frederic_n augustus_n the_o present_a king_n of_o poland_n the_o history_n of_o poland_n in_o several_a letter_n to_o person_n of_o quality_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o that_o kingdom_n viz._n historical_a political_n physical_a and_o ecclesiastical_a the_o form_n of_o government_n the_o king_n power_n court_n and_o revenue_n the_o senate_n senators_z and_o other_o officer_n the_o religion_n diet_n and_o little_a diet_n with_o other_o assembly_n and_o court_n of_o justice_n the_o inter-regnum_fw-la election_n and_o coronation_n of_o a_o king_n and_o queen_n with_o all_o the_o ceremony_n the_o present_a condition_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o commonalty_n as_o likewise_o the_o genius_n character_n language_n custom_n manner_n military_a affair_n trade_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o pole_n together_o with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o city_n of_o dantzic_n the_o origin_n progress_n and_o present_a state_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n and_o the_o succession_n of_o all_o its_o great_a master_n likewise_o the_o present_a state_n of_o learning_n natural_a knowledge_n practice_n of_o physic_n and_o diseale_v in_o poland_n and_o last_o a_o succinct_a description_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o curland_n and_o the_o livonian_a order_n with_o a_o series_n of_o the_o several_a duke_n and_o provincial_a master_n to_o this_o be_v also_o add_v a_o table_n for_o each_o volume_n and_o a_o sculpture_n of_o the_o diet_n in_o session_n with_o some_o memoirs_fw-fr from_o baron_fw-fr blomberg_n vol._n ii_o by_o bernard_n connor_n m._n d._n fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n and_o member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o physician_n who_o in_o his_o travel_n in_o that_o country_n collect_v these_o memoir_n from_o the_o best_a author_n and_o his_o own_o observation_n compose_v and_o publish_a by_o â—ir_n savage_a london_n print_v for_o daâ—_n brown_a without_o templ-bar_n '_o and_o a._n roper_n and_o t._n leigh_n both_o in_o il_fw-fr et-street_n 1698._o d_o r._n connor_n '_o saint_n preface_n in_o my_o preface_n to_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o this_o historical_a relation_n of_o poland_n i_o have_v mention_v my_o incapacity_n for_o matter_n of_o this_o nature_n both_o because_o i_o be_v only_o twelve_o month_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o because_o i_o have_v no_o talon_n or_o genius_n for_o history_n i_o think_v write_v it_o by_o way_n of_o letter_n in_o imitation_n of_o some_o of_o our_o neighbour_n will_v be_v more_o easy_a to_o myself_o and_o more_o acceptable_a to_o the_o public_a i_o be_o proud_a to_o have_v this_o happy_a occasion_n of_o give_v the_o honourable_a person_n i_o write_v to_o so_o public_a a_o testimony_n of_o my_o respect_n i_o be_o sorry_a in_o the_o same_o time_n i_o can_v have_v leisure_n to_o honour_v myself_o in_o write_v to_o the_o noble_a person_n mention_v in_o the_o second_o volume_n as_o i_o have_v have_v in_o the_o first_o i_o follow_v a_o profession_n so_o remote_a from_o history_n particular_o a_o polish_v one_o that_o it_o neither_o allow_v i_o time_n nor_o leave_v i_o any_o inclination_n to_o attend_v any_o other_o business_n i_o hope_v notwithstanding_o the_o person_n i_o promise_v to_o write_v to_o will_v be_v please_v to_o excuse_v i_o for_o not_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v my_o word_n to_o they_o as_o i_o flatter_v myself_o i_o can_v since_o the_o ingenious_a gentleman_n i_o desire_v to_o undertake_v this_o work_n will_v give_v they_o the_o same_o satisfaction_n he_o have_v already_o assist_v i_o in_o my_o first_o volume_n and_o have_v have_v all_o my_o memoirs_fw-fr for_o this_o second_o the_o ancient_n and_o present_a state_n of_o poland_n part_n ii_o the_o present_a state_n letter_n i._n to_o his_o grace_n thomas_n lord_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n of_o the_o form_n of_o the_o government_n in_o poland_n and_o of_o the_o king_n power_n court_n and_o revenue_n my_o lord_n that_o high_a station_n wherewith_o the_o king_n have_v recompense_v your_o merit_n and_o the_o great_a trust_v his_o majesty_n have_v repose_v in_o your_o grace_n during_o his_o absence_n show_v his_o confidence_n in_o your_o ability_n as_o well_o to_o govern_v the_o state_n as_o the_o church_n since_o therefore_o be_v late_o invest_v with_o a_o share_n of_o the_o regal_a authority_n you_o have_v occasion_n to_o know_v more_o intimate_o our_o king_n power_n and_o prerogatives_n i_o think_v myself_o oblige_v to_o give_v your_o grace_n a_o account_n of_o those_o of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o the_o end_n that_o compare_v both_o together_o you_o may_v more_o sensible_o perceive_v the_o excellency_n of_o our_o own_o constitution_n which_o make_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o king_n inseparable_a from_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o people_n for_o when_o the_o executive_a power_n be_v as_o vigilant_a to_o see_v our_o law_n obey_v as_o the_o legislative_a have_v be_v provident_a in_o make_v they_o england_n can_v just_o boast_v of_o a_o much_o great_a happiness_n than_o either_o poland_n or_o any_o other_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n 1698._o have_v my_o lord_n not_o be_v a_o full_a twelve_o month_n at_o the_o late_a king_n of_o poland_n court_n i_o can_v pretend_v to_o be_v thorough_o acquaint_v with_o that_o kingdom_n yet_o i_o find_v that_o like_o most_o other_o country_n it_o have_v undergo_v several_a change_n in_o its_o constitution_n since_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o vith_o century_n at_o which_o time_n it_o begin_v to_o be_v a_o distinct_a nation_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o two_o great_a house_n of_o piastus_n and_o jagello_n poland_n ever_o since_o the_o time_n of_o lechus_n its_o founder_n the_o king_n thereof_o have_v be_v elect_v to_o the_o crown_n after_o a_o hereditary_a manner_n though_o not_o by_o a_o hereditary_a title_n they_o have_v real_o be_v absolute_a and_o their_o will_n go_v for_o a_o law_n for_o than_o they_o make_v peace_n and_o war_n when_o they_o please_v levy_v as_o many_o troop_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a punish_v or_o pardon_v at_o pleasure_n and_o reward_v where_o they_o see_v convenient_a and_o all_o the_o administration_n either_o of_o public_a or_o private_a affair_n be_v so_o whole_o lodge_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n that_o i_o have_v hear_v the_o pole_n themselves_o say_v that_o sigismond_n ii_o 1574._o the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o jagellonic_a family_n be_v to_o the_o full_a as_o absolute_a as_o either_o the_o king_n of_o france_n or_o denmark_n be_v now_o whilst_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n thus_o maintain_v thereby_o a_o supreme_a power_n over_o their_o subject_n they_o exceed_o enlarge_v their_o dominion_n be_v both_o fear_v abroad_o and_o belove_v at_o home_n command_v potent_a and_o numerous_a army_n into_o the_o field_n execute_v most_o erterprise_n speedy_o and_o be_v almost_o always_o sure_o of_o success_n and_o this_o because_o they_o do_v not_o then_o as_o now_o depend_v upon_o the_o linger_a determination_n and_o tedious_a conclusion_n of_o a_o turbulent_a diet._n but_o the_o family_n of_o jagello_n be_v once_o extinct_a by_o the_o death_n of_o sigismond_n ii_o who_o have_v resign_v his_o kingdom_n to_o the_o senate_n and_o polish_v gentry_n and_o give_v they_o full_a power_n and_o authority_n to_o dispose_v thereof_o as_o they_o think_v fit_a the_o crown_n of_o poland_n be_v anew_o declare_v elective_a to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o christendom_n who_o have_v due_a merit_n and_o qualification_n may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o aspire_v thereunto_o gentry_n this_o give_v occasion_n to_o most_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o europe_n ever_o since_o to_o court_v the_o polish_v nobility_n after_o their_o king_n death_n and_o that_o either_o to_o get_v the_o succeed_a election_n determine_v in_o their_o own_o favour_n or_o else_o to_o have_v some_o of_o their_o friend_n advance_v to_o that_o great_a dignity_n but_o this_o most_o common_o rather_o with_o regard_n to_o their_o own_o private_a interest_n than_o out_o of_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o person_n they_o desire_v to_o promote_v as_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o bourbon_n have_v always_o practise_v thereupon_o the_o gentry_n of_o poland_n therefore_o observe_v that_o several_a prince_n at_o a_o time_n always_o aspire_v to_o their_o crown_n and_o consider_v that_o not_o one_o of_o they_o have_v more_o right_o than_o the_o rest_n as_o likewise_o that_o it_o lay_v altogether_o in_o their_o power_n to_o choose_v who_o they_o please_v resolve_v unanimous_o to_o elect_n none_o but_o such_o as_o shall_v condescend_v nay_o swear_v to_o observe_v the_o term_n and_o condition_n they_o propose_v prince_n hereby_o the_o pole_n by_o degree_n have_v clip_v and_o limit_v the_o ancient_a power_n of_o their_o king_n and_o have_v reduce_v they_o to_o the_o bound_n we_o now_o find_v they_o to_o have_v that_o be_v bare_o to_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o grand_a diet_n for_o the_o pole_n know_v very_o well_o that_o no_o prince_n will_v be_v so_o imprudent_a as_o to_o scruple_n submit_v to_o
starostaship_n after_o the_o death_n of_o those_o that_o enjoy_v they_o if_o the_o king_n chance_n to_o die_v before_o the_o queen_n have_v this_o reformation_n assign_v she_o than_o the_o republic_n give_v she_o a_o yearly_o pension_n out_o of_o the_o crown-revenue_n but_o this_o no_o long_o than_o she_o continue_v unmarried_a or_o stay_v in_o the_o realm_n for_o otherwise_o in_o both_o those_o case_n the_o queen_n regent_n get_v it_o or_o else_o it_o revert_v to_o the_o state_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o queen_n regent_n never_o come_v by_o it_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n and_o that_o be_v no_o ordinary_a expense_n to_o she_o to_o procure_v by_o purchase_v almost_o all_o the_o vote_n of_o that_o mercenary_a assembly_n this_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o present_a queen-dowager_n for_o when_o the_o queen_n her_o predecessor_n marry_v the_o duke_n of_o lorraine_n she_o observe_v that_o the_o settlement_n of_o her_o pension_n be_v like_a to_o be_v put_v off_o to_o the_o succeed_a diet_n which_o be_v convene_v only_o once_o in_o three_o year_n think_v it_o better_a to_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o gain_v their_o vote_n at_o that_o session_n than_o to_o lose_v three_o year_n income_n this_o revenue_n be_v general_o compute_v at_o half_a a_o million_o polish_v which_o amount_v to_o about_o thirty_o thousand_o english_a pound_n as_o long_o as_o the_o queen-dowager_n enjoy_v this_o pension_n the_o queen-regent_n can_v have_v none_o for_o the_o pole_n say_v that_o it_o will_v be_v too_o much_o to_o pension_n two_o queen_n at_o once_o respect_n though_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v many_o important_a employment_n to_o distribute_v yet_o his_o power_n be_v always_o limit_v in_o the_o distribution_n of_o they_o for_o he_o can_v name_v any_o of_o his_o child_n no_o nor_o so_o much_o as_o the_o queen_n to_o any_o charge_v either_o ecclesiastical_a or_o temporal_a sigismond_n iii_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o give_v his_o queen_n constantia_n two_o starostaship_n vacant_a by_o the_o death_n of_o queen_n anne_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1625._o all_o the_o gentry_n oppose_v it_o by_o a_o great_a uproar_v in_o the_o diet_n and_o maintain_v vigorous_o that_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n ought_v not_o to_o part_v with_o any_o office_n without_o their_o consent_n neither_o can_v he_o purchase_v any_o land_n for_o they_o in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n although_o the_o late_a king_n buy_v several_a vast_a territory_n in_o other_o people_n name_n both_o in_o russia_n prussia_n and_o almost_o all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n and_o beside_o purchase_v a_o principality_n of_o the_o emperor_n in_o silesia_n for_o prince_n james_n his_o elder_a son_n but_o the_o pole_n have_v long_o since_o discover_v the_o secret_a pretend_a when_o i_o be_v at_o warsaw_n that_o all_o those_o land_n must_v come_v to_o the_o crown_n after_o the_o king_n death_n some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n also_o have_v be_v so_o kind_a as_o to_o part_v with_o their_o prerogative_n in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n so_o that_o now_o they_o retain_v only_o the_o collation_n of_o benefice_n as_o for_o the_o foundation_n of_o monastery_n whatever_o power_n the_o king_n may_v have_v leave_v to_o erect_v they_o they_o must_v always_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o three_o order_n of_o the_o state_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v likewise_o limit_v in_o divers_a other_o respect_n for_o he_o can_v neither_o increase_v nor_o diminish_v the_o number_n of_o officer_n either_o of_o his_o court_n or_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o name_v any_o stranger_n that_o be_v not_o naturalize_v to_o any_o charge_n or_o government_n only_o in_o the_o foot_n army_n and_o there_o too_o such_o a_o person_n can_v pretend_v to_o no_o more_o than_o to_o be_v a_o captain_n or_o at_o most_o a_o colonel_n this_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o example_n of_o stephen_n batori_n who_o have_v have_v considerable_a service_n do_v he_o by_o the_o hungarian_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o moscovite_n he_o think_v it_o but_o reasonable_a to_o prefer_v some_o of_o they_o for_o recompense_n which_o extreme_o incense_v the_o pole_n and_o particular_o the_o grand_a general_n so_o much_o that_o he_o immediate_o thereupon_o resign_v his_o staff_n it_o be_v also_o out_o of_o the_o king_n power_n to_o advance_v some_o native_n for_o all_o citizen_n merchant_n tradesman_n and_o their_o son_n countryman_n labourer_n and_o general_o all_o artificer_n be_v not_o only_o by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n exclude_v from_o preferment_n which_o the_o king_n have_v the_o nomination_n of_o but_o also_o have_v not_o liberty_n either_o of_o buy_v or_o enjoy_v land_n or_o estate_n preferment_n it_o be_v then_o the_o nobility_n alone_o or_o freeborn_a of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n or_o of_o the_o other_o province_n incorporate_v into_o that_o monarchy_n that_o can_v pretend_v to_o any_o preferment_n in_o the_o republic_n wherefore_o the_o aforesaid_a king_n batori_n think_v to_o advance_v his_o nephew_n by_o reason_n he_o have_v no_o child_n design_v to_o get_v they_o naturalize_v in_o the_o diet_n hold_v the_o thirteen_o of_o december_n 1586_o but_o be_v prevent_v by_o death_n it_o must_v withal_o be_v understand_v that_o it_o be_v not_o every_o one_o of_o these_o that_o can_v aspire_v or_o lay_v claim_n to_o every_o preferment_n but_o only_o such_o as_o have_v land_n or_o estate_n in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o great_a duchy_n or_o any_o other_o incorporate_v province_n where_o the_o preferment_n lie_v for_o a_o freeborn_a native_a of_o the_o kingdom_n though_o he_o have_v a_o estate_n in_o it_o yet_o can_v be_v a_o governor_n of_o a_o city_n in_o lithuania_n nor_o have_v any_o kind_n of_o employment_n there_o without_o a_o settle_a estate_n in_o that_o country_n but_o the_o advantage_n that_o all_o freeborn_a native_n have_v be_v that_o they_o can_v buy_v a_o estate_n throughout_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o poland_n power_n there_o be_v another_o inconvenience_n which_o very_o much_o prejudices_fw-la and_o limit_n the_o king_n power_n and_o the_o public_a interest_n of_o the_o whole_a commonwealth_n for_o wherever_o a_o noble_a pole_n be_v once_o name_v to_o a_o preferment_n and_o be_v in_o actual_a possession_n of_o it_o let_v he_o commit_v never_o so_o many_o crime_n against_o the_o crown_n or_o state_n he_o can_v never_o be_v deprive_v of_o his_o employ_v or_o turn_v out_o of_o it_o without_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o diet_n but_o shall_v continue_v in_o the_o same_o for_o life_n even_o against_o a_o the_o will_n of_o the_o diet_n if_o he_o have_v but_o one_o member_n on_o his_o side_n who_o will_v protest_v against_o the_o proceed_n for_o the_o negative_a voice_n of_o a_o member_n of_o the_o diet_n of_o poland_n have_v the_o same_o force_n with_o a_o negative_a of_o a_o king_n of_o england_n in_o parliament_n thereby_o this_o pernicious_a constitution_n occasion_n many_o trouble_n and_o animosity_n for_o it_o encourage_v unruly_a and_o mutinous_a people_n to_o disturb_v the_o commonwealth_n officer_n never_o serve_v the_o republic_n faithful_o treasurer_n arè_v thereby_o embolden_v to_o give_v no_o account_n of_o the_o public_a revenue_n the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n and_o governor_n of_o province_n and_o town_n do_v as_o they_o think_v fit_a and_o most_o common_o mind_v their_o own_o private_a affair_n more_o than_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o republic_n in_o a_o word_n though_o the_o pole_n term_v this_o constitution_n the_o great_a mark_n of_o their_o liberty_n it_o inevitable_o ruin_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o whole_a state_n and_o every_o one_o see_v what_o bad_a consequence_n must_v and_o do_v necessary_o follow_v from_o this_o excessive_a liberty_n or_o rather_o libertinism_n of_o every_o private_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n respect_n my_o lord_n this_o great_a privilege_n of_o the_o ofcer_n make_v they_o pay_v more_o than_o ordinary_a respect_n to_o the_o king_n before_o they_o be_v dignify_v and_o court_v he_o to_o give_v they_o a_o charge_v which_o he_o can_v never_o afterward_o take_v away_o moreover_o this_o power_n of_o the_o king_n be_v to_o name_n such_o of_o the_o qualify_v nobility_n as_o best_o please_v he_o to_o these_o important_a employment_n keep_v all_o the_o gentry_n in_o a_o great_a dependence_n on_o he_o for_o the_o design_n of_o the_o republic_n in_o lodging_n the_o nomination_n of_o officer_n in_o the_o king_n hand_n be_v that_o he_o shall_v take_v care_n to_o confer_v they_o on_o those_o that_o have_v best_o deserve_v they_o by_o their_o service_n either_o in_o peace_n or_o war_n and_o exclude_v such_o from_o they_o as_o have_v be_v stubborn_a mutinous_a and_o unserviceable_a to_o the_o state_n another_o reason_n that_o make_v the_o king_n respect_v be_v the_o natural_a ambition_n
any_o condition_n to_o become_v master_n of_o so_o considerable_a a_o kingdom_n to_o which_o he_o have_v no_o right_a either_o by_o birth_n or_o other_o claim_n and_o more_o especial_o since_o these_o condition_n be_v neither_o rigorous_a nor_o dishonourable_a but_o such_o as_o be_v decent_o consistent_a with_o the_o regal_a character_n he_o be_v to_o be_v invest_v with_o republic_n thus_o the_o polish_v gentry_n of_o a_o kind_n of_o monarchical_a government_n have_v in_o time_n make_v a_o perfect_a republic_n consist_v of_o three_o order_n the_o king_n senate_n and_o gentry_n which_o they_o call_v the_o nobility_n poland_n here_o my_o lord_n i_o must_v take_v notice_n to_o your_o grace_n that_o the_o polish_v nation_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o sort_n of_o people_n the_o gentry_n or_o freeborn_a subject_n who_o be_v hardly_o a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o vassal_n who_o be_v no_o better_a than_o slave_n to_o the_o gentry_n for_o they_o have_v no_o benefit_n of_o the_o law_n can_v buy_v no_o estate_n nor_o enjoy_v any_o property_n no_o more_o than_o our_o negro_n in_o the_o west-indies_n can_n and_o this_o because_o some_o age_n since_o the_o common_a people_n revolt_a against_o their_o lord_n and_o have_v drive_v they_o out_o of_o the_o nation_n the_o gentry_n come_v with_o a_o foreign_a power_n and_o reduce_v they_o to_o a_o great_a subjection_n than_o before_o in_o which_o they_o have_v be_v keep_v ever_o since_o so_o that_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n at_o present_a comprehend_v only_o the_o king_n and_o gentry_n by_o a_o gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n of_o poland_n be_v understand_v a_o person_n who_o either_o himself_n or_o his_o family_n have_v a_o possession_n in_o land_n for_o they_o never_o intermarry_v with_o the_o common_a people_n all_o the_o gentry_n from_o the_o king_n son_n to_o those_o that_o be_v but_o only_a master_n of_o a_o acre_n of_o land_n be_v equal_o noble_a both_o by_o their_o birth_n and_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o no_o body_n be_v bear_v either_o a_o palatine_n senator_n or_o lord_n but_o those_o title_n be_v always_o annex_v to_o certain_a employment_n which_o the_o king_n only_o give_v to_o person_n advance_v in_o age_n and_o recommend_v by_o their_o merit_n diet._n the_o diet_n of_o poland_n in_o some_o respect_n resemble_v our_o parliament_n be_v make_v up_o of_o two_o house_n the_o house_n of_o senator_n answerable_a to_o our_o house_n of_o lord_n and_o the_o house_n of_o nuncio_n not_o unlike_o our_o house_n of_o commons_o the_o senator_n be_v the_o bishop_n palatine_n castellan_n and_o the_o ten_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o all_o about_o 142._o in_o the_o upper-house_n the_o senator_n sit_v not_o by_o any_o writ_n of_o summons_n or_o letter_n patent_n as_o in_o england_n but_o only_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o great_a preferment_n in_o the_o king_n gift_n which_o they_o enjoy_v for_o life_n so_o that_o the_o king_n whole_o constitute_v the_o upper_a 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the_o universal_a consent_n and_o concurrence_n of_o this_o parliament_n which_o they_o term_v the_o free_a state_n of_o poland_n government_n several_a powerful_a motive_n have_v incline_v the_o pole_n to_o establish_v this_o kind_n of_o mix_a government_n which_o they_o take_v to_o be_v a_o just_a temperament_n of_o whatever_o be_v to_o be_v find_v most_o excellent_a in_o the_o several_a monarchy_n aristocracy_n and_o democracy_n that_o have_v be_v in_o the_o world_n the_o most_o considerable_a of_o which_o motive_n as_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o they_o in_o their_o history_n or_o learn_v they_o from_o the_o most_o know_v among_o their_o native_n be_v as_o follow_v motive_n first_o they_o think_v by_o this_o judicious_a choice_n of_o a_o government_n to_o preserve_v their_o kingdom_n from_o those_o disorder_n which_o most_o common_o attend_v absolute_a monarchy_n agree_v herein_o with_o that_o prince_n of_o philosopher_n aristotle_n who_o though_o he_o prefer_v this_o kind_n of_o government_n to_o all_o other_o yet_o be_v he_o nevertheless_o oblige_v to_o own_o that_o when_o ever_o it_o degenerate_v it_o be_v the_o most_o pernicious_a of_o all_o thus_o the_o pole_n have_v temper_v the_o exorbitant_a power_n of_o their_o king_n with_o the_o mixture_n of_o two_o other_o government_n whereby_o they_o think_v to_o secure_v their_o liberty_n a_o thing_n always_o most_o dear_a to_o they_o from_o the_o arbitrary_a will_n of_o a_o prince_n who_o by_o imagine_v himself_o above_o the_o law_n may_v fancy_n whatever_o his_o passion_n prompt_v he_o to_o allowable_a and_o his_o true_a interest_n to_o be_v the_o entire_a subjection_n of_o his_o people_n the_o miserable_a example_n of_o their_o neighbour_n the_o turk_n and_o moscovite_n have_v sufficient_o convince_v they_o of_o this_o truth_n wherefore_o the_o polish_v nation_n think_v it_o but_o convenient_a to_o limit_v the_o excessive_a power_n of_o their_o king_n and_o confine_v they_o to_o rule_v with_o more_o moderation_n and_o justice_n motive_n second_o the_o pole_n have_v observe_v as_o well_o from_o their_o own_o government_n as_o from_o that_o of_o their_o neighbour_n that_o no_o small_a disadvantage_n have_v flow_v from_o a_o aristocracy_n they_o can_v not_o be_v persuade_v but_o that_o the_o authority_n of_o one_o person_n be_v infinite_o more_o easy_a to_o be_v tolerate_v than_o that_o of_o many_o for_o that_o either_o the_o ambition_n or_o jealousy_n of_o such_o will_v often_o disturb_v the_o repose_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o the_o public_a poland_n also_o begin_v to_o reflect_v upon_o its_o former_a misery_n under_o its_o woievod_n when_o it_o be_v deplorable_o rend_v and_o tear_v by_o the_o faction_n among_o those_o palatine_n insomuch_o that_o even_o while_o it_o become_v a_o conqueror_n from_o without_o it_o be_v vanquish_v within_o and_o that_o by_o its_o own_o force_n this_o give_v the_o pole_n no_o small_a dislike_n to_o a_o aristocracy_n which_o they_o have_v resolve_v never_o more_o to_o admit_v among_o they_o motive_n the_o three_o reason_n of_o state_n which_o have_v oblige_v the_o pole_n to_o reject_v a_o democracy_n be_v that_o they_o look_v upon_o that_o sort_n of_o government_n to_o be_v the_o most_o dangerous_a of_o all_o be_v the_o easy_a inflame_v and_o the_o great_a enemy_n to_o true_a nobility_n its_o first_o maxim_n be_v to_o procure_v a_o universal_a level_v or_o make_v all_o alike_o whereby_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o common_a liberty_n they_o weaken_v and_o enervate_v those_o great_a genius_n which_o be_v design_v to_o govern_v and_o protect_v they_o how_o then_o can_v it_o be_v expect_v that_o the_o descendants_n of_o those_o mighty_a warrior_n who_o found_v the_o polish_v nation_n and_o have_v so_o long_o maintain_v the_o honour_n of_o it_o by_o their_o valour_n shall_v submit_v to_o have_v their_o blood_n debase_v by_o mix_v it_o with_o the_o ignoble_a vulgar_a the_o tyranny_n of_o law_n which_o the_o noble_n be_v subject_v to_o in_o a_o absolute_a commonwealth_n will_v be_v too_o rude_a a_o check_n to_o this_o ambition_n which_o the_o pole_n have_v always_o have_v to_o command_v over_o their_o vassal_n and_o therefore_o they_o have_v always_o entertain_v a_o secret_a odium_n for_o those_o grecian_a republic_n that_o banish_v their_o great_a statesman_n mere_o because_o they_o will_v not_o have_v they_o gain_v too_o fast_o upon_o the_o affection_n of_o the_o people_n if_o any_o shall_v perhaps_o doubt_v of_o the_o pernicious_a consequence_n of_o a_o popular_a government_n where_o reason_n do_v not_o so_o much_o reign_v as_o a_o unruly_a violence_n of_o a_o people_n who_o know_v no_o other_o law_n than_o those_o of_o their_o passion_n let_v they_o cast_v their_o eye_n on_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n who_o be_v often_o ready_a to_o overturn_v the_o state_n have_v not_o the_o senate_n speedy_o apply_v a_o prudent_a remedy_n but_o there_o be_v other_o example_n more_o modern_a as_o the_o revolt_n
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primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n a_o title_n give_v he_o by_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n and_o moreover_o style_v himself_o the_o pope_n legate_n bear_v by_o a_o grant_n of_o the_o council_n of_o lateran_n all_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n that_o have_v be_v determine_v in_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n or_o any_o of_o the_o other_o bishop_n court_n may_v be_v reverse_v or_o confirm_v in_o a_o appeal_n to_o he_o his_o power_n and_o authority_n be_v exceed_o great_a and_o even_o next_o to_o the_o king_n be_v it_o be_v death_n to_o draw_v a_o sword_n in_o his_o presence_n or_o to_o quarrel_v in_o any_o manner_n whatsoever_o before_o he_o when_o he_o go_v to_o the_o king_n or_o the_o diet_n there_o be_v always_o a_o golden_a cross_n carry_v before_o he_o and_o when_o he_o sit_v his_o chaplain_n hold_v it_o behind_o his_o chair_n he_o have_v his_o marshal_n who_o be_v a_o castellan_n and_o senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o person_n on_o horseback_n carry_v a_o staff_n before_o his_o coach_n but_o salute_v none_o with_o it_o except_o the_o king_n when_o the_o archbishop_n and_o he_o happen_v to_o meet_v this_o marshal_n have_v likewise_o the_o honour_n to_o carry_v the_o like_a staff_n before_o the_o king_n where_o the_o other_o marshal_n be_v absent_a when_o the_o archbishop_n come_v to_o wait_v on_o the_o king_n the_o great_a chamberlain_n or_o some_o other_o great_a officer_n always_o receive_v he_o at_o the_o stair-foot_n and_o the_o king_n afterward_o come_v out_o of_o his_o chamber_n to_o meet_v he_o in_o the_o antichamber_n he_o never_o pay_v any_o visit_n out_o of_o duty_n but_o to_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n and_o to_o he_o only_o but_o once_o he_o visit_v no_o king_n ambassador_n though_o they_o visit_v he_o first_o rex_fw-la after_o the_o king_n death_n he_o be_v the_o supreme_a regent_n of_o the_o kingdom_n till_o a_o new_a one_o be_v choose_v during_o which_o time_n he_o may_v coin_v money_n in_o his_o own_o name_n a_o privilege_n grant_v he_o by_o boleslaus_n the_o chaste_a but_o which_o nevertheless_o have_v not_o be_v practise_v no_o money_n have_v ever_o be_v see_v of_o his_o coin_n the_o revenue_n also_o of_o the_o crown_n belong_v to_o he_o in_o the_o inter-regnum_n he_o convoke_v the_o diet_n and_o dissolve_v it_o at_o pleasure_n and_o in_o case_n there_o happen_v any_o thing_n extraordinary_a the_o government_n assign_v he_o several_a senator_n for_o his_o assistant_n in_o short_a he_o be_v tantum_n non_fw-la rex_fw-la he_o only_o can_v proclaim_v the_o king_n when_o elect_v and_o crown_v he_o afterward_o except_o where_o he_o die_v as_o in_o the_o follow_a case_n which_o be_v so_o very_o considerable_a that_o he_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o the_o ambassador_n and_o envoy_n of_o the_o candidate_n as_o the_o only_a person_n upon_o who_o the_o success_n of_o their_o negotiation_n depend_v and_o therefore_o all_o of_o they_o do_v their_o utmost_a to_o make_v he_o their_o friend_n hereupon_o i_o must_v acquaint_v your_o grace_n with_o a_o passage_n in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n of_o poland_n john_n iii_o in_o the_o year_n 1674._o when_o one_o czartoreski_n be_v archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n who_o be_v entire_o in_o the_o austrian_a interest_n and_o a_o great_a friend_n to_o the_o chancellor_n patz_n and_o by_o consequence_n both_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o french_a and_o john_n sobieski_n party_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v bring_v to_o proclaim_v he_o but_o as_o it_o happen_v he_o die_v three_o day_n before_o the_o election_n and_o that_o power_n devolve_v to_o trzebicki_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n who_o be_v altogether_o for_o the_o grand_a marshal_n forthwith_o proclaim_v he_o with_o joy_n much_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o republic_n entrust_v this_o great_a authority_n to_o a_o clergyman_n be_v for_o fear_n that_o if_o it_o be_v bestow_v on_o a_o secular_a senator_n he_o may_v make_v use_n of_o it_o to_o advance_v himself_o to_o the_o throne_n see_n this_o archbishops_n see_v be_v at_o lowitz_n a_o city_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o rava_n in_o low_a poland_n he_o be_v bear_v a_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n of_o plosko_fw-mi the_o second_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n be_v the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o red-russia_n so_o name_v from_o a_o sovereign_a duke_n of_o that_o province_n call_v leo_n who_o be_v subdue_v by_o a_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n in_o the_o year_n 1279_o and_o under_o the_o reign_n of_o lescus_n vi._n leopol_n this_o city_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o three_o bishop_n viz._n the_o roman-catholick_n archbishop_n the_o armenian-catholick_n archbishop_n and_o a_o russian_a greek_a schismatic_a bishop_n these_o two_o archbishop_n have_v the_o same_o belief_n and_o religion_n only_o the_o armenian_a have_v some_o particular_a ceremony_n wherein_o they_o differ_v and_o the_o woman_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o man_n in_o the_o church_n persuasion_n the_o russian_a or_o greek-schismatic_a bishop_n can_v marry_v because_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o order_n of_o friar_n of_o st._n basil_n who_o all_o make_v a_o vow_n of_o chastity_n nevertheless_o the_o parish_n priest_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o live_v in_o coelibacy_n that_o be_v if_o they_o be_v admit_v into_o order_n after_o their_o marriage_n for_o they_o can_v be_v constrain_v to_o leave_v their_o wife_n but_o however_o when_o their_o wife_n die_v they_o can_v marry_v again_o unless_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o relinquish_v their_o priesthood_n ornoment_n their_o liturgy_n be_v in_o the_o russian_a language_n be_v as_o the_o polish_v a_o dialect_n of_o the_o sclavovian_a their_o tenet_n be_v that_o the_o holy_a ghost_n proceed_v from_o the_o father_n by_o the_o son_n and_o that_o the_o pope_n be_v not_o head_n of_o all_o the_o church_n but_o only_o the_o first_o of_o the_o two_o patriarch_n whereof_o they_o of_o constantinople_n be_v the_o second_o and_o independent_a of_o the_o first_o in_o other_o article_n of_o belief_n they_o agree_v with_o the_o roman_a church_n their_o ceremony_n and_o ornament_n differ_v from_o the_o roman_a and_o armenian_a they_o pray_v stand_v though_o they_o make_v frequent_a genuflexion_n they_o receive_v the_o communion_n in_o both_o kind_n after_o this_o manner_n the_o priest_n consecrate_v several_a little_a piece_n of_o bread_n make_v with_o leaven_n after_o which_o he_o receive_v himself_o and_o then_o break_v the_o bread_n in_o divers_a little_a piece_n which_o do_v he_o put_v they_o into_o the_o chalice_n with_o the_o consecrate_a wine_n and_o then_o with_o a_o little_a silver_n spoon_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n he_o communicate_v to_o the_o people_n who_o all_o stand_v with_o their_o arm_n across_o upon_o their_o breast_n when_o they_o receive_v this_o do_v the_o communicant_n follow_v the_o priest_n thrice_o about_o the_o altar_n with_o fold_a arm_n who_o all_o the_o while_n advise_v and_o charge_v they_o to_o make_v good_a cheer_n for_o seven_o day_n together_o and_o to_o fast_v the_o next_o seven_o day_n after_o that_o the_o russian_n likewise_o make_v their_o child_n communicate_v though_o never_o so_o young_a when_o they_o have_v all_o take_v the_o sacramenâ—â—_n the_o priest_n consume_v the_o rest_n at_o his_o pleasure_n this_o digression_n be_v curious_a i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o insert_v it_o but_o now_o i_o must_v proceed_v to_o the_o three_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n who_o be_v the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n lie_v in_o high_a or_o little_a poland_n power_n this_o be_v first_o a_o archbishopric_n establish_v by_o miecislaus_fw-la i._o in_o the_o year_n 964._o immediate_o after_o he_o have_v embrace_v the_o christian_a faith_n but_o be_v afterward_o lose_v by_o mean_n of_o one_o lampert_n who_o be_v make_v archbishop_n and_o value_v himself_o too_o much_o on_o his_o birth_n neglect_v to_o send_v to_o rome_n for_o consecration_n whereupon_o the_o pope_n order_v it_o for_o the_o future_a to_o remain_v only_o a_o bishopric_n what_o be_v remarkable_a in_o this_o bishopric_n be_v that_o the_o archbishopric_n and_o that_o have_v frequent_o be_v hold_v by_o the_o same_o person_n this_o bishop_n style_v himself_o duke_n of_o severia_n in_o which_o all_o the_o people_n be_v subject_a both_o to_o his_o ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a jurisdiction_n residence_n his_o usual_a residence_n be_v either_o at_o bozentium_n a_o small_a town_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o bald_a mountain_n or_o else_o at_o kielsk_n in_o the_o same_o palatinate_n of_o sendomir_n he_o have_v in_o his_o diocese_n 1018._o church_n of_o which_o thirteen_o be_v collegiate_n precedence_n his_o seat_n in_o the_o senate_n be_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o king_n and_o next_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n though_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v on_o the_o right_n he_o be_v the_o first_o bishop_n in_o the_o kingdom_n this_o bishopric_n be_v former_o join_v to_o
of_o the_o great_a dutchy_n army_n and_o receive_v no_o manner_n of_o order_n from_o the_o crown-general_n except_o where_o both_o be_v joint_o engage_v in_o a_o battle_n power_n these_o great_a general_n in_o the_o king_n absence_n have_v the_o great_a power_n in_o the_o kingdom_n for_o they_o have_v then_o a_o supreme_a command_n in_o the_o army_n they_o give_v battle_n and_o besiege_v town_n without_o the_o king_n participation_n and_o settle_v winter-quarter_n where_o and_o upon_o what_o land_n they_o think_v fit_a this_o power_n of_o they_o be_v so_o extraordinary_a considerable_a that_o a_o great_a general_n be_v formidable_a to_o all_o the_o nobility_n duty_n their_o duty_n be_v to_o keep_v good_a order_n and_o discipline_n in_o the_o army_n to_o punish_v mutinous_a and_o seditious_a officer_n and_o soldier_n to_o settle_v the_o prize_n of_o all_o commodity_n and_o provision_n bring_v into_o the_o camp_n to_o give_v command_n or_o necessary_a order_n for_o a_o charge_n or_o 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the_o great_a master_n of_o the_o artillery_n the_o camp_n notary_n and_o commander_n of_o the_o guard_n against_o incursion_n of_o which_o two_o last_v i_o shall_v only_o speak_v here_o camp-notary_n camp-notary_n be_v paymaster_n general_n for_o the_o army_n both_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o great_a duchy_n incursion_n the_o chief_a commander_n of_o the_o guard_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n etc._n etc._n this_o officer_n be_v post_v on_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o kingdom_n towards_o crim-tartary_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v to_o give_v notice_n of_o all_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o enemy_n authority_n for_o the_o civil_a state-officer_n there_o be_v the_o two_o great_a secretary_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o duchy_n they_o have_v a_o power_n to_o enter_v into_o the_o privy-council_n and_o to_o take_v cognizance_n of_o what_o the_o chancellor_n and_o vice_n chancellor_n do_v they_o must_v both_o be_v ecclesiastic_n and_o their_o office_n be_v a_o great_a step_n to_o the_o chancellor_n dignity_n they_o have_v the_o keep_n of_o the_o king_n signet_n and_o be_v qualify_v for_o the_o high_a episcopal_a honour_n and_o have_v precedence_n before_o most_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n or_o kingdom_n office_n the_o master_n of_o request_n or_o referendary_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n their_o business_n be_v to_o receive_v petition_n make_v to_o the_o king_n and_o to_o give_v his_o majesty_n answer_n they_o have_v a_o place_n in_o any_o of_o the_o king_n court_n of_o justice_n these_o be_v in_o all_o four_o one_o ecclesiastical_a and_o one_o civil_a for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o like_a for_o the_o great_a office_n duchy_n two_o cupbearer_n for_o each_o nation_n for_o the_o same_o two_o carver_n and_o two_o sword-bearer_n the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o court_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n these_o supply_n either_o the_o absence_n or_o vacancy_n of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o great_a treasurer_n prussia_n the_o treasurer_n of_o prussia_n who_o business_n be_v to_o take_v all_o account_n of_o the_o collector_n of_o revenue_n in_o that_o province_n and_o to_o transmit_v they_o to_o the_o great_a treasurer_n judge_n associate_n to_o judge_n which_o be_v general_o such_o as_o reside_v in_o the_o king_n court_n viz._n the_o master_n of_o request_n vicechancellor_n etc._n etc._n notary_n two_o chief_a notary_n of_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n for_o civil_a cause_n either_o of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o the_o great_a duchy_n inchancery_n two_o register_n in_o the_o chancery_n of_o both_o nation_n escheator_n a_o officer_n that_o look_v after_o the_o escheat_n call_v by_o we_o escheator_n he_o can_v either_o sue_v for_o or_o seize_v any_o such_o land_n or_o good_n as_o fall_v to_o the_o crown_n house_n the_o commissioner_n of_o the_o custom-house_n who_o give_v in_o their_o account_n as_o often_o as_o the_o great_a treasurer_n require_v they_o mine_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o silver_n lead_v and_o salt_n mine_n they_o exercise_v jurisdiction_n over_o the_o workman_n there_o but_o must_v nevertheless_o admit_v of_o appeal_n to_o court_n mint_n the_o governor_n or_o warden_n of_o the_o mint_n which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n their_o business_n be_v to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o money_n there_o coin_v be_v of_o weight_n and_o value_n court-officer_n the_o chief_a officer_n of_o the_o king_n court_n be_v treat_v of_o before_o in_o the_o letter_n to_o his_o grace_n the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n district_n the_o officer_n of_o district_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o sort_n civil_a and_o military_a the_o civil_a be_v office_n the_o vice-chamberlain_n who_o office_n be_v to_o decide_v all_o difference_n within_o his_o district_n about_o the_o bound_n of_o land_n etc._n etc._n to_o which_o he_o be_v swear_v he_o have_v several_a deputy_n under_o chamberlain_n he_o call_v chamberlain_n who_o he_o choose_v out_o of_o the_o gentry_n of_o his_o jurisdiction_n and_o to_o who_o he_o give_v a_o oath_n to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o office_n it_o be_v at_o his_o pleasure_n to_o displace_v these_o as_o often_o as_o he_o think_v fit_a assistant_n the_o judge_n who_o together_o with_o his_o assistant_n determine_v all_o civil_a cause_n and_o controversy_n prothonotary_n the_o prothonotary_n who_o in_o those_o court_n have_v likewise_o a_o power_n of_o give_v his_o opinion_n collector_n the_o head_n collector_n of_o the_o public_a revenue_n who_o be_v accountable_a above_o call_v the_o other_o officer_n be_v less_o considerable_a be_v sewer_n carver_n cupbearer_n sword-bearer_n etc._n etc._n the_o reason_n of_o there_o be_v such_o officer_n in_o every_o palatinate_n be_v because_o former_o each_o province_n of_o poland_n be_v a_o sovereignty_n and_o have_v its_o peculiar_a prince_n who_o have_v all_o their_o court-officer_n but_o now_o though_o these_o office_n remain_v yet_o it_o be_v only_o with_o honorary_a title_n and_o some_o few_o privilege_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v that_o when_o the_o king_n come_v into_o their_o palatinate_n his_o court-officer_n must_v leave_v to_o they_o the_o honour_n of_o serve_v he_o at_o table_n bear_v the_o sword_n before_o he_o etc._n etc._n district_n the_o military_a officer_n of_o a_o district_n be_v starostas_n with_o and_o without_o jurisdiction_n jurisdiction_n starostas_n with_o jurisdiction_n be_v governor_n of_o castle_n and_o royal_a city_n who_o sit_v and_o hear_v private_a cause_n of_o small_a moment_n once_o a_o fortnight_n and_o those_o of_o great_a concern_v every_o six_o week_n if_o nothing_o intervene_v to_o prevent_v they_o etc._n these_o have_v vice_n starostas_fw-la judge_n clerk_n and_o servant_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o sheriff_n officer_n to_o enforce_v justice_n in_o case_n of_o resistance_n starostas_n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o these_o starostas_n extend_v not_o only_o over_o the_o commonalty_n but_o likewise_o over_o the_o gentry_n they_o have_v also_o a_o care_n of_o the_o
king_n revenue_n arise_v within_o their_o district_n and_o may_v discount_n a_o four_o part_n for_o their_o trouble_n jurisdiction_n the_o starostas_fw-la without_o jurisdiction_n be_v those_o who_o be_v proper_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o exercise_v justice_n unless_o in_o very_o slight_a case_n office_n burgraves_n and_o tribune_n have_v the_o custody_n of_o castle_n fort_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v to_o keep_v constant_a guard_n there_o either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o deputy_n these_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o starostas_fw-la starostaship_n the_o revenue_n of_o starostaship_n partly_o arise_v from_o agriculture_n and_o partly_o from_o manufacture_n and_o handicraft_n they_o have_v be_v sometime_o know_v to_o have_v be_v mortgage_v to_o raise_v the_o king_n revenue_n more_o speedy_o especial_o those_o without_o jurisdiction_n what_o here_o likewise_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o mine_n call_v zuppars_n in_o polish_v may_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o who_o have_v divers_a officer_n and_o substitute_n under_o they_o the_o minor_a ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a officer_n and_o person_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v in_o all_o respect_n like_v to_o those_o of_o other_o nation_n i_o have_v purposely_o omit_v they_o thus_o my_o lord_n i_o have_v go_v through_o the_o several_a particular_n which_o i_o propose_v to_o entertain_v your_o grace_n and_o the_o public_a with_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n can_v but_o be_v high_o sensible_a of_o my_o presumption_n in_o prefix_v your_o great_a name_n to_o so_o imperfect_a a_o account_n therefore_o hope_v your_o grace_n pardon_n upon_o a_o humble_a acknowledgement_n i_o beg_v leave_v to_o subscribe_v myself_o my_o lord_n your_o grace_n most_o obedient_a and_o most_o humble_a servant_n j._n s._n letter_n iii_o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a james_n vernon_n esq_n principal_a secretary_n of_o state_n of_o the_o grand_a diet_n little_a diet_n and_o other_o general_a assembly_n in_o poland_n with_o a_o account_n of_o all_o the_o several_a court_n of_o justice_n from_o the_o high_a to_o the_o low_a as_o likewise_o of_o the_o judge_n law_n and_o punishment_n in_o that_o kingdom_n sir_n a._n the_o present_a king_n in_o his_o throne_n bb._n the_o ten_o crown_n officer_n c._n the_o a_o bp._n of_o gnesna_n with_o the_o the_o cross_n bear_v behind_o he_o dddd_n the_o other_o ecclesiastical_a senator_n eeeee_o foreign_a ambassador_n admit_v only_o to_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n ffffff_n the_o palatine_n &_o castellan_n in_o the_o three_o row_v on_o each_o side_n gggggg_n the_o deputy_n s_o in_o the_o two_o back_n row_v on_o each_o side_n h._n the_o nuncio_n martial_n or_o speaker_n of_o deputy_n s._n four_o vacant_a seat_n for_o such_o other_o as_o be_v sometime_o admit_v 1._o the_o arm_n of_o poland_n 2._o the_o arm_n of_o lithuania_n sir_n be_v the_o grand_a diet_n or_o parliament_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o native_n call_v seym_n walny_n be_v a_o assembly_n of_o the_o king_n senators_z and_o nuncio_n or_o deputy_n of_o every_o province_n meet_v together_o in_o any_o city_n or_o town_n of_o poland_n or_o lithuania_n in_o order_n to_o deliberate_v upon_o state_n affair_n and_o the_o mean_n to_o secure_v and_o preserve_v the_o kingdom_n both_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o war._n meet_a it_o be_v the_o king_n or_o during_o a_o inter_fw-la regnum_fw-la the_o primate_n who_o have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o convoke_v this_o great_a assembly_n as_o likewise_o to_o determine_v the_o place_n where_o and_o the_o time_n when_o it_o shall_v sit_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n be_v oblige_v to_o call_v a_o diet_n every_o three_o year_n and_o of_o every_o three_o successive_o call_v two_o must_v be_v hold_v in_o poland_n most_o common_o at_o warsaw_n and_o the_o three_o in_o lithuania_n in_o the_o city_n of_o grodno_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o troki_n twenty_o league_n from_o vilna_n capital_a of_o this_o great_a duchy_n so_o that_o every_o nine_o year_n the_o king_n with_o all_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n of_o the_o kingdom_n go_v into_o lithuania_n and_o every_o three_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n of_o lithuania_n come_v into_o poland_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o diet_n be_v be_v hold_v in_o lithuania_n be_v because_o the_o lithuanian_n complain_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a inconvenient_a for_o they_o to_o come_v so_o far_o as_o poland_n thereupon_o when_o the_o king_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o convoke_v this_o general_a meeting_n he_o be_v to_o send_v out_o circular_a letter_n six_o week_n before_o the_o time_n he_o appoint_v for_o its_o session_n by_o the_o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1613._o to_o all_o the_o palatine_n of_o the_o province_n acquaint_v they_o with_o his_o design_n together_o with_o the_o time_n he_o intend_v it_o shall_v meet_v he_o send_v they_o likewise_o a_o list_n of_o all_o the_o affair_n and_o article_n which_o be_v to_o be_v treat_v of_o in_o that_o diet._n whereupon_o every_o palatin_n or_o his_o deputy_n in_o his_o own_o respective_a government_n forthwith_o dispatch_v notice_n to_o all_o the_o castellan_n starostas_n and_o other_o gentry_n require_v they_o at_o a_o certain_a time_n to_o meet_v together_o in_o order_n to_o deliberate_v on_o the_o article_n and_o affair_n propose_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n as_o likewise_o to_o choose_v a_o nuncio_n or_o deputy_n to_o represent_v their_o intention_n and_o decision_n in_o the_o great_a diet._n these_o letter_n be_v proclaim_v by_o a_o herald_n call_v by_o the_o pole_n wozny_n and_o afterward_o past_v up_o upon_o all_o the_o town-gate_n and_o church-door_n these_o assembly_n in_o the_o province_n be_v term_v by_o they_o comitiola_n in_o the_o polish_v language_n seymiki_n or_o little_a diet_n in_o case_n of_o extremity_n six_o week_n notice_n need_v not_o be_v give_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o year_n 1638._o meet_v the_o several_a place_n these_o little_a diet_n meet_v at_o be_v as_o follow_v poland_n in_o lower_n or_o great_a poland_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o posuan_n and_o kalisch_n siradia_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o sroda_n schadkow_n in_o the_o castellany_n of_o vielunia_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o vielun_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o lanschet_fw-mi bresty_n and_o inowlocz_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi radzieiow_n appoint_a by_o the_o 257._o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1510._o in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o dobrina_n the_o little_a diet_n meet_v in_o the_o town_n of_o ripin_n appoint_a by_o the_o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1567._o in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o plosko_fw-mi rava_n in_o three_o place_n in_o the_o city_n &_o town_n of_o radzanow_n rava_n sochaczow_n gombin_n podlachia_n masovia_n in_o the_o province_n of_o podlachia_n in_o three_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o droghiczin_n mielnik_n bransko_n masovia_n in_o ten_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o cirna_n warsaw_n wisna_n wissegrod_n zakrol_n ciekanow_n lombze_n rozan_n liw_n and_o nur._n little-poland_n in_o the_o province_n of_o upper_a or_o little_o poland_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o cracovia_n in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o zator_n for_o the_o duchy_n of_o oswieczin_n and_o prossovia_n for_o the_o palatinate_n by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o year_n 1667._o in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o sendomir_n and_o lublin_n in_o the_o city_n &_o town_n of_o opatow_n and_o lublin_n lithuania_n in_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o vilna_n in_o four_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o vilna_n osmian_n wilcomitz_n braclaw_n troki_n in_o five_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o troki_n grodno_n cowno_n lida_n ponienwiez_n polocz_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o polocz_n novogrodec_n in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o slonim_n wolkowizko_n witebsko_fw-mi in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o witebsko_n orska_n briescia_n or_o polesia_n in_o two_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o briescia_n pinsko_n mscislaw_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o msceislaw_n minsk_n in_o three_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o minsk_n modzir_fw-it reczycza_fw-it prussia_n in_o the_o province_n of_o prussia_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o pomerania_n marienburg_n culm_n elbing_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o imprimis_fw-la in_o all_o the_o district_n then_o in_o stargar-stuma_a die_v michalovia_n and_o graudentz_n elbing_n russia_n in_o the_o province_n of_o russia_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o russia_n in_o five_o place_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o leopol_n praemislaw_n sanoch_n halitz_n chelm_fw-ge belsko_fw-mi podolia_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o belsko_n caminiec_fw-la since_o caminiec_n be_v take_v by_o the_o turk_n its_o little_a diet_n meet_v at_o leopol_n in_o the_o palatinate_v of_o kiovia_n braclaw_n in_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o
declare_v war_n against_o any_o prince_n bring_v any_o foreign_a troop_n into_o the_o kingdom_n suffer_v no_o soldier_n to_o go_v out_o of_o it_o nor_o levy_v any_o new_a troop_n 6._o that_o all_o the_o field-officer_n shall_v be_v either_o pole_n or_o lithuanian_n or_o at_o least_o native_n of_o such_o province_n as_o depend_v upon_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n 7._o that_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o his_o regiment_n of_o guard_n shall_v be_v likewise_o either_o pole_n or_o lithuanian_n that_o their_o colonel_n or_o chief_a commander_n shall_v be_v a_o polish_v nobleman_n and_o who_o shall_v take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o republic_n and_o that_o all_o the_o officer_n in_o general_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o grand_a marshal_n 8._o that_o as_o to_o affair_n which_o concern_v the_o republic_n he_o shall_v not_o make_v use_n of_o his_o privy-seal_n 9_o that_o in_o six_o week_n after_o any_o charge_n or_o office_n vacant_a he_o shall_v take_v care_n to_o bestow_v it_o on_o some_o worthy_a and_o well_o qualify_v polish_v gentleman_n and_o on_o no_o other_o 10._o that_o he_o will_v not_o confer_v on_o any_o one_o person_n the_o office_n benefice_n or_o dignity_n which_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n prescribe_v to_o be_v enjoy_v by_o more_o 11._o that_o he_o will_v not_o marry_v but_o according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o with_o the_o consent_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o senate_n who_o shall_v assign_v his_o queen_n that_o retinue_n only_o which_o they_o think_v fit_a and_o convenient_a violate_v this_o article_n king_n michael_n break_v when_o he_o marry_v eleonora_n the_o emperor_n sister_n without_o approbation_n of_o the_o senate_n but_o which_o nevertheless_o he_o afterward_o repent_v of_o for_o they_o murmur_v heavy_o against_o he_o and_o do_v not_o scruple_n to_o tell_v he_o to_o his_o face_n that_o he_o have_v violate_v his_o coronation-oath_n likewise_o when_o prince_n james_n the_o late_a king_n son_n marry_v the_o princess_n of_o newbourg_n the_o senate_n procure_v the_o king_n to_o send_v his_o own_o guard_n that_o no_o german_a guard_n may_v come_v into_o the_o kingdom_n 12._o that_o together_o with_o his_o council_n he_o will_v regulate_v the_o number_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o republic_n may_v have_v no_o need_n of_o foreign_a troop_n nor_o be_v put_v to_o a_o unusual_a expense_n and_o that_o he_o will_v take_v care_n to_o preserve_v such_o good_a discipline_n among_o the_o soldier_n that_o they_o shall_v commit_v no_o disorder_n either_o in_o their_o quarter_n or_o their_o march_n 13._o that_o if_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o state_n to_o have_v a_o fleet_n that_o he_o shall_v build_v none_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o advice_n of_o the_o senate_n 14._o that_o he_o will_v no_o way_n diminish_v the_o treasure_n reposit_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n but_o will_v rather_o study_v to_o increase_v and_o augment_v it_o 15._o that_o he_o will_v borrow_v no_o money_n nor_o consent_n that_o any_o shall_v be_v borrow_a for_o his_o use_n without_o the_o knowledge_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o diet_n 16._o that_o he_o will_v always_o administer_v justice_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o senator_n and_o counsellor_n which_o attend_v he_o 17._o that_o for_o the_o expense_n of_o his_o table_n he_o shall_v be_v content_v with_o those_o revenue_n that_o have_v be_v grant_v by_o the_o republic_n to_o the_o king_n his_o predecessor_n and_o moreover_o that_o he_o shall_v enjoy_v they_o only_o for_o life_n 18._o that_o he_o shall_v not_o introduce_v any_o stranger_n of_o what_o rank_n or_o quality_n soever_o into_o his_o council_n and_o that_o he_o will_v bestow_v no_o office_n dignity_n or_o government_n upon_o they_o 19_o that_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o his_o power_n and_o dignity_n he_o will_v not_o diminish_v or_o abrogate_v any_o of_o the_o office_n at_o his_o disposal_n either_o in_o the_o republic_n or_o court_n 20._o and_o last_o that_o he_o will_v inviolable_o keep_v maintain_v and_o defend_v and_o confirm_v by_o his_o letter_n patent_n all_o the_o right_n liberty_n immunites_n and_o privilege_n lawful_o grant_v by_o former_a king_n either_o to_o the_o pole_n or_o lithuanian_n or_o to_o any_o of_o the_o province_n which_o depend_v upon_o either_o of_o those_o two_o nation_n article_n to_o these_o article_n they_o common_o add_v several_a other_o which_o vary_v according_a to_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n or_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n elect_v king_n dr._n connor_n say_v when_o he_o be_v in_o poland_n he_o hear_v the_o pole_n say_v that_o at_o the_o next_o election_n they_o will_v make_v a_o law_n by_o which_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o reside_v always_o at_o warsaw_n which_o in_o a_o manner_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o reason_n that_o make_v they_o think_v of_o this_o be_v because_o the_o late_a king_n almost_o always_o have_v a_o ambulatory_a court_n have_v no_o certain_a or_o fix_a residence_n or_o abide_v for_o sometime_o he_o live_v on_o his_o own_o estate_n in_o prussia_n and_o sometime_o in_o russia_n at_o zolkiew_n and_o so_o ramble_v about_o from_o one_o country_n palace_n to_o another_o where_o oftentimes_o the_o courtier_n ambassador_n or_o several_a gentleman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o be_v force_v to_o follow_v he_o about_o business_n find_v but_o very_o indifferent_a lodging_n and_o entertainment_n it_o may_v here_o be_v observe_v that_o at_o new_a election_n they_o always_o make_v some_o new_a constitution_n or_o other_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o to_o abridge_v the_o power_n of_o their_o king_n swear_v the_o formality_n which_o they_o use_v when_o they_o make_v the_o king_n swear_v to_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la be_v as_o follow_v the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n and_o the_o nuncio-marshal_n carry_v these_o 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ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o present_a religion_n in_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n as_o also_o of_o the_o state-officer_n and_o officer_n of_o district_n belong_v as_o well_o to_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o great_a duchy_n my_o lord_n your_o grace_n high_a birth_n and_o station_n in_o our_o government_n together_o with_o your_o primary_n right_o of_o suffrage_n in_o our_o house_n of_o lord_n entitle_v you_o in_o a_o superlative_a manner_n to_o the_o patronage_n of_o this_o letter_n wherefore_o i_o be_v glad_a to_o meet_v with_o a_o occasion_n so_o favourable_a to_o pay_v my_o duty_n to_o your_o grace_n and_o i_o can_v hearty_o wish_v it_o have_v be_v on_o a_o subject_a that_o i_o be_v more_o master_n of_o than_o in_o a_o account_n of_o a_o country_n which_o i_o never_o see_v yet_o that_o you_o may_v give_v some_o credit_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o my_o relation_n i_o dare_v humble_o assure_v you_o that_o i_o have_v mention_v nothing_o therein_o but_o what_o i_o either_o have_v out_o of_o dr._n connor_n memoir_n learn_v from_o his_o own_o mouth_n or_o draw_v from_o such_o book_n as_o both_o the_o doctor_n and_o other_o person_n of_o credit_n have_v own_a to_o be_v authentic_a and_o most_o correct_a my_o lord_n office_n the_o senate_n of_o poland_n be_v a_o order_n of_o noble_n between_o the_o king_n and_o common_a gentry_n establish_v to_o rule_n and_o govern_v according_a to_o law_n and_o to_o observe_v the_o conduct_n of_o the_o king_n and_o moreover_o they_o be_v to_o apply_v themselves_o to_o study_v the_o public_a good_a and_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o people_n it_o consist_v at_o present_a of_o a_o far_o great_a number_n of_o person_n than_o former_o oath_n it_o be_v the_o king_n that_o make_v every_o senator_n but_o who_o be_v once_o so_o make_v be_v to_o continue_v his_o office_n for_o life_n at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o creation_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n to_o conserve_v inviolable_a the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o republic_n so_o that_o if_o the_o king_n himself_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o extend_v his_o power_n and_o authority_n beyond_o the_o limit_n prescribe_v he_o by_o the_o law_n every_o senator_n oath_n alone_o will_v oblige_v he_o to_o acquaint_v his_o majesty_n with_o due_a respect_n of_o his_o duty_n and_o obligation_n nay_o every_o nuncio_n in_o the_o grand_a diet_n assume_v this_o liberty_n for_o in_o that_o place_n dicunt_fw-la quae_fw-la sentiunt_fw-la &_o sentiunt_fw-la quae_fw-la velint_fw-la as_o may_v appear_v by_o a_o insolent_a affront_n put_v upon_o the_o late_a king_n john_n sobieski_n who_o have_v be_v call_v tyrant_n nero_n and_o many_o other_o opprobrious_a name_n by_o some_o of_o the_o deputy_n and_o not_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v it_o he_o start_v up_o and_o threaten_v they_o lay_v his_o hand_n on_o his_o sword_n that_o have_v he_o be_v the_o great_a general_n still_o he_o will_v have_v do_v something_o whereat_o one_o of_o they_o rise_v likewise_o and_o clap_v his_o hand_n to_o his_o sword_n reply_v and_o that_o sword_n will_v have_v do_v something_o too_o another_o passage_n i_o have_v read_v of_o lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o poland_n who_o have_v be_v base_o abuse_v in_o the_o diet_n stand_v up_o and_o cry_v si_fw-mi non_fw-la essem_fw-la rex_fw-la whereto_o the_o orator_n brisk_o reply_v si_fw-mi non_fw-la fuisses_fw-la rex_fw-la wherefore_o these_o senator_n be_v likewise_o bind_v to_o see_v that_o nothing_o be_v do_v against_o their_o privilege_n and_o therefore_o four_o of_o they_o be_v always_o depute_v to_o attend_v the_o king_n with_o their_o advice_n beside_o these_o four_o who_o be_v ever_o actual_o the_o king_n counsel_n any_o of_o the_o other_o in_o like_a manner_n have_v a_o right_a to_o assist_v at_o the_o council-board_n if_o they_o think_v fit_a travel_v the_o presence_n of_o these_o senator_n be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v so_o absolute_o necessary_a for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o not_o one_o of_o they_o can_v travel_v upon_o whatsoever_o account_n without_o leave_n of_o the_o republic_n 23._o this_o custom_n be_v take_v from_o the_o roman_n who_o not_o only_o forbid_v the_o senator_n but_o also_o their_o son_n to_o go_v beyond_o the_o verge_n of_o italy_n self_n this_o title_n of_o senator_n the_o king_n can_v bestow_v by_o itself_o but_o it_o be_v always_o annex_v to_o one_o of_o the_o four_o dignitys_n of_o bishop_n castellan_n or_o palatine_n the_o ten_o crown-officer_n all_o which_o the_o king_n name_n whereof_o palatine_n be_v lord-lieutenant_n of_o province_n castellan_n be_v governor_n who_o have_v not_o their_o name_n from_o castle_n as_o the_o word_n may_v reasonable_o import_v but_o from_o command_v a_o portion_n of_o a_o province_n in_o time_n of_o war._n the_o ten_o crown-officer_n be_v the_o marshal_n chancellor_n and_o treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o bishop_n preside_v over_o their_o several_a diocese_n with_o a_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n when_o any_o one_o be_v name_v a_o bishop_n palatin_n castellan_n or_o any_o of_o the_o ten_o officer_n of_o the_o crown_n he_o be_v immediate_o a_o senator_n without_o more_o ado_n office_n their_o business_n be_v to_o serve_v faithful_o the_o king_n and_o republic_n in_o the_o senate_n at_o home_o to_o administer_v justice_n by_o commission_n or_o otherwise_o and_o abroad_o with_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n to_o exercise_v foreign_a ministry_n etc._n etc._n dignity_n these_o senator_n of_o poland_n value_v their_o dignity_n so_o high_o that_o they_o despise_v almost_o all_o other_o title_n of_o honour_n whatever_o and_o therefore_o when_o sigismond_n i._o go_v to_o vienna_n and_o the_o emperor_n offer_v the_o title_n of_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o the_o several_a senator_n that_o come_v along_o with_o he_o they_o absolute_o refuse_v they_o give_v for_o reason_n that_o be_v bear_v gentleman_n of_o poland_n and_o thereby_o have_v a_o right_a to_o treat_v either_o of_o peace_n or_o war_n with_o their_o king_n they_o believe_v it_o a_o injury_n to_o their_o dignity_n to_o have_v a_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n think_v superior_a subdivision_n this_o senate_n consist_v either_o of_o ecclesiastical_a or_o secular_a member_n the_o ecclesiastical_a be_v either_o archbishop_n or_o bishop_n and_o be_v the_o chief_a member_n of_o the_o senate_n their_o number_n at_o present_a be_v but_o sixteen_o three_o of_o these_o bishopric_n be_v now_o in_o the_o enemy_n hand_n though_o they_o nevertheless_o have_v titular_a bishop_n viz._n smolensko_n and_o kiovia_n possess_v by_o the_o moscovite_n and_o caminiec_n enjoy_v by_o the_o turk_n so_o that_o there_o remain_v but_o thirteen_o bishopric_n actual_o in_o the_o king_n dominion_n of_o which_o but_o two_o be_v archbishopric_n viz._n those_o of_o gnesna_n and_o leopol_n when_o any_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a three_o bishopric_n be_v vacant_a there_o be_v always_o those_o ready_a that_o will_v beg_v their_o title_n mere_o to_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o sit_v as_o senator_n the_o several_a diocese_n belong_v to_o all_o poland_n these_o bishopric_n be_v archiepiscopal_a of_o gnesna_n and_o leopol_n episcopal_a of_o cracow_n cujavia_n and_o pomerania_n vilna_n posnan_n plocksko_n or_o plosko_fw-mi varmia_n luceoria_n or_o lucko_n premislia_n or_o premislaw_n samegitia_n culm_n chelm_fw-ge kiovia_n caminiec_n and_o smolensko_n subject_a to_o the_o two_o archbishop_n be_v the_o other_o bishop_n and_o first_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v the_o several_a bishop_n of_o cracow_n vladislaw_n archbishop_n posnan_n plosko_fw-mi vilna_n varmia_n samogitia_n and_o culm_n and_o next_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o chelm_fw-ge caminiec_fw-la luceoria_fw-la premislia_n and_o kiovia_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v not_o only_o state_n chief_a of_o the_o bishop_n but_o also_o of_o all_o the_o other_o senator_n of_o poland_n he_o be_v
priest_n former_o poland_n be_v overrun_v with_o hussites_n picard_n anabaptist_n arrian_n tritheist_n photian_n ebionite_n nestorian_n and_o socinian_o but_o the_o former_a of_o these_o have_v be_v 1658._o some_o time_n since_o extirpated_a and_o the_o socinian_o be_v first_o eject_v by_o john_n casimir_n oblige_v they_o by_o his_o edict_n to_o quit_v the_o kingdom_n immediate_o and_o allow_v they_o three_o year_n to_o dispose_v of_o their_o effect_n these_o three_o year_n be_v afterward_o reduce_v to_o two_o by_o a_o follow_a edict_n but_o notwithstanding_o these_o positive_a law_n several_a of_o this_o sect_n lurk_v about_o in_o the_o kingdom_n from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o some_o be_v protect_v by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o gentry_n the_o late_a king_n john_n sobieski_n publish_v a_o new_a 1673._o edict_n more_o severe_a than_o either_o of_o the_o former_a whereby_o the_o socinian_o be_v forthwith_o drive_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n calvinist_n i_o must_v not_o omit_v to_o acquaint_v your_o grace_n that_o there_o be_v abundance_n of_o lutheran_n and_o calvinist_n in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o that_o chief_o in_o the_o province_n of_o regal_a prussia_n who_o have_v all_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n allow_v they_o and_o who_o the_o king_n be_v oblige_v to_o tolerate_v and_o protect_v by_o his_o coronation-oath_n the_o lutheran_n be_v call_v by_o the_o pole_n sassowiez_n saxon_n because_o luther_n live_v and_o teach_v in_o saxony_n and_o the_o calvinist_n zborocoi_fw-fr conventicler_n from_o the_o polish_v word_n zbor_n signify_v a_o unlawful_a meeting_n i_o shall_v have_v observe_v that_o the_o prussian_n become_v christian_n after_o the_o pole_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o prussian_n so_o ready_o embrace_v the_o lutheran_n doctrine_n cromerus_n attribute_n to_o their_o be_v chief_o germane_a or_o to_o their_o read_v the_o book_n of_o that_o nation_n the_o first_o polish_v nobleman_n convert_v to_o calvinism_n be_v nicholas_n radzivil_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismundus_n augustus_n who_o receive_v all_o that_o sect_n into_o his_o protection_n at_o his_o house_n at_o viena_n where_o they_o have_v their_o service_n in_o the_o polish_v language_n but_o this_o family_n be_v at_o present_a extinct_a the_o last_o person_n of_o it_o be_v a_o daughter_n and_o marry_v to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburgh_n son_n yet_o nevertheless_o many_o of_o this_o sect_n still_o remain_v in_o poland_n poland_n there_o be_v beside_o armenian_n jew_n and_o tartar_n in_o this_o kingdom_n who_o all_o enjoy_v their_o different_a persuasion_n and_o ceremony_n as_o for_o the_o armenian_n they_o inhabit_v chief_o in_o certain_a town_n of_o russia_n and_o podolia_n and_o have_v their_o peculiar_a prelate_n abbot_n and_o priest_n their_o service_n be_v always_o exercise_v in_o their_o own_o language_n these_o as_o in_o other_o country_n acknowledge_v the_o supremacy_n of_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n the_o jew_n be_v every_o where_o to_o be_v find_v in_o poland_n and_o enjoy_v their_o religion_n and_o other_o privilege_n without_o interruption_n only_o they_o be_v restrain_v from_o trade_v within_o twelve_o league_n of_o warsaw_n by_o the_o constitution_n their_o number_n be_v so_o great_a that_o mr._n patric_n ogleby_n who_o have_v travel_v all_o over_o these_o country_n affirm_v that_o there_o be_v above_o two_o million_o of_o they_o in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o that_o they_o be_v so_o privilege_v that_o all_o this_o vast_a body_n pay_v not_o above_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o tinfe_v or_o florence_o a_o year_n to_o the_o state_n which_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o twenty_o thousand_o dollar_n in_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o listhuania_n there_o be_v moreover_o about_o thirty_o thousand_o tartar_n with_o liberty_n of_o the_o turkish_a religion_n they_o have_v be_v there_o near_o six_o hundred_o year_n and_o for_o the_o continuance_n of_o their_o privilege_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o send_v twelve_o hundred_o man_n yearly_o to_o the_o war_n against_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o great_a many_o idolater_n on_o the_o frontier_n of_o this_o kingdom_n who_o still_o retain_v their_o ancient_a superstition_n whereof_o one_o be_v that_o whenever_o any_o one_o die_v and_o though_o it_o be_v a_o year_n or_o more_o afterward_o that_o another_o die_v likewise_o they_o present_o go_v and_o dig_v up_o the_o first_o body_n and_o cut_v off_o its_o head_n thereby_o to_o prevent_v as_o they_o say_v the_o death_n of_o any_o more_o of_o their_o family_n prevail_v notwithstanding_o poland_n admit_v of_o all_o these_o religion_n yet_o that_o which_o prevail_v most_o be_v the_o roman_n catholic_n which_o the_o pole_n have_v continue_v steadfast_a in_o for_o above_o 700._o year_n they_o be_v so_o zealous_a in_o the_o maintain_n of_o this_o faith_n that_o they_o have_v a_o custom_n to_o draw_v their_o sword_n at_o the_o read_n of_o the_o gospel_n at_o mass_n and_o this_o to_o testify_v their_o readiness_n to_o defend_v it_o also_o they_o be_v so_o bigoted_a to_o their_o persuasion_n that_o they_o former_o will_v not_o intermarry_a with_o heretic_n as_o they_o call_v they_o contract_v any_o alliance_n with_o they_o accept_v of_o their_o assistance_n in_o war_n nor_o receive_v any_o of_o their_o sceptre_n offer_v they_o a_o example_n of_o which_o last_o we_o have_v in_o the_o person_n of_o jugello_n or_o vladislaus_n v._n who_o reject_v the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n mere_o because_o the_o hussites_n have_v then_o overrun_v that_o kingdom_n also_o in_o john_n casimir_n reign_n the_o swede_n be_v altogether_o eject_v poland_n on_o account_n of_o their_o be_v lutheran_n prefer_v the_o pole_n be_v thus_o zealous_a for_o the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n they_o will_v admit_v none_o into_o their_o senate_n diet_n or_o court_n of_o judicature_n except_o in_o those_o of_o prussia_n but_o of_o that_o persuasion_n also_o bishop_n always_o preside_v in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n to_o the_o end_n that_o nothing_o may_v be_v transact_v there_o in_o prejudice_n of_o that_o faith_n the_o lesser_a clergy_n likewise_o select_v out_o of_o the_o several_a college_n and_o chapter_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v appoint_v to_o have_v seat_n in_o the_o tribunal_n and_o other_o court_n of_o justice_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v oftentimes_o bishop_n and_o the_o great_a secretary_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n have_v always_o be_v a_o ecclesiastic_a clergy_n the_o regular_a clergy_n in_o poland_n be_v general_o more_o esteem_v than_o the_o secular_a for_o they_o can_v perform_v all_o the_o office_n of_o parish_n priest_n without_o have_v permission_n from_o the_o bishop_n and_o friar_n mendicant_n be_v allow_v to_o enter_v the_o most_o private_a part_n of_o any_o house_n without_o so_o much_o as_o knock_n at_o the_o door_n there_o be_v all_o sort_n of_o religious_a order_n in_o poland_n except_o 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to_o eat_v butter_n or_o cheese_n on_o fast-day_n though_o they_o have_v permission_n from_o the_o church_n for_o when_o cardinal_n radziouski_n once_o obtain_v they_o that_o liberty_n from_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n they_o absolute_o refuse_v it_o say_v that_o his_o holiness_n be_v a_o heretic_n this_o rigid_a custom_n they_o have_v observe_v ever_o since_o the_o pope_n make_v they_o once_o fast_o for_o a_o hundred_o year_n together_o for_o some_o enormous_a crime_n and_o which_o it_o may_v be_v they_o do_v not_o think_v yet_o sufficient_o expiate_v they_o also_o be_v so_o obstinate_a in_o their_o abstain_v from_o flesh_n that_o they_o will_v not_o eat_v any_o though_o they_o be_v sick_a and_o advise_v thereto_o by_o their_o doctor_n and_o permit_v by_o their_o priest_n clergy_n as_o for_o the_o secular_a inferior_a clergy_n they_o be_v either_o collegiate_n or_o parochial_a and_o both_o be_v much_o after_o the_o same_o nature_n as_o with_o we_o the_o canon_n be_v never_o almost_o present_a at_o the_o office_n for_o they_o
before_o the_o king_n wherever_o he_o go_v and_o to_o take_v care_n that_o all_o the_o court-officer_n perform_v their_o duty_n in_o their_o several_a station_n over_o who_o he_o have_v the_o sole_a jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_a case_n if_o any_o person_n so_o much_o as_o wound_v one_o of_o his_o officer_n he_o lose_v his_o head_n for_o it_o by_o a_o law_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1573._o he_o be_v moreover_o the_o introducer_n of_o all_o ambassador_n perquisites_n he_o have_v a_o exceed_a great_a benefit_n by_o impose_v prize_n on_o merchant_n ware_n for_o they_o general_o make_v he_o great_a present_n and_o bribe_n to_o augment_v their_o profit_n nevertheless_o his_o power_n be_v very_o much_o lessen_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n for_o than_o he_o must_v act_v in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o grand_a marshal_n of_o lithuania_n absence_n he_o always_o act_n by_o assistance_n of_o the_o court_n marshal_n who_o be_v his_o deputy_n in_o his_o absence_n and_o when_o the_o court_n marshal_n absent_v likewise_o the_o duty_n of_o that_o office_n be_v require_v from_o the_o grand_a marshal_n of_o lithuania_n and_o in_o his_o absence_n from_o his_o little_a marshal_n and_o when_o all_o these_o be_v absent_a that_o duty_n be_v incumbent_a on_o the_o chancellor_n and_o treasurer_n in_o their_o respective_a turn_v the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o grand_a marshal_n or_o grand_a steward_n of_o lithuania_n his_o office_n be_v much_o the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o grand_a marshal_n of_o poland_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o first_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o great_a chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o second_v lay_n senator_n be_v the_o great_a chancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o three_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o four_o lay_n senator_n be_v the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n kingdom_n the_o chancellor_n and_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n must_v be_v the_o one_o ecclesiastical_a and_o the_o other_o secular_a by_o a_o law_n make_v at_o cracow_n in_o the_o time_n of_o sigismond_n i._n but_o those_o of_o the_o great_a duchy_n be_v both_o oblige_v to_o be_v secular_a though_o 528._o hartknoch_n say_v there_o be_v no_o law_n against_o a_o bishop_n be_v chancellor_n there_o authority_n they_o have_v each_o of_o they_o two_o seal_n the_o chancellor_n the_o great_a seal_n and_o the_o vicechancellor_n the_o lesser_a their_o authority_n be_v equal_a except_o that_o the_o former_a always_o take_v place_n of_o the_o latter_a though_o he_o happen_v to_o be_v a_o bishop_n and_o that_o the_o vicechancellor_n do_v not_o act_v but_o in_o absence_n of_o the_o chancellor_n or_o at_o least_o under_o he_o power_n the_o chancellor_n office_n be_v to_o take_v cognizance_n of_o all_o civil_a affair_n to_o see_v justice_n do_v the_o law_n observe_v and_o to_o render_v ineffectual_a the_o cabal_n and_o intrigue_n of_o foreign_a prince_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o liberty_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o republic_n they_o be_v to_o seal_v all_o the_o king_n mandate_n and_o grant_n and_o to_o receive_v and_o answer_v all_o his_o letter_n their_o power_n also_o be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o can_v seal_v several_a thing_n without_o the_o king_n consent_n and_o refuse_v as_o many_o where_o he_o command_v if_o they_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o state_n the_o chancellor_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n the_o vicechancellor_n answer_v to_o all_o speech_n make_v the_o king_n and_o propose_v all_o matter_n to_o be_v debate_v in_o the_o senate_n he_o of_o the_o two_o that_o be_v ecclesiastical_a have_v a_o power_n over_o the_o king_n secretary_n chaplain_n and_o preacher_n as_o likewise_o over_o all_o the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o church_n which_o in_o any_o wise_a relate_v to_o the_o king_n they_o be_v the_o general_a chronicler_n and_o publisher_n of_o the_o law_n and_o take_v cognisance_n of_o all_o appeal_v make_v to_o the_o king_n other_o the_o vicechancellor_n general_o succeed_v the_o chancellor_n though_o sometime_o in_o lithuania_n it_o have_v happen_v otherwise_o the_o ecclesiastical_a chancellor_n or_o vicechancellor_n of_o poland_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o mean_a bishopric_n as_o culm_n premislia_n chelm_fw-ge etc._n etc._n qualify_v they_o ought_v to_o be_v person_n of_o great_a prudence_n learning_n and_o probity_n their_o business_n be_v to_o admonish_v advise_v and_o direct_v the_o king_n in_o his_o administration_n of_o the_o government_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o five_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o great_a treasurer_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o six_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o great_a treasurer_n of_o the_o duchy_n authority_n these_o treasurer_n be_v master_n and_o guardian_n of_o the_o treasure_n and_o revenue_n of_o the_o republic_n which_o be_v bring_v they_o in_o by_o four_o general_a collector_n who_o all_o keep_v a_o true_a register_n of_o it_o give_v a_o copy_n thereof_o to_o the_o king_n and_o another_o to_o the_o treasurer_n they_o also_o have_v the_o keep_n of_o the_o regalia_z as_o the_o crown_n sceptre_n globe_n sword_n of_o state_n robe_n etc._n etc._n they_o moreover_o have_v in_o their_o custody_n all_o the_o king_n furniture_n and_o record_n and_o be_v to_o preside_v in_o the_o office_n of_o the_o mint_n they_o likewise_o pay_v all_o salary_n either_o of_o the_o military_a or_o civil_a list_n the_o treasurer_n privilege_n be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o give_v any_o account_n either_o to_o the_o king_n or_o any_o of_o his_o officer_n how_o they_o perform_v their_o trust_n but_o in_o due_a time_n the_o diet_n appoint_v commissioner_n for_o that_o purpose_n they_o be_v oblige_v faithful_o to_o charge_n and_o discharge_v themselves_o before_o they_o otherwise_o the_o republic_n may_v sue_v they_o for_o it_o and_o confiscate_v their_o land_n nevertheless_o the_o treasurer_n who_o most_o common_o misemploy_v the_o public_a stock_n by_o treat_v the_o commissioner_n well_o and_o make_v they_o considerable_a present_n withal_o often_o obtain_v their_o discharge_n without_o much_o difficulty_n trust_n i_o may_v here_o give_v your_o grace_n a_o account_n of_o a_o passage_n that_o happen_v when_o count_n morstyn_n be_v great_a treasurer_n of_o poland_n who_o have_v more_o regard_n to_o his_o own_o private_a interest_n than_o public_a benefit_n send_v all_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o treasury_n into_o france_n when_o fear_v that_o the_o diet_n will_v soon_o think_v fit_a to_o call_v he_o to_o account_n he_o retire_v private_o with_o all_o his_o effect_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o go_v to_o settle_v in_o france_n where_o he_o purchase_v the_o whole_a county_n of_o chateau-villain_n which_o be_v worth_a above_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o livre_n a_o year_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o seven_o lay_v senator_n be_v the_o little_a or_o court_n marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o eight_o lie_v senator_n be_v the_o little_a or_o court_n marshal_n of_o the_o duchy_n it_o these_o court_n marshal_n in_o the_o time_n of_o vladislaus_n vii_o have_v a_o contest_v with_o the_o chancellor_n for_o precedence_n but_o at_o length_n they_o be_v order_v to_o be_v content_v with_o the_o last_o place_n in_o the_o senate_n therefore_o starovolscius_fw-la who_o in_o his_o colen_n edition_n of_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n place_n they_o next_o to_o the_o great_a marshal_n in_o that_o of_o dantzic_n put_v they_o last_o of_o all_o officer_n it_o will_v not_o be_v here_o amiss_o to_o acquaint_v your_o grace_n that_o beside_o these_o ten_o crown-officer_n there_o be_v three_o other_o sort_n of_o officer_n which_o be_v not_o senator_n and_o they_o be_v either_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o great_a duchy_n the_o king_n court_n or_o belong_v peculiar_o to_o palatinate_n and_o district_v the_o principal_a of_o the_o first_o kind_a be_v these_o general_n the_o two_o grand_a general_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o great_a duchy_n who_o be_v the_o king_n be_v immediate_a substitute_n and_o have_v a_o full_a power_n to_o do_v whatever_o his_o majesty_n can_v be_v he_o present_a though_o this_o dignity_n of_o great_a general_n be_v the_o most_o considerable_a and_o honourable_a of_o any_o in_o the_o republic_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o make_v the_o person_n that_o enjoy_v it_o to_o be_v a_o senator_n nor_o qualify_v he_o to_o have_v the_o least_o seat_n in_o the_o diet_n unless_o he_o be_v therewithal_o a_o palatin_n or_o castellan_n as_o most_o common_o he_o be_v authority_n the_o two_o great_a general_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n have_v equal_a power_n in_o their_o respective_a state_n and_o have_v no_o dependence_n upon_o each_o other_o unless_o that_o the_o great_a general_n of_o lithuania_n always_o give_v place_n to_o he_o of_o poland_n yet_o have_v he_o the_o sole_a command_n
the_o church_n and_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v assist_v to_o they_o in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o sentence_n as_o often_o as_o they_o shall_v be_v so_o require_v nunciature_n to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n belong_v the_o court_n of_o nunciature_n hold_v by_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n for_o that_o purpose_n always_o reside_v in_o poland_n however_o before_o he_o can_v have_v any_o jurisdiction_n he_o must_v have_v present_v the_o king_n and_o the_o principal_a minister_n of_o state_n with_o the_o apostolic_a brief_n of_o his_o nunciature_n court_n the_o civil_a jurisdiction_n be_v divide_v among_o divers_a sort_n of_o judge_n and_o belong_v to_o the_o commonalty_n as_o well_o as_o gentry_n some_o of_o these_o determine_v cause_n exempt_a from_o appeal_n and_o other_o can_v tribunal_n those_o from_o who_o there_o lie_v no_o appeal_n be_v the_o three_o hightribunal_n institute_v by_o stephen_n batori_n the_o judge_n whereof_o be_v all_o gentry_n two_o of_o these_o tribunal_n be_v for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o one_o for_o the_o great_a duchy_n those_o for_o the_o kingdom_n keep_v their_o session_n six_o month_n at_o petricovia_n in_o low_a poland_n and_o the_o other_o six_o at_o lublin_n in_o high_a poland_n that_o for_o the_o great_a duchy_n be_v alternative_o one_o year_n at_o vilna_n and_o another_o either_o at_o novogrodec_n or_o minski_n they_o all_o consist_v of_o so_o many_o judge_n both_o ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a choose_v out_o of_o every_o palatinate_n the_o former_a once_o in_o four_o year_n and_o the_o latter_a once_o in_o two_o judgement_n be_v pronounce_v here_o by_o plurality_n of_o voice_n but_o where_o matter_n be_v pure_o ecclesiastical_a there_o ought_v to_o be_v as_o many_o of_o the_o clergy_n as_o the_o laity_n the_o cause_n here_o be_v hear_v in_o order_n for_o three_o day_n be_v allow_v to_o enter_v all_o that_o come_v and_o whatever_o be_v not_o enter_v within_o that_o time_n can_v be_v adjudge_v that_o sit_v a_o man_n that_o have_v a_o trial_n in_o these_o court_n may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v all_o the_o nation_n for_o his_o judge_n deputy_n both_o ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a be_v send_v thither_o for_o that_o purpose_n from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n green-cloth_n the_o senate_n also_o judge_n of_o civil_a or_o criminal_a matter_n without_o appeal_n as_o do_v likewise_o the_o great_a marshal_n in_o all_o case_n relate_v to_o the_o king_n officer_n and_o the_o great_a chancellor_n in_o matter_n of_o appeal_n to_o the_o court_n which_o they_o have_v only_a cognisance_n of_o but_o the_o marshal_n jurisdiction_n extend_v over_o all_o merchant_n and_o stranger_n both_o who_o find_v but_o little_a justice_n do_v they_o in_o poland_n when_o they_o have_v occasion_n for_o it_o court_v also_o there_o be_v two_o exchequer_n court_v for_o the_o revenue_n one_o hold_v at_o radom_n in_o high_a poland_n and_o the_o other_o at_o vilna_n these_o court_n seldom_o sit_v above_o a_o fortnight_n or_o three_o week_n appeal_n those_o that_o be_v not_o exempt_a from_o appeal_n be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o commonalty_n in_o every_o palatinate_n which_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o have_v any_o of_o the_o clergy_n for_o judge_n those_o for_o the_o gentry_n be_v either_o the_o court_n of_o land-judicature_n or_o those_o of_o the_o starostas_n and_o be_v more_o or_o few_o in_o number_n according_a to_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o palatinate_n where_o they_o be_v hold_v judge_n the_o court_n of_o land-judicature_n have_v one_o judge_n a_o associate_n and_o a_o natory_n or_o head-clerk_n to_o try_v cause_n and_o administer_v all_o civil_a justice_n in_o some_o place_n four_o in_o other_o six_o time_n a_o year_n and_o in_o other_o once_o a_o month._n the_o courseof_o these_o court_n can_v only_o be_v interrupt_v by_o the_o death_n of_o any_o of_o their_o judge_n by_o the_o diet_n or_o by_o the_o general_a meeting_n of_o the_o palatine_n and_o magistrate_n which_o 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palatine_a have_v a_o right_a of_o choose_v the_o magistrate_n though_o he_o have_v not_o the_o same_o power_n to_o dis-place_n they_o after_o they_o be_v once_o choose_v for_o they_o be_v to_o continue_v their_o office_n for_o life_n unless_o they_o forfeit_v it_o by_o infamy_n or_o inability_n out_o of_o the_o xxiv_o compose_v the_o council_n or_o senate_n of_o cracow_n the_o palatine_a every_o year_n depute_v eight_o with_o the_o title_n and_o power_n of_o president_n he_o also_o name_v the_o judge_n and_o scabins_n by_o the_o magdeburg_n law_n though_o these_o in_o other_o city_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o council_n the_o scultet_n or_o hereditary_a judge_n can_v be_v remove_v but_o in_o extraordinary_a case_n profit_n the_o profit_n of_o all_o office_n be_v but_o very_o small_a and_o scarce_o any_o certain_a the_o pole_n esteem_v the_o honour_n of_o enjoy_v they_o sufficient_a recompense_n nevertheless_o they_o have_v all_o salary_n and_o perquisites_n though_o inconsiderable_a jurisdiction_n the_o military_a
it_o be_v practise_v in_o the_o last_o election_n with_o as_o much_o brevity_n and_o succinctness_n as_o possible_a and_o which_o be_v as_o follow_v swear_v after_o the_o king_n have_v thus_o be_v conduct_v into_o the_o church_n the_o ceremony_n forthwith_o begin_v first_o the_o archbishop_n in_o a_o short_a oration_n exhort_v the_o king_n to_o continue_v steadfast_a in_o the_o roman_a communion_n to_o exercise_v all_o regal_a and_o princely_a virtue_n and_o last_o to_o remunerate_v his_o obligation_n to_o the_o republic_n by_o a_o just_a and_o inviolable_a administration_n of_o the_o government_n after_o which_o the_o archbishop_n ask_v he_o to_o this_o effect_n in_o latin_a will_v you_o support_v and_o maintain_v the_o holy_a catholic_n faith_n and_o uphold_v it_o by_o good_a work_n to_o which_o the_o king_n answer_v i_o will_n then_o the_o archbishop_n ask_v he_o again_o will_v you_o protect_v and_o defend_v the_o church_n and_o their_o minister_n answer_n i_o will_n then_o the_o 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upper_a part_n of_o his_o clothes_n take_v off_o when_o the_o archbishop_n anoint_v his_o right_a hand_n and_o arm_n up_z to_z his_o elbow_z and_o shoulder_n with_o consecrate_a oil_n with_o these_o word_n i_o anoint_v thou_o king_n with_o consecrate_a oil_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o father_n son_n and_o holy_a ghost_n amen_o and_o then_o he_o have_v his_o clothes_n put_v on_o again_o afterward_o the_o two_o bishop_n lead_v he_o to_o a_o chapel_n on_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o church_n where_o they_o habit_n he_o anew_o somewhat_o like_o a_o bishop_n after_o which_o he_o have_v other_o ornament_n put_v on_o by_o the_o two_o marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o great_a duchy_n and_o then_o he_o be_v convey_v by_o the_o senator-officer_n the_o standard-bearer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n walk_v before_o to_o the_o throne_n raise_v for_o he_o in_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o church_n whence_o after_o have_v hear_v mass_n he_o be_v bring_v back_o to_o the_o altar_n where_o the_o 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into_o the_o king_n right_a hand_n and_o the_o globe_n into_o his_o left_a when_o the_o king_n rise_v his_o sword_n be_v give_v again_o to_o the_o swordbearer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o bear_v before_o he_o enthrone_v after_o this_o his_o majesty_n be_v bring_v back_o between_o the_o archbishop_n and_o the_o two_o bishop_n to_o the_o throne_n wherein_o he_o be_v forthwith_o place_v by_o the_o archbishop_n with_o these_o word_n sit_v and_o maintain_v the_o place_n give_v you_o by_o god_n etc._n etc._n the_o king_n be_v thus_o seat_v the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n return_v to_o the_o altar_n where_o they_o sing_v te_fw-la deum_fw-la which_o be_v end_v and_o the_o archbishop_n sit_v down_o by_o the_o altar_n the_o king_n come_v and_o offer_v he_o gold_n kiss_v his_o hand_n and_o have_v make_v his_o confession_n to_o he_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n and_o benediction_n from_o he_o king_n thus_o the_o ceremony_n be_v at_o a_o end_n the_o archbishop_n rises_z and_o give_v his_o benediction_n to_o all_o present_a when_o the_o court-marshal_n with_o a_o loud_a voice_n cry_v out_o vivat_fw-la rex_fw-la vivat_fw-la rex_fw-la which_o signal_n be_v take_v from_o he_o by_o the_o people_n all_o the_o church_n soon_o ring_v with_o the_o same_o joyful_a note_n after_o which_o the_o great_a treasurer_n scatter_v a_o great_a number_n of_o coronation-medal_n among_o the_o people_n and_o the_o gun_n begin_v to_o roar_v out_o their_o satisfaction_n in_o what_o have_v be_v do_v when_o the_o king_n forthwith_o return_v to_o his_o court_n with_o great_a pomp_n and_o magnificence_n thereupon_o the_o coronation_n be_v thus_o complete_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o various_a kind_n of_o feast_n and_o rejoice_n among_o which_o there_o be_v one_o very_o particular_a in_o the_o king_n court_n where_o they_o roast_v three_o whole_a ox_n stuff_v and_o lard_v with_o divers_a kind_n of_n fatten_v wild_a beast_n when_o they_o also_o give_v a_o great_a many_o hogshead_n of_o wine_n and_o beer_n
to_o the_o people_n knight_v next_o day_n the_o king_n go_v on_o horseback_n rich_o attire_v and_o in_o great_a pomp_n to_o the_o town-house_n some_o of_o the_o senators_z carrying_z the_o regalia_z before_o he_o the_o order_n of_o march_n be_v the_o bishop_n behind_o and_o the_o lay_n senator_n before_o and_o then_o the_o other_o officer_n nuncios_fw-la etc._n etc._n before_o they_o while_o he_o be_v in_o procession_n the_o great_a treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n scatter_v among_o the_o people_n a_o great_a number_n both_o of_o gold_n and_o silver_n medal_n more_o from_o the_o castle_n to_o the_o town-house_n here_o he_o be_v habit_v anew_o with_o his_o royal_a robe_n and_o seat_v in_o a_o splendid_a throne_n erect_v on_o purpose_n when_o the_o senate_n sit_v in_o a_o inferior_a degree_n on_o each_o hand_n of_o he_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o city_n come_v to_o pay_v he_o their_o homage_n and_o to_o assure_v he_o of_o their_o fidelity_n and_o loyalty_n present_v he_o again_o 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return_v back_o to_o the_o castle_n scatters_z some_o more_o medal_n among_o the_o people_n whilst_o the_o canon_n proclaim_v their_o joy_n and_o if_o it_o be_v night_n as_o general_o it_o be_v by_o that_o time_n all_o these_o ceremony_n be_v over_o the_o firework_n be_v light_v and_o various_a proof_n of_o satisfaction_n be_v every_o where_o both_o to_o be_v see_v and_o hear_v proclaim_v the_o king_n be_v thus_o establish_v in_o the_o throne_n the_o diet_n of_o the_o coronation_n sit_v where_o first_o the_o primate_n lay_v down_o his_o authority_n of_o inter-rex_a and_o then_o every_o individual_a member_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o diet_n take_v a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o supremacy_n to_o the_o king_n after_o which_o his_o majesty_n be_v invest_v with_o the_o plenary_a regal_a authority_n he_o give_v new_a seal_n to_o the_o chancellor_n and_o the_o marshal_n bear_v their_o staff_n erect_v before_o he_o then_o he_o issue_v out_o his_o royal_a proclamation_n command_v all_o 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cause_v his_o queen_n cecilia_n renata_n to_o be_v crown_v at_o warsaw_n and_o king_n michael_n his_o queen_n eleonora_n in_o the_o same_o city_n but_o however_o this_o last_o be_v with_o leave_n of_o the_o diet_n though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o forbid_v it_o to_o go_v for_o a_o precedent_n for_o the_o future_a what_o have_v be_v say_v about_o a_o queen_n be_v not_o be_v to_o be_v crown_v if_o a_o dowager_n survive_v be_v not_o so_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o several_a example_n it_o as_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o queen_n coronation_n alone_o it_o must_v be_v with_o the_o king_n consent_n he_o must_v request_v it_o of_o the_o republic_n he_o must_v be_v present_a at_o the_o ceremony_n he_o must_v lead_v his_o queen_n into_o the_o church_n and_o he_o must_v present_v she_o to_o the_o archbishop_n or_o other_o bishop_n who_o be_v to_o crown_v she_o anoint_v she_o with_o consecrate_a oil_n and_o to_o put_v a_o sceptre_n into_o her_o right_a hand_n and_o globe_n into_o she_o 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gentleman_n though_o he_o be_v never_o so_o noble_a in_o his_o own_o country_n can_v be_v capable_a of_o any_o preferment_n here_o unless_o it_o be_v some_o inconsiderable_a post_n in_o the_o army_n the_o high_a whereof_o be_v a_o colonel_n or_o at_o most_o a_o major-general_n which_o be_v much_o the_o same_o with_o a_o brigadeer_n in_o our_o army_n so_o that_o there_o be_v little_a or_o no_o encouragement_n for_o person_n of_o foreign_a country_n of_o what_o merit_n or_o degree_n soever_o to_o go_v to_o serve_v this_o republic_n which_o prove_v no_o small_a inconvenience_n and_o prejudice_n to_o their_o state_n few_o as_o for_o the_o citizen_n and_o peasant_n they_o be_v exclude_v from_o all_o preferment_n and_o can_v have_v no_o possession_n unless_o they_o be_v a_o few_o house_n in_o a_o city_n or_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o land_n about_o a_o league_n off_o in_o the_o
country_n but_o here_o the_o citizen_n in_o prussia_n be_v except_v for_o they_o may_v possess_v land_n of_o what_o extent_n soever_o out_o of_o their_o city_n also_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o cracow_n may_v purchase_v and_o enjoy_v land_n in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n likewise_o the_o magistrate_n of_o vilna_n have_v a_o power_n to_o possess_v land_n and_o the_o city_n of_o leopol_n in_o like_a manner_n have_v a_o privilege_n for_o its_o private_a citizen_n to_o hold_v land_n privilege_n a_o nobleman_n gentleman_z or_o one_o that_o be_v freeborn_a of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n every_o gentleman_n have_v his_o coat_n of_o arm_n grant_v he_o by_o the_o republic_n but_o then_o either_o he_o or_o some_o of_o his_o family_n must_v have_v possession_n in_o land_n there_o he_o can_v pretend_v to_o all_o the_o great_a employment_n and_o office_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o buy_v land_n where_o he_o please_v all_o over_o the_o dominion_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n he_o have_v moreover_o a_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n if_o his_o credit_n and_o interest_n can_v procure_v it_o every_o gentleman_n be_v a_o sovereign_a lord_n and_o master_n in_o his_o own_o land_n for_o he_o have_v the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o his_o tenant_n or_o as_o the_o pole_n term_v they_o his_o subject_n though_o i_o may_v better_o call_v they_o his_o slave_n for_o they_o have_v neither_o privilege_n nor_o law_n to_o protect_v they_o but_o be_v to_o be_v govern_v absolute_o by_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o their_o lord_n they_o dare_v not_o leave_v his_o land_n to_o go_v to_o another_o under_o pain_n of_o death_n unless_o he_o sell_v they_o to_o his_o neighbour_n as_o he_o have_v the_o power_n to_o do_v or_o have_v violate_v or_o ravish_v their_o wife_n or_o daughter_n insomuch_o that_o i_o have_v hear_v that_o some_o have_v wish_v to_o have_v have_v a_o fine_a wife_n or_o daughter_n that_o their_o lord_n may_v thereby_o have_v give_v they_o occasion_n to_o get_v rid_v of_o he_o convict_v if_o a_o gentleman_n kill_v another_o gentleman_n slave_n he_o be_v neither_o to_o be_v try_v nor_o punish_v for_o it_o and_o be_v only_o oblige_v to_o give_v that_o gentleman_n another_o slave_n in_o the_o room_n of_o he_o or_o as_o much_o money_n as_o will_v buy_v one_o and_o beside_o to_o maintain_v the_o family_n of_o the_o person_n that_o he_o have_v kill_v likewise_o if_o he_o kill_v one_o of_o his_o own_o slave_n he_o only_o pay_v a_o matter_n of_o fifty_o livre_n to_o be_v quit_v nay_o if_o one_o gentleman_n kill_v another_o he_o can_v be_v apprehend_v nor_o clap_v into_o prison_n for_o his_o crime_n nisi_fw-la jure_fw-la victus_fw-la unless_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n have_v first_o convict_v he_o which_o common_o give_v he_o time_n enough_o to_o escape_v for_o he_o must_v first_o be_v cite_v to_o appear_v and_o upon_o his_o neglect_n he_o be_v declare_v contumacious_a and_o consequent_o convict_v but_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v suppose_v that_o he_o who_o know_v himself_o guilty_a will_v not_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o appear_v nor_o venture_v the_o lose_n of_o his_o head_n this_o honour_n the_o pole_n likewise_o bestow_v on_o the_o common_a people_n hang_v being_n not_o the_o usual_a way_n of_o execution_n in_o their_o country_n exception_n however_o hartknoch_n have_v these_o exception_n from_o this_o privilege_n for_o say_v he_o if_o a_o nobleman_n be_v take_v in_o the_o very_a act_n of_o ravish_v burn_v of_o house_n theft_n robbery_n or_o the_o like_a he_o may_v be_v apprehend_v by_o the_o law_n likewise_o if_o he_o will_v not_o give_v sufficient_a caution_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o offence_n or_o last_o if_o he_o be_v find_v in_o the_o register_n to_o have_v be_v thrice_o convict_v before_o notwithstanding_o this_o privilege_n of_o the_o nobility_n say_v hauteville_n i_o have_v know_v one_o instance_n to_o the_o contrary_a for_o those_o who_o assassinate_v gonczenski_n petty_a general_n of_o lithuania_n be_v seize_v without_o any_o formality_n and_o carry_v prisoner_n to_o elbing_n and_o be_v afterward_o condemn_v to_o be_v behead_v at_o the_o general_a diet_n at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1664._o but_o then_o this_o crime_n of_o they_o be_v so_o notorious_a that_o the_o nobility_n may_v well_o have_v wave_v their_o privilege_n for_o these_o villain_n take_v that_o gentleman_n out_o of_o his_o bed_n at_o vilna_n and_o put_v he_o into_o a_o coach_n with_o a_o confessor_n carry_v he_o out_o of_o the_o city_n where_o they_o scarce_o allow_v he_o time_n to_o say_v his_o prayer_n before_o they_o shoot_v he_o dead_a with_o pistol_n consent_n a_o polish_v nobleman_n though_o he_o be_v proscribe_v and_o cite_v and_o find_v guilty_a can_v be_v execute_v without_o the_o king_n knowledge_n and_o consent_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o case_n of_o samuel_n zborowski_n who_o though_o he_o have_v be_v proscribe_v and_o condemn_v by_o the_o great_a chancellor_n and_o general_n of_o the_o army_n zamoiski_n yet_o will_v he_o not_o presume_v to_o behead_v he_o till_o he_o have_v know_v king_n stephen_n pleasure_n therein_o soldier_n the_o polish_v gentry_n also_o have_v another_o privilege_n which_o be_v that_o no_o soldier_n or_o officer_n of_o the_o army_n can_v be_v quarter_v upon_o they_o for_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v presume_v to_o attempt_v such_o a_o thing_n the_o diet_n will_v either_o condemn_v he_o to_o death_n or_o pronounce_v he_o infamous_a whereby_o he_o will_v be_v deprive_v of_o the_o power_n of_o give_v his_o vote_n in_o all_o assembly_n and_o moreover_o be_v render_v incapable_a of_o enjoy_v any_o office_n or_o employment_n in_o the_o state_n and_o this_o be_v as_o be_v degrade_v from_o his_o nobility_n whereupon_o i_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o a_o passage_n that_o happen_v at_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n of_o john_n iii_o and_o which_o do_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v towards_o his_o be_v choose_v the_o palatin_n of_o smolensko_n son_n go_v and_o quarter_v at_o the_o house_n of_o wiesnowiski_n without_o his_o leave_n as_o be_v report_v by_o order_n of_o the_o grand_a general_n patz_n which_o occasion_v the_o marshal_n who_o be_v judge_n in_o these_o case_n two_o day_n before_o the_o break_n up_o of_o the_o diet_n to_o deprive_v this_o palatin_n of_o his_o vote_n in_o the_o election_n whereby_o sobieski_n be_v free_v from_o a_o declare_a enemy_n and_o the_o austrian_a faction_n lose_v a_o profess_a friend_n gentry_n the_o king_n likewise_o can_v now_o lodge_v in_o any_o nobleman_n house_n against_o his_o will_n as_o he_o can_v before_o the_o year_n 1433._o also_o wherever_o any_o foreigner_n die_v without_o heir_n his_o estate_n escheat_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o those_o land_n where_o he_o die_v and_o not_o to_o the_o king_n and_o where_o any_o polish_v gentleman_n die_v without_o heir_n the_o king_n can_v seize_v upon_o his_o estate_n by_o right_a of_o escheat_n if_o he_o have_v a_o relation_n leave_v of_o the_o eight_o degree_n inclusive_o the_o gentry_n also_o may_v have_v house_n in_o the_o king_n city_n and_o town_n but_o then_o they_o must_v not_o let_v such_o trade_n inhabit_v they_o as_o may_v prove_v obnoxious_a or_o a_o nuisance_n to_o the_o citizen_n and_o likewise_o these_o house_n ought_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o city_n but_o which_o however_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o observe_v the_o house_n of_o a_o nobleman_n moreover_o be_v a_o kind_a of_o asylum_n for_o though_o delinquent_n may_v be_v arrest_v there_o with_o his_o consent_n yet_o can_v they_o be_v take_v thence_o by_o force_n diet._n not_o less_o be_v a_o nobleman_n privilege_n as_o to_o custom_n and_o tax_n for_o if_o he_o will_v swear_v his_o good_n be_v not_o buy_v but_o arise_v from_o his_o land_n he_o may_v send_v they_o any_o where_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o be_v sell_v without_o pay_v duty_n and_o where_o he_o have_v once_o so_o swear_v his_o testimonial_n alone_o for_o the_o future_a will_v suffice_v to_o exempt_v they_o also_o his_o subject_n will_v have_v the_o same_o privilege_n wherever_o they_o trade_n in_o prussia_n the_o noble_n be_v not_o only_o free_a from_o custom_n but_o likewise_o all_o the_o other_o inhabitant_n by_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o culm_n but_o although_o the_o polish_v nobility_n be_v thus_o say_v to_o be_v free_a from_o tax_n yet_o upon_o emergent_a occasion_n and_o exigency_n the_o diet_n usual_o oblige_v they_o to_o pay_v they_o for_o a_o certain_a time_n preemption_n the_o nobility_n also_o have_v a_o privilege_n of_o preemption_n of_o salt_n for_o in_o the_o staple_n for_o that_o commodity_n there_o must_v be_v at_o least_o a_o month_n notice_n before_o any_o can_v be_v sell_v to_o any_o body_n else_o notwithstanding_o after_o all_o these_o privilege_n the_o polish_v nobility_n
must_v always_o flourish_v for_o several_a reason_n 111._o guard_n horse_n 29._o chief_a commander_n of_o guard_n in_o the_o camp_n 79._o captain_n of_o the_o guard_n against_o the_o incursion_n 76._o gnesna_n archbishop_n of_o vide_fw-la primate_n genius_n of_o polish_v government_n to_o what_o bent_n 31._o general_n great_a power_n and_o authority_n 74._o duty_n 75._o present_v great_a general_n ibid._n dignity_n successive_a ibid._n their_o power_n and_o duration_n 29_o etc._n etc._n *_o general_n lieutenant_n their_o office_n 75._o title_n and_o power_n 30_o etc._n etc._n *_o other_o general-officer_n 31_o *_o governor_n of_o mine_n 78._o of_o the_o mint_n ibid._n gun_n founder_n foreign_a 28_o *_o glass_n polish_v manner_n of_o make_v it_o 88_o *_o garden_n and_o orchard_n seldom_o any_o in_o poland_n 199._o h._n head-collector_n of_o a_o district_n 79._o high-podolia_a vide_fw-la in_o p._n house_n in_o poland_n their_o description_n 198._o furniture_n 199._o house_n of_o the_o rustic_n in_o lithuania_n 197._o habitation_n and_o furniture_n of_o the_o peasant_n in_o prussia_n 234._o horse_n why_o little_a in_o lithuania_n 229_o etc._n etc._n hair_n canular_a 96_o *_o i._o jew_n in_o poland_n enjoy_v their_o religion_n and_o privilege_n 49._o restrain_v from_o trading_n ib._n their_o number_n ibid._n idolater_n where_o to_o be_v find_v 50._o retain_v superstition_n ib._n example_n ib._n judge_n and_o assistant_n of_o a_o district_n 78._o jurisdiction_n military_a whole_o in_o the_o king_n be_v or_o his_o general_n be_v hand_n 121._o palatine_n and_o castellan_n likewise_o exercise_v their_o authority_n ib._n inn_n how_o call_v in_o polish_v 219._o have_v few_o conveniency_n 220._o jâ—â—_n belli_n polish_v some_o few_o particular_n thereof_o 32_o *_o k._n king_n of_o poland_n former_a power_n 2._o advantage_n thereby_o 3._o abridge_v by_o the_o gentry_n 4._o king_n happiness_n 11._o unhappiness_n ib._n etc._n etc._n modern_a power_n 13._o abroad_o and_o at_o home_n 14._o what_o his_o subject_n term_v he_o ib._n great_a respect_n pay_v he_o ib._n etc._n etc._n his_o title_n and_o prerogative_n 15_o etc._n etc._n pension_n household-officer_n and_o guard_n 16._o patrimonial_a estate_n and_o perquisites_n ib._n late_o his_o riches_n 17._o power_n limit_v in_o divers_a respect_n 19_o etc._n etc._n other_o limitation_n 21._o inconvenience_n thereby_o ib._n occasion_n of_o respect_n 22._o city_n present_v their_o key_n 23._o why_o he_o can_v make_v no_o levy_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n ib._n must_v not_o go_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n 24._o his_o legitimate_a issue_n much_o respect_v ib._n title_n of_o his_o elder_a and_o other_o son_n and_o daughter_n ib._n how_o lose_v 25._o example_n of_o the_o pole_n affection_n to_o the_o royal_a family_n ib._n illegitimate_a issue_n slight_v 26._o impossible_a to_o reduce_v his_o subject_n to_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n ib._n etc._n etc._n king_n not_o unhappy_a because_o not_o able_a to_o secure_v succession_n to_o his_o family_n 28._o his_o interest_n to_o head_n his_o army_n 75._o where_o the_o king_n suspend_v his_o opinion_n 97._o ought_v not_o to_o be_v present_a at_o trial_n for_o treason_n 99_o have_v no_o regal_a authority_n till_o crown_v 153._o go_v to_o receive_v homage_n and_o knight_n citizen_n 161_o etc._n etc._n be_v proclaim_v 162_o etc._n etc._n what_o follow_v 163._o his_o power_n and_o revenue_n in_o dantzic_n 48_o *_o kiovia_n bishopric_n of_o honorary_a 45._o kiovia_n palatinate_n of_o honorary_a 56._o l._n leopol_n city_n whence_o so_o name_v 40._o be_v the_o residence_n of_o three_o bishop_n ib._n luceoria_fw-la bishop_n of_o his_o diocese_n 44._o lutheran_n abundance_n in_o poland_n 48._o tolerate_v and_o protect_v ib._n name_n in_o polish_v ib._n how_o the_o prussian_n become_v so_o ib._n lay-senator_n their_o division_n and_o sub-division_n 54._o law_n what_o require_v to_o establish_v they_o 97_o where_o can_v be_v print_v 98._o their_o origin_n progress_n and_o present_a state_n 121._o lawdifference_n decide_v by_o the_o sword_n 179._o example_n 180._o lawyer_n their_o number_n and_o study_v 79_o etc._n etc._n *_o who_o seldom_o go_v to_o law_n 80_o *_o suppose_a judgement_n on_o a_o lawyer_n ib._n *_n lend_v and_o borrow_v in_o poland_n the_o manner_n of_o 195._o lithuania_n particular_n relate_v thereunto_o 224._o learn_v former_a 75_o *_o what_o discourage_v learning_n 81_o *_o language_n oriental_n disregard_v 76_o *_o present_v in_o poland_n ib._n etc._n etc._n *_o hard_o to_o pronounce_v 77_o *_o latin_a reason_n why_o the_o pole_n affect_v to_o speak_v it_o 77_o *_o livonia_n its_o first_o bishop_n 100_o *_o livonian_a order_n it_o be_v several_a master_n from_o 101_o to_o 105_o *_o residence_n of_o the_o order_n 105_o *_o addition_n concern_v this_o order_n 117_o *_o m._n marienburg_n pal._n a_o city_n of_o former_o seat_n of_o teutonic_n knight_n 58._o build_v 55_o *_o marshal_n great_a of_o poland_n his_o office_n power_n and_o authority_n 69._o duty_n and_o privilege_n ibid._n his_o perquisites_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n who_o officiate_n in_o his_o absence_n 70._o marshal_n great_a of_o lithuania_n his_o office_n 70._o marshal_n little_a contend_v for_o precedence_n 73._o mine_n their_o officer_n call_v zuppars_n 80._o meeting_n general_n of_o senator_n and_o deputy_n 90._o member_n of_o the_o diet_n how_o habit_v 103._o not_o to_o give_v reason_n for_o dissent_n to_o any_o bill_n 106._o magistrate_n and_o officer_n of_o plebeian_n court_v 120._o their_o profit_n 121._o marriage_n description_n and_o duration_n 203._o court-marriage_n 204._o custom_n thereat_o ib._n present_v make_v the_o bride_n 205._o espousal_n and_o ceremony_n ib._n etc._n etc._n who_o can_v be_v marry_v without_o dispensation_n 206._o qualification_n for_o marriage_n among_o the_o peasant_n 230._o mourn_v the_o manner_n in_o poland_n 208._o money_n little_o in_o poland_n and_o how_o occasion_v 36_o *_o what_o coin_v most_o current_a there_o ibid._n etc._n etc._n *_o contribute_v to_o poverty_n 37_o *_o other_o coin_n ib._n etc._n etc._n *_o first_o coin_n in_o prussia_n 49_o *_o present_v in_o dantzic_n ib._n etc._n etc._n *_o mittaw_fw-mi city_n of_o curland_n it_o be_v castle_n street_n and_o house_n 120_o *_o how_o often_o conquer_v and_o regain_v 120_o *_o calvinist-church_n there_o 121_o *_o n._n nunioes_n vide_fw-la deputy_n nobility_n vide_fw-la gentry_n notary_n chief_a 77._o notary_n camp_n 76._o nuncio-marshal_n vide_fw-la speaker_n naturalisation_n and_o manner_n of_o make_v noble_a 100_o how_o far_o qualify_v thereby_o ibid._n etc._n etc._n nobility_n how_o acquire_v 188._o a_o three_o way_n of_o become_v noble_a 189._o way_n of_o forfeit_v nobility_n ib._n where_o restore_v ib._n name_n polish_v what_o former_o and_o now_o 203._o o._n officer_n crown_n and_o court_n 28._o court_n in_o lithuania_n 29._o in_o several_a province_n ib._n etc._n etc._n some_o rather_o honorary_a than_o beneficial_a 30._o ten_o crown-officer_n where_o place_v in_o the_o diet_n 68_o who_o they_o be_v ibid._n those_o of_o the_o kingdom_n precede_v ib._n extra-senatorial_a officer_n 74._o great_a officer_n in_o the_o army_n 76._o of_o district_n 78._o some_o why_o so_o call_v 79._o military_a officer_n of_o district_n ib._n office_n by_o who_o plurality_n can_v be_v hold_v 67._o exception_n ib._n order_n of_o knighthood_n institute_v in_o poland_n but_o undervalue_v 179_o etc._n etc._n vide_fw-la teutonic_n order_n p._n poland_n undergo_v several_a change_n 2._o how_o expose_v to_o inconvenience_n 12._o physic_n practise_v in_o poland_n 89_o *_o medicine_n use_v ib._n *_n what_o disease_n 91_o *_o venereal_a how_o cure_v by_o a_o quack_n 90_o *_o odd_a method_n of_o cure_v wound_n 88_o *_o surprise_v particular_n 91._o *_o plica_fw-la disease_n its_o description_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n *_o unaccountableness_n and_o symptom_n 92_o *_o say_a to_o be_v contagious_a and_o hereditary_a 93_o *_o common_a to_o man_n and_o beast_n ibid._n *_o superstition_n concern_v it_o ibid._n etc._n etc._n *_o where_o most_o common_a and_o how_o cure_v by_o a_o jew_n 94_o *_o cause_n assert_v but_o question_v ibid._n etc._n etc._n *_o another_o account_n of_o the_o plica_fw-la 95_o etc._n etc._n *_o pole_n their_o division_n 4._o love_n for_o their_o king_n 12._o to_o extravagance_n 13._o behaviour_n at_o church_n 53._o their_o good_a temper_n and_o its_o effect_n 181._o how_o occasion_v 182._o their_o character_n 189._o complexion_n constitution_n etc._n etc._n 191._o their_o manner_n ibid._n further_n character_n 192._o education_n and_o learning_n ibid._n to_o what_o they_o general_o apply_v themselves_o 193._o worst_a part_n of_o their_o character_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n genius_n how_o incline_v 194._o greedy_n of_o money_n 195._o love_n to_o make_v a_o show_n ibid._n their_o great_a extravagance_n 198._o great_a admirer_n of_o show_n 200._o how_o attend_v ib._n not_o very_o rich_a and_o why_o 38_o *_o primate_n his_o court-officer_n as_o inter-rex_a and_o archbishop_n 30._o what_o peculiar_a to_o he_o 31