which_o be_v enrich_v with_o the_o inflexion_n of_o word_n like_o the_o language_n we_o have_v in_o europe_n the_o term_n of_o religion_n and_o justice_n the_o name_n of_o office_n and_o all_o the_o ornament_n of_o the_o vulgar_a tongue_n be_v borrow_a from_o the_o balie_n in_o this_o language_n they_o compose_v their_o best_a song_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v at_o least_o that_o some_o foreign_a colony_n have_v former_o inhabit_v the_o country_n of_o siam_n and_o have_v carry_v thither_o a_o second_o language_n but_o this_o be_v a_o dispute_n that_o may_v be_v raise_v concern_v all_o the_o country_n of_o india_n for_o like_o siam_n they_o all_o have_v two_o language_n one_o of_o which_o be_v still_o remain_v only_o in_o their_o book_n the_o siamese_n assert_v that_o their_o law_n be_v foreign_a religion_n what_o the_o siameses_n report_n concern_v the_o origine_fw-la of_o their_o law_n and_o religion_n and_o come_v to_o they_o from_o the_o country_n of_o laos_n which_o have_v perhaps_o no_o other_o foundation_n than_o the_o conformity_n of_o the_o law_n of_o laos_n with_o those_o of_o siam_n even_o as_o there_o be_v a_o conformity_n between_o the_o religion_n of_o these_o two_o nation_n and_o with_o that_o of_o the_o peguin_n now_o this_o do_v not_o strict_o prove_v that_o any_o of_o these_o three_o kingdom_n have_v give_v its_o law_n and_o its_o religion_n to_o the_o rest_n see_v that_o it_o may_v happen_v that_o all_o the_o three_o may_v have_v derive_v their_o religion_n and_o their_o law_n from_o another_o common_a source_n however_o it_o be_v as_o the_o tradition_n be_v at_o siam_n that_o their_o law_n and_o king_n come_v from_o laos_n the_o same_o tradition_n run_v at_o laos_n that_o their_o king_n and_o most_o of_o their_o law_n come_v from_o siam_n language_n of_o the_o balie_n language_n the_o siamese_n speak_v not_o of_o any_o country_n where_o the_o balie_n language_n which_o be_v that_o of_o their_o law_n and_o their_o religion_n be_v now_o in_o use_n they_o suspect_v indeed_o according_a to_o the_o report_n of_o some_o among_o they_o which_o have_v be_v at_o the_o coast_n of_o coromandel_n that_o the_o balie_n language_n have_v some_o similitude_n with_o some_o one_o of_o the_o dialect_v of_o that_o country_n but_o they_o agree_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o balie_n language_n be_v know_v only_o among_o they_o the_o secular_a missionary_n establish_v at_o siam_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o this_o language_n be_v not_o entire_o extinct_a by_o reason_n they_o see_v in_o their_o hospital_n a_o man_n come_v from_o about_o the_o cape_n of_o comorin_n who_o intersperse_v several_a balie_n word_n in_o his_o discourse_n affirm_v that_o they_o be_v use_v in_o his_o country_n and_o that_o he_o have_v never_o study_v and_o know_v only_o his_o mother_n tongue_n they_o moreover_o aver_v for_o truth_n that_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o siumese_n come_v from_o those_o quarter_n because_o that_o they_o have_v read_v in_o a_o balie_n book_n that_o sommona-codom_a who_o the_o siamese_n adore_v be_v the_o son_n of_o a_o king_n of_o the_o island_n of_o ceylon_n neighbour_n the_o siamese_n resemble_v their_o neighbour_n but_o set_v aside_o all_o these_o uncertainty_n the_o vulgar_a language_n of_o the_o siamese_n like_v in_o its_o simplicity_n to_o those_o of_o china_n tonquin_n cochinchina_n and_o the_o other_o state_n of_o the_o east_n sufficient_o evince_n that_o those_o who_o speak_v it_o be_v near_o of_o the_o same_o genius_n with_o their_o neighbour_n add_v hereunto_o their_o indian_a figure_n the_o colour_n of_o their_o complexion_n mix_v with_o red_a and_o brown_a which_o correspond_v neither_o to_o the_o north_n of_o asia_n europe_n nor_o africa_n add_v likewise_o their_o short_a nose_n round_v at_o the_o end_n as_o their_o neighbour_n general_o have_v it_o the_o upper_a bone_n of_o their_o cheek_n high_a and_o raise_v their_o eye_n slit_v a_o little_a upward_o their_o ear_n large_a than_o we_o in_o a_o word_n all_o the_o lineament_n of_o the_o indian_a and_o chinese_n physiognomy_n their_o countenance_n natural_o squeeze_v and_o bend_v like_o that_o of_o ape_n and_o a_o great_a many_o other_o thing_n which_o they_o have_v in_o common_a with_o these_o animal_n as_o well_o as_o a_o marvellous_a passion_n for_o child_n for_o nothing_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o tenderness_n which_o the_o great_a ape_n express_v to_o their_o cub_n except_o the_o love_n which_o the_o siamese_n have_v for_o all_o child_n whether_o for_o their_o own_o or_o those_o of_o another_o old_a the_o king_n of_o siam_n love_v child_n till_o 7_o or_o 8_o year_n old_a the_o king_n of_o siam_n himself_o be_v encompass_v with_o they_o and_o delight_n to_o educate_v they_o till_o seven_o or_o eight_o year_n old_a after_o which_o as_o they_o lose_v the_o childish_a air_n they_o do_v also_o lose_v his_o favour_n one_o alone_o say_v some_o be_v there_o keep_v till_o between_o twenty_o and_o thirty_o year_n of_o age_n and_o be_v still_o his_o favourite_n some_o do_v call_v he_o his_o adopt_a son_n other_o suspect_v he_o to_o be_v his_o bastard_n he_o be_v at_o least_o foster_n brother_n to_o his_o lawful_a daughter_n country_n that_o the_o siamese_n come_v not_o from_o far_o to_o inhabit_v their_o country_n but_o if_o you_o consider_v the_o extreme_o low_a land_n of_o siam_n that_o they_o seem_v to_o escape_v the_o sea_n as_o it_o be_v by_o miracle_n and_o that_o they_o lie_v annual_o under_o rain_n water_n for_o several_a month_n the_o almost_o infinite_a number_n of_o very_o incommodious_a infect_v which_o they_o engender_v and_o the_o excessive_a heat_n of_o the_o climate_n under_o which_o they_o be_v seat_v it_o be_v difficult_a to_o comprehend_v that_o other_o can_v resolve_v to_o inhabit_v they_o except_v such_o as_o come_v thither_o by_o little_a and_o little_a from_o place_n adjacent_a and_o it_o may_v be_v think_v that_o they_o have_v be_v inhabit_v not_o many_o age_n if_o a_o judgement_n may_v be_v make_v thereof_o by_o the_o few_o wood_n that_o be_v stub_a as_o yet_o moreover_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o travel_v more_o to_o the_o north_n of_o siam_n to_o find_v out_o the_o warlike_a people_n which_o can_v yield_v those_o innumerable_a swarm_n of_o man_n which_o depart_v out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n to_o go_v and_o possess_v other_o and_o how_o be_v it_o possible_a that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v stop_v on_o the_o road_n among_o some_o of_o those_o soft_a and_o effeminate_a people_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o country_n of_o the_o scythian_n and_o the_o wood_n and_o impassable_a river_n of_o the_o siamese_n it_o be_v not_o therefore_o probable_a that_o the_o lesser_a siamese_n which_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o great_a and_o that_o the_o great_a withdraw_v into_o the_o mountain_n which_o they_o inhabit_v to_o free_v themselves_o from_o the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n under_o which_o they_o be_v bear_v three_o baly_n alphabet_n kià _fw-la keù̈_n keuà _fw-la koù̈a_o koüà _fw-it ké_v kê_fw-la quoth_fw-mi kaou_fw-la koum_fw-la kam_fw-mi karama_n quoth_fw-mi koüaÃ_n keva_fw-it reu_fw-fr reû_fw-fr leu_n leû_fw-fr ca_o kha_n kha_n go_v nga_fw-mi tcha_fw-mi tcha_fw-mi tcha_fw-mi tcha_fw-mi ya_fw-mi thá_fw-fr than_z da_fw-mi na_fw-mi ta_o than_z tâ—a_o da_fw-mi na_fw-mi pa_z ppa_fw-la da_fw-mi i_o ca_o ra_fw-mi la_fw-fr va_fw-la ta_o ha_o la_fw-fr ang_fw-mi ka_o kaa_o ki_v ku_n kou_n koû_fw-fr ke_n kái_fw-it quoth_fw-mi káon_fw-gr kamÌ€_n ká_fw-fr ka-na_a ka_o nâ_fw-la kad-ni_a kard_n kanou_n kanou_n ka-ne_a kanai_n ka_o na_fw-mi ka_o naoÅ„_n kananǵ_n ka-na_a the_o siamese_n cipher_n 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o 10_o the_o siamese_n numeral_a name_n 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o 10_o 11_o 12_o 20_o 30_o a_o smoke_v instrument_n which_o the_o modâ—â—_n of_o siamâ—do_n use_n aa_n a_o pipe_n of_o bambou_n 8_o or_o 9_o footlong_o the_o chinese-chese-boord_n 1_o the_o king_n 2_o the_o guards_z 3_o the_o elephant_n 4_o the_o knight_n 5_o the_o wagon_n 6_o the_o canon_n 7_o the_o pawn_n 8_o the_o river_n a_o musical_a instrument_n with_o the_o bell_n the_o chinese_n abacus_fw-la or_o arithmetical_a instrume_n nt_o or_o count_v they_o inhabit_v different_a quarter_n in_o the_o city_n or_o suburb_n of_o siam_n numerous_a the_o people_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n not_o very_o numerous_a and_o yet_o this_o city_n be_v very_o little_o inhabit_v in_o respect_n to_o its_o bigness_n and_o the_o country_n much_o less_o in_o proportion_n it_o must_v be_v imagine_v that_o they_o desire_v not_o a_o great_a people_n for_o they_o count_v they_o every_o year_n and_o do_v well_o know_v what_o no_o person_n ignore_v that_o the_o only_a secret_a to_o increase_v they_o will_v be_v to_o ease_v they_o in_o the_o tax_n and_o imposition_n the_o siamese_n do_v therefore_o keep_v a_o exact_a account_n
this_o be_v thus_o practise_v in_o all_o the_o court_n of_o asia_n but_o it_o be_v not_o true_a neither_o at_o siam_n nor_o perhaps_o in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o east_n that_o the_o queen_n have_v any_o province_n to_o govern_v it_o be_v easy_a also_o to_o comprehend_v that_o if_o the_o king_n love_v any_o of_o his_o lady_n more_o than_o the_o rest_n he_o cause_v she_o to_o remove_v from_o the_o jealousy_n and_o harsh_a usage_n of_o the_o queen_n at_o siam_n they_o continual_o take_v lady_n for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o vang_z please_v the_o king_n of_o siam_n take_v the_o daughter_n of_o his_o subject_n for_o his_o palace_n when_o he_o please_v or_o to_o be_v concubine_n to_o the_o king_n if_o this_o prince_n make_v use_v thereof_o but_o the_o siamese_n deliver_v up_o their_o daughter_n only_o by_o force_n because_o it_o be_v never_o to_o see_v they_o again_o and_o they_o redeem_v they_o so_o long_o as_o they_o can_v for_o money_n so_o that_o this_o become_v a_o kind_n of_o extortion_n for_o they_o design_o take_v a_o great_a many_o virgin_n mere_o to_o restore_v they_o to_o their_o parent_n who_o redeem_v they_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n have_v few_o mistress_n that_o be_v to_o say_v eight_o or_o ten_o in_o all_o ministress_n he_o have_v few_o ministress_n not_o out_o of_o continency_n but_o parsimony_n i_o have_v already_o declare_v that_o to_o have_v a_o great_a many_o wife_n be_v in_o this_o country_n rather_o magnificence_n than_o debauchery_n wherefore_o they_o be_v very_o much_o surprise_v to_o hear_v that_o so_o great_a a_o king_n as_o we_o have_v no_o more_o than_o one_o wife_n that_o he_o have_v no_o elephant_n and_o that_o his_o land_n bear_v no_o rice_n as_o we_o may_v be_v when_o it_o be_v tell_v we_o that_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n have_v no_o horse_n nor_o stand_a force_n and_o that_o his_o country_n bear_v no_o corn_n nor_o grape_n although_o all_o the_o relation_n do_v so_o high_o extol_v the_o riches_n and_o power_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n the_o queen_n have_v her_o elephant_n and_o her_o balon_n house_n the_o queen_n house_n and_o some_o officer_n to_o take_v care_n of_o she_o and_o accompany_v she_o when_o she_o go_v abroad_o but_o none_o but_o her_o woman_n and_o eunuch_n do_v see_v she_o she_o be_v conceal_v from_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n and_o when_o she_o go_v out_o either_o on_o a_o elephant_n or_o in_o a_o balloon_n it_o be_v in_o a_o chair_n make_v up_o with_o curtain_n which_o permit_v she_o to_o see_v what_o she_o please_v and_o do_v prevent_v she_o be_v see_v and_o respect_v command_n that_o if_o they_o can_v avoid_v she_o they_o shall_v turn_v their_o back_n to_o she_o by_o prostrate_v themselves_o when_o she_o pass_v along_o beside_o this_o she_o have_v her_o magazine_n her_o ship_n and_o her_o treasure_n ship_n her_o magazine_n and_o her_o ship_n she_o exercise_v commerce_n and_o when_o we_o arrive_v in_o this_o country_n the_o princess_n who_o i_o have_v report_v to_o be_v treat_v like_o a_o queen_n be_v exceed_o embroil_v with_o the_o king_n her_o father_n because_o that_o he_o reserve_v to_o himself_o alone_o almost_o all_o the_o foreign_a trade_n and_o that_o thereby_o she_o find_v herself_o deprive_v thereof_o contrary_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n daughter_n succeed_v not_o to_o the_o crown_n they_o be_v hardly_o look_v upon_o as_o free_v uncertain_a of_o the_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o cause_n which_o render_v it_o uncertain_a it_o be_v the_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o queen_n that_o ought_v always_o to_o succeed_v by_o the_o law_n nevertheless_o because_o that_o the_o siamese_n can_v hardly_o conceive_v that_o among_o prince_n of_o near_a the_o same_o rank_n the_o most_o aged_a shall_v prostrate_v himself_o before_o the_o young_a it_o frequent_o happen_v that_o among_o brethren_n though_o they_o be_v not_o all_o son_n of_o the_o queen_n and_o that_o among_o uncle_n and_o nephew_n the_o most_o advance_a in_o age_n be_v prefer_v or_o rather_o it_o be_v force_v which_o always_o decide_v it_o the_o king_n themselves_o contribute_v to_o render_v the_o royal_a succession_n uncertain_a because_o that_o instead_o of_o choose_v for_o their_o successor_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o queen_n they_o most_o frequent_o follow_v the_o inclination_n which_o they_o have_v for_o the_o son_n of_o some_o one_o of_o their_o concubine_n with_o who_o they_o be_v enamour_a bantam_n the_o occasion_n which_o tender_v the_o hollander_n master_n of_o bantam_n it_o be_v upon_o this_o account_n that_o the_o king_n of_o bantam_n for_o example_n have_v lose_v his_o crown_n and_o his_o liberty_n he_o endeavour_v to_o get_v one_o of_o his_o son_n who_o he_o have_v by_o one_o of_o his_o concubine_n to_o be_v acknowledge_v for_o his_o successor_n before_o his_o death_n and_o the_o elder_a son_n which_o he_o have_v by_o the_o queen_n put_v himself_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o hollander_n they_o set_v he_o upon_o the_o throne_n after_o have_v vanquish_v his_o father_n who_o they_o still_o keep_v in_o prison_n if_o he_o be_v not_o dead_a but_o for_o the_o reward_n of_o this_o service_n they_o remain_v master_n of_o the_o port_n and_o of_o the_o whole_a commerce_n of_o bantam_n china_n of_o the_o succession_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n the_o succession_n be_v not_o better_o regulate_v at_o china_n though_o there_o be_v a_o express_a and_o very_a ancient_a law_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o queen_n but_o what_o rule_n can_v there_o be_v in_o a_o thing_n how_o important_a soever_o it_o be_v when_o the_o passion_n of_o the_o king_n do_v always_o seek_v to_o imbroil_v it_o all_o the_o oriental_n in_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o governor_n adhere_v most_o to_o the_o royal_a family_n and_o not_o to_o a_o certain_a prince_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n uncertain_a in_o the_o sole_a thing_n wherein_o all_o the_o european_n be_v not_o in_o all_o the_o rest_n we_o vary_v every_o day_n and_o they_o never_o do_v always_o the_o same_o manner_n among_o they_o always_o the_o same_o law_n the_o same_o religion_n the_o same_o worship_n as_o may_v be_v judge_v by_o compare_v what_o the_o ancient_n have_v write_v concern_v the_o indian_n with_o what_o we_o do_v now_o see_v wardrobe_n of_o the_o king_n of_o siams_n wardrobe_n i_o have_v say_v that_o it_o be_v the_o woman_n of_o the_o palace_n which_o dress_v the_o king_n of_o siam_n but_o they_o have_v no_o charge_n of_o his_o wardrobe_n he_o have_v officer_n on_o purpose_n the_o most_o considerable_a of_o all_o be_v he_o that_o touch_v his_o bonnet_n although_o he_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o put_v it_o upon_o the_o head_n of_o the_o king_n his_o master_n it_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o the_o royal_a blood_n of_o camboya_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n boast_v in_o be_v thence_o descend_v not_o be_v able_a to_o vaunt_v in_o be_v of_o the_o race_n of_o the_o king_n his_o predecessor_n the_o title_n of_o this_o master_n of_o the_o wardrobe_n be_v ocya_a out_o haya_n tan_v which_o sufficient_o evince_v that_o the_o title_n of_o pa-ya_a do_v not_o signify_v prince_n see_v that_o this_o prince_n wear_v it_o not_o under_o he_o oc-pra_a rayja_n vounsa_n have_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o clothes_n rayja_n or_o raja_n or_o ragi_n or_o ratcha_n be_v only_o a_o indian_a term_n various_o pronounce_v which_o signify_v king_n or_o royal_a and_o which_o enter_v into_o the_o composition_n of_o several_a name_n among_o the_o indian_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o court_n of_o siam_n and_o of_o the_o policy_n of_o its_o king_n council_n the_o hour_n of_o council_n the_o common_a usage_n of_o the_o court_n of_o siam_n be_v to_o hold_v a_o council_n twice_o a_o day_n about_o ten_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o morning_n and_o about_o ten_o in_o the_o evening_n reckon_v the_o hour_n after_o our_o fashion_n siamese_n the_o division_n of_o the_o day_n and_o night_n according_a to_o the_o siamese_n as_o for_o they_o they_o divide_v the_o day_n into_o twelve_o hour_n from_o the_o morning_n to_o the_o night_n the_o hour_n they_o call_v among_o they_o reckon_v they_o like_o we_o and_o give_v they_o not_o a_o particular_a name_n to_o each_o as_o the_o chineses_n do_v as_o for_o the_o night_n they_o divide_v it_o into_o four_o watch_n which_o they_o call_v tgiam_fw-la and_o it_o be_v always_o broad_a day_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o four_o the_o latin_n greek_n jew_n and_o other_o people_n have_v divide_v the_o day_n and_o night_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n clock_n their_o clock_n the_o people_n of_o siam_n have_v no_o clock_n but_o as_o the_o day_n be_v almost_o equal_a there_o all_o the_o year_n it_o be_v easy_a for_o they_o to_o know_v what_o hour_n it_o be_v by_o
other_o do_v great_o illustrate_v they_o i_o hope_v also_o that_o a_o pardon_n will_v be_v grant_v i_o for_o the_o siamese_n name_n which_o i_o relate_v and_o explain_v these_o remark_n will_v make_v other_o relation_n intelligible_a as_o well_o as_o i_o which_o without_o these_o illustration_n may_v sometime_o cause_v a_o doubt_n concern_v what_o i_o assert_v in_o a_o word_n those_o with_o who_o i_o be_o acquaint_v do_v know_v that_o i_o love_v the_o truth_n but_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o give_v a_o sincere_a relation_n to_o make_v it_o appear_v true_a it_o be_v requisite_a to_o add_v clearness_n to_o sincerity_n and_o to_o be_v thorough_o inform_v of_o that_o wherein_o we_o undertake_v to_o instruct_v other_o i_o have_v therefore_o consider_v interrogated_a and_o penetrate_v as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v possible_a and_o to_o render_v myself_o more_o capable_a of_o do_v it_o i_o careful_o read_v over_o before_o my_o arrival_n at_o siam_n several_a ancient_n and_o modern_a relation_n of_o divers_a country_n of_o the_o east_n so_o that_o in_o my_o opinion_n this_o preparation_n have_v supply_v the_o defect_n of_o a_o long_a residence_n and_o have_v make_v i_o to_o remark_n and_o understand_v in_o the_o three_o month_n i_o be_v at_o siam_n what_o i_o can_v not_o perhaps_o have_v understand_v or_o remark_v in_o three_o year_n without_o the_o assistance_n and_o perusal_n of_o those_o discourse_n a_o map_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n part_n i._o of_o the_o country_n of_o siam_n chap._n i._o the_o geographical_a description_n navigation_n have_v sufficient_o make_v know_v the_o sea_n coast_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n and_o many_o author_n have_v describe_v they_o unknown_a how_o much_o this_o kingdom_n be_v unknown_a but_o they_o know_v almost_o nothing_o of_o the_o inland_a country_n because_o the_o siamese_n have_v not_o make_v a_o map_n of_o their_o country_n or_o at_o least_o know_v how_o to_o keep_v it_o secret_n that_o which_o i_o here_o present_a be_v the_o work_n of_o a_o european_a who_o go_v up_o the_o menam_fw-la the_o principal_a river_n of_o the_o country_n to_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o be_v not_o skilful_a enough_o to_o give_v all_o the_o position_n with_o a_o entire_a exactness_n beside_o he_o have_v not_o see_v all_o and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o give_v his_o map_n to_o mr._n cassini_n director_n of_o the_o observatory_n at_o paris_n to_o correct_v it_o by_o some_o memorial_n which_o be_v give_v i_o at_o siam_n nevertheless_o i_o know_v it_o to_o be_v still_o defective_a but_o yet_o it_o fail_v not_o to_o give_v some_o notice_n of_o this_o kingdom_n which_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o and_o of_o be_v more_o exact_a in_o those_o we_o already_o have_v its_o frontier_n extend_v northward_o to_o the_o 22d._o degree_n or_o thereabouts_o northward_o its_o frontier_n northward_o and_o the_o road_n which_o terminate_v the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n be_v almost_o at_o the_o latitude_n of_o 13_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a it_o follow_v that_o this_o whole_a extent_n of_o which_o we_o hardly_o have_v any_o knowledge_n run_v about_o 170_o league_n in_o a_o direct_a line_n reckon_v 20_o league_n to_o a_o degree_n of_o latitude_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o seaman_n the_o siamese_n do_v say_v that_o the_o city_n of_o chiamai_n be_v fifteen_o day_n journey_n more_o to_o the_o north_n than_o the_o frontier_n of_o their_o kingdom_n that_o be_v to_o say_v at_o most_o lake_n the_o city_n of_o chiamai_n and_o its_o lake_n between_o sixty_o and_o seventy_o league_n for_o they_o be_v journey_n by_o water_n and_o against_o the_o stream_n it_o be_v about_o thirty_o year_n since_o their_o king_n as_o they_o report_v take_v this_o city_n and_o abandon_v it_o after_o have_v carry_v away_o all_o the_o people_n and_o it_o have_v be_v since_o repeopled_a by_o the_o king_n of_o ava_n to_o who_o pegu_n do_v at_o present_a render_v obedience_n but_o the_o siamese_n which_o be_v at_o that_o expedition_n do_v not_o know_v that_o famous_a lake_n from_o whence_o our_o geographer_n make_v the_o river_n menam_n arise_v and_o to_o which_o according_a to_o they_o this_o city_n give_v its_o name_n which_o make_v i_o to_o think_v either_o that_o it_o be_v more_o distant_a than_o our_o geographer_n have_v conceive_v or_o that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o lake_n it_o may_v also_o happen_v that_o this_o city_n adjoin_v to_o several_a kingdom_n and_o be_v more_o subject_a than_o another_o to_o be_v ruin_v by_o war_n have_v not_o always_o be_v rebuilt_a in_o the_o same_o place_n and_o this_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o imagine_v of_o the_o city_n which_o be_v build_v only_o with_o wood_n as_o all_o in_o these_o country_n be_v and_o which_o in_o their_o destruction_n leave_v not_o any_o ruin_n nor_o foundation_n however_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o menam_n spring_v from_o a_o lake_n by_o reason_n it_o be_v so_o small_a at_o its_o entrance_n into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n that_o for_o about_o fifty_o league_n it_o carry_v only_o little_a boat_n capable_a of_o hold_v no_o more_o than_o four_o or_o five_o person_n at_o most_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n be_v bound_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o north_n by_o high_a mountain_n which_o separate_v it_o from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o laos_n valley_n the_o country_n of_o siam_n be_v only_o a_o valley_n and_o on_o the_o north_n and_o west_n by_o other_o which_o divide_v it_o from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o pegu_n and_o ava_n this_o double_a chain_n of_o mountain_n inhabit_v by_o a_o few_o savage_a and_o poor_a but_o yet_o free_a people_n who_o life_n be_v innocent_a leave_v between_o they_o a_o great_a valley_n contain_v in_o some_o place_n between_o fourscore_o and_o a_o hundred_o league_n in_o breadth_n and_o be_v water_v from_o the_o city_n of_o chiamai_n to_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n with_o a_o excellent_a river_n which_o the_o siamese_n call_v menam_a or_o mother-water_n to_o signify_v a_o great_a water_n which_o be_v increase_v by_o the_o brook_n and_o river_n it_o receive_v on_o every_o side_n from_o the_o mountain_n i_o have_v mention_v discharge_v itself_o at_o last_o into_o the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n by_o three_o month_n the_o most_o navigable_a of_o which_o be_v that_o towards_o the_o east_n river_n city_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n on_o this_o river_n and_o about_o seven_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n be_v seat_v the_o city_n of_o bancok_n and_o i_o shall_v transient_o declare_v that_o the_o siamese_n have_v very_o few_o habitation_n on_o their_o coast_n which_o be_v not_o far_o distant_a from_o thence_o but_o be_v almost_o all_o seat_v on_o river_n navigable_a enough_o to_o afford_v they_o the_o commerce_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o to_o the_o name_n of_o most_o of_o these_o place_n which_o for_o this_o reason_n may_v be_v call_v maritime_a they_o be_v disguise_v by_o foreigner_n thus_o the_o city_n of_o bancok_n be_v call_v fon_n in_o siamese_n it_o not_o be_v know_v from_o whence_o the_o name_n of_o bancok_n be_v derive_v although_o there_o be_v several_a siamese_n name_n that_o begin_v with_o the_o word_n ban_n which_o signify_v a_o village_n bancok_n the_o garden_n of_o bancok_n the_o garden_n which_o be_v in_o the_o territory_n of_o bancok_n for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o league_n in_o ascend_v towards_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n to_o a_o place_n name_v talacoan_v do_v supply_v this_o city_n with_o the_o nourishment_n which_o the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n love_v best_a i_o mean_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o fruit._n menam_fw-la other_o city_n on_o the_o menam_fw-la the_o other_o principal_a place_n which_o the_o menam_fw-la water_n be_v metac_a the_o first_o city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o north_n north-west_n and_o then_o successive_o tian-tong_n campeng_v pet_n or_o campeng_n simple_a which_o some_o do_v pronounce_v campingue_n laconcevan_n tchainat_n siam_n talacoan_n talaqueou_fw-mi and_o bancok_n between_o the_o two_o city_n of_o tchainat_n and_o siam_n and_o at_o a_o distance_n which_o the_o maeander_n of_o the_o river_n do_v render_v almost_o equal_a from_o each_o other_o the_o river_n leave_v the_o city_n of_o louvo_n a_o little_a to_o the_o east_n at_o the_o 14_o d._n 42_o m._n 32_o s._n of_o latitude_n according_a to_o the_o observation_n which_o the_o jesuit_n have_v publish_v the_o king_n of_o siam_n do_v there_o spend_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o year_n the_o more_o commodious_o to_o enjoy_v the_o diversion_n of_o hunt_v but_o louvo_n will_v not_o be_v habitable_a be_v it_o not_o for_o a_o channel_n cut_v from_o the_o river_n to_o water_v it_o the_o city_n of_o metac_a render_v obedience_n to_o a_o hereditary_a lord_n who_o they_o say_v be_v a_o vassal_n to_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n who_o some_o call_v paya-tac_a
the_o city_n of_o merguy_a lie_n on_o the_o north-west_n point_v of_o a_o great_a and_o populous_a island_n which_o at_o the_o extremity_n of_o its_o course_n form_v a_o very_a excellent_a river_n which_o the_o european_n have_v call_v tenasserim_n from_o the_o name_n of_o a_o city_n seat_v on_o its_o bank_n about_o 15_o league_n from_o the_o sea_n this_o river_n come_v from_o the_o north_n and_o after_o have_v pass_v through_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ava_n and_o pegu_n and_o enter_v into_o the_o land_n under_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n jurisdiction_n it_o discharge_v itself_o by_o three_o channel_n into_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengal_n and_o form_n the_o island_n i_o have_v mention_v the_o port_n of_o merguy_a which_o some_o report_n to_o be_v the_o best_a in_o all_o india_n be_v between_o this_o isle_n and_o another_o that_o be_v inhabit_v and_o lie_v opposite_a and_o to_o the_o west_n of_o this_o wherein_o merguy_a be_v situate_v chap._n iii_o concern_v the_o history_n and_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o siamese_n history_n the_o siamese_n little_a curious_a of_o their_o history_n the_o siamese_n history_n be_v full_a of_o fable_n the_o book_n thereof_o be_v very_o scarce_o by_o reason_n the_o siamese_n have_v not_o the_o use_n of_o print_v for_o upon_o other_o account_n i_o doubt_v of_o the_o report_n that_o they_o affect_v to_o conceal_v their_o history_n see_v that_o the_o chinese_n who_o in_o many_o thing_n they_o imitate_v be_v not_o so_o jealous_a of_o they_o however_o that_o matter_n be_v notwithstanding_o this_o pretend_a jealousy_n of_o the_o siamese_n they_o who_o have_v attain_v to_o read_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o history_n of_o siam_n assert_v that_o it_o ascend_v not_o very_o high_a with_o any_o character_n of_o truth_n siamese_n the_o epocha_n of_o the_o siamese_n behold_v a_o very_a dry_a and_o insipid_a chronological_a abridgement_n which_o the_o siamese_n have_v give_v thereof_o but_o before_o we_o proceed_v it_o be_v necessary_a to_o tell_v you_o that_o the_o current_a year_n 1689_o begin_v it_o in_o the_o month_n of_o december_n 1688_o be_v the_o 2233_o of_o their_o aera_fw-la from_o which_o they_o date_n the_o epocha_n or_o beginning_n as_o they_o say_v from_o sommona-codom's_a death_n but_o i_o be_o persuade_v that_o this_o epocha_n have_v quite_o another_o foundation_n which_o i_o shall_v afterward_o explain_v king_n their_o king_n their_o first_o king_n be_v name_v pra_fw-la poat_n honne_v sourittep-pennaratui_a sonanne_n bopitra_fw-la the_o chief_a place_n where_o he_o keep_v his_o court_n be_v call_v tchai_n pap_n mahanacon_n the_o situation_n of_o which_o i_o ignore_v and_o he_o begin_v to_o reign_v an._n 1300._o compute_v after_o their_o epocha_n ten_o other_o king_n succeed_v he_o the_o last_o of_o which_o name_v ipoja_n sanne_z thora_n thesma_n teperat_v remove_v his_o royal_a seat_n to_o the_o city_n of_o tasco_n nacora_n lovang_n which_o he_o have_v build_v the_o situation_n of_o which_o be_v also_o unknown_a to_o i_o the_o twelve_o king_n after_o he_o who_o name_n be_v pra_fw-la poa_n noome_n thele_n seri_fw-la oblige_v all_o his_o people_n in_o 1731_o to_o follow_v he_o to_o locintai_n a_o city_n seat_v on_o a_o river_n which_o descend_v from_o the_o mountain_n of_o laos_n and_o run_v into_o the_o menam_fw-la a_o little_a above_o porselouc_n from_o which_o locontai_n be_v between_o 40_o and_o 50_o league_n distant_a but_o this_o prince_n reside_v not_o always_o at_o locontai_n for_o he_o come_v and_o build_v and_o inhabit_v the_o city_n of_o pipeli_n on_o a_o river_n the_o mouth_n of_o which_o be_v about_o two_o league_n to_o the_o west_n of_o the_o most_o occidental_a mouth_n of_o menam_n four_o other_o king_n succeed_v he_o of_o which_o rhamatilondi_n the_o last_o of_o the_o four_o begin_v to_o build_v the_o city_n of_o siam_n in_o 1894_o and_o there_o establish_v his_o court._n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o they_o allow_v to_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n the_o antiquity_n of_o 338_o year_n the_o king_n regent_n be_v the_o twenty_o five_o from_o rhamatilondi_n and_o this_o year_n 1689_o be_v the_o 56_o or_o 57_o year_n of_o his_o age_n thus_o do_v they_o reckon_v 52_o king_n in_o the_o space_n of_o 934_o year_n but_o not_o all_o of_o the_o same_o blood_n king_n the_o race_n of_o the_o present_a king_n mr._n gervaise_fw-fr in_o his_o natural_a and_o political_a history_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n give_v we_o the_o history_n of_o the_o now_o regent_n king_n father_n and_o van_n vliet_n give_v it_o we_o much_o more_o circumstanciate_v in_o his_o historical_a relation_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n print_v at_o the_o end_n of_o sir_n thomas_n herbert_n travel_n into_o persia_n i_o refer_v the_o reader_n thither_o to_o see_v a_o example_n of_o the_o revolution_n which_o be_v common_a at_o siam_n for_o this_o king_n who_o be_v not_o of_o the_o royal_a race_n though_o vliet_n assert_v the_o contrary_a take_v away_o the_o sceptre_n and_o life_n of_o his_o natural_a lord_n and_o put_v to_o death_n all_o the_o prince_n of_o their_o blood_n except_o two_o which_o be_v alive_a when_o vliet_n write_v but_o of_o who_o i_o can_v not_o learn_v any_o news_n without_o all_o doubt_n this_o usurper_n put_v they_o to_o death_n like_o the_o rest_n and_o in_o truth_n john_n struys_n in_o the_o first_o tome_n of_o his_o voyage_n assert_n that_o this_o be_v the_o fate_n of_o the_o last_o of_o these_o two_o prince_n who_o be_v alive_a in_o the_o year_n 1650_o and_o be_v then_o 20_o year_n old_a the_o tyrant_n put_v he_o to_o death_n that_o very_a year_n with_o one_o of_o his_o sister_n upon_o a_o accusation_n notorious_o false_a but_o a_o remarkable_a circumstance_n of_o the_o history_n of_o his_o usurpation_n be_v that_o enter_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n into_o the_o palace_n he_o force_v the_o king_n to_o quit_v it_o and_o fly_v into_o a_o temple_n for_o refuge_n and_o have_v drag_v this_o unfortunate_a prince_n out_o of_o this_o temple_n and_o carry_v he_o back_o a_o prisoner_n to_o the_o palace_n he_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v declare_v unworthy_a of_o the_o crown_n and_o government_n for_o have_v desert_v the_o palace_n to_o this_o usurper_n who_o die_v in_o 1657_o after_o a_o reign_n of_o 30_o year_n succeed_v his_o brother_n because_o his_o son_n can_v not_o or_o dare_v not_o then_o to_o dispute_v the_o crown_n with_o he_o on_o the_o contrary_a to_o secure_v his_o life_n he_o seek_v a_o sanctuary_n in_o a_o cloister_n and_o clothe_v himself_o with_o the_o inviolable_a habit_n of_o a_o talapoin_n but_o he_o afterward_o so_o politic_o take_v his_o measure_n that_o he_o dispossess_v his_o uncle_n who_o fly_v from_o the_o palace_n on_o his_o elephant_n be_v slay_v by_o a_o portuguese_a with_o a_o musket_n ferdinand_n mendez_n pinto_n relate_v that_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n siam_n another_o example_n of_o the_o revolution_n of_o siam_n who_o reign_v in_o 1547_o and_o to_o who_o he_o give_v great_a praise_n be_v poison_v by_o the_o queen_n his_o wife_n at_o his_o return_n from_o a_o military_a expedition_n this_o princess_n deliberate_v thus_o to_o prevent_v the_o vengeance_n of_o her_o husband_n by_o reason_n that_o during_o his_o absence_n she_o have_v maintain_v a_o amorous_a commerce_n by_o which_o she_o prove_v with_o child_n and_o this_o author_n add_v that_o she_o soon_o after_o destroy_v the_o king_n she_o own_o son_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o have_v the_o credit_n to_o get_v the_o crown_n set_v upon_o her_o lover_n head_n the_o 11_o of_o november_n 1548._o but_o in_o january_n 1549_o they_o be_v both_o assassinate_v in_o a_o temple_n and_o a_o bastard_n prince_n the_o brother_n and_o uncle_n of_o the_o two_o last_o king_n be_v take_v out_o of_o a_o cloister_n to_o be_v advance_v on_o the_o throne_n the_o crown_n of_o asia_n be_v always_o instable_n and_o those_o of_o india_n china_n and_o japan_n much_o more_o than_o the_o other_o as_o for_o what_o concern_v the_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o siamese_n it_o will_v 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the_o people_n of_o country_n extreme_o hot_a or_o extreme_o cold_a be_v sluggishness_n of_o mind_n and_o body_n with_o this_o difference_n that_o it_o degenerate_v into_o stupidity_n in_o country_n too_o cold_a and_o that_o in_o country_n too_o hot_a there_o be_v always_o spirit_n and_o imagination_n but_o of_o that_o sort_n of_o imagination_n and_o spirit_n which_o soon_o flag_n with_o the_o least_o application_n laziness_n they_o have_v imagination_n and_o laziness_n the_o siamese_n do_v conceive_v easy_o and_o clear_o their_o repartee_n be_v witty_a and_o quick_a their_o objection_n be_v rational_a they_o imitate_v immediate_o and_o from_o the_o first_o day_n they_o be_v tolerable_a good_a workman_n so_o that_o one_o will_v think_v a_o little_a study_n will_v render_v they_o very_o accomplish_v either_o in_o the_o high_a science_n or_o in_o the_o most_o difficult_a art_n but_o their_o invincible_a laziness_n sudden_o destroy_v these_o hope_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n therefore_o if_o 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the_o east_n and_o if_o he_o have_v dare_v to_o declare_v the_o truth_n he_o will_v have_v confess_v that_o the_o flattery_n natural_a to_o those_o of_o his_o country_n have_v make_v he_o all_o his_o life_n to_o extol_v those_o very_a thing_n where_o they_o be_v not_o and_o that_o he_o see_v the_o first_o example_n thereof_o in_o the_o king_n when_o the_o mandarin_n come_v on_o board_n our_o ship_n to_o carry_v the_o first_o compliment_n of_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n to_o the_o king_n ambassador_n they_o take_v leave_v of_o they_o by_o testify_v unto_o they_o that_o they_o demand_v it_o unwilling_o and_o out_o of_o a_o indispensible_a necessity_n of_o go_v to_o satisfy_v the_o impatience_n of_o the_o king_n their_o master_n about_o the_o thing_n which_o they_o have_v to_o relate_v unto_o he_o a_o thought_n natural_a and_o good_a on_o which_o run_v the_o whole_a beginning_n of_o the_o ambassador_n speech_n of_o leave_n and_o as_o to_o that_o excellent_a place_n where_o he_o end_v that_o 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consist_v in_o extorsion_n because_o that_o in_o this_o there_o be_v no_o justice_n for_o the_o weak_a all_o the_o officer_n do_v hold_v a_o correspondence_n in_o pillage_n and_o the_o corruption_n be_v great_a in_o those_o from_o whence_o the_o remedy_n ought_v to_o come_v the_o trade_n of_o present_n be_v public_a the_o least_o officer_n do_v give_v unto_o the_o great_a under_o a_o title_n of_o respect_n and_o a_o judge_n be_v not_o there_o punish_v for_o have_v receive_v present_n if_o otherwise_o he_o be_v not_o convict_v of_o injustice_n which_o be_v not_o very_o easy_a to_o do_v the_o form_n of_o the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n consist_v in_o swallow_v the_o water_n fidelity_n the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n over_o which_o the_o talapoin_n do_v pronounce_v some_o imprecation_n against_o he_o who_o be_v to_o drink_v it_o in_o case_n he_o fail_v in_o the_o fidelity_n which_o he_o owe_v to_o his_o king_n this_o prince_n dispense_v not_o with_o this_o oath_n to_o any_o person_n that_o engage_v themselves_o in_o his_o service_n of_o what_o religion_n or_o nation_n soever_o the_o public_a law_n of_o siam_n be_v write_v in_o three_o volume_n write_v the_o public_a law_n of_o siam_n be_v write_v the_o first_o be_v call_v pra_fw-la tam_fw-la ramires_n and_o contain_v the_o name_n function_n and_o prerogative_n of_o all_o the_o office_n the_o second_o be_v entitle_v pra_fw-la tam_fw-la non_fw-la and_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o ancient_a king_n and_o the_o three_o be_v the_o pra_fw-la rayja_n cammanot_n wherein_o be_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o now_o regent_n king_n father_n nothing_o will_v have_v be_v more_o necessary_a than_o a_o faithful_a extract_n of_o these_o three_o volume_n thereof_o the_o difficulty_n of_o procure_v the_o book_n thereof_o right_o to_o make_v know_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n but_o so_o far_o be_v i_o from_o be_v able_a to_o get_v a_o translation_n that_o i_o can_v not_o procure_v a_o copy_n thereof_o in_o siamese_n it_o will_v have_v be_v necessary_a upon_o this_o account_n to_o continue_v long_o at_o siam_n and_o with_o less_o business_n this_o be_v therefore_o what_o i_o can_v learn_v certain_o about_o this_o matter_n without_o the_o assistance_n of_o those_o book_n and_o in_o a_o country_n where_o every_o one_o be_v afraid_a to_o speak_v the_o great_a token_n of_o servitude_n of_o the_o siamese_n be_v that_o they_o dare_v not_o to_o open_v their_o mouth_n about_o any_o thing_n that_o relate_v to_o their_o country_n chap._n iu._n concern_v the_o office_n of_o judicatory_a province_n the_o division_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n by_o province_n the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a the_o upper_a lie_n towards_o the_o north_n see_v that_o the_o river_n descend_v from_o thence_o and_o contain_v seven_o province_n which_o be_v name_v by_o their_o chief_a city_n porselouc_n sanquelouc_n lacontai_n campeng-pet_n 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in_o the_o low_a siam_n thirteen_o small_a jurisdiction_n which_o be_v as_o so_o many_o particular_a province_n which_o resort_v only_o to_o the_o court_n and_o to_o which_o no_o other_o jurisdiction_n resort_v the_o city_n of_o siam_n have_v its_o province_n apart_o in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o state_n between_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a siam_n judge_n the_o governor_n be_v the_o judge_n the_o whole_a tribunal_n of_o judicature_n consist_v proper_o only_a in_o a_o single_a officer_n see_v that_o it_o be_v the_o chief_a or_o precedent_n only_o that_o have_v the_o deliberate_a voice_n and_o that_o all_o the_o other_o officer_n have_v only_o a_o consultative_a voice_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n receive_v also_o at_o china_n and_o in_o the_o other_o neighbour_a state_n but_o the_o most_o important_a prerogative_n of_o the_o precedent_n be_v to_o be_v the_o governor_n of_o his_o whole_a jurisdiction_n and_o to_o command_v even_o the_o garrison_n if_o there_o be_v any_o unless_o the_o prince_n have_v otherwise_o dispose_v thereof_o by_o a_o express_a order_n so_o that_o as_o in_o other_o place_n these_o office_n be_v hereditary_a it_o be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n for_o some_o of_o these_o governor_n and_o especial_o the_o most_o powerful_a and_o for_o the_o most_o remote_a from_o court_n to_o withdraw_v themselves_o whole_o or_o in_o part_n from_o the_o royal_a authority_n siam_n jor_a belong_v no_o more_o to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o of_o siam_n thus_o the_o governor_n of_o jor_n render_v obedience_n no_o long_o and_o the_o portuguese_n give_v he_o the_o title_n of_o king_n and_o it_o may_v be_v he_o never_o intend_v to_o obey_v unless_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n shall_v extend_v itself_o as_o relation_n declare_v to_o the_o whole_a peninsula_n extra_fw-la gangem_fw-la jor_a be_v the_o most_o southern_a city_n thereof_o seat_v on_o a_o river_n which_o have_v its_o mouth_n at_o the_o cape_n of_o sincapura_n and_o which_o form_n a_o very_a excellent_a port._n patana_n nor_o patana_n the_o people_n of_o patana_n live_v like_o those_o of_o achem_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o sumatra_n under_o the_o domination_n of_o a_o woman_n who_o they_o always_o elect_v in_o the_o same_o family_n and_o always_o old_a to_o the_o end_n that_o she_o may_v have_v no_o occasion_n to_o marry_v and_o in_o the_o name_n of_o who_o the_o most_o trusty_a person_n do_v rule_v the_o portuguese_n have_v likewise_o give_v she_o the_o title_n of_o queen_n and_o for_o tribute_n she_o send_v to_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n every_o three_o year_n two_o small_a tree_n the_o one_o of_o gold_n the_o other_o of_o silver_n and_o both_o load_v with_o flower_n and_o fruit_n but_o she_o owe_v not_o any_o assistance_n to_o this_o prince_n in_o his_o war_n whether_o these_o gold_n and_o silver_n tree_n be_v a_o real_a homage_n or_o only_o a_o respect_n to_o maintain_v the_o liberty_n of_o commerce_n as_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n send_v present_v every_o three_o year_n to_o the_o king_n of_o china_n in_o consideration_n of_o trade_n only_o be_v what_o i_o can_v allege_v but_o as_o the_o king_n of_o china_n honour_v himself_o with_o these_o sort_n of_o present_n and_o take_v they_o for_o a_o kind_n of_o homage_n it_o may_v well_o be_v that_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n do_v not_o less_o value_v himself_o on_o the_o present_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o queen_n of_o patana_n although_o she_o be_v not_o perhaps_o his_o vassal_n the_o siamese_n do_v call_v a_o hereditary_a governor_n tchaou-mevang_a lord_n the_o governor_n be_v lord_n tchaou_fw-la signify_v lord_n and_o mevang_n a_o city_n or_o province_n and_o sometime_o a_o kingdom_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n have_v ruin_v and_o destroy_v the_o most_o potent_a tchaou-mevang_a as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v and_o have_v substitute_v in_o their_o place_n some_o triennial_n governor_n by_o commission_n these_o commission-governor_n be_v call_v pouran_n and_o pou_n signify_v a_o person_n beside_o the_o present_n which_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a may_v receive_v as_o i_o have_v declare_v tchaou-mevang_a the_o profit_n or_o right_n of_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a his_o other_o legal_a right_n be_v first_o equal_o to_o share_v with_o the_o king_n the_o rent_n that_o the_o arable_a land_n do_v yield_v which_o they_o call_v naa_n that_o be_v to_o say_v field_n and_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a law_n these_o rent_n be_v a_o mayon_n or_o quarter_n part_n of_o a_o tical_a for_o forty_o fathom_n or_o two_o hundred_o foot_n square_a 2_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a have_v the_o profit_n of_o all_o confiscation_n of_o all_o the_o penalty_n to_o the_o exchequer_n and_o ten_o per_fw-la cent._n of_o all_o the_o fine_n to_o the_o party_n the_o confiscation_n be_v fix_v by_o law_n according_a to_o the_o case_n and_o be_v not_o always_o the_o whole_a estate_n not_o even_o in_o case_n of_o sentence_n of_o death_n but_o sometime_o also_o they_o extend_v to_o the_o body_n not_o only_o of_o the_o person_n condemn_v but_o of_o
second_o ambassador_n who_o we_o see_v here_o yet_o it_o happen_v also_o that_o in_o this_o country_n they_o hang_v themselves_o in_o despair_n when_o they_o see_v themselves_o reduce_v from_o a_o high_a employment_n to_o a_o extreme_a poverty_n and_o to_o the_o six_o month_n service_n due_a to_o the_o prince_n though_o this_o fall_v be_v not_o shameful_a i_o have_v say_v in_o another_o place_n criminal_n other_o be_v include_v in_o the_o punishment_n with_o the_o criminal_n that_o a_o father_n share_v sometime_o in_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o son_n as_o be_v bind_v to_o answer_v for_o the_o education_n which_o he_o have_v give_v he_o at_o china_n a_o officer_n answer_v for_o the_o fault_n of_o all_o the_o person_n of_o his_o family_n because_o they_o pretend_v that_o he_o who_o know_v not_o how_o to_o govern_v his_o own_o family_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o any_o public_a function_n the_o fear_n therefore_o which_o particular_a person_n have_v of_o see_v their_o family_n turn_v out_o of_o the_o employment_n which_o do_v make_v the_o splendour_n and_o support_v thereof_o render_v they_o all_o wise_a as_o if_o they_o be_v all_o magistrate_n in_o like_a manner_n at_o siam_n and_o at_o china_n a_o officer_n be_v punish_v for_o the_o offence_n of_o another_o officer_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o his_o order_n by_o reason_n that_o he_o be_v to_o watch_v over_o he_o that_o depend_v on_o he_o and_o that_o have_v power_n to_o correct_v he_o he_o ought_v to_o answer_v for_o his_o conduct_n thus_o about_o three_o year_n since_o we_o see_v at_o siam_n for_o three_o day_n oc-pra-simo-ho-sot_n by_o nation_n a_o brame_n who_o be_v now_o in_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n council_n of_o state_n expose_v to_o the_o cangue_n with_o the_o head_n of_o a_o malefactor_n which_o they_o have_v put_v to_o death_n hang_v about_o his_o neck_n without_o be_v accuse_v of_o have_v have_v any_o other_o hand_n in_o the_o crime_n of_o he_o who_o head_n be_v hang_v to_o his_o neck_n than_o too_o great_a negligence_n in_o watch_v over_o a_o man_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o he_o after_o this_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n in_o my_o opinion_n that_o the_o bastinado_n shall_v be_v so_o frequent_a at_o siam_n sometime_o there_o may_v be_v see_v several_a officer_n at_o the_o cangue_n dispose_v in_o a_o circle_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o they_o will_v be_v the_o head_n of_o a_o man_n which_o they_o have_v put_v to_o death_n and_o this_o head_n will_v hang_v by_o several_a string_n from_o the_o neck_n of_o every_o one_o of_o these_o officer_n punish_v the_o least_o pretence_n for_o a_o crime_n be_v punish_v the_o worst_a be_v that_o the_o least_o appearance_n of_o guilt_n render_v a_o action_n criminal_a to_o be_v accuse_v be_v almost_o sufficient_a to_o be_v culpable_a a_o action_n in_o itself_o innocent_a become_v bad_a so_o soon_o as_o any_o one_o think_v to_o make_v a_o crime_n thereof_o and_o from_o thence_o proceed_v the_o so_o frequent_a disgrace_n of_o the_o principal_a officer_n they_o know_v not_o how_o for_o instance_n to_o reckon_v up_o all_o the_o barcalon_n that_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n have_v have_v since_o he_o reign_v brethren_n the_o policy_n of_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n cruel_a against_o all_o and_o against_o their_o own_o brethren_n the_o greatness_n of_o the_o king_n who_o authority_n be_v despotical_a be_v to_o exercise_v power_n over_o all_o and_o over_o their_o own_o brethren_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n do_v maim_n they_o in_o several_a way_n when_o they_o can_v they_o take_v away_o or_o debilitate_v their_o sight_n by_o fire_n they_o render_v they_o impotent_a by_o dislocation_n of_o member_n or_o sottish_a by_o drink_n secure_v themselves_o and_o their_o child_n against_o the_o erterprise_n of_o their_o brethren_n only_o by_o render_v they_o incapable_a of_o reign_v he_o that_o now_o reign_v have_v not_o treat_v his_o better_a this_o prince_n will_v not_o therefore_o envy_v our_o king_n the_o sweetness_n of_o be_v belove_v by_o his_o subject_n and_o the_o glory_n of_o be_v dread_v by_o his_o enemy_n the_o idea_n of_o a_o great_a king_n be_v not_o at_o siam_n that_o he_o shall_v render_v himself_o terrible_a to_o his_o neighbour_n provide_v he_o be_v so_o to_o his_o subject_n populace_n the_o government_n of_o siam_n more_o burdensome_a to_o the_o noble_n than_o to_o the_o populace_n yet_o there_o be_v this_o reflection_n to_o be_v make_v on_o this_o sort_n of_o government_n that_o the_o yoke_n thereof_o be_v less_o heavy_a if_o i_o may_v so_o say_v on_o the_o populace_n than_o on_o the_o noble_n ambition_n in_o this_o country_n lead_v to_o slavery_n liberty_n and_o the_o other_o enjoyment_n of_o life_n be_v for_o the_o vulgar_a condition_n the_o more_o one_o be_v unknown_a to_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o further_a from_o he_o the_o great_a ease_n he_o enjoy_v and_o for_o this_o reason_n the_o employment_n of_o the_o province_n be_v there_o consider_v as_o a_o recompense_n of_o the_o service_n do_v in_o the_o palace_n siam_n how_o tempestuous_a the_o ministry_n be_v at_o siam_n the_o ministry_n there_o be_v tempestuous_a not_o only_o through_o the_o natural_a inconstancy_n which_o may_v appear_v in_o the_o prince_n mind_n but_o because_o that_o the_o way_n be_v open_a for_o all_o person_n to_o carry_v complaint_n to_o the_o prince_n against_o his_o minister_n and_o though_o the_o minister_n and_o all_o the_o other_o officer_n do_v employ_v all_o their_o artifices_fw-la to_o render_v these_o way_n of_o complaint_n ineffectual_a whereby_o one_o may_v attack_v they_o all_o yet_o all_o complaint_n be_v dangerous_a and_o sometime_o it_o be_v the_o slight_a which_o hurt_v and_o which_o subvert_v the_o best_a establish_a favour_n these_o example_n which_o very_o frequent_o happen_v do_v edify_v the_o people_n and_o if_o the_o present_a king_n have_v not_o too_o far_o extend_v his_o exaction_n without_o any_o real_a necessity_n his_o government_n will_v as_o much_o please_v the_o populace_n as_o it_o be_v terrible_a to_o the_o noble_n people_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n regard_n for_o his_o people_n nevertheless_o he_o have_v have_v that_o regard_n for_o his_o people_n as_o not_o to_o augment_v his_o duty_n on_o cultivated_a land_n and_o to_o lay_v no_o imposition_n on_o corn_n and_o fish_n to_o the_o end_n that_o what_o be_v necessary_a to_o life_n may_v not_o be_v dear_a a_o moderation_n so_o much_o the_o more_o admirable_a as_o it_o seem_v that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o expect_v any_o from_o a_o prince_n educate_v in_o this_o maxim_n that_o his_o glory_n consist_v in_o not_o set_v limit_n to_o his_o power_n and_o always_o in_o augment_v his_o treasure_n throne_n the_o inconvenience_n of_o this_o government_n it_o render_v the_o prince_n waver_v on_o his_o throne_n but_o these_o king_n which_o be_v so_o absolute_o the_o master_n of_o the_o fortune_n and_o life_n of_o their_o subject_n be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o waver_v in_o the_o throne_n they_o find_v not_o in_o any_o person_n or_o at_o most_o in_o a_o small_a number_n of_o domestic_n that_o fidelity_n or_o love_n which_o we_o have_v for_o our_o king_n the_o people_n which_o possess_v nothing_o in_o property_n and_o which_o do_v reckon_v only_o upon_o what_o they_o have_v bury_v in_o the_o ground_n as_o they_o have_v no_o solid_a establishment_n in_o their_o country_n so_o they_o have_v no_o obligation_n thereto_o be_v resolve_v to_o bear_v the_o same_o yoke_n under_o any_o prince_n whatever_o and_o have_v the_o assurance_n of_o not_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v a_o heavy_a they_o concern_v not_o themselves_o in_o the_o fortune_n of_o their_o prince_n and_o experience_n evince_n that_o upon_o the_o least_o trouble_n they_o let_v the_o crown_n go_v to_o who_o force_n or_o policy_n will_v give_v it_o a_o siamese_n a_o chinese_n a_o indian_a will_v easy_o die_v to_o exert_v a_o particular_a hatred_n or_o to_o avoid_v a_o miserable_a life_n or_o a_o too_o cruel_a death_n but_o to_o die_v for_o their_o prince_n and_o their_o country_n be_v not_o a_o virtue_n in_o their_o practice_n among_o they_o be_v not_o find_v the_o powerful_a motive_n by_o which_o our_o people_n animate_v themselves_o to_o a_o vigorous_a defence_n they_o have_v no_o inheritance_n to_o lose_v and_o liberty_n be_v oftentimes_o more_o burdensome_a to_o they_o than_o servitude_n the_o siamese_n which_o the_o king_n of_o pegu_n have_v take_v in_o war_n will_v live_v peaceable_a in_o pegu_n at_o twenty_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o frontier_n of_o siam_n and_o they_o will_v there_o cultivate_v the_o land_n which_o the_o king_n of_o pegu_n have_v give_v they_o no_o remembrance_n of_o their_o country_n make_v they_o to_o hate_v their_o new_a servitude_n and_o it_o be_v the_o same_o of_o the_o peguin_n which_o be_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n the_o eastern_a king_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o
adoptive_a son_n of_o heaven_n king_n how_o uncertain_a the_o extreme_a respect_n of_o the_o oriental_n be_v for_o their_o king_n it_o be_v believe_v that_o they_o have_v soul_n celestial_a and_o as_o high_a above_o other_o soul_n by_o their_o merit_n as_o the_o royal_a condition_n appear_v more_o happy_a than_o that_o of_o other_o man_n nevertheless_o if_o any_o one_o of_o their_o subject_n revolt_n the_o people_n doubt_v present_o which_o of_o the_o two_o soulâ—_n be_v most_o valuable_a whether_o that_o of_o the_o lawful_a prince_n or_o that_o of_o the_o rebellious_a subject_n and_o whether_o the_o adoption_n of_o heaven_n have_v not_o pass_v from_o the_o king_n to_o the_o subject_a their_o history_n be_v all_o full_a of_o these_o example_n and_o that_o of_o china_n which_o father_n martinius_n have_v give_v we_o be_v curious_a in_o the_o ratiociniation_n by_o which_o the_o chineses_n i_o mean_v the_o chinese_n philosopher_n be_v often_o persuade_v that_o they_o follow_v the_o inclination_n of_o heaven_n in_o change_v their_o sovereign_n and_o sometime_o in_o prefer_v a_o high-way-man_n before_o their_o lawful_a prince_n but_o beside_o that_o the_o despotic_a authority_n be_v almost_o destitute_a of_o defence_n jealous_a these_o prince_n do_v oftentimes_o lose_v their_o authority_n by_o be_v too_o jealous_a it_o be_v moreover_o rather_o usurp_v by_o he_o that_o possess_v it_o in_o that_o the_o exercise_n thereof_o be_v less_o communicate_v whoever_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o spirit_n or_o person_n of_o a_o prince_n have_v almost_o nothing_o more_o to_o do_v to_o dispossess_v the_o prince_n because_o that_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o authority_n be_v too_o much_o reunite_v in_o the_o prince_n there_o be_v none_o beside_o he_o that_o prohibit_v it_o in_o case_n of_o need_n thus_o be_v it_o not_o lawful_a for_o a_o king_n to_o be_v a_o minor_a or_o too_o easy_a to_o let_v himself_o be_v govern_v the_o sceptre_n of_o this_o country_n soon_o fall_v from_o hand_n that_o need_v a_o support_n to_o sustain_v it_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o kingdom_n where_o several_a permanent_a body_n of_o magistracy_n divide_v the_o splendour_n and_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o royal_a authority_n these_o same_o body_n do_v preserve_v it_o entire_a for_o the_o king_n who_o impart_v it_o to_o they_o because_o they_o deliver_v not_o to_o the_o usurper_n that_o part_n which_o be_v in_o their_o hand_n and_o which_o alone_o suffice_v to_o save_v that_o which_o the_o king_n himself_o know_v not_o how_o to_o keep_v in_o the_o ancient_a rebellion_n of_o china_n it_o appear_v seal_n the_o peril_n in_o reunite_v all_o the_o royal_a authority_n in_o the_o seal_n that_o he_o who_o seize_v on_o the_o royal_a seal_n present_o render_v himself_o master_n of_o all_o because_o that_o the_o people_n obey_v the_o order_n where_o the_o seal_n appear_v without_o inform_v themselves_o in_o who_o hand_n the_o seal_n be_v and_o the_o jealousy_n which_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n have_v of_o his_o that_o i_o have_v say_v he_o entrust_v with_o no_o person_n persuade_v i_o that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o in_o his_o country_n the_o danger_n therefore_o to_o these_o prince_n be_v in_o that_o wherein_o they_o place_v their_o security_n their_o policy_n require_v that_o their_o whole_a authority_n shall_v be_v in_o their_o seal_n to_o exercise_v it_o more_o entire_a themselves_o alone_a and_o this_o policy_n as_o much_o expose_v their_o authority_n as_o their_o seal_n be_v easy_a to_o lose_v the_o same_o danger_n be_v find_v in_o a_o great_a treasure_n chapter_n a_o public_a treasure_n necessary_a to_o despotic_a government_n and_o what_o be_v the_o inconvenience_n thereof_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o chapter_n the_o only_a spring_n of_o all_o the_o despotic_a government_n where_o the_o ruine_a people_n can_v supply_v extraordinary_a subsidy_n in_o public_a necessity_n in_o a_o great_a treasure_n all_o the_o force_n of_o the_o state_n reunite_v themselves_o and_o he_o that_o seize_v on_o the_o treasure_n seize_v on_o the_o state_n so_o that_o beside_o a_o treasure_n ruine_v the_o people_n on_o who_o it_o be_v levy_v it_o frequent_o serve_v against_o those_o that_o accumulate_v it_o and_o this_o likewise_o draw_v the_o dissipation_n thereof_o the_o indian_a government_n have_v therefore_o all_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o despotic_a government_n it_o render_v the_o prince_n and_o his_o subject_n equal_o uncertain_a it_o betray_v the_o royal_a authority_n and_o deliver_v it_o up_o entire_a under_o pretence_n of_o put_v the_o more_o entire_a management_n thereof_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o single_a person_n and_o moreover_o it_o deprive_v it_o of_o its_o natural_a defence_n by_o separate_v the_o whole_a interest_n of_o the_o subject_n from_o that_o of_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n have_v therefore_o relate_v how_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n do_v treat_v their_o subject_n it_o remain_v to_o show_v how_o they_o treat_v as_o well_o with_o foreign_a prince_n by_o embassy_n as_o with_o the_o foreign_a nation_n which_o be_v flee_v to_o siam_n chap._n xv._o concern_v the_o form_n of_o embassy_n at_o siam_n europe_n the_o eastern_a ambassador_n represent_v not_o their_o master_n and_o be_v less_o honour_v than_o in_o europe_n a_o ambassador_n throughout_o the_o east_n be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o king_n messenger_n he_o represent_v not_o his_o master_n they_o honour_v he_o little_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o respect_n which_o be_v render_v to_o the_o letter_n of_o credence_n whereof_o he_o be_v bearer_n mr._n de_fw-fr chaumont_n though_o a_o ambassador_n extraordinary_a never_o have_v a_o balloon_n of_o the_o body_n not_o on_o the_o very_a day_n of_o his_o entrance_n and_o it_o be_v in_o a_o balloon_n of_o the_o body_n that_o the_o king_n letter_n be_v put_v which_o he_o have_v to_o deliver_v to_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n this_o balloon_n have_v four_o vmbrella_n one_o at_o each_o corner_n of_o the_o seat_n and_o it_o be_v attend_v with_o four_o other_o balon_n of_o the_o body_n adorn_v with_o their_o vmbrella_n but_o empty_a as_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n when_o he_o go_v abroad_o in_o his_o coach_n and_o that_o he_o will_v be_v see_v and_o know_v have_v always_o one_o which_o follow_v he_o empty_a which_o be_v call_v the_o respeto_o a_o word_n and_o custom_n come_v from_o italy_n the_o king_n present_n be_v likewise_o carry_v in_o balon_n of_o the_o body_n and_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v observe_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o king_n envoy_n thus_o the_o oriental_n make_v no_o difference_n between_o a_o ambassador_n and_o a_o envoy_n and_o they_o understand_v not_o ambassador_n nor_o ordinary_a envoy_n nor_o resident_n because_o they_o send_v no_o person_n to_o reside_v at_o a_o foreign_a court_n but_o there_o to_o dispatch_v a_o business_n and_o return_v person_n the_o siamese_n embassy_n consist_v in_o three_o person_n the_o siamese_n do_v never_o send_v more_o nor_o less_o than_o three_o ambassador_n together_o the_o first_o be_v call_v rayja_n tout_fw-fr that_o be_v to_o say_v royal_a messenger_n the_o second_o oubba_n tout_fw-fr and_o the_o three_o tri_n tout_fw-fr term_n which_o i_o understand_v not_o but_o the_o two_o last_o ambassador_n be_v oblige_v in_o every_o thing_n to_o follow_v the_o advice_n of_o the_o first_o letter_n they_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o messenger_n which_o carry_v a_o letter_n every_o one_o therefore_o who_o be_v the_o carrier_n of_o a_o letter_n from_o the_o king_n be_v repute_v a_o ambassador_n throughout_o the_o east_n wherefore_o after_o the_o ambassador_n of_o persia_n which_o mr._n de_fw-fr chaumont_n leave_v in_o the_o country_n of_o siam_n be_v dead_a at_o tenasserim_n his_o domestic_n have_v elect_v one_o among_o they_o to_o deliver_v the_o king_n of_o persia_n letter_n to_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n he_o that_o be_v elect_v be_v receive_v without_o any_o other_o character_n as_o the_o real_a ambassador_n will_v have_v be_v and_o with_o the_o same_o honour_n which_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n have_v former_o grant_v to_o the_o ambassador_n of_o siam_n recepisse_fw-la he_o return_v they_o no_o answer_n but_o a_o recepisse_fw-la but_o that_o wherein_o they_o treat_v a_o ambassador_n like_o a_o mere_a messenger_n be_v that_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n in_o the_o audience_n of_o leave_n give_v he_o a_o recepisse_fw-la of_o the_o letter_n he_o have_v receive_v from_o he_o and_o if_o this_o prince_n return_v a_o answer_n he_o give_v it_o not_o to_o he_o but_o he_o send_v his_o own_o ambassador_n with_o he_o to_o carry_v it_o ambassador_n how_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n be_v advertise_v of_o the_o arrival_n of_o a_o ambassador_n a_o foreign_a ambassador_n which_o arrive_v at_o siam_n be_v stop_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o kingdom_n until_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n have_v receive_v intelligence_n thereof_o and_o if_o he_o be_v accompany_v with_o siamese_n ambassador_n as_o we_o be_v it_o belong_v to_o the_o
a_o new_a historical_a relation_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n by_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr loubere_fw-la envoy_n extraordinary_a from_o the_o french_z king_n to_z the_o king_n of_o siam_n in_o the_o year_n 1687_o and_o 1688._o wherein_o a_o full_a and_o curious_a account_n be_v give_v of_o the_o chinese_n way_n of_o arithmetic_n and_o mathematic_a learning_n in_o two_o tome_n illustrate_v with_o sculpture_n do_v out_o of_o french_a by_o a._n p._n gen._n r._n s.s._n london_n print_v by_o f._n l._n for_o tho._n horn_n at_o the_o royal_a exchange_n francis_n saunders_n at_o the_o new_a exchange_n and_o tho._n bennet_n at_o the_o half-moon_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n mdcxciii_o a_o table_n of_o the_o chapter_n the_o occasion_n and_o design_n of_o this_o work_n part_n i._o of_o the_o country_n of_o siam_n chap._n i._n it_o be_v geographical_a description_n page_n 3_o chap._n ii_o a_o continuation_n of_o the_o geographical_a description_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n with_o a_o account_n of_o its_o metropolis_n page_z 6_o chap._n iii_o concern_v the_o history_n and_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o siamese_n page_z 8_o chap._n iv_o of_o the_o production_n of_o siam_n and_o first_o of_o the_o wood_n page_z 11_o chap._n v._o concern_v the_o mine_n of_o siam_n page_n 13_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o cultivated_a land_n and_o their_o fertility_n page_n 15_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o grain_n of_o siam_n page_n 17_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o husbandry_n and_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o season_n page_n 18_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o garden_n of_o the_o siamese_n and_o occasional_o of_o their_o liquor_n page_n 20_o part_n ii_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o siamese_n in_o general_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o habit_n and_o mien_n of_o the_o siamese_n page_n 25_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o house_n of_o the_o siamese_n and_o of_o their_o architecture_n in_o public_a building_n page_n 29_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o furniture_n of_o the_o siamese_n page_n 34_o chap._n iv_o concern_v the_o table_n of_o the_o siamese_n page_n 35_o chap._n v._o concern_v the_o carriage_n and_o equipage_n of_o the_o siamese_n in_o general_n page_n 39_o chap._n vi_o concern_v the_o show_n and_o other_o diversion_n of_o the_o siamese_n page_n 44_o chap._n vii_o concern_v the_o marriage_n and_o divorce_n of_o the_o siamese_n page_n 51_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o education_n of_o the_o siamese_n child_n and_o first_o of_o their_o civility_n page_n 54_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o study_n of_o the_o siamese_n page_n 58_o chap._n x._o what_o the_o siamese_n do_v know_v in_o medicine_n and_o chemistry_n page_n 62_o chap._n xi_o what_o the_o siamese_n do_v know_v of_o the_o mathematics_n page_n 64_o chap._n xii_o concern_v music_n and_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o body_n page_n 68_o xiii_o of_o the_o art_n exercise_v by_o the_o siamese_n page_n 69_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o traffic_n among_o the_o siamese_n page_n 71_o chap._n xv._o a_o character_n of_o the_o siamese_n in_o general_n page_n 73_o part_n iii_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o siamese_n according_a to_o their_o several_a condition_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o several_a condition_n among_o the_o siamese_n page_n 77_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o siamese_n people_n page_n 78_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n in_o general_n page_n 80_o chap._n iv_o concern_v the_o office_n of_o judicatory_a page_n 82_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o judiciary_n stile_n or_o form_n of_o plead_v page_n 85_o chap._n vi_o the_o function_n of_o governor_n and_o judge_n in_o the_o metropolis_n page_n 88_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o state_n officer_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o tchacry_n calla-hom_o and_o of_o the_o general_n of_o the_o elephant_n page_n 89_o chap._n viii_o concern_v the_o art_n of_o war_n among_o the_o siamese_n and_o of_o their_o force_n by_o sea_n and_o land_n page_n 90_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o barcalon_n and_o of_o the_o revenue_n page_n 93_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o royal_a seal_n and_o of_o the_o maha_n oborat_n page_n 95_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o palace_n and_o of_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n guard_n page_n 96_o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o officer_n which_o near_o approach_v the_o king_n of_o siam_n person_n page_n 99_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o woman_n of_o the_o palace_n and_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o wardrobe_n page_n 100_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o court_n of_o siam_n and_o of_o the_o policy_n of_o its_o king_n page_n 102_o chap._n xv._o concern_v the_o form_n of_o embassy_n at_o siam_n page_n 108_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o foreigner_n of_o different_a nation_n flee_v to_o and_o settle_v at_o siam_n page_n 112_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o talapoin_n and_o their_o convent_v page_n 113_o chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o election_n of_o the_o superior_a and_o of_o the_o reception_n of_o the_o talapoin_n and_o talapoiness_n page_n 118_o chap._n xix_o concern_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o talapoin_n page_n 119_o chap._n xx._n of_o the_o burial_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o siamese_n page_n 122_o chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o indian_a moral_a law_n page_n 126_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o supreme_a felicity_n and_o extreme_a infelicity_n among_o the_o siamese_n page_n 129_o chap._n xxiii_o concern_v the_o origin_n of_o the_o talapoin_n and_o of_o their_o opinion_n page_n 130_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o fabulous_a story_n which_o the_o talapoin_n and_o their_o brethren_n have_v frame_v on_o their_o doctrine_n page_n 135_o chap._n xxv_o diverse_a observation_n to_o be_v make_v in_o preach_v the_o gospel_n to_o the_o oriental_n page_n 140_o a_o new_a historical_a relation_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n the_o occasion_n and_o design_n of_o this_o work_n at_o my_o return_n from_o the_o voyage_n i_o make_v to_o siam_n work_n the_o occasion_n of_o this_o work_n in_o quality_n of_o his_o most_o christian_n majesty_n envoy_n extraordinary_a they_o who_o right_a it_o be_v to_o command_v require_v i_o to_o render_v they_o a_o exact_a account_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o i_o have_v see_v or_o learn_v in_o that_o country_n which_o will_v be_v the_o whole_a matter_n of_o this_o work_n other_o have_v sufficient_o inform_v the_o public_a of_o the_o circumstance_n of_o this_o long_a voyage_n but_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o description_n of_o a_o country_n we_o can_v have_v too_o many_o relation_n if_o we_o will_v perfect_o know_v it_o the_o last_o always_o illustrate_v the_o former_a but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v know_v from_o what_o time_n i_o write_v i_o shall_v declare_v only_o that_o we_o set_v sail_n from_o breast_n on_o the_o first_o of_o march_n anno_fw-la 1687._o that_o we_o cast_v anchor_n in_o the_o road_n of_o siam_n the_o 27_o of_o september_n in_o the_o same_o year_n that_o we_o depart_v thence_o for_o our_o return_n the_o 3d_o of_o january_n 1688._o and_o that_o we_o land_v at_o breast_n the_o 27_o of_o july_n follow_v my_o design_n be_v therefore_o to_o treat_v first_o of_o the_o country_n of_o siam_n its_o extent_n work_n the_o design_n of_o this_o work_n fertility_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o its_o soil_n and_o climate_n second_o i_o will_v explain_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o siamese_n in_o general_a and_o then_o their_o particular_a custom_n according_a to_o their_o various_a quality_n their_o government_n and_o religion_n shall_v be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o last_o part_n and_o i_o flatter_v myself_o that_o the_o far_o the_o reader_n shall_v advance_v in_o the_o perusal_n of_o this_o work_n the_o more_o he_o will_v find_v it_o worthy_a of_o curiosity_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o nature_n and_o genius_n of_o the_o siamese_n which_o i_o have_v every_o where_o endeavour_v to_o penetrate_v into_o will_v be_v discover_v more_o and_o more_o in_o fine_a not_o to_o stay_v on_o thing_n which_o will_v not_o please_v every_o one_o or_o which_o will_v interrupt_v my_o narrative_a too_o much_o i_o will_v at_o the_o end_n insert_v several_a memoir_n which_o i_o bring_v from_o this_o country_n and_o which_o i_o can_v suppress_v without_o injure_v the_o curiosity_n of_o the_o public_a but_o if_o notwithstanding_o this_o precaution_n i_o do_v yet_o enlarge_v on_o certain_a matter_n beyond_o the_o relish_n of_o some_o i_o entreat_v they_o to_o consider_v that_o general_a expression_n do_v never_o afford_v just_a idea_n and_o that_o this_o be_v to_o proceed_v no_o far_o than_o the_o superficial_a knowledge_n of_o thing_n it_o be_v out_o of_o this_o desire_n of_o make_v the_o siamese_n perfect_o know_v that_o i_o give_v several_a notice_n of_o the_o other_o kingdom_n of_o the_o indies_n and_o of_o china_n for_o though_o rigorous_o take_v all_o this_o may_v appear_v foreign_a to_o my_o subject_n yet_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o comparison_n of_o the_o thing_n of_o neighbour_a country_n with_o each_o
this_o author_n who_o seem_v to_o rely_v too_o much_o on_o his_o memory_n we_o may_v believe_v what_o he_o say_v that_o the_o elephant_n of_o the_o king_n of_o pegu_n who_o then_o besiege_v the_o city_n of_o siam_n do_v so_o near_o approach_v the_o wall_n as_o with_o their_o trunk_n to_o beat_v down_o the_o palisadoe_n which_o the_o siamese_n have_v there_o place_v to_o cover_v themselves_o it_o be_v latitude_n according_a to_o father_n thomas_n the_o jesuit_n be_v 14_o d._n 20_o m._n 40_o s._n and_o its_o longitude_n 120_o d._n 30_o m._n it_o have_v almost_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o purse_n the_o mouth_n of_o which_o be_v to_o the_o east_n and_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o west_n the_o river_n meet_v it_o at_o the_o north_n by_o several_a channel_n which_o run_v into_o that_o which_o environ_n it_o and_o leave_v it_o on_o the_o south_n by_o separate_v itself_o again_o into_o several_a stream_n the_o king_n palace_n stand_v to_o the_o north_n on_o the_o canal_n which_o embrace_v the_o city_n and_o by_o turn_v to_o the_o east_n there_o be_v a_o causey_n by_o which_o alone_a as_o by_o a_o isthmus_n people_n may_v go_v out_o of_o the_o city_n without_o cross_v the_o water_n the_o city_n be_v spacious_a consider_v the_o circuit_n of_o its_o wall_n which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v enclose_v the_o whole_a isle_n but_o scarce_o the_o six_o part_n thereof_o be_v inhabit_v and_o that_o to_o the_o southeast_n only_o the_o rest_n lie_v desert_n where_o the_o temple_n only_o stand_v it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o suburb_n which_o be_v possess_v by_o stranger_n do_v considerable_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o the_o people_n the_o street_n thereof_o be_v large_a and_o straight_o and_o in_o some_o place_n plant_v with_o tree_n and_o pave_v with_o brick_n lay_v edgewise_o the_o house_n be_v low_a and_o build_v with_o wood_n at_o least_o those_o belong_v to_o the_o native_n who_o for_o these_o reason_n be_v expose_v to_o all_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o excessive_a heat_n most_o of_o the_o street_n be_v water_v with_o strait_a canal_n which_o have_v make_v siam_n to_o be_v compare_v to_o venice_n and_o on_o which_o be_v a_o great_a many_o small_a bridge_n of_o hurdle_n and_o some_o of_o brick_n very_o high_a and_o ugly_a name_n its_o name_n the_o name_n of_o siam_n be_v unknown_a to_o the_o siamese_n it_o be_v one_o of_o those_o word_n which_o the_o portague_n of_o the_o indies_n do_v use_v and_o of_o which_o it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o discover_v the_o original_a they_o use_v it_o as_o the_o name_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o not_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o name_n of_o pegu_n lao_n mogul_n and_o most_o of_o the_o name_n which_o we_o give_v to_o the_o indian_a kingdom_n be_v likewise_o national_a name_n so_o that_o to_o speak_v right_o we_o must_v say_v the_o king_n of_o the_o peguin_n laos_n mogul_n siams_n as_o our_o ancestor_n say_v the_o king_n of_o the_o franc_n in_o a_o word_n those_o that_o understand_v portuguese_a do_v well_o know_v that_o according_a to_o their_o orthography_n siam_n and_o siaom_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o that_o by_o the_o similitude_n of_o our_o language_n to_o they_o we_o ought_v to_o say_v the_o zion_n and_o not_o the_o siams_n so_o when_o they_o write_v in_o latin_a they_o call_v they_o siones_n franc_n the_o true_a name_n of_o the_o siamese_n signify_v franc_n a_o map_n of_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n a._n the_o city_n b._n the_o palace_n c._n the_o port_n d._n the_o arsenal_n for_o the_o ship_n e._n the_o arsenal_n for_o the_o ballon_n &_o galley_n f._n the_o street_n of_o the_o bazar_n g._n the_o seminary_n h._n the_o portuguese_a jacobins_n i._o the_o portugese_n jesuites_n k._n the_o dutch_a factory_a l._n the_o inclosur_n where_o the_o elephant_n be_v take_v m._n a_o house_n begin_v for_o the_o french_a ambassador_n 800_o french_a toise_n the_o bambou_n tree_n the_o arvore_fw-la de_fw-fr raiz_n a_o map_n of_o bancock_n a_o vessel_n of_o filigran_a a_o plaugh_n the_o arc_n kier_n as_o for_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n the_o siamese_n do_v call_v it_o si-yo-thi-ya_a the_o o_o of_o the_o syllable_n the_fw-mi being_n close_o than_o our_o dipthong_n a_o sometime_o also_o they_o call_v it_o crung_v the-papra_a maha_o nacon_n but_o most_o of_o these_o word_n be_v difficult_a to_o understand_v because_o they_o be_v take_v from_o this_o baly_n language_n which_o i_o have_v already_o declare_v to_o be_v the_o learned_a language_n of_o the_o siamese_n and_o which_o they_o themselves_o do_v not_o always_o perfect_o understand_v i_o have_v already_o remark_v what_o i_o know_v concern_v the_o word_n pra_z that_o of_o maha_n signify_v great_a thus_o in_o speak_v of_o their_o king_n they_o style_v he_o pra_fw-la maha_n crassat_fw-la and_o the_o word_n crassat_n according_a to_o their_o report_n signify_v live_v and_o because_o the_o portague_n have_v think_v that_o pra_fw-la signify_v god_n they_o imagine_v that_o the_o siamese_n call_v their_o king_n the_o great_a live_a god_n from_o si-yo-thi_a ya_fw-mi the_o siamese_n name_n of_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n foreigner_n have_v make_v judia_n and_o odiaa_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o vincent_n le_fw-fr blanc_n and_o some_o other_o author_n do_v very_o ill_o distinguish_v odiaa_n from_o siam_n in_o a_o word_n the_o siamese_n of_o who_o i_o treat_v do_v call_v themselves_o tai_n no_o siameses_n two_o different_a people_n call_v siameses_n little_a siams_n there_o be_v other_o as_o i_o be_v inform_v altogether_o savage_a which_o be_v call_v tai_n yai_o great_a siams_n and_o which_o do_v live_v in_o the_o northern_a mountain_n in_o several_a relation_n of_o these_o country_n i_o find_v a_o kingdom_n of_o siammon_n or_o siami_n but_o all_o do_v not_o agree_v that_o the_o people_n thereof_o be_v savage_a in_o fine_a the_o mountain_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o common_a frontier_n of_o ava_n frontier_n other_o mountain_n and_o other_o frontier_n pegu_n and_o siam_n gradual_o decrease_v as_o they_o extend_v to_o the_o south_n do_v form_n the_o peninsula_n of_o india_n extra_fw-la gangem_fw-la which_o terminate_n at_o the_o city_n of_o sincapura_n separate_v the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n and_o bengala_n and_o which_o with_o the_o island_n of_o sumatra_n form_n the_o famous_a straight_o of_o malaca_n or_o sincapura_n several_a river_n do_v fall_v from_o every_o part_n of_o these_o mountain_n into_o the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n and_o bengala_n and_o render_v these_o coast_n habitable_a the_o other_o mountain_n which_o rise_v between_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n and_o laos_n and_o extend_v themselves_o also_o towards_o the_o south_n do_v run_v gradual_o decrease_v till_o they_o terminate_v at_o the_o cape_n of_o camboya_n the_o most_o eastern_a of_o all_o those_o in_o the_o continent_n of_o asia_n towards_o the_o south_n it_o be_v about_o the_o latitude_n of_o this_o cape_n that_o the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n begin_v and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o this_o name_n extend_v a_o great_a way_n towards_o the_o south_n in_o form_n of_o a_o horseshoe_n on_o either_o side_n of_o the_o gulf_n viz._n along_o the_o eastern_a coast_n to_o the_o river_n chantebon_n where_o the_o kingdom_n of_o camboya_n begin_v and_o opposite_a thereunto_o viz._n in_o the_o peninsula_n extra_fw-la gangem_fw-la which_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n of_o the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n it_o extend_v to_o queda_n and_o patana_n the_o territory_n of_o the_o malayan_o of_o which_o malaca_n be_v former_o the_o metropolis_n after_o this_o manner_n it_o run_v about_o 200_o league_n on_o the_o side_n towards_o the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n and_o 180_o or_o thereabouts_o on_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengal_n siam_n the_o coast_n of_o siam_n a_o advantageous_a situation_n which_o open_v unto_o the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n the_o navigation_n on_o all_o these_o vast_a eastern_a sea_n add_v that_o as_o nature_n have_v refuse_v all_o manner_n of_o port_n and_o road_n to_o the_o coast_n of_o coromandel_n which_o form_v the_o gulf_n of_o bengal_n to_o the_o west_n it_o have_v therewith_o enrich_v that_o of_o siam_n which_o be_v opposite_a to_o it_o and_o which_o be_v on_o the_o east_n of_o the_o same_o gulf_n a_o great_a number_n of_o isle_n do_v cover_v it_o bengal_n isle_n of_o siam_n in_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengal_n and_o render_v it_o almost_o everywhere_o a_o safe_a harbour_n for_o ship_n beside_o that_o most_o of_o these_o isle_n have_v very_o excellent_a port_n and_o abundance_n of_o fresh_a water_n and_o wood_n a_o invitation_n for_o new_a colony_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n affect_v to_o be_v call_v lord_n thereof_o although_o his_o people_n who_o be_v very_o thin_a in_o the_o firm_a land_n have_v never_o inhabit_v they_o and_o he_o have_v not_o strength_n enough_o at_o sea_n to_o prohibit_v or_o hinder_v the_o entrance_n thereof_o to_o stranger_n merguy_a the_o city_n of_o merguy_a
since_o improve_v it_o from_o very_o plentiful_a mine_n and_o though_o not_o very_o skilful_a yet_o they_o cease_v not_o to_o get_v a_o considerable_a revenue_n by_o it_o this_o tin_n or_o calin_n as_o the_o portuguese_n report_n be_v sell_v through_o all_o india_n it_o be_v soft_a and_o base_o purify_v and_o a_o specimen_fw-la thereof_o be_v see_v in_o the_o common_a ten_o box_n or_o cannister_n which_o come_v from_o this_o country_n but_o to_o render_v it_o hard_o and_o white_a like_o that_o of_o the_o fine_a tea_n box_n they_o mix_v it_o with_o cadmia_n a_o sort_n of_o mineral_n easy_o reducible_a to_o powder_n which_o be_v melt_v with_o the_o copper_n make_v it_o yellow_a but_o it_o render_v both_o these_o metal_n more_o brittle_a and_o it_o be_v this_o white_a tin_n which_o they_o call_v tontinague_n this_o be_v what_o mr._n vincent_n relate_v on_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o mine_n of_o siam_n loadstone_n mine_n of_o loadstone_n in_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o city_n of_o louvo_n they_o have_v a_o mountain_n of_o loadstone_n they_o have_v another_o also_o near_o jonsalam_n a_o city_n seat_v in_o a_o island_n of_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengal_n which_o be_v not_o above_o the_o distance_n of_o a_o man_n voice_n from_o the_o coast_n of_o siam_n but_o the_o loadstone_n which_o be_v dug_n at_o jonsalam_n lose_v its_o virtue_n in_o three_o or_o four_o month_n i_o know_v not_o whether_o it_o be_v not_o the_o same_o in_o that_o of_o louvo_n stone_n precious_a stone_n in_o their_o mountain_n they_o find_v very_o curious_a agate_n and_o mr._n vincent_n inform_v i_o that_o he_o have_v see_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o talapoin_n who_o secret_o busy_a themselves_o in_o these_o researche_n some_o sample_n or_o piece_n of_o saphire_n and_o diamond_n that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o mine_n he_o assure_v i_o also_o that_o some_o particular_a person_n have_v find_v some_o diamond_n and_o give_v they_o to_o the_o king_n officer_n be_v retire_v to_o pegu_n by_o by_o reason_n they_o have_v not_o receive_v any_o recompense_n steel_n steel_n i_o have_v already_o say_v that_o the_o city_n of_o campeng-pet_n be_v famous_a for_o mine_n of_o excellent_a steel_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n do_v forge_v arm_n thereof_o after_o their_o fashion_n as_o sabres_fw-es poniard_n and_o knife_n the_o knife_n which_o they_o call_v pen_n be_v use_v by_o all_o and_o be_v not_o look_v upon_o as_o arm_n although_o it_o may_v serve_v upon_o occasion_n the_o blade_n thereof_o be_v three_o or_o four_o finger_n broad_a and_o about_o a_o foot_n long_o the_o king_n give_v the_o sabre_n and_o the_o poniard_n they_o wear_v the_o poniard_n on_o the_o left_a side_n hang_v a_o little_a before_o the_o portuguese_n do_v call_v it_o christ_n a_o word_n corrupt_v from_o crid_n which_o the_o siamese_n use_n this_o word_n be_v borrow_a from_o the_o malayan_a language_n which_o be_v famous_a throughout_o the_o east_n and_o the_o crid_n which_o be_v make_v at_o achim_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o sumatra_n do_v pass_v for_o the_o best_a of_o all_o as_o for_o the_o sabre_n a_o slave_n always_o carry_v it_o before_o his_o master_n on_o his_o right_a shoulder_n as_o we_o carry_v the_o musket_n on_o the_o left_a they_o have_v iron_n mine_n which_o they_o know_v how_o to_o melt_v iron_n iron_n and_o some_o have_v inform_v i_o that_o they_o have_v but_o little_a thereof_o beside_o they_o be_v bad_a forge-man_n for_o their_o galley_n they_o have_v only_o wooden_a anchor_n and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o these_o anchor_n may_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n they_o fasten_v stone_n unto_o they_o they_o have_v neither_o pin_n nor_o needle_n nor_o nail_n nor_o chisel_n nor_o saw_n they_o use_v not_o a_o nail_n in_o build_v their_o house_n although_o they_o be_v all_o of_o wood._n every_o one_o make_v pin_n of_o bambou_n even_o as_o our_o ancestor_n use_v thorn_n for_o this_o purpose_n to_o they_o there_o come_v padlock_n from_o japan_n some_o of_o iron_n which_o be_v good_a and_o other_o of_o copper_n which_o be_v very_o naught_o they_o do_v make_v very_o bad_a gunpowder_n the_o defect_n they_o say_v powder_n salt-petre_n and_o powder_n proceed_v from_o the_o salt-petre_n which_o they_o gather_v from_o their_o rock_n where_o it_o be_v make_v of_o the_o dung_n of_o batts_n animal_n which_o be_v exceed_o large_a and_o very_a plentiful_a throughout_o india_n but_o whether_o this_o salt-petre_n be_v good_a or_o bad_a the_o king_n of_o siam_n sell_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o it_o to_o stranger_n have_v describe_v the_o natural_a riches_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o forest_n of_o siam_n it_o will_v be_v proper_a in_o this_o place_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o elephant_n rhinoceros_n tiger_n and_o all_o other_o savage_a beast_n wherewith_o they_o be_v store_v yet_o see_v this_o matter_n have_v be_v sufficient_o explicate_v by_o a_o great_a many_o other_o i_o shall_v omit_v it_o to_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o inhabit_a and_o cultivate_v land_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o cultivated_a land_n and_o their_o fertility_n they_o be_v not_o stony_a it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o find_v a_o flint_n clayie_a the_o country_n of_o siam_n be_v clayie_a and_o this_o make_v i_o to_o believe_v of_o the_o country_n of_o siam_n what_o some_o have_v report_v of_o egypt_n that_o it_o have_v be_v gradual_o form_v of_o the_o clayish_a earth_n which_o the_o rain-water_n have_v carry_v down_o from_o the_o mountain_n before_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o menam_fw-la there_o be_v a_o bank_n of_o owse_n which_o in_o the_o sea-phrase_n be_v call_v the_o bar_n and_o which_o prohibit_v entrance_n to_o great_a ship_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o it_o will_v increase_v itself_o by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o will_v in_o time_n make_v a_o new_a shore_n to_o the_o firm_a land_n it_o be_v therefore_o this_o mud_n descend_v from_o the_o mountain_n siam_n the_o annual_a inundation_n fatten_v the_o land_n of_o siam_n that_o be_v the_o real_a cause_n of_o the_o fertility_n of_o siam_n wherever_o the_o inundation_n extend_v itself_o in_o other_o and_o especial_o on_o the_o high_a place_n all_o be_v dry_v and_o burn_v with_o the_o sun_n in_o a_o little_a time_n after_o the_o ra_n under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o likewise_o in_o spain_n who_o climate_n be_v more_o temperate_a if_o the_o land_n be_v natural_o fertile_a as_o for_o example_n between_o murcia_n and_o carthagena_n where_o the_o seed_n yield_v sometime_o a_o hundred_o fold_n they_o be_v nevertheless_o so_o subject_a to_o drought_n infect_v and_o other_o inconvenience_n that_o it_o frequent_o happen_v that_o they_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o whole_a harvest_n several_a year_n together_o and_o it_o be_v this_o which_o betide_v all_o the_o country_n of_o india_n which_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o be_v overflow_v and_o which_o beside_o the_o barrenness_n of_o the_o soil_n do_v suffer_v the_o ravages_n of_o contagious_a and_o pestilential_a distemper_n which_o succeed_v it_o but_o the_o annual_a inundation_n give_v to_o siam_n the_o assurance_n and_o plenty_n of_o the_o rice_n harvest_n and_o render_v this_o kingdom_n the_o nourisher_n of_o several_a other_o beside_o the_o inundation_n fatten_v the_o land_n it_o destroy_v the_o infect_v infect_v it_o destroy_v the_o infect_v although_o it_o always_o leave_v a_o great_a many_o which_o extreme_o incommode_v nature_n instruct_v all_o the_o animal_n of_o siam_n to_o avoid_v the_o inundation_n the_o bird_n which_o perch_v not_o in_o our_o country_n as_o partridge_n and_o pigeon_n do_v all_o perch_n in_o that_o the_o pismire_n double_o prudent_a do_v here_o make_v their_o nest_n and_o magazine_n on_o tree_n siam_n white_a aunt_n at_o siam_n there_o be_v white_a aunt_n which_o among_o other_o ravages_n which_o they_o make_v do_v pierce_v book_n through_o and_o through_o the_o missionary_n be_v oblige_v to_o preserve_v they_o by_o varnish_v they_o over_o the_o cover_n and_o edge_n with_o a_o little_a cheyram_n which_o hinder_v they_o not_o from_o open_v after_o this_o precaution_n the_o aunt_n have_v no_o more_o power_n to_o bite_v and_o the_o book_n be_v more_o agreeable_a by_o reason_n that_o this_o gum_n be_v mix_v with_o nothing_o that_o colour_n it_o have_v the_o same_o lustre_n as_o the_o glass_n wherewith_o we_o cover_v picture_n in_o miniature_n this_o will_v be_v no_o dear_a nor_o difficult_a experiment_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o cheyram_n will_v not_o defend_v the_o wood_n of_o our_o bed_n against_o bug_n it_o be_v this_o same_o cheyram_n which_o be_v spread_v upon_o canvas_n make_v it_o appear_v like_o horn._n therewith_o they_o use_v to_o environ_v the_o great_a cresset-light_n which_o some_o report_v to_o be_v of_o horn_n and_o all_o of_o a_o piece_n sometime_o also_o those_o little_a cup_n varnish_v with_o red_a which_o come_v to_o we_o from_o japan_n and_o who_o lightness_n astonish_v we_o do_v consist_v
his_o place_n to_o he_o who_o he_o receive_v at_o his_o house_n and_o invite_v he_o to_o accept_v it_o he_o afterward_o serve_v he_o with_o fruit_n and_o preserve_v and_o sometime_o with_o rice_n and_o fish_n and_o more_o especial_o he_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n present_v he_o with_o arek_n and_o betel_n and_o tea_n the_o common_a people_n forget_v not_o arek_n and_o person_n of_o quality_n do_v sometime_o accommodate_v themselves_o therewith_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o visit_n the_o stranger_n first_o testify_v that_o he_o will_v go_v as_o among_o we_o and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o house_n consent_v thereto_o with_o very_a oblige_a expression_n honourable_a to_o what_o degree_n the_o high_a place_n be_v the_o most_o honourable_a and_o he_o must_v be_v great_o superior_a to_o he_o that_o render_v he_o the_o visit_n to_o bid_v he_o depart_v the_o high_a place_n be_v so_o far_o the_o most_o honourable_a according_a to_o they_o that_o they_o dare_v not_o to_o go_v into_o the_o 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even_o in_o this_o age_n that_o when_o the_o king_n be_v obstinate_a not_o to_o hear_v any_o important_a reproof_n the_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n to_o the_o number_n sometime_o of_o two_o thousand_o have_v enter_v into_o his_o palace_n there_o to_o lay_v down_o the_o badge_n of_o their_o office_n so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o a_o king_n of_o china_n can_v continue_v king_n if_o he_o be_v vicious_a to_o a_o certain_a degree_n thus_o some_o tell_v he_o incessant_o that_o it_o be_v his_o example_n which_o must_v render_v the_o magistrate_n and_o the_o people_n virtuous_a and_o that_o if_o he_o depart_v from_o the_o virtue_n of_o his_o ancestor_n the_o magistrate_n and_o people_n grow_v debauch_v in_o their_o moral_n will_v forget_v their_o fidelity_n which_o they_o owe_v he_o and_o which_o be_v their_o first_o duty_n and_o their_o first_o virtue_n example_n hereof_o be_v frequent_a in_o their_o history_n in_o which_o they_o have_v not_o better_o provide_v for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o master_n than_o all_o the_o other_o despotic_a state_n according_a to_o they_o it_o be_v 4000_o year_n that_o their_o kingdom_n have_v continue_v in_o these_o maxim_n which_o render_v it_o the_o admiration_n of_o all_o its_o neighbour_n st._n francis_n xavier_n report_v in_o his_o letter_n that_o the_o japponese_n incessant_o object_v to_o he_o that_o the_o christian_a religion_n can_v not_o be_v true_a see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o know_v by_o the_o chinese_n yet_o i_o know_v that_o the_o chineses_n have_v some_o vice_n but_o they_o perhaps_o sin_v less_o against_o their_o moral_a law_n than_o we_o do_v against_o we_o how_o much_o have_v our_o moral_n degenerate_v from_o those_o of_o our_o ancestor_n and_o the_o chinese_n more_o ancient_a than_o we_o do_v still_o esteem_v it_o a_o disgrace_n to_o violate_v their_o moral_n in_o public_a and_o to_o fail_v in_o the_o respect_n which_o they_o owe_v to_o one_o another_o either_o by_o any_o disobedience_n to_o their_o parent_n or_o by_o any_o quarrel_n with_o their_o equal_n they_o be_v infidel_n say_v some_o in_o commerce_n but_o it_o may_v be_v they_o be_v only_o so_o with_o stranger_n as_o the_o hebrew_n lend_v money_n to_o usury_n to_o stranger_n only_o and_o beside_o the_o chinese_n which_o have_v commerce_n with_o stranger_n be_v those_o of_o the_o frontier_n who_o manner_n this_o very_a foreign_a commerce_n have_v deprave_v the_o great_a vice_n of_o the_o chinese_n be_v doubtless_o a_o extreme_a hypocrisy_n but_o beside_o that_o it_o reign_v every_o where_o because_o it_o be_v a_o vice_n which_o be_v free_a from_o the_o censure_n of_o the_o law_n it_o be_v perhaps_o a_o less_o evil_a than_o a_o public_a corruption_n but_o if_o the_o chinese_n history_n may_v be_v credit_v it_o be_v virtue_n alone_o that_o have_v form_v this_o great_a empire_n the_o love_n of_o their_o law_n which_o be_v at_o first_o establish_v in_o a_o corner_n of_o this_o country_n gradual_o draw_v all_o the_o neighbour_a province_n under_o the_o same_o yoke_n it_o not_o appear_v that_o the_o chineses_n have_v conquer_v these_o province_n by_o any_o war_n it_o be_v true_a that_o all_o these_o little_a state_n which_o be_v at_o the_o beginning_n as_o so_o many_o hereditary_a fief_n give_v usual_o to_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o royal_a blood_n have_v be_v reunite_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o civil_a war_n when_o the_o royal_a race_n have_v change_v and_o that_o usurper_n have_v expel_v the_o lawful_a king_n from_o the_o throne_n but_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o first_o subjection_n of_o all_o these_o little_a state_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o china_n have_v be_v voluntary_a they_o say_v that_o 44_o kingdom_n enamour_v with_o the_o virtue_n of_o venvam_n submit_v to_o his_o law_n he_o reign_v over_o the_o two_o three_o of_o china_n when_o it_o be_v yet_o divide_v however_o it_o be_v the_o chineses_n have_v be_v continual_o enemy_n to_o war_n as_o the_o principal_a cause_n of_o the_o corruption_n of_o manner_n and_o they_o have_v prefer_v morality_n before_o all_o the_o glory_n of_o conquest_n and_o all_o the_o advantage_n of_o commerce_n with_o stranger_n king_n sve_v the_o nine_o of_o the_o race_n hana_n 60_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o jesus_n christ_n dread_v the_o consequence_n of_o any_o motion_n of_o the_o tartar_n which_o sometime_o before_o have_v be_v confine_v within_o their_o mountain_n by_o hiaovu_o and_o who_o be_v return_v to_o seize_v on_o the_o flat_a country_n resolve_v to_o prevent_v they_o and_o make_v war_n upon_o they_o before_o they_o have_v put_v themselves_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o carry_v it_o into_o china_n in_o another_o country_n this_o prudence_n may_v have_v be_v approve_v but_o it_o be_v not_o at_o china_n where_o the_o care_n of_o good_a manner_n be_v the_o main_a affair_n of_o the_o state_n the_o history_n therefore_o relate_v that_o his_o chief_a minister_n dissuade_v he_o from_o this_o enterprise_n by_o this_o discourse_n what_o sir_n do_v you_o think_v to_o invade_v foreign_a country_n when_o there_o be_v such_o great_a thing_n to_o reform_v in_o your_o own_o a_o prodigy_n to_o this_o hour_n unheard_a of_o among_o we_o in_o this_o year_n a_o son_n have_v slay_v his_o father_n seven_o young_a brother_n have_v kill_v their_o 25_o elder_a brethren_n these_o be_v the_o sign_n of_o a_o intolerable_a boldness_n and_o which_o presage_n a_o very_a dangerous_a corruption_n in_o our_o manner_n it_o be_v what_o we_o ought_v to_o be_v alarm_a at_n it_o be_v to_o what_o a_o speedy_a remedy_n must_v be_v apply_v for_o so_o long_o as_o these_o crime_n shall_v not_o be_v suffer_v at_o china_n china_n will_v have_v nothing_o to_o fear_v from_o the_o tartar_n but_o if_o they_o be_v once_o permit_v i_o fear_v that_o they_o will_v not_o only_o extend_v themselves_o into_o all_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o even_o into_o the_o imperial_a palace_n under_o juen_n the_o ten_o king_n of_o the_o same_o race_n the_o province_n of_o qnantong_v and_o quangsi_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o hainan_n revolt_a he_o levy_v as_o many_o force_n as_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o reduce_v they_o to_o their_o obedience_n but_o kiasu_n who_o he_o appoint_v for_o their_o general_n divert_v he_o from_o this_o war_n by_o these_o word_n ancient_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n by_o the_o ocean_n on_o the_o west_n by_o the_o sandy_a desert_n and_o on_o the_o south_n by_o the_o river_n kiang_n but_o by_o little_a and_o little_a it_o enlarge_v its_o limit_n less_o by_o arm_n than_o by_o virtue_n our_o king_n do_v kind_o receive_v under_o their_o empire_n those_o who_o voluntary_o submit_v themselves_o out_o of_o love_n to_o our_o justice_n and_o clemency_n and_o several_a neighbour_a province_n submit_v thereunto_o not_o any_o be_v compel_v by_o force_n it_o be_v my_o advice_n that_o you_o abstain_v from_o this_o war_n and_o that_o imitate_v the_o good_a king_n which_o have_v live_v before_o you_o you_o may_v make_v they_o to_o revive_v in_o your_o maxim_n the_o way_n to_o reduce_v a_o rebelious_a people_n to_o obedience_n be_v by_o the_o allurement_n of_o virtue_n and_o not_o by_o the_o horror_n of_o arms._n yet_o china_n have_v have_v some_o conquer_a king_n but_o two_o or_o three_o at_o most_o if_o i_o be_o not_o mistake_v though_o they_o say_v that_o hiaovu_v who_o be_v one_o of_o these_o repent_v of_o the_o war_n which_o he_o have_v make_v and_o take_v no_o care_n to_o preserve_v his_o conquest_n gu-cupn_a one_o of_o the_o disciple_n of_o confucius_n ask_v he_o one_o day_n what_o thing_n be_v necessary_a to_o a_o good_a government_n plenty_n of_o provision_n reply_v he_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o soldier_n and_o ammunition_n for_o war_n of_o virtue_n in_o the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n i_o understand_v what_o you_o tell_v i_o reply_v the_o disciple_n but_o if_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o lack_v one_o of_o these_o three_o thing_n which_o will_v you_o quit_v the_o first_o the_o soldier_n answer_v the_o philosopher_n but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n also_o of_o lack_v provision_n or_o virtue_n which_o of_o these_o two_o loss_n will_v you_o choose_v i_o will_v choose_v say_v he_o to_o want_v provision_n he_o can_v not_o better_o testify_v the_o contempt_n of_o war_n and_o the_o love_n of_o good_a moral_n plato_n will_v have_v but_o a_o small_a number_n of_o citizen_n in_o his_o republic_n because_o that_o he_o dread_v the_o corruption_n in_o too_o great_a a_o multitude_n and_o that_o he_o care_v not_o so_o much_o as_o his_o republic_n shall_v last_v as_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v happy_a and_o consequent_o virtuous_a so_o long_o as_o it_o do_v last_o in_o fine_a the_o chineses_n have_v never_o neglect_v the_o instruction_n of_o the_o people_n beside_o that_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o know_v