so called by the Mores who about nine hundred yeares past tooke footing in that kingdome and since ouerflowed Spaine About eight hundred years past another company of Mores possessed that part which they named Granado of a citie they built The next are the Vandals a people of the North calling that part after their name Vandaluzia which by loosing the first letter and corruption of speach is called Andaluzia as Arrogona hath T being before Terracona But here I must not forget a report of their own touching the etimologie of Andaluzia which is that the Mores landing in Spaine demanded a pesant driuing an asse the name of that prouince but he vnderstanding them not spake to his asse Anda luzia which is go luzia according to which the Mores named that country but to returne Of these is a like quintessence drawne as Alexander drank out of the hoofe of an horse for what vicesoeuer hath bin peculiar to any of them besides those they had in cōmon is now proper to them all As I sayd before that a simple is more perfect then a compound so affirme I that those beasts which are engendred of sundrie kinds are most cruell If a lion match with a Parde there remaineth in the issue some generositie of the parent but if the Leopard couple him self with a Tiger nothing is to be looked for in their broode but a barbarous fiercenesse The naturall Spaniard being as a simple is of a confuse and beastly conceipt of diet miserable and furious nourished to increase those humours in scarsitie but mixed with the Gothes and Vandals giuen to the euery and drunkennes mingled with the Mores cruell and full of trecherie and consequently tasting of euerie one a spring of all filthinesse The Italian hath this prouerbe that a thing begun is halfe ended and experience teacheth that after the sunne hath climed the Meridian he declineth All things haue their infancie riper yeares decrepitage and are subiect to alteration yet passe not with like celeritie to their period The Spaniards began to be of some reputation but in the time of Ferdinando and Isabella who vnited Aragon and Castilia before which they were either subiect to the Carthaginians Romans or some other nation or els so deuided into small kingdomes that they were of no force It is therefore no maruell that Antonio di Gueuara in regard of their weaknes and want of valiant personages cited in his epistle to Don Ian di Padillia a Captaine of the rebels in Spain one Cid Fernan Gonsalis the knight Tiran and in his epistle to Sir Antoni of Cuniga prior of S. Iohn named Viriato a Spaniard he being a naturall Portingall whom the Spaniard aboue all men hateth as Comines maintaineth vnlesse it be to rob him of his honor and dignitie In the time then of Ferdinando after the rapine of the kingdomes of Naples Sicilia and Nauarre were they first esteemed neither would their fortunes haue had longer life then his age had they not ben after houed vnder the wings of the eagle during which time they increased their empire with Milan and caught some heat of the Lion In their prosperity they are of the nature of gourds which ouerlooke those things by which they clime England hath yelded them the greatest countenance besides their comoditie of sheepe the King hauing for the duties of wool 30 quentos the lower contries the greatest reuenues and these two are they at which they haue first leuelled They esteme the kingdoms of Castill and Aragon to be the cheifest of their Diadem yet do the commodities of Belgia contrepois more then the weight of both the due of the prouinces being seuen hundred quentos the kingdom of Castill but foure hundred and fifty and of Aragon Catalonia but one hundred and fifty wherby it should seeme that before they had rauened Malorques Nauar Milan Sicilia and Naples that their proper right notwithstanding their mine of Guadalcanal was of no great accompt the kingdom of Naples yelding three hundred and fifty quentos and the state of Milan three hundred quentos or after the opinion of Philip de Comines six hundred and fifty thousand Duckets which cometh neere to one reckning exceeding the rest of their aunciēt Domains of Spaine I speake nothing of the States of Parma and Florence for that since their match with the house of Austria they yealded the Spaniards but the lone of some citadells Yet was the surprising of Piazenza by the Emperors lieutenāt of Lūbardy treacherous cruel the Emperors answer framed by a Spanish frier Iacobin his confessor to the Bishop of Phano the Popes nuncio who solicited the restitution thereof no lesse cautelous and dishonerable vz. that in a doubtfull or obscure title the condition of the possessor is to be preferred before the other Lo here diuinity fit for Spaine and martial pollicie of Ferdinando Gonzaga But most infamous was their attempt towardes their general lieutenāt of Belgia who had deserued better of their nation which hath bene often fatall to his house but so vse they to make happy their frends It should seeme the king of Spaine exceedeth in greatnes and reuenues the mightiest kings in Europe but remember with all that vertue vnited is stronger and being dispearsed weaker and that also many things fall betwene the vpper lippe and the cuppe That garment therefore in my conceit is most comely that is of one cloth and most strong that is least peeced How then their robe will hang together I may gesse what the euent of all will be the wiser may foresee I alledged that as all things had their risings so had they also their fall though not after one motion I gather therby and the former circumstances that the empire of Spaine declineth but my chiefest ground is that nothing which is vehement is durable To deuine of those things which are in the secret purpose of God is impietie but to vse coniectures against coniectures answereth the iniustice of their ambition no man taking hurt but by meane of him selfe I could vse an incident for this which though it may seeme of small weight yet may it haue his misterie with his act who being of base condition placed himself with out any perturbation of minde in the royall seat of Alexander which the Caldeans prognosticated to portend the death of Alexander The actors were that Bergamasco for his phantastick humors named Monarcho and two of the Spanish embassadors retinue who being about foure and twentie yeares past in Paules church in London contended who was soueraigne of the world the Monarcho maintained him self to be he and named their king to be but his viceroy for Spain the other two with great fury denying it At which my self and some of good account now dead wondred in respect of the subiect they handled and that want of iudgment we looked not for in the Spaniards Yet this moreouer we noted that notwithstanding the weight of their
A BRIEFE DISCOVRSE OF THE SPANISH STATE VVITH a Dialogue annexed intituled PHILOBASILIS AT LONDON Imprinted by Richard Field dwelling in the Blacke-Friers neere Ludgate 1590. TO THE MOST HIGH MIGHTIE AND VERTVOVS PRINCESSE ELIZABETH BY THE GRACE OF GOD QVEENE OF ENgland France and Ireland c. be a most prosperous long and victorious raigne IF Caesar most gracious Soueraigne Ladie encouraged his Pilot being feareful in a tempest at sea by saying to him Feare not thou cariest Caesar howe much more may we be comforted feare no wind of fortune your sacred person being in our arke and your royall hand at the sterne of our gouernment for greater is your Maiestie then Caesar and of more power to giue life to the fift Monarchie which shall haue no ende then he to the fourth almost ended To subdue mightie nations remaineth onely in the monuments of time but to conquer men with pietie the guidon of all the vertues is to leaue a Trophaea of your Maiesties victories so great as no age can comprehend The consideration of this moueth the world with a reuerent regard of your Maiesties proceedings which being houed vnder the wing of God can suffer no alteration of time or fortune Who would an instance hereof he can haue none more honorable then the resolution of all men to withstand the Spaniards intended inuasion they being then most enclined to your Maiesties seruice when the danger seemed greatest by the neere approch of the Spanish Armado Seing then most mightie Princesse the blason of your vertues is best knowne by expressing their barbarous tyrannie contraries being perceiued by their contrarie effects I thought meete in regard thereof my dutie to your Maiestie commanding no lesse to display some Spanish colours whereby the brightnesse of your glorie issued from your qualified gouernment may the sooner appeare to all men This collection I most humbly Dedicate vnto your most excellent Maiestie beseeching him who hath placed you in the royall seate and miraculously preserued your Maiestie from sundrie sorts of great danger to giue your Highnesse a most prosperous and long life in assured tranquillitie to the glorie of his name and comfort of your faithfull and louing subiects Your Maiesties most faithfull humble and obedient subiect EDWARD DAVNCE TO THE NOBLE AND vertuous Reader THose may muse vvho sucke the breastes of change that by an odious inuectiue dravving enuie I should stirre them vvho by the indisposition of time make the vvorld tremble before them but let those knovve vvho to their losse desire nouelties that I being a naturall subiect of this realme esteeme nothing my hurt that may discouer the perill and reproch of a common enemie Common I tearme him vvho vnder colour of reformation seeketh to enlarge his Empire vvith the bloud of his ovvne sort Let them then vvho affect that faction rather desire to haue such a common vveale vvhich by false positions they thinke to be dismembred then none at all Let them be moreouer persvvaded that there is no religion vvhere there is no care of countrie vvhich I conclude from these principles First that vve can not loue God vvhom vve haue not seene if vve loue not our neighbours vvhom vve do see Secondly that he that regardeth not his houshold is vvorse then an Ethenicke To procure then the ruine of a region and to be guides to that enemie against vvhose auarice being entred there is no prouision to be made it is to be sea monsters and such as scoure in the sands of Tagus Farevvel Noble vertuous Reader vvith this caution that vpon any daunger of thy countrey thou place thy mind in heauen thy heart in Court and thy bodie in thy cuyrasse E. D. Gent. A BRIEFE DISCOVRSE OF THE SPANISH STATE PHILIP the father of great Alexander hauing increased his small kingdome of Macedonia to the Empire of Greece and considering how needfull the fauour of all men was for the life of his reputation in that romth commanded that daily ere he came from his chamber a boy standing at the dore should say with loud voyce Philip remember thou art a mortall man a course beyond anie expectation of that time he being deriued from Hercules whom for his excellencie they feigne was translated amongst the gods Some who haue since that time preferred iustice before the other vertues do name humilitie as that which belongeth onely to man to be the meanest notwithstanding that she linketh the rest and is mother to clemencie who chiefly bringeth forth the fauor of the people The regard which this prudent king had to make his succession immoueable and to raise them to the highest top of glorie as he did by making their foord by his affabilitie tempetance and clemencie is of excellent president for all Princes who to effect the like are to appeare before God as men clothed with humilitie and before men as God adotned with clemencie they being both men gods respecting their condition of humane frailtie and high place of their royall dignitie The error which groweth by the abuse of these things is dangerous as that which leadeth either into a manifest tyrannie or a remissenesse of gouernement For howe may he that perceiueth not the passions of men or feeleth not in him selfe an inclination to mercie either relieue the people of their miseries as man or prouide for their infirmities as God To seeme therfore such who seeke a reformation and benefit of the people a report very plausible and couertly to deuour manie prouinces is a practise neither of man or God but of Deuils incarnate I would there were not any vnto whom this might be obiected that her Maiestie whose most noble Progenitors haue deserued well of Spaine might if for no other cause then the auncient league betweene the Crowne of Castill and the house of Lancaster haue enioyed their good neighbourhood and friendship of times past But seeing that their cheerefull countenance being oppressed with the ill humours of their ambition is turned into a melancholie darke I haue thought good for the benefit of her Maiesties subiectes some of them hauing vaine imaginations of the Spaniards excellent giftes and greatnesse to drawe the lineaments of their Empire and good nature by which it may appeare howe monstruous the proportion of both is which they would should seeme most exquisit and comely to all men It is certaine that Spaine is of great antiquitie bearing that name vnder the first Monarchie but when we shall consider the significations of her and of her first inhabitant we shall find her age no ornament as it hath bene in the names of the foure Monarchies and of some other nations but a great deformitie considering her incommodities and peruerse qualities of that people all naturall defects being made more imperfect by continuance or alteration of times Touching therefore the significations of that countrie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 being a Greeke word is interpreted needinesse penurie and raritie and was not long
after the diuision of tongues first inhabited by the third sonne of Iaphet named Iobel or Tubal signifying worldly or of the world confusion and ignomie which significations meet so iumpe regarding the state of that counrie and customes of that nation as nothing could be deuised apter Of this contemptible beginning which in respect of their meannesse was long without suspition of tyrannie haue they lothing the streights of Hercules pillers and his Plus vltra extended their limits to the vtmost Indians where they haue erected this Trophaea of Alexanders conceipt Non sufficit orbis but how farre from the temperance of good Princes let anie barbarian iudge who would haue bene glutted with halfe the miseries of them with whose euils the Spaniard is not yet satisfied For better expressing the particularities of their policie let vs before we come to the significations of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Tubal only for an introductiō to the nature of both obserue these foure points First how that that nation rising like the bettle frō the cowshern hurtleth against al things Secōdly that they being of the nature of shadows which are short the Sunne ascending the Meridian and long being neere the Horizon make a deceiptfull proportion of their greatnesse Thirdly that whilest the great kings of Europe liued they were obscure and haue onely since their time bene seene like glowe wormes shining in the darke Fourthly that this region of Spaine though verie ancient was after the report of Polybius vnknown to the old Romanes the South part excepted aswell in respect of the vnfruitfulnesse of the soyle as sauage and rude life of the inhabitants all which concerne the significations of that countrie and inhabitant but first of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 It is conuenient that we perceiue the effectes of this name by nearer circumstances of ages then the former generall poincts in respect whereof we must first looke backeward as farre as three thousand yeares at which time the Phaenicians who were then of the greatest nauigation did buy of them their mettall for things of no accompt and small price an argument that either the Spaniards then were of great simplicitie a qualitie neuer growing to a habit in them or that they had great want of those things which are ordinarie for the life of man which is an inseparable accident of the greatest part of their countrey Secondly who considereth their naturall disposition to robberie in the maiden yeares of Spaine would thinke they had onely studied that lawe Licurgus made in the benefit of secret theft neither Hercules though he maistered their countrimen Gerion and the sonnes of Chrysaurus or the Romanes who often restrained them being able to suppresse their theeuerie But they depend vpon this ground that those things in which manie offend are alwayes forgiuen and that there is no law prescribed to necessitie Thirdly behold their small multitude of people regarding the bignesse of their countrey being one of the greatest kingdomes of Europe which proceedeth of the significations of Spaine caritie penurie and want For as it is natural that those females that giue sucke may bring so manie of their kind as they haue tets so is it monstruous to produce moe than they haue meanes to releeue this being alwaies a rule that there is no region which is fruitfull vnlesse mortalitie be a depriuing cause but that according to the good prouidence of nature it is also populous Fourthly suruay the scituation of Spaine which generally yeeldeth moe rockes and barren hils than champain and plaine fieldes from which after the midst of Iune they reape no profite till the next spring their trees and vines excepted neither haue they any great vse of their riuer waters which are so troubled and extreme colde in the first part of summer by snowes that descend from the hils by the heate of the sunne that they do not onely morfound and kill horses but also men if they haue not the dayly vse of Garlike which is esteemed very profitable for them that drinke corrupted water Fiftly obserue some causes of their rebellion in the time of the emperor Charles the 5. which were amongst other mislikes for that their coine was transported into Italy Flanders and Almaine and their graine into Portingall their next neighbour and note also how they are yeerely releeued from the Esterlings and Normandie with corne and from Brittani with Poultrie Sixtly marke their couetousnesse which vice though it be not alwaies in the poore yet haue they more cause to offende therein respecting their needie state than others This fault of auarice is no lesse peculiar to the Spaniards than theft both issuing from one fountaine and hauing their difference but in circumstance of time and persons the first belonging to their Princes is somewhile named ambition the other appertaining to the meaner sort they would should be called a militarie libertie but we know it by no other name then pilfring and robbery Touching their couetousnesse it partly appeareth in fraudulent shifting their creditors partly by their rauenous desire to oppresse all parts and partly by offending against the affections and dignitie of parents As concerning the cousinage of their creditors our Princes haue deeplier tasted their deceit then any others Don Piero being restored to his kingdome of Castill by the onely cheualrie and sole charges of the Duke of Aquitaine then Prince of Wales entertayned his most noble patron and good benefactor only with promises and after dispatched him into France with that payment which being not currant amongst the Gascon and English souldiers he was compelled to practise diuerse things contrarie to the custome of those partes which bred manie nouelties to the losse of those prouinces The Duke of Lancaster pursuing in Galitia the title of his wife Constance daughter to Don Piero and heire of Castile sent the Archbishop of Burdeaux to Piero king of Aragon for the arrerages of those summes hee was to pay Edvvard the third and his heires Dukes of Aquitan for the yearely discharge of 500. horse but hee had no other paiment the alterations of this Realme not permitting to bring this king to reason but the imprisonment of his Ambassador in Barcelona The Emperor Charles the 5. as king of Spaine to draw Henrie the eight into a warre against France who had paide him yearely from thence 133. thousand crownes for his sisters dower and pencion made himselfe debtor to the king for that annual summe couenanting moreouer that if hee married not in conuenient time Marie then Princes of the age but of seuen yeares to pay the king foure hundred thousand crownes besides three hundred thousand crownes that were lent him which billes for any thing I know lie in the deck vnlesse Queene Marie to please her husband cancelled them How the French king Charles the 8. released the king of Aragon 50000. crownes his father Levvis the
11. lent vpon the Counties of Roussilion and Parpignan by meane of that cousining frier Oliuer Maillard I let passe with these notes that as it behooueth the kings of France to suspect the hypocrisie of friers in regard of the ambition of Spaine and Lorran so it standeth the king of Spaine in hand not to dye in Egypt no man being buried there by an ancient law of that region if his gouernement hath bin tyranous or his debts vnpaide To returne to the second part of their couetousnesse ouerthrowing the foundation of Iustice if this ground be true that nothing is profitable that is not honest these men are too deuout seruitors of the Pope he crying this Prince sweats or fetch to leape like water spaniels at the sacred dignities of kings and to enter violently their Domaines established by his diuine order who said by me kings do raigne I will iustifie it that if the right of Millaine appertaine not to the kings of France who claimed that Dutchie by Valentina grandmother to Levvis the twelfth daughter and heire to Iohn Galeazzo who had it of the gift of the Emperor Sigismund that then it belongeth to the Empire It is also certaine that the Spanish claime to the kingdome of Naples and Sicilia if the treatie at Madrick helpe not is voidable the same growing vpon the adoption of Alphonso king of Aragon by Iohn the daughter of Lancelot the son of Charles de la Paix an vsurper of those realmes which for good cause shee retracted in her life conuaied her title to Levvis the third sonne to Levvis the second sonne to Levvis the first being Duke of Aniou and before adopted by Ioan the daughter of Levvis the sonne of Robert all which were lawfully possessed of those Realmes After which Levvis the third Duke of Aniou hauing in him the right of the two Queenes and dying without issue left thē to his brother Rene who hauing no issue male gaue his interest to his brother Charles who dying likewise without issue left his title by testament to the french king Levvis the 11. in respect wherof Charles the 8. his sonne entred Italie recouered Naples where he was crowned Moreouer the Spaniard neither as king of Spaine or Duke of Burgundie hath any right to Holland Zeland and Henault the same hauing bene the patrimonie of Iaquet daughter heire to Guilliam Duke of Bauiers wife to Iohn Duke of Brabant who died without issue since which time Philip the Duke of Burgundy his cosen his heire hauing their will for law haue violently detained those prouinces Furthermore their title to Maiorica Minorica to the higher Nauar resteth vpon these doubts first that if king Philip were takē in battel or intrapped by other meanes and imprisoned during his life whether Spaine shuld be forfait to him whose captiue he were Secondly if Spaine were prescribed by the holy father who many times is implacable whether that kingdome were his who first laid hand thereon I am perswaded they would reck on these questions absurd but if the case bee altered with names it is cocke on the hoope for them clearer then the midday For the king of Aragons conquest of Maiorica and Minorica was by no other meane then by keeping the king of both in prison till his death of which wrong the king his sonne complained to Edvvard Duke of Aquitan who assured him his wars ended for Don Piero of Castile he would yeeld him all fauor possible Their chiualrie in their thieuish surprising the higher Nauarre which they hold by force of the Popes proscription is of like condition whereby it may appeare that notwithstanding these Caualeros haue their Rapiers hanging point blancke that it is their penurie at home that giues them stomake according to their name that they are Sagaces Hispani to winde or smell their neighbors cupbords abrode The late Prince of Orenge hath declared their iniurie to Don Anthonio for Portingall and God himselfe wherein we haue to boast and be thankfull hath with hautie stile penned our Apologie for England wherefore I omit both to shewe the last branch of their couetousnesse then which there is nothing that more toucheth their indignitie for if it be proper to the Lion and Tiger to pursue with incredible furie those that bereue them of their whelpes what greater beastlines can there be in man who hath reason is not borne for himselfe then contrarie to the naturall instinct of brute beastes to make his issue captiue whom nature made free as the Spaniards by selling the Indian women conceiued with child by them haue done to their great obloquie This kinde of auarice caused the Indians to practise new matter but rather it may be the diuine punishment considering the simplicitie of that people who as they could opportunely take the Spaniards powred melted gold into their mouthes vsing Thomyris words to Cyrus head in bloud now drinke your fill To returne from whence I digressed touching their qualities expressing the significations of Spaine Next to their couetousnesse their enuy is to be regarded a vice proper to men of base account and peculiar aboue all others to this nation as well by testimonie of Gaston the Erle of Foix a Prince of singular magnificence and valure who dehorting the Lords of Biern from seruing the king of Castill against the Portingall tould them the Spaniards were filthie lowsie and enuious of the prosperitie of straungers which at Iuberoth the French desiring to haue the vanward found true the king of Castill not being able in regard of their place to bring his Spaniards though 20000. to make supply by meane whereof the Lords of Biern with their retinue being 12000. were slaine As also by the Duke of Albas reproouing Countie Egmond who with the aide of our artilery from sea ouerthrew the Frenchmen betweene Grauelin and Dunkercke which victorie the Spaniard imputed onely to the Counties temerity and for recompence of his valure could not after aford him his life Hitherto haue I prooued the significations of Spaine as causes by their effects or maximes by their consequences now remaineth to speake of Tubal signifying of the world worldly confusion and ignomy Some may thinke that what hath bene said for Spaine belongeth also to Tubal but I am of another minde for as it followeth not necessarily that whosoeuer is rich is therefore proud high minded and insolent no more is it consequent that the poore are worldly confuse and ignominious many of both sorts being such whom God doth loue in respect whereof it behoueth me to handle this as the other a part to make apparant that they are no lesse confuse and ignominious than naturally poore and miserable As for these words worldly or of the world although their grosse ignorance of diuine things may be prooued thereby yet for that they belong to my Masters the Diuines I let them passe First therefore as touching confusion it is a peruerting
Canibals onely not one in these dayes feeling the smart of either hath not more pietie or is not more simple then others Omitting for that I would draw to an end their cruelties which haue no ende as their hunting the Indians with dogs and other like villanies hauing spoken before of men offending against their owne persons the subiect the Magistrate and the Superior the inferior The next is of confounding societie amongst priuate persons of one Nation for which I wil cite one example as it was reported to me at Venice 1569. by a Gentleman of the house of Mantua of great credite His other additions I passe with silence least he yet liue and may thereby be in daunger of the bugges of Millan his neighbors The manner thereof was as he said in this sort One of these monsters meeting his enimie vnarmed threatned to kill him if he denied not God his power and essentiall properties vz. his mercy sufferance c. the which when the other desiring life pronounced with great horror kneeling vpon his knees the Brano cried out nowe will I kill thy bodie and soule and at that instant thrust him through with his Rapier The last part of confusion is left to their confounding the societie of Nations belonging also to ciuill societie maintained by Ambassadors entercourse of trafficke iustice ministred strangers open denouncing of warre and mercie to the vanquished As for the first though it hath beene in vse to beare with whatsoeuer an Ambassador not exceeding his commission or an Herault wearing the Cote-armor of his Prince deliuered as the French king Charles the sixt suffered a proud defiance from the Duke of Geldres yet haue the Spaniards as men tied to no rule not onely murthered Ambassadors passing their countrie as Alphonso d'Aual their Lieuetnant in Lumbardy slue Caesar Fregoso and Antony Rinson sent from France towards Constantinople but also haue killed some sent to themselues as Ferdinando of Aragon who vsurped Naples murthered one Segnior Iacobo the Ambassador of Francis Duke of Millan and imprisoned others as the king of Aragon did the Archbishop of Buxdeaux sent from the Duke of Lancaster before named Neither haue they beene lesse iniurious to our marchants they hauing arrested some burnt others and stayed the goods of many without restitution vpon this pretence they had in their ships or chambers the Psalmes of Dauid or some treatise of Scripture in the vulgar the same being either the Erle of Surries sonets or some other like matter but neither were our countrie men so happie to bee afflicted for righteousnesse or the Spaniards so iust in censuring their lightnesse which should haue bin reformed at home for if the reading a Sonet or the bookes of Amadis du Gaul which they haue incresed to a great volume bâ—e death which of them are free from iudgement their chiefest Lectures consisting vnlesse in the superstitious iudicials of Astronomie in such light and vaine matter sed hinc ille lacrymae that they are of all men most contemptible if they loose the counterfait of holinesse To seeme good and be so is hard but to be euill and seeme good is easie and the onely thing that hath made them great To seize therefore on the foxes case it was requisite to name him a horned beast entring the lyons denne which rule maketh much for their oppression of all nations by stealth Neither is this name Lutheran vnprofitable for them they meaning to ouerthrow thereby this position Contra hostes non est nisi legitimè dimicandum which partly is by deuouring warre to them whom they inuade and to draw vs either as heretickes or traitors to their persons into a degree higher then those that are tearmed hostes But how that may be I see not the one being in question and the other vntrue vnlesse the regard of neighborhood be an offence which Abraham with the testimonie of a good conscience vsed But grant we were worthily excluded the priuiledges of armes for not being of that church we thanke God they are of What moued them to pretend an indefesible peace by meane of no lesse State than Philip the Archduke of Austria with Levvis the twelfth named for his piety the father of his countrie and being as they tearme their friends buenos Catholicos they surprising at that time the kingdome of Naples surely no other thing then which caused the Duke of Parma to entertaine her Maiesties Ambassadors with a long parle till their great Armado was vpon our coast These things are inexcusable and therefore I am of this minde that if they had that bell named Martinella which the ancient Florentines rong one moneth continually before they entered into any warre they would say they could not make her sound for want of a rope Their want of compassion towards the vanquished is of one scantling with their iniustice to straungers to whom the lawe of Nations hath alwayes had speciall regard The lawes permit to take armes against enimies but to spoile them who haue submitted their liues to vs is ignoble and farre from the generositie of our elders Some obiect for their cruelty the slaughter of the French prisoners at Iuberoth wherein I shew my opinion they had double wrong first for that they were Portingals that did that deede a Nation for this eight hundred yeares distinct froÌ„ Spaine Secondly if they had bin Spaniards they had bin without blame hauing to do with a new enimie that was fresh and thrise their number I therefore omit this and Francis the French king complaining in Guicciardin of his entertainement in Spaine and wil for their acts done put the reader in mind of their gratious behauiour before recited towards the simple Indians and for their purpose to doe shewe him the intention of the Marquise of Guasto It is in controuersie whether a Christian taking a Christian in battell may giue his armes so is it determined hee may not simply detaine his prisoner paying his ransome much lesse oppresse him being yeelded the Marquise notwistanding these rules encountering Francis of Bourbon Earle of Anguien at Sirrizolles entended had he gotten the victorie to send all the frenchmen in chaines to the gallies a most cruell thought considering the noblenes of the French Nation and his owne profession of knighthood Thus much of their confounding things diuine naturall ciuill and forren the same appertaining to one of the significations of Tubal now remaineth to say somewhat of the other and last signification which is Ignomy This may be named a reproch or blot belonging to the foulenesse of any act before done a description not disagreing with the French prouerbe Orguiell cheuauche deuant honte vene apres That Ignomy followeth our vices as shadowes our bodies though it needeth no proofe experience teaching no lesse yet not to leaue men to coniectures behold a position made by Philip de Comines Lord of Argentai whose singular honestie and valure sufficed to giue his sentences