shew'd their Dislike of this Change of Government but also the Colonies in Virginia and the Carybde Islands to the reducing of whom the Parliament sent Sir George Askue with a Fleet of Ships who brought them again into Obedience In the mean Time the Scots were very busie they had commenced a Treaty with Prince Charles at Breda which at last was concluded on he assenting to their Presbyterian Government and they to instal and re-establish him in that Kingdom and in the other accordingly as they questioned not but Fortune would answer their blind zealous Covenant Expectations The Prince puts forth to Sea and in despite of foul Weather and the English King Fishers that lay there to intercept him he landed safely at the Spey in the North of Scotland Now tho' the Scots had a King yet as if they had none every one did that which is right in his own Eyes and as if they intended him only the Title being now in their Power they forced him to follow the Rules of their haughty Clergy in all their sanatick Humours and imperious Decrees First then they bereaved him of all his old Friends Counsellors and Confederates whether of the Clergy or Laity as those who adhered to Episcopal Government and so not pure enough for so reform'd a People Thus they hamstringed him not as what was formerly in the Sign-post only of printed Papers Next they make him take the Solemn League and Covenant that strange Fire which the Scots believe descended from Heaven and by which they at their Pleasures kindle those Wars wherewith they infest England Then these Horse Farriers of the Conscience gave him another Drench he is taught to Renounce the Sins of his Father's House and of his own the Idolatry of his Mother by a constant adhering to the Cause of God according to the Covenant in the firm Establishment of Church Government as it is laid down in the Directory for publick Worship Confession of â—aith and Catechism These with divers others of the like Nature they wrought so on his Necessity they obtruded or rather rammed into his Conscience although with much Reluctancy he signed to making many strange Faces at these bitter Pills he swallowed yet it better'd not his Condition which was like that of a Child under Tutors and Governors there was not an Officer in that Kirk or Commonwealth how vile and abject soever in Place or Person but enjoyed more Freedom both in Body and Mind than he Guarded indeed he was but no otherwise than he was surrounded with the Ignis Fatuus of their zealous Suspicions of him so that move he must not but in the Sphere of the Kirk their Primum mobile whereby 'tis apparent that the Government of that Nation might be almost question'd whether it ever were truly Monarchial tho' they had Kings To proceed the Parliament having notice of all their Proceedings recalled General Cromwel out of Ireland making him Generalissimo of the Commonwealths Armies in the Lord Fairfax's Stead who at the same Time laid down his Commission he with a choice Army marches into Scotland and after many petty Defeats gives them a great Overthrow at Dumbar September 3 1650 and prosecuting his Victory takes Leith a very considerable and advantageous Place as also Edinburgh the Metropolitan City of all Scotland Thus he set firm there his Sword hewing his Way for him to conquer that Country which the King lost by his Pen. Now were the Scots truly miserable for besides a raging Enemy in the very Heart of their Kingdom they were divided among themselves even to the killing and slaying of one another one Party in the North was for the King without the Kirk another Party in the West was for the Kirk without the King a third Party was for the King and Kirk Yet notwithstanding these Losses and Divisions they assumed new Courage levied more Men and crowned their King with the utmost Magnificence as the Indigency and Necessity of their Affairs would admit The English on the other Side being resolved to terminate this War with Scotland passed over into Fife and having defeated four thousand Scots they soon became Masters of Inchigravy Burntisland and St. Johnstoun Mean while the Scots Army consisting of 16000 abandoned their own Territories and by the Way of Carlisle entred England General Cromwel advertised hereof leaves Colonel Monk with 7000 Men in Scotland to perfect the Conquest of that Kingdom and with the rest of the Army pursues the Scots who wheresoever they came proclaimed their King to be King of Great Britain France and Ireland c. But few stirred unto their Aid among others the unfortunate Earl of Darby who having assembled 1200 Men in Lancashire was defeated by Colonel Lilbourn and to save himself was constrained to flee to Worcester where the Scots after a long and tedious March had pitch'd their Camp whither General Cromwel soon pursued and having the Aid of the Train Bands of several Counties gave them Battle which proved fatal unto the Scots their whole Army being overthrown The King in a Disguise escaped into France not without much Difficulty and Danger the Parliament having promised five hundred Pounds to any one that could discover his Person Such a List of Prisoners as were then taken we shall seldom meet with in any Battle but Cromwel's the Earl of Darby the Earl of Lauderdale Duke Hamilton General of the Scots Army who afterwards died of his Wounds the Earl of Rothes the Earl of Cornwarth the Earl of Shrewsbury Peckington Cunninghame and Clare Knights the Lord Spine and Sinclare the Earl of Cleveland of Kelley and Colonel Greaves six Colonels of Horse thirteen of Foot nine Lieutenant Colonels of Horse eight of Foot six Majors of Horse thirteen of Foot seven and thirty Captains of Horse seventy three of Foot fifth five Quarter-masters eighty nine Lieutenants of Foot Major General Biscotty Major General Montgomery the Lieutenant General of the Ordnance the Adjutant General of the Foot the Marshal General the Quartermaster General the Conductor General of the Baggage seventy six Standards ninety nine Ensigns all which were hung up in Westminster Hall for successive Parliaments to understand what Vigour of Spirits they by their Influence can infuse into those they please please to authorize only the Want of the Allay of their Ambitions often works them high where it is impossible to set limits to generous Minds To continue the other Appendixes to this Victory there were also taken nine Ministers nine Chirurgeons One hundred fifty and eight Colours and all the Cannon and Baggage generally the Royal Standard the King's Coach and Horses the Royal Robe the Collar of the Order of the Garter thirty of his domestick Servants and that admirable Poet his Secretary Fanshaw Several other Persons were also afterwards taken in the remotest Countries as Major General Massey who being committed to the Tower afterwards made his Escape Major General Middleton Lieutenant General David Lesly insomuch as that it may be
adverse Party who had always great Want of it The Parliament having on their Side the rich City of London that inexhaustible Bank of Treasure By this Means he strengthened himself with sufficient Aids to oppose the Lord Capel who was to have been seconded by Prince Rupert and should have seized on Cambridge thereby to have impeded the Association of the adjoining Counties for the Parliament He being advanced from a Captain to a Colonel having compleated a Regiment of Horse to the full Number of a thousand Men in the Spring of the Year he marches to Lowerstoft in Suffolk where he suddenly surprized Sir Thomas Barker Sir John Pettas his Brother with above twenty other Persons of Note who were entring into an Association for the King several Peasons of Quality and divers Noblemen hourly flocking to that Rendezvouz this other Service was very seasonably render'd to the Parliament the King's Party both in Suffolk and Norfolk being much discouraged by this Success Having by new raised Aids inforced his Army to a very considerable Strength he marched into Lincolnshire with a Resolution to assist those Forces that lay about Newark a very strong and stout Garrison of the King's where by their daily Excursions they kept all the Country thereabouts in awe which he not only block'd up but also defeated part of the Earl of Newcastle's Army which came to relieve them I shall not need to particularize all his Actions his other interveening Atchievements are innumerable To look forwards only to mention the Battle of Marston Moor where by his Valour he turn'd the Scales of Victory which at the first enclined to the King's Side As also at that fatal Fight at Naseby where the King's Foot were all cut in Pieces or taken Prisoners His memorable Discomfiture of the King's Forces at Preston in Lancashire over Duke Hamilton and Sir Marmaduke Langdale the last of them as valiantly faithful to the King as the other was disloyal Their united Forces amounting to Twenty five thousand his not above Ten thousand at most altho' indeed he found little Opposition save only of those few Forces of Sir Marmaduke Langdale who fought it out courageously to the last Man Should I thus continue to signalize his Trophies I might tire out the Reader with his strange Successes let it suffice then that his Actions with such Fame arrived at the House that in Recompence they first bestowed on him the Generalship of the Horse and afterwards the Lieutenant Generalship of the whole Army Certainly if his Ambition had terminated here and his wonderful Successes had not raised his Thoughts higher if he could not for his Martial Merits have been beloved he had Power enough to have render'd himself save and for his valiant Atchievements fear'd honour'd and admir'd Raised to this Degree of Command he was more careful of hazarding his Person than before well knowing the Loss of a General is the most irreparable of all Losses for him to expose his Person to trivial Hazards in the Breath of whose Nostrils the victorious Atchievements of the Soldiers remains is too impertinently adventurous as if it were more glorious to fight than command Whereas that is more especially the Virtue of a common Soldier This other of a Leader whose principal Talent lies more in Direction than Execution more in the Brain than Hand Thus that ever to be deplored Laureat of our Times the Gentleman of the long Robe the Oracle of the King's Cousels the Lord Faukland was as unfortunately lost as unnecessarily engaged in the Field But to proceed he grew so subtilly careful as to maintain a fair Correspondence there was no Place taken no Battle won but he was the first that brought or sent Word to the House by which he insinuated himself into the Affections both of the Parliament and People expressing his own Actions in such Terms as whilst he seemingly attributed much to others he drew the whole Commendation thereof to himself One Thing that made his Brigade so invincible was his arming them so well as whilst they assured themselves they could not be overcome it assured him to overcome their Enemies He himself as they call'd him Ironside needed not to be ashamed of a Nick-name that so often saved his Life These were his Acts whilst Lieutenant General by which he got so great a Name in War as Essex Waller and those other great Names before him excepting only Sir Thomas Fairfax's Laurels which were interwoven with his the rest were swallowed up in his most inimitable Successes even as great Rivers are swallowed up by the Ocean For the rest of his Actions when he was General his conquering Ireland his subduing Scotland the many other Battles he fought till his sâ—ishing the War in England To treat also largely of these it's Trophies would weary the Pen of a serious though industrious Writer that sadly concerns the Incivility of those late Civil War howsoever they were strange Successes and so many that as a Modern Poet agrees with what I have expressed It were a Work so great Would make Olympus bearing Atlas sweat I shall therefore summarily relate the most notable Occurrences then happening leaving the less Assairs to be related by more voluminous Authors No sooner were the Civil Wars of England terminated by the Discomfiture of all the King's Armics the taking of his own Person and putting him to Death but the Parliament by a solemn Vote and Ordinance changed the Monarchial Government into a Commonwealth The Kingdom of Ireland discontented at this Change uniting themselves owned the late King's eldest Son and solemnly proclaimed him King no Place considerable standing out for the Parliament saving only Dublin and London-derry the first whereof of was immediately besieged by an Army of Twenty two thousand Men commanded by the Marquess of Ormond and the other by a considerable Party of the Natives of the Country To the reducing of this Kingdom was Oliver Cromwel nominated Governour of Ireland by the Common-wealth who with a well apointed Army set sail for Dublin Where although he found Things in an indifferent good Posture the Marquess of Ormond having been beaten off by the Valour of Michael Jones the Governour yet he met with Work enough for his Army For Droghedah one one of the best and considerablest Places in all Ireland held out stifly against them and having a strong Party bid Defiance to his Army Yet notwithstanding after many Assaults and much Valour shewn on both Sides he at last took it putting therein to death 3000 Irish who tho' Enomies yet for their Valour and undaunted Resolution might have been look'd on with a more merciful Eye as they were Men and more especially Christians Soon after followed the Surrender of Trim Dundalke Nury Wexford Rove Bandonbridge and Kingsale yet notwithstanding the reducing of these Towns many of the Irish retreating to their Bogs and inaccessible Places held out for a long Time in dsepite of the English To proceed not only the Irish
said the Gleanings of this Victory were as considerable as the whole Harvest itself Many of the common Soldiers were transported into Barbadoes and other Plantations this Mercy extended to them in saving their Lives causing much Gain to accrue thereby unto the Commonwealth in selling the poor heathenish Highlanders to the Plantations I shall end these sad Transactions with what Mr. Wharton chronologized in these Words Since England 's Hogs eat our dear Brethren up He only reflects on the half Graves were made for them in Tuttle Fields Of all this long List two only suffer'd Death viz. Sir Timothy Featherstone Knight and the Earl of Darby who on the 15th of October following was beheaded at Bolton in Lancashire being conducted thither by sixty Foot and eighty Horse about two of the Clock he was brought forth to the Scaffold which was built at the Cross part of it with the Timber of his own House at Latham there was not above an hundred Lookers on besides Soldiers presently after his coming upon the Scaffold there happen'd a great Tumult the Occasion whereof was not certainly known in appeasing of which there were some cut many hurt and one Child killed The Earl was no eloquent Orator and the Tumult put him out of his speaking what he intended At last after some Silence made he began as followeth Since it hath pleased God by this untimely Death to shorten my Days I am glad it is in this Town where some have been made believe I was a cruel Person that I might vindicate myself from this Aspersion It was my Desire the last Time I came into this Country to come hither as to a People that ought to serve the King as I conceive upon good Grounds It was said that I was accustomed to be a Man of Blood but it doth not lie upon my Conscience I was wrongfully bely'd I thank God I desir'd Peace I was born in Honour and I shall die Honourably as I suffer for my Sovereign I had a fair Estate good Friends and was respected and do respect Those that were ready to do for me I was ready to do for them I have done nothing but as my generous Predecessors acted to do you good It was the King that called me in and I thought it my Duty to wait upon his Highness to do him Service Here he was disturb'd by the Noise of the People after some Pause he said I intended to have exprest my self further but I have said I have not much more to say to you but as to my Good-will to this Town of Bolton I can say no more but the Lord bless you I forgive you all and desire to be forgiven of you all for I put my Trust in Christ Jesus Looking about him he said I did never deserve this hard Measure Honest Friends you that are Soldiers my Life is taken away after Quarter given by a Council of War which was never done before Walking up and down the Scaffold he said The Lord bless you all the Son of God bless you all of this Town of Bolton Manchaster Lancashire and the rest of the Kingdom and God send that you may have a King again and Laws I die like a Christian and a Soldier God and my Sovereign's Soldier Causing his Coffin to be opened he said I hope when I'm imprison'd here armed Men shall not need to watch me Looking upon them that were upon the Scaffold he said What do you stay for it is hard that I cannot get a Block to have my Head cut off Speaking to the Executioner he said Thy Coat is so troublesome and cumbersome that I believe that thou canst not het right the Lord help thee and sorgive thee Other Words he used which to avoid Proxillty I willingly omit At last submitting his Neck to the Block he had his Head severed from his Body with one Blow his sorrowful Son who was a sad Spectator of this woful Tragedy out of a pious care and filial duty conveyed his Corps back with him that Night to Wiggan and afterwards gave them honourable Burial Not long before at London was Colonel Eusebius Andrews apprehended who having formerly practiced the Law changed his Gown into a Coat of Armour having received a Commission from the King of Scots for the raising Men in England he was tryed in Westminster Hall at the High Court of Justice then again newly erected being the first unfortunate Centleman that hanselled the Court He was condemned and the 22. of August 1650. brought to the Scaffold on Tower-hill where he expressed himself to the People in these his last Words Christian Gentlemen and People your Business hither to Day is to see a sad Spectacle a Man to be in a Moment unman'd and cut off in the prime of his Years taken from further opportunities of doing good either to himself his Friends the Common-wealth or more especially as to my continued services to my Creator Truly if my general known Course of Life were but enquired into I may modestly say there is such a moral Honesty upon it as some may be so sawcy as to expostulate why this great Judgement is fallen upon me but know I am able to give them and my self an answer and out of this Breast am able to give a better Accompt of my Judgement and Execution then my Judgers themselves or you are able to give It is Gods wrath upon me for Sins long unrepented of many Judgements withstood and Mercies slighted therefore God hath whipped me by his severe Rod of Correction that he might not lose me I pray join with me in Prayer that it may not be a fruitless Rod that when by this Rod I have laid down my Life by his Staff I may be comforted and received into Glory I am very consident by what I have heard since my Sentence there is more exceptions made against proceedings against me then I ever made My Triers had a Law and the value of that Law is undisputable and for me to make a question of it I should shame my self and my Discretion In the strictness of that Law something is done by me that is applicable to some clause therein by which I stand condemnable The means whereby I was brought under that Interpretation of that which was not in my self intended maliciously there being Testimony given by Persons whom I pity so false yet so positive that I cannot condemn my Judges for passing sentence against me according to Legal Justice though Equity lieth in the higher Breasts As for my Accusers or rather Betrayers I pity and am sorry for them they have committed Judas 's Crime but I wish and pray for them with Peter's Tears that by Peter's Repentance they may escape Judas 's Punishment and I wish other People so happy they may be taken up betimes before they have drunk more Blood of Christian Men possibly less deserving then my self It is true there have been several Addresses made for Mercy and I will put the
labour till he shall be released by Parliament and during that time be debarred the use of Pen Ink and Paper and shall have no relief but what he earns by his daily Labour which accordingly was executed upon him December 17. 1656. His Flies and Familiars were still useful to him for the discovering of more strange designs the revealing of which no Question kept many Conspiracies from being attempted to which effect there is yet another Plot against the Protectors Life intended by Miles Sindercomb alias Fish one who had formerly been a Parliament Soldier under the command of Sir John Reynolds together with one Cecil induced thereunto as is said by Don Alonso the late Spanish Ambassador to the effecting their designs they are said to have hired a House at Hammersmith adjoining by the High-way side to have shot him in his Coach as he passed by but that failing they intended to have shot him in Hide-Park and to that purpose they filed off the Hinges of the Gates for their better escape and this miscarrying they intended to have fired White Hall For these Offences Sindercomb was arraigned at the Upper Bench Bar in Westminster Hall February 9. 1656. where being found guilty by the Jury he was condemned to be hanged drawn and quartered at Tyburn but before his Execution he was found dead in his Bed and several presumptions of a violent Death appearing on him it was concluded he poysoned himself Afterwards he was drawn from the Tower unto Tower-hill at a Horse's-Tail with his Head forward and there under the Scaffold turned into a hole stark naked and a Stake spiked and plated with Iron driven thro' him into the Earth It is to be observed that whatsoever the vigilancy of the Guard of the Tower was over this Gentleman that he died with as fresh a Colour as Sir Thomas Overbury is said to have expired with But to return where we left that successful Sea-man General Blake the Protectors intended Drake an honest stout incomparable Sea-man he failing with his Fleet to Sancta Cruza in the Island of Teneriff in which Port lay sixteen great Spanish Vessels laden with rich Merchandizes from the Indies He on the 20th of April 1657. set upon them and destroyed them all not sixty of his own Men being lost But to return June the 20. 1657 the Protector with great Magnificence was installed at Westminster the Parliament then sitting and in Westminster Hall a rich Cloth of State was set up and under it a Chair of State placed upon an ascent of two degrees covered with Carpets and before it a Table with a Chair appointed for the Speaker of the Parliament and on each side of the Hall upon the said Structure were Seats raised one above another and decently covered for the Members of Parliament and below them Seats on one side for the Judges of the Land and on the other side for the Aldermen of the City of London About two of the Clock in the Afternoon the Protector met the Parliament in the Painted Chamber and passed such Bills as were presented to him after which they went in order to the place appointed in Westminster Hall the Protector standing under the Cloth of Estate the Lord Widdrington Speaker of the Parliament addrest himself to him in this Speech May it please your Highness You are now upon a great Theatre in a large Chore of People you have the Parliament of England Scotland and Ireland before you on your Right Hand my Lords the Judges and on your Left-Hand the Lord Mayor Aldermen and Sheriffs of London the most noble and populous City of England The Parliament with the Interposition of your sufferage makes Laws and the Judges and Governours of London are the great Dispencers of those Laws to the People The Occasion of this great Convention and Intercourse is to give an Investiture to your Highness in that eminent Place of Lord Protector a Name you had before but it is now settled by the full and unanimous consent of the People of these three Nations assembled in Parliament you have no new Name but a new date added to the old Name the 16 of December is now changed to the 26 of June I am commanded by the Parliament to make oblation to your Highness of four Things in order to this Inauguration The first is a Robe of Purple an Emblem of Magistracy and imports Righteousness and Justice when you have put on the Vestment I may say and I hope without Offence that you are a Gown Man This Robe is of a mixt Colour to shew the mixture of Justice and Mercy which are then most excellent when they are well tempered together Justice without Mercy is Wormwood and Bitterness and Mercy without Justice is of a too soft a Temper for Government for a Magistrate must have two Hands Plectentem Amplectentem The next thing is a Bible a Book that contains the Holy Scripture in which you have the Honour and Happiness to be well versed This is the Book of Life consisting of two Testaments the Old and New In the first we have Christum velatum Christ in Types Shadows and Figures in the latter we have Christum revelatum Christ revealed This Book carries in it the grounds of the true Christian Protestant Religion it's a Book of Books it contains in it both precepts and examples for good Government Alexander so highly valued the Books of his Master Aristotle and other great Princes other Books that they have laid them every Night under their Pillows These are all but Legends and Romances to this one Book at Book to be had always in remembrance I find it said in a Part of this Book which I shall desire to read and it is this Deut. 17. And it shall be when he sitteth upon the Throne of his Kingdom that he shall write a Copy of this Law in a Book out of that which is before the Priests and Levites And it shall be with him and he shall read therein all the Days of his Life that he may learn to fear the Lord God and to keep all the Words of his Law and those Statutes to do them That his Heart be not lifted up above his Brethren and that he turn not aside from the Commandment to the Right Hand or to the Left to the end he may prolong his Days in his Kingdom he and his Children in the midst of Israel The next Thing that I am to offer to your Highness is a Scepter not unlike a Staff for you are to be a Staff to the Weak and Poor it's of ancient use in this kind it's said in Scripture in reference to Judah the Royal Tribe That the Scepter shall not depart from Judah It was of like use in other Kingdoms and Governments Homer the Prince of the Greek Poets calls Kings and Princes Scepter-bearers The last Thing is a Sword not a Military but a Civil Sword a Sword rather for a Defence than an Offence not to defend