call_v in_o latin_a deva_n of_o the_o river_n which_o we_o term_v dourdowy_a to_o say_v the_o water_n of_o dee_n the_o englishman_n call_v it_o legancestre_n and_o afterward_o clip_a chester_n the_o name_v short_a call_v it_o chester_n and_o the_o citizen_n do_v glory_n that_o they_o have_v the_o body_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o emperor_n who_o they_o affirm_v to_o have_v yield_v up_o the_o empire_n and_o have_v betake_v himself_o to_o a_o hermit_n life_n and_o so_o be_v they_o likewise_o persuade_v of_o herald_n who_o be_v the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o danish_a blood_n more_o east_n from_o these_o be_v the_o doruentani_fw-la now_o derbishyremen_n so_o term_v of_o their_o cheifcitie_n dwrguent_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_z white_a water_n all_o these_o shire_n and_o convente_n with_o a_o great_a part_n of_o wales_n as_o far_o as_o the_o renown_a ditch_n of_o king_n offa_n of_o which_o we_o will_v speak_v hereafter_o make_v up_o the_o six_o kingdom_n of_o english_a saxon_n in_o britain_n which_o of_o the_o river_n merse_n be_v call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o mercij_fw-la or_o march._n here_o now_o i_o can_v sufficient_o marvel_v how_o wolfangus_fw-la lazius_n a_o man_n excellent_o learn_v and_o very_o well_o deserve_v of_o all_o that_o be_v studious_a of_o antiquity_n in_o his_o great_a work_n of_o the_o migration_n of_o nation_n shall_v be_v so_o much_o deceive_v as_o to_o say_v that_o the_o mertij_fw-la or_o people_n of_o march_n be_v marcomanni_n and_o the_o their_o king_n penda_n offa_n with_o all_o the_o rest_n reign_v in_o the_o low_a germany_n be_v most_o evident_a in_o all_o history_n that_o there_o be_v never_o any_o such_o kingdom_n there_o and_o that_o these_o king_n &_o people_n who_o he_o affirm_v to_o have_v dwell_v in_o germany_n inhabit_v that_o country_n of_o britain_n which_o we_o now_o describe_v likewise_o while_o he_o endeavour_v to_o link_v together_o the_o discentes_fw-la and_o pedigree_n of_o the_o norman_a blood_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n he_o handle_v they_o so_o confuse_o &_o so_o far_o beside_o truth_n that_o it_o seem_v he_o never_o read_v either_o the_o name_n or_o order_n or_o deed_n of_o the_o king_n but_o it_o be_v rather_o likely_a that_o he_o learn_v they_o by_o hearsay_n of_o some_o babble_a unlearned_a fool_n that_o have_v no_o regard_n of_o his_o good_a same_o or_o honesty_n as_o a_o neither_o have_v â—oone_o of_o late_a day_n a_o man_n famous_o learn_v in_o the_o mathematics_n in_o his_o geographical_a chart_n of_o this_o island_n and_o beside_o these_o hieromus_fw-la ruscellus_n in_o his_o ptolomaeus_n late_o print_v at_o venice_n while_o he_o go_v about_o to_o set_v forth_o new_a name_n correspondent_a to_o the_o old_a confound_v place_n a_o hundred_o mile_n distant_a one_o from_o another_o namely_o error_n colchester_n and_o wynchester_n neither_o in_o other_o place_n be_v his_o gheass_n any_o thing_n more_o certain_a wherefore_o i_o exhort_v man_n not_o to_o trust_v he_o in_o this_o behalf_n there_o remain_v the_o seven_o and_o last_o kingdom_n of_o saxon_n in_o england_n which_o they_o term_v nordan_n humbrorum_fw-la because_o it_o stand_v at_o the_o northecoast_n of_o humber_n the_o same_o be_v afterward_o divide_v into_o two_o kyngedome_n of_o the_o deer_n and_o bernice_n the_o kingdom_n of_o deera_fw-mi contain_v all_o the_o country_n from_o humbre_a and_o trent_n to_o the_o river_n tyssa_n bernicia_n reach_v from_o tyssa_n to_o the_o scottish_a sea_n which_o they_o call_v now_o fyrthew_n the_o britain_n term_v this_o same_o brennich_n &_o the_o other_o deifyr_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o region_n especial_o south_n ward_n be_v call_v snotyngomenses_n but_o now_o most_o common_o notingamshiremen_n next_o unto_o these_o be_v yorkeshyreman_n who_o of_o the_o roman_n be_v call_v brigant_n of_o who_o tacitus_n write_v thus_o petilius_n caerealis_n fight_v many_o bataile_n whereof_o some_o be_v not_o unbloody_a against_o the_o city_n of_o the_o brigant_n which_o be_v report_v to_o be_v the_o place_n of_o resort_n to_o the_o whole_a populous_a province_n and_o obtain_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o brigant_n either_o by_o victory_n or_o else_o by_o fight_n all_o these_o the_o li_a champion_n of_o the_o scottish_a name_n hector_n boëthius_n stick_v not_o to_o put_v into_o his_o gallovidia_fw-la and_o to_o prove_v the_o same_o by_o argument_n gather_v out_o of_o ptolomaeus_n and_o tacitus_n but_o how_o much_o ptolomaeus_n be_v deceive_v trust_v to_o the_o report_n of_o other_o in_o describe_v the_o length_n and_o breadth_n of_o place_n in_o britain_n for_o he_o write_v that_o scotland_n lie_v forth_o to_o the_o east_n &_o that_o the_o far_a promontory_n thereof_o be_v viij_o degree_n more_o easterly_a than_o any_o place_n of_o england_n which_o in_o this_o paralelle_n do_v make_v about_o 240_o mile_n which_o be_v altogether_o untrue_a sing_v england_n stand_v more_o to_o the_o east_n then_o scotlandeâ—â—the_v â—â—the_z be_v as_o clear_v as_o day_n light_n to_o all_o those_o that_o have_v taste_v of_o cosmography_n but_o ptolomaeus_n be_v to_o be_v pardon_v be_v excuse_v a_o egyptian_a bear_v and_o excellent_o well_o learn_v in_o mathematicals_n who_o have_v do_v the_o best_a he_o can_v but_o not_o foolish_a and_o impudent_a boëthius_n bear_v and_o bring_v up_o no_o far_o of_o than_o scotland_n he_o speak_v thus_o of_o tacitus_n that_o he_o be_v a_o grave_a author_n affirm_v that_o the_o brigant_n be_v a_o spanish_a brood_n dwell_v in_o a_o far_a corner_n of_o britain_n far_a than_o any_o dare_v avouch_v that_o at_o his_o time_n the_o britain_n have_v pass_v oh_o impudent_a face_n where_o about_o do_v tacitus_n speak_v thus_o of_o the_o brigant_n he_o seem_v to_o derive_v the_o siluri_n by_o a_o colour_n from_o the_o spanish_a brood_n because_o they_o lie_v over_o against_o spain_n gallovida_fw-la be_v far_a from_o spain_n then_o any_o region_n of_o england_n or_o wales_n and_o that_o in_o tacitus_n time_n the_o brigant_n be_v first_o know_v to_o the_o roman_n i_o confess_v it_o but_o he_o find_v it_o not_o in_o tacitus_n and_o not_o mindful_a of_o himself_o as_o it_o behove_v a_o liar_n to_o be_v he_o call_v not_o to_o remembrance_n that_o he_o write_v in_o another_o place_n that_o claudius_n the_o emperor_n adjoin_v also_o unto_o his_o empire_n the_o orchades_n which_o lie_v beyond_o scotland_n but_o let_v we_o bid_v faithless_a hector_n a_o dieu_fw-fr and_o let_v we_o now_o also_o see_v what_o the_o ancient_a writer_n have_v write_v of_o the_o brigant_n ptolomaeus_n recite_v the_o city_n brigant_n of_o brigant_n eboracum_n epiacum_n calatum_n bimonium_fw-la caturactonium_n rhigodunum_n isurium_n olicana_n with_o other_o all_o man_n know_v that_o eboracum_n be_v that_o city_n which_o the_o britain_n call_v caër_fw-la efroc_n the_o englishman_n euerwyke_v and_o now_o short_a york_n of_o the_o rest_n we_o do_v york_n but_o conjecture_n as_o bimonium_n to_o be_v bincestre_n calatum_n which_o antoninus_n and_o bede_n call_v calcaria_n to_o be_v helicastre_n now_o tadcastre_n rhigodunum_n rippon_n and_o olicana_n haligfex_fw-la and_o that_o isurium_n be_v call_v aldburg_n there_o be_v never_o any_o man_n that_o dream_v that_o these_o city_n be_v in_o scotland_n but_o antoninê°_n ascribe_v they_o to_o the_o brigant_n &_o place_v they_o in_o the_o way_n which_o lead_v to_o london_n from_o the_o ually_n praetorium_n for_o that_o there_o be_v a_o valley_n from_o the_o river_n soluathianus_fw-la to_o the_o mouth_n of_o tine_n all_o do_v know_v i_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o the_o brigant_n be_v ever_o in_o scotland_n in_o so_o much_o that_o the_o remembrance_n of_o this_o name_n remain_v until_o this_o day_n amongst_o we_o for_o when_o we_o see_v any_o man_n not_o due_o obey_n law_n &_o commandment_n he_o we_o call_v chwaret_n brigans_n that_o be_v to_o say_v one_o that_o play_v the_o brigant_a and_o like_v as_o they_o be_v rebel_n against_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n so_o do_v he_o contemn_v the_o law_n of_o magistrate_n and_o of_o elder_n and_o sure_o i_o be_o of_o belief_n that_o all_o deera_fw-mi before_o time_n be_v call_v brigantia_n ptolomaeus_n place_v the_o vernicones_n and_o taiazalos_n between_o the_o river_n tine_n and_o tweed_n this_o country_n alone_o now_o refayn_v the_o name_n of_o northumberland_n when_o all_o northumberland_n the_o region_n before_o time_n from_o that_o river_n to_o the_o scotish_n sea_n be_v call_v by_o that_o name_n for_o there_o be_v no_o river_n in_o all_o britain_n that_o have_v the_o name_n of_o humbre_fw-mi but_o only_o the_o water_n into_o who_o many_o notable_a stream_n do_v flow_v whereby_o our_o friend_n m._n leland_n not_o with_o out_o good_a cause_n suppose_v that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v call_v aber_n which_o among_o the_o britain_n signify_v a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n either_o swiftness_n or_o fall_v of_o any_o
water_n either_o into_o the_o sea_n as_o aberconwy_n abertivi_fw-la abertawy_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o mouth_n of_o conway_n tibius_n and_o tobius_n or_o into_o some_o great_a river_n as_o aber_n hodni_fw-la abergevenni_fw-la to_o say_v the_o fall_n of_o hodnus_fw-la and_o gevenus_fw-la into_o osca_n moreover_o we_o call_v mouth_n and_o entrance_n of_o river_n aber_n without_o add_v any_o thing_n more_o thereto_o as_o in_o carnaruanshyre_n between_o conovium_fw-la and_o banchorium_fw-la in_o the_o same_o manner_n so_o that_o i_o think_v aber_n to_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o aestus_fw-la do_v which_o be_v the_o rage_n fall_v or_o force_v of_o water_n as_o be_v most_o agreeable_a with_o ptolomaeus_n above_o these_o be_v the_o damnij_n who_o chief_a city_n antoninus_n make_v vandagora_n to_o be_v not_o far_o from_o the_o valley_n ofdam_n whereby_o i_o conjecture_v that_o they_o be_v those_o which_o we_o call_v now_o westmerlandshyremen_n the_o selgovij_fw-la and_o otadeni_n in_o time_n westmoreland_n past_a inhabit_v cumberland_n at_o the_o very_a brim_n of_o the_o uallie_o stand_v a_o most_o ancient_a city_n ptolomeus_n call_v it_o lucopibia_n antoninus_n luguballia_n the_o britain_n and_o englishman_n term_v it_o caerloyl_v and_o it_o stand_v in_o the_o frontir_v of_o the_o novantes_fw-la not_o far_o from_o this_o city_n as_o malmsburiensis_n report_v there_o be_v a_o stone_n find_v with_o this_o inscription_n in_o token_n of_o marius_n victory_n which_o token_n of_o triumph_n i_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v erect_v by_o meurigus_n who_o some_o of_o the_o roman_n have_v term_v more_o apt_o aruiragus_n othersome_a marius_n in_o token_n that_o the_o redshank_n be_v there_o vanquish_v rodericus_fw-la vanquish_v be_v their_o king_n which_o at_o that_o season_n as_o the_o saxon_n do_v exercise_v piracy_n in_o our_o sea_n until_o at_o length_n one_o part_n of_o they_o settle_v in_o albania_n and_o other_o in_o france_n and_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o these_o country_n together_o with_o gallovidia_fw-la so_o far_o as_o the_o river_n cluda_n unto_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 870_o be_v in_o the_o britain_n possession_n at_o what_o time_n be_v by_o the_o scot_n dane_n and_o englishman_n disquiet_v with_o many_o battle_n and_o in_o the_o end_n their_o king_n constantinus_n slay_v at_o lochmaba_n in_o anandra_n they_o be_v enforce_v to_o return_v into_o wales_n to_o their_o countryman_n and_o drive_v away_o the_o english_a saxon_n forcible_o challenge_v to_o themselves_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o conway_n and_o the_o water_n of_o dee_n which_o they_o possess_v and_o there_o appoint_v a_o kingdom_n which_o of_o the_o river_n cluda_n on_o who_o shore_n they_o dwell_v be_v of_o our_o countryman_n call_v struteluyd_v of_o marianus_n scotus_n corrupt_o streadiylead_v of_o the_o wallane_n they_o have_v many_o conflict_n against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o the_o same_o author_n report_v until_o at_o length_n their_o last_o king_n die_v at_o rome_n they_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o prince_n of_o gwynedh_n this_o marianus_n the_o chief_a historiographer_n of_o his_o time_n one_o of_o late_a have_v cause_v to_o set_v forth_o in_o print_n be_v imperfect_a and_o lack_v the_o better_a part_n of_o set_a purpose_n as_o himself_o confess_v because_o of_o the_o ambiguity_n of_o the_o british_a history_n in_o like_a manner_n sleydan_n while_o he_o turn_v his_o abbridgement_n of_o frossard_n into_o latin_a be_v too_o too_o much_o partial_a to_o the_o frenchman_n either_o overpass_v with_o silence_n the_o most_o noble_a &_o valiant_a deed_n of_o the_o englishman_n or_o vari_v from_o his_o author_n report_v they_o otherwise_o then_o frossard_n have_v write_v wherefore_o i_o seem_v that_o the_o say_v of_o martial_a the_o poet_n very_o well_o agree_v with_o they_o that_o which_o now_o thou_o do_v turn_v oh_o fidentine_n the_o book_n be_v i_o but_o when_o thou_o turn_v he_o ill_o then_o he_o begin_v for_o to_o be_v thou_o but_o this_o much_o by_o the_o way_n the_o last_o of_o the_o northumberlandshyreman_n and_o almost_o of_o all_o lhoëgr_n follow_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o lancashyre_n to_o be_v entreat_v of_o who_o the_o river_n call_v of_o the_o englishman_n merssee_n divide_v from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o march_n march._n of_o who_o the_o kingdom_n of_o march_n in_o england_n be_v so_o call_v it_o be_v soon_o prove_v out_o of_o ptolomaeus_n that_o these_o be_v call_v ordovici_fw-la in_o old_a time_n for_o the_o ordovici_fw-la say_v he_o lie_v more_o south-west_n than_o the_o brigant_n do_v since_o therefore_o that_o yorkeshyre_n be_v the_o kingdom_n of_o brigant_n in_o vain_a with_o boethius_n we_o seek_v they_o in_o scotland_n and_o much_o more_o in_o norfolk_n with_o polydorus_n wherefore_o renounce_v these_o fable_n for_o my_o part_n i_o be_o persuade_v that_o the_o ordovici_fw-la be_v not_o only_o the_o lancas_n hyreman_n but_o also_o the_o devani_n or_o ches_n hyreman_n and_o shrops_n hyreman_n be_v recompt_v of_o tacitus_n for_o a_o great_a city_n in_o this_o city_n place_n i_o call_v a_o city_n as_o caesar_n do_v a_o whole_a convent_n or_o kingdom_n for_o look_v how_o many_o city_n there_o be_v so_o many_o kyngedome_n in_o old_a time_n be_v in_o britain_n which_o several_o wage_a battle_n against_o the_o roman_n be_v all_o the_o soon_o overcummen_v among_o the_o city_n of_o these_o kingdom_n ptolomaeus_n recite_v mediolanun_n call_v now_o lancastre_n lancastre_n mancunium_n as_o appear_v out_o of_o antoninus_n be_v call_v manchestre_n their_o king_n in_o time_n past_a be_v cataracus_n manchester_n who_o fame_n be_v know_v above_o the_o sky_n who_o the_o space_n of_o nine_o continual_a year_n very_o much_o molest_v the_o roman_n with_o war_n at_o length_n be_v take_v by_o treason_n of_o a_o woman_n and_o lead_v to_o rome_n in_o triumph_n and_o claudius_n the_o emperor_n deserve_v no_o less_o praise_n for_o vanquishing_n cataracus_n then_o do_v scipio_n for_o syphax_n or_o lucius_n paulus_n for_o perses_n as_o tacitus_n write_v two_o most_o puissant_a king_n bring_v home_o in_o show_n to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o here_o can_v i_o not_o marvel_v enough_o what_o come_v in_o mind_n to_o that_o boëthius_n not_o the_o trojan_a but_o the_o scot_n for_o alas_o what_o one_o be_v he_o how_o far_o from_o that_o same_o hector_n sore_o he_o change_v be_v that_o in_o achilles_n spoil_n come_v home_o before_o impudent_o to_o affirm_v that_o he_o be_v a_o scot_n see_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o nation_n at_o that_o time_n in_o the_o world_n but_o if_o there_o be_v it_o be_v so_o enfold_v in_o darkness_n that_o it_o be_v unknown_a to_o the_o roman_n and_o britain_n or_o as_o haymo_n armenius_n write_v of_o a_o certain_a nation_n it_o have_v so_o blear_v the_o eye_n of_o all_o people_n and_o country_n that_o the_o scot_n be_v invisible_o conversant_a between_o the_o roman_n and_o britain_n polydorus_n also_o write_v that_o he_o be_v king_n of_o the_o ordulacae_fw-la when_o neither_o tacitus_n nor_o ptolomaeus_n mention_v the_o same_o but_o 12_o of_o the_o ordovici_fw-la and_o tacitus_n report_v that_o he_o be_v not_o only_a governor_n of_o the_o ordovici_fw-la but_o also_o of_o the_o siluri_n which_o siluri_n dwell_v not_o in_o scotland_n siluri_n but_o in_o southwales_n as_o in_o another_o place_n it_o shall_v be_v prove_v more_o plain_o and_o i_o remember_v very_o well_o that_o a_o few_o year_n ago_o when_o i_o be_v in_o the_o frontir_v of_o shrops_n hire_n with_o other_o about_o certain_a business_n of_o my_o lord_n the_o right_a honoble_a earl_n of_o arundel_n where_o some_o part_n of_o his_o inheritance_n lie_v i_o chance_v to_o fall_v into_o the_o view_n of_o a_o place_n exceed_o well_o fortify_a both_o by_o nature_n &_o art_n the_o situation_n whereof_o be_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n environ_v with_o a_o triple_a ditch_n of_o great_a depth_n there_o be_v iij._o gate_n not_o direct_o but_o a_o shoshe_fw-mi the_o one_o against_o the_o other_o and_o on_o three_o side_n steep_v headlong_o place_n and_o compass_v with_o two_o river_n on_o the_o lift_v hand_n with_o colun_n or_o clun_n on_o the_o right_n with_o themis_n which_o our_o countryman_n call_v tevidia_fw-la and_o accessible_a but_o on_o the_o one_o side_n thereof_o these_o thing_n when_o i_o behold_v i_o understand_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o this_o place_n be_v call_v caër_fw-la caradoc_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o city_n caradoc_n and_o that_o there_o have_v be_v many_o fierce_a battle_n fight_v there_o against_o a_o certain_a king_n call_v caradoc_n who_o at_o last_o be_v vanquish_v and_o take_v of_o his_o enemy_n for_o our_o countryman_n caâ—_n not_o only_o wall_v city_n &_o town_n but_o also_o all_o manner_n place_n which_o be_v entrench_v and_o wall_v by_o the_o name_n caër_fw-la as_o i_o will_v prove_v afterward_o by_o
by_o twine_n that_o thou_o do_v send_v to_o brutus_n his_o brood_n a_o labour_n sure_a that_o well_o deserve_v praise_n go_v show_v thyself_o to_o britanist_n who_o glory_n thou_o do_v raise_v finis_fw-la ¶_o lodowick_n lhuyd_v in_o praise_n of_o the_o author_n go_v on_o be_v bold_o thou_o little_a book_n sound_o forth_o thy_o author_n fame_n advance_v the_o travel_n try_v of_o he_o that_o christen_v first_o thy_o name_n thy_o state_n exile_v thy_o age_n unknown_a thy_o line_n that_o long_o be_v lose_v be_v now_o return_v and_o know_v again_o in_o ancient_a britain_n cost_v from_o scythia_n shore_n from_o phrigia_n field_n where_o long_o thyself_o have_v lie_v from_o rage_a rock_n and_o craze_a crag_n thou_o be_v come_v home_o again_o thy_o patron_n grand_a and_o ancient_a sire_n aeneas_n trojan_a stout_a do_v never_o toil_n on_o land_n and_o sea_n as_o thou_o have_v range_v about_o from_o mountain_n high_a whereto_o thyself_o alone_o waste_v wont_a to_o talk_v lhuid_n teach_v thy_o step_n to_o tread_v in_o court_n with_o prince_n wise_a to_o walk_v if_o then_o solinus_n merit_v fame_n that_o caesar_n stirpe_fw-la have_v pen_v the_o same_o aught_o lhuyd_v of_o right_a to_o claim_v that_o brutus_n line_n defend_v if_o curtius_n be_v advauncde_v on_o high_a alexander_n fame_n to_o feed_v then_o well_o aught_o lhuyd_v commend_v be_v to_o honour_n hector_n seed_n what_o praise_n have_v livi_fw-la then_o in_o rome_n or_o herodot_n in_o greece_n that_o praise_n ought_v never_o humphrey_n lhuyd_v in_o native_a soil_n to_o lose_v who_o be_v alive_a can_v argos_n make_v with_o sugar_a talk_n t_o 〈…〉_o e_o and_o now_o be_v dead_a 〈…〉_o t_o argos_n make_v with_o hundred_o eye_n to_o weep_v who_o though_o his_o corpse_n be_v clothe_v in_o clay_n â–ª_o in_o moulder_a dust_n to_o lie_v in_o spite_n of_o parca_n yet_o his_o fame_n do_v scale_v the_o empire_n sky_n and_o though_o that_o age_n out_o live_v youth_n yet_o death_n do_v age_n exile_n though_o fame_n survive_v death_n again_o yet_o time_n do_v fame_n defile_v so_o youth_n to_o age_n and_o age_n to_o death_n and_o death_n to_o fame_n in_o field_n and_o fame_n to_o time_n and_o time_n to_o god_o this_o lhuyd_v know_v well_o to_o yield_v sith_o than_o he_o find_v misenus_n trump_n to_o sound_v again_o the_o fame_n that_o once_o be_v win_v and_o then_o be_v lose_v extol_v each_o one_o his_o name_n and_o give_v he_o then_o his_o due_a desert_n enrol_v his_o noble_a mind_n that_o first_o have_v teach_v his_o countryman_n their_o country_n state_n to_o find_v finis_fw-la laurence_n twine_v to_o his_o brother_n tho._n twine_v in_o praise_n of_o his_o translation_n all_o that_o which_o learn_v lhuyd_v of_o late_a in_o latin_a do_v indite_v of_o britain_n race_n their_o ancient_a state_n their_o guise_n and_o country_n rite_n loe_o now_o in_o english_a tongue_n by_o true_a report_n and_o cunning_n skill_n twine_n have_v set_v forth_o the_o unlearned_a sort_n their_o pleasure_n to_o fulfil_v wherein_o who_o listen_v to_o look_v with_o heed_n straight_o britain_n state_n shall_v know_v and_o wherewithal_o this_o noble_a land_n in_o ancient_a time_n do_v flow_v lhuyd_n pain_n be_v much_o in_o latin_a stile_n which_o write_v the_o same_o before_o but_o brother_n sure_a in_o my_o conceit_n thou_o thank_n deserve_v more_o of_o britain_n and_o of_o british_a soil_n which_o make_v they_o understand_v a_o thing_n more_o meet_a i_o think_v for_o they_o then_o for_o a_o foreign_a land_n wherein_o as_o thou_o by_o toil_n have_v win_v the_o spur_n and_o praise_n get_v so_o reap_v deserve_v thank_n of_o those_o for_o who_o thou_o brak_v the_o knot_n finis_fw-la john_n twine_v to_o the_o reader_n of_o his_o brother_n translation_n as_o they_o of_o all_o most_o praise_n deserve_v that_o first_o with_o pen_n do_v show_v to_o we_o the_o sacred_a law_n of_o god_n whereby_o his_o will_n we_o know_v so_o many_o thank_n be_v due_a to_o those_o that_o beat_v their_o busy_a brain_n to_o let_v we_o learn_v our_o earthly_a state_n in_o which_o we_o here_o remain_v among_o the_o rest_n that_o ever_o write_v none_o have_v of_o we_o deserve_v like_o praise_n to_o lhuyd_v who_o lo_o his_o foil_n have_v here_o to_o we_o prefer_v wherein_o thou_o may_v the_o whole_a estate_n of_o this_o our_o native_a land_n what_o so_o be_v worthy_a to_o be_v know_v by_o read_v understand_v and_o cause_n the_o author_n wroate_fw-mi the_o same_o in_o tongue_n enstrangd_v to_o some_o twine_n have_v it_o teach_v the_o english_a phrase_n in_o which_o it_o erst_o be_v dumb_a accept_v it_o well_o and_o when_o thou_o read_v if_o ought_v thereby_o thou_o gain_v for_o recompense_n yield_v thy_o good_a will_n to_o he_o that_o take_v the_o pain_n finis_fw-la a_o table_n contain_v the_o principal_a matter_n entreat_v of_o in_o this_o book_n large_o digest_v into_o the_o alphabetical_a order_fw-fr as_o follow_v aestiones_n fo._n 52_o albania_n whence_o so_o call_v 49_o describe_v 47._o albion_n why_o so_o term_v 4_o anglysey_n in_o wales_n 57_o animosity_n of_o britain_n 62._o their_o ancient_a manner_n 61_o arfon_n 64_o aron_n martyr_n where_o bury_v 82_o attacotti_n inhabitor_n of_o albania_n of_o scottish_a original_a 45_o augustine_n the_o monk_n 13._o his_o intolerable_a arrogancy_n 71_o b_o bardi_n 7_o bath_n how_o of_o old_a time_n term_v 18_o bedfordshyremen_n 24_o benbroche_o 78_o bernhard_n of_o newmercate_n 83_o bernicia_n 28_o boadicia_n or_o bunduica_n a_o valiant_a queâ—â—_n 85._o 89_o bodotua_n 48_o boëthius_n reprove_v 21._o 24._o 33._o 38._o 49._o 81._o bogwelth_n or_o buellt_n 83_o brecknock_n 83._o by_o what_o englishman_n first_o subdue_v ibidem_fw-la brennus_n who_o son_n and_o brother_n 53_o why_o he_o slay_v himself_o 54._o what_o language_n his_o soldier_n use_v 54._o his_o court_n or_o palace_n 72._o be_v a_o perfect_a britain_n 53_o brenni_n where_o they_o dwell_v 55_o brigant_n be_v never_o in_o scotland_n 30._o their_o city_n name_n 29_o britain_n why_o so_o name_v 8._o how_o divide_v ibid._n the_o etymology_n thereof_o 8_o britain_n the_o less_o or_o the_o second_o 35_o britain_n the_o first_o second_o three_o and_o four_o 35_o britain_n how_o they_o celebrate_v easter_n 67._o their_o ualiencie_n 69_o british_a name_n corrupt_v by_o the_o romans_z 5_o briton_n nigh_o france_n 10_o brustius_n cruelty_n 83._o his_o miserable_a death_n ibidem_fw-la bristol_n 18_o buckynghamshiremen_n 24_o c_o cadevenna_n 73_o caesar_n what_o he_o term_v a_o city_n 32_o caerbro_n castle_n in_o the_o wight_n 17_o caer_n andr_v by_o who_o overthrow_v 15_o caerlile_n 47_o calais_n 14_o cambria_n why_o so_o call_v 49_o cambra_n 53_o cambridge_n 23_o camalodunum_n 21_o camudolanum_n ibidem_fw-la cangorum_fw-la where_o it_o stand_v 66_o cantimanduas_fw-la treason_n 34_o cantorbury_n why_o so_o call_v 15._o metropolitan_a of_o england_n and_o wales_n ibid._n caradoc_n describe_v 33_o cardigan_n 75_o castle_n of_o clun_n 34_o castle_n of_o dover_n 14_o castle_n of_o emlyn_n 79_o castle_n of_o lion._n 70_o cataracus_n where_o he_o â—aught_v with_o ostorius_n 34_o catguilia_n 79_o ceretica_n describe_v 75._o 79_o chepstow_n 81_o chester_n 27_o chichester_n 16_o cicester_n 19_o city_n of_o legion_n 82_o city_n of_o brigant_n 29_o clun_n castle_n 24_o commendation_n of_o the_o bath_n at_o bath_n 18_o conovia_n by_o who_o build_v 65_o cornish_n &_o welshmen_n one_o nation_n 18_o cornwall_n 17_o crneltie_n of_o brustius_n 83_o cumberland_n by_o who_o in_o old_a time_n in_o habit_v 30_o cymbri_n 15_o d_o danes_n come_v in_o 13_o danica_n sylva_n 74_o dannij_fw-la 30_o david_n how_o term_v in_o british_a 77._o translate_v the_o bishopric_n to_o meneve_v ib._n death_n of_o brennus_n 54_o death_n of_o brustius_n 83_o deheubarth_n 74._o why_o worse_o than_o gwynedh_n 75_o deera_o in_o old_a time_n call_v brigantia_n 30._o 28_o demetia_n 77_o denbigh_n 66._o describe_v ibidem_fw-la devani_n 26._o how_o call_v of_o old_a by_o the_o rom._n ibi_fw-la description_n of_o albania_n 47_o description_n of_o cambria_n 49_o description_n of_o caradoc_n city_n 35_o description_n of_o ceretica_n 75._o 79._o description_n of_o denbygh_a 66._o description_n of_o tegenia_n or_o igenia_n 68_o description_n of_o wales_n 62_o division_n of_o britain_n 9_o division_n of_o england_n 12_o division_n of_o wales_n 62_o division_n of_o venodotia_n 64_o division_n be_v dangerous_a 93_o dorchester_n 24_o doruentani_fw-la why_o so_o call_v 27_o dover_n 14_o dover_n castle_n by_o who_o build_v 14_o druid_n 42_o dunetus_n abbot_n 71_o dunwallon_n forsake_v his_o kingdom_n 68_o diverse_a king_n possessâ—_n diverse_a part_n of_o wales_n 63_o e_o edward_n the_o first_o enter_v wales_n 58_o edinburgh_n by_o who_o build_v 48_o egbert_n first_o monarch_n of_o lohëgr_n 19_o eluyl_n 74_o elbodius_n archbishop_n of_o north-wales_n 67_o emlyn_n castle_n 79_o england_n divide_v 12._o by_o who_o first_o so_o call_v
divide_v it_o into_o many_o kingdom_n namely_o kent_n the_o south_n saxon_n the_o westsaxons_n the_o eastsaxons_n east_n englishmen_n the_o kingdom_n of_o march_n who_o lazius_n a_o man_n very_o well_o learned_a and_o well_o deserve_v of_o posterity_n in_o vain_a seek_v for_o in_o germany_n suppose_v the_o history_n of_o bede_n to_o be_v write_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o germany_n and_o not_o of_o england_n and_o northumberland_n which_o be_v also_o divide_v into_o twain_o bernicia_n and_o deira_n who_o king_n be_v pagan_n destroy_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n all_o church_n monastery_n and_o library_n and_o after_o that_o they_o have_v receive_v christianity_n by_o augustine_n the_o monk_n monk_n they_o fight_v many_o battle_n both_o among_o themselves_o and_o against_o the_o britain_n until_o that_o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o egbert_n lord_n 620._o egbert_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n be_v make_v monarch_n of_o all_o begin_v to_o rule_v alone_o and_o first_o of_o all_o command_v that_o the_o country_n shall_v be_v call_v england_n and_o the_o people_n englishmen_n englishmen_n be_v a_o very_a famous_a people_n of_o germany_n whereof_o the_o captain_n and_o chief_n of_o saxony_n as_o crantzius_n report_v be_v long_o time_n call_v captain_n of_o anglaria_n and_o there_o remain_v yet_o as_o i_o have_v read_v a_o castle_n where_o they_o sometime_o abode_n term_v now_o engern_n in_o the_o frontier_n of_o westphalia_n between_o osnabrugh_n and_o heruordia_n whereby_o it_o come_v that_o our_o countryman_n retain_v the_o first_o name_n do_v call_v all_o englishman_n saison_n and_o their_o tongue_n saissonaëg_n and_o know_v not_o what_o this_o word_n england_n or_o a_o englishman_n mean_v short_o after_o the_o dane_n over_o come_v the_o englishman_n &_o possess_v this_o land_n until_o the_o year_n of_o the_o incarnate_a bastard_n word_n 1066_o william_n bastard_n of_o normandy_n with_o his_o normans_n vanquishing_n both_o englishman_n and_o dane_n usurp_v the_o country_n from_o which_o stock_n almost_o the_o whole_a nobility_n of_o this_o realm_n unto_o this_o day_n do_v fetch_v their_o descent_n but_o let_v we_o return_v to_o lhoëgr_n which_o lhoëgr_n in_o time_n past_a be_v environ_v with_o the_o british_a ocean_n the_o river_n of_o severne_n dee_n and_o humber_n but_o now_o since_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n stretchefoorth_o beyond_o humber_n to_o twede_v we_o will_v also_o stretch_v forth_o the_o name_n of_o lhoëgr_n so_o far_o and_o although_o the_o englishman_n do_v possess_v beyond_o severn_n hereford_n shire_n the_o forest_n of_o deane_n and_o many_o other_o place_n yet_o we_o hold_v that_o they_o dwell_v in_o wales_n not_o in_o lhëogr_n and_o be_v take_v almost_o every_o where_o of_o all_o other_o englishman_n for_o welshman_n but_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi be_v account_v at_o this_o day_n one_o of_o the_o ancient_a bond_n save_v that_o in_o certain_a place_n both_o the_o people_n &_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n have_v encroach_v more_o into_o england_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o presuppose_v let_v we_o now_o descend_v to_o the_o particulared_a escription_n of_o lhoëgr_n or_o england_n in_o which_o the_o country_n call_v cantium_n of_o the_o roman_n of_o our_o countryman_n caint_v of_o englishmen_n kent_n come_v kent_n first_o unto_o our_o view_n from_o whence_o there_o be_v but_o a_o narrow_a cut_v over_o into_o france_n to_o the_o haven_n gessoriacus_n which_o be_v now_o term_v bollen_a as_o s._n rhenanus_fw-la gather_v out_o of_o the_o ancient_a chart_n of_o warly_a description_n and_o not_o only_a marcellinus_n amongst_o the_o old_a writer_n speak_v of_o the_o sea_n town_n of_o bollen_a in_o the_o life_n of_o julian_n the_o emperor_n but_o also_o in_o his_o panegiricus_n call_v constantinus_n the_o son_n of_o constantius_n these_o be_v find_v constantinus_n the_o father_n be_v make_v emperor_n at_o his_o first_o come_n with_o a_o innumerable_a fleet_n of_o enemy_n pen_v out_o the_o fierce_a ocean_n &_o environ_v army_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o town_n bollen_a etc_n etc_n coenalis_n affirm_v the_o haven_n gessoriacus_n be_v caslete_a of_o flanders_n which_o town_n stand_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n fourteen_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n sufficient_o declare_v the_o author_n unskilfulness_n and_o i_o take_v iccius_n to_o be_v the_o same_o haven_n which_o now_o they_o term_v caletum_n for_o calitium_fw-la calais_n but_o i_o can_v agree_v calais_n with_o those_o which_o make_v selusas_fw-la of_o flaunders_n to_o be_v iccius_n be_v unlike_a that_o the_o roman_n will_v have_v use_v so_o long_o a_o course_n by_o sea_n when_o they_o may_v have_v pass_v over_o soon_o &_o more_o commedious_o from_o that_o place_n there_o be_v in_o kent_n in_o old_a time_n three_o famous_a port_n well_o know_v to_o the_o roman_n doris_n rhutupis_n and_o lemanis_n doris_n undoubted_o be_v the_o same_o which_o both_o englishman_n and_o britain_n reserve_v the_o ancient_a name_n at_o this_o day_n do_v call_v dover_n for_o we_o call_v water_n dover_n dour_a or_o duúr_n and_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o the_o dovarians_n stout_o defend_v that_o their_o town_n heretofore_o be_v call_v rutupium_n and_o that_o aruiragus_n king_n of_o britain_n build_v there_o a_o noble_a castle_n yet_o i_o have_v rather_o give_v credit_n to_o antoninus_n who_o speak_v of_o both_o and_o i_o suppose_v that_o to_o be_v rutupium_n which_o of_o the_o englishman_n be_v call_v repcestre_n nigh_o sandwiche_n not_o far_o from_o the_o isle_n of_o thanat_n for_o that_o i_o land_n we_o call_v thanat_n ynys_n rhuochym_n as_o much_o to_o say_v rutupina_n whereof_o the_o shore_n deserve_v to_o be_v term_v rutupinum_n and_o the_o porte_fw-fr rutupis_n lemanis_n or_o as_o some_o call_v it_o linienus_fw-la be_v that_o river_n which_o be_v now_o call_v amongst_o the_o englishman_n rotler_n rotler_n and_o flow_v into_o the_o ocean_n sea_n nigh_o apuldore_v moreover_o beside_o sea_n these_o famous_a port_n be_v rye_n and_o wynchelsea_n two_o town_n &_o far_a within_o the_o main_n land_n durobrevis_fw-la and_o durovernum_fw-la the_o same_o englishman_n do_v call_v cantorbury_n that_o be_v to_o say_v cantorburie_n the_o court_n of_o the_o kentyshman_n and_o with_o we_o caërgant_n and_o be_v chief_a metropolitant_a sea_n of_o all_o england_n and_o wales_n the_o tother_o be_v term_v rofcester_n but_o antoninus_n place_v vagniacum_n between_o london_n and_o dorovernum_fw-la &_o between_o that_o and_o durovernum_fw-la durolernum_fw-la but_o what_o name_v they_o have_v at_o this_o day_n i_o be_o not_o altogether_o ignorant_a howbeit_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o these_o town_n take_v their_o name_n of_o water_n which_o be_v duur_n in_o british_a and_o duriverne_v amongst_o we_o plain_o signify_v water_n which_o flow_v out_o of_o a_o place_n where_o alder_n grow_v whereby_o i_o be_o persuade_v that_o the_o same_o town_n in_o time_n pass_v thereof_o obtain_v his_o name_n but_o before_o i_o depart_v forth_o of_o kent_n i_o must_v brief_o touch_v that_o great_a will_v whereof_o both_o british_a and_o english_a writer_n have_v speak_v the_o britain_n call_v it_o coëd_v andr_v but_o the_o englishman_n andedreswald_n and_o huntingdon_n affirm_v that_o it_o contain_v in_o length_n one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n thirty_o mile_n and_o that_o the_o worthy_a city_n call_v caër_fw-la andr_v and_o andredecester_n stand_v therein_o which_o dalla_n king_n of_o the_o southsaxons_n utter_o overthrow_v so_o that_o there_o remain_v no_o token_n nor_o rubbish_n thereof_o the_o kentishman_n and_o southsaxons_n to_o this_o day_n do_v call_v a_o place_n where_o wood_n have_v be_v walden_n walden_n not_o know_v for_o all_o that_o whence_o the_o word_n be_v derive_v when_o other_o but_o false_o call_v it_o welden_v other_o wylden_n for_o the_o english_a saxon_n call_v a_o wood_n walden_n as_o the_o german_n do_v now_o term_v a_o plain_n without_o tree_n wolden_a as_o in_o these_o word_n cottiswolden_a and_o pork_n will_v it_o appear_v next_o unto_o the_o kentishman_n on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o thames_n be_v those_o which_o in_o time_n past_a be_v the_o second_o kingdom_n of_o southsaxson_n and_o be_v term_v southsaxon_n but_o be_v now_o divide_v into_o two_o shire_n southsex_n and_o southtrey_n and_o i_o be_o of_o belief_n that_o neomaguin_n be_v their_o city_n where_o chichester_n gylford_n now_o stand_v chichester_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o southsaxons_n be_v call_v caërceri_fw-la in_o british_a after_o these_o come_v the_o atrabates_n which_o now_o be_v call_v the_o people_n of_o barkshyre_n who_o principal_a city_n in_o old_a time_n be_v call_v walingford_n caleva_n but_o now_o walyngford_n wherein_o i_o can_v consent_v to_o those_o which_o call_v oxford_n caleva_n stand_v on_o the_o north_n shore_n of_o the_o thames_n there_o be_v also_o a_o village_n name_v cilcester_n not_o far_o from_o basinge_v which_o before_o time_n be_v call_v caërsegent_n and_o segontium_n of_o
13_z englishman_n whence_o descend_v 12_o earl_n of_o glocestre_n 58_o etymology_n of_o britain_n 8_o etymology_n of_o gaulle_a 56_o euboniae_fw-la 49_o example_n of_o god_n judgement_n 69_o exeter_n 17_o fletcher_n family_n of_o stuarts_n in_o scotland_n 34_o family_n of_o gray_n in_o england_n 67_o family_n of_o fitzalane_n 72_o flavia_n 35_o flemmyng_n drive_v out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n what_o place_n they_o possess_v 57_o flint_n town_n 69_o forest_n of_o deane_n 74_o franci_n whence_o suppose_v to_o have_v spring_v 53._o france_n bound_v 56_o g_o gadini_n 47_o gloucester_n by_o who_o build_v 19_o golden_a number_a confute_v &_o reject_v 68_o gwynedh_n 58._o whence_o the_o king_n thereof_o so_o call_v 64_o grancestre_n 23_o gyldas_n reprove_v 93_o gyldo_n 42_o gylford_n 16_o gyllus_n usurper_n 42_o h_o hamo_fw-la with_o he_o twelve_o knight_n 80_o haste_v 93_o hebrides_n 49_o hengiscus_fw-la send_v against_o the_o scot_n and_o redshank_n 12_o henry_n the_o second_o vanquish_v 92_o henry_n the_o four_o 59_o henry_n the_o seven_o ib._n henry_n the_o eight_o 60_o henry_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n build_v a_o castle_n 66_o herald_n last_o king_n of_o danish_a blood_n 25_o hereford_n where_o it_o lie_v 74_o her_v take_v 65_o hibernenses_n afterward_o call_v scot_n 44_o hierome_n russelle_n reprove_v 28_o hierhaut_n and_o hierhautrye_n by_o welsh_a man_n diligent_o retain_v 7_o holt._n 70_o hopa_n 72_o how_o many_o city_n so_o many_o kingdom_n in_o britain_n 32_o huntingtonshire_n â—4_o i_o iceni_n what_o region_n they_o inhabit_v 23_o idiom_n or_o propriety_n of_o the_o british_a tongue_n 3_o jernaei_fw-la 4_o land_n about_o anglysea_n 64_o ilcestre_n 18_o irishman_n call_v afterward_o scots_n 44_o irland_n 49._o by_o who_o first_o endue_v with_o christianity_n 63_o julius_n the_o martyr_n where_o bury_v 82_o king_n kennethus_n king_n of_o scot_n 38_o kent_n 14_o kynton_n 74_o king_n of_o england_n elder_a son_n prince_n of_o wales_n 59_o king_n arthur_n 91_o king_n of_o powy_n why_o swallow_v into_o the_o earth_n 69_o l_o lancashyremen_n how_o term_v of_o old_a 32_o landas_n where_o it_o stand_v 80_o landonia_n 47._o of_o the_o redshank_n how_o call_v 48_o lhanydlos_n 73_o lasciviousness_n of_o the_o scot_n 43_o latitude_n of_o wales_n 57_o legion_n city_n site_n describe_v 82_o lemster_n 74_o letter_n of_o the_o britain_n their_o order_fw-fr form_n and_o pronunciation_n 1._o leycestershyremen_n 25_o lyncolnshyremen_n 24_o london_n by_o who_o build_v amplefy_v the_o name_n thereof_o 19_o a_o colony_n of_o the_o roman_n 20_o longitude_n of_o wales_n 56_o lucopibia_n how_o term_v and_o where_o it_o stand_v 30_o ludlaw_n 74._o lychfyeld_v 25_o m._n meatae_fw-la 48_o mà ilor_n divide_v 70_o malmsbury_n 19_o maluernhilles_n 74_o manchester_n 32_o mandubratius_n send_v for_o caesar_n into_o britain_n 19_o march_n a_o kingdom_n of_o england_n 27._o 32_o author_n who_o name_n and_o work_v be_v cite_v in_o this_o book_n ammianus_n annius_n antoninus_n appianus_n aristoteles_n athenaeus_n aurelius_n victor_n beatus_fw-la rhenanus_fw-la beda_n boëthius_n berosus_n caesar._n capgrave_n claudianus_n crantzius_n diodorus_n siculus_n dion_n eliote_n eutropius_n frossartus_fw-la giambularius_fw-la gothus_n gyldas_n gyraldus_n haymo_fw-la armenius_n hieronomus_n hierono_fw-it russellus_fw-la herodianus_n huntingtonensis_n iwenalis_n lampridius_n lazius_n lelandus_n lucanus_n maior_n mamertinus_n malmsburiensis_n marcellinus_n marianus_n scotus_n marius_n niger_n mela._n meyerus_n orosius_n panuinius_fw-la parisiensis_fw-la paulus_n diaconus_fw-la pausanias_n plinius_n plutarch_n polybius_n polydorus_n postellus_n ptolomaeus_n sextus_n rufus_n sidonius_n apollinaris_n spartianus_n solinus_n suetonius_n sigisbertus_n tacitus_n regino_n rhicuallensis_fw-la robertus_fw-la coenalis_n virgilius_n virunnius_n volateranus_fw-la vopiscus_n wilhelmus_fw-la paruus_fw-la the_o epistle_n of_o the_o author_n to_o the_o most_o adorn_v and_o best_a deserve_v to_o be_v reveren_n ce_z of_o all_o that_o love_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o mathematics_n abraham_n ortelius_n of_o andwarp_z dear_o belove_a ortelius_n that_o day_n wherein_o i_o be_v constayned_a to_o depart_v from_o london_n i_o receive_v your_o description_n of_o asia_n add_v before_o i_o come_v home_o to_o my_o house_n i_o fall_v into_o a_o very_a perilous_a fever_n which_o have_v so_o tear_v this_o poor_a body_n of_o i_o these_o x._o continual_a day_n that_o i_o be_v bring_v into_o despair_n of_o my_o life_n but_o my_o hope_n jesus_n christ_n be_v lay_v up_o in_o my_o bosom_n howbeit_o neither_o the_o daily_a shake_n of_o the_o continual_a fever_n with_o a_o double_a tertian_n neither_o the_o look_v for_o present_a death_n neither_o the_o vehement_a headache_n without_o intermission_n can_v put_v the_o remembrance_n of_o my_o ortelius_n out_o of_o my_o trouble_a brain_n wherefore_o i_o send_v unto_o you_o my_o wales_n not_o beutiful_o set_v forth_o in_o all_o point_n yet_o true_o depeint_v so_o be_v that_o certain_a note_n be_v observe_v which_o i_o gather_v even_o when_o i_o be_v ready_a to_o die_v you_o shall_v also_o receive_v the_o description_n of_o england_n set_v forth_o as_o well_o with_o the_o ancient_a name_n as_o those_o which_o be_v now_o use_v and_o a_o other_o england_n also_o draw_v forth_o perfect_o enough_o beside_o certain_a fragment_n write_v with_o my_o own_o hand_n which_o notwithstanding_o that_o they_o be_v write_v forth_o in_o a_o rude_a hand_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v imperfect_a yet_o doubt_v not_o they_o be_v well_o ground_v by_o proof_n and_o authority_n of_o ancient_a writer_n which_o also_o if_o god_n have_v spare_v i_o life_n you_o shall_v have_v receive_v in_o better_a order_n and_o in_o all_o respect_n perfect_a take_v therefore_o this_o last_o remembrance_n of_o thy_o humphrey_n and_o for_o ever_o adieu_n my_o dear_a friend_n ortelius_n from_o denbigh_n in_o gwynedh_n or_o north-wales_n the._n thirty_o of_o august_n 1568._o you_o both_o live_n and_o die_v humphrey_n lhuyd_v ¶_o the_o breviary_n of_o britain_n etc_n etc_n for_o so_o much_o as_o â–ª_o in_o my_o last_o letter_n which_o i_o write_v unto_o you_o right_a learned_a sir_n in_o the_o which_o i_o promise_v within_o few_o day_n after_o to_o send_v you_o the_o geographical_a description_n of_o all_o britain_n set_v forth_o with_o the_o most_o ancient_a name_n as_o well_o latin_a as_o brittysh_v wherein_o i_o must_v much_o disagree_v from_o the_o opinion_n of_o learned_a man_n i_o think_v it_o expedient_a first_o in_o a_o few_o word_n to_o disclose_v effect_n of_o my_o purpose_n to_o all_o &_o by_o what_o argument_n and_o aucthoryty_n of_o the_o learned_a i_o be_o move_v partly_o to_o change_v &_o partly_o to_o ascribe_v unto_o other_o otherwise_o then_o those_o which_o write_v before_o i_o have_v do_v the_o name_n of_o country_n town_n river_n &_o other_o place_n which_o before_o i_o take_v in_o hand_n to_o do_v i_o purpose_v to_o entreat_v a_o little_a of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o british_a tongue_n of_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o letter_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o pronounce_v the_o same_o whereby_o the_o true_a name_n both_o of_o the_o whole_a island_n and_o of_o many_o place_n therein_o may_v be_v manifest_a the_o ignorance_n of_o which_o tongue_n have_v drive_v many_o notable_a man_n to_o such_o shift_n that_o endevor_v to_o wind_v themselves_o out_o of_o one_o they_o have_v fall_v into_o many_o more_o and_o those_o more_o grosser_n error_n the_o order_fw-fr and_o signification_n of_o the_o letter_n letter_n be_v this_o as_o follow_v a._n b._n d._n e._n h._n l._n m._n n._n o._n p._n r._n s._n t._n they_o have_v the_o very_a same_o pronounciation_n in_o the_o british_a tongue_n which_o they_o have_v in_o the_o latin_a well_o pronounce_v c._n and._n g._n have_v the_o same_o force_n and_o signification_n be_v place_v before_o all_o the_o uowelle_n that_o they_o have_v before_o a._n and_o oh_o in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n ch._n express_v the_o nature_n of_o χ._fw-mi call_v chi_fw-mi among_o the_o grecian_n and_o have_v no_o affinity_n with_o the_o pronounciation_n in_o french_a or_o english_a of_o the_o same_o aspiration_n but_o be_v sound_v in_o the_o throat_n like_a ch_z in_o the_o hebrew_n double_v dd_n as_o it_o be_v common_o write_v amongst_o our_o country_n man_n or_o amongst_o the_o learned_a after_o this_o manner_n dh_o be_v pronounce_v like_o the_o greek_a delta_n or_o like_o the_o hebrew_n dale_z without_o dagas_fw-la we_o use_v fletcher_n always_o for_o five_o when_o it_o be_v a_o consonant_n as_o lhanfair_n be_v in_o read_v call_v lhanuair_n for_o five_o be_v always_o a_o vowel_n in_o steed_n of_o the_o latin_a fletcher_n we_o use_v ph_n or_o ff._n we_o make_v i_o continual_o a_o vowel_n as_o the_o greek_n do_v and_o be_v pronounce_v as_o the_o italian_a ay_o or_o rather_o as_o as_o the_o barbarous_a &_o unlearned_a priest_n in_o time_n past_o sound_v e._n we_o have_v also_o a_o peculiar_a letter_n to_o ourselves_o which_o the_o rude_a sort_n fashion_n
the_o roman_n antoninus_n also_o mention_v pontium_fw-la which_o appear_v now_o to_o be_v call_v neubery_n read_v thantique_a name_n of_o spinae_n which_o signify_v thornes_z continue_v to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o one_o side_n of_o neubery_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o new_a court_n from_o whence_o a_o good_a way_n of_o upon_o the_o river_n cunetio_n stand_v a_o famous_a city_n call_v cunetio_n by_o the_o roman_n but_o marlborow_n now_o marlborow_n between_o these_o and_o the_o sea_n lie_v the_o simeni_n who_o metropolitan_a or_o chief_n city_n be_v venta_n which_o in_o fore_a time_n be_v a_o city_n of_o great_a renown_n and_o of_o the_o britain_n call_v caërwynt_n wynchester_n of_o the_o englishmen_n wynchester_n and_o at_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v the_o great_a port_n call_v now_o portesmouth_n at_o who_o wight_n mouth_n there_o stand_v a_o city_n call_v of_o old_a caërperis_n but_o now_o portchester_n also_o tris_n antonis_n a_o haven_n now_o south_n hampton_n retain_v the_o old_a name_n over_o against_o these_o lie_v the_o i_o will_v of_o wight_n celebrate_v by_o the_o ancient_a roman_a writer_n and_o first_o subdue_v by_o vespasian_n the_o same_o be_v in_o length_n xx_o mile_n and._n x._o in_o breadth_n in_o form_n like_o to_o a_o egg_n in_o some_o place_n seven_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o main_n shore_n and_o in_o other_o but_o twain_o it_o have_v very_o rough_a and_o craggy_a cliff_n it_o be_v very_o plentiful_a of_o corne._n the_o chief_a and_o only_a market_n town_n of_o all_o the_o island_n be_v newport_n there_o be_v also_o a_o castle_n call_v newport_n caërbro_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o tract_n for_o castle_n net_n express_v the_o british_a antiquity_n the_o westsaxons_n when_o they_o have_v drive_v away_o the_o britain_n add_v the_o same_o to_o their_o dominion_n until_o cadwalla_n a_o britain_n have_v slay_v aruald_a recover_v it_o to_o himself_o englishman_n call_v it_o the_o wight_n britain_n term_v it_o gwydh_n which_o in_o our_o tongue_n signify_v perspicuous_a or_o easy_a to_o be_v see_v as_o gwydhgruc_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o perspicuous_a heap_n gwydhfa_n a_o perspicuous_a place_n by_o which_o term_n the_o most_o high_a mountain_n of_o all_o britain_n in_o carnaruanshyre_n be_v call_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n be_v wont_v to_o glory_n that_o their_o country_n be_v destitute_a of_o three_o great_a discommodity_n that_o be_v find_v in_o other_o country_n to_o wit_n fox_n beg_a friar_n and_o lawyer_n they_o be_v under_o the_o precinct_n and_o diocese_n of_o southampton_n by_o the_o same_o sea_n shore_n along_o follow_v the_o severiani_n call_v now_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o wylshyre_n who_o chief_a city_n be_v caërseverus_fw-la call_v also_o caër_fw-la câ—radoc_n and_o now_o by_o englishmen_n sarysbury_n sarisbury_n betwixt_o these_o be_v s._n ambrose_n hill_n celebrate_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o slaughter_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o britain_n there_o commit_v also_o shaft_n bury_v know_v of_o old_a to_o the_o britain_n by_o the_o name_n of_o caërbaladin_n and_o caërsepton_n at_o the_o westside_n of_o thâ—se_a lie_n the_o durotriges_n call_v of_o we_o durugueir_n of_o the_o englishman_n dorsetshyre_n man_n from_o whence_o more_o westerly_a be_v the_o damnonij_fw-la we_o call_v they_o at_o this_o day_n dyfynnaint_v which_o signify_v deep_a &_o narrow_a valley_n &_o not_o of_o the_o dane_n as_o some_o affirm_v these_o be_v call_v in_o english_a devonshyreman_n and_o they_o lie_v between_o two_o sea_n the_o severn_n and_o the_o british_a ocean_n their_o principal_a city_n be_v isca_n call_v also_o augusta_n before_o time_n caërwisk_n of_o the_o water_n pass_v by_o but_o now_o of_o the_o englishman_n excestre_n excester_n howbeit_o i_o know_v well_o enough_o that_o some_o affirm_v that_o before_o it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o old_a britain_n penuchelgoëd_n last_o of_o all_o come_v cornavia_n of_o the_o cornwall_n inhabitant_n and_o our_o countryman_n call_v cernico_fw-la of_o englishmen_n cornwall_n here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o saxon_n do_v thrâ—st_v the_o relic_n of_o the_o ancient_a britain_n into_o those_o straight_n who_o because_o they_o use_v the_o british_a tongue_n which_o the_o saxon_n understand_v not_o they_o term_v they_o cornwalas_n that_o be_v to_o say_v welshman_n of_o cornavia_n or_o cornwall_n as_o they_o call_v also_o our_o countryman_n welsh_a britain_n after_o the_o german_a guise_n this_o be_v the_o true_a etymology_n or_o cause_n of_o the_o name_n and_o farewell_n to_o they_o which_o please_a themselves_o in_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o name_n do_v call_v it_o cornu_fw-la galliae_fw-la to_o say_v a_o horn_n of_o france_n wherein_o polydorus_n as_o in_o other_o thing_n also_o utter_v his_o ignorance_n as_o for_o my_o opinion_n very_o ancient_a book_n do_v confirm_v it_o write_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n and_o the_o name_n also_o whereby_o those_o which_o inhabit_v the_o country_n do_v usual_o call_v it_o they_o speak_v the_o british_a language_n &_o all_o their_o word_n almost_o be_v find_v like_o unto_o we_o but_o that_o they_o differ_v sumdeale_o in_o construction_n of_o speech_n the_o promontory_n of_o cornavia_n now_o cornwall_n be_v famous_a amongst_o our_o countryman_n common_o call_v penrhyngwaed_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o promontory_n of_o blood_n which_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v call_v of_o ptolomaeus_n antivestaeum_fw-la beyond_o the_o damnonij_n or_o devonshire_n man_n nigh_o the_o course_n of_o severn_n lie_v sometime_o the_o region_n of_o murotriges_n we_o call_v it_o guladyr_n haf_n englishmen_n somersetshyre_n where_o be_v many_o notable_a ancient_a place_n see_v as_o the_o mount_n of_o caërmalet_n otherwise_o call_v camalet_n there_o stand_v also_o iscalis_n now_o ilcester_n ilcester_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o auolonia_n who_o city_n be_v venta_n now_o brystow_n but_o in_o antique_a time_n the_o britain_n call_v it_o caër_fw-la other_o yn_n nant_n badon_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o city_n odera_fw-mi in_o the_o valley_n of_o badon_n another_o town_n of_o the_o belgae_n with_o ptolomaeus_n aquae_n calidae_n that_o be_v of_o hot_a water_n with_o antoninus_n aquae_fw-la solis_fw-la of_o water_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o britain_n call_v it_o bath_n caërbadon_n the_o englishman_n bath_n and_o be_v very_o renown_a for_o wholesome_a bath_n bath_n of_o hot_a water_n of_o which_o thing_n i_o be_o a_o most_o certain_a witness_n for_o when_o as_o by_o the_o stroke_n of_o a_o horse_n which_o i_o have_v catch_v at_o milan_n in_o italy_n i_o be_v grievous_o pain_v with_o the_o sciatica_n continual_o the_o space_n of_o one_o whole_a year_n and_o have_v assay_v the_o help_n of_o many_o excellent_o learned_a physician_n be_v nothing_o the_o better_o i_o use_v these_o bath_n but_o only_o six_o day_n and_o be_v restore_v to_o my_o former_a health_n between_o these_o and_o the_o thames_n head_n be_v the_o dobuni_n now_o claudiani_n who_o chief_a town_n in_o old_a time_n be_v call_v corinium_n of_o the_o britain_n caër_fw-la cory_n the_o english_a gloucester_n man_n now_o term_v it_o cycestre_n and_o claudia_n common_o call_v gloucester_n a_o famous_a city_n stand_v upon_o severn_n the_o head_n of_o all_o the_o shire_n i_o suppose_v not_o to_o have_v be_v know_v to_o the_o roman_n but_o be_v afterward_o as_o gyldas_n report_v build_v by_o glovy_n a_o britain_n who_o after_o that_o the_o roman_n be_v drive_v thence_o reign_v there_o and_o not_o so_o name_v by_o claudius_n caesar_n as_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o same_o shire_n also_o stand_v malmesbury_n call_v before_o time_n malmsbury_n caërbladhon_n these_o shire_n do_v make_v the_o three_o kingdom_n of_o saxon_n in_o britain_n which_o they_o call_v westsaxons_n who_o king_n be_v egbert_n who_o egbert_n have_v subdue_v all_o the_o other_o first_o of_o the_o german_n obtain_v the_o monarchy_n of_o lhoëgr_n thus_o have_v describe_v the_o country_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o thames_n let_v we_o now_o come_v to_o the_o other_o in_o order_fw-fr and_o first_o over_o against_o kent_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o thames_n lie_v the_o trinovante_n who_o prince_n be_v mandubratius_n tius_fw-la or_o as_o other_o write_v androgorius_n our_o countryman_n call_v he_o audâ—wy_a the_o same_o send_v for_o caesar_n into_o britain_n and_o when_o he_o be_v come_v assist_v he_o with_o his_o power_n and_o follow_v he_o into_o italy_n and_o thessaly_n their_o chief_a city_n london_n be_v build_v by_o brutus_n and_o be_v call_v troynewith_n that_o be_v to_o say_v new_a troy_n howbeit_o there_o be_v some_o which_o call_v it_o trenovantum_fw-la because_o three_fw-mi signify_v in_o british_a a_o town_n but_o afterward_o it_o be_v call_v of_o belus_n which_o dwell_v there_o dinas_n beli_n that_o be_v to_o say_v belinus_n palace_n or_o court_n last_o of_o all_o of_o lud_n brother_n to_o caswallane_n which_o wonderful_o adorn_v it_o with_o beautiful_a
building_n it_o begin_v to_o be_v call_v caërludd_n and_o lhundain_n that_o be_v to_o say_v lud_n city_n and_o also_o london_n and_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a how_o polydorus_n seek_v trinovantum_fw-la about_o northampton_n but_o the_o authority_n of_o sacred_a antiquity_n be_v of_o more_o force_n with_o i_o than_o any_o bare_a conjecture_n of_o a_o strange_a and_o unknown_a person_n we_o yield_v these_o name_n to_o london_n although_o ptolomaeus_n lay_v they_o near_o to_o the_o thames_n &_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o transcriber_n have_v call_v london_n a_o city_n of_o kent_n and_o marius_n niger_n afterward_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o great_a bosom_n for_o the_o other_o side_n the_o trinovamte_n do_v hold_v into_o the_o middle_n whereof_o the_o river_n thames_n do_v flow_v polydorus_n virgilius_n the_o vrbinate_a go_v about_o to_o prove_v out_o of_o tacitus_n by_o argument_n of_o little_a force_n that_o the_o trinobantes_n be_v inland_a people_n when_o as_o his_o reason_n seem_v to_o próove_v the_o contrary_n for_o where_o as_o he_o say_v if_o the_o trinobantes_n have_v be_v nigh_o london_n suetonius_n shall_v have_v have_v no_o self_n passage_n thither_o nay_o rather_o polydorus_n if_o it_o have_v be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o island_n it_o have_v be_v hard_a for_o he_o to_o have_v come_v to_o london_n through_o the_o thick_a of_o his_o enemy_n for_o his_o way_n lie_v through_o they_o from_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n from_o whence_o he_o come_v wherefore_o it_o be_v more_o likely_a that_o the_o trinobantes_n be_v inhabitant_n of_o essex_n as_o all_o save_v a_o few_o obscure_a and_o unknown_a writer_n do_v affirm_v who_o suppose_v that_o with_o the_o iceni_n their_o neigh_v bour_n which_o now_o be_v the_o people_n of_o norfolk_n and_o nordovolke_n they_o have_v conspire_v the_o death_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o have_v spoil_v with_o â—â—er_n &_o sword_n all_o that_o ever_o be_v in_o their_o way_n unto_o verolanun_n sâ—ayinge_v threescore_o and_o ten_o thousand_o roman_n and_o be_v return_v back_o again_o self_n and_o sound_n before_o suetonius_n come_v as_o tacitus_n avouch_v and_o that_o their_o rage_n extend_v not_o unto_o london_n the_o cause_n be_v as_o the_o same_o author_n report_v for_o that_o london_n be_v a_o colony_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o a_o great_a mart_n city_n of_o they_o famous_a for_o plenty_n of_o travailer_n which_o resort_v thither_o for_o traâ—aque_v of_o merchandise_n abound_v with_o victual_n and_o stout_o defense_v with_o munition_n and_o garrison_n against_o all_o adventure_n as_o all_o man_n do_v know_v hereby_o it_o appear_v how_o weak_a polydorus_n argument_n be_v especial_o who_o so_o well_o know_v that_o part_n of_o england_n and_o that_o london_n be_v the_o city_n trinovantum_fw-la which_o be_v afterward_o call_v augusta_n as_o marcellinus_n report_v with_o these_o reason_n be_v sufficient_o instruct_v i_o say_v that_o the_o trinobantes_n inhabit_v that_o part_n of_o britain_n which_o after_o the_o come_v of_o saxon_n make_v up_o their_o four_o kingdom_n which_o they_o call_v eastsaxons_n and_o another_o call_v midlesaxons_n who_o principal_a city_n be_v london_n at_o this_o day_n which_o sometime_o be_v under_o the_o king_n of_o the_o mercij_fw-la or_o march_n ptolomaeus_n mention_v asleep_o neither_o beside_o this_o city_n trinovantum_fw-la call_v camudolanum_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v all_o one_o with_o camalodunum_n as_o i_o judge_v by_o read_v roman_a history_n although_o ptolomaeus_n speak_v of_o camalodunum_n for_o it_o stand_v not_o far_o from_o the_o thames_n and_o be_v by_o claudius_n appoint_v the_o first_o colony_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o not_o near_o the_o brigant_n as_o polydorus_n much_o less_o in_o scotlan_n as_o boethius_n dream_v and_o for_o the_o more_o plainness_n hereof_o i_o think_v it_o good_a to_o bring_v forth_o the_o word_n of_o dion_n who_o have_v be_v sometime_o consul_n claudius_n after_o that_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o message_n forthwith_o commit_v the_o matter_n appertain_v to_o the_o city_n and_o the_o souldieurs_fw-fr to_o vitellius_n his_o college_n who_o consulship_n as_o also_o his_o own_o he_o have_v prorogue_v for_o six_o month_n long_a himself_o depart_v from_o rome_n to_o ostia_n where_o he_o take_v ship_n and_o arrive_v at_o massilia_n and_o take_v the_o residue_n of_o his_o journey_n partly_o by_o land_n and_o partly_o by_o water_n come_v too_o the_o ocean_n and_o pass_v over_o into_o britain_n and_o come_v to_o his_o army_n which_o lie_v by_o the_o thames_n look_v for_o he_o who_o when_o he_o have_v receive_v in_o charge_n he_o go_v over_o the_o water_n with_o certain_a barbarian_n which_o draw_v to_o he_o at_o his_o come_v â—e_z spread_v his_o banner_n fight_v and_o obtain_v the_o victory_n and_o win_v camalodunum_n the_o regal_a seat_n of_o cynobellinus_n and_o take_v many_o prisoner_n partly_o by_o force_n &_o partly_o by_o yield_v hereby_o it_o appear_v eviuident_o that_o camalodunum_n stand_v not_o far_o from_o the_o thames_n in_o which_o place_n ptolomaeus_n place_v camudolanun_n and_o i_o suppose_v that_o this_o be_v the_o colony_n of_o claudius_n cesar_n famous_a for_o the_o church_n which_o they_o call_v now_o colchestre_n the_o old_a name_n colchestre_fw-fr be_v make_v as_o i_o think_v by_o join_v the_o water_n and_o the_o church_n together_o a_o common_a custom_n among_o the_o britain_n as_o henlhan_n that_o be_v a_o old_a church_n lhanelwy_a a_o church_n stand_v upon_o the_o river_n elguen_n or_o the_o church_n elguen_n which_o the_o englishman_n and_o bishop_n now_o a_o day_n call_v but_o not_o well_o the_o see_v of_o s._n asaphe_n beside_o a_o infinite_a number_a more_o whereby_o i_o be_o persuade_v that_o those_o place_n which_o in_o latin_a begin_v or_o end_n in_o these_o termination_n lan_n or_o lam_n be_v of_o old_a so_o term_v of_o church_n in_o the_o british_n tongue_n moreover_o out_o of_o this_o place_n of_o dion_n it_o be_v gather_v how_o much_o a_o man_n without_o shame_n that_o polydorus_n virgillius_fw-la be_v who_o doubt_v not_o to_o affirm_v reprove_v that_o claudius_n caesar_n vanquish_v the_o britain_n without_o any_o battle_n &_o most_o imputent_o call_v they_o dastard_n who_o caesar_n himself_o tacitus_n dion_n &_o herodian_a term_v by_o these_o name_n most_o warlike_a cruel_a bloodthirsty_a impatient_a both_o of_o bondage_n &_o injury_n but_o a_o infamous_a beggage_n groom_n full_o fraught_v with_o envy_n &_o hatred_n what_o dare_v he_o not_o do_v or_o say_v i_o omit_v his_o schoolmaster_n boethius_n who_o beside_o these_o lie_n speak_v of_o a_o mighty_a war_n which_o claudius_n make_v upon_o the_o people_n of_o the_o orchades_n affirm_v the_o same_o to_o be_v true_a too_o too_o impudent_o for_o thou_o may_v easy_o judge_v good_a reader_n how_o much_o land_n and_o sea_n the_o roman_a emperor_n with_o a_o great_a army_n can_v march_v over_o in_o xuj_o day_n only_o during_o which_o time_n he_o abide_v in_o britain_n when_o tacitus_n also_o a_o most_o faithful_a writer_n affirm_v that_o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o agricola_n the_o island_n of_o britain_n be_v know_v and_o the_o isle_n call_v orchades_n be_v orchades_n then_o unknown_a but_o first_o find_v out_o and_o subdue_v by_o he_o this_o dion_n testify_v to_o be_v true_a in_o the_o life_n of_o titus_n the_o emperor_n neither_o speak_v suetonius_n against_o it_o where_o he_o say_v that_o claudius_n tarry_v in_o britain_n but_o a_o very_a few_o day_n howbeit_o eutropius_n and_o after_o he_o orosius_n seem_v to_o think_v otherwise_o not_o know_v exact_o how_o far_o distant_a the_o orchades_n be_v from_o kent_n but_o since_o reason_n and_o truth_n certain_o persuade_v we_o to_o the_o contrary_a let_v we_o stick_v unto_o they_o as_o unto_o two_o most_o faithful_a guide_n neglect_v the_o judgement_n of_o polydorus_n with_o his_o hector_n next_o to_o the_o trinovante_n be_v the_o iceni_n who_o i_o suppose_v to_o have_v inhabit_v that_o region_n which_o make_v the_o five_o kingdom_n of_o german_n which_o be_v the_o east_n englisman_n and_o their_o city_n venta_n which_o now_o of_o the_o englishman_n be_v call_v northweâ—_n and_o i_o be_o privy_a also_o northwey_n that_o there_o be_v think_v to_o be_v other_o iceni_n in_o the_o west_n but_o i_o think_v it_o more_o probable_a that_o these_o iceni_n be_v put_v for_o tigeni_n of_o who_o i_o will_v speak_v hereafter_o and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o east_n englishmen_n comprehend_v not_o only_o the_o iceni_n but_o also_o cambridgshyre_n who_o chief_a city_n in_o old_a time_n the_o britain_n call_v grantcester_n caërgrawnt_v the_o englishman_n grantcester_n of_o the_o water_n that_o pass_v high_a but_o now_o corrupt_o be_v common_o call_v cambridge_n cambridge_n and_o be_v a_o noble_a university_n wherein_o flourish_v all_o good_a learning_n willow_n not_o far_o of_o be_v the_o isle_n of_o wyllowe_n not_o of_o eel_n as_o some_o have_v write_v for_o helig_v
know_v not_o only_o to_o be_v the_o head_n of_o tegenia_n but_o also_o the_o whole_a shire_n after_o the_o description_n of_o gwynedh_n powisia_n let_v we_o now_o come_v to_o powy_n the_o second_o kingdom_n of_o wales_n which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o german_a altisiodorensis_n which_o preach_v sometime_o there_o against_o pelagius_n heresy_n be_v of_o power_n â–ª_o as_o be_v gather_v out_o of_o his_o life_n the_o king_n whereof_o as_o be_v there_o read_v because_o he_o refuse_v â–ª_o to_o hear_v that_o good_a man_n by_o the_o secret_a and_o terrible_a judgement_n of_o god_n with_o his_o palace_n and_o all_o his_o household_n be_v swallow_v up_o into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o that_o place_n whereas_o not_o far_o from_o oswastry_n be_v now_o a_o stand_v water_n of_o a_o unknown_a depth_n call_v lhunclys_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o devour_n of_o the_o palace_n and_o there_o be_v many_o church_n find_v in_o the_o fame_n province_n dedicate_v to_o the_o name_n of_o german_a the_o city_n of_o schreusbury_n in_o old_a time_n be_v the_o prince_n seat_n of_o this_o kingdom_n but_o when_o the_o englishman_n have_v take_v it_o it_o be_v translate_v to_o mathraval_a a_o place_n five_o mile_n from_o pole_n of_o powy_n this_o region_n have_v on_o the_o northside_n gwynedh_n on_o the_o east_n from_o chestre_n unto_o herford_n england_n on_o the_o south_n &_o west_n the_o river_n wey_n and_o very_o high_a hill_n whereby_o it_o be_v disjoin_v from_o southwales_n and_o because_o the_o land_n be_v plain_a and_o near_o to_o england_n and_o much_o vex_v with_o continual_a war_n by_o englishman_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o norman_n this_o part_n of_o wales_n do_v first_o experiment_n the_o yoke_n of_o english_a subjection_n which_o brood_v stout_a man_n and_o such_o who_o nature_n can_v not_o abide_v to_o be_v at_o rest_n but_o give_v to_o murder_n and_o excursion_n not_o only_o procure_v infinite_a trouble_n unto_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o wrought_v also_o great_a injury_n unto_o their_o neighbour_n the_o welshman_n but_o afterward_o be_v part_v between_o two_o brother_n as_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o britain_n it_o begin_v to_o wax_v weak_a and_o the_o part_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o northside_n of_o tanat_n murnia_n and_o severn_v befall_v unto_o madoc_n whereof_o it_o be_v call_v powy_n fadoc_n the_o other_o part_n come_v both_o in_o name_n and_o possession_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n the_o first_o lose_v the_o name_n of_o powy_n for_o be_v subdue_v by_o the_o norman_n it_o come_v into_o the_o power_n and_o right_a of_o the_o conqueror_n the_o first_o region_n thereof_o mailor_n be_v divide_v into_o twain_o by_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi namely_o the_o saxon_a and_o welsh_a whereof_o the_o first_o appertain_v unto_o flyntshyre_n and_o the_o other_o unto_o denbyghshyre_n in_o the_o which_o stand_v the_o castle_n of_o lion_n lion._n now_o common_o call_v holt._n and_o not_o far_o from_o thence_o be_v see_v the_o rubbish_n and_o relic_n of_o the_o most_o notable_a and_o famous_a monastery_n of_o banchor_n while_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o britain_n flourish_v in_o the_o same_o be_v two_o thousand_o &_o one_o hundred_o monk_n very_o well_o order_v &_o learned_a and_o divide_v into_o seven_o sort_n daily_o serve_v god_n among_o who_o those_o which_o be_v simple_a and_o unlearned_a by_o their_o handy_a labour_n provide_v meat_n and_o drink_v and_o apparel_n for_o the_o learned_a and_o such_o as_o apply_v their_o study_n and_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v remain_v they_o divide_v it_o unto_o the_o poor_a that_o place_n have_v send_v forth_o many_o hundred_o of_o excellent_o well_o learned_a man_n amongst_o who_o it_o have_v also_o vomit_v forth_o to_o the_o world_n the_o most_o detestable_a archeheretick_n pelagius_n and_o afterward_o through_o pelagius_n the_o envy_n and_o malice_n of_o augustine_n not_o the_o bishop_n of_o hippo_n but_o the_o most_o arrogant_a monk_n and_o the_o most_o cruel_a execution_n of_o his_o minister_fw-fr ethelfrede_fw-la worthy_a man_n of_o far_o more_o perfect_a order_fw-fr than_o he_o be_v of_o be_v make_v away_o and_o deed_n the_o whole_a house_n from_o the_o very_a foundation_n together_o with_o their_o most_o noble_a liberary_n more_o precious_a than_o gold_n be_v raise_v down_o and_o destroy_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n it_o be_v overlong_o to_o repeat_v what_o moonk_a latin_a and_o british_a chronicle_n do_v report_n of_o the_o intolerable_a pride_n of_o this_o man_n for_o when_o he_o sit_v in_o his_o regal_a seat_n disdain_v to_o rise_v up_o unto_o the_o british_a bishop_n which_o come_v unto_o he_o humble_o and_o meek_o as_o it_o become_v christian_n to_o do_v they_o behold_v the_o same_o both_o judge_v and_o say_v that_o he_o be_v not_o the_o minister_fw-fr of_o y_fw-fr most_o gentle_a and_o meek_a lamb_n christ_n but_o of_o lucifer_n as_o they_o have_v learn_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n &_o so_o they_o depart_v home_o again_o for_o which_o contempt_n and_o reproach_n and_o partly_o also_o because_o they_o agree_v not_o in_o some_o point_v with_o the_o archbishop_n of_o cantorbury_n which_o he_o have_v appoint_v &_o with_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n he_o so_o stir_v the_o hate_n of_o the_o englishman_n against_o they_o that_o short_o after_o as_o i_o say_v by_o ethelfred_n through_o the_o aid_n and_o help_v of_o ethelbert_n king_n of_o kent_n provoke_v thereto_o by_o augustine_n the_o mounkes_n which_o desire_v peace_n be_v most_o cruel_o slay_v and_o afterward_o the_o britain_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o brochwell_n king_n of_o powy_n be_v vanquish_v until_o that_o at_o length_n be_v aid_v with_o power_n from_o belthrusius_fw-la duke_n of_o cornwall_n caduane_a king_n of_o north-wales_n meredoc_n king_n of_o southwales_n and_o hearten_v forward_o by_o the_o oration_n of_o their_o most_o learned_a abbot_n dunetus_n dunetus_n who_o command_v as_o our_o chronacles_n report_n that_o every_o one_o shall_v kiss_v the_o ground_n in_o remembrance_n of_o place_n the_o communion_n of_o the_o body_n of_o our_o lord_n &_o shall_v take_v up_o water_n in_o their_o hand_n forth_o of_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi and_o drink_v it_o in_o commemoration_n of_o the_o most_o sacred_a blood_n of_o christ_n which_o be_v shed_v for_o they_o who_o have_v so_o communicate_v they_o overcome_v the_o saxon_n in_o a_o famous_a battle_n and_o slay_v of_o they_o as_o huntyngton_n write_v a_o thousand_o threescore_o and_o six_o and_o create_v carduanus_fw-la their_o king_n in_o the_o city_n of_o legion_n next_o ensue_v yale_n and_o chyrk_n hilly_a country_n in_o this_o last_o stand_v that_o antique_a castle_n which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v call_v brennus_n palace_n and_o these_o appertain_v unto_o denbighshyre_n but_o more_o to_o the_o north_n be_v stradalin_n so_o name_v of_o the_o river_n alyn_n and_o hope_v of_o fluitenshire_n towards_o schreusbury_n lie_v fitzalane_n whittington_n and_o oswastrey_n a_o noble_a market_n and_o enwall_v round_o at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o fitzalane_n a_o most_o ancient_a family_n of_o england_n who_o inheritance_n it_o be_v and_o these_o belong_v unto_o schropshire_n above_o these_o in_o the_o west_n be_v the_o edeirnion_n man_n join_v now_o unto_o the_o merionydh_fw-mi man_n upon_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi and_o all_o these_o at_o this_o present_n be_v call_v gwynedhij_fw-la or_o man_n of_o gwynedh_n for_o the_o name_n of_o the_o man_n of_o powis_n be_v perish_v amongst_o they_o the_o second_o region_n of_o powy_n contain_v the_o same_o province_n which_o now_o only_o enjoy_v the_o name_n of_o powy_n and_o sometime_o stretch_v very_o wide_a but_o now_o contain_v only_o three_o cantrede_n lie_v whole_o on_o the_o northside_n of_o the_o river_n severn_n which_o be_v the_o second_o river_n of_o severn_n britain_n fall_a from_o the_o high_a mountain_n of_o plymnonia_n and_o rise_v forth_o of_o the_o same_o head_n with_o wey_n and_o rhydwe_o and_o run_a throuhh_n arwistli_n and_o kedewen_v in_o powy_n make_v speed_n to_o schreusbury_n and_o so_o flow_v forward_o through_o brydgenorth_n worcestre_n and_o glocestre_n from_o which_o not_o far_o of_o it_o ebb_v and_o flow_v and_o between_o wales_n devonshyre_n and_o cornwall_n bear_v name_n of_o the_o severn_n sea._n our_o countryman_n term_v it_o hafren_n and_o not_o severn_v as_o the_o englishman_n do_v the_o chief_n town_n and_o king_n seat_n of_o powy_n call_v matrafal_n retain_v the_o ancient_a name_n howbeit_o the_o building_n be_v deface_v and_o wear_v and_o one_o mile_n from_o severn_n stand_v a_o town_n the_o only_a market_n of_o all_o that_o region_n of_o the_o englishman_n pole_n of_o the_o welshman_n call_v tralhung_a that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o town_n of_o the_o stand_v water_n so_o call_v of_o the_o lake_n whereto_o it_o be_v nigh_o where_o there_o stand_v aloft_o two_o castle_n build_v sometime_o by_o the_o prince_n of_o powy_n this_o princedom_n come_v by_o
appear_v that_o through_o the_o default_n of_o writer_n &_o negligence_n of_o such_o as_o write_v afterwards_o among_o who_o livius_n even_o of_o the_o roman_n themselves_o be_v touch_v with_o want_n of_o trust_n many_o thing_n of_o great_a importance_n than_o the_o departure_n of_o brutus_n be_v yield_v to_o oblivion_n and_o although_o caesar_n call_v the_o britain_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o say_v bear_v in_o the_o same_o country_n where_o they_o dwell_v and_o diodorus_n siculus_fw-la say_v that_o they_o be_v from_o the_o beginning_n yet_o do_v i_o believe_v that_o brutus_n come_v into_o britain_n with_o his_o train_n of_o troyan_n and_o there_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n of_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n and_o of_o his_o own_o man_n &_o thereof_o be_v call_v britain_n for_o our_o countryman_n unto_o this_o day_n do_v call_v a_o britain_n brituun_v which_o word_n come_v not_o from_o the_o ancient_a name_n of_o the_o island_n prydain_n but_o from_o brutus_n the_o king_n and_o our_o history_n call_v the_o britain_n in_o the_o plural_a number_a brytaniaid_n and_o brython_n which_o word_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o name_n of_o brutus_n for_o in_o derivation_n of_o word_n our_o countryman_n do_v often_o turn_v five_o into_o a'n_z the_o ignorance_n whereof_o do_v very_o much_o trouble_v leland_n my_o friend_n m._n leland_n but_o because_o this_o which_o we_o have_v say_v touch_v the_o name_n of_o the_o island_n and_o the_o first_o inhabitant_n thereof_o seem_v sufficient_a for_o our_o purpose_n we_o will_v now_o entreat_v of_o other_o matter_n britain_n which_o more_o right_o how_o britain_n it_o more_o strange_o aught_o to_o be_v call_v prydain_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n lhoegria_n albania_n and_o cambria_n lhoegria_n be_v call_v of_o our_o countryman_n reserve_v as_o yet_o the_o old_a name_n that_o same_o part_n of_o britain_n which_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o english_a saxon_n &_o the_o juthi_a people_n of_o germany_n be_v now_o of_o all_o nation_n call_v england_n for_o when_o britain_n by_o maximus_n the_o tyrant_n be_v bereave_v of_o all_o the_o youth_n a_o great_a part_n whereof_o be_v slay_v with_o he_o at_o aquilaeia_n the_o residue_n stout_o invade_v and_o possess_v a_o part_n of_o france_n call_v armorica_n slea_a and_o drive_v thence_o the_o country_n dweller_n whereby_o that_o country_n at_o this_o day_n be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o less_o and_o the_o continent_n britain_n and_o here_o i_o must_v not_o let_v pass_n with_o silence_n that_o bede_n the_o englishman_n volaterranus_n and_o polydorus_n italian_n be_v shameful_o oversee_v in_o say_v that_o this_o island_n take_v his_o name_n of_o that_o other_o be_v evident_a to_o all_o man_n that_o the_o same_o be_v term_v armorica_n which_o in_o our_o tongue_n be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v upon_o the_o sea_n and_o this_o we_o britannia_n neither_o be_v there_o ever_o any_o of_o the_o ancient_a britain_n or_o briton_n in_o france_n so_o far_o as_o i_o know_v before_o sidonius_n apollinaris_n which_o live_v a_o little_a after_o this_o migration_n that_o leave_v any_o remembrance_n of_o it_o but_o in_o a_o epistle_n to_o vincentius_n of_o aruandus_n secretary_n which_o accuse_v his_o lord_n of_o high_a treason_n thus_o he_o write_v this_o letter_n seem_v to_o be_v send_v to_o the_o king_n of_o goth_n or_o gutland_n diswade_v he_o from_o peace_n with_o the_o emperor_n of_o greece_n and_o show_v that_o the_o britain_n upon_o ligeris_n aught_o to_o be_v set_v upon_o so_o far_o he_o but_o if_o as_o they_o dream_v and_o also_o coenalis_n which_o have_v erroneous_o follow_v they_o the_o britain_n have_v possess_v some_o part_n of_o france_n before_o that_o time_n and_o such_o a_o part_n as_o shall_v have_v be_v call_v britain_n as_o they_o do_v affirm_v impudent_o enough_o it_o shall_v not_o have_v escape_v unspoken_a of_o of_o all_o the_o roman_a writer_n unto_o who_o france_n be_v as_o well_o know_v as_o italy_n howbeit_o our_o countryman_n say_v that_o the_o cornishmen_n and_o those_o be_v one_o nation_n cornishmen_n which_o both_o the_o king_n name_n be_v like_a in_o both_o country_n as_o conane_n meriadoc_n by_o which_o name_n a_o par_fw-fr cell_n of_o denbygh_a shire_n in_o north-wales_n be_v call_v to_o this_o day_n hoel_n alane_n theodore_n rywallone_n with_o diverse_a other_o and_o also_o the_o proper_a word_n and_o name_n for_o all_o thing_n almost_o one_o although_o in_o their_o join_a and_o construction_n of_o speech_n they_o seem_v a_o little_a to_o differ_v as_o it_o chance_v sometime_o in_o one_o country_n do_v prove_v manifest_o our_o countryman_n call_v it_o in_o their_o mother_n tongue_n lhydaw_n which_o word_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v derine_v from_o the_o latin_a word_n littus_n signify_v the_o shore_n as_o who_o shall_v say_v it_o be_v a_o country_n lie_v on_o the_o shore_n of_o france_n for_o like_a as_o the_o latin_n do_v change_v d._n in_o all_o our_o word_n into_o t_o even_o so_o our_o countryman_n do_v turn_v their_o t_o into_o d_o and_o do_v always_o in_o word_n which_o begin_v with_o l_o write_v they_o with_o aspiration_n as_o lhadron_n borrow_v the_o word_n latrones_fw-la from_o the_o latin_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o english_a thief_n but_o to_o return_v again_o from_o whence_o we_o have_v digress_v when_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o the_o youth_n of_o britain_n be_v lead_v by_o maximus_n into_o france_n &_o those_o that_o be_v leave_v at_o home_n be_v oppress_v by_o the_o most_o cruel_a and_o savage_a nation_n the_o redshank_n and_o scot_n look_v for_o no_o succour_n from_o the_o roman_n which_o be_v then_o otherwise_o busy_v about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 450._o they_o call_v saxon_n unto_o they_o the_o saxon_n which_o be_v then_o practise_v piracy_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o france_n and_o britain_n &_o give_v they_o wage_n to_o aid_v they_o and_o whereas_o some_o write_v that_o before_o that_o time_n the_o britain_n never_o know_v the_o saxon_n it_o may_v appear_v to_o be_v false_a out_o of_o sundry_a author_n for_o claudianus_n where_o he_o inveigh_v against_o eutropius_n speak_v of_o they_o in_o these_o word_n about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 400._o what_o i_o may_v do_v since_o thou_o my_o prince_n have_v be_v thing_n not_o far_o hence_o can_v show_v for_o tethis_n do_v begin_v to_o wax_v more_o mild_a since_o saxon_n thou_o have_v quail_v etc_n etc_n likewise_o of_o the_o fort_o consulship_n of_o honorius_n the_o orchades_n be_v wet_a with_o blood_n of_o saxon_n slay_v and_o in_o another_o place_n britayn_n speak_v and_o i_o she_o say_v with_o country_n near_o about_o who_o be_v destroy_v almost_o defence_v well_o have_v stilico_n by_o who_o help_n now_o it_o be_v that_o scottish_a war_n i_o do_v not_o doubt_v ne_o do_v i_o dread_v the_o pict_n ne_o do_v i_o fear_v the_o saxon_a rout_n by_o stand_a on_o the_o shore_n to_o see_v they_o come_v with_o doubtful_a wind_n etc_n etc_n also_o sidonius_n apollinaris_n which_o write_v about_o their_o come_n into_o england_n handsome_o describe_v their_o piracy_n in_o a_o epistle_n to_o lampridius_n we_o may_v behold_v the_o wannish_a saxon_n here_o use_v to_o the_o sea_n before_o to_o dread_v the_o shore_n from_o of_o who_o head_n where_o outward_a they_o appear_v their_o bit_n content_a to_o hold_v not_o any_o more_o the_o shire_n their_o top_n of_o hair_n do_v clip_v &_o shore_n so_o that_o their_o lock_n cut_v hard_a unto_o the_o skin_n do_v make_v their_o head_n decrease_v but_o face_n to_o win_v and_o in_o his_o panegiricus_n unto_o socer_fw-la but_o also_o the_o amorick_a coast_n the_o saxon_n piracy_n well_o hope_v for_o ▪_o to_o who_o the_o british_a salt_n but_o play_v it_o be_v all_o naked_a and_o with_o clout_a boat_n the_o graysh_a sea_n to_o pass_v moreover_o sextus_n rufus_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr notitia_fw-la provinciarum_fw-la of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o province_n speak_v of_o the_o earl_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n along_o both_o the_o britain_n these_o i_o say_v be_v sufficient_o know_v to_o the_o britain_n before_o they_o send_v they_o against_o the_o scot_n and_o redshank_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o hégischus_fw-la one_o hengischus_fw-la who_o when_o they_o have_v overcome_v they_o enter_v a_o traitorous_a league_n with_o they_o and_o like_o false_a man_n turn_v their_o face_n against_o their_o master_n and_o have_v slay_v the_o whole_a nobility_n of_o britain_n by_o craft_n at_o ambrose_n hill_n and_o send_n for_o aid_n from_o among_o the_o englishman_n and_o juthj_fw-la be_v germane_a they_o usurp_v the_o same_o country_n which_o we_o call_v lhoëgria_fw-la and_o after_o almost_o infinite_a battle_n they_o drive_v the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n into_o the_o end_n and_o edge_n of_o the_o island_n and_o part_v the_o same_o between_o themselves_o