Selected quad for the lemma: kingdom_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
kingdom_n	country_n	great_a	king_n	8,331	5	3.6012	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A07552	The customers replie. Or Second apologie That is to say, an aunswer to a confused treatise of publicke commerce, printed and dispersed at Midlebourghe and London, in fauour of the priuate Society of Merchants-Aduenturers. By a more serious discourse of exchange in merchandise, and merchandising exchange. Written for vnderstanding readers onely, in fauour of all loyall merchants, and for the aduancing of traffick in England.	Milles, Tho. (Thomas), 1550?-1627?	1604 (1604)	STC 17932; ESTC S114604	32,899	48

* Synagogue SOCIETY a COMMVNION OF SAINTS Pronouncing all that dislike distaste or distrust their Doctrine for EN TER-LO PERS That is to say * All English Christian loyall Merchants Crucifige Scismaticks Hereticks and Infidels vnwoorthy to breath Common-ayre or liue in any Common-Wealth Concluding strongly withall That these Men thus put in trust with the credite and Creame of the Kingdome our Cloth must needes bee holden more loyall to their Prince more seruiceable to the State more welcome to their Neighbours and therefore more to be honoured then any other Men with a Name aboue all Names of MERCHANTS-ADVENTVRERS With this and such like stuffe the Booke beeing confusedly fraught cuius contrarium verissimum est might well haue beene suffered to haue dyed in the birth if withall it had not beene mingled with aspertions of obloquy vntruthes against CVSTOMERS of the Out-Ports of the Realme CVSTOMERS A kinde of Creatures capable of Religion aswell as Reason free Men by birth and of best education Men euery way happy saue in their Names and Callings and in nothing more wretched then in the Places of their Functions The Out-Ports of the Realme London the onely Port of England all other Ports are counted but Out-Ports to London O holy LONDON Men I say that being by the curious eye of the Law Chosen of the best and placed in the ranke of the most sufficient that Wisedome can finde or choise afford would faine retaine the reputations The Law is as carefull in the choise of a Customer as of a Shriefe of the Shiere if not of Saints yet at the least of Christians and plaine honest Men. To let it therefore in some sort appeare that it is not enough for Men affecting their owne good credits by Traffick to value theyr worths by disgracing of others and that by such kind of Imputations Shifts Customers are no Prophets to gesse by the Goods of what Nation the Owner is it beeing a mysterie among Merchants to lend hands and culloure one anothers dealing as none but Merchants perhaps themselues that thus byte and whine onely or most vsually commit and is not in the Customers power to preuent or amend that which ensueth hath beene wrung from them by way of further Defence For though it might be said That to aunswere all priuate oppositions were fruitlesse and to no end yet least he that runnes alone should still thinke himselfe formost to satisfie Wisedome and Authoritie it selfe The Treatise hath beene twice printed at Midleburge and London and dedicated to the Lord Cecill I haue beene prouoked by words writings out of other Mens labours and former experience as by way of witnes to make good that for Traffick which the Apologie before did but tenderly touch and briefelie set downe Besides Not to shew the decay of those Effects which both maintaine Customers Credits and giue Essence to their Functions by the occasions of the Ecclyps in their Cause Efficient were wittingly to betray the generall good of all Men worthily to set down in perpetuall obloquy And publique slaunders are not washt off but by publicke Defence For TRAFFICK therefore Customers beeing bound and bold to contend the aduancement whereof like Hony in Hiues increaseth Customes * The childish commendation of Trafficke by the Treatise-writer Page 3. Not that Commerce which children assoone as theyr tongues are at liberty doe season their sports by Nor that which Weomen among themselues doe chop and change by But that TRAFFICK whose Lawes at the Standart of Equitie wey out Order not by priuate Discretion nor partiall Affection but by the weight of generall Iustice. Whose Merchants are Persons all euery where Loyall and friendly Whose Ports Staples at home Markets Marts at home abroade are places for accesse conueniently easie and for safety generally free And whose Merchandise for Matter honest for Vse profitable by Nature admirable and by Art made amiable is at all handes vendible onely for the Goodnes That TRAFFICK I say whose diuine Elixar Goodnesse the quintessence of Nature and Art applied to Materialls breedes Misteries in Trades turnes Trades into Mettals and all Mettals into pure Siluer and fine Golde The restauring power whereof easing all griefes in Sores suppling all Sores in diseases and curing all Diseases in particular Members holdes the whole Bodies of Kingdomes in health Lastlie That TRAFFICK which concernes Kings and Kingdoms whose seate is euery where the Soueraignes bosome Whose voyce well tuned is the harmonie of the World To whom Courts and Countries owe fealtie and homage the meanest Subiects feeling her care the greatest Princes subiect to her prouidence Whom both Noble and vnnoble admire as the Nursse of all their earthly honors prosperities peace and ioy To the end I say that by other mens complaints as well as Customers the world may see how hunted restrained monopolised and ill beholden that TRAFFICK is hath been to all priuate Societies In the Fore-Ranck whereof I set the * This is heere added onely that the Treatise-writer might examine the grounds of his ovvne folly or frenzie in taxing Customers as friends to the Haunces by speaking against his Merchants-Aduenturers To whom as to Subiects onely for their Soueraignes sake they wish all kindnes and loue but reuerence neyther as absolute Princes HAVNCES that beeing but Subiects a part and a sunder vnder seuerall Soueraignes yet combined together dare contest with Princes and these our MERCHANTS-ADVENTVRERS as her two most wayward and wrangling children Who preferring particuler Decrees before generall Treatise and Lawes with publick weapons maintayning contentions for priuate wrongs in steed of Order pretended breede nothing but complaints at home confusions within themselues endlesse troubles to graue Counsailes at Counsaile-Tables and vnkind Iarres betweene Kingdomes States Allies and forraine Neighbour-friendes Leauing therefore the TREATISE-WRITER to beleeue still in the CREEDE whose Articles are certainely most holy and true though Pontius Pilates Name stand for no Saint And the MERCHANTS-ADVENTVRERS to the Story of ISIS Whose Image of gold it was that men so admired in all places where it came and not the beautie of the Beast that bare it I referre your Wisedomes and Honourable patience to the Counter-Treatise following beeing a plaine Demonstration of that Canker of Commerce MERCHANDISING-EXCHANGE I say a cleere detection of that Contempt of Lawes Disdaine of Equity Scorne of publique Magistrates Dishonour of Princes and Mysterie of Iniquitie And a liuely Description of that * VSVRIE Monster of CREETE deuouring as it were by yeerely tribute the bodies of Men soules of Christians His hatching and broode his Muces haunts his Practise and Shifts his Shape and Name vnder the Title of MERCHANDIZING-EXCHANGE The Laborinth of whose inextricable Errors none may safelie enter whose Person none can encounter and quell but fatall THESEVS assisted by the thred of addresse and Counsaile of ARIADNE A worke sometimes proiected to

vppon one thing or other that thereupon beganne to grow some disorder of prices in all wares and commodities sold in this Kingdome which being first perceiued by the Graue and Fatherly Gouernors of the Realme in the raigne of blessed King Edward the sixt they consulted together for the deuising of some wayes to be taken to auoyde the said disorder so begunne and sprung And the best meanes for that purpose was thought by their wisdomes to be the deminishing of all the white currant coyne and Money of the Realme intending by that meanes at the length to haue vtterly banished from thence all such counterfeited coyne taking leisure withall study care to doe it with as much ease and as little losse to euery State condition as could be deuised But before this their godly and most lawdable purpose could be brought to effect when it was yet but in talke and consultation and onely a rumor bruted and spred abroade that such a decry of Money should be The Merchants Aduenturers prepared withall speed possible The Merchants Aduenturers priuate shift to preuent the Princes purpose for the common good Armour and defence against the losse which they feared their State should fall into thereby when indeede euery person of the Realme ought to haue borne with a very good will the sayd losse for the redressing of the sayd disorder so sprung vp in the Realme in the prices of all things bought and sold betweene party and party according as the prudent and wise Counsellors of the Kings Maiesty had deuised and purposed to haue brought to passe and as the rest of all States of the ☞ Realme would haue yeelded vnto if the Merchants Aduenturers had beene destitute of their Exchange But greedy lucar and priuate gaine coulde not suffer their couetous harts to beare any little losse at that present though it should in the end haue turned to the common benefit of all the Realme And so forsooth without further helpe they vsed the pollicy of Merchandising Exchange their practise wherein was as it were to disualue and decry the price of the English pound in currant Money by the same Exchange for the passing of Money therby betweene England and their Marting-Townes Which pound had beene currant amongst them two and fro in the sayd Exchange vntill that time betweene 26 sh and 30 sh Flemish but then sodainely they decried and disualued it to 16. and 17 sh Flemish and at length to 13 sh Flemish before the alteration of the coyne was proclaimed by the which occasion the prices of all forraine wares and Merchandizes rose excessiuely in England as of necessity they must for the lesse Flemish Money is allowed for the English pound at the Marting-Townes at the other side the Sea in their fouresayd Exchange the dearer and the higher prices must all that Country wares beare bought there to bee transported into England which for the respect of the base price of th'english Money must needes be sold after the like rate in England For whereas before vntill that time the English pound had beene worth at the sayd Marting-Townes at least 26. ss Flemish then by this abasing of the Exchange 26. ss Flemish was brought to bee worth at the end 40. ss English because the sayd English pound was no more in value but 13. ss Flemish in their Merchandising Exchange by which meanes the thing that cost but 13 sh Flemish was sold betweene 20 and 26. ss English in England which manners of Sales must needes cause all manner of Flemish wares to beare excessiue and inordinate prices there which immoderate prices of strange and forraine wares were sufficient cause to be alledged why all the commodities of England did first arise to such prices as they doe still beare euen at this day because so great a quantity of the sayd Flanders wares were brought thether and bee in so great vse so much bought and spent of all manner of sorts of persons in England Yet notwithstanding the said Flemish wares were not the next and principall cause that the English commodities did so rise and exceed in price but rather the two Companies of English Merchants the Staplers Aduenturers for they made so gainefull reckoning at their Marting-Townes by returning home theyr Money by Merchandising Exchange that they past not what price they gaue and paid for the commodities of the Realme in England for the Staplers made aboue 28. ss Flemish of euery pound English they solde theyr wares and Merchandizes ☞ for by an old composition taken betweene them and the Merchants of those parts by the which manner of reckoning they got aboue 60. in the hundred in England The like reckonings made the Merchants Aduenturers by the sales of theyr commodities although theyr gaines were not so certaine because they had no such composition with the Merchants of those parts as the Staplers had Yet sold they after such rate that they made of euery English pound betweene 26. and 28 shillings Flemish all the while the Exchange came from thence Admirable Vsury after the rate of 400. pound or 500. pound made of 100. pound in one yeere betweene 16. and 18 sh for the English pound And so amounteth theyr gaines to aboue 50. and 60. in the 100. for a Moneths space or at the most for the space of one Mart making and returning home theyr Money by their Exchange During the time of which Exchange there was such a speedy and quicke trafficke betweene England and the Marting-Townes and all for the loue of this lucar great gaines that no commoditie in England transportable for those parts could lye by them vnbought And this meanes and practise of the two Companies of Merchants in following the Trafficke Merchandising Exchange was the principall cause why both forraine wares and English grew to such excessiue prices in England For when all other sorts and conditions of persons of the Realme perceiued that the bettering and amending of the ☞ coine of Mony of the Realme was nothing esteemed amongst the Merchants but rather lesse regarded as though it had bin lesse in value then it was before forsomuch as they daily encreased the price of the wares they brought from the Marting-Townes to be sold in England All other States likewise beganne to passe and set nothing by it and so rather couited to bestow it rashly and vnaduisedly in one thing or other what price so euer things did beare then discreetly and warily to foresee and looke afore-hand how they might bestow it for the bringing downe of the immoderate prices that euerything was growne vnto because they were perswaded that the said English coyne was no more worth then the Exchanging Merchants valued it at In so much that the Clothiers which came to Blackwell-hall set theyr pices on their Clothes according ☞ as they learned of the Merchants the price of Money came from the Marting-Townes in their Merchandising Exchange into England and not according to the valuation thereof