of Tesset Chief Town Idem From W. to E. Dara Idem Segelmess Idem Tegorarin Idem Zeb Teulachar Bildulgerid prop. so call'd Caphesa Desart of Barca None considerable THIS Country the Ancient Numidia is term'd by the Italians Spaniards French Germans and English Bildulgerid so call'd from the vast numbers of Dates it produceth the Name in the Arabick Tongue signifying a Date The Air of this Country is very hot but generally esteem'd abundantly wholesome to breath in The opposite Place of the Globe to Bildulgerid is that part of Mare de'l Zur and More Pacificum lying between 182
and Angola have each of 'em a peculiar Language of their own In the Eastern Divisions particularly Ajan and Abex the Arabian with Variation of Dialect doth chiefly prevail but the Language in use among those of the Cafres especially the Hotantots doth seem to be only a confus'd and inarticulate Noise and Bellowing The various Divisions of this great Body are subjected to various Sovereigns particularly the Kingdoms of Biafara and Congo are rul'd by their own Kings to whom several Princes are subject The Empires of Monomotapa and Monoemungi are govern'd by their respective Emperors who are reckon'd powerful Princes and to them several Kings are Tributary The People inhabiting the South and South-East Coasts of this great Body except those of the Cafres who know little or nothing of Government are subject to several Princes as Zanguebar is govern'd by some petty Kings of its own and many Places on the Sea Coasts are Tributary to the Portugueses The Coast of Abex doth principally belong to the Turk And lastly Ajan is partly under the Turk and partly it s own Kings The numerous Inhabitants of these many Countries are generally gross Idolaters excepting those of Zanguebar Ajan and Abex who incline to Mahometanism and some on the Coasts of the Cafres particularly the Hottantots abovemention'd do live without any sign of Religion being destitute both of Priest and Temple and never shew any token of Devotion among 'em except we reckon their Dancing at the Full and New Moon for such In the Kingdom of Loango the generarality of People entertain a certain faint Idea of God whom they term Sambian-Pongo but being sunk into the blackest Idolatry they admit of many ridiculous Superstitions in their way of Worship However the Inhabitants of Malemba in the same Kingdom do vastly surpass their Neighbours and by some wonderful Marks of Natural Religion do publickly baffle their gross Stupidity for of them we 're credibly inform'd that they set apart every fifth Day for Publick Worship at which times one of reputed Integrity makes a Publick Oration deterring them from the Commission of Murther Stealth Impurity or such like and to enforce his Exhortation he backs the same with the powerful Topicks of Rewards and Punishments in a Future State affrighting their Conscience with a miserable State in the Society of Benimbe i. e. the Devil on one hand and solacing their Minds on the other with the hopes of enjoying Zammampoango by which they mean God or the Maker of this Visible World They likeways use Circumcision admitting their Children into their Religion by that Ceremony which is perform'd by one of themselves set apart for that Office SECT IX Concerning the African Islands The African Islands being More remarkable as Madagascar The Isles of Cape Verde The Canary Islands The Madera Less remarkable as Zocotora Isles of Comore S. Thomas The Princess Island Anobon S. Helena The Isle of Ascension Madagascar containing many Provinces but very uncertain it s Chief Town is Fanshere upon the S. E. part of the Island Islands of Cape Verde are St. Anthony W. to E. Chief Town of all is S. Jago in the Isle S. Jago S. Vincent S. Lucia S. Nicolas Insula de Sal Bonavista N. E. to S. W. Mago Jago Insula del Fuego Brava The Canary Islands are Lancerota From E. to W. Chief Town of all is Canaria in the Island Canaria Forte ventura Canaria Teneriffe Gomera Ferro Palma Madera lying in 32 deg 30 min. North Latitude It s Chief Town is Tunchal or Tonzal THE most remarkable of the African Islands being here reduc'd to Four Classes viz. Madagascar Cape Verde Islands the Canaries and Madera we shall particularly consider them and then take a General View of all the rest Therefore §. 1. Madagascar THIS Island unknown to the Ancients is term'd by the Spaniards Isla de San Lorenzo by the French St Laurence otherways Dauphine by the Italians Germans and English Madagascar which Name was us'd by the Natives and still retain'd As to the Title of St. Laurence the same was given to this Island by the Portugueses it being on St. Laurence Day that they made their first Discovery of it The Air of this Island is generally very temperate and by most affirm'd to be exceeding wholesome to breath in The opposite Place of the Globe to Madagascar is the South Part of California The Soil of this Island is extraordinary fruitful in many Parts thereof affording all things necessary for the Life of Man in great plenty The length of the Days and Nights in Madagascar is the same as in Monoemungi they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of this Island are Rice Hides Wax Gums Christal Steel Copper Ebony and Wood of all sorts Towards the Eastern Part of this Island is a pleasant and fertil Valley call'd Ambouse which is stockt with several rich Mines of Iron and Steel and yields great store of the Oyl of Sejanum 2. Nigh to the aforesaid Valley is an excellent Medicinal Well of hot Water which proves a ready Cure for Cold Distempers in the Limbs 3 In the same Neighbourhood is a high Mountain on whose Top is a remarkable Spring of very Salt Water though upwards of thirty Leagues from the Sea 4. In this Island especially the Southern Provinces are most sorts of Mineral Waters very different both in Colour Taste and Qualities and some places afford large Pits of Bitumen 5. In this Island is also a River whose Gravel is so exceeding hot that there 's no treading upon it and yet the Water of that River is extreamly hot The Natives of Madagascar are reported to be a Lecherous Ignorant Inhospitable and Treacherous Sort of People they hate Polygamy and still punish Murder by Death Divers singular Customs prevail in several Parts of this Island particularly these two First If any Woman be safely delivered of a live Child and afterwards dye in Child-Bed the living Child is buried with the dead Mother being better say they that the Child should dye than live having no Mother to look after it The other is The exposing of their Children to wild Beasts if brought forth upon an unlucky Day as they term it or during some unfortunate Aspects of the Planets as their Ombiasses or Priests pretend to tell them So numerous are those Days they reckon unlucky that almost one half of the Year is accounted such and hence it is that this Island is so thinly stockt with Inhabitants Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Language here commonly us'd is as barbarous as they who speak it Almost every Province hath its peculiar Dialect yet not so different but that they understand one another so that the Natives of this Island may be said to have but one Tongue in common among 'em all This Island is subject to many particular Lords commonly call'd Rohandrians who are continually at War among themselves
call'd by the Portugucze at their first Discovery of it Anno 1429. because wholly over grown with Trees the word Madeira signifying a Wood. The Air of Maderas being very Temperate considering the Latitude of the Island is generally esteem'd very healthful to breath in That Place of the Globe opposite to Madera is part of the vast Occidental Ocean between 180 and 182 Degrees of Longitude with 32 and 33 Degrees of Southern Latitude The Soil of this Island is very fertil producing in great plenty most sorts of excellent Fruits and a kind of Wine that 's much esteem'd off being fit to keep for a long time both by Sea and Land The length of the Days and Nights in this Island is much the same as in Zaara on the main Continent they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of this Island are excellent Wine and most sorts of desirable Fruits as also Honey and Wax c. What mostly deserves the Epithet of Rare on this Island is that excellent Quality either of its Air or Soil or both which like our Neighbouring Island Ireland proves mortal to all Venomous Animals none such being found here or able to live if brought thither from abroad In the side of a Hill nigh Fonzal is a remarkable Fountain whose Waters do sometimes issue forth in such abundance that the adjacent Parts of the Island are then subject to a terrible Inundation Archbishopricks None One Bishoprick viz. that of Fonzal or Funchale which is Suffragan to Lisbon The Inhabitants of this Island being Portugueze are much the same in Manners with those on the Continent but more vitiously enclin'd if that can be well suppos'd being mighty Proficients in their common Crimes of Theft and Murther The Portugueze here residing do still retain their own Language This Island belonging to the Crown of Portugal is rul'd by a particular Deputy whose place of Residence is commonly at Tonza The Inhabitants of this Island being Portugueze as aforesaid are of the same Religion with that publickly profess'd in the Kingdom of Portugal Having thus considered in particular the most remarkable of the African Islands proceed we now in pursuance of our propos'd Method to take a General View of all the rest or those that are less remarkable Now such Islands to be very brief being strangely scatter'd up and down the Ethiopick and Atlantick Oceans do mightily differ in their Air and Soil according to the various Climates they lie in and in none of 'em is any remarkable place except only the Isle of Zocotora in which is a Town of the same Name As for the chief Observables relating to their Inhabitants particularly their Manners Language and Religion we may sufficiently learn the same only by naming those several States or Sovereigns on the Continent to whom these Islands belong they being generally peopl'd and possess'd by some of them Their present Possessors then in short are as followeth Less remarkable Islands being Zocotora is possess'd by the Arabians Comore the Natives St. Thomas the Portuguexe The Princes Island the Portugueze Annobon the Portugueze St. Helena the English Ascension Island not inhabited And so much for Africa and the African Islands Now followeth CHAP. IV. Of AMERICA Divided page 44. into North comprehending Mexico or N. Spain Capital City Mexico N. Mex or Granada S. Fee Florida Coca Terra Canadensis Boston Terra Arctica South comprehending Terra Firma S. Feede Bagota Peru Lima. Land of the Amazons Brasil S. Salvador Chyli S. Jago Paraguay Assumption Terra Magellanica Terra Antarctica To these add the American Islands Of all which in Order Therefore SECT I. Concerning Mexico or New Spain  d. m. Situated between 259 00 of Long. its greatest Length from S. E to N. W. is about 2520 Miles 297 00 between 08 50 of Latit Breadth from E. to W. is about 840 Miles 30 00 Divided into Audience of Guadalajara C. T. Idem N. W. to S. E. Audience of Mexico Idem Audience of Guatimala S. Jago de Guat Guadalajara comprehends the Provinces of Cinalod Chief Town S. Juan In the Midland from N. to S. New Biscay Barbara Zacaticas Zacatecas Guadalajara Idem Chiameltan St. Sebastian On the Sea Coast from N. to S. Xalisco Compostella Mexico comprehends the Provinces of Panuco Idem On Sinus Mexicanus from N. W. to S. E. Mexico Idem Mechoacan Idem Los Angelos Idem Antequera Idem Tabasco Port Royal Jucutan Merida Guatimala comprehends the Provinces of Soco Nusco Guevetland from N. W. to S. E. on the South Sea Guatimald S. Jago de Guat Nicaragua Leon Cost a Rica Carthago Veragua Conception Honduras New Valladolid From S. E. on N. W. upon Sinus Mexic Vera Pax Idem Chiapa Cividad real THIS Country discovered at first by John Grijalve but more exactly view'd and at last conquered by the Valiant Ferdinando Cortez Anno 15 18. is term'd by the Italians Spagna Novella by the Spaniards Nueva Espana by the French Nouvelle Espagne by the Germans Neu Spanien and by the English Mexico or New Spain call'd Mexico from the chief City thereof and New Spain to distinguish it from the Kingdom of Spain in Europe Notwithstanding this Country for the most part lieth within the Torrid Zone yet the Air is very temperate and generally reckon'd extraordinary wholsome to breath in being qualifi'd with refreshing Showers in the hottest Months and cool Breezes from the Sea all the Year The opposite Place of the Globe to New Spain is part of the East-India Ocean lying between 80 and 117 Degrees of Longitude with 8 and 30 Degrees of South Latitude This Country lying in the 3d and 4th North Climate is bless'd with a very fertil Soil producing many sorts of Grain as Wheat Barley Pulse and Maize several kinds of Fruits as Pomegranats Oranges Lemons Citrons Malicatons Cherries Pears Apples Figs Cocoa-Nuts and great plenty of Herbs Plants and Roots Here also are some rich Mines of Gold and Silver and vast and spacious Plains affording the best of Pasturage The longest Day in the Northmost Part of this Country is about 13 Hours ¾ the shortest in the Southmost 12½ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Wooll Cotton Sugar Silk Cochencel Feathers Honey Balm Amber Salt Tallow Hides Tobacco Ginger and divers Medicinal Drugs About three Leagues from Guayaca is the Stump of a Hollow Tree call'd Tlaco-Chavoya which was of a prodigious bigness when intire being then reckon'd sixteen Fathoms in compass near the Root and somewhat higher twelve Before 't was Thunder struck which occasion'd the hollowness no fewer than a thousand Men 't is said could conveniently shelter themselves from Rain under its wide extended Boughs 2 In several Parts of this Country grows a certain Tree call'd Maguey which may be said to yield Water Oyl Wine Honey and Vinegar For the Body of the Tree being big and hollow