reviling words calling them disloial disobedient and other injurious names this beeing known amongst the Common People inflamed amain their furie Their boundless Rage suddenly broke into an Ocean of inconsiderate and bitter expressions The third daie that his Majestie was there It beeing divulged to and fro in the Citie that the Magistrates had consented to and subscribed the Emperor's demands The People cried out That ought not to bee suffred The Emperor beeing informed of all these passages was very much perplext and gave order presently to prepare for his departure It is râ—ported that hee said hee desired no more then that consentment and those subscriptions which som of the Magistrates had given in As for the rest who had refused hee should take his time to bee even with them So hee departed upon a sudden though the Towns-men thought hee would not have gon in regard Valladolid and divers other Cities of Castillia had sent to beseech him with much humilitie and earnestness that hee would bee pleased to forbear a while and not leav them so soon fearing the disasters which afterwards befel them The Emperor gave them a gracious answer thanking them for their good wishes but hee said it was expedient for him to depart without anie further delaie for the good and advancement of that Kingdom and hee promissed them that assoon as hee had received the Imperial Crown hee would com back again at the farthest within three years This did not satisfie the Gentrie of the Kingdom nor the Cities nor the Commons of Valladolid who grew excessively out of Temper SECT VIII BEfore wee pass anie farther it will not bee improper to set down what was don at Toledo in this Interim Wee have seen the Letter which they wrote the last year 1519 to the other Cities of the Kingdom They wrote another to Valladolid bearing date the 8th of June of this year 1520. declaring to the same effect as in the former the great necessitie into which the absence of their King would plunge the Countrie and the great inconveniences that were likely to proceed from that occasion That it was expedient that all the Cities of the Kingdom should make an Assemblie and consult what were best to bee don in a case of such high consequence That they would consider of the manner and place of meeting That they would conform themselvs to Valladolid and that Valladolid should communicate the matter to the bordering Towns and Cities That Toledo would presently put it in execution for they were and ever would bee at his Majestie 's service for the good of the kingdoms and their Republicks The fifteenth of June Valladolid returned this answer That they would very willingly condescend to such an Assemblie if they thought they might justly and lawfully do it and that they remained well assured of the zeal and good affection which Toledo expressed to the King's service and the publick good But such kinde of meetings they alleged were prohibited by the Laws of the Kingdom without his Majestie 's permission and admit they were not forbidden at that time however they were unlawful in regard his Majestie was absent and by reason of the scandal which might arise from thence especially there beeing a Governor for his Majestie in the Kingdom and a Person of such note and value besides the Lord President and those of the Council with whom they and the other Cities of the kingdom might communicate their necessities and grievances And Valladolid conclude's thus So Wee beseech your Worships that you would pleas to let these Assemblies ceas becaus out of the desire wee have to do you service It would griev us very much that that Citie should give anie occasion of scandal Becaus all that should proceed from thence would bee imputed and laid to the charge of those that were assistant at anie such Iunta And if you think that there is anie necessitie to provide for or that you desire to remedie anie thing touching this Kingdom or that Citie send your messengers or Commissioners to the Governor and those of the Council and wee will procure them a free arrival hither protect them while they staie here and obtein them a safe conduct back again to which wee doubt not but the Governor will easily condescend and wee will also join with them in all that is just and lawful And becaus wee believ according to your great Prudence and Virtue you will receiv our Intention with the same zeal and affection as wee declare it wee enlarge our selvs no further in this particular So God keep you c. SECT IX THese private Treaties increased daily the publick resentments and the more in respect of the King's demands and his so unexspected determination to leav that Countrie The principal of those that declared themselvs in Toledo with demonstrations of the greatest zeal to the Common good were Iohn de Padilla Don Pedro Lasso de la Vega Son to Don Garzilasso de la Vega Chancellor of the Order in the kingdom of Leon and Hernando de Avalos all gentlemen of noble extraction and allied to the chief Nobles of Spain These gentlemen who were chief Commissioners in the Iuntas and Assemblies which were held in the Citie exclaimâ—d exceedingly against the ill government That the King was carried away by strangers not considering the miserable condition in which hee left that Kingdom then they repeated all the Contents of the Letters which Toledo had sent to th' other Cities adding divers other things that had been produced upon new occasions which they amplified and aggravated with more bitterness then need required And That Toledo which for her greatness had been the Metropolitan Citie of Spain in time of the Goths was more then ordinarily obliged to seek out a remedie and set a Period to so great evils They urged moreover that it was most expedidient that forthwith Letters should bee dispatched to all the Cities of the Kingdom that had Vote in Parlament to incite them to assemble in som place convenient for their treating upon the forementioned remedies That there should immediately bee sent a Petition to the King beseeching him not to depart the Kingdom but that hee would bee pleased to give som Order for the remedying and better managing of Affairs That in case his Majestie would not the Kingdom intended to indeavor it and would more narrowly see into that which concerned the Common good These and divers such like things were that daie there propounded And in â—egard they carried a specious apparence of the Publick Good which was so generally desired throughout the whole Kingdom the Major part of the Assemblie was of opinion That it was most fiâ—ting and convenient so to do But som dissented though they were the fewer in number fearing that if the affairs were carried on in that manner although under colour of the Common good they would produce very sad consequents neither were they satisfied of the lawfulness of the
that everie Deputie of a Ward should take four or five of the said names in writing and go with a Notarie publick to their respectivâ— houses or lodgings requiring them to meet the next daie in the cardinalâ—s hous where hee should tell them what further they were to do Which beeing done accordingly those of the Council that could not escape â—as divers did failed not to com to the Cardinal's Pallace where the Fâ—ier with his Captains about him notified and commanded them in the name of the Iunta to go with them to Tordesillas and to execute no more the offiâ—e of Counsellors that beeing there they should know further what they were to do and that there was no fear of their lives but their goods and estates he could not promise to secure Whereunto they made answer That they held their Offices and Charge from his Mâ—jestie's own hands whom they had served and did serv and that although they were taken they would not go with them unless they were carried away by force This was the best answer the Frier could get at that time so hee returned to Tordesillas but was not long before hee came back again to Valladolid with other Letters and Orders as shall bee seen hereafter SECT XXV IN this coniuncture arrived an express from Flanders vvitâ— dispatches from the Emperor Letters for the Cities of the Kingdom and his Majestie 's Commissions and Orders to Don Inigo de Velasco Lord high Constable of Castilla and Leon and Don Fadrique Enriquez Lord Admiral of Castilla autoâ—ising and Commanding them joyntly vvith the Cardinal Adriano to undertake the charge and care of governing and managing the affaires of that Kingdom untill his returne In his Letters the Emperor declared his exceeding sorrovv and discontent for the troubles and insurrections in that Kingdom notvvithstanding the great affection hee alvvaies expressed tovvards them That his good vvill vvas so ill requited and his favors no better accepted That they had failed in that fidelitie vvherevvith like good and Loyall Subjects they had alvvaies served the Kings his Predecessors Yet hee could not bee persuaded but some particular persons for their private â—nterests had been the occasion of all those disorders And That in regard one of the principal things at which the Kingdom was aggreived had been his conferring of the government upon a stranger although the prudence and uprightness of the most reverend Cardinal of Tortosa could not in all reason but give them satisfaction to stop the current of those disorders which increased daily in that Kingdom and to provide for the good government thereof and the Peace of his Subjects with great deliberation and advice during his absence which should not bee long hee had ordered and appointed to rule joyntly with the Cardinal as vice-Vice-Kings and Governors of that Kingdom the Lord Admiral and Lord high Constable of Castilla beeing both persons indued with wisdom and other parts requisite for so high a charge and that they should take upon them all the care trouble c. And that he had given them particular charge if the Kingdom was anie waie aggriev'd to send for the Commissioners or Burgesses of the Cities that they might demand redress before the Governors And withall hee Commanded the Cities to bee obedient unto them The Emperor wrote also to the Lord high Constable endeering him by the acknowledgment of his former services to undertake and execute with like fidelitie resolution and cheerfulness the joynt charge with the Cardinal and the Lord Admirall of pacifying the present tumults and insurrections reducing his Subjects to their former obedience and the governing and managing the affairs of that Kingdom until his return Dated in Bruxels the 9th of September 1520. SECT XXVI IF these Noble-men had been made governors before the Emperor's departure out of Spain questionless the Commotions had never come to that height But they were now too far gon beyond their recoverie for although some were very well pleased with this Election others were not The Lord high Constable as wee shall see was not very well beloved in Burgos The Cardinal with the President and Council were not onely not beloved but extreamely hated and abhorred in manie Cities Onely in Valladolid the Cardinal was much respected and honored neither would they consent to his departure out of the Citie although hee often desired it but they offered themselvs all to bee at his service esteeming him as it were a Saint and they kept guards at the Gates of the Citie lest the Cardinal or anie of the Council or Judges should goe away Yet for all their guards El Licenciado Zapata made his escape in a Benedictan Munk's habit having shaved his crown and his beard and divers others of the Council likewise who durst not attend the determination of the Junta perhaps their own ill consciences did accuse them and filled their hearts with the apprehension of danger which onely make the sinners flie though no bodie doth pursue them And indeed in offices and charges of that nature some men are monstruously insufferable SECT XXVII FEw daies after the Dominican Frier was returned to the Junta and had given an account of his indeavors at Valladolid concerning the suspending of the Council Roial and the apprehending of the Counsellors They sent another Frier Alonso de Medina Professor of Divinitie of the Order of St Francis with second Orders from the Junta to Valladolid Where beeing arrived hee caused the Commonaltie and Officers of the Citie to assemble at the Monastrie of St Francis which beeing done accordingly the Frier went up into the Pulpit and shewed the Letters of Credence which hee brought from the Iunta in whose name hee told them they were againe required to send those of the Council-Royall Prisoners to Tordesillas and that those of the Council of Warre who were fled and absented themselvs should thenceforwards bee payed no Salarie nor enjoy any of their Revenues But that they should all bee punished according to their severall deserts And that her Highness the Queen's pleasure and absolute Command was it should bee â—o in regard it was found expedient for the good of the Kingdom Otherwise the offenders and wicked Counsellors the Perpetrators of so manie evils in the Kingdom should escape unpunished and the poor oppressed People remain without Justice Many other reasons hee aleadged which were not unpleasing to the People who were filled with a desire of seeing the punishment hee mentioned inflicted And having ended his discours hee produced and read aloud to them a copie signed by three publick Notaries of what passed between the Queen and the Commissioners of all the Cities and Towns in the Kingdom that had Votes in Parlament Who beeing altogether in her presence gave her to understand by the mouth of the Doctor Zuniga of Salamanca the grievances of the Kingdom having been pilled and polled by strangers since her â—ather's death and out of the sens of their opression
Guards went away the daie before by two and two After which time hee sent to entreat the Citie to suffer his goods to bee brought unto him assuring them that his going away should bee no waie prejudicial to them that hee was in a manner enforced so to absent himself from them both for respect of his Majestie 's service and that hee had not left him wherewithal to defraie his charges in the Citie but wheresoëver hee was they might bee confident hee would do all that might be for theirâ— and the whole Kingdom 's good Valladolid with much complement and civil expressions sent him all his Linnens and other houshold-stuff to the Town of Rioseco whither hee was gone in exspectation of the Lord Admiral About this time there were great differences betwixt those of the Commonaltie and their Captain the Infante of Granada They would have killed him manie of them coming violently against him with their Arms and giving him very reproachful and abusive language As hee advanced into the market place with above six hundred Lances to apprehend Alonso de Vera they saie it was a Bridle-maker and som such like audacious fellows that were the occasion of stirring the people to this insolent attempt The Iunta beeing much displeased â— ereat ordered that the Infante of Granada should leav the Office of Captain becaus it was too great a charge to allow him everie month 30000 Maradiz alleging moreover that none but a native of the Citie ought to execute that Command But the Infante giving notice of his discontent by command of the Iunta this matter was put to Votes and hee having the major part on his side it was ordered that hee should bee confirmed in his Office but withal that hee should pardon Alonso de Vera with the rest that had offended him and strict command was given that the people should make no more meetings nor demand any thing from thenceforward with Arms in their hands but by waie of Justice and Reason That presently under pain of one hundred lashes all those Vagabands and fellows that had no professions should avoid the Citie This was proclaimed in Valladolid on St Luke's daie SECT XXXII WHil'st the Commonaltie of Valladolid was in consultation whether the Infante should continue in his Charge or not arrived a Commissioner from the Junta desiring that Citie in their names to agree and bee all as one and not to give waie to their particular passions which might breed division among them to the great weakning and disenabling of that Citie for they were now to consider that they had manie enemies who had already begun one of the highest and greatest attempts in the world That if their hearts were not united stirred up therewith they with their wives and children should bee reduced to most wretched slaverie That with couragious mindes and upright desires they ought to prosecute this matter and bee assistant to those Gentlemen who were already engaged therein and boüy them up out of that gulf of miserie whereinto they were plunged For the Lords of the Iunta considering that Valladolid was the most noble principal Citie of all Spain and that it had been the principal autor of their good as in former times exposing and hazarding their lives and fortunes to many eminent dangers They thought it great reaâ—on to give them an account of what they had done in the Iunta To whiâ—h effect they had sent to let them know how that neither night nor daie they ceased laboring in the advancement of the service of God and the King and the publick good of the Nation neither eating nor drinking in quiet but still watching with much care and studie how God and the King might have their due respect and honor and the Kingdom bee preserved in libertie Renouncing all private affairs leaving houses goods wives and children at random to attend and applie themselvs with more fervencie to procure the people's good without Interest That before the Iunta sate at Tordesillas they all took a solemn oath that no man should procure for himself wife children friends or kindred anie Lands Offices or benefits whatsoëver to the end that they might loiâ—lly and without Interests serv the publick That every one of the Iunta was a Gentleman and as free as the King himself from all the tributes taxes that were imposed upon the meaner subjects that neither for respect of what they might hope to gain or to free themselvs of that which others did paie they had exposed themselvs to so great hazard beeing no more then fiftie that did help or any waie advance this business which so nearly concerned all That without them the Iunta could do little the case bâ—eing weightie and dangerous That they trusted in God within eight daies the Iunta would have taken such a cours that Castilla should enjoie as much peace quietness and plentie as formerly for they wanted nothing but the Articles of the several Cities of the Kingdom to extract the best out of them which should bee printed and and sent through the whole Kingdom that every one might see the good which proceeded from the Iunta The Articles which were purged in the Iunta whereby they thought as they saie here to remedie and restore Castilla to its former condition shal bee punctually set down in the following Book In Valladolid they much rejoiced at this discours and were highly taken with the promises made them by the Iunta which filled them with a thousand good hopes but within seven months they found them all fruitless They offered willingly their estates and goods and to expose their lives in the defens of the Holie Iunta as they called it SECT XXXIII THe Cardinal and those of the Council prudently desired first to proceed with mildness and endeavor by fair persuasions to quench or at least mitigate the furie of that unnatural â—ire to that effect they sent to entreat the Iunta to assemble rather in Valladolid where the Council then was that there things should bee remedied to their liking and content Those of the Iunta having intelligence of this message sent one to meet him that brought it before hee could reach to Avila with command to charge him in their names under pain of death not to com into the Citie The Council seeing that they could prevail nothing by fair means sent to command and require the Junta not to assemble at all in regard it was a thing forbidden by the King and the Laws of the Kingdom without their Sovereign's leav That if they had anie thing to desire they should repair to the Council at Valladolid and they would join with them in Petition to the Emperor for the obteining and fulfilling their demands This also they refused to hear and sent the like message back to the Council by the Commendador Hinestrosa to whom they denied both audience and entrance into the Citie From that time forwards the Junta called them of Council Tyrants
the same trade as the former his name was Sorolla a pestilent audacious villain who amongst other wicked facts went to the Citie Hall when they were consulting about the Election of Iurates and with a confident impudence told those of the Regimiento in the name of his Confederacie that if they did not admit them to bee of the Regimiento those stones should flow with blood And his threats were accomplished for they made their Election according to the rights and custom of the Citie Whereat the people were so enraged that they committed those outrages which shall bee set down hereafter In this distemper and extravagant hare-brainedness Don Diego de Mendosa found the mindes of the people in Valencia when hee came to bee their Governor Sorolla Vicente Periz one Iohn Caro and other leading men of the Confederacie understanding that the Vice-Roy had been fully informed of their demeanors and of the state of things but yet dissembled the knowledg thereof out of fear considering what power and credite their Confederacie had with the people they complotted that Sorolla should hide himself in his own hous and that the rest should go up and down the Citie and acquaint all his friends and allies that the Vice-Roy had sent for Sorolla and that as they were informed hee either had already hanged him or was then about it and that for manie respects they ought not to let such a man suffer who was the defendor and mainteiner of the publick good This report beeing thus cunningly spread through the whole Citie so incensed the people's mindes that in an instant all was up in Arms Drums beating and Colours flying and in this manner they marched to the Vice-Roy's hous crying out Let the Vice-Roy die if hee deliver us not Sorolla The Vice-Roy and som Gentlemen that were in the hous at that time with him besides his servants defended the windows and doors where the assault was hottest all daie long and night beeing com as God would have it a good woman one of Sorolla's neighbors who having seen him in his hous and hearing that the people were storming the Vice-Roy's â—alace for hanging Sorolla shee went to the Bishop of Segorbe who lived close by and told him that shee had seen Sorolla safe and sound in his own hous but a little before Hereupon the Bishop went presently to Sorolla's hous which hee caused to bee broken open and finding where hee had hidden himself hee chid him throughly for his mischievous villanie but hee excusing himself said hee durst not go out of his doors The Bishop immediately gave order to saddle his mules and riding upon one himself and Sorolla on the other with manie Halbards attending him hee carried him quite through the Citie to the Vice-Roy's hous to the end the people might see Sorolla was neither dead nor a prisoner in the Vice-Roy's hous The Confederates seeing him alive with much joie they raised their siege which had continued all daie and almost all night After this they rescued a man likewise condemned to death for hainous crimes whom in regard hee had manie friends and kindred in the Cite the Vice-Roy had commanded to bee hanged assoon as he had confessed lest his friends should petition for him before hee was dead The thirteen Sindicos and Sorolla gave out that this man was condemned and to bee executed wrongfully which the people hearing went preâ—ently all armed to the prison and released him Tâ—en beeing possessed that the Vice Roy was about raising men to subdue them they environed his hous and put him to his shifts that hee was forced to send his Ladie out of the Citie and hee not daring to staie long after her with much ado escaped riding behinde another Gentleman upon a mule Hee having left the Citie in this manner all the Nobles and Gentrie followed him with their wives and Children retiring every one to their own houses The Vice-Roy beeing of kin to the Earl of Cozentayna carried the Vice-Queen to his hous The other Gentlemen having left their wives and children in secure places with what arms horses and men they could get togetâ—er repaired som to the Vice-Roy others to the Infante Don Enrique and to the Duke of Segorbe Don Alonso agreeing all unanimously to adhere to the Emperor's service against the Rebels All these Gentlemen's houses within the Citie the people plucked down or burned and plundered their goods a thousand more abominable mischiefs they did which I am ashamed to relate so cruel and unruly is that Beast the Common People when it hath broke the bridle They armed all the slaves and received manie Moriscos for souldiers From Cozentayna the Vice-Roy went to Xativa the Inhabitants of that Citie desired him to give them leav to muster upon St Bartholomew's daie which hee denying they marched out of the Citie in despight and contempt of him and mustered before his face The Vice-Roy hereupon fearing a second trick of Valencia retired into the Fort which those of Xativa perceiving they proclaimed that no bodie under pain of death should furnish him with victuals or anie provision whatsoëver Hereupon hee went from thence to Denia becaus if hee was pursued by land hee might escape thence by sea Those of Valencia hearing that the Vice-Roy was fled to Denia after that Xativa had rebelled against him resolved to seiz upon all the King's Revenues and Customs which to effect they went to the Custom houses and broke the Records took away the Books and spoke words which were wors then their deeds Those of Valencia seeing themselvs masters of the Citie the Vice-Roy and all the Gentrie beeing gone they ordered the Government thereof They appointed thirteen persons to govern and defend it whom they call'd the Thirteen of the Confederacie These Thirteen chose for the General of their Armie Iohn Caro who was a Sugar-baker and held intelligence with the whole Kingdom Insomuch that assoon as the news was heard of the Rebellion of Valencia and Xativa and that the Vice-Roy was fled presently the Citie of Oribuela the Marquisat of Helche did the like and at length there was no Citie or Town but rebelled also in imitation of Valencia treating the Gentrie and nobler Citizens with the like dis-respect and tyrannie And the Gentrie with their servants arms goods and all they could get joined together in their King's service So that which is a thing worthie of note and esteem there was not one Gentleman nor person of any birth or qualitie through that whole Kingdom that sided with that vile Commonaltie but valiantly and unanimously ventured their lives and fortunes in their Prince's service although hee was out of the Kingdom they suffered patiently their houses to bee pulled down their goods to bee burned their towns destroied and all to shew their fidelitie to their King The Citie of Oribuela chose for their Captain one Palomares who made himself so absolute Lord of those people beeing but a poor Serving-man that oftentimes hee
two whole daies they kept him besieged and Don Diego Sarmiento the Earl of Salinas with the Dutchess and the Countess their wives After this seeing himself the object of the people's malice and every hour in danger to lose his life hee conditioned with the people to let him go freely with all his familie out of the Citie Which beeing granted hee went to a Town of his called Briviesca This example of the People of Burgos made other places commit the like audacities against their Lords as Haro against the Earl of Haro Son to the Lord high Constable Duenias against the Earl of Buendia and also Naxara against the Duke although that Citie doth allege and prove that they rose not for the Commonaltie but for the King whose subjects and tenants they saie they are The Lord high Constable beeing at Briviesca very full of care and sorrow to see the Kingdom in so great distempers and so little probabilitie of any remedie about the middle of September arrived Lope Hurtado de Mendoça with dispatches and orders from the Emperor importing that hee should bee Governor of Castilla and Navarra joyntly with the Cardinal and the Admiral of Castilla Which having read hee presently accepted the Government of the Kingdoms But becaus the Commission was for them all three hee could not so suddenly execute the Command For the Cardinal was as yet at Valladolid and the Admiral in Catalunia in the Countie of Cabra whither the dispatches were sent to him who was of opinion to defer the acceptance of that Charge until his return into Castilla and to use som means in the interim to agree and accommodate the differences of the Commonalties as you have already heard Which difficultie beeing related to the Emperor beeing on the waie to Aquisgran where hee was Crowned hee sent other Letters dated the 17 October following with special command to the Lord High Constable that having assembled som of the Council hee should alone with them execute the charge of Governor of the Kingdoms provide for the remedying of the present disorders until such time as the Cardinal and the Admiral could com to join with him which hee did as shall appear hereafter SECT VII THe Lord High Constable seeing the remedie of the Kingdoms to lie upon his account although hee was much offended with those of Burgos without seeking any reparation of honor prudently endeavored by fair means and treatments full of courtesie to appeas that people and reduce them into the Roial waie of doing their Prince service for it was of no small importance for him at the beginning of his Government to gain that Citie and settle himself in it beeing the chief of Castilla and a place of such greatness and esteem Hee kept intelligence with som principal Gentlemen of Burgos by whose industrie the Citie was so well disposed and ordered that within a short time after hee became master of it This was the first symptom of the Countrie 's health and an Antidote against the desperate poison which had so infected the whole Kingdom The Lord High Constable together with the Citie committed to the Charge of Don Diego Lopez de Castro the government of the Castle of Lara with the territories thereof hee having first taken the Oath of Fealtie as hee was a Gentleman according to the order and manner of Castilla to keep it for the Emperor From this time forwards Burgos began to have an ill conceit of the Iunta disliking more and more their proceedings especially their ill treating of the Cardinal and those of the Council and sent to their Commissioners to com away from Tordesillas After which they wrote to Valladolid in testimonie of their Loialtie encouraging and persuading those of that Citie to do the like in order to their due obedience to his Majestie and the pacification of the Kingdoms SECT VIII THose of Valladolid beeing ill satisfied with the letters which they received from Burgos returned them no answer esteeming them people of small resolution or constancie and not fit to bee trusted Those of Burgos sent letters likewise to those of the Junta telling them manie things by way of exhortation and advice amongst the rest That they should leav the Queen in her free libertie to do what shee pleased and to let things remain in the same condition the Emperor had left them with other circumstances which were contradictoâ—ie to what formerly they seemed to desire Whereby it appeared that they declined the Interest of the Junta and favored the Lord High Constable's Partie Som other places of the Kingdom also began to bee more moderate by the Letters and promises which they received from the Cardinal and other Gentlemen of note SECT IX IN the Citie of Valladolid the people were still divided by several factions some transported with a blind zeal presâ—ed for obedience to those of the Iunta thinking whatsoever they ordained was good and holie others desired with no less earnestness that the Lord high Constable with those of the Council might bee re-admitted into the Citie deeming whatsoever was enacted without them to bee wicked and unjust And hereupon they spoiled and murthered one another like people without sense or reason Whereupon they wrote to the Lord Admiral who was their Countrie-man and neer neighbor giving him account of the troubles of the Kingdom and especially of the mischiefs which they feared would befall that Citie in particular Whereunto hee sent an answer with an extraordinarie sens of sorrow to see the danger whereunto the whole Kingdom was brought counselling and admonishing them to have a care left they lost themselvs Moreover in regard that Citie had been noted particularly for their Loyaltie to their King and for the relation hee had to it by his birth it grieved him to the soul to see it in such extream distraction which hee feared would not bee so easily remedied with several other expressions of affection and tenderness for their welfare But Valladolid did not set much by his admonitions at that time But afterwards though late they were better advised and they found in the Admiral the mercie which they did expect as shall bee set down hereafter SECT X. THe Letters from Burgos with the sedulous and prudent endeavors of the Lord high Constable made those of Valladolid to bethink themselvs a little and with a kinde of remors for what was past to begin to understand reason although the greatest part but not the best stickled hard to keep the Citie in obedience to the Iunta to the end they might compass their own ill designes After this the Lord high Constable sent to notifie his Commission to bee Vice-Roy and Governor together with the Cardinal and Lord Admiral to all the Cities of the Kingdom where it might conveniently bee done which beeing proclaimed in most places was obeyed Whereupon hee sent to all his kindred and friends ordering them to rais what forces they could possibly and dispatched messengers to all the Grandees
of the Commonaltie meerly for his own ends and that by means of these troubles and commotions hee might get possession of the Dukedom of Mâ—dina Sidonia which as hath been already said hee pretended was his right This Election did not digest well in Padilla's stomach who till then had executed the office of Captain General and presumed it should bee confirmed upon him and for his sake neither the Commissioners of Toledo nor of Madrid would give their Votes for Don Pedro. Iohn de Padilla beeing informed of all these passages before that Don Pedro Giron came to take his staff pretending I know not what occasion rode poste to Toledo and his men seeing their Captain gone would staie no longer in the Armie but the next daie took the same waie after him Notwithstanding all this Don Pedro Giron accepted the Charge and came to Tordesillas with fourscore Lances of his own appointed a Randevous for his Armie wherein hee was much assisted by the industrie and diligence of the Bishop of Zamora who brought to the service of the Iunta near five hundred men with arms of the antient Guards of the Kingdom for the rest were gone to the Lord High Constable hee brought moreover seventie Lances of his own and almost a thousand Foot four hundred whereof were Priests of his own Bishoprick besides the people of Zamora whom hee had at his devotion for by favor of the Junta hee had driven the Earl of Alva out of Zamora and made himself Master thereof Every daie came fresh supplies from the other Cities both of Hors and Foot all well armed and with them som Gentlemen and Commanders From Salamanca came Don Pedro Maldonado with about a thousand Foot Other Cities appointed those who were their Commissioners in the Junta to bee their Captains As Leon chose Gonsalo de Guzman son to Ramiro NunÌ„ez and the Citie of Toro Don Hernando de Ulloa who were their Commissioners and so likewise did other places Thus those of the Junta grew from daie to daie more powerful beeing resolved to end the business by force of Arms. Their mouths were all filled with reproachful and threatning language especially the Common-people's who called the Grandees and Gentrie of the Countrie Traitors enemies of the Kingdom saying they had destroied taken away their estates which availed them nothing but who can restrein a multitude Amongst other impertinencies they said That the Queen should do well to marrie the Duke of Calabria Don Hernando de Aragon son to Frederick last K. of Naples who since the time of the Catholick King had been kept prisoner in Xativa in the Kingdom of Valencia I believ this was onely put upon those of the Junta and that they neither did nor thought any such thing But the truth is their passion was grown to such an height that they never so much as named the Emperor in their Proclamations though they had sworn Allegiance to him as their King but all passed in the names of the Queen and Kingdom Insomuch that the hatred and enmitie betwixt the two parties became implacable and both made all preparations possible for a war In short time those of the Junta had put their forces in a readiness and equipage to march unto the field as was determined SECT II. 'MOngst these occurrences arrived the Lord Admiral at Medina de Rioseco where hee was met and received by all the Noble-men and Gentle-men who were com thither to the Cardinal with their Souldiers all armed and drawn up in Battle-Array Hee expressed much gladness to see so many gallant men and persons of such eminent qualitie Yâ—t hee had no intention to wade through blood to the accomplishment of his desires but rather by fair means if possible to settle the disturbed State of the Kingdoms which to effect hee left no stone unturn'd and at last hee obtained that three or four of the Commissioners of the Iunta should give him a meeting at Torrelobaton where they consumed five or six daies in treating but all his reasons persuasions and fair promisses could bring them to no reason Before they would harken to any proposition of his they demanded that the Lord high Constable should renounce and leav off the exercise of Vice-Roy and Governor which hee had begun to execute And whilest the Lord Admiral was thus treating with them the Iunta commanded a Proclamation to bee made against the Lord high Constable and the Earl of Alva de Lista as is before mentioned and other Noble-men And Don Pedro Giron with the Bishop of Zamora had orders to draw their Armie into the field which was seaventeen thousand Foot besides good store of hors and much Artillerie which had been brought from Medina del Campo Whereupon the Lord Admiral despairing of any Peace protested against them and returned to Rioseco beeing resolved to accept the Government joyntly with the Cardinal and the Lord high Constable in regard those fair conditions of agreement which hee offred were slighted and rejected Don Pedro Giron Captain-General for the Iunta and the Bishop of Zamoraâ— with his Souldiers and band of Priests marched out the 2â—th daie of November 1520 and quartered their Armie that night in Villabraxima Tordehumos Villagarzia and other places about Rioseco with intent to starve or drive the Cavaliers thence And indeed if the Commoners had been men at that time they might have done it From their head-quarters at Villabraxima they wrote to the Citie of Valladolid giving them an account of their advance and that before they fell upon Rioseco they would send a King at Arms to require the Lord Admiral and those of the Town of Rioseco to cast out those thievs and destroyers of the Kingdom as they called the Cavaliers if not that they would use means to take them and hinder the Cardinal's Government it beeing a thing contrarie to the Laws and Rights of the Kingdom SECT III. AFter this the Armie of the Iunta by waie of justification sent their Heralds or King 's at Arms to the Lord Admiral with the other Noble-men and Gentlemen then beeing in Rioseco requiring them not onely to leav that place but to go out of the Countrie and desiring those of the said Town to confirm themselvs to those of the Commonaltie in favor of his Majestie but this message was so ill resented that the Heralds found but sorrie entertainment being apprehended and disarmed by order from the Earls of Venavente and of Alva de Lista which beeing known by the Iunta's forces they presently advanced towards Rioseco The Bishop of Zamora marched in the Van with five thousand men fully resolved to do all the mischief hee could to the Cavaliers Hee was no sooner com to Villabraxima but the two hundred lances which the Marquis of Astorga had placed there took their heels flying with such disorder and haste that some of them lost their Arms before they could reach Rioseco and left the Place cleer for the Bishop who entering said Let
the reputation of him whose chief aim in this labor was to procure you both profit and pleasure as beeing Your affectionate Servant J. W. THE CIVIL WARS OF SPAIN THE FIRST BOOK SECT I. IN the year of our LORD 1500 which was according to the Hebrew account five thousand four hundred sixtie and one years after the Creation of the World from the Universal Deluge three thousand eight hundred and five from the Coming of Tubal to inhabit and people the then desolate Countrie of Spain three thousand six hundred sixtie and three from the Conquest of Cesar one thousand five hundred thirtie and eight from the Entrie of the Goths into Spain one thousand eightie and six and lastly from the Dominion of the Moors in that Countrie seven hundred eightie and six years Alexander the sixth then beeing Pope of Rome The Christian King Don Fernando and Donnia Isabel having reigned twentie seven years converted the Mezquitas or Moorish temples into Châ—istian Churches and purged the whole Kingdom of Paganism and Jewish Cerimonies beeing also the year of Iubilee at Rome for their comfort and to drie up the tears which sorrowful Spain ceased not to shed for the deceaâ— of tâ—eir Prince Don Iuan or Ioâ—n onely Son to the Catholâ—â—k King and Donnia Isabel his Queen and â—he Infanta Donnia Isabel their eldest Daughter who was married to Don Iuan or Iohn the Second King of Portugal in the Citie of Gant upon the Apostle â— t Matthias his daie beeing mundaie 25 Febâ—uarie was born Charls the fift Emperor and King of Spain begotten by Don Philip or Philip surnamed El Hermoso or the fair Arch-Duke of Austria on to the Emperor Maximilian the First and Donnia Maâ—ia sole daughter and heir to Charls Duke of Burgundie who had for her porâ—ion besides the said Dutchie of Burgundie the Dukedom of Brabant Flanders Limbourg Haynaut Hâ—lland Artois Zealand and Cueldres with other places thereunto belonging and Donnia Iuana second daughter to the fore-naâ—ed Don Fernando and Isabel. The Prince Don Miguel de la paz son to Don Iuan of Portugal and Don Fernandos eldest Daughter Isabel who by the right of his mother was to inherite the Crown of Castilla was yet living when Charls the Fift came first into the World the news of whose birth with the particulars of the place and time beeing carried into Spain his grandmother Donnia Isabel I know not by what prophetick spirit presently said Cecidit sors super Mattâ—iam meaning that the succession of those Kingdoms should fall upon Charls who was born upon that Saint's daie as it did and hee became the most potent Prince of the Christian World For Don Miguel de la paz dying in Julie following in the same year 1500 the inheritance of the Crowns of Spain descended to Donnia Iuana mother to the fortunate Prince Don Charls or Charls then bearing the title of Duke of Luxembourg SECT II. IN the year 1501 the Catholick Queen Donâ—ia Isabel of Castilia beeing fallen into a languâ—shing diseas and past hopes of â—ecoverie shee desired to see Don Philip and Donnia Iuana â—er daughter before her deceas Whereupon they took their waie through France where they were received and feasted in a Princely manner by King Lewis the Twelfth who treated with them concerning the marriage of his Daughter Claudia to their son Charls One of the Articles was That in case the said marriage should not bee consummated tâ—rough anie default of the said King of France the Emperor should invest and settle the Dukedom of Milan upon their son Don Carlâ—s Duke of Luxembourg And it so happened afterwards that the said match was broken off by tâ—e â—aid King Lewis which is a great Plea for the Crown of Spain against the Kings of France in the pretention of Milan Beeing arrived at Toledo where the Catholick King and Queen exspected them on Sundaie 22 Maie in the Cathedral Church they were sâ—orn Princes of Castilia and Leon Don Fernando and Donnia Isabel assisting at the Ceremonie with the Cardinal Don Diego Hurtaâ—o de Mendosa Don Fray Francisco de Xmenez Archbâ—shop of Toledo Don Bernardino de Valasâ—o Lord hâ—gh Constable of Castilia and Leon the Duke del Infantadâ— Duke of Alva Duke of Bejar Duke of Alburquerque and a mulâ—itude of other noblemen after which solemnitie the King went to Saragosa and the Queen with her Daughter and Don Philip went to Torisos Fuensâ—lida Casâ— Rubios and theâ—ce to Madrid from whence after â—om time Donnia Iuana went to Alcala de Henaâ—es where shee was brought to bed of the Infante Don Ferdinando or Ferdinand hee was baptized with exceeding great solemnitie by the Arch Bishop of Tolâ—do the Duke of Naxara and the Earl of Villena were his Godfathers and Madame de Luin his Godmother Which Ceremonie beeing past and Donnia Iuana throughly recovered shee and her husband whose presence was most earnestly desired in Flanders repaired both thither by the waie of France And beeing at the Citie of Lyons hee concluded the Peace betwixt his father Maximilian the Emperor Don Fernando King of Spain and Lewis the French King who again moved him about marrying the Duke of Luxembourg with his daughter Clavia who was to inherit the Dukedom of Britanie yet hee was the first occasion of breaking that agreement SECT III. IN the year 1505 a Parlament beeing call'd at the Citie of Toro in presence of the King Don Fernando with all the Grandees of the Kingdom and the Commissioners or Burgesses Donnia Isabel the Queen beeing deceased at Medina del Campo the Princess Donnia Iuana then beeing in Flanders was declaâ—ed Queen of Castilia and Leon and her son Don Carles heir and successor after her to those Kingdoms which pacified divers turbulent â—pirits and stopt the current of manie troubles and mischiefs that was like to overflow that Countrie This news was brought to Donnia Iuana then newly brought to bed of the Infanta Donnia Maria who was afterward married to the unfortunate King of Bohemia Lewis son to Uladislaus after whose death shee was Governess of Flanders for manie years and proved nothing inferior to her Brother in courage and other princely endowments onely shee was a woman Don Philip remaining still in Flanders with his Queen there grew such differences betwixt him and Don Fernando that finding an advantage in their absence Don Fernando sent Don Rodrigo Manrique his Embassador to the King of Portugal desiring him to give in marriage La Excelente otherwise called La Vâ—ltraneja thinking by virtue of her right and his powerful assistance to oppose Don Philip and make himself King of Castillia which argued no less weakness then Ambition in the Catholick King But the King of Portugal was so discreet as not to satisfie his desires aâ—d although hee had given his consent La Veltraneja would never have condescended thereunto for besides that shee was well stricken in years shee was altogether given to her devotion and valued not
the vanitie of anie earthly Crowns Having received this repuls hee agreed with Lewis King of France that hee should make the match betwixt him and Madam Germana daughter to Gaston de Foix and to the said French King's sister which was concluded upon this condition That King Lewis in stead of her Dowrie should grant and pass over to Don Fernando the right which hee pretended to the kingdom of Naples and that if the Queen should die before him without issue hee should succeed and inherit the same title but if shee should survive Don Fernando that Lewis should repossess the said claim These Articles beeing confirmed they made a Peace betwixt France and Spain for a hundred and one years but it scarce continued so manie weeks and Don Iuan de Silva Earl of Cifuentes with the Vice-Chancellor of Aragon went into France to attend and conduct her Majestie into Castillia SECT IV. THe Castillians in mean time beeing very desirous to have their Natural Sovereign amongst them importuned by frequent messages and invitations Donnia Iuana and her husband to return and bring their Children with them into Spain Whereupon Don Philip having provided a Fleet for the purpose they departed Flanders leaving the Prince Don Carles under the care and tuition of the Emperor Maximiliano and Donnia Margarita widdow to the Duke of Savoye and at last though tossed with much storm and tempests by the waie they landed safe at the Groyne in Galicia Don Fernando hearing of their arrival went to meet them betwixt La Puebla de Sanabria and Asturianos This interview occasioned no small discontent betwixt these Princes for Kings will admit of no competitors or Companions no not of their own châ—ldren in matters of Government and Command Whereupon Don Fernando forsaken by all but onely the Duke of Alva and the Earl of Altamira with som few others took his waie to Villafafila and Tordesillas and King Philip with his Queen to Venauente attended by all the Nobles and flower of Castillia besides strangers to the number of above two thousand hors One caus of their discord was about the title and inscription of Commissions Patents and other dispatches Roial which at last was determined and agreed that all things should pass in the names of Don Fernando Don Philip and Donnia Iuana But this style was soon altered by the unexspected dâ—ath of Don Philip which hapned at Burges hee had but seven daies of sickness which was thought to bee a surfeit and past from this life to the eternal on fridaie the fifth of September annoâ—â—0â— â—â—0â— beeing aged but twentie eight years and having enjoied the Kingdom of Castillia a year and ten moneths lacking one daie hee commanded that his heart should bee carried to Bruxels his bodie to Granada and his bowels to remain there His death was much lamented by the Emperor his Father for besides that hee was his onely son hee was one of the handsomest men of his time therefore hee was called Philip the Fair and the nobleness of his minde was answerable to the feature of his bodie Donnia Iuana his Queen was so sensible of his loss that with the extremitie of sorrow and her incessant weeping shee became in a manner distracted An old woman in Galicia seeing him at his landing and beeing told who hee was said That hee should bee a longer time and travel more leagues in Castillia beeing dead then living which proved so for the Queen carried his bodie with her from place to place and would not suffer it to bee buried for manie years after Hee left two sons Don Carles and Don Fernando both Emperors and three daughters all mightie Queens Donnia Leonor first reigned in Portugal and afterwards was married to the King of France Donnia Catalina was wife to Don Iohn the Third King of Portugal Aunt and Mother-in-law to Philip the Second of Spain And Donnia Maria had for her husband Lewis King of Bohemia and Hungaria SECT V. IN mean time Don Fernando beeing married to the Queen Germana and distasted in Castillia retired himself into Aragon from thence beeing upon his â—ournie to Naples the Castilliâ—ns gave him notice of Don Philip's death and of the necesâ—itie that there was of his Roial presence but hee refused to return beeing incensed against som of them for their ingratitude to him By the death of Don Philip and the absence of King Fernando divers tumults and seditions arose in the kingdom the people refusing to obeie the Magistrates and Officers of Justice and the Nobles wanted not factions and partialities amongst them to trouble and disquiet the Countrie and almost everie Citie throughout the Kingdom was infected with the same contagion Som crying up Charls or Don Carles others Fernando no small number stood for Maximiliano but verie few made anie mention of Donnia Iuana who whether out of a sens of her own disabilitie or overcom with melancholie for her husbands deceas had retired her self at Tordesillas refusing to govern or trouble her head with State-affairs Whereupon with the consent of most part of the Peers and Nobles of the Realm the Cardinal Ximenez Don Bernardino de Velasso Lord high Constable and Don Pedro Manrique Duke of Naxara took upon them the administration of Government for the present they made Don Alonso Suarez Bishop of Iaen President of their Council assisted by Doctor Tello el Licenciado Polanco and other learned Lawyers They called a Parlament wherein they ordered to send to Don Fernando desiring him in the name of the Queen and the whole Kingdom to return and undertake the Government for his Daughter and Grandchilde Which hee beeing more readie to accept then they to offer did not refuse but returned answer that having setled the business which had called him to Naples hee would satisfie their desires And after som time leaving Don Iuan de Aragon Earl of Ribagorsa his Vice-Roy hee embarqued himself for Spain with his Queen Germana Don Gonsalo Fernandez de Cordova commonly called the gran Capitan and a great train of Spanish Gentlemen that attended him in his voiage Beeing arrived at Valentia the Queen Donnia Iuana went to meet him whom hee received with signs of much affection and fatherlie tenderness which shee answered with all the honor and due obedience that could bee exspected from an observant Daughter for although the excess of sorrow had weakned her intellectual faculties yet shee never lost her respect to her Father but paied him with all humilitie and filial dutie neither was shee ever heard to utter anie mis becoming words which is common to people tainted with her infirmitie The eighth of October the King and Queens came to Arcos where Donnia Iuana desiring to staie Don Fernando went with his Court to Burges leaving her a good number of Noblemen and Ladies besides guards suitable to the dignitie of her person Som years after Don Fernando left the troubles of this transitorie life to enjoie the quietness and bliss of the
eternal in the sixtie fourth year of his age having reigned and governed as King fourtie two years compleat Som saie it was the Dropsie that brought him to his end others report that his young Queen to quicken his Spirit and thaw the ice that contracted the blood in his aged veins gave him a certein provocative potion which instead of raising a part cast the whole bodie into the grave After his death arose manie differences amongst the Grandees concerning the Government Adriano Dean of Lovain and Tutor to Don Carles produced a Commission which the young Prince had given him to succeed Don Fernando in the Government until his coming into Spain this was opposed by Cardinal Ximenez who alleged that by virtue of his Catholick Majestie 's last Will and Testament hee was to bee Governor of the Kingdom until the Prince should com himself or give som special order to the contrarie that Adriano's Commission was dated long before Don Ferdinando's deceas therefore not valeable besides that hee was a foreigner which was sufficient reason to bar his pretensions But at last they agreed to govern both together until they received further order from Don Carles This joint-Government continued a great while during which time several Grandees of the Kingdom were much discontented and murmured that a Frier and a stranger in a manner of the same stamp should bee raised to such a height above them as to rule and command the whole Kingdom and them they alleged that Don Fernando had no power to substitute or appoint anie one to administer the Government of that kingdom in regard that since the Catholick Queen 's death hee was not King but onely Governor thereof himself and that considering Donnia Iuana would not undergo the trouble of the Crown according to the Laws of that â—and they agreed that the Duke del Infantado the Lord High-Counstable and the Earl of Venavente should examine the Cardinal by what autoritie and power hee took upon him to bee Governor of those kingdoms Whereunto hee boldly made them answer By the Power of his Catholick Majestie And they replying that the Catholick King had no autoritie â—o to do hee led them to a brest-work which hee had made about the hous where hee then lodged and shewed them a great rank of Artillerie commanding his servants to discharge them all which don hee told them this is the power by which I do and will govern Spain until the Prince our Lord com to take charge of it himself they were not very well satisfied with this answer neither did that manner of discours bode anie good to the Kingdom Notwithstanding the oppositions and murmurations of the Grandees and others in Castillia the Cardinal continued at the helm in despight of all until his Majestie 's coming into Spain which was anno 1517. At which time the Cardinal finding himself indisposed was retired into a Monasterie of his own Order at Aquilera whither his Majestie beeing received at Valladolid sent him a letter thanking him for his former services and requiring him to repair with those of the Council to Mojados where hee might consult with him concerning the present settling of his affairs after which hee should bee eased of the weightie burthen of that troublesom emploiment and have libertie to solace and retire himself This Letter was said to bee penned by the Bishop Mota who envious of the Cardinal's power and studying nothing more then which waie to eclips his greatness perswaded his Majestie to write to him in those terms which his Eminence having perused it struck him into a high distemper and the violent passion of his minde joined with the infirmitie of his bodie increased his fever in such manner that hee rendred his soul into the Creator's hands within eight daies after and was buried at Alcala de Henares in the College of St Illefonso whereof hee was Founder After whose death the Arch-Bishoprick of Toledo was given to Guillermo de Croüy Bishop of Cambray and nephew to Monsieur de Xeures his Majesties chief favorite which bred no small discontent amongst the Castillians seeing the principal Jewel of their kingdom bestowed upon a foreigner Yet the general report was that the Marquis of Villena with other Grandees of Castillia desired and earnestly importuned his Majestie so to do and that of himself hee had no such Intention neither did Monsieur de Xeures ever mention it And it is not to bee thought that those Noblemen tooke pleasure in seeing anie stranger advanced above them in their own Countrie But they were induced hereunto out of hopes to ingratiate themselvs thereby to the Flemings and chiefly to Xeures who had the King's ear above anie at that time Such is the force and power of over-swaying Ambition which so bastardiseth and adulterate's the hearts even of Noble-men that they will descend or stoop to anie thing to currie favor with a Prince's Minion Don Carles at that time could not reckon above seventeen years and a half at most from his Nativitie which was a verie tender age to undergo so weightie a charge as was that of ruling so manie and so considerable Countries especially those of Spain where according to their Laws and Customs it never had been seen that a Youth so young and one that had been born and bred in foreign parts should sit in their King's Throne Hee understood no Spanish neither was hee acquainted with the inclinations and dispositions of the people therefore although hee was verie ingenuous and of as excellent and sweet a nature as could bee desired in a truly Christian Prince hee could do no less then suffer himself to bee advised and guided by som of more mature years and experience And having been bred and tutored from his infancie by Guillermo de Croüy Lord of Xeures who was Duke of Sora in the kingdom of Naples and afterwards Duke of Arschot in Brabant a man of ripe age solid Judgment and eminent parts answerable to his birth beeing descended of the illustrious stock of the Kings of Hungarie and recommended to bee his Governor by his Grandfather Maximilian the Emperor hee committed himself with the management of all State-affairs wholly to his wisdom and Xeures in matters concerning Spain beeing a stranger to that Countrie was led by Maestro Mota a Native of Burgos Bishop of Badajos and som other Castillians who were more ambitious then virtuous SECT VI. AFter the reception of the Prince Don Carles in Valladolid which was most splendid and magnificent all the Procuradores del Reyno or the Commissioners of the Kingdom were summoned to assemble in Parlament wherein the Castillians were highly distasted becaus the Lord Chancellor a Fleming assisted as President for his Highness and that other strangers were admitted to sit in Parlament Som of the Commissioners took the oath of Allegeance to his Highness as King others refused to acknowledg him to bee their King as long as
Saragosa both his Unckles to call a Parlament in his name ordering that the monie which should bee granted him therein by waie of Subsedie should bee all distributed amongst the aggrieved and needie of the Kingdom Don Alonsa de Cordona Admiral of Aragon and the Duke of Gandia with several other persons of account gave their Votes to acknowledg and swear his Majestie their King But the rest told the Cardinal Adriano and wrote besides to the Emperor that they would lose their wives Children and Estates rather then the Liberties and Privileges of their Countrie whereat the Cardinal much displeased returned to Court leaving the Citie of Valencia in great distraction the out-rages and disorders whereof shall bee hereafter more at large related SECT X. IT was agreed and his Majestie toke Oath in the Parlament at Valladolid That no Offices should bee given to strangers nor the kingdom surcharged with new Impositions but should continue in the same manner as was ordered by the Catholick King at a Parlament which hee called in Burgos Yet there was nothing less observed or wors kept then these Articles for the treasure of the kingdom was publickly exhausted and Offices were daily given to the Flemings who sold them to those that would give most monie and likewise divers spiritual livings were so bestowed which the Castillians seeing and taking notice how small account was made of the Grandees and Nobles Natives of that Countrie they began to bee distasted and muttered out manie things in a discontented manner which ought not to bee rehearsed These murmurings began from the time of his Majestie 's departure from Valladolid to Aragon which was in March 1518. And beeing in Barcelona som troubles arose about Segovia and Avila by reason of certain persons that had farmed the Customs and Roial Revenues which enhaunced the charges of the Countrie whereat those Cities much aggrieved the contrarie having been promised by the Emperor Elect in Parlament They acquainted the Citie of Toledo with their grievances and desired that all the Cities of the kingdom should make a joint-complaint thereof to his Majestie and appoint their Commissioners to importune him for a redress desiring him to stand to the Ordinances of Parlament made in Valladolid and to grant what hee then refused moreover that hee would visit the whole Kingdom before his departure into Germanie Whereunto the Lord Chancellor in his Majestie 's name made answer That hee would very speedily send an Express to give the Citie of Toledo thanks for their expressions of fidelitie to him and satisfie them more fully But the Empire beeing without Head hee could not defer his going thither to receiv the Crown and settle the Government which don hee would make all convenient haste back again into that Kingdom of Castillia whose good hee tendered in a very particular manner The Commissioners beeing answered the Chapter of Toledo as beeing the Chief of the Kingdom presented their grievances to his Majestie concerning the Tenth which the Pope had granted to him through all the Churches of the Kingdom complaining that it was a new heavie and intolerable tax and not onely grievous to the Ecclesiasticks but prejudicial to all his kingdoms That in former times when the said Kingdoms were over-run by Moors and Infidels although there were manie and bloudie wars which continued until the blessed reigns of the Catholick King Don Fernando and Donnia Isabel of glorious memorie his Grâ—ndfather and Grandmother who conquered the Kingdom of Granada and extirpated the Moorish race which wars were very necessarie and of extraordinarie expence yet there were no Tenths raised nor demanded It beeing an unheard of thing and a request as unjust as insupportable much less reason had his Majestie to require anie such thing of the Clergie his case beeing far different and his wars nothing so important That hee should rather encourage the Clergie to praie for his good success then diminish anie thing from their subsistence Praiers beeing of more avail then anie Martial Discipline as appears by the holie Scriptures wherein it is read that the victorie is more certainly obteined by the praiers of devout Priests then by the force of Horsmen and Arms. But if his Majestie 's temporal Revenue was not sufficient to maintein a just war in such case hee might demand assistance of the Church-men as far forth as the present necessitie did require wherein they would willingly supplie his Majestie making Levies amongst themselvs and rather abate their own subsistence then suffer him to bee disfurnished which they should not bee able to do if his Majestie in the verie beginning would exact a Tenth from them Divers other reasons they alleged in their Petition to his Majestie whereunto there was no time to give answer SECT XI MEan time the Emperor Maxmilian beeing dead and Charls the Fift beeing long before hee went thither to to take possession the People of Austria having lost all fear and respect of autoritie fell into the greatest disorder and mutinie that had been within compass of the memorie of man turning out and discarding all antient Officers of Justice and constituting others of their own combination the like they did with Ecclesiastical benefices The Loial Partie which was the fewer in number durst not open their mouths fearing the furie of the seditious vulgar who had possessed themselvs of all the Arch-Duke's Revenues and were grown to such a height of arrogancie that they sent to the Emperor beeing at Barcelona to ratifie and confirm what they had don for the publick Weal and good Government as they termed it of that Countrie and to allow the new Officers of Iustice whom they had constituted But the Emperor returned them such an answer as made them understand that hee knew himself to bee Arch-Duke of Austria and not they These distractions and perturbations continued in that Countrie almost two years after which his Majestie returning into Germanie pacified all those dissentions and factious spirits setled the Government and received the Imperial Crown as shall bee expressed hereafter Finis Libri Primi THE SECOND BOOK SECT I. IN this and the following Books I am to relate the the Insurrections or rising of the People commonly called Communidades or Communalties which continued in Spain from the year 1519 to 1522. A Subject truly very sad and unpleasant and which I would willingly pass under silence becaus som Illustrious Families Noble Cities and principal Towns of the Kingdom were interessed therein which never had been disobedient to their Kings but alwaies esteemed for their loialtie Neither do I conceiv that they thought anie waie to disserv his Majestie but rather to releas him out of that oppression as I may term it in which his Favorites held him And it is manifest in that they so earnestly importuned and petitioned that their King would not go out of the Kingdom that they desired and delighted to see and enjoie his Roial presence which was no sign that they intended to
hee wanted Judgment as well as years neither was hee of a Talent fit to govern by these prejudicial Censures of their Prince which were for som time generally noised abroad amongst the People likening him to his Mother Som that never had seen him said It could not bee otherwise and that for that respect onely Xeures would suffer no bodie els to confer with him lest hee should too much discover his own imperfections Others that had been admitted to speak with him much vindicated his honor in that particular protesting That they found him verie discreet and of no mean capacitie That hee was no way guiltie of those pretended weaknesses but his Favorites infinitely to bee condemn'd neither was it to bee wondered at if hee suffered himself to bee governed by them in regard hee was but a youth and unacquainted with the Customs of that Countrie and the dispositions of the People Those that have near relations about the Persons of Kings ought to bee verie careful and circumspect how to avoid the occasions of Murmurings and Envie considering that Kings are like that Sun which diffuseth his light to all SECT IIII. THe whole Countrie of Castillia was imbrued with these factious discourses before they ever thought of the departure of their King and Emperor as will appear by the Letters which were interchangeably sent from Citie to Citie But when they heard of his resolution to bee gon and that his calling of a Parlament would enâ—reas their Contributions and Taxes they out-stript the bounds of patience The principal Causses of their Commotions were these three ensuing First to see the King go out of that Kingdom beeing alwaies accustomed to keep their Courts in Spain for when King Alonso the Wise deserted it out of an ambitious covetousness of possessing th' Imperial Scepter hee not onely lost that Kingdom but was incumbred with insurrections not of the Common people but of Kings and Princes thâ—t levied arms against him Their second grievance was To see all Offices and places of Honor Trust or Profit conferred upon strangers The third was an universal crying out That the Treasure of Spain was all transported into foreign Nations And wee may add for a fourth Reason That in that verie occurrence som evil Star dispersed the malignitie of it's influence over all Castillia Sardinia Sicilia and Austria which at one instant were all infected with the same poison as if they had all conspired and agreed together This they made the ground of their insurrections becaus their King left them to live in a strange Countrie becaus their wealth was exhausted and their Countrie impoverished to inrich foreigners and becaus the high Treasurer-ship was given to Xeures and the Arch-Bishoprick of Toledo to William de Croy his Nephew and all presentations to spiritual preferments and other Offices to strangers But that which they chiefly resented was the King's going to the Empire and had they really wished him ill in his own person they would not have been so sensible of his departure I cannot let pass with silence the audacitie of a certain gentleman of those parts named The Martial Don Pedro who refused to swear Alleageance to Charls as King alledging that in regard hee was not born in Spain nor descended from the blood of the Castillian Kings by the Father's side hee was not obliged to acknowledg him but like a true Castillian to keep strictly that Oath and Loialtie to his Countrie and the precedent Kings Upon which words hee was apprehended his goods confiscate and his person committed close prisoner in the Castle of Atienza The Emperor after this coming to Valladolid sent for him and promised him that if hee would yet take the Oath hee should not onely bee enlarged but bee restored to the quiet possession of his whole estate as formerly which favor beeing refused hee was thence carried to the Castle of Simancas where hee ended his life through his own indiscreet obstinacie Som men through a desperate fool-hardiness think it a piece of courage and gallantrie to precipitate themselvs into the most eminent dangers SECT V. THe Citie of Toledo extremely discontented at these Passages especially at the Emperor's going away without beeing known or seen wrote to the other Cities of Castillia this ensuing Letter A Letter from Toledo to the Cities of CASTILLIA Worshipful Noble and most Virtuous Sirs IN regard somtimes wee have written to you in particular you may wonder why wee now write to you all in general But considering the imminent necessitie that there is in this case and the danger that may ensue by deferring anie longer wee shall rather bee condemn'd as beeing too slack for not doing it before then thought importunate for doing it now You know and may remember how vehemently King Charls our Soeverign Lord's arrival in Spain was desired of all and how sudden is his departure from us his absence now is no less torment to Us then his Presence at that time afforded us delight and comfort the long continuance of his Roial Person in the Kingdom of Aragon and the small time hee hath vouchsafed to reside in this our kingdom of Castillia hath been a great occasion that the affairs of this kingdom are yet in so unsettled a condition And if his Majestie doth go away as hee hath determined the longer wee delaie the wors our case will bee Therefore Sirs our opinion is if you think good since the damage is universal That 't were convenient that wee should all meet and consult upon a remedie the business is of no small moment besides in manie other particular things Sirs wee finde an extreme necessitie of your advise and after your advise wee shall have as much need of your favor and helping hands Wee finde three principal things that require our convening that wee may advise upon som good cours for the expedition of them It will bee needful that wee dispatch som messengers to his Majestie humbly beseeching him First not to depart Spain Secondly that hee would by no means permit our Treasure to bee transported hence Thirdly that no strangers may bear office in this kingdom Sirs wee beg thus much favor of you that having read our Letter you forthwith send us your answer for it is necessarie that those who are to carrie our Messages should go together and make their Propositions all at once for our demands beeing in the names of the whole kingdom wee shall obtain a more significant and speedie Answer God keep his Majestie and preserv his Noble Person From Toledo this 7 th November 1519. The contents of this short Letter were much approved of by the Readers but in that Occurrence of time they were of dangerous consequence for the ill managing of the affairs of Castillia was generally much resented and this Letter bred no mean varietie of thoughts in the alreadie wounded hearts of the suffering People it did this mischief that all men suspecting wors evils unanimously said Since Toledo lift's
up the hand som great disaster must befal this Kingdom They all returned their answers although the Citie of Burgos disapproved their general meeting Granada answered that they should do better to exspect another opportunitie and carrie a more specious form Salamanca and Murcia were not backwards in their promises and fair offers but they did not agree in that particular touching the general Assemblie yet all wrote that they would send their Burgesses as Agents who in the Parlament should bee conformable to the Toledians Sevil answered neither yea nor no. These answers puff'd up the Spirits of the Toledians and Hernando de Avalos brother to Don Iohn de Ribera who was chosen for Procurador that is Burgess and Commissioner associating himself with Iohn de Padilla were the chief sticklers for that Caus and although the Emperor wrote to them no reason would satisfie but they answered that they understood in so doing to do him service SECT VI. SOon after was publisht through the whole kingdom the Emperor's determination to go into Germanie to receiv the Imperial Crown Everie one lamented his departure out of a presaging fear that those so long contracted fogs of murmuring Discontent condensing more and more through the privation of his resplendent presence might at last break forth into som furious storm of intestine Commotions to the ruine of their whole Countrie Which Consideration meeting with the complaints and general grievances of the whole Kingdom they began at length to mutter out their resentments in these following words That the King shewed verie small affection to that Countrie and despising it as too mean for him would betake himself wholly to Germanie That Xeures had robbed Spain of all her Treasure That the King beeing at Burgos Capital Citie of Castillia did not staie one week there That Xeures would not have the Parlament to bee in Valladolid although all the Grandees and divers others of the Kingdom had petitioned for it That Don Pedro Giron had given the King som unbeseeming Language which hee thought good to put up becaus hee was not man enough to punish his temerarious audacitie That Xeures had called a Parlament but for no other end then to charge the Kingdom with a new Cessment of four hundred thousand Duckets From these and such other seeds of discontents sown amongst the Common People grew suddenly a multitude of turbulent Imaginations in their factious hearts and the seditious Clergie casting the oil of their pretended Religious Doctrine into the fire of the People's ill-grounded zeal made the flame blaze the higher pricking them daily forwards with their sacrilegious Exhortations in the Pulpits in these or like words Why do you that are a Free born Nation suffer such exorbitancies Why do you suffer strangers to reap the fruits of your labors in your own Countrie You have not yet fully paid the Cessment that was granted to the King in the last Parlament and yet hee will impose more Taxes on you till hee hath swept this kingdom clean and quite beggar'd us to inrich his Germane Nation and there 's Xeures who was but a private Gentleman in Flanders hath made himself one of the richest men in the world by the spoils of us Castillians SECT VII THe Emperor beeing at Valladolid and the People's mindes much distracted with these several grievances hee sent for the Corregidores Regidores and all other Publick Magistrates to his Palace Upon their appearance hee told them that beeing then to go into Germanie to receiv the Imperial Crown hee was in great distress for want of monies to defraie his charges to which hee desired they would not onely give their consents but bee assistant in the raising of three hundred Millions of Marauediz which might bee easily don in Castillia by waie of Subsidie and Pole-monie everie Town paying according to their qualitie and Cessments Presuming that if those of Valladolid subscribed the other places of the Kingdom would not bee backwards to answer his exspectation And in case they did satisfie his desires therein hee promised to grant them all the Favors their Burgesses or Commissioners should demand of him in Parlament There was present at this Conference the Arch-Bishop of Santjago the Bishop Mota the Earl of Venavente the Marquis of Astorga and Xeures who was never from the Emperor's elbow Those of Valladolid desired som time to give in their answer but they said They could see no possibilitie of effecting what the Emperor demanded of them Thence began tumultuous meetings in the streets Conventicles and outragious murmurings insomuch that they were even readie to rise in arms against the Flemings At last Valladolid returned the Emperor this answer That they humbly desired his Majestie would bee pleased to staie and make his residence in their Countrie and that upon those terms hee should not onely command the three hundred Millions hee desired but they would furnish him with much more and if need required they would not stick to part with their lands and goods but fell their Children also to do him service But in their opinions that hee should go away and deprive the kingdom of his Roial Person besides that vast summe monie which hee desired to carrie into forreign Countries seemed verie unreasonable and they would sell nothing to further anie such designe neither did they believ that God required they should paie him anie such obedience Upon this answer of Valladolid there were several meetings and Consultations but they prevailed nothing But the Emperor's Favorites against whom Castillia was chiefly incensed Viz. Xeures Don Garzia de Padilla and Mota Bishop of Badajos went again to the Magistrates desiring them that they would consider well upon his Majestie 's demands since the performance thereof was so important to his present service and so easie for them to accomplish that the necessitie of his going to receiv the Imperial Crown was extremely urgent and redounded not a little to the reputation and honor of that Kingdom That they should look upon what Castillia had furnished to King Alonso the Wise when hee went into Germanie upon a pretended claim of the Empire and how much more reason they had to do the like now which they might well do the Kingdom beeing in a far better condition That the King undertook not that voiage as Don Alonso did upon a doubtful matter his business was already most certainly concluded and agreed upon This was closely followed for during the three daies time which the Emperor staied in Valladolid The Gentrie Magistrates and Burgesses of the Town with Bishop Mota whom the Emperor had sent to entreat them to condescend to his desires did nothing els all daie and night but go from the Court to the Town-hous and back again the Bishop of Osma Don Alonso Enriques and som of the Magistrates were of opinion that they should do well to satisfie his Majestie 's desires Others stood strongly to the contrarie and turned their Opponents out from their consultation with manie
hours together and the result of their conference was That it seemed they took it verie ill to bee thus forbidden the Court therefore it was agreed that in testimonie of their obedience they should go onely four or five leagues from Santjago and should leav som bodie in their steads to put him in minde to sollicite the Emperor to revoke their banishment The next daie beeing Tuesdaie in the morning they went away lâ—aving Alonso de Ortiz onely to sollicite Xeures and to put him in minde of what was agreed betwixt them and to tell him that Don Pedro Lasso and Don Alonso Suarez were gon to Padron four leagues from Santjago in obedience to his Majestie 's Commands Alonso de Ortiz returned to the Palace and meeting Covos hee desired him to help him to the speech of Xeures Xeures beeing com forth Ortiz beseeched him to perform what hee had promised to those gentlemen Xeures told him that hee had moved it alreadie to the Emperor but could not prevail And that for ought hee saw there was no remedie but that they must obeie the extremitie of his Commands Ortiz replied that they should have a care what they did therein and that it would not redound to the Emperor's service not so much becaus those Commissioners were of the chief gentrie of the Kingdom as that they were deputed and sent by the Citie of Toledo who must take upon their accompt what trouble or injurie soever they suffered in regard they had done nothing beyond or contrarie to that which their Citie had encharged them for the good of the Kingdom Xeures answereâ— that they had not shewn the respect which they oweâ— to their King and for that they deserved the punishmenâ— which hee had inflicted upon them and much more Ortiz replied That since hee had the greatest privacie and freedom with his Majestie hee was the more obliged to see to this matter and to consider with attention that the whole Kingdom knew that Toledo had sent those gentlemen to treat of that which concerned them all and that seeing them thus banished the Court they would not think it was for anie disrespect to his Majestie for if any such thing were they deserved double punishment but that they were turned out of the Court that they might not solicite the Kingdom 's good and thereupon they would bee all scandalized and such mischiefs would insue as they would not bee able to remedy when they listed Whereto Xeures very formally thus replied what lightness is this of Toledo what lightness I say is the King no King why doth no body think of putting Kings in and out at their pleasure Alonso Ortiz answered again that hee wondred hee should speak so much against Toledo it beeing of such consequence that it was reputed the best and most considerable Citie of the Kingdom and had the greatest priveleges and immunities which the natives did enjoie for the notable services they had don to the deceased Kings Therefore it could not bee thought that Toledo treated or intended anie thing but what might suit with his Majestie 's service Moreover if hee pleased to look upon what gentlemen had gon into Flanders to serv his Majestie against King Fernando's will venturing there not onely their own lives and fortunes but their friend's and Kindred's also hee would finde that the most of them were of Toledo And that those of that Citie were the cheif means of paying the subsidies to King Phillip And since that Citie produced such gallant men hee ought not to beleiv that It 's intention ever was other then to do his Majestie service The Secretary Francisco de los Covos heard all this discours These and divers other means the Toledian Commissioners used by favor of som great one 's about the Emperor to obtain a revocation of their banishment but nothing would do for Xeures and other Castilians of the privie Council opposed it Don Alonso Suarez prudently considering that their business was foyled and in danger of beeing utterly lost performed what hee was commanded and never after put himself into those troubles neither did hee meddle during all the commotions of Castilla whereby hee lost nothing Don Pedro Lasso did the like though late not understanding sooner that hee disserved the King Thus ended the Embassage of Toledo which was so boldly and couragiously performed by these gentlemen Before the Emperor departed from Santjago hee installed Knight of the Order the Earl of Santisteuan the Marquess of Villena's son The ceremony was celebrated with great solâ—mnity at the great Altar in Santjago's Church SECT XIX ON Tuesday in the Holie week before Easter a Post came from Toledo with an express to recall their Commissioners This Post was dispatch't before there was any notice of their beeing banished from Court Hee brought letters to his Majestie som from the Assemblie of the Citie others from the Chapter of their Cathedral Church and from the Monasteries and Fryeries humbly begging therein a favorable treatment of their Commissioners not as yet knowing what had passed Moreover they mentioned how Don Antonio de Cordoua the Earl of Cabra's brother their Governor then beeing at Toledo had produced certain orders from his Majestie to Iohn de Padilla Hernando de Avalos and Gonsalo Gaytan whereby they were commanded to make their personal appearance at Court within a certain time under penaltie for default The reason that Toledo gave why these gentlemen did not obey was that they were emploied about som affairs concerning the publick good and that their absence would bee prejudicial to the whole Citie And therefore they beseeched that his Majestie would suspend his command for the present The gentlemen that stayed at Padron sent this dispatch with the instructions they had from Toledo to Alonso Ortiz who remained at Court Hee presently went to the Monasterie of San Salvador half a league from the Citie where the Emperor had retired himself for the Holie week and desired to enter to deliver the letters to his Majestie but hee found no admittance Meeting Secretarie Covos hee acquainted him with his business and told him that hee had letters to deliver to the Emperor from Toledo Covos told Xeures this who forthwith sent for Ortiz and bad him give him the letters But Ortiz desired to bee excused for hee had order to deliver them into the Emperorâ—s own hands and to none els Xeures told him that the Emperor having received the Sacrament that morning was yet at his devotion and hee could not speak with him Then they fell to discours again about those gentlemen's banishment and grew so hot at it that Xeures went away distasted and Ortiz remained with small satisfaction A little after Covos came and told Ortiz that Xeures called him Ortiz went and Xeures told him that resolvedly hee could say nothing as touching their banishment so without any more words hee went into another room Ortiz stayed behinde with Don Garcia de Padilla who blaming exceedingly the
The Cardinal made them a thousand congies and excused himself saying that hee never commanded Medina to bee burned nor had any hand in the other mischiefs quite contrarie it grieved him to the very soul to hear what Fonseca had done And beeing desired by the Citie and thinking it to bee convenient himself hee commanded to bee proclaimed publickly that all those that were with Antonio de Fonseca should leav him and return to their houses and hee sent his express order to the same effect to Antonio de Fonseca commanding him to disband his men reserving onely what was necessarie for the guard of his own person in regard it was not possible to maintein an Army in those parts having no means nor place where to raise monie for their subsistance Fonseca was inforced to obey conforming himself to the time so taking a partie of hors with him hee went out of the Kingdom for all in that Countrie were his deadlie enemies and hee had no mind to bee surprised by them in Arevalo or either of his Towns of Coca or Alaejos but leaving them well fortified and his son Don Fernando in Coca hee passed into Portugal and thence by Sea into Flanders with the Judge Ronquillo SECT IV. ABout this time Caceres in Estremadura and the Citie of Iaen in Andaluzia where as yet the diseas had not broke out began to cry up the Commonaltie So that Don Rodrigo Mexia Lord of Santa Eufemia who had a great partie beeing born in that Citie labored and used all means possible to hinder the people from the outrages and mischiefs which were done in other Cities and not beeing able to bridle and restrain their furie otherwise hee took upon himself the charge of the Justice and Commonaltie Manie other Gentlemen made use of the like prudent dissimulation not beeing able to do otherwise Badajoz also beeing in the like distemper was quieted by his good industrie they of Badajoz took a fort from him that kept it for the Earl of Feria There is no reason why the Andaluzians should bee held any better then the Castillians for in all places the dissentions were much alike and their demeanors as if the common people had agreed and contracted together som yeares before SECT V. UBeda and Baeza were divided into two parties between the Venavides and the Caravajales both noble and ancient families in Castilla Don Luis de la Cueva cozen german to the Duke of Alburquerque was Captain of the Venavides Caravajal Lord of Todar which is a Village two leagues from Ubeda commanded the other partie In these factions there was so much animositie that one daie Don Luis de Ubeda coming in a litter for hee was an old man was set upon by Caravajal Lord of Todar attended by an hundred hors who gave him so manie thrusts with his lance that hee killed him in his litter This done hee was carried back to Ubeda where the manner of his death beeing related to his son Don Alonso and their kindred to revenge his father's death they went to the Village of Todar where they killed and cut the throats of all they could lay hands upon and afterwards set fire to the Village in manie places that some that hid themselvs in their houses were fain to leap out at the windows to avoid the fire The destruction and crueltie was so great that they reckoned of killed and burned about two thousand persons men women or children and onely the ruines of some houses in the village remained But indeed though these Gentlemen were Loyall like Noble persons yet it was so that in this there was more of passion and particular grudge and hatred then anie matter of Commonaltie For neither the Venavides nor those of la Cueva ever were Commoners or pretended to disserv the King But in these places with the occasion of the Kingdom 's beeing in a hurly-burly they made use of the Common Interest to revenge their private passions And it is apparent that if these Gentlemen did follow the Commonaltie as wishing it well yet they were none of their Captains SECT VI. CUenca in imitation of other Cities rose also and committed the like disorders In this Citie was Captain of the Commonaltie one Calaborra and with him a Bridle-maker whom the whole Citie obeied as their Lords And there beeing a person of principal note and power in the Kingdom Luis Carrillo de Albhornoz Lord of Torralva and Berreta they so much slâ—ghted him that hee was inforced to dissemble and sumâ—on all his reason and prudence to persuade his heart to brook it Their audaciousness grew to that pass that hee riding upon his mule through the street a Rascal of the Common sort struck him over the buttock saying in a scoffing manner Go thy waie Luis Carrillo hee was glad to let this pass the times not permitting him to do otherwise Luis Carrillo was married to Donia Inez Varrientos de Manrique a Ladie of a Masculine courage who desiring to revenge the injuries and affronts done to her husband and to stop and take off the opprobrious taunts of the people she invited the Captains of the Commonaltie to Supper and having well loaden their heads with wine shee caused them to bee carried to sleep in several chambers and beeing dead with sleep and the vapors of the wine shee commanded her servants to cut their throats and hang their bodies out at the windows next the street SECT VII AVila was the seat where all the Cities made their Assemblie Here they did such disorders as the loyal Citie of Avila ought not to have permitted The Common people were the onely Actors thereof for the Gentrie still persevered in the fidelitie of their Ancestors And becaus Antonio Ponce like a loial Gentleman would not swear to follow the Commonaltie they began to pluck down his hous but did not beeing hindred by som other Gentlemen The rest as in other Cities did swear and took the Engagement of the Commonaltie som willingly som becaus they did not rightly understand themselvs and others out of fear They would have pluckt down the hous of Diego Hernando de Quiniones becaus hee had granted the Subsidie beeing their Commissioner in the last Parlament but som good men intervening hindered the executing of their Purpose They had possessed themselvs of the Fort if Don Gonzalo Chachon Lord of Cassarruvios seeing the Commotions in most parts of the Kingdom and that Toledo had taken the Fort from Don Iohn de Silva and Segovia would have done the like to the Earl of Chinchon had not prudently and with dissimulation provided it hee beeing Governor thereof with Munition Arms and men taking them in by night and hiding them by daie The Fort beeing thus Ammunitioned when the Common-people ple flocked thither to take it they found greater resistance then they exspected And the Citie perceiving they might bee much damnified by the Fort and those of the Fort likewise by the Citie they treated of an
generous spirit and the sens of Loialtie which was Hereditarie to that noble familie I do not finde that any of the Grandees of Castilla were very forward to break the ice in this undertaking though afterwards like honest men they all set their helping hands The Lord High Constable at first prudently feared the Event and was loth to engage himself in so perillous an enterprise hazarding no less then his life and whole estate in endeavouring to oppose so manie especially without arms monie or order from the Emperor For the enemies were very manie and powerful no less then thirteen of the most considerable Cities of Castilla with divers other Towns and Villages beeing declared for the Commonaltie besides that many Gentlemen of qualitie great estates much animated against the Emperor and his Ministers had involved themselvs in the same Interest It vvas an attempt of so much consideration and danger that the other Grandees thought it the best vvay seeing they vvere not able to do otherwise to sit still and look on and manie of them advised the Lord High Constable to do the like But his Ladie Donia Maria de Tovar onely daughter and heir to Don Luis de Tovar Marquis of Berlanga beeing one of the discreetest and most magnanimous Ladies in all Spain of her time was not of the opinion of those that gave her husband that Counsel but she never ceased representing to him the advancement of his Majestie 's service and that for the good of the Kingdom hee ought to resist and suppress the exorbitances of the insulting Commoners although hee put himself to the hazard of losing both life and fortune in regard hee bare the Office of Lord High Constable Captain General and the second person of the Kingdom next his Majestie The Dutchess beeing at her own hous at Haro wrote to the Lord High Constable her husband this ensuing Letter which is worthie to bee Chronicled The Dutchesse's letter to the Lord high Constable YOur Letter I received by Pedro de Velasco And my opinion is since his Majestie from the place where hee is doth what hee can to give you his power and Revenue here That you determine to preserv it For if hee lose his right no wonder if you and all those that have done what they were obliged to do bee dispossest of your's But if you maintain his interest you and his other Servants will bee all secured That which in my judgment your Lordship and the Lord Admiral are now to do is to raise men and monie with all possible expedition and trie your fortunes I write to Pedro de Melgosa to use all means and shifts that may bee to procure you monie The greater the danger more glorious is the attempt Trust in our Lord God for since herein you doe both him and the King service bee confident hee will bee favourable and give a blessing to your indeavors So becaus I intend to write more at large to you by the Treasurer I rest praying God to preserv your Lordship's most Illustrious person with more tenderness then I wish to my self From Haro this 19th of June 1520. Finis Libri Tertii THE CIVIL WARS OF SPAIN THE FOURTH BOOK SECT I. THere is no Republick or Change of Government whatsoëver so barbarous as to bee ignorant how important and necessarie a Cement Concord is to make it long subsist Wherefore those of the Iunta dreading and not without caus the dangeâ— wherein they stood desired the Citie of Valladolid to agree and bee all of one heart for the high consequence of the matter wherein they were ingaged did require it promising them that within fevv daies they should see the Ordinances which with incessant labor and watching the Holie Iunta had agreed to publish and dispers through the whole Kingdom whereby they hoped to make that Republick flourish as one of the most happie and best governed in the whole world The people were big with glorious hopes of injoying a second golden Age and those of the Iunta were so well pleased with the thanks and applaus of the People that their Ordinances beeing finished they resolved to send them to the Emperor by two Gentlemen and a Frier not doubting but therefore his Majestie would confer som honorable dignities upon them But what these were I will not mention onely I may say that hee was so incensed at their message that they held it a great mercie they escaped with their lives They wrote moreover a kinde of requisitorie letter for the Cities and Towns where their Embassadors were to pass and therein they inclosed their Letters to the Emperor with the Articles and Ordinances which in the name of the Kingdom they desired his Majestie to confirm and though already I have declared the substance thereof I will set them down in the same form they sent them that the curious and patient may read and see the pretensions of the Commonalties and what the Kingdom demanded Let every one judg what reason they had for my own part I will neither excuse nor condemn them but onely relate faithfully the truth which is as much as can bee required of mee considering my office In their Letters to the Emperor they give his Majâ—stie an account of all the troubles and insurrections of the Kingdom which they told him proceeded from the evil Counsel which his Majestie entertained about his Roial Person who for their disordinate Covetousness private passions and interests besides other sinister ends they said might more properly bee styled the Deceivers Cheaters and Enemies of his Majestie 's Kingdoms and the publick good thereof then Counsellors such as they ought to bee For they were the occasion that the Kingdom of Castilla which abounded in riches and all other things that could bee required of the most opulent and flourishing Kingdoms of the World was now beecom the poorest and most miserable of all the neighboring Kingdoms Which did not onely concern the publick but was also particularly prejudicial to his Majestie 's Roial Patrimonie and which was insufferable That the desolation of his Majestie 's Kingdoms and the exhausting of his treasure to his own exceeding inconvenience and the ruine of his subjects was to no other purpose then to enrich his evil Counsellors and divers other persons strangers who bare no affection to his Majestie nor had any zeal to advance his service or the publick good but to build their own fortunes Next they complained that the Commissioners of several Cities who desired his Majestie in the name of the Kingdom at Santjago and the Groyn not to demand any Subsidies were by his Counsel sentenced rather worthie of punishment then audience and order given that they should not bee admitted to sit in Parlament but bee confined and banished som of them to the remotest parts of the Kingdom That since his Majestie 's departure out of the Kingdom the Cardinal with the President and rest of the Council had given Commissions to Antonio de Fonseca
and the Alcalde Ronquillo to sack and make desolate the Citie of Segovia notwithstanding they sent to excuse and submit themselvs to the Council and that becaus of their so rigorous proceeding they sent to Toledo and other Cities for assistance who before they raised any forces to succour them desired the Cardinal and Council by waie of Petition to deal more favorably with those of Segovia but receiving no satisfactorie answer they sent an Armie into the field They aggravated the crueltie of Antonio de Fonseca in burning Medina whereby the Town was endammaged above two millions of Ducates and which occasioned the rising of divers other places They declared how the Queen had commanded the Iunta to remove from Avila to Tordesillas That they had undertaken the care of the Queen's person and put the Marquis of Denia and his Ladie from her holding them destructive to the advancement of the publick good They alleged reasons for dissolving the Council which his Majestie had settled before his departure And why they paied their Armie out of his Majestieâ—s Revenues At last they desired his Majestie would bee pleased to grant and confirm all those Articles which their Embassadors should present him from the Kingdom the intent and scope of them beeing meerly for his good and the peaceable Government by regulating and repairing the miseries and great dammages that had been occasioned through the evil Counsel of those which thitherto had abused and mis-led his Majestâ—e urging moreover that for the benefit of the Publick and the improving of his Roial Patrimonie it was necessarie and expedient that until such time as his Majestie should appoint other persons of better temper and uprighter intentions to reside in his High Council then the former were his Majestie should give power to those Cities and Towns which had Vote in Parlament to provide and see to the Administration of Justice and other things wherein those of his Council ought to have been more circumspect and moderate And also that hee would revoke the Commissions and Autoritie which hee had sent to the then ruling Governors becaus they were men whom the Kingdom could not endure Besides this letter to the Emperor they sent another to those of the Citie where hee then was desiring them to join with them in supplication to his Majestie and procure his consent and approbation of all the Kingdom 's desires in regard they tended to his Majestie 's service the publick good of the Kingdom the increasing of his Roial Patrimonie and were exceedingly conducing to a peaceable and quiet government Dated from Tordesillas the 20th of October 1520. Under the the Letter was written I Lope de Pallares Secretarie of the Parlament and Iunta of the Kingdom caused this to bee written by their Command SECT II. ARTICLES Of The KINGDOM DON CARLOS and DONIA IUANA c. To our Infantes well-beloved Children Brothers and Dukes Greeting Know yee that for the remedying and repairing the great dammages and exorbitancies which have been and are in our Kingdoms of Castilla and Leon by reason of the former evil Counsel and Government of our said Kingdoms The Commissioners or Procuradores of those Cities and Towns that have Vote in Parlament are assembled as becometh our Loial Subjects and Servants with zeal to our servicâ— and the publick good of our Kingdoms fulfilling that which the Laws of our Kingdoms oblige them to do And by special Command from us the Queen are com to Tordesillas to take care and provide for the reparation and remedie of the said dammages and exorbitancies To which effect they have made and ordeined certain Articles which are conducing and expedient for our service the good Government of the Kingdom and the increasing of the Revenue and Partrimonie Roial The Tenor whereof is as followeth MOST HIGH AND MIGHTIE CATHOLICK PRINCES QUEEN AND KING OUR SOVEREIGNS That which the Cities Towns Villages Commonalties and Natives of your Kingdom of Castilla and Leon do desires your Majesties will bee pleased to grant for a perpetual Law is here ensuing That which concern's his MAIESTIES ROIAL PERSON FIrst These Kingdoms humblie supplicate your Majestie will bee pleased speedily to return into these Kingdoms and beeing com to remain ruling and governing them For staying here your Majestie may give Laws and Command over the whole World as your Predecessors have done And nothing of all that which they desire of your Majestie will bee so pleasing to these Kingdoms although you should grant them much more for they hope your Majestie will condescend to all these things then your speedie coming to them For it is not the custom of Castilla to bee without their King neither can they bâ—e governed by others in peace and quiet which is very necessarie for your Royal service Item These Kingdoms humbly beseech your Majestie at your return to bee pleased to marrie it beeing necessarie for the universal good of these Kingdoms that there should bee some issue to succeed your Royal Person as they desire your Majestie 's age now requiring it And that you would bee pleased to take a wife according to the Vote and good lâ—king of these your Kingdoms for so shee shall bee of some Countrie in amitie with them as is most convenient for your service and the contentment of your Royal Person That which concern's the Royal Familie THat our Ladie and Sovereign the Queen's Royal hous bee put in such order and estate as is becoming her Royal Person and the honor of these Kingdoms That the Officers about her bee persons of qualitie That her hous bee sufficiently provided of all thing befitting her dignitie for so her Highnâ—ss will bee well pleased with these Kingdoms and they obliged Item That his Majestie would bee pleased at his return into these Kingdoms to bring neither Flemings French nor other strangers whatsoëver to bear any Office in his Royal Familie But that hee would confer all such Offices upon Natives of these Kingdoms there beeing multitudes of able and sufficient persons who will serv his Majestie with much affection and loyaltie and that his heirs and successors for ever should continue the like order Item That neither his Majestie nor his successors bring in or entertain any forreign souldiers for the guard of their Persons or defens of their Kingdoms in regard there are war-like and courageous men enough amongst the Natives not onely to defend their own Countrie but to conquer others as they had done heretofore Item That his Majestie beeing in these Kingdoms and having none but Natives about him would bee pleased to order his Familie in all respects as Don Fernando his grandfather and Donia Isabel his Queen and the rest of the Catholick King 's his Progenitors of glorious memorie had done before him For in so doing hee would save a number of unnecessarie expences which were made in his table and houshold and this would palpably appear for his Majestie will find that in the dishes for his own table and
those that are made for the fâ—vorites and great persons of his familie is daiely spent one hundred and fiftie thousand Maravediz and that the table-expences of Don Fernando the King and Donia Isabel who were excellent and powerfull Princes besides the Prince Don Iohn whom God receiv in his glorie and the Infantes with a multitude of attendants amounted to no more then twelv or fifteen thousand Maravediz per diem And hence proceed's his Majestie 's wants and the impoverishing of the People and Commonalties by â—ubsidies and other taxes imposed upon them Item In regard it hath been and is a very excessive charge to allow wages to such as are not domestick's That hence-foâ—wards there bee no Salaries given to any Courtier 's wives or children or any other persons whatsoëver noâ— in immediate service or shortly to bee entertained and admitted But if any man should die in his Majestie 's service in satisfaction or equivalence thereof hee might allow a pension or stipend to the wife or children of the deceased although they bee not of age to serv. Item In regard after the most â—llustrious Queen our Ladie Donia Isabel his Majestie 's Grandmother was taken with the sickness whereof shee died divers superfluous offices were crept into the Royal Familie which never were before That whosoëver injoyed any such office or offices might forthwith bee discarded and bee allowed no Salarie And all such superfluous expences bee imployed for necessarie uses more conducing to his Majestie 's service Item That in his Majestie 's houshold no Grandee might have any office concerning the Revenue or Royal Patrimonie and if any enjoy any such office at present that it maie bee taken from them For this is very inconvenient and maie greatly impaire the said Patrimonie and Royal Revenue Item That during his Majestie 's absence from these Kingdoms his houshold officers and other persons who have relation or attendance upon his Majestie bee payed out of the Royal Revenue Concerning GOVERNORS THat In regard in his Majestie 's absence it is requisite to have one or more Governors in the Kingdom such Governor or Governors might bee Natives of the Kingdoms of Castilla and Leon appointed and chosen with consent of the Kingdoms and that with their beeing Natives may concur the other qualities which by the Law established by the King Don Alonso called Ley de La Partida is required That the said Law may bee observed and fulfilled to perpetuitie As also the Order of Election and Provision with the Conditions which dispose in what case a Governor or Governors are to bee chosen as in respect of minoritie absence or whatsoëver other occasion Item that the Provisions Orders or Commissions which his Majestie had given in those Kingdoms contrarie to the above specified form might be declared void and that hee would command those and every of those Governors whom hee had autorized to forbear the execution of that office Item that the Governor or Governors beeing constituted in the abovesaid manner and form may bee invested with power to confer dignities offices administration of Justice and to redress grievances And this not onely in the Kingdoms of Castilla but also in the Isles and firm land alreadie discovered or to bee discovered and that they provide them within ten daies That they may present Dignities and places Vacant and do as much therein as the King himself in person but not give any gâ—ft or gratuitie out of the Royal Patrimonie nor any tâ—ing thereunto belonging Concerning BILLETS THe lodging by Billets which is practised no where neither amongst Infidels nor Christians but in this Kingdom beeing a thing most exorbitant and whence have proceeded and do proceed inconveniences and dammages so excessive that a small volume cannot contain them and his Majestie 's subjects suffer thereby not a little aswell in their honors and lives as in their estates That for ever henceforth they may bee freed from so abominable and prejudicial a servitude And that in these Kingdoms no such Billets bee given in any kinde neither by the King 's themselvs nor any Lords Noblemen or Prelates whatsoëver and in case any should bee given That the People may not bee obliged to accept of them unless with their own conâ—ents they paying for their lodgings as shall bee agreed upon with the owners or inhabitants of the houses whither such Billets shall bee brought or directed But in his Majestie 's progresses That lodging and linnen should bee allowed Gratìs for those of his houshold and Court so that hee exceed not the term of six daies in one place which expired they should paie for their lodging according to the ordinarie rate and custom Likewise That the Souldiers of the Guard should have free quarter after the usuall manner Item That their Majestie 's the King's Princes and Infantes his predecessors had given and allotted convenient lodgings for their Royal Persons and Familie and to the number of seventie but no more for the officers which were of necessitie to bee neer the Palace were appointed in the same Citie or Town where the Court was and in such houses as the Council Iustice and Regidores of the said place should finde convenient and suitable to the conditions and qualitie of the persons to bee lodged and the said seventie lodgings to bee paid according as the said Council Iustice and Regidores should rate or tax them And that for paiment hereof all the Cities Towns Villages or Burrougsh should contribute without exâ—mption according to the cessment made by the said Council Iustice and Regidores without troubling or asking leav of his Majestie insomuch that under colour thereof there should bee no more cessed or gathered then what the rent of the said lodgings would amount to under penaltie of the Law Item That these lodgings which are allowed for his Majestie 's familie are not intended for those of the Council for the Alcaldes of his hous and Court nor the Alguaziles or other Judges or Officers whatsoëver nor the High Treasurers or any such like for these are to paie for their lodgings by the order and form before mentioned Item That his Majestie or the Kings or Princes his Successors might not give anie Billets in general or particular or other Command whatsoëver that the Inhabitants of such Cities Towns or Villages should furnish lodgings contrarie to their own wills and consents And that in case any such Billet general or particular by waie of intreatie or command should bee given it might bee received with respect but not fulfilled neither the Owners or Inhabitants of the said houses bee obliged to accommodate the bearers thereof Coâ—cerning Customs Taxes the Revenues Roial Pole-monie and Fee farms THat the Customs and Thirds which belong to the Crown may bee reduced to the same number and quantitie as they were instituted by the Catholick King Don Fernando and Donia Isabel Anno 1494. That at the same rates and value all the Cities Towns Villages with their several Lordships and
Town or Village where their Residence is Contribution IN regard it is ordeined by the Laws of the Land that certain Towns and Villages which now are under the possession of som Noblemen should proportionably as the rest of their neighboring Cities and Towns bear a share in the Tributes and Contributions and Taxes for Hedges Bridges Fountains Watchmen Suits in Law Defences and enlargement of Territories yet by the favor of Noblemen and persons of great qualitie to whom they belong they do not observ or fulfil his Majesties Commands herein That henceforwards they may bee obliged to perform them and in case of default to lose their Offices and all the Salarie thereof and that the Lords of the said places may not oppose or do any thing to the contrarie under pain of losing the Lordship and proprietie of the said places or Towns which afterwards shall bee as Crown-Lands never to bee alienated from the Royal Patrimonie GENERALS FOrasmuch as his Majestie in the Parlaments which hee called at Valladolid and the Groyn did grant som things which for the profit and publick good of the Kingdoms ought to bee effected That his Majestie command all provisions and power necessarie for the performance thereof to bee given to the Cities Towns and other places of the Kingdoms Item that his Majestie give order to proceed rigorously against Antonio de Fonseca Alcalde Ronquillo Gutiere Quixada El Licenciado Iuanes and the rest that had any hand in the burâ—ing and destroying of the Town of Medina del Campo And that his Majestie approve and allow of what the Kingdom shall do concerning the confiscation of their or any of thâ—â—â— estates and goods Item that their Majesties approve the Assemblie which the Cities and Towns of the Kingdoms have made and do make to the end they may repair and remedie the exorbitancies and grievances of the Publick to make and ordain these Articles and all which they have done in order to the suspending of those of the Council and Officers of their Majesties Familie and Court placing and displacing Officers of Justice taking and demolishing of Forts pulling down of houses killing of men tumults and uproars and judging and sentencing other matters of the Kingdoms their endeavors in taking away all that might stop or hinder their proceedings herein and any other excess whatsoever as in the order and form of the premisses is conteined The assembling the people raising of Arms and the punishment which certain Cities and Commonalties have inflicted upon the persons houses and goods of â—om men whom they esteemed enemies to the publick good of the Kingdoms And that their Majesties acknowledg to bee well emploied all and every the sums of monie which they have taken out of the Roial Revenue and other things and disbursed in paiment of the said men and Armies or otherwaies in prosecution of the above-said premisses And whatsoever taxes they had imposed and recovered to that effect or expended in any kinde That their Majesties would command all to bee remitted and absolutely pardoned as also not onely their Assemblies and Councils of the Cities and Towns of the Kingdoms but likewise that every particular person or persons that had been active therein might bee free from anie trouble or question therefore in anie Courts civil or criminal That their Majesties would revoke and declare void all and everie information or informations commands sentences and provisions which those of the Council or the Alcalde Ronquillo or any other Judg whatsoever had made or given against any of the Cities or Towns of the Kingdoms or against any particular persons and that for this caus they nor any of them might bee deprived of their privileges or offices but might remain free and indemnified In regard they were moved thereunto out of their respects to their Majesties service and the publick good of the Kingdoms and for the encreasing preserving of the revenues and Patrimonie Roial in order to the obligations and duties which they owed to their natural Sovereigns according as the Laws of the Kingdoms have ordeined And that his Majestie would grant autorize and confirm the said Articles as a perpetual and inviolable Law for ever and that he would promise swear by God and his holie Evangelists never to revoke or consent to the revoking or altering of them or do or suffer to bee done any thing contrarie to their true intent and meaning in Parlament or out of Parlament And that hee would not demand of the Pope or other Prelate whatsoever any dispensation or absolution for the said oath and promise SECT III. THese Articles were sent to Flanders by those of the Iunta to bee delivered to the Emperor Antonio Vazquez de Avila carried one Copie of them and Maestro Fray Pablo a man of an exemplarie life and holie intentions onely blinded with a zeal for his Countrie seeing the Kingdom ruined another They went several waies but neither of them durst appear before the Emperor and som saie they never came into Flanders Antonio Vazquez de Avila arrived at length at Worms in Germanie which the Emperor hearing commanded him to bee apprehended and imprisoned in a Fort but after som time beeing better informed hee gave order to releas him Fray Pablo and Sancho Zimbron who went together hearing before they came to the Emperor how Antonio Vazquez had been welcomed went no further then Bruxels These Articles were applauded and held for holie things amongst the Commonaltie they said The Emperor must bee verie cruel if hee did not confirm them That those of the Iunta deserved an immortal Crown and a never-dying fame for their pains and care in making such excellent and holie Ordinances whereby their Kingdoms should bee made the happiest and most opulent in the world SECT IV. THe Lord Admiral beeing desirous to compose these differences and disorders of the Kingdoms before they broke out anie further resolved to go and convers with those of the Iunta at Tordesillas and beeing at Torrelobaton hee sent to them desiring that they would give him the libertie and safe conduct to go to them Those of the Iunta answered That they knew very well that his Lordship came to speak with them concerning the Commonalties of the Kingdoms but they desired him not to put himself to the trouble of coming thither until he had dismissed those Gentlemen with their souâ—diers out of Medina and his own lands those of the Council likewise in regard they disserved his Majestie and hindred the good of the Kingdom which don they should be very glad to serv him and shew him all the respects due to his person The Admiral replied that hee was well contented to discharge all those souldiers and send away all those of the Council except the Cardinal and the Lord High Constable of Castilla who were the Governors and principal men of the Kingdoms Those of the Iunta would not bee satisfied unless they were all sent away Whereupon they sent two Heralds
with a Notarie publick to require him with great protestations that hee should not permit the mischiefs and dammages which might bee occasioned by the Iunta and the Armies of the Advers Partie They sent others also with trumpets to require the Lord High Constable and the Earl of Alva not to levie anie Souldiers becaus that would bee prejudicial to the Roial Crown and hurtful to the Kingdoms The Lord High Constable received those that brought him this message very courteously and commanded a dinner to bee prepared for them After which hee sent them to the Earl of Alva with twelv of his own men on hors-back The Earl apprehended the chief man of them commanding him to bee clapt in prison and afterwards they saie hee caused him to bee strangled and gave no other Answer to the Iunta whereat they were very much displeas'd others said The Earl did like a worthie Gentleman for no Law or Word is to be observ'd or kept with Traitors The unfortunate man whom the Earl thus put to death had been not long before preferred by those of the Commonaltie to the Office of Chamberlain to the Queen Donia Iuana In revenge of which crueltie as they termed it those of the Iunta commanded the Lord Constable and the Earl of Alva to bee proclaimed in manie Cities and places of Castilla Traitors and capital enemies of the Kingdom alledging That they raised forces against the Roial Crown and to the prejudice of the Kingdom That they had made a new Broad-Seal contrarie to the Laws of the Kingdom wherewith they did seal Orders against his Majesties Subjects and contrarie to all right and Justice That they did favor and uphold those of the evil Counsel and that they had apprehended her Majesties Chamberlain all which was in dis-respect or contempt of her Majestie and to the prejudice of the publick good And therefore those of the Iunta in order to the service of God and the Kingdom did finde themselvs obliged to declare them Capital Enemies and accordingly that their Estates and Land should bee seized and forfeited to the Roial Crown SECT V. THose of the Iunta beeing possessed of Tordesillas and having the Queen with her familie and the whole Kingdom in their own hands manie people believed that shee was recovered and that shee was well-pleased with the proceedings of those of the Iunta The increasing of this opinion and their credit with the people raised their thoughts to things of higher consequence and the novelties which everie daie did produce were already swoln to so great a number and spred into so manie parts that it is impossible to relate them so cleerly fully and distinctly as I would The pretence of the Iunta was so plausible bearing the sugared name which they gave it of Libertie and exemption from unjust taxes and evil government that divers other places were likewise in Arms for them And it was a miracle that anie place stood out For they favored and countenanced them that followed their faction and those of the contrarie Partie were perpetually under the lash of their persecution In Palencia the people mutinied and would have killed the brother to their Bishop Mota with divers Canons and other Priests of the Citie becaus they had given possession of the Bishoprick to the said Mota whom they extreamly hated In Alcala de Henares they turned the Governor and the Vicar-General to the Arch-Bishop out of the Citie becaus they hated the Arch-Bishop for beeing a kinsman to Xeures and a stranger Medina prepared to make open War against Coca and Alaejos in revenge of the mischiefs and losses which they had susteined by Antonio de Fonseca It would bee an endless task to undertake to give a particular relation of their outrages what persecutions robberies and murthers were committed in each place Those of Segovia did not lie still either but were perpetually making new attempts against the Earl of Chinchon and the Town of Espinar which they assaulted and sacked as if they had been Infidels carrying away their wives and daughters some of whose husbands following after the Segovians said That if their wives went with them beyond a certain limit they should keep them for ever SECT VI. I Mentioned in the rising of Burgos the prudence and courage which the Lord high Counstable to detain and suppress the furie of that disorderly people had shewed in taking upon himself the Autoritie and care of administring Justice to the great contentment and rejoicing of the Citizens But the inconstant Vulgar upon no occasion lost the respect which was due to so honorable a person never considering how advantageous it would have been for them to have suffâ—red themselvs to bee governed by him in such troublesom times That which they pretended to bee the caus of their respectless audacitie was That when Medina del Campo did besiege Alaejos Segovia Salamanca Avila and other Cities having assisted them with men to destroie that Town out of the exceeding hatred which they bore Antonio de Fonseca Burgos would do the like out of revenge of the Merchandise which they lost in Medina by Fonseca's burning it But the Lord High Constable satisfied them otherwise And becaus his son offered himself to bee their Captain which the people imagined hee did onely out of subtiltie and cunning to amuse them or for som other by-respect they began to bee jealous of him this suspicion ingendred a mortal hatred insomuch that their furie grew beyond the bounds of moderation and obedience The Lord high Counstable had privately conveyed into his hous four hundred Lances Which beeing known in the Citie the Regidores and Gentlemen assembled and sent two of their companie to summon him Hee excused himself saying hee was very ill and could not go to them But they told him that they could not bee satisfied with that answer hee must rise and go with them At last hee went and was civilly received beeing com amongst them two of the Assemblie in the names of all the rest rose up and thus bespake him Wee are very sorrie and grieved that the honor and affection wherewith this Citie hath alwaies served your Lordship and your Ancestors beeing Persons of so great qualitie natives and in a maner Lords of all this Citie which is the chief of Castilla should bee so ill requited as that you should keep secretly in your hous four hundred Lances to destroie the people wee require you forthwith to dismiss them and reserv onely twentie servants about you if not the Citie will take their remedie This was not very pleasing to the Lord Constable but it behoved him to satisfie their desires Yet notwithstanding hee condescended to their wills the suspicions ceased not neither were the people pacified Upon our Ladie 's daie of September their furie broke out and all the Commonaltie rose up in Arms against him in such a raging manner that they had killed him if hee had not retired to his hous where almost
Admiral and desired hee should com amongst them hoping his presence would conduce much to the remedying of those mischiefs hee beeing a very noble Gentleman and no waie addicted to passion or partialitie The Lord Admiral having intelligence of all that passed in Valladolid wrote them a Letter saying That although hee did not desire to bee pestered with those troubles and confusions yet his coming thither should not bee deferred much longer That his intention was to do good to them all generally being very much grieved for what had passed amongst them That he could not choos but admire at the tumultuous risings of the Kingdom That if they had but written twice or thrice to his Majestie he would have remedied all those disorders by granting what they desir'd That their keeping Guards and going their Rounds about the Citie tended to nothing but the consuming of their Estates destroying of their Trade the undoing of the Husbandmen and Common People for which hee was very sorrie That the whole world took notice heretofore of the nobleness and loialtie of these Kingdoms And now their inconstancie divisions and factious insurrections afforded matter of discours to all other Nations That they should take notice that the great Turk was com with a mightie Armie against Rodes ravaging and spoiling Christendom both by Sea and Land and that by reason of these dissentions animosities and confusion amongst the people it were no hard matter for him to gain footing in these Kingdoms Therefore hee affectionately desired them all to bee pacified and to believ that his Majestie was very much troubled and aggrieved at these sad occurrences And that at his return hee would procure the good of the Kingdoms This Letter beeing read in the publick Assemblie of Valladolid did sufficiently startle som of them but they hoped for a â—emedie from heaven After this the Lord Admiral beeing at Zerbera wrote another Letter to them in a manner to the same effect Which beeing heard and seen by those of Valladolid tâ—ey were astonished at the words and counsel whâ—ch hee gave them therein not knowing how to answer his reasons nor to what they should attribute his counsels Som that were of opinion that the Iunta was wicked and unlawful would have it bee dissolved others extolling it to the skieâ— urged that every bodie ought to conform themselvs thereunto The Nobles and Gentrie at Rioseco were very desirous to re-unite and pacifie Valladolid it beeing so considerable a place thinking besides that if they were but Masters thereof they should with more facilitie compass their design upon the other Cities To this effect they used all the policie and subtil inventions possible sending messengers and holding private intelligence with those of the Citie who were well affected and desired the King's service The Citie was in this season more strictly watched then before they making secret Rounds and placing strong Guards at all the Gates for the contrarie partiâ— which was the most powerful was jealous and afraid of som double dealing SECT XV. AT the same time that Valladolid received the Lord Admiral 's Letters others were brought to them from Burgos which were likewise read in the publick Assemblie of the Citie The Reader may imagine what various humors what speeches what factions what passions were engendred by the Contents of those Letters finally what confusion they might breed in so noble and spatious a Citie the seat of the Kings of Spain and what judgments and censures might there-hence take their rise and fill the malicious heads of the Common people not knowing well which hand they had best to use they resolved to plaie with both and sent again to the Cardinal Governor and those of the Junta also their Embassadors Don Pedro Vaçan and the others before mentioned with certain Articles which they thought were convenient for the pacification of the Kingdoms The Cardinal with those of the Council gave them a fair reception and a satisfactorie answer Those of the Junta did no less desiring to make them of their pack and moreover they wrote a Letter to those of the Commonaltie in Valladolid with some expressions of zeal and affection mingled with reprehensions for their luke-warmness and indifferencie SECT XVI ON Sundaie the eleventh of October one Alâ—nso de Vera got up into the Pulpit of the Cathedral Church of Valladolid and read to the people two Letters one from those of the Iunta wherein they desired that Valladolid would assist and stand to them as they had promissed and fulfil what they had commanded them The other was from Don Pedro Giron in which hee offered them his service desiring that as hee had alwaies shewed a particular affection to that Citie and been tender of their welfare they would receiv him in regard hee was Captain General of the Junta's forces and desired nothing but the good of the Kingdom and his Majestie 's service neither would hee act any thing but with the good liking and consent of Valladolid The people were exceedingly taken with these Letters and said they would do whatsoever therein was required and that Don Pedro should bee welcom into the Citie And the next daie hee made his entrie all the people of Valladolid going forth to receiv him with great applause This War beeing betwixt kindred friends and Countrie men there was as much diligence used to gain places and good wills by Letters as by force of Arms. The Earl of Venavente and the Lord Admiral of Castilla were in a manner Natives and Citizens of Valladolid their families from many generations having had their principal mansions there and the Citie bare them great respect as they had reason These Noble-men shewing their affection to Valladolid as their Native soil and seeing it so far plunged in these distractions either out of hope to reduce it by fair means or meerly out of their love and desire of its good and preservation they both endeavored by Letters to make them sensible of their errors The Lord Admiral chiefly desired that they would let him com into their Citie promising that hee would bee as vigilant and careful of their general good as of any particular persons That hee would imploy in their defens his own life and fortune If that could not bee granted that they would send any three whom they thought fittest to meet and confer with him two or three leagues thence where they pleased But Valladolid would accept of none of these conditions alledging that such enter-views would bee ill taken and that people would bee apt thereupon to saie Burgos having Articled and agreed with the Lord high Constable that Valladolid would do the likâ— So they returned the Lord Admiral no other Answer then that for the present they could not condescend to any of those things which his Lordship desired To the Earl of Venavente's Letter they briefly thus replied That since his Lordship was so Noble as to offer them his own person and men they desired that hee would keep
moved with a good zeal and affection to their Countries good came with all expedition to Rioseco to treat with the Lord Admiral and other Noblemen about some fair accommodation whereby the Kingdom might avoid the imminent perdition which through that unnatural war in all probabilitie it was like to suffer They found amongst the Nobles very courteous entertainment and expression of a desire to condescend to anie reasonable propositions all the difficultie and obstacle laie in those of the Iunta's Partie and especially in the Bishop of Zamora From Rioseco the President with the other Judges went to Villabraxima where the Bishop with his five thousand men was quartered The President beeing admitted entreated him with great earnestness and humilitie the tears standing in his eies to consider and leav off in time the evil and wrong cours they had taken and noâ— to give waie to much less to bee the occasion of so great mischiefs murthers and scandals which inevitably must fall upon the Kingdom if they continued inexorable alleging That it would bee much more advantageous for their Countrie 's good which they so much pretended to accept of an honorable peace and accommodation whereby with the help of God the Kingdoms might bee preserved from the present ruine and restored to their former flourishing condition for admit the Commoner meet with the success which they desire vanquish the Cavaliers reduce his Majestie to such streights that hee will bee glad to grant them more immunities then formerly they did desire yet they must live under him and when hee find's an occasion hee will put the yoke again about their necks and load them with taxes at his pleasure That these violent uproars and mutinies of the Commonalties in disrespect or disobedience to their Princes were fickle and very unsecure That those Gentlemen and Commanders which then engaged with them if fortune gave them victorie over their enemies would Lord it over them no less insupportably then the others neither did those Gentlemen Defendors of the Commonalties shew any great discretion setting themselvs in opposition to all the Grandees and Nobles of the Kingdom especially in a matter of so much prejudice and disservice to his Majestie That it would bee an act of greater wisdom to accept of any fair propositions of agreement to remain in peace with a due respect obedience to their Princes whereby to gain their loves and not to expose themselvs to the various uncertain Chance of War The Bishop answered Lord President Since in the condition and estate our business now stand's we have moved advanced hitherto I know what is convenientest for us to do and therefore I will not flinch nor recede one step but rather persevere in my enterprise and pursue to destruction those wicked disturbers of the Kingdoms The President seeing the Bishop would not hearken to what hee desired of him hee required him in their Majestie 's names by virtue of the Roial Seal which hee brought with him not to stir from thence until hee had been to confer about the same business with the Lord Admiral and other Noblemen at Rioseco but the Bishop gave him no answer thereunto neither did hee make any more account of him then if hee had been his servant this was the perfection of this great Prelate successor of the Apostles So the President the Judges leaving him went to Medina where by reason of the pervers Cross-grainedness of those of the Iunta they could effect nothing to any purpose and the Bishop's Conscience was pricked with such remors at the President 's discours and his tender heart so moved with his tears that hee scarce had turned his back but his Reverend Lordship called for his Armor for the head-piece and pouldrons were the Pontificial robes wherein hee most delighted And having commanded his Artillerie to bee secured in the Rear-guard hee marched forth with his men to encounter a great partie of Foot and thâ—ee hundred hors which hee had notice was advancing towards his quarters But they having intelligence that the Bishop was com forth in quest of them with a stronger Partie retreated to Rioseco By this time were com into the Armie of the Iunta three thousand souldiers more from the Citie of Leon besides great numbers from Valladolid and other places but chiefly Iohn de Padilla was exspected with a supplie from Toledo and Madrid SECT V. THose of the Council proceeded against those of the Iunta and all the Cities of their League according to Law and having erected a Scaffold they caused them publickly to bee proclaimed Traitors and Rebels to the Roial Crown Whereat they were so incensed that thenceforwards they fought not so much for the â—nterest of the Kingdom as for reputation and to revenge particular quarrels the off-spring of those troubles and dissentions or for ancient grudges betwixt particular persons or places The Bishop swore that hee would keep the field with his men onely until hee were either dead or crowned with Victorie The Cavaliers were as resolute on the other side insomuch that although the President of the Chancerie insisted for peace hee prevailed nothing The Cavaliers had manie skirmishes with the Bishop's men At last hee and Don Pedro Giron seeing that the Cavaliers would not com out to give them battle they sent a Trumpeter to them with this message That they should meet them in the field to the end they might in one battle set a period to all their Contentions which caused so great disturbances in the Kingdom That Winter was coming on apace and it was to no purpose to stand dallying in that manner and ruine one another by delaies That if they refused to fight they would go to their Towns and Lordships and having plundered them burn their houses to the ground But the Lord Admiral could not resolv to put all to so great a venture In Valladolid besides the men which they sent to the Armie as is said having mustered again they found seven thousand more Cross-bow-men Pike-men and Musketiers which they could well spare leaving moreover enough to guard the Citie whereupon they sent to the Iunta that shortly they should receiv another supplie from them and that if occasion served they would go everie man in person with their general Standard to serv them for they esteemed the Caus which they defended to bee Just and Holie SECT VI. THe Countess of Modica wife to the Lord Admiral beeing a very virtuous and devout Ladie was grieved at the Soul to see these disorders and miserable condition of the Kingdoms wherein so many innocent persons suffered and desiring to compose the sad differences shee spake to the Lord Admiral her husband and the Earl of Venavente earnestly desiring them to stop the current of those miseries which would proceed from that unnatural War The good Ladie prevailed so much that the Lord Admiral the Earl of Venavente Don Pedro Giron who called himself Duke of Medina
the Bishop of Zamora and shee had a meeting at Villabraxima one evening And having ordered and agreed upon certain Articles in favor of the Iunta the Earl of Venavente said to the Admiral My Lord though you desire to keep four or five Licenciado's in your Town I hope you will not bring our estates in question and give waie to so many murâ—hers and robberies as must needs follow if so God forbid that I should have any thing to do with it but to favor and assist the Iunta and the Commonalties since all that they desire is good and just and I so acknowledge and approve it and from this time forwards will justifie it Which said hee set his hand to the said Articles the Countess said as hee did And the Admiral taking the paper in his hands said to the Earl Since you have signed this first I 'le do the like And hee having subscribed they went all together to supper very well contented After supper they returned to Medina and presently gave a Command that the whole Town should declare for the Queen the King her Son and the Commonaltie All this was done with a politick art and cunning to make the Armie of the Commoners leav Medina For if it had continued longer there it would have very much streightned and incommodated the Cavaliers the Commoners beeing already many more in number and receiving every daie fresh supplies and the Cavaliers having little hopes of increasing their force by reason that all the Nobles and persons of honor in the Kingdoms of Toledo Andaluzia and Estremadura sat still exspecting which waie the scale would turn without declaring for King or Commonaltie SECT VII UPon the agreement between the Lord Admiral the Earl of Venavente and Don Pedro Giron the Armie without knowing any reason wherefore marched from Tordehumos and Villabraxima to Villalpando where after some small resistance they were received and quartered peaceably Don Pedro Giron took up his lodging in his unkle the Lord high Constable's hous All were of opinion that Don Pedro juggled and plaied legerdemain in this business and so it appeared by his dislodging his Armie and leaving the enemie free besides having nothing at all to do at Villalpando And indeed Don Pedro Giron might well bee suspected herein for the Grandees who were his neer kindred wrought much upon him as shall bee seen hereafter The Cavaliers seeing themselvs free from the incumbrance of that powerful Armie which blocked them up in a manner and finding the waie cleer and secure from thence to Tordesillas marched all out of Rioseco seizing on all Posts and Travellers that might give notice of their approach making as if they had a design upon Valladolid but with as much speed as an Armie could advance they went directly to Tordesillas Those of the Iunta hearing of their coming dispatched presently a Post to Valladolid telling them that the Cavaliers were marching thither with all expedition therefore they desired them to send them speedie succor But Valladolid having sent neer four thousand of their choisest men already to the Armie and hearing that the enemie was like to fall upon them desired to bee excused thinking they might better have relief from the Armie where were men enough But they beeing in good quarters at Villalpando were not over-hastie to go to Tordesillas for the plot was so well laid that no man knew the certaintie of the design but that which Don Pedro did a little after confirmed the suspition the world had conceived of him One night the Cavaliers stormed the Town having clapt a Petar to the Gates but finding strong resistance the Earl of Haro sent a Trumpet to tell them they came onely to kiss the Queen's hands and to set her at libertie and required them to yeild Whereunto they giving no satisfactorie answer the Earl resolved to force them and encouraged his Souldiers promising them the pillage of the Town But what by the natural strength of the place what through the courageous resistance of the besieged the Earl lost above 250 men before hee could make any breach The Priests which the Bishop of Zamora left there behaved themselvs very valorously in this Holie caus One amongst the rest was particularly observed to have given eleven men their Viaticum with his musket from behinde the Battlements of the Wall where hee thought hee stood secure and as he saw occasion sent his Benediction amongst them which seldom mist his man But at last some of the besiegers with an unsanctified arrow shot him quite through the head with which hee presently fell down and died not having the time to saie so much as one Miserere At length an Alferez with some other Cavaliers having forced their entrie at a smal breach in the wall and given the sign to their Camarades the whole Armie gave a shout and with sound of Drums and Trumpets cried all out Victoria Victoria which so animated the Besiegers that in the same and in other parts of the Town they made fresh assaults insomuch that the Besieged were no longer able to resist The Cavalier-Souldiers beeing thus entred the Town used no violence to either man woman or childe for that they were forbidden but neither Houses Churches nor Monasteries escaped from plundering So that no man had so much as a bed left to sleep upon unless the Souldiers out of charitie would let him have any which punishment they did deserv for fighting and defending their goods no better after they were engaged and put themselvs into a posture of resistance The Grandees and Gentlemen beeing entred into Tordesillas went directly to the Palace to kiss the Queen's hands and shew her their due respects they found her with the Infanta her daughter DonÌ„a Catalina in her own chamber whence Don Pedro de Ayala Commissioner of Toledo had persuaded her to withdraw during the fight Som say to the end that from the wall shee might have commanded the besiegers not to storm the Town others think it was with intent to conveie her thence and carrie her by the Bridg-waie to Medina del Campo But this escape that was intended for the Queen beeing attempted just upon the entrie of the enemie into the Town Don Pedro de Ayala left her and fled himself to Medina del Campo Shee shewed the Gentlemen that came to kiss her hands very gracious countenance though by reason of her infirmitie and want of judgment shee cared little how things went onely it is reported that while they were battering the Town som of the Commissioners beeing there desired that shee would send a Command to the Besiegers to desist and shee answered Open you the gates and let them in The Earl of Haro staied at the gates to see his Artillerie and Hors let in until midnight which done hee went likewise to kiss her Majestie 's hands where hee found the rest of the Nobles who soon after taking their leavs went to take their rest but the
the several Cities with the Bishop of Zamora and Iohn de Padilla agreed to draw all their forces into the field to stop all correspondence betwixt Valladolid and Tordesillas that the Treatie might not go forwards and to destroie and spoil all the Towns or houses they could thâ—t belonged to any of the Gentrie in Tordesillas With this resolution the Bishop of Zamora Iohn de Padilla with his Toledians Iohn Zapata with those from Madrid Iohn Bravo Captain of the Segovians and Francisco Maldonado who commanded the men of Avila and Salamanca went to the Iunta desiring that they would appoint a Captain General over them all and it is reported out of craft thereby to render him more odious to the Common People that they press'd to have that office conferred upon Don Pedro Lasso which plot was imputed to Iohn de Padilla who never was Don Pedro's friend The Iunta to satisfie them did name Don Pedro but hee desired som time to think upon it before hee would accept it and those that bare him no good will began to divulge his beeing made General in a disparaging manner saying It was more honor then hee deserved in regard hee had given them so much reason to suspect his fidilitie for holding correspondence with the Governors to sell them and that Iohn de Padilla was much more fit for that Command This was so much buzz'd amongst the people that they began to murmur highly against Don Pedro. The mutinie growing to such an height that Don Pedro and his friends not thinking themselvs secure prepared to make resistance in case they should assault them in their houses as som gave out they would And they saie the very school-boys instructed by their masters so to do ran crying up and down the streets Let Iohn de Padilla bee General and not Don Pedro Lasso The Bishop of Zamora sent him word that his safest waie would bee to absent himself from the Citie or at least to retire into some secret place for the people were very jealous of him and in their furie would bee apt to do him some displeasure but this was onely a plot to entrap him Don Pedro very resolutely returned the Bishop this answer That hee had done nothing that hee was ashamed of or ought to run awaie for and that hee would not stir out of his hous if the people had any thing to saie to him there they should finde him The people's design upon Don Pedro Lasso beeing publickly known some principal persons of the Citie came amongst them and so handled the matter that they all retired to their houses and there was no harm done SECT XXXIV THose of the Junta beeing in consultation about the ordering of their Armie for there was no more thought of peace some said that it was very requisite that they should have a Captain General and although Iohn de Padilla had executed the office ever since Don Pedro Giron had left it yet hee had not his Commission from the Junta neither had the present Armie which the several Cities had raised acknowledged him Som stood for Don Pedro Lasso de la Vega but the major part of the Junta and all the Common people Voted for John de Padilla Hee seeing that they would make him their Captain General out of a feigned modestie refused it earnestly desiring them all to give their Votes rather for Don Pedro Lasso who was more worthie and capable of so high a Charge then hee not that hee declined their service however but hee would content himself with the Command of the two thousand men which hee brought from Toledo with whom and with his own person hee would serv the Commonaltie to the last breath The people hearing that John de Padilla was like to bee outed they came crying in a tumultuous mannertothe Junta and presâ—ing them to make John de Padilla their General for no man els should bee And thinking that Dom Pedro Lasso was the onely man that hindred the election of John de Padilla the multitude ran presently to apprehend him in his hous laying to his charge that hee had used means to reduce them to his Majestie 's service that hee had been caus that the Cavaliers had taken Tordesillas having been in the conspiracie with Don Pedro Giron But the Bishop and John de Padilla followed and staied them in the great market place Assoon as ever the rabble saw the Bishop and him they flocked round about them crying out Let John de Padilla live let the Bishop live long may live John de Padilla who take's away the taxes of Castilla In this manner did the multitude carrie him up and down the market place hooting and shooting as if they had been all mad insomuch that Iohn de Padilla could not speak to them if hee would have said any thing they kept so horrid a nois saying Hee should bee their General and no other Iohn de Padilla and the Bishop seeing this fond madness of the people withdrew themselvs into a hous out of a window whereof Iohn de Padilla spake to them in this manner Sirs You know how I came hither Captain for the Citie of Toledo in favor of the Commonaltieâ— of this Kingdom to serv you you must know likewise that Toledo is not inferior to Valladolid but a fâ—iend to it and all the other Cities of the Kingdom who all agreed to send mee to assist you and with the same affection and willingness I have performed my part and whil'st I have breath I will omit nothing wherein I may serv you and I thank you for your good wills to mee But the Lords of the Iunta have determined to choos a Captain General for thir Expedition Believ mee sirs it is most fit that place should go by Election and I assure you that I was the first man that made that motion for that is the best and safest waie moreover those Gentlemen know very well what they do Hee scars had uttered these words but they all cried out Wee will have none but John de Padilla and the Bishop Thus they continued for the space of a long hour and more Iohn de Padilla entreating them to give their consents that Don Pedro Lasso might execute that office for nevertheless hee should bee readie to spend his father's and his own estate besides the ventring of his life in that Holie Caus for the service of the Commonaltie But no reason would stop their mouths they still continued crying hee and non els should bee their Captain Which obstinacie of the people beeing reported to those of the Iunta they Voted Iohn de Padilla Captain General of â—ll their forces From that daie forwards Don Pedro Lasso began to relinquish the Commonaltie and divers of his friends did the like seeing how blind and void of reason the people were and how much prejudice they did themselvs in following a people so overswaied with passion and the greatest part of them too but men of mean
and obscure extraction SECT XXXV FOwer hundred Lanciers of the choisest men of those that câ—me from the conquest of the Gelves mutined and would have gon awaie becaus they did not receiv the paie which was promised them from Valladolid and they demanded moreover paiement of their arreares ever since the death of the King Don Fernando which amounting to fortie Duckets a man at least made the summe of eight thousand Duckets The Citie not having monie to satisfie their demands yet loth to let them go becaus they were stout well disciplined souldiers and wel armed caused all their Gates to bee shut whilest they went to procurâ— them monie In the first place they searched the Cloister of the Benedictans where they found six thousand Duckets which som particular persons had deposited there thinking it more secure then in their own hands After which they went to other Religious houses Colledges in like manner Insomuch that at last with what they took up by waie of lone they got enough to give them satisfaction Thus was that Citie guiltie of their own torment and trouble by maintaining a fire-brand for tâ—ey deserved no other name in their own bowels But that which seemed most grievous to them was That they were daily so molested and affronted by that paultrie Garrison of Simancas Therefore they flatly told those of the Iunta that either they should go themselvs or give them their men for Valladolid was resolved to unroost those Harpyes At length Valladolid seeing themselvs reduced to so great want and povertie for they had no way to gain a peny all Trading and Commerce lost the roads were so unsecure that if they did but peep as it were out of their houses they were in danger of beeing kill'd taken â—risoners or at least plundered and that their War was not in earnest to the purpose neither had they any hopes of peace they wrote a Letter to the Cavaliers in these terms Valladolid's Letter to the Cavaliers Illustrious Sirs WEe received a Letter from you whereby any man of the least judgment or understanding may plainly see that your actions do absoluâ—ely contradict what you express in words And for a further manifestation that the peace which you publish is directly opposite to your actual proceedings you have introduced an abominable War in these Kingdoms under the notion of obedience to their Majesties battering and forcing the place where the Queen residâ—d seizing on and imprisoning â—er servants and the Commissioners of the Kingdom permitting her Court to bee ransack't the Churches to bee robb'd women violated the high-waies stopped the Iustice of the Kingdom which was the Chancerie to bee taken away and other horrid things which never were seen or heard of before whereby experience sheweth us that the offers of Peace which you have and do make us are onely forms and a policie to wearie out divide and procure the utter destruction of the Kingâ—om Beeing sore aggrieved at and for the disservices dammages and troubles which our Sovâ—reign Lord the King his Kingdoms have and do daily suffer and sâ—eing that with this dissembled Peace which you cunningly publish may bee brought to ruine and perdition wee are in the minde to persevere in that which wee have begun and maintein the name of faithful and loial subjects in discharging our duties to our Sovereigns and in executing what wee are obliged to perform to our selvs and our Countrie not forgetting what 's past wee suffer with chearfulness all these troubles and afflictions which are worthie of acknowledgment before God and his Majestie our Sovereign since they pass as obligations which wee owe them Wee hope hence â—orwards that all the oppressions and waies which you have used to divert and withdraw us from this holie purpose shall not weaken or dis hearten us but rather strengthen and encourage us the more to resist and fight against all those that havâ— been the causers and so detestable initiators of the miseries of these Kingdoms â—â—d we trust in God that â—e wil speedily shew som heavie judgment upon the â—â—â—â—ntors of such pervers actions that they may alone suffer the punishment of â—heir crimes not wee nor those of the holie Junta for whosoever will seriously and judiciously consider it shall see that there is no fear of blame where is faithfulness and truth neither doth passion dare to presume wherâ— the publick good is preferred before the particular nor ambition wherâ— men without consideration of either honor life or fortâ—nes expose themsâ—lvs to divers hard censures and obloquies But their actions rather â—mbolden and strengthen them to continue so just an undertaking the obteiâ—ing whereof will procure us the perpetual Peace which wee desire Yoâ— know Sirs that the producer of Peace is War if our forefathers had not fought and spilt their blood wee should never have enjoied that happâ—â— Peace which wee had during the time of the reign of King Don Fernando and Donia Isabella of glorious memorie That war is laudablâ— which tend's to the libertie of the King and Kingdom And abominable iâ— that Peace whose end is subjection oppression and slâ—verie Therefoâ—â— our purpose and intention is That our King may bee free enjoie his Kingdoms as our Sovereign Lord not subject nor over swaied by any evil favorites nor fals or cheating Counsels That his Revenues and Roial Patrimonie may not bee usurped or lavishly wasted but preserved or usefully expended for the good of his Kingdoms to the end hee may bee beloved obeied and faithfully served And out of this love obedience and respect wee wish desire and humbly beseech his Majestie to seek a remedie for his Roial Crown and his Kingdoms that under God hee onely may bee ouâ— Lord our King onely mightie onely rich his own and our onely helper anâ— redressor whom onely we may fear serv â—onor and obeie to whom onely wee may asscribe the glorie and render a due acknowledgment for our publick good and to whom onely wee may address our complaints and grievanâ—â—s which if you would but seriously weigh and consider you would not so condemn and oppose our holie proceedings nor the sacred end at which weâ— aim And since wee cannot accomplish our desire in a peaceable manner it is but reason wee should endeavor to obtein them by war in regard it is just and holie our end beeing to finde everlasting Peace So it cannot bee said that the Kingdom is caus of this War but those disturbers who hinder us from enjoying and procuring the universal good which wee seek after for which they must render a strict account to God and their Majesties besides all the dammages slaughters extortions and other grand mischiefs which will all lie upon their score The true peace is that 〈◊〉 and the other Grandees ceas from disturbing or hindering the universal 〈◊〉 which wee labor with all our force and might to procure For the effecting and settling of which Peace the Truce which your Lordships did
many pious remonstrances and persuasions to divert but all they could obtein was a Truce for three daies The event of these Armies is diversly related by two several Autors whom I chiefly follow in this narration the one saith That the Bshop having put the Prior to flight and routed his Armie remained master of the field but was sorely wounded in two places The other Pero Mexia reporteth That during the Treatie som scattering souldiers of Antonio's Armie beeing engaged with som of the Bishop's one of Antonio's Foot-Captains seeing his men over-match't without any order from the Prior charged the Bishop's men with his whole Companie so both Parties seeking to favor and rescue their own men at last the whole Armies were both engaged and had a furious battle wherein divers were wounded and kill'd on both sides at last the Bishop's men being worsted began to shew their heels and the execution had been much greater if the night had not separated them leaving the victorie and glorie of the daie to Antonio's men The darknes of the night befriended the Bishop very much in his escape and divers of his men who fled to Ocania But hee made no long staie there beeing informed that hee was pursued by Don Antonio and that the Town was upon terms of yielding to him So the Bishop beeing gon to Toledo within three daies Ocania was surrendred to Don Antonio for the Emperor upon conditions of pardon for their former disobedience and they received him with great solemnitie and acts of submission After which Don Antonio's Armie increased daily with fresh supplies which hee quartered in all the frontiers and Towns adjacent to Toledo continuing the War against the Toledians Don Iohn de Ribera did the like on the other side of the River Tagus SECT X. AMongst other transactions in this War the expedition of the Town of Mora was the most remarkable and the most desastrous that yet hath been related It was thus The Inhabitants of that Town beeing inclined to the interest of the Commonaltie rose up in Arms and so continued a certain time But seeing the Power and Victorious proceedings of Don Antonio they capitulated with him and promised obedience to his Majestie yet so little constancie there is amongst the Vulgar after their agreement they revolted again declaring for the Commonaltie as before and not contented with this seeing one of Antonio's Captains pass by the Town with som sheep and other cattle which hee had taken in the confines of Toledo they sallied out to the number of three hundred men and rescued the Prize forcing him to flie whereupon the next daie Don Diego de Caravajal who was quartered two leagues thence at Almonacid marching out with his Hors joined with Don Hernando de Robledo who had the Command of som Foot companies whom Don Antonio at the instance and persuasion of Diego Lopez de Avalos Commendador of Mora had sent to keep them in aw and make them stand to their conditions who advancing togeâ—her to the very walls of the Town which the Inhabitants had made as strong as they could summoned them to deliver it for his Majestie and give them a peaceable entrance But they sturdily refused calling them Traitors and reviling them in base injurious terms accompanied with many musket shots and arrows Don Hernando de Robledo and those with him enraged at this uncivil treatment entred the Town by storm and forced the Inhabitants to retreat to the great Church wherein they had put all their wives and children having fortified it as they could and dammed up all the doors but one which though open was barrocadoed lustily and in it they had planted two Fawkenets with som barrels of powder for their defens Don Hernando beeing com thither with his men required those that made good the Church to submit whereunto they answered with a shot from one of their Guns which killed a Corporal of hâ—s whereat his souldiers growing desperate without any order or command presently fetched a great quantitie of sprey or bavins which they heaped against the other doors and set fire to them thinking when the doors were burned down to enter into the Church But the fire coming to the barrels and the tubs wherewith the doors were barrocadoed on the inside made such a blaze that the timber of the Church taking fire therewith all was immediately of a flame and the poor people's having no waie out but through the fire nor any breathing place within the Church were well-nigh all consumed At least three thousand persons lost their lives in that miserable manner which was very much lamented all the Kingdom over SECT XI THe Bishop of Zamora was not idle all this while hee had as great a fire in a manner as this within himself Hee went to Toledo disguised and alone having left his men two or three leagues off the Citie but beeing arrived hee made himself known whereupon the people presently flocked to see him with great eagerness by reason of the high value and esteem which hee had acquired amongst the Commonalties The Citie made exceeding demonstrations of joie for his coming thither and forthwith granted him the administration of the Arch-Bishoprick according to his desire as if they had been Popes In accomplishment whereof they carried him with great solemnitie to tâ—e Cathedral Church and placed him in the Arch-bishop's seat Which act and form of taking possession beeing past they gave him monie and a good quantitie of Church-plate wherewith to paie his souldiers This made him return merrily to his Armie and soon after hee went to reliev Avila which was besieged by Don Iohn de Ribera before mentioned Which hee did with the loss of manie men on both sides That done hee used all means possible to mischief and endammage Don Antonio's Armie but hee could do him no great harm hee beeing grown very powerfull by reason of fresh supplies that daily came in to his assistance especially by the recruit which his Nephew Don Pedro de Guzman brother to the Duke of Medina Sidonia brought him SECT XII AT the same time that the Bishop departed from Valladolid to the Kingdom of Toledo Don Iohn de Mendoça with seven hundred men raised and paid by the Citie of Valladolid marched to succor DuenÌ„as against the Lord high Constable whom they feared would laie siege to that Town But seeing there was no great need of him there hee went to Villacis which is a wall'd Town and indifferent strong one league from Carrion which hee entred by storm and sacked Thus the confusion and ruine of the Kingdom grew daily greater and greater which much perplexed the Governors and grieved all those that were truly zealous for the publick good Yet there was no waie left unattempted to procure a peace but nothing concluded The more the Cities of the Kingdom suffred the more their hearts were hardned peremptorily resolving to stand to the rigorous arbitrement of War for the ending of their differences And
forces beeing all discomfited as wee have seen and their three principal Captains executed those of the Iunta who were in Valladolid fled away and all was of a sudden blown up like smoke in the aër Within three daies after the Cavalier's whole Armie marched to Simancas and quartered in Towns all about Valladolid intending to fall upon that Citie and treat them as such open enemies did deserv But first beeing numerous enough they possessed all the Towns and Villages thereabouts and stopt up all the Avenues suffering no provisions to bee carried in to them Whereupon the most valiant and violent of all the people began to bee crest-fallen Others that had as much as they durst opposed those past Commotions seeing the Governors victorious and powerful declared themselvs There was no Captain nor Commander left in the Citie Whereupon to make short and prevent a Summons they thought their onely way was to yield themselvs upon good conditions which they hoped the Lord Admiral though much offended out of compassion and affection to that Citie would grant them In which resolution they sent som religious men and persons of respect with much submission and humble acknowledgment of their faults to desire mercie and pardon of the Lord Admiral Who at first shewed himself very much displeased and unwilling to hearken to their desires saying Hee ought and would make an example aswel of the principal offendors as of the Common people The Souldiers who exspected notable plunder their fingers itching to measure out the silks and velvets with their Pikes as they bragg'd they would were mad becaus the word of command To fall on and enter the Citie was so long a giving out which the Inhabitants knowing every one secured their commodities the best they could But by God's help and the indulgence of the Governors a Peace and pardon was concluded and proclaimed in the market places and streets of Valladolid with great acclamations of joie and sound of Trumpets Drums and other musical instruments All the Inhabitans beeing exempted from personal punishment confiscation or loss of offices excepting twelv whom the Lord Admiral should nominate appoint to bee left out of the Articles to bee disposed of as the Governors should think fitting that they might all take notice that they had a King and Lord to whom they ovved obedience and service and such a King as did not seek after vengeance or desire the destruction of his Subjects but to pardon them with clemencie and chastise them with mercie SECT XXII THe Citie of Valladolid which had shewn so much stubbornness and obstinacie not long before proclaimed the Pardon with great contentment and thought they had obteined no smal favor to preserv their Town from beeing sacked the Souldiers beeing so ready to make the on-set The â—arl of Venavente and the Bishop of Osma were great instruments of hindring the destruction of that Citie and the Lord High Constable with all the rest of the Grandees were very glad of it esteeming that the pacification of the whole Kingdom depended upon the surrendering of Valladolid The same daie April 27 all the Cavaliers entred in great state with their Squadrons in Martial order the Hors all in Armor covered with rich scarlet coats the first that marched in were the Earl of Venavente and Earl of Haro Captain General the Earl of Castro the Earl of OnÌ„ate with their Troops their Armor was covered with scarlet embroidered with gold After them followed the Lord Admiral with the Adelantado his brother and the Earl of Osorno all in green with their troops in Armor covered with the same Liverie Next them marched the Captains and Camp masters of the Armie with their Colors flying and the Gentlemen all clad in cloth of silver and gold Then came the Bishop of Osma with those of the Council Roial the Alcaldes and Alguaziles And last of all the Lord High Constable with the Earl of Alva de Lista the Earl of Salinas the Earl of Aguilar and the Marquis of Astorga with all their men splendidly accoutred besides divers Gentlemen and Foot souldiers all in such stately manner that Valladolid was worth the seeing that daie yet it was observed that the people were so stomackful that neither man nor woman did so much as look ouâ— or open a window as if they disdained or abhorred to see them who four daies before were their moâ—tal enemies Such are the Comedies and Tragedies of this life How often did the Cavaliers desire Valladolid to make a â—eace what advantageous conditions they offered them how often did they slight their favors how many scornful answers did they return them and at last it came to this that they were constreined though with heavie hearts and hanging down their hâ—ads to receiv and treat in their houses thosâ— whom they so ill affected And those of Valladolid must aâ—knowledg a particular obligation to the Nobilitie of Castilla whom they alwaies found ready to receiv them with open arms and do them all the good offices and favor possible aswel for this daie's favor as others which by their mediation the Kings of Spain have granted them notwithstanding so great uproars and disorders as have been committed in that Citie All the rigor that was don at this time in Valladolid was the executing of an Alcalde and an Alquazil of the Iunta whom the Governors commanded to bee hanged the rest fled though no bodie prosecuted them SECT XXIII THe rout of the Junta's Armie at Villalor and the Justice â—hat was executed upon the Gentlemen there with the surrendring of Valladolid and the favor which the Governors shewed them beeing noised through the Kingdom the other Cities began to bee more submissive who before carried their heads so high DuenÌ„as courted their Earl again whom they had forced to leav the town rising up in Arms against him Palencia opened their gates to the Lord High Constable Medina del Campo did the same But Mota stood out a while upon the defensive yet at last they were glad to make their peace But the Lord High Constable and the Lord Admiral were such worthie Noblemen that they used no acts of rigor in any place and all those whom they reduced found themselvs so well with their present condition that they held themselvs as redeemed out of thraldom and oppression Onely those of Toledo continued in their willfullness The Common People murthered two brothers Biscayners named Aguirres onely upon vain surmises and suspitions which they conceived of them yet they had both been Captains under Iohâ— de Padilla Notwithstanding that the Prior of St Iuan Don Antonio de ZunÌ„iga was with his Armie in the confines of that Citie the Commoners with a great bodie and some pieces of Ordnance marched to a Castle called Almonacid and continued battring it for two daies the Governor valorously defending it which the Prior hearing presently gave command to draw all his forces into the field intending to give them battle But
notable experience of his clemencie and valour and thenceforwards the Peace and quietness grew daily more and more in the Kingdom Those of Valencia hearing what his Majestie had done at Valladolid for the Kingdom of Castilla presently sent their Commissioners humbly craving the same grace and favor from the Emperor and in particular they desired his Majestie would bee pleased to remove thence their Vice-Roy Don Diego de Mendoça whom they abhorred exceedingly deriving upon him all the fault of their past Commotions by reason of the many Tyrannies and oppressions wherewith hee had overburthened the people But those Commissioners not coming in the name and with a general power from the whole Kingdom their desires were not granted at that time Whereupon the 12 of November Anno 1522 four other Commissioners were sent with full power from the Kingdom of Valencia to tender without reserv into his Majestie 's hands all their honors lives and fortunes that hee might dispose of them at his will and pleasure absolutely resigning themselvs to his clemencie and desiring onely that hee would give them another Vice-Roy for they could not endure Don Diego de Mendoça and that hee would change som other Officers Which the Emperor to satisfie them did placing in Diego's stead the Queen Germana and making Don Iohn Marquis of Brandeburg her husband Captain General of the whole Kingdom who died in the same year After which the Emperor considering the fidelitie and Roial descent of Don Hernando de Aragon Duke of Calatria who beeing a prisoner in the Castle of Xativa in the time of Troubles the People would have set him at libertie and made him their Captain General and married him to the Queen but hee discreetly refused their offer saying That hee would not go out of prison without the Emperor's consent sent for him to Valladolid where hee did him great honor and respect and having married him to the Queen Germana who was second wife to the Catholick King Don Fernando invested them in the Government of the Kingdom of Valencia SECT XXXII WHilest the Governors of Castilla after this Victorie at Villalar were reducing and settling Segovia and the other Cities of that Kingdom with intent to pass with their Armie to suppress and quiet the disorders of the Toledians The Duke of Naxara came to them at Segovia informing them that a powerful Armie of French under the command of Monsieur de Asparros brother to Monsieur de Lautrech Vice-Roy of Milan was entred into Navarra had taken Pamplona Stilla and divers other places and not content to have run all that Countrie over to which they seemed at first onely to laie claim and that not in King Francis his name but for Don Enrique de la Brit who pretended to bee right owner of the Kingdom of Navarra At last they declared themselvs what reallie they were open enemies and marched with all their forces to assault the Citie of LogronÌ„o their word was Vivat the King and flower de Luce of France and the Commonaltie of Castilla which was a great argument that some of them held correspondence with the King of France and gave him encouragement to send his Armie thither But the valour and policie of those of LogronÌ„o was such that the French were enforc't to rais their siege and go away from thence with no inconsiderable loss and the Governors beeing com to succor LogronÌ„o pursued them and after divers skirmishes they joyned battle in the Pyrenean mountain wherein the French beeing absolutely routed and their General taken prisoner the whole Kingdom of Navarra was presently reduced under the Emperors subjection Who perceiving the animositie of the French King and the means hee used to endammage him in several parts as well in Flanders as in Spain notwithstanding the conditions of peace made betwixt the two Crowns at Noyon resolved at last to paie him in the same coin and take his full revenge of him in Italie To which effect hee first sent Embassadors to Pope Leon desiring his friendship and assistance to drive the French out of Lombardy dispossess them of Milan and restore it to Francisco Sforza Son to Lewis brother to Maximilian from whom the King of France had taken that Countrie and to retake likewise Parma and Placentia which belonged to the Church Hereupon a yearly pension of ten thousand Duckets out of the Arch-Bishoprick of Toledo and as much in lands in the Kingdom of Naples was promised to the Cardinal Iulo de Medicis for Alexander de Medicis base son to Laurencio Son to Pedro de Medicis who was Duke of Vibino The Pope was so far from disliking the motion that hee prepared monie and men to assist the Emperor making the Marquis of Pescara Marquis of Mantua his General who joyning with Prospero Colona Captain General of the Imperial forces they laid siege to the Citie of Parma which after som daies resistance they stormed and sacked The Citie and Castle of Milan they took also after which the Citie of Pavia and all the rest of the Cities and Towns belonging to the State of Milan presently surrendered themselvs This done the Imperialists notwithstanding their Armie was much lessened monie growing short by reason of the Pope's sudden death besieged and took the Cities of Como and Alexandria upon the River Ada in Lombardie About the same time the King of France advanced into Flanders with a very powerful Armie to succor the Citie of Tornay which then was besieged by the Emperors forces but beeing repulsed by Henrie Earl of Nassau and Don Hugo de Moncada hee retreated and the Citie for want of relief was surrendred to the â—mperialists In mean time Francis the first of France nothing dismaied at the crosness of his fortune sent another numerous Armie against Spain building much upon the absence of the Emperor and the distractions in that Kingdom which entring into Navarra by Puerto de Ronces Valles took the Forts of PenÌ„ol and Maya and encamp'd before Fuente Ravia a strong place in the Countrie of Guipuzcoa four leagues from Bayona which after ten or twelv daies siege despairing of any succor Diego de Vera the Governor delivered upon condition that the souldiers should all march freely out with bag and baggage the Inhabitants not to bee plundred and have libertie to staie or go out of the Town as they pleased for which hee was afterwards questioned in Castilla SECT XXXIII HEnrie the eighth King of England whom the Emperor and King of France made Arbitrator of their differences having concluded that the French King was the Peace-Breaker sent the Duke of Suffolk who had married Marie sister to Henrie the 8th and Widow to Lewis King of France with a considerable force to join with the Imperialists under the Command of Florencio Egmondio Earl of Bura at the Siege of Hesdin in the frontiers of Flanders which after two moneths time they were compelled to rais by sickness and
Citie 's assembling such Iunta's without the King's licence and autoritie Antonio Alvares de Toledo an ancient gentleman of that Citie Lord of Cedillo and som others which leaned to his faction were of this opininion either out of desire to do the King service or becaus they could not agree with the rest for such kinde of sidings have produced a world of mischief in all places or that like prudent men and free from passion they fore-saw with clearer eies the danger that would ensue th'assembling of the Cities without the King's Autoritie They gave their Votes against writing to the Cities declared against all publick or particular meetings in that kinde and said openly that in case there were a necessitie of rectifying anie thing they should in an honest and humble manner petition the Emperor to take it into his consideration Whereto those of the contrarie Judgment made several replies After long debate and contention about this matter at last those few which were of the most safe and wholesom opinion protested and required according to that which they had voted that the Corregidor and Citie would take an especial care what they did as for their parts they absolutely disapproved of Iohn de Padilla's and the other Gentlemen's Propositions The Governor Don Lewis Porto Carrero Earl of Palma beeing present adhered to this Opinion but was backwards in expressing himself in regard hâ—e had married the sister of Don Pedro Lasso who was of the contrarie Partie neither did hee answer one syllable to the other 's Protest or Requests Yet the business was so imbroiled that no resolution could bee given that daie This difference and contention amongst the chief men of the Citie beeing noised abroad the people began to mutinie and divide themselvs into Parties and Factions But the Major part inclined to the worst Opinion beeing allured and drawn on with the fair pretence of the Commâ—n good Those few who prudently perceived the contrarie gave the Emperor forthwith notice of all these passages in the Citie and Antonio Alvarez de Toledo in particular who had great intimacie with the Bishop of Palencia Mota This Advice came to the Emperor's hands just upon his departure from Aragon to Valladolid But soon after at another meeting in Toledo the Major part voted that they should write to the other Cities of the Kingdom as formerly had been propounded and that they should send to the Emperor two Regidores and two Iurados or Iurates of the Citie humbly to demand of him as shall bee set down hereafter Yet they were contradicted and the contrarie required by the same men that had opposed them before but to no purpose Whereupon the dispute grew so hot amongst them That Iohn de Padilla who stood for the Commons and Antonio Alvarez de Toledo who opposed and condemned his opinion as wicked and dangerous drew their daggers at each other in the Assemblie Don Pedro Lasso de la Vega Don Alonso Suares and two Iurates were appointed to go from the Citie to the Emperor who having put themselvs in equipage forthwith departed Letters were presently dispatcht and sent to the other Cities although the same distemper and factions were already brewing in divers of them before they were delivered At that same time was brought to Toledo from the Emperor a Summons to assist in the Parlament which hee had call'd in Galicia And according to the custom of Toledo which is for the Regidores and Iurates that are present to draw lots and one of each to go upon whomsoëver the lot fall's It was Don Iohn de Silva's chance who afterwards was Marquess of Monte-Mayor to go as Regidor of Toledo and Alonso de Aguirre as Iurate To whom becaus they held the opinion of the contrarie Partie The Citie would not give a full and general Power according to the Emperor's Commands but an especial and limited one to see and hear what the Emperor desired and with an injunction to give them advice thereof to the end that from time to time the Citie might order them what to do and that in no case they should grant anie Subsidies or anie thing els Which Power Don Iohn de Silva would not accept nor go to the Parlament upon those tearms exspecting they should give him the full and usual Power and that the Emperor should send his Command to that effect There was such trouble and opposition in this business that hee could never obtain that Power neither did they go to the Parlament SECT X. THe Emperor returned an answer to Antonio Alvarez de Toledo and the others who had given him notice of the several Passages thanking them for their fidelitie and acknowledging the good service they had don him therein charging them moreover to persevere but with rhe greatest wariness and discretion that might bee To the Corregidor Don Lewis de Palma hee wrote likewise reprehending him of his lukewarmeness and small resolution and gave him order what to do thenceforwards but hee did not punctually obeie his Majestie 's Orders nor observ the manner which was most convenient for hee was a man of too milde a disposition which suit 's very ill with those who are to govern especially in cases of that nature Whereupon som few daies after hee gave up his Command and the Emperor sent Don Antonio de Cordova the Earl of Cabra's brother to take his place but hee came too late to applie anie remedie to those disorders Thus the affairs of Toledo wax't wors and wors and the audaciousness of the People was grown to such a height that they made new Assemblies everie daie in favor of that which they called Communaltie by consent and order of Iohn de Padilla and Hernando de Avalos who were the chief Incendiaries and favorers of these disturbances Toledo excepting against the fore-mentioned Commissioners agreed to constitute others with an especial power to present certain articles to the Emperor which they had by waie of Instruction from the Citie touching the general good of the Kingdom Don Pedro Lasso and Don Alonso Suares were appointed to go as Regidores of the Citie and Michael de Hita and Alonso Ortiz as Iurates The Contents of their Commission were these That they should beseech the Emperor not to depart the Kingdom representing unto him the Inconveniences which might arise by his absence in regard the Kingdom of Castillia could not live without their King beeing not accustomed to bee under anie particular man's Government That hee should not give anie Office or Charge in that Kingdom to anie stranger and that hee should take those away again which hee had so bestowed That hee should not take anie monie out of the Kingdom for anie person in the World becaus they had already contributed so much that the Kingdom was reduced to great povertie That in the Parlament which hee had now assembled hee should not demand anie Subsidies especially if hee continued in the resolution of departing
the Kingdom That the Parlament should bee adjourned and held in Castillia and not at Santjago nor in the Kingdom of Galicia That the Offices and Governments should not bee vendible That som good order should bee taken in the Inquisition which might tend to the service and glorie of God and that no bodie should bee molested That the grievances and wrongs of private Persons of the Kingdom should bee righted and repaired These were the principal heads of the demands Toledo then sent to his Majestie but the Commotions increasing gave them the boldness to add new matter to their Petition as you shall see hereafter SECT XI I Have declared already the combustions that were in Valladolid and the Emperor's determination to depart thence purposing to take his waie by Tordesillas to visit the Queen his mother Which beeing known and noised through the Citie moreover that hee would carrie his mother out of the Kingdom with him the Citizens and Common People were so much troubled at it that they vented divers as bitter exclamations as a furious passion could dictate to their disturbed mindes But the chief Burgesses Deputies and other Officers met in Consultation at the Monasterie of St Paul to take order for investing their Commissioners with a general Power to grant what the Emperor should demand in Parlament to petition his Majestieâ—om â—om things in their favor and to kiss his hand before his departure While they were thus assembled on Mondaie morning Don Pedro Lasso with his Companions arriveing the same daie at Valladolid and beeing alighted went to visit them But Alonso Ortiz his fellow Commissioner who resided in Court said in regard the Emperor was gon to Church to praie for his good journie to Tordesillas that hee thought it convenient for them to go first to the Palace for perchance his Majestie beeing informed of their arrival would vouchsafe to staie a little and give them Audience In this interim som Inhabitants of Valladolid beeing told of the Toledo-Commissioner's coming went to salute them desiring that they would indevor to procure som Remedie against those miseries and grievances under which the Kingdom then so much groaned Hereupon it was agreed amongst them that the Towns-men should presently put themselvs in a readiness to oppose and hinder the Emperor from going out of the Kingdom or depart that Citie in which attempt Don Pedro Lasso offered to venture his fortune with them if they would stand to him and that they should seiz upon Xeures and som Flemings of the chief of his Majestie 's Council and Bed-chamber binding first those Towns-men with a solemn oath not to desert him in that enterprize Beeing pricked with this over-dilligent itch of putting in execution the orders and Commands which their Citie had imposed upon them before they went to kiss the Emperor's hands which had been the right waie beeing accompanied with a gang of Common People and som Deputies of the Wards who by this time were come in to them they went directly to the Monasterie of St Paul to salute and communicate their design with the chief of the Citie there assembled To whom they made a speech signifying the Causses of their comming and what they intended to desire of his Majestie in behalf of their Citie justifying their demands and coloring them with the most specious pretences that could bee And indeed as at first their meaning was their affection and zeal to their Prince were such that their thoughts I believ differed nothing from their expressions until things were brought unto such a pass that there was no hopes of remedie and that those that had the power or the wisdom made a breach through their miseries as did Don Pedro Lasso and divers other gentlemen And at the last they desired that as they had written and offered to the Citie of Toledo they would send their Commissioners with them to make a Joint-demand of the same things which Salamanca and other Cities desired for a Petition beeing countenanced by so manie Cities would bee much more available Their speech beeing thus ended by the general consent of the Assemblie Don Hernando Enriquez brother to the Lord Admiral returned them this answer That as yet they were not fully determined what to do and for that caus they were there assembled That they would resolv upon that which should tend most to the King's service and the good of the Kingdom That they might do what they saw good The Commissioners of Toledo perceiving Valladolid otherwaies inclined then they exspected went forthwith to the Palace leaving them in consultation SECT XII THey came to the Emperor's Chamber of presence just as hee was risen from dinner With his Majestie were the Marquis of Villena the Earl of Venavente the Earl of Miranda the Duke of Alburquerque the Earl of Haro the Earl of Castro the Earl of Palma the Marquis of Brandenbourg the Archbishop of Santjago the Bishop of Palencia Monsieur de Xeures and Don Pedro Giron the Earl of Urenia's eldest son It hapned as those Commissioners came in Don Pedro Giron was talking with the King so loud that everie one might hear him Hee said that his Majestie might remember that beeing at Barcelona the first of March anno 1519 hee did him the honor to give him a writing under his hand wherein hee promissed that at his arrival in Castilla hee would command the Judges to examine and determine according to Law the right which hee pretended and claimed to the Estate of Medina Sidonia as the portion and inheritance of the Ladie Mencia de Gusman his wife Daughter to the Duke Don Iohn deceased and that his Majestie beeing since at Burgos hee had again refresh't his memorie by waie of Petition that hee had don the like there in Valladolid and yet his Majestie was upon his departure without giving anie order for the performance of that which hee had promised under his hand and hereupon hee fell into a vain of very presumptuous language such as savored of too much sauciness and audacitie Amongst other things hee said That since his Majestie did not do him Justice hee intended to right himself with his own hand and that for so great an injurie and without reason so publick and so known as his Majestie had made it to all the world by suffering him to bee so abused against Equitie or Justice and contrary to that which his Majestie did owe to his own Royal word hee having so punctually performed all the duties that could bee required of his Loialtie hee had now no more to saie or do but onely to let his Majestie understand That for fault of the remedie which hee did not give him and for the great injurie which hee now did him hee could and would make use of all those provisions which the Laws of the Kingdom of Spain did ordain in favor and for the redressing of oppressed and injured Gentlemen and to this effect it was sufficient to ask his Majestie 's permission
no ground for this tumult it was presently appeased and the people were ashamed and sorrie for the irreverence and disrespect they had shewn the Emperor The Officers of Justice of Valladolid began to make diligent inquirie who had rung the Bell or who gave order for the ringing of it But the Portuguez could not bee found so others paied for him Som had their feet cut off Som were whipped Som banished and their goods confiscate Som others had their houses pluck't down There was whip't amongst others a Goldsmith a man of good account a Citizen of the Town becaus it was proved that hee had received som Letters from the said Portuguez som other Goldsmiths and som officers of the Town beeing also taken were very much afraid that they should bee brought to the like publick shame and punishment But the Emperor beeing informed of the good intention of that Citie towards him and that what they had don was not out of malice or anie premeditated design to do him anie injurie hee sent an Order for releasment of the prisoners and commanded that there should bee no more said of it The Dean having apprehended and clap't in prison three Priests of St Michael's Church the Judges of the Court in the Emperor's name required him to deliver them the said Priests in regard they were accused to have given their consents to the ringing of the Bell. They were accordingly delivered and carried upon three great Mules with Irons upon their legs through the chief streets of the Citie until they came to Fuen-Saldania's Fort which then stood for the King and was kept by the sons of Don Iohn de Vivero Viscount of Altamira becaus hee had unworthily made away his wife and there they remained manie daies until the Emperor was satisfied of the truth SECT XIV THe Emperor came to Tordesillas soundly wet and durtie and no bodie with him but Xeures the rest could not keep pace with him and having refreshed himself there one daie hee continued on his journie to Villalpando where hee had appointed the Commissioners of Toledo to attend him They beeing com thither before met with the Commissioners of Salamanca who were Don Pedro Maldonado who was afterwards beheaded and Antonio Fernandez Regidores of that Citie with them were their Messingers also viz. Iohn Alvarez Maldonado and Antonio Enriquez who were chiâ—fly sent to underfeel what instructions those of Toledo had in all particulars and had order to conform themselvs in all points to the Messengers of that Citie At Villalpando a Town belonging to the Lord High Constable did these Commissioners and others exspect his Majestie 's coming Upon Sundaie after they had been at Church they went to the Palace to the end the Emperor should give them audience while they were attending his Majestie 's pleasure in the Hall came to them Don Garzia de Padilla and MoÌ„ta Bishop of Palencia who wished them in the Emperor's name but they thought it was from Xeures to tell them the message they had from their Citie Don Pedro Lasso and Don Alonso answered That their Citie had commanded them to speak to his Majestie and though they importuned them never so much they would not declare unto them their business Thereupon the Bishop and Don Garzia returned into the King's Chamber but after a little time came out again and told these Commissioners that if they would not give them an account wherefore they were com before they kissed his Majestie 's hand they should not have audience The Commissioners seeing there was no remedie conâ—ented to impart the substance of their Message to them which done it was agreed that at two a clock in the afternoon if they returned to the Palace they should have audience They suspected that this diligence and earnestness of the Bishop's and Don Garzia'â— to know their business was becaus the Emperor at that time beeing very young and not much versed in State-affairs Xeures who was verie discreet and politick had put them on to urge it before they were admitted to the end hee might prepare the Emperor to give them an answer The Commissioners returned at the hour and delivered their message to the King but would not consent that anie others should bee present onely the Bishop and Don Garzia the substance of their discours was as â— have said They insisted chiefly that his Majestie ought not to go out of the Kingdom and conluded with this Article saying however if hee did resolv upon his departure that hee would command such order to bee left for the Government that the Cities of the Kingdom might have their share therein And likewise that hee would bee pleased to demand no Subsidies at all and other things reasonable enough as wee shâ—ll see hereafter Which indeed were so just that a Dore-keeper nam'd Duranges wep't to hear them considering the great reason the Castillians had to complain But it availed them little at that time for they were then discountenanced and not treated according as their's and their Ancestor's good service had deserved The Emperor told them onely that hee had heard them and would give order for their answer The same hee said to those of Salamanca who spake to him afterwards and in effect desired the same things as the Toledians had telling him moreover that they had order from their Citie to conform themselvs in everie thing with the Commissioners of Toledo To whom the Emperor sent word by the Bishop Mota and Don Garzia de Padilla That in regard his Council was at Venavente whither hee was to go within two daies they should not fail to meet him there to receiv their answer which they did accordingly The Emperor beeing arrived at Venavente Don Pedro Lasso and his Companion presented themselvs for their answer Whereupon the Emperor commanded his Council of Iustice and of State to assemble who having considered the circumstances and manner of those Commissioners jointly gave their opinion that they deserved rather to bee punished then to receiv anie good answer or satisfaction to their demands wherefore the Emperor sent for them into his chamber and with a severely frowning Countenance as Don Pedro Lasso afterwards declared told them that hee was not pleased with what they did and that if hee did not consider from what Parents they were descended hee would have them punished according to their deserts for medling with what they had undertaken and that they should go to the President of his Council who would tell them further what they were to do They began to excuse themselvs but the Emperor not willing to hear them retired himself Then Don Garzia de Padilla taking them aside gave them a notable schooling and reproved them sharply for what they had done telling them that their boldness in insisting so much to the hinderance of a journie which so deeply concerned not onely the honor and reputation of the Emperor but also the securitie and preservation of his Estate was beyond the thought
of pardon And that the things which they had done had been the occasion of disaffecting and disquieting the mindes of other Commissioners and of the whole Kingdom by reason of the precedence and Autoritie which Toledo had amongst all the Cities of Castilla which they should do well to consider and seriously to reflect upon After this they went to the President of his Majestie 's Council who was the Arch-Bishop of Granada as the Emperor had commanded them The President told them that what hee had to give them for answer was that his Majestie was going to hold a Parlament in the Citie of Santjago where all the Commissioners of the Kingdom were to assemble That Toledo should send theirs thither with a memorial of the things they desired which beeing perused and examined The Emperor would give such Orders as should bee most expedient for his service and the general good of his Kingdoms and Subjects moreover hee willed them to desist from medling anie further in those matters but to return and deal with their Citie to send their Commissioners as the other Cities of the Kingdom did and not to affect such innovations as they had begun Whereunto they made answer that indeed they were not imploied by the Kingdom but they desired however that those things might bee granted for the good of the Kingdom And refusing to follow his advice but rather thinking it a point of honor to persist in what they had begun they followed the Emperor to Santjago SECT XV. THe Emperor passing through Leon Astorga and Villa Franca del Vierso was in everie place petitioned that hee would bee pleased to keep the Parlament in Castilla but they availed nothing And these Commissioners of Toledo beeing arrived at Santjago sollicited very hard the Commissioners of the other Cities that were likewise com thither indeavoring to draw them to their opinion pressing them to stand upon the same tearms Toledo did as their Cities had offered Those from Salamanca did the like shewing themselvs much of the Toledo faction The Emperor would by no persuasions bee brought to hold the Parlament in Castilla but neer the Sea-side becaus Xeures would have it so and the Fleming desired it the rather out of fear that the People would murther him for hee knew how ill hee was beloved amongst them and hee perceived that if there were anie tumult or uproar they would begin with him Besides seeing himself verie rich hee desired exceedingly to bee out of Spain and that if there should fall out anie mutinie or disorder in Parlament beeing near the Sea-side hee could with more facilitie secure his person and goods As for the Emperor 's own particular it concerned him no more to call a Parlament at Santjago then at Valladolid or Burgos or anie other Citie of Castilla At last beeing arrived at Santjago at the end of March with manie Grandees and Nobles of Spain the Parlament began on Mundaie the first of April following anno 1520 whereof was President Don Hernando de Vega Commendador Mayor de Castilla Father to Don Iohn de Vega who was Vice-King of Sicilia a person of great note Don Garcia de Padilla and Zapata were his Assistants The Emperor sitting the first daie himself in Parlament commanded that the Propositions should be made in his own hearing which declared the just and great occasions that pressed him to undertake the Journie hee was then upon the extraordinarie exspences it did require and the vast charges hee had been at in coming into that Kingdom besides the great Armies hee had raised and maintained against the Infidels and the charges of sending the Infante Don Fernando his brother out of that Countrie desiring them that they would assist him with the accustomed Subsidies and that in his absence they would keep the Peace and fidelitie as from such loial and good Subjects might bee exspected Although som Commissioners would have opposed the granting him anie such Subsidie they did not however discover their intention that daie onely the forenamed of Salamanca who openly refused the solemnitie of the ordinarie Oath unless his Maiestie would first grant them the things which they desired Which beeing condemned for a great unmannerliness and disrespect they were forbidden to come anie more into the hous Then Don Pedro Lasso said that hee had brought a memorial and instructions from the Citie of Toledo what hee was to do and grant in Parlament and that his Majestie might see them that hee could not go beyond his Commission but would perform and execute it in that manner as should be most agreeable to his Majestie otherwise hee would rather choose to bee cut in pieces or have his head cut off then to give his consent to a thing so prejudicial to his Citie and the whole Kingdom This answer was back't by the Commissioners of Sevilla Cordova Salamanca Toro Zamora and Sancho Zimbron Commissioner of Avila from which they could not bee drawn Whereupon the Parlament was adjourned for three or four daies there beeing amongst them such jealousies and fears as usually proceed from discontented mindes SECT XVI THe Kingdom of Galicia was much distasted at this Parlament becaus they had no Commissioner allowed and that Zamora spake for them notwithstanding Galicia was one of the greatest and most ancient Kingdoms of Spain and the source of the greatest Nobilitie The Arch-Bishop of of Santjago Don Alonso de Fonseca who was afterwards Arch-Bishop of Toledo the Earl of Venavente and the Earl of Villalva Don Hernando de Andrada went all together to St Francisco where the Parlament was kept and having obtained entrance they thus spake to the high Chancellor who was President and the Commissioners there present It is not unknown that Galicia is a distinct Kingdom from Castilla that in former times they had their Votes in the Parlaments held in Castilla and that from a certain time only they were subject to the Votes of the Citie of Zamora which was of the Kingdom of Castilla and Leon which was a great grievance and prejudice to them therefore they did desire out of favor of the Commissioners there present and if need were they would require them that they would admit of the Commissioners which that Kingdom of Galicia should nominate who should bee ready to obey whatsoever his Majestie should command them And in so doing they would oblige them very much but in case they were refused they protested that they would not stand to anie thing that the Commissioners of Zamora should denie or grant and of that they desired witness Hence grew som hurlie-burlie and tumult in the Parlament For one Garci Ruyz de la Mota Bishop Mota's brother who was Commissioner for Burgos took upon him to answer and thwarted the Earl of Villalva with language that was much displeasing This was forthwith noised in the Court whereupon the Emperor sent presently the Bishop Mota to qualifie the matter Hee was hardly at the gate of the Cloister
where the Parlament was held when hee met the Arch-Bishop and the Earl coming forth The Bishop perceiving the Earl of Villalva much incensed to pacifie his choller accosted him with very smooth and civil Language expressing much sorrow that his brother had so much forgotten himself Amongst other words that passed between the Bishop and the Earl Villalva chanced to let slip these You have a prettie fellow to your brother my Lord Bishop and withall hee swore that if they supported him hee would join with Don Pedro Lasso And in regard Don Pedro Lasso was so fixed to the interest of the Kingdom which was not very pleasing to Xeures and others that sate at the helm These words of the Earl's were presently carried to the Palace whereupon an Alcalde de Casa y Corte that is an officer in the nature of our Judges of oyer and terminer commanded the â—arl to quit the Court within one houre and not to return to it without his Majestie 's permission At the houre 's end hee went from Santjago to the Groyne where his hous and estate laie But soon after the Emperor going from Santjago to the Groyne readmitted him into his presence and favor SECT XVII IN this Occurrence som Grandees of the Kingdom which followed the Court accused Xeures highly to Emperor and bid him beware that the Fleming did not counsel him for his own ends Hereupon there passed som angrie expressions betwixt Xeures the Earl of Venavente and the Arch-Bishop of Santjago and they began to breed factions in the Court This Arch-Bishop and som others began to make private meetings and consult how they might provide themselvs with arms and men secretly The Emperor perceived it and if hee had not remedied it in time hee had found it troublesom enough The Earl of Venavente and others left the Court discontented The Emperor knew the sidings and dissentions that had been in Toledo and how they had refused to give a full power to their Commissioners Don Iohn de Silva and Aguirre which considered the Emperor and his Council were of opinion that it would not be amiss to send to som of the chief Officers that opposed it to come to Court and send others his Majestie 's servants to supplie their places for taking som out and supplying their places with others they might do whatsoever his Majestie commanded To that effect were presently dispatched Orders whereby Hernando de Avalos Iohn de Padilla Iohn Carrillo Gonzalo Gaytan Don Pedro de Ayala and Pedro de Herrera all Regidores and Officers of the Citie were commanded under great penalties everie man of them to make his personal appearance at the Court within such a time And Lope de Guzman Rodrigo Ninio and Martin de Ayala were commanded under the same penaltie to go to supplie their places at Toledo to the end that these beeing gon thither and the others com away the Citie might revoke the powers which they had given to Don Pedro Lasso and Don Alonso and give others to Don Iohn de Silva and Alonso de Aguirre These Orders beeing signified to the above-named they all excused themselvs onely Herrera who in obedience to his Majestie 's Commands went to the Court These weeds of dissention increased daie by daie in Toledo and the other Cities of Castilla and in the Court it self manie bitter words were buzzed up and down countenancing and approving these proceedings and the demands of Don Pedro Lasso and others as tending to the general good of the Kingdom SECT XVIII THe Messingers and Commissioners of Toledo and Salamanca with other associates made this Request to the Rest that in regard the Commissioners which Toledo was to send particularly for that Parlament were not yet com and those which were there from Salamanca were not admitted there should bee nothing granted or determined until those of the one and of the other Citie were present If otherwise they protested That it should not bee anie Prejudice to their Cities This beeing ingrossed verie fair they carriyd it to St Francisco where the Parlament sate taking a Notarie with them called Antonio Rodriguez who was afterwards Clerk of the Iunta And they demanded Audience But notwithstanding manie voted for them those of Toledo were refused and forbidden to enter in respect they were not Commissioners appointed for that Parlament Thereupon they made their Acts and Protests at the dore saying that the King's Commissioners could not assemble in Parlament without the Commissioners of Toledo that their non-appearance proceeded from their own particular negligence not anie fault of their Citie 's in regard they had their Powers delivered them that they beeing members of the said Citie did require them not to assemble in Parlament until those Commissioners of Toledo were arrived and against the contrarie they protested And whatsoever should be enacted in anie such Parlament without them they declared to bee void and of none effect and should bee no waies prejudicial to the Citie of Toledo nor the whole Kingdom Manie persons of note were witnesses to this Protest and it occasioned much scandal in the Court Don Pedro Lasso and his companion slighted his Majestie 's commands which were signified to them by the Secretarie Covos Which beeing told the Emperor hee gave immediate command to banish them that verie daie beeing Palm Sundaie and accordingly in the evening his Secretarie Francisco de los Covos and Iohn Ramirez Secretarie to the Council of Iustice went to the lodging of those Toledo-Commissioners and in the Emperor's name signified to each of them severally his Mâ—jestie's pleasure commanding Don Alonso de Suarez the next daie beeing mundaie to leav the Court and that within two moneths hee should go serv â—nd reside where that Companie of men laie whereof hee was Captain where hee should remain until further order from his Majestie under pain of forfeiting his goods and the said Captain's place Don Pedro Lasso was likewise commanded to absent from Court the same Mundaie and within fortie daies to go and reside in the Government of the Fort of Gibraltar which was his own inheritance and not to depart thence without the Emperor's leav under penaltie of forfeiting that Command and all the rest of his estate whatsoever The Iurates were also commanded to leav the Court immediately And there was order given in their lodgings that they should not entertein them anie longer They demanded Copies hereof but were refused so they went to Iohn Ramirez chamber and by much importunitie they obteined one but not signed The Toledians beeing extreamly troubled that they were banished the Court with so much rigor two hours within night Don Pedro and Don Alonso with the Iurate Ortiz went to the Palace Ortiz went in to Xeures and acquainted him thaâ— such gentlemen were come to speak with him Xeâ—res bad him speak to his servants to set up lights in his chamber and that they should stay there for him Xeures beeing come they spent above two
hopes of bringing these men to their byas went and agreed with the Fryars of St Augustin and those of St Iuan de los Reyes That the general Procession beeing com from the Cathedral Church to the Augustines and the People all assembled those Fryars should lay hands upon them whom his Majestie had commanded to appear in Court which they alleadged they might safely do in regard men of their Coat had nothing to loos and were exempt besides from any punishment the King could iuflict upon them This beeing agreed upon it hapned that going in the Procession Hernando de Avalos and Don Francisco de Herrera a Canon of Toledo and Chaplain Major of the King's Chappel who was afterwards Arch-Bishop of Granada ten daies onely fell to words which occasioned so great a nois and hurly-burly amongst the People that to pacifie them the former agreement was forgotten So their design took no effect Padilla and his Consorts seeing they could not accomplish their desires That the Emperor departed not the Kingdom as yet and that the prefixed time of their appearance at Court was exspired fearing least the Governor of Toledo should execute the Penalties specified in the Orders or apprehend them and send them to Court They resolved to accost certain mean fellows of Scandalous and mutinous dispositions that led a shifting and discontented life about the Citie The chief whereof were one called Xara and a Petifogging Solliciter to whom they promised large rewards giving them order with the rest of their gang to seiz upon them These Fellows knowing that Hernando de Avalos Iohn de Padilla and the rest were great sticklers for the good of the Kingdom and that particularly for the benefit of that Citie they had exposed themselvs to so great danger They thought themselvs obliged to countenance and assist them and not to suffer them to go out of Toledo and were glad of the Emploiment For besides that of their own disposition they were seditious and naâ—urally affected novelties the hope of recompence and seeing what esteem and value those Gentlemen set upon them animated them with a desperate vain courage to doe as followeth SECT XXII HErnando de Avalos and Iohn de Padilla seeing their design goe forward to their own contentments agreed to make a shew as if they intended to perform the Emperror's Commands in appearing at Court So beeing fitted for the journey they took Witnesses of their departure the sixteenth of April Iohn de Padilla was no sooner out of his hous but a rabble of forty or fiftie men who had the watch-word met him in the street and in a violent tumultuous manner laying hands on him som cryed out let us keep Iohn de Padilla here let him not go to the Court Others let us never consent that hee or any of the other gentlemen should go out of Toledo for that would bee the ruine of the Common-People and it were an exceeding crueltie and ingratitude to let them go to the Court to suffer there Hereupon the People so flocked from all parts of the Citie that in very short time they exceeded the number of six thousand men most of them beeing armed cryed out with loud voices kill kill Xeures and the Flemings that have robb'd Spain and let Hernando de Avalos and Iohn de Padilla the Fathers and Defenders of this Republick live let them live With this tumultuous nois and hubbub they hurried away Iohn de Padilla prisoner notwithstanding hee protested and required them with a cunningly framed dissimulation that they would let him go to fulfil the commands hee had received from his Majestie Having put him into a Chappel in a Part of the Cathedral Church called the Bishop Don Pedro Tenoma's Cloister they made him swear as hee was a gentlman that hee would remain a Prisoner in that Chappel and not offer to stir out of it without leav or order from them then they fetched Hernando de Avalos Gonsalo Gaytan Don Pedro de Ayala and the rest and committing them all prisoners in the same Chappel they set guards upon them These gentlemen made protest upon protest against that detaining of them whereby they were disenabled to undertake their journie to Câ—urt and perform what the Emperor's Orders imported but they were very glad within themselvs of that invention so handsomly to prevent their going SECT XXIII THis done the same Mutineers went to the Governor Don Antonio de Cordoua and required him to recall and make void the Notification of the Emperor's Orders which hee had made to those gentlemen and chiefly that hee would command them under pain of death not to obey that summons The Governor began to shew his courage and commanded a Proclamation to bee read in every street that they should all retire to their dwellings and lay down their Armes But they slighted his autoritie and in stead of obeying they began to cry out som let us kill him others let us turn him and all his Officers out and choos others for the Communalty Seeing himself in this danger and possessed with a panick fear to pleas the People Hee did what they required And sent immediately to the Gentlemen Prisoners an absolute Command not to go out of the Citie but remain there for so doing would bee more conducing to his Majestie 's service Hereof they took certificates which they sent to Alonso Ortiz that hee might present them to his Majestie in their defence which hee did accordingly and spake to som of the Council about it believing the matter had been really so and urging for instance that his Majestie did not see what was most expedient for the Kingdome 's good as they desired Som are of opinion that if the Governor of Toledo had Punished that seditious tumult in stead of condescending to their desires which hee might then have don hee had prevented a world of miserie and mischief that was occasioned by the succeeding war For the beginners of that hubbub were not many and of meanest of the people And at that time there were divers gentlemen in Toledo who would have assisted him in the suppressing of them especially Don Iohn de Sylva with divers of his kindred and opinion although som of them were drawn the other way The Governor's timiditie and want of resolution so much emboldned the People that they seized on him and others that would have prosecuted against the first and chief instruments of this commotion Which had been otherwise carried if the Governor had had so much Spirit and courage as hee ought but that was so little that hee retired himself into his hous where hee continued som few dayes without anie power or respect after which hee left the Citie for fear least the People should murther him SECT XXIV HErnando de Avalos and Iohn de Padilla perceiving that to avoid one mischief they had fallen into a greater bethought themselvs that in respect the Emperor was then ready to go out of the Kingdom to excuse and
bee no lodging allowed for those of the Council Judges nor anie such like Officers That the King should not give general or particular billets for the lodging of anie That the taxes and impositions should bee reduced to a certain number and the Pole-monie set at a just and moderate rate whereby the People might perceiv the grace and favor his Majestie did them That the subsidies granted by the Commissioners at the Groyn should not bee received nor demanded neither should there bee anie â—ew taxes or extraordinary tribute imposed upon the Kingdome without som evident necessitie and that it were thought requisite for the good of the Kingdom and his Majestie 's service That the King should not â—end any instructions to the Cities or form of granting Powers nor nominate any particular men for Officers but that the Cities and towns should have the freedom and libertie to bestow and confer their Powers upon such men as they should finde zealous for the good of their Republicks That the Commissioners in Parlament should have the libertie to meet when and where they pleased and to discours and confer freely with one another That such Commissioners during their emploiment should not receiv of the King anie Office favor or gift whatsoever for themselvs their Wives Children or kindred under pain of death and confiscation of goods and that those goods should bee employed for the publick reparations of the Citie or Town whereof they were Commissioners to the end that they should bee the more careful to do onely that which was most expedient for the glory of God the service of his Majestie and good of the Kingdom That everie Commissioner or Burgess should have a competent allowance from the place whose persons they represented That the Parlament beeing ended the several Commissioners should return within forty dayes to give account of what they had done under pain of losing their wages and emploiment That no gold or Silver coyned or to bee coyned should bee transported out of the Kingdom under pain of death In regard the contrary having been done the Kingdomes were impoverished and destroied That there should bee monie coyned differing as well in value as stamp from that of the neighboring Countries and that it should bee of a base alloy two Carats under the rate of the finest gold That in Weight and value it should bee answerable to the Crowns of Gold which are coyned in France Becaus that would bee a means that it should not bee transported Manie other artickles were given in touching gold and silver the particular favors and rewards of the King and other matters of justice But that which they insisted most upon was that the Councils should bee strictly looked to That the Chancery and other Courts in the Kingdom should bee visited or reviewed from six to six years and that all suits should bee dispatched in order and determined whithin a certain time without any delay That there should bee no appealing from Court to Court but that each case should bee decided at it's own Tribunal That no Counsellor or other whosoever should enjoie two offices but should apply himself to one onely These and manie other things the Nobles and Commissioners of the Kingdom desired but they fell into the hands of Strangers the King beeing young and full of thoughts of his Voiage and possession of his Empire So they remained And in regard these and other such like propositions were slighted and layd aside though presented with much zeal and affection the whole Kingdom burst out and slipping in one they fell into the Precipice of manie inconveniences as it is commonly seen They desired one thing verie Holie in the Chapter concerning Ecclesiastical dignities and pensions That they should not bee conferred upon strangers and that the acts of Naturalization which had been made should bee revoked That in the Ecclesiastical Courts there should bee no more duties payed then in the secular and that they should observ the same Statute Which I would it were well seen unto in these times There were likewise som complaints and Petitions given in against Pedrarias de Avila a gentleman of good note and quality brother to the Earl of Punio en Rostro and who had done great services yet hee was accused by som of his enemies and charged for having put manie to death unjustly at the discoverie of the Indies and committed divers Robberies and Tyrannies There were seaven consultations hereupon and Pedrarias was quitted by them all and the Emperor himself taking particular notice of the services which hee had done at Oran in Africa and the taking of Buxia besides other places in the Indies freed him notwithstanding these fals and passionate accusations and confirmed him in the government and charge which formerly had been conferred upon him and gave him som rewards besides But all this was not sufficient to stop the mouths of his enemies who gave occasion to strangers not onely of speaking ill but also of writing against this gentleman who was valiant in his own person and of antient extraction in this Kingdom And others not knowing to the contrary have followed them in the prejudicial censure of this nation and the Nobilitie thereof SECT XXXII TO the grief of those gentlemen who took ill Cardinal Adriano's beeing Governor by a general consent of the Council and Don Antonio de Rojas Arch-Bishop of Granada then President Hee was confirmed Governor of Castilla and Navarra jointly with those of his Council who were Don Alonso Tellez Lord of la-Puebla de Montalvan Hernando de Vega Chancellor of the order in Castilla Don Iohn de Fonseca Bishop of Burgos Don Antonio de Rojas Arch-Bishop of Granada and President of his Majestie 's Council of Justice and Francisco de Vargas Treasurer general these were to reside at Valladolid Antonio de Fonseca Lord of Coca was appointed Captain General of the kingdom and Don Iohn Brother to the Bishop of Burgos his Treasurer Don Iohn de la Nuza was Governor of Aragon Don Diego de Mendoza brother to the Marquis of Zenete Vice-Roy of Valencia All being thus ordered for the Government of the kingdom and the winde coming faire upon Saturday the 19.th of May at Sun-set The Emperor commanded to bee Proclaimed That all the mariners and his retinue should goe on board that night for the next day in the morning hee would set saile Sunday the 20.th of May before day hee did his devotion and received the Sacrament after which hee tooke ship Don Alonso de Fonseca Arch-Bishop of Santjago Don Iuan de Fonseca Bishop of Burgos Don Inigo de Velasco Constable of Castilla and Leon Don Diego Lopez Pacheco Marquis of Villena Don Alonso Pimentel Earl of Benavente Don Iohn Osorio Marquis of Astorga and divers other persons of quality waited on him to the Sea-side Those that imbarked with him were Don Fadrique de Toledo Duke of Alva the Marquis of Villa Franca and his son Don Hernando de
Andrade Earl of Andrade Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoza who did great services to the Emperor and Monsieur de Xeures with the rest of the Flemings So with a most harmonious noise of Minstrels and Trumpets they weighed ancker and set saile with great acclamations of joy leaving sad Spaine over-charged with sorrow and misfortunes They shaped their course directly for England and the sixth day the whole Fleet arrived at the Downs The same day being whitsunday The Emperor landed with all his nobility and servants where hee was received by the Cardinal of England favorite to King Henry the Eight and by whom hee was much governed The same night the King of England came by post thither the expressions of affection and the great contentment which the King of England seemed to take in his Majestie 's company were beyond relation The next day the two King 's went to visite St Tho of Canterburie's tomb where Queen Katherine wife to King Henry and Aunt to the Emperor attended them in a sumptuously adorned Palace wherein they spent the three dayes of whitsuntide with great Jollity and feasting The holy-daies being past and the Princes having treated sufficiently of what concerned them and confirmed a Peace with great testimonies of affection on both sides the Emperor took leave of his Aunt and the King and went to Deal a harbour in the same Island And so imbarked again and sailed to Flushing His arrivall was incredibly welcom to the Inhabitants of all those Provinces the same expressions of joy were all Germany over assoon as they knew of his landing where hee was infinitely desired Hee went from Holland into Flanders without anie stay but in all places where hee did pass hee was most Splendidly entertained especially at Gant where Margarita his Aunt and the Infante Don Fernando his brother who was Arch-Duke of Austria exspected his coming Thence hee went towards Calis to visit again the King and Queen of England who mean time the Emperor was at Sea met the King of France there who endeavoured all hee could to possess the King of England with a disaffection of the Emperor whose power and greatnesse hee envied and repined at Having made this second visit the Emperor returned to Gant where hee put himself in fit equipage to receiv the Crown at Aquisgran Where we will leave him for the present and return to relate the the miseries and troubles of Spain SECT XXXIII THe Emperor's departure was diversly resented in Spain Those that were honestly minded and of sober and quiet dispositions approved of it esteeming it just and requisite but feared much what after did ensue But the factious and Seditious Party were otherwise affected They rejoiced at it and hugged themselvs in the fancie and vain hope of increasing their estates and reputation with these dissensions and alterations delighting as the Proverb saith to fish in troubled water The Emperor being gone from the Groyn all the Nobilitie and Gentrie which stayed behinde returned to their owne houses and the Commissioners or Burgesses of Parlament repayred to their respective Cities and towns with feare enough of their Republicks The Cardinal and those of his Council tooke their way towards Valladolid and before they arrived there newes was brought them of the Commotions of the Cities of Castilla The Emperor was very ill advised in not leaving the government of those Kingdoms to some Nobleman of that Countrie as was desired of him in Parlament whom as a Grandee of note and power they might feare and love honor and respect him as their Countryman Or if they had done as when necessitie constrained them they did afterwards all had been well The fault being laid upon Xeures hee sayed That it was not so ordered that his Majestie thought there were no Noblemen in Castilla worthy of that honor but because of the factions and partialities amongst them the conferring it upon one should not disgust the others SECT XXXIIII THe Cardinal and his Council being arrived at Venavente an express from Don Iohn de Acunia Governor of Segovia came to them purposely to inform them of a notoriously haynous accident befallen in that Citie which was thus One of the Commissioners or Burgesses that was sent thence to the Parlament at Santjago named Iohn or Antony de Tordesillas Regidor and native of that Citie gave his consent to the granting the Subsidies his Majestie demanded Hee brought for the Citie the Pole-money to bee payed by way of excise and a gratuity of one hundred thousand Maravediz for reparation of the walls and for himself hee had procured a very good governement and received an office which the Mint or coyning house had given for lost It is a custome in Segovia every Tuesday in whitsonweek that the Collectors meet to treat concerning the Revenue of Corpus Christi Church It hapned that being all together one of them inconsiderately sayed Gentlemen you know that Don Iohn de Acunia is Governor of this Citie and that hee never set foot in it and yet not satisfied to under value us hee maintein's here certain Officers to robb us rather then to administer Iustice. And I vow to God if the former stole away our Cloaks these strip us to the very Skins Moreover know that the Governor hath put in here a Deputy more fool then valiant Hee is not satisfied with the injuries hee doth us by day but hee leads a dog to catch men in the night And my opinion is That if any one hath done what hee ought not to doe Hee should apprehend him in his house like a Christian and not hunt him with doggs in the Mountains like a Moore For a man of any credit is more troubled at his being apprehended in the open street then at his Imprisonment A certain old man called Melon chanced to bee present at these words who had for many years executed the office of a Sergeant or Catch-pole as they call them and therefore was hated and abhorred by all the people This poore man having heard the other out and every body else holding their peaces stood up and spake these words in favor of the Justice Indeed Gentlemen that which this man hath sayed seemeth to me not well and mee thinks it is wors that men of such honor and credit as here are should give eare to such a man for hee that will speak in publick of the Ministers of Iustice ought to have some respect and moderation in his tongue and in an officer of the King 's hee ought not to look onely at his person but to consider what his staff represent's As touching the dog hee speak's of that my Master carrie's with him I sweare by this cross that being a yong man hee takes him with him more for his pleasure in the day time then to catch men in the night and if it had been so you doe not I hope take me to be so base but that I should haue made it known to the
through all the streets and walls to the great hinderance of Commerce and destruction of the Citie In the same manner rose Siguenca Guadalaxara Salamanca Murcia and manie other places of importance where were divers things committed not unlike those which I have already declared which would bee an endless business for mee to describe particularly The seventh of Iune in this present year 1520 the Citie of Leon was verie quiet and stood much for the King's service for it seemed that Valladolid had written to them to know whether they had received anie Letter from Toledo concerning their business or not Whereto Leon made Answer That as yet they had received nothing in particular from Toledo touching that matter and that the Citie of Leon was fully determined not to do or consent to anie thing for the whole world that might bee anie disservice to his Cesarean Majestie or contrarie to the fidelitie they owed him especially the most Reverend Cardinal remaining Governor with the Lord President and the rest of the Council to whom that Citie was so much obliged â—t had been well for that Citie if they had continued in that minde SECT XLII THe 24 of Iune 1520 the Emperor beeing at Bruxels received information of all the passages in Toledo and other places and of the Letter which Toledo sent to Valladolid and their Answer Whereupon hee wrote to Valladolid giving them a full relation of his Voiage by Sea how hee was entertained by his Uncle and Aunt in England and that they had confirmed a most sure League of Peace and Amitie together That thence hee intended about the middle of September to bee at Aquisgran to receiv his Imperial Crown with manie other circumstances and at last That he resolved God willing to return into that Kingdom much sooner then hee had promised at the Parlament mean time hee incharged them Peace quietness and obedience to the Commands of the Cardinal his Governor President and Council c. and if there should arise anie mutinies or Commotion in anie other Towns that they out of their antient and well approved fidelitie would indeavor to pacifie and suppress them for they knew the love and affection which hee bore that Citie which might sufficiently appear by the favors hee had granted them in former Parlaments according to the Copie which hee sent with that Letter There was also a General Letter to all the Cities and Towns of that Kingdom who had Votes in Parlament but passion had gained such a transscendence over the hearts of the major part that they would not believ those Letters to bee from the Emperor but said openly that they were counterfeited neither did they anie waie abate their resentment of his so sudden departure out of that Kingdom leaving them by the counsel of his Favorites involved in so great a fire and with so much povertie and pain SECT XLIII AFter this came news to the Cardinal how the Citie of Guadalaxara was revolted in the same manner and taking up Arms like the other Cities of the Kingdom They chose for their Captain the Earl of Saldania eldest son to Don Diego de Vega y Mendoça Duke del Infantado and making use of his horses they pursued Diego de Guzman and Luis de Guzman their Commissioners in the late Parlament who for fear of their lives were fled from the Citie but not being able to overtake them they went to their houses which they razed and having plowed up the ground they sowed it with Salt saying That in regard they were Traitor's houses they must bee salted lest they should infect the rest with their infidelitie Thence they went to the Duke beseeching him to favor and assist them if not they would have him to know that no Grandee must staie within that Citie which hee and his son were enforced to grant to satisfie them but the Duke seeing the Citie in so great disorder and the Kingdoms all over inflamed with such Combustions sent an Express to the Cardinal desiring him since God and the King had constituted him in that Office to use all possible diligence and care to stop the current of those exorbitances and that without passion or affection hee would grant a general pardon for if hee suffered the sore to fester hee would not bee able to cure it when hee pleased That hee would take off the Subsidie That all Tallages and Impositions should bee reduced to the same estate as they were twentie five years past That Offices and benefices should be taken from strangers and conferred upon the Natives of the Countrie And that all this should suddenly bee performed The Cardinal was well contented with his Letter but durst not do otherwise then was ordered by the Council until hee received further Commission from the Emperor SECT XLIV THe Order from the Council was that Ronquillo a famous Judg in those times should presently march to Segovia with all the men hee could make and punish the Delinquents They sent with him a thousand Hors-men most of which were of the Guards under the Command of Don Luis de la Cueua and Ruy Diaz de Rojas who had Orders in case the Judg was not received into the Citie to batter and beat it down But when his coming was known in Segovia those that were quiet and peaceable before jealousies and fears distracting their ill-tempered mindes rose and associated themselvs with the others and in particular one principal Gentleman of the Citie called Don Hernando who had written to the Cardinal that hee kept the Citie the Fort and the great Church for the King and that hee had driven the Commonaltie into the Suburbs and moreover that there was great partialitie and difference amongst them upon whose advice and intimation the Judg was sent directly thither but when they heard in what manner hee came Don Fernando the Common-people agreed so together that the Gates were shut against him and the towns-men all up in Arms. Ronquillo perceiving their strength and resistance to bee great retired himself to the Town of Arevalo and the Cardinal sent to him to return to Valladolid until the Council should take further order therein But the Judg did otherwise and from thence went to Santa Maria de Nieva five Leagues from Segovia where hee made his Requests and Protests to those of the Citie began by Criers to publish Acts and Writs against them requiring them to submit to Justice or to appear and give a reason why they would not Whereunto those of Segovia 'mongst whom at first there was no person of credit or respect but onely a furious and indiscreet Rabble not onely not obeied nor answered but after som daies spent in parâ—ying and treating without fear or wit they sallied out to the number of four thousand men almost all on foot on purpose to meet Ronquillo and fight with him and in this manner they marched towards the place where hee was quartered Hee with his Captains came presently
was to applie the same medicine which they desired viz. That his Majestie would bee pleased to grant to Toledo what their Commissioners had petitioned him in Parlament That his Eminence would command Ronquillo the Judg to rais his Siege before Segovia and return with his men in regard the Citie was much scandalized at his coming in such an hostile manner they having sent two Prelates with their submission and begging pardon of his Eminence that hee knew how all the chief Cities of the Kingdom beeing guiltie of the like Commotions every one would exspect the like punishment and out of that fear they would rather join all their Forces to succor Segovia then bee liable to anie such rigorous sentence that he should be very careful in that point for if the people once lost their respect hee would not bee able to correct them That for the present although there were tumults and Commotions everie where yet there was no publick War declared onely dissentions amongst the people But if they joined and assisted one another it would occasion great miserie and ruine to the Kingdom as it afterwards fell out These and som other instances the Gentleman pressed to the Cardinal who finding much reason and weight in them bad him come again to him the next daie in the Evening in the mean time hee would call a Council concerning those particulars The Gentleman punctually observing the time appointed the Cardinal told him that hee had consulted about that business but they were not all of his opinion so that there could bee nothing done but what was formerly commanded The Iurate beseeched him to bee very warie and well advised for som of his Council hee told him were men o're-swaied with passion and more wedded to their private interests then his Majestie 's service and that to his knowledg both Toledo and Madrid were raising men to send to reliev Segovia and if they went thither hee might easily see what mischief would ensue The Cardinal thereupon said hee would call a Council again about it SECT LI. TOledo and Madrid as beeing nearest fearing that if Segovia were subdued they should bee in danger chose Captains and raised men to send to succor it Toledo pitched upon Iohn de Padilla to whom they gave Commission to rais a thousand Foot and a hundred Light-horsmen whereof Hernando de Ayala was Captain with som pieces of Artillerie Madrid sent out four hundred Foot and fiftie Hors. The Toledians beeing joined with those of Madrid they marched together to a place called Espinar where John Bravo Captain of the Segovians came forth with his men to receiv them They made all together two thousand Foot and one hundred and fiftie Horse after some Conference they agreed all three to go to Santa Maria de Nieva where Ronquillo was quartered and do as much mischief as they could whil'st those of Salamanca and other places might join and come to the succor of Segovia But Ronquillo and his Captains persevering in their design although they went out into the field seeming to incounter the Enemie would not ingage in Battle but marched soberly and in good order another waie the Cardinal hearing of the setting forth and joining of these Captains determined to increas the strength of his own forces and make a formal Camp able to suppress and subdue the Contrarie Partie To this effect hee sent to Antonio de Fonseca Captain General of the Kingdom that vvith the King's standing forces and with all the rest hee could make of Foot and Hors hee should go help Ronquillo and of that Artillerie which was at Medina del Campo hee should take what hee thought fitting Moreover hee sent to command Râ—nquillo that by no means hee should give those Captains battle but should first join with Antonio de Fonseca for the better effecting thereof Fonseca's March could not bee kept so private but Valladolid where the Order was made perceived it Whereupon although they were cried up for their Loialtie they began to mutinie much more then before they had done which was no slight matter neither for they made private meetings every daie Yet notwithstanding the Commotions of Valladolid Antonio de Fonseca cunningly got out of the Citie and marched with all the Hors and Foot hee could rais to Arevalo where Ronquillo and the Captains that were with him met him with theirs and concluded of their journie to Medina Segovia having notice of their march and knowing their intention which was to bring Artillerie thence for their hurt and dammage immediately dispatched an Express to Medina with a Letter to this effect That by no means they should condescend to deliver the Artillerie to Fonseca notwithstanding the persuasions of the Bishop of Burgos his brother who had been long there solliciting and pressing them to it alleging how unjust a thing it were since Segovia sent their Clothes to inrich the Fairs of Medina that Medina should send Cannons to batter and beat down the walls of Segovia urging moreover that if they did so it would bee the utter ruine of Segovia and Medina would suffer likewise in their Fall And in the Close they desired Medina to hear and give full credit to their Messenger who should impart som things to them which they thought not fit to write SECT LII UPon receit of this Letter those of Medina resolved not to deliver the Artillerie Antonio de Fonseca with the best part of those men that were at Arevalo marched thence on Tuesdaâ—e morning the 21. of Angust towards Medina with intention to take the Artillerie away by force in case they refused to deliver it as already they had upon Ronquillo's demand They beeing advertised by the Letter from Segovia and other parts of these preparations against them put on a resolution to stand out and not deliver the Artillerie Antonio de Fonseca having friends within the Town besides the Corregidor himself Gutiere Quijada beeing well inclined to the deliverie thereof began first to treat fairely with them shewing them the Orders and Power hee had to that effect But the Towns-men replied that they kept the Artillerie for and in the name of the King and that they saw no reason they had to deliver it but rather to keep it in defence of their Town and people Yet to do his Majestie service they were willing to deliver some of it if need required upon condition that they themselvs might go with it and bring it back againe from this contention they grew to higher language thence to blows and planting their ordnance at everie street's end great multitudes of people presently flocked thither all in armes Antonio de Fonseca seeing this commanded his men to storm the Town the Towns-men killed some of his men with cannon shott and some of theirs were likewise killed defending the entrance of the Town Antonio de Fonseca thought to catch them with a wile not intending any such mischief as fell out
these sums for in effect no bodie could rightly understand what they would have had yet they saie the Emperor desired no more then the ordinarie Subsidie that his Predecessors the Catholick Kings had which was two hundred millions everie year and that the over-plus they stole from him and the Kingdom contrarie to his will or knowledg SECT XI THe affairs of Spain were so imbroiled and men so inconsiderately raving that it seemed as it were a scourge from Heaven which threatned no less destruction to that Countrie then that during the reign of Don Rodrigo They trusted in Southsaier's Prognostical judgments of the succeeding mischiefs Som Divels invented I know not what Prophecies which they father'd upon Saint Isidorus Arch-Bishop of Sevilia others upon Frier Iohn de Roccacelsa and one Merlin besides others which they said were of Saint Iohn Damascenus and other Doctors that of Saint Isidorus was his complaints or lamentations over Spain I have read all those ill presâ—ges of calamitie and destruction to Spain which so much affrighted and dismaied the people and I find them onely idle things which deserv not the setting down here unless it were to make us wonder at the facilitie and weakness of men in those times to give credit to anie such like fopperies The ignorant people were particularly besotted with one which pourported That there should reign over Spain a Prince called Charles who should destroie the Kingdom and make the Cities desolate but hee should bee overcom and driven out of the Kingdom by an Infante of Portingal and that the said Infante should reign over all Spain and mee think's wee see the contrarie Such follies doth blinde passion work in thoughts of ignorant and indiscreet people SECT XII TOledo wrote to the other Cities the last year 1519 inviting them to assemble and consult of what was most meet and expedient for them to supplicate the Emperor before his departure out of the Kingdom And in regard that Assemblie went not forwards and that now things were in such disorder that the breaking out was universal through the whole Kingdom yet they did not well understand nor trust one another so for the begetting a better intelligence amongst them and to the end they might the more firmly establish the Commonaltie which thâ—y called Holie Toledo sent other Letters to all the Cities of Castillia pressing them with manie powerful arguments to send without delaie their Commissioners to the Holie Assemblie at Avila and not to return them anie such excuse as formerly becaus such kinde of Congregations and Assemblies were condemned by strangers for in that Holie Assemblie nothing was to bee debated but what concerned the Service of GOD. And that they might studie or invent Remedies against the Seven sins of Spain treating first Of their fidelitie to the King their Lord. Secondly the Peace of the Kingdom Thirdly the Remedie or settling of the Roial Patrimonie Fourthly the grievances of the Natives Fifthly the Injustice done by Strangers Sixtly the Tyrannies w th som of their own Countrie-men had invented Seventhly the intolerable Impositions taxes which that Kingdom suffered Urging moreover that they should not value what censure passed upon them amongst their enemies for so doing in regard wicked persons are alwaies ready to blast with opprobrious tongues all good and religious actions which presupposed although things should fall out contrarie to their exspectations or desires and that they should bee in danger of their persons theiâ— houses should be plucktdown their goods taken away and at last should lose their lives In such case they were to esteem disgrace a favor danger securitie povertie riches banishment a glorie loss profit persecution a crown death life for nothing is so glorious for a man as to spend his life in the defence of the Republick After all these and divers other persuasive arguments they desired each Citie to give ful credence to their Messenger who had instructions to treat further with them SECT XIII THe fifth of Iulie 1520 the Lord Deputie of Murcia made a complaint to the Cardinal and Council how the Citie beeing risen had killed their Governor a Judg and one of the Sheriffs besides several other persons and that the people were all in Arms and so disorderly that becaus hee went about to pacifie and allaie their furie gently and in a peaceable manner representing to them the foulness and enormitie of what they had don they drove him out of the Citie and placed Guards and Rounds which committed very great disorders Hereupon it was ordered by the Council that Leguizama a Judg of Oyer and Terminer should go thither with large powers taking Officers along with him and that the neighboring towns should furnish him with men sufficient to bring them to reason Leguizama the Judg beeing arrived at Murcia entred peaceably into the Citie Hee intimated his orders to the Chief Justice Gentlemen Council and Assemblie of the Citie requiring their favor and assistance Which at first they did obey and the Judg began to make his privie search and examination whereby hee found som guiltie which hee gave order to apprehend This pleased not the People who began to think of turning him out of the Citie Hee sentenced a Shoomaker to bee whipp'd who beeing brought through the streets the Beadles still whipping him the people mutinied and manie beeing armed they rescued the prisoner with great nois and hubbub which done they went into a hous to consult what they were to do The Judg perceiving that presently betook him to his heels and fled into the Marquess of Velez his hous who then was in the Citie The Marquess hearing that the Judg was gone to his hous hee would not staie with him but presently took hors and rode out of the Town as fast as hee could to Mula a Citie ten leagues from Murcia The Judg made all haste possible after the Marquess and overtook him in the field a good waie from Murcia where hee shewed him his Orders charging him in the King's name under pain of Death and Confiscation of all his Estate to go back again with him into the Citie and to aid and assist him to do Justice The Marquess answered him very angerly for hee had desired him before to bee very careful how hee proceeded to consider the times and not to be too rigorous but he would not follow his counsel saying Iudg Go make these Requests to such men as your self is not to mee for in respect I am very much a servant to his Majestie I give you this answer and no other But to obey and shew the reverence I bear to the Roial Crown in whose name you require mee to return with you let your Notarie publick com after mee and I will give him an answer to what you demand of mee With that hee turned the reins of his Hors and rode on towards Mula The Judg went back to Murcia and set up his Hors in the same
Gentrie opposed it saying it was a great dissâ—rvice to the King and contrarie to Justice Manie distastfull words passed amongst them but at last the Commons prevailed and turned all those Gentlemen out of Salamanca One stately hous that belonged to the Archbishop of Santjago's Steward they burned down to the ground Neither did those Gentlemen hold themselvs secure until they were got into Valladolid where they gave a full account of all these passages This was the beginning of the rising publickly in Salamanca After which they kept their Rounds and Guards in the Citie and sent Hors to the relief of Segovia but before they departed Salamanca with other Cities sent two men to the Cardinal and Council beseeching them to forbear from chastising Segovia for if they did not the Citie of Salamanca could not refrain from sending them succor Their chief Captain in this uproar was Don Pedro Maldonado Nephew to the Doctor Talavera who drove the rest of the Gentlemen that were not of his faction out of the Citie and made the Corregidor go away also leaving the administration of Justice more out of fear then otherwise which done the Citie ordered the Justice and did what you shall see hereafter SECT XVI THe Cardinal Governor seeing these troubles and disorders increas daily without anie hope of remedie notwithstanding all the endeavors and gentle means hee and those of the Council had used to procure it The President and the rest agreed to give his Majestie an exact account of all the Commotions and particular exigencies of the Kingdom of Castillia and in what danger they themselvs were by reason of the people's furie desiring his Majestie to take som speedie order for the rectifying of so great disorders SECT XVII THe Emperor had already received som intelligence of these troubles in Spain by means of Flemish Merchants and other particular letters But when those from the Cardinal and Council came to his hands at Lovain Hee was seized with unexpressible sadness The necessitie of his going to bee crowned in Germanie was very urgent and his returning into Spain seemed yet of more importance The Letter 's sad Contents brâ—d divers discontents and no less different opinions as the custom is amongst the Courtiers of the nearest relation about the Emperor The Flemings condemned the Spaniards for raising these tumults ond commotions in their King's absence The Spaniards retorted the blame upon the Flemings saying That their ill Government had been the occasion of the ruine and loss of Spain and that they had robbed it and indeed to saie the truth They were both in fault for the Flemings were as short of discretion and prudence to Govern as they abounded with a too insatiable Covetousness And the Spaniards although they had som reason to complain could not bee excused for rising up in Arms. Monsieur de Xeures grew much discontented and ashamed upon the report of this breaking out of Spain partly becaus hee knew what opinion went of him in the Court but chiefly becaus hee thought as justly hee might the Emperor would derive the fault upon him who whil'st hee was in Spain commanded with so absolute a power that it was commonly said The Emperor Don Carlos is King by right and Monsieur de Xeures in effect The Emperor beeing thus disquieted called a Council and desiring to have their advices hee propounded That they would consider what means was to bee vsed that Hee might go into Germanie and receiv that Crown which Hee so much desired and provide som remedie to settle the disturbances of Spain which was of no less importance to him for his Coronation could bee no longer suspended and the remedying of Spain ought not to bee differred Hee had of his Council in this occurrence Germanes Flemings Italians Aragoneses and Castillans and their opinions were as different as their Nations For the Germanes urged that it was repuisite his Majestie should continue his journie into Germanie The Italians said it was necessarie that hee should makeâ— a progress into Italie The Flemings were very importunate for him to staie in their Countrie The Aragoneses pleaded that Valencia was also risen up in Arms. And the Castillans used all means possible to persuade him to reâ—urn into Castillâ— The case beeing so general and nearly concerning so manie Kingdoms the Emperor did wisely to take the advice of manie But at last the resolution of the business was given by few as great Princes use to do in like occurrences The result of this Consultation was That the Emperor should continue his journie into Germanie and having received the Imperial Crown there to remain until hee had fully settled the affairs of that Countrie not being everie daie to return thither It was likewise resolved That his Majestie should send amiable and gracious Letters to all the Cities and Towns of Castilla requiring som of them to return unto themselvs and his service and expressing his thankfulness to others for their good intentions towards him That hee should desire and encharge the Nobles and Gentrie to favor and assist those of his Roial Council promising to all upon the faith of his Roial word that with all possible expedition hee would return into Castilla for the thought of the Emperor 's never returning into Spain bred in the Common people the boldness to commit such outrages and exorbitances Moreover it was determined That the Emperor should write unto the President and Council condoling their troubles and persecution commanding them withall that in one place or other six of them should alwaies bee about the Cardinal and hold Council To the end they might serv as a Refuge for the good people to appeal unto and bee a terror to the evil for if the Council omitted the doing of Justice the Roial Autoritie must needs fall And also That the Emperor should appoint two other Governors to bee joined in Commission with the Cardinal and those to bee men of noble extractions well experienced and advanced in years of generous dispositions powerful in estates but chiefly Natives of that Kingdom This advice seemed very sound and pertinent to the Emperor whereupon hee gave order it should bee put in execution accordingly and those whom they Voted to bee joined in Commission with the Cardinal were Don Fadrique Enriquez Lord High Admiral of Castilla and Don Inigo de Velasco Lord High Constable who were both antient Gentlemen of great generositie and gallantrie Which Election gave no small satisfaction to the Castillan partie for they had shewen themselvs in their commands not onely wise but valiant and were alwaies fortunate in their undertakings These Noblemen governed with such valour and prudence that the Emperor in his Letters to the Lord High Constable give 's him thanks for his services acknowledging that by his means hee was King of Castilla And indeed the Emperor said but what was true Besides all this his Majestie sent an especial Command That the subsidie which was granted him at the
Groyn should not bee exacted from those Cities which continued in their obedience to him nor from those which were willing to submit and bee reduced for it was his will and pleasure graciously to forgive it them This grace hee did likewise to the whole Kingdom That the Roial Revenue should bee allowed for the Taxes as during the Reigns of other Catholick Kings his Ancestors Hee resolved also to abrogate the sale farming and enhauncement of all Taxes and Impositions which indeed were very great and besides hee sent to offer and certifie That no Office in that Kingdom should bee conferred upon anie whomsoëver unless hee were a Native which if hee had granted when hee was desired these Commotions had never happened Of all this were ingrossed his Majestie 's Patents and Commissions of sufficient power Yet notwithstanding these three things were the principal grievances and most important reasons that Toledo and the other Cities alleged for excuse of their tumultuous risings The granting all these demands was not available enough to quiet their Commotions and reduce them to obedience for the Contrivers and Ring-leaders who had seduced the people into those mischievous practices finding profit in fishing in that troubled water hindered all they could that these graces of his Majestie might not com unto the people's knowledg and when they were known they gave out that they were vain promises and onely fained or framed by the Council becaus they were not able to do any thing els untill they had divided the people and then that they would fall upon them SECT XVIII ABout this time Letters were brought to Toledo from all the Cities concerning their Iunta or Assemblie and they all agreed it should bee as Toledo desired Don Pedro Lasso whom Toledo honored so much since his return from the Groyn where hee shewed such obstinacie in his resolution that they received him with great Solemnitie giving him the stile of the Deliverer of that Countrie Was appointed for the chief Commissioner of that Citie with him they sent Don Pedro de Ayala and two Iurates besides other Deputies of the Common-People Who resolved to take their Iournie the same daie Iohn de Padilla went to the succor of Segovia The Citie of Avila was pitched upon for this Assemblie more particularly becaus it was situate in the middle of old Castilla and the Kingdom of Toledo The Cities which made this Assemblie were Toledo Madrid Guadalaxara Soria Murciâ— Cuenca Segovia Avila Salamanca Toro Zamora Leon Valladolid Burgos Cuidad Rodrigo The Commissioners of all these Places beeing assembled they chose their Secretaries and other Officers correspondent The Assemblie was held in the Chapter of the Cathedral Church Don Pedro Lasso Commissioneâ— from Toledo and the Dean of Avila who was a native of Segovia were chosen Presidents Upon a table in the Chapter laie a Cross and the Evangelists whereon they made oath everie one to live and die in the King's Service and in favor of the Commonaltie And those that refused to do this in Avila were not onely ill treated in words but had their houses pulled down But this fortune onely befell one Gentleman named Don Antonio Ponze Knight of the order of Sant jago and son to the Prince Don Iohn his nurs The rest fearing the Peoples furie condescended and collogued with them to save their lives which were in no small danger In the middle of the Commissioners of this Assemblie was placed a little form whereon did sit a certain Cloath-worker named Pinilles with a wand in his hand and no Gentleman Commissioner or Ecclesiastick durst offer to speak one word untill this Cloath-worker had given him the sign by pointing to him with his wand So that those who took upon them to remedie the Kingdom were commanded by a mean inferior fellow a Cloath-worker Such was the violence and blindness of the Common People's passion The first thing they Ordered was to take awaie the staff from the Corregidor of Avila next they sent Letters to the Alcalde Ronquillo charging him not to set foot in the land of Segovia and condemning him to great penalties if hee did the contrarie SECT XIX HAving alreadie related the manner of the Commotions of the Cities and principall Towns of the Kingdom with their general Assemblie at Avila I will now tell you the successes of those unadvised and indiscreetly raised Tumults And in regard one of the most notorious Actors in these tragicall disorders was Don Antonio de Acunna Bishop of Zamora who is famous to this very daie for the strangeness of his disposition and manner of the death hee suffred which was not suitable to the dignitie of a Prelate but very answerable to his Actions since it was done with very great justification of the Emperor and by the Autoritie of Pope Clement the 7th as appear's upon Record in the Arches of Simancas which I have seen you shall briefly hear who this Bishop was and what his conditions During the time of Don Iohn the second his raign in Castilla lived in that Kingdom Don Luis Osorio de Acunia a Gentleman of eminent note and account father to Don Diego Osorio and this Don Antonio de Acunia to whom his father dying left the Arch-Deakonship of Valpuesta besides other meanes In these times hee beeing in service to their Catholick Majestie 's was sent by them Embassador into France after which the Bishoprick of Zamora was conferred upon him The King was not very well pleased with him becaus hee was of a turbulent Spirit a lover of broils impatient adventurously bold and one that did take more upon him then his profession and degree required Hee was naturally inclined to Arms his ambition was to make himself Lord and Master of Zamora where the Earl of Alva de Lista then lived son in law to the Duke of Alva a stout gallant Gentleman and a great lover of honor The Bishop and the Earl meeting about certain affairs betwixt them they grew to such odds that very good Mediators were not able to pacifie them Zamora beeing in Rebellion and paying no obedience but to the Junta or Assemblie the Bishop on one side and the Earl on the other used all means possible to draw the people to thâ—ir factions The Earl was better beloved and bore the greater sway in the Citie so that the Bishop was forced to leav it It made him half madd to lose his hous and so desperate seeing his Enemie prevail so far against him That hee presently went to Tordesillas where the Commissioners of the Iunta were then assembled with whom hee joyned in confederacie desiring them to assist him and furnish him with forces to beat the Earl of Alva out of Zamora They all received him with great respect and contentment thinking it an honor to their caus to have so eminent a Prelate amongst them they gave him men and Artillerie wherewith hee marched back towards Zamora The â—arl beeing informed of the manner of his
they desired that her Highness would bee pleased to take upon her the Command and government of the Kingdom making high protestations that they would obey and serve her till death as their Queen and naturall Soveraign and that shee should Command as absolutely as the most powerfull Queen in the World Whereunto shee answered to this effect That shee loved that Countrie and her Subjects with so much tenderness that it grieved her exceedingly to hear of any of their sufferings But shee had been so long mued up there and alwaies such bad People about her who fed her with falsities and lies insomuch that shee knew not of her Father's death nor of their opression And that when shee was informed of those strangers coming into Castilla it troubled her very much yet shee thought it might bee for her Children's good though it seemed it proved otherwise But shee wondred much at them that they did not revenge themselvs if any thing was don contrarie to Justice And forasmuch said shee as you intend to remedie the ill-government of the affairs of the Kingdom it doth rejoyce me and if you do it not let it lye upon your own Consciences besides I Command you so to do and as far as lyeth in my power I shall bee readie to do any thing for the good of the Kingdom here or wheresoëver I am You need not come all to mee hereafter it will bee more convenient that you appoint four of the discreetest and most knowing amongst you who shall at any time have access to mee and inform mee what cours is meetest to bee taken I will heare them and do all that possiblie I can Then Don Pedro Lasso desired that her Highness would bee pleased to nominate the four Members whom shee would have to confer with her concerning the government of the Kingdom shee answered that her will was that the Iunta should send whom they thought good and shee would heare them whensoëver they came SECT XXVIII THis writing signed by three Notaries in the presence of the Infanta Donia Catalina all the Commissioners of the Kingdom divers eminent Priests and Friers and manie other persons of qualitie satisfied exceedingly the Common people who cried it up for a kinde of miracle that the Queen after so many years of retirement in so strict a manner that no bodie could scarce have a sight of her and so long discontiuance from anie knowledg of State-affairs should now com forth and shew her self in a time of so great necessitie with so much knowledg and clear judgment in things concerning the government of the Kingdom They praised God for shewing his mercie in so high a measure unto Spain Yet som there were who did not stick to saie that all those circumstances were fals and forged by those of the Iunta That the Queen had no judgment to meddle with anie such affairs neither was shee in a condition to bee treated with This was commonly noised not onely in Valladolid but divers other places also Pero Mexia treating of this business seemeth in his book to favor this opinion I write what I had from one that was an eie witness of all these passages and who neither was a Commoner nor friend of that faction After all this the Frier told them that there were Souldiers without the Citie who if they would give leav should com in and carrie away those of the Council prisoners They all agreed that two hundred should com in the next daie who would bee sufficient to apprehend them and carrie them away to Tordesillas Whereupon the day following Iohn de Padilla Captain General of the Iunta's forces entred Valladolid with three hundred Lances of Avila and Salamanca and eight hundred Pikemen and musketiers where hee had noble entertainment and his Souldiers had good quarters given them with a large portion of all necâ—ssaries Iohn de Padilla forthwith seized upon all those of the Council that could bee found in Valladolid who were Doctor Veltran Doctor Tello Doctor Cornejo and El Licenciado Herrera all Alcaldes whom hee confined to their houses that daie under great penalties having taken good securitie for them besides and set Guards upon every one hee took away likewise the staves from the Alguaziles and other Officers whom hee commanded and ordered under great penalties to make their personal appearance at Tordesillas The next daie hee carried them away prisoners with the respect and honor that every one deserved Hee took with him the books of the Treasurie and the Broad Seal wherewith the Council sealed all their Acts and Orders for the better autorising of the matter the Junta desired the Queen to confirm by her sign whatsoëver should bee agreed on by them as persons of her Council Which shee refusing to do the Commissioners there present sent to their respective Cities to give them power to see to the government of the Kingdom for fault of a Governor and to constitute a Council Som did â—end their powers to this effect others disliked that proposition holding it a thing needless and of a dangerous consequence Divers Gentlemen of Toledo were much distasted hereat and sorrie that Iohn de Padilla had been so forward for which they sent him and their Commissioners a notable check refusing to give them any power concerning the Govenment of the Kingdom SECT XXIX THe Iunta for the better autorising and securing their persons and proceedings used all means possible to seduce all the Cities of the Kingdom and engage them in their quarrel From Palencia they had intelligence that a small matter would make them rise Whereupon they presently dispatched thither an Augustine Frier giving him Orders first to sound the Bishop and afterward to address himself to the Citie telling them how they stood obliged to favor and assist the Junta in regard the chief end of their assembling and their onely studie since they were established was for the general good of the Kingdom The Frier went but it had been better for him to have staied in his Cell and with much libertie and lavishness of words hee began to treat of his message and having assembled the people to preach sedition publickly in the Pulpit This continued som daies until the Cardinal who then was at Rioseco with the Council sent to apprehend him which was the easier done becaus there were divers loial and well-affected persons in the Citie who were scandalized at the ill example of this Frier Hee was carried prisoner to Medina where after few daies the fact beeing proved against him hee was strangled Hee had his desert and may all Friers or Priests meet with the like punishment that imbark themselvs so far in secular affairs not observing that retirement and modestie which their qualitie and profession doth require which is to renounce the world with all its troubles and vanities Yet the â—eed which this factious Frier sowed in Palencia took not so little root in the people's hearts but that soon after almost the
whole Commonaltie of the Citie infected with his pernitious doctrine rose in so tumultuous a manner that the Câ—rregidor was forced to flie away they took away the stavâ—s from the King's Officers and gave them to som of the Commonaltie They turned out of the Citie the Provisores dâ—l Obispo or Officers of the Bishop's Couâ—t they turned out the Regidores whom the Bishop had constituted and the Commonaltie put others in their places At the ringing of a bell the people all assembled and most of them beeing Armed they ran furiously to Villamuriel which was a Fort and the Bishop's hous and pulled down a part of one of the Towers thereof The 15th Sept. 15â—0 they cut down the greatest part of a Wood called Santillana which belonged to the Bishop divers other strange disorders and mischiefs they did in and about the Citie as if they had been in an Enemie's Countrie things indeed befitting the blinde and furious rage of the common people SECT XXX THe Cardinal governor of the Kingdom seeing the disturbed estate of things and that in Valladolid hee was not obeyed as the dignitie of his person and place required but rather in danger daiely to bee affronted took a resolution to retire himself to a Gentleman's hous out of the Citie where hee might bee secure This was no sooner known in Valladolid but some of the Citie-Officers came to â—peake with him desiring to know wherefore hee would go away from them The Holy man with much meekness answered that hee would willingly retire himself with the Lord Admiral at Medina de Rioseco But those of Valladolid holding it their best waie to keep him there would not let him go They presently set guards at the Gates of the Citie that none of the Common people should go out for they began already to feare lest they should go joyn with the Lord high Constable who was levying forces to resist and suppress those Tumults which were grown so excessive in the Kingdom to whom were repaired those of Council that escaped from Valladolid to the end that Castilla might not remain without Justice The next morning early the Cardinal beeing fully resolved to bee gon departed from his hous with an hundred and fiftie men on horsback and on foot besides divers of the principal persons of the Citie who guarded him on both sides But coming to the bridg they would not let him pass there hee stayed a good while still commanding his people to bee quiet and offer no violence for they would have broke down the Gates and forced their way through This beeing known in the Citie there was presently a great hubbub and a crying out The Governor 's goeing away The Governor 's goeing away Hereupon one Alonso de Vera a Deputie of a ward without any Command or Order from the Captain Generall of the Commonaltie ran in great hast to ring the Council Bell which beeing heard the Citie presently took the Alarme and in a trice there was such a hurly-burly and confusion of people in the streeâ—s that it was wonderful they all locked up their houses and shops and posted with their Arms towards the bridg as if the Citie had been stormed by an enemie where in a moment's time in a manner was assembled a very numerous Armie of compleat men with new shining arms but without order and without Captain The Cardinal seeing this tumult turned back againe towards the Citie and beeing half way ouer the bridg some of his servants said to him My Lord your Eminence should do well to stand still there untill you see what is the meaning of this boldness of the People So hee did remain a while having a strong guard before him But the people came swarming to that place like emmets Whilest the Cardinal was at this stand came Don Pedro Giron to whom all the people bore as much respect as if hee had been their Lord. Hee was mounted upon a stately Ginnet his body was covered with Armor as bright as silver his head with a richly guilded helmet his hors proudly praunsing along the streets made waie through the disorderly throng untill hee came where the Governor stood to whom after salutation hee thus spake My Lord I am sorry that your Eminence would offer to go away thus without the consent of the Citie and Kingdom if my Counsel might prevail you should return to your lodging for if you stay longer here it will not bee in the power of man to remedie or hinder the mischief which your departure may produce The Cardinal's men not throughly understanding Don Pedro's speech began to draw their swords which some of the people that had crowded neer seeing cryed out Arm Arm Commoners help help Hereupon grew such a noise and so great a tumult that had not the President of the Chancerie Don Pedro Giron and other Gentlemen been there to appease the furie of the people they scarse had left one man alive of all those that were with the Cardinal But all beeing pacified hee returned with his guards to his lodging accompanied with other Prelates and divers Gentlemen of qualitie and after all followed his traine of bagage in the same order as they marched outwards The Common People went before him all armed with sound of drums and trumpets conducting him to his lodging with all due honor and reverence By this time it was full twelve of the clock so that they spent six hours at least in this contention The Infante of Granada Captain of Valladolid was so much displeased that St Michael's Bell had been rung and that the people had all taken Arms in that manner without his order or knowledg that hee threatned to leave his charge Thereupon strict order was given that no man thenceforwards should dare under a great penaltie to ring the Bell or to rise in Arms without their Captains order Vera who rung the Bell to avoid the punishment which was intended and his offence deserved fled to Tordesillas After this Valladolid ordered that every five and twentie men should have a particular Captain that should command them upon occasion having first received orders from the Captain General The newes beeing carried to Tordesillas how those of Valladolid had opposed and detained the Cardinal besides the good order they kept for the guard and defens of their Citie The Iunta sent an express with Letters to give the People thanks in their names extolling their valor to the skies which puffed up the people's hearts with a kinde of vanitie and incouraged them to commit greater exorbitancies another time SECT XXXI THe Cardinal seeing it was not possible for him to go publickly out of Valladolid and considering how much it behoved him to depart thence where hee had no more then an honorable prison resolved to steal away privately which hee did one night all alone beeing disguised and hee had been gone ten daies before it was known in the Citie or his own Guard of Hors missed him His Foot
and those of the Council termed them Traitors Which beeing known in Valladolid a rumor was noised about that the Lords of the Council had given order to apprehend those of the Junta for which caus El Licenciado Francisco de Vargas Treasurer General and El Licenciado Zapata made their escapes in the night from the Council For they having born a great swaie one in the Treasurie the other in matters of Justice were both grown odious in the eies of the Common-wealth SECT XXXIV THe several Parties reviled and fell into malicious expressions one against the other not considering that that was one of the poorest and vilest revenges upon earth and which suit 's with none but rascal-like unworthie dispositions Those that were enemies to the Commonaltie reported that no Gentlemen or persons of qualitie would have taken that side but for private respects and ambition That Don Antonio de Acunia Bishop of Zamora whose storie wee are not yet com to would make himself Arch-bishop of Toledo That Don Pedro Giron was on fire for the Estate of Medina Sidonia The Earl of Salvatierra ambitioned certain territories of great value called Merindades Hernando de Avalos for revenge of som injuries don â—im Iohn de Padilla to bee Master of Santjago Don Pedro Lasso to bee Lord of Toledo Quintanilla to have the Command of Medina del Campo Hernando de Ulloa to drive his brother out of Toro Don Pedro Pimentel to advance himself with Salamanca The Abbat of Compludo to be made Bishop of Zamora El Licenciado Bernardino to bee Judg in Valladolid Ramiro Nuniez that hee might possess himself of Leon and Carlos de Arellano bee Lord of Soria Thus their tongues went nimbler then their hands except when they were asleep breeding and brewing a world of mischiefs And divers Gentlemen found themselvs so far ingaged already in this disorder that they could not with honor withdraw themselvs neither could they tell whom to trust SECT XXXV BEfore I proceed any further with the Historie of what was done by the Commonalties in Castilla I wil here describe the particulars of the insurrection of the Citie and Kingdom of Valencia in regard it was the blindest and most pernicious of all Spain and although some have written very dolefull and lamentable memorials thereof they do not mention half what there befell Several prodigious signs presaged this miserable dissention in Valencia In the yeare 1517. The river which runneth by the Citie of Valencia so shallow that somtimes there is scarse any water on a sodain swelled and overflowed the bankes in such manner that it put those of Valencia to the greatest shift and streight that ever they had been reduced to in former ages Manie daies and nights was seen running along the streets a furious great Lyon which made so hideous a roaring that the people ran trembling away from it and if any had the courage to stay and see what it would do they could see nothing Other strange sights were likewise reported to have been observed there in the yeares 1517 and 1518. You have heard how the Emperor before his departure from the Groyn appointed for Vice-Roy of Valencia Don Diego de Mendosa son to the Cardinal Don Pedro Gonsalez de Mendosa and brother to Don Rodrigo Marquis of Cenete Who executing his command and charge in Valencia whenas the people already linked in a Confederaoie began to stand in a competition with the Nobles to molest and prosecute the Gentrie abusing their servants and vassals with great audacitie and disrespect It hapned that two Morisco's vvho belonged to Don Ramon de Cardona Lord of Castalla passing along the street of Nuestra Seniora de Gracia which was in that part of the Citie where most of the meaner sort of people lived Some Trades-men that were working at their dores flouted and laughed at them as they used to do but the Morisco's answering them they presently rose in Arms and cut one of them so grievously that hee died And beeing about to kill the other also who defended himself a man by chance passing by whose name was Diego Pisador by trade a salt-maker took compassion of the poor fellow and did what hee could to defend him Whereat those Towns-men were so incensed that leaving the other they ran after this Diego Pisador following him quite through the Citie to his own hous whither hee fled to save his life and fell a storming it in a furious manner about mid daie the officers of Justice not daring to gain-saie them The Priests of St Nicholas Church which was close by that hous came forth all with the Holie Sacrament at the nois of this Combustion to pacifie the furie of the People which their presence and intreaties did somwhat mitigate But Diego Pisador not holding himself secure in his hous thought it a safer waie to take sanctuary in the Church so beeing come down the Priest that carried the Sacrament took him next unto him and â—o advanced towards the Church which the people seeing they violently ran again upon him and killed him with their daggers Upon this came amongst them one Avendanio a Cloath-worker who was the Autor and chief of this confedracie it vvas thought to hinder and keep them from doing mischief but seeing that man so barbarosly killed hee vvent presently into a hous vvhere hee burst and died miserably som saie for anger and grief to see such excessive disorder These and manie other such like outrages vvere done by the People of Valencia before the â—mperor departed whereof his Majestie was advertised by the Nobles and Gentlemen of that Citie and hee referred it to Xeures but hee beeing more sollicitous for the transporting of his treasure then the remedying of the troubles in Spain neglected it All that was ordered herein was to remit the quelling and reducing that People to reason to the care of the Infante Dou Enrique Duke of Segoâ—be but the People beeing launched into the depth of mischief slighted his Autoritie which manifestly declared the rebellion and pernicious intentions of that Confederacie Soon after a man condemned for haynous crimes beeing led along to execution the People came out with Arms and rescued him from the officers of Justice abusing and ill treating them in a horrid manner No Noblemen or Gentlemen could pass through the streets but those of the Confederacie would deride and flout them with base reviling language Insomuch that a Hat-maker's wife dressing a Hat at the door with her children about her as some Gentlemen were going by shee bid the children look at those men that passed there and the boyes asking her why shee bid them look at them shee answered Becaus when you are grown up to bee men you may say that you have seen Gentlemen This the woman said becaus the Common People were then in the minde to destroie all the Gentrie of the whole Kingdom root and branch Avendanio the Cloth-worker beeing dead the Confederates chose another Captain one of
drew out five thousand men into the field to fight though hee paied dearly for it afterwards The Confederates having lost their respect to the Vice-Roy agreed to lose likewise the fear of God They made a Conspiracie amongst them the result whereof was to rob and take away all the riches of the Monasteries and Churches Which beeing discovered the loial Partie desired Don Rodrigo de Mendosa Marquess of Cenete to take upon him the Autoritie of the Justice for the King which hee did and like a good resolute Gentleman hee hung up three or four of the chief Conspirators and so the robberie which they intended was prevented and the Citie quieted for certain daies But soon after the Confederates marched into the field towards Denia to drive the Vice-Roy out of the Kingdom Ten thousand men in Arms Valencia furnished to that effect The Clergie with their Hoods upon their heads and Crosses in their hands stood all at the gate of San Vicente and as the Confederates passed by them the Priests and Friers said to them Sirs Misericordia Misericordia and they answered swearing Cuerpo de Dios Iusticia Iusticia And indeed God's Justice did abundantly fall upon their heads for the greatest part of those that answered so were either killed in battle or executed by Justice afterwards Iohn Caro and Sorolla were Captains of this Armie The Confederates having the sole power and command of Valencia Iohn Caro was sent with a sufficient force to besiege the Castle of Corbera six leagues from Valencia which while hee was battering with some peeces of Artillerie Don Geronimo Vique who at that time was at a Monasterie of Friers of the order of San Geronimo half a league from the Castle desired to speak with him who overcom with his persuasions and powerful reasons raised his siege Which the Thirteen of the Confederacie hearing took tâ—e Office of Captain General from Iohn Caro and conferred it upon Sorolla By this time the Vice-Roy with some forces which hee had raised was came to Gandia to succor the Castle of Corbera And Sorolla with his Armie went seeking the Vice-Roy as hee passed hee ruined and spoyled all the places that belonged to Don Geronimo Vique becaus hee had persuaded Iohn Caro to leave the Castle At last coming to Gandia hee met with the Vice-Roy's Armie and gave them battle wherein manie were killed on both sides but at length the Confederates won the daie and the Vice-Roy with the Earl of Oliva and divers other Lords and Gentlemen that remained alive were inforced to retreat to Denia whither Sorolla with his men still puâ—sued them And beeing arrived at a town called Vergel one league short of Denia Mossen Baltazar Vives Lord of that place refreshed them and afterwards conveied them safe to Denia where hee imbarked for Peniscola whence they wâ—nt to the town of Morella where they raised more men Sorolla returned to Valencia where hee entered with his Armie very joiful and content with his conquest By this time the Duke of Segorbe Don Alonso de Aragon was com into the field with above four thousand Foot and divers gentlemen with their servants and others on hors-back to the number of one hundred and sixtie whereof was Captain Don Jayme Ferrer son to Don Luis Ferrer who was Lord Steward to the Queen Donia Iuana at Tordesillas And beeing quartered at Almenara a league and half from Monviedro with intent to besiege it which was the strongest and most considerable Fort the Confederates had but four leagues from Valencia notice was given him that the enemie appeared with no less then eight thousand Foot and some Hors fleshed with their Victorie over the Vice-Roy and recruited with many fresh men from Valencia Whereupon the Duke sent Don Iayme with the Hors to discover and according to his advice hee would follow as speedily as might bee with the Foot This was carried with so much discretion and valor that the Duke gave them an absolute rout leaving above five thousand men dead upon the place for which it is called to this daie The field of slaughter This Victorie restored the Kingdom which if it had otherwise succeeded the Common People had become absolute Masters without any contradiction Things beeing in this condition the Vice-Roy returned with a fresh supplie and incamped his Armie about Alcira and Xativa The People were somwhat amazed and startled at the rout the Duke had given them Yet those of Alcira and Xativa marched out very strong to meet with the Vice-Roy and finding him a league from the Citie they gave him battle the conflict was so hot and so well maintained on both sides that it was hard to saie which had the advantage the combate continued all daie and at night both Armies beeing very wearie and great store of men hurt they were both glad to retreat seeking refreshment and medicaments to dress their wounded men About this time the Cities of Oribuela and Alicante with all the Towns and Places under their jurisdiction associated themselvs with the People of Valencia But all the Gentrie and persons of qualitie followed their Governor Don Pedro Masa who was inforced to quit those two Cities and the Castle of Oribuela whereof hee was Governor But Don Iayme de Puyg a valorous Gentleman who was Lievtenant of the Castle under the Governor with fifteen or sixteen men defended himself gallantly against the furie of the Common people when in their violentest heat they killed burned and sacked the Gentlemen's houses The Marquis de los Velez Don Pedro Faxardo Adelantado Mayor that is Lord Deputie or Lord Lievtenant of the Kingdom of Murcia having notice of the rising of Oribuela levied what force hee could and marched to reliev the distressed Gentrie having order from the Emperor to assist the Governor of Oribuela upon all occasions Don Pedro Maca with his hors beeing joyned with the Marquis de los Velez the Common People of Oribuela and the jurisdiction thereof who were above eight thousand marched in pursuit of them to the top of a mountain called Rajolar with intent to give them battle their intilligence assuring them that they were far the greater number The Governor advised with the Marquis about relieving the Castle of Oribuela which was in great necessitie every one of his Troopers carrying in a sack of provision behinde him whilest the Marquess amused the enemie with skirmishes for hee doubted not to bee back with him time enough to discomfit them This was don accordingly and beeing drawn up in Batalia the Marquis secured the waie to the Castle that the Governor might go thither with his Hors and having put in his provisions return to the battle which was dexterously and successively effected with the slaughter of above four thousand of the Rebells So the Marquis cleared all the Countrie about Oribuâ—la But seeing how infected the whole Kingdom was and what multitudes of people were com in to the Commoners encouraged by their Victorie for it is
Leases of Abbie-lands may remain taxed for ever and no higher for they may not bee raised nor abated at anie time since such was the pleasure of the most Illustrious Queen Donia Isabel our Ladie and Sovereign as appear's by her last Will and Testament And it is better for the augment of the Roial Revenue as well as the good of the kingdom for there was more gold and silver brought to his Majestie 's Exchequer by the simple Penie-rents then by these racking enhancements considering the breaches and failings which have been and are amongst those that farm the Subsidies neither is that burthensom to the kingdom Item That the people may take in the said perpetual Tax the said Customs and Thirds and be obliged to rent the Situados that there was upon the said Customs and Thirds restoring to their Majesties the over-plus having paid the Situados and rights at the accustomed places and summons By this means their Majestie 's servants and retainers would bee duly paied and all those bribes and selling of Librancas would bee saved neither would there be any need of so many Officers their Majesties might spare great sums of monie much wages and a multitude of discharges or bills of receipt which were given to Officers more then needed Item That the Queen and King our Sovereigns and their Successors in these kingdoms bee contented for ever to have and rais their Customs by and according to the fore-mentioned imposition and no otherwise in regard so they are certain and not variable neither will there bee anie thing diminished of the Revenue there still accruing to the Crown other profitable rights as Fines Confiscations of goods the Salt-pit-rents the Mountain-Tributes Subsidies Customerships and Puertos secos besides currant monie taxes and ordinarie paiments of the kingdom with the rents of Maestrazgos And that which com's from the Indies Isles and Firm-land amount's to so great a sum that thereby his Majestie may sufficiently maintein his state without pressing the Kingdom in Parlament and out of Parlament to grant any other extraordinarie Subsidies whereby the people is much aggrieved and tâ—eir Roial Consciences can bee no less burthened with the oppression and great dammages of these kingdoms Item That all the Inhabitants of the Cities Towns Villages Burroughs and Lordships may enjoie the said perpetual taxes in general that none amongst them may rent or farm any particular part thereof at a higher rate then the said taxes nor â—hat anie more sesments bee made amongst the Inhabitants of the said places then what shall bee necessarie for the recovering and gathering of the said taxes Item that everie Citie or Town that is chief of the Countie do caus a Chest to bee set in som secure place wherein they may put or gather the Roial Revenue and that they see to and provide that which shall bee necessarie for the estate of the Kingdom And chiefly to have a care that the Queen our Soveâ—eign â—adie's familie bee maintained and furnished with all things suitable to the Dignitie of her Royal Person and the honor of the Kingdoms next to paie the Searchers Counsels and Chanceries with other ordinarie offices of the Kingdom and beeing payed that it remain stated in the offices of the Puertos Secos mountain-Tributes and Customerships and in case any bee wanting in the hous of the Contratacion of Sevilla And the remainder of the Revenue and Royal Patrimonie to bee kept in the treasure and delivered to his Majestie when it shall pleas God that hee return into this Kingdom or to supplie his necessities and those of the Kingdom if any real and urgent occasion doth require it Item That the residue or any thing that is unpaied of the Revenue after ten years may not bee farmed or recovered For by recovering debts of so long standing may arise great extorsions and grievances on the Natives of the Kingdom or their sureties children and heirs who after so many years can not perchance produce the discharges and acquittances that had been given Concerning Commissioners or Burgesses of Parlament Subsidies THat the Subsidie granted to his Majestie by some Commissioners at the Parlament in the Citie of the Groyn bee neither demanded nor received nor any other imposed hereafter Nor that any other impositions or tributes extraordinarie bee layed upon the Kingdom by their Majesties or any of their Successors Item That when any Burgesses or Commissioners are to bee sent to Parlament the Custom of each Citie is to bee observed in the state of the Regimiento moreover one is to bee sent from the Chapter or Clergie another from the state of the Gentrie a third from the State of the Commonaltie and every State to elect and nominate their Commissioner severally in a distinct assembly Which Commissioners are to bee payed by their own Citie or Town except the Commissioner of the Clergie who is to bee maintained by the Chapter Item When any Parlament is called and the Cities and Towns which have Vote bee summoned to send their Commissioners That their Majesties or any their Successors in these Kingdoms send not to the said Commissioners any Power Instruction or Command in what manner and form their Powers are to bee granted nor appoint or nominate any particular persons to bee Commissioners But that such Citie or Towns may have free libertie to grant Powers according to their own sence and to such persons as they shall think most convenient for the good of their Republick Item Wheresoëver the Parlament bee assembled That the Commissioners may have the freedom to meet confer and discours with one another as often as they shall think good and that no President bee ordered to com amongst them for that would hinder them from attending to those things which particularly concern the Cities and the good of the Republick which they represent Item that during the time of the Commissioners beeing at Parlament nor before or after their return to their houâ—es as having been or beeing Commissioners in the said Parlament they may not receiv directly or indirectly under what colour or pretence soêver any present or gratuitie from their Majesties or their Successors in these kingdoms of what value or qualitie soëver neither for themselvs their wives children or kindred under pain of death and confiscation of goods which goods may bee emploied for the publick reparations of the Citie or Town whereof any such Delinquent was Commissioner For they beeing free from Covetousness and without hopes of receiving anie bribes in that nature will bee more attentive and zealous for the service of God the King and the publick and more careful to perform what was encharged them by their Towns and Cities Item that the Commissioners may onely have the bare stipend which shall bee allowed them by their Cities or Towns and that the said stipend or Salarie bee competent according to the condition and qualitie of the person and the place from whence hee is emploied as Commissioner And that
this Salarie bee paied out of the proper Inhabitants Revenue of each Town or Citie that doth send the said Commissioner according as they shall bee taxed by the Council Iustice and Regidores of the said place Item that the said Commissioners may choos and entertain one or more Lawyers beeing at Parlament as they see occasion to whom the Cities or Towns are to paie a competent Salarie but may change them as often as they pleas And that the said Lawyer may not demand or receiv any gratuitie from their Majesties or other person in their names as is above instructed and ordered for the Commissioners neither may any Lawyer at all bee entertained by the Commissioners but with the good liking and consent of the Kingdom Item that their Majesties would revoke and declare to bee void all gratuities of what qualitie soâ—ver which were given to the Commissioners of the last Parlament held in the Kingdom of Galicia and that neither they nor their wives children heirs or Successors may injoie any part or parcel thereof under penaltie of losing their goods for the publick reparations of the Citie or Town whereof they were Commissioners Item that thenceforwards to perpetuitie the Cities and Towns that have Vote in Parlament may meet and assemble every three years by their Commissioners who are to bee chosen out of the three States as is aforesaid And that it may bee done in the absence and without licence from their Majesties or the succeeding Kings to the end that beeing so assembled they may procure and see that the Contents of these Articles bee punctually observed and that they may discours of and provide other things which may bee expedient for the service of the Roial Crown and the publick good of the Kingdoms Item that the said Parlament beeing ended the said Commissioners may bee obliged within fourtie daies to return to their Cities or Towns and give an account of what they had done in the said Parlament under pain of losing their Salarie and beeing deprived of their Office which their Majesties might dispose as vacant Concerning Coin THat no monie bee transported out of these Kingdoms either Gold or â—ilver coined or to bee coined Since it is forbidden by the Laws of the Kingdom under pain of death confiscation of goods and other Penalties For the contrarie having been done especially since his Majestie 's coming into these Kingdoms the Countrie is impoverished and destroyed Item That forthwith monie bee coined in these Kingdoms of a different rate and value then that of the neighboring Countries and that it bee of a base alloy two Caratts under the rate of the finest Gold which may countervail in weight and value the Crowns of Gold that are made in France By which means it will not bee carried out of the Kingdom Alwaies provided that whosoëver should bee indebted any quantitie of Maravediz before the time of publication of the new coined monie might bee obliged to make paiment in the coin which was then currant or to make up the value thereof in monie of the later stamp Silver Coined THat a mark of Silver out of the Mint may bee of the just value of two thousand two hundred and fiftie Maravediz and no more Copper Monie THat new copper monie may bee coined and in regard too much Silver mixed with it is but lost into everie Mark should bee cast onely the quantitie of one of the new Ryals Item That the monie of Silver mixt and Copper which is made in other Countries is much less worth then it passeth for in this Kingdom and the profit and gain thereof remaineth in forreign Nations who carrie away our Gold for their base monie That six months beeing expired after the coining of the said new monie publick proclamation might bee made to prohibit the taking or receiving any of the said foreign mixt Sâ—lver and Copper monie Item That the old monie which is now currant in no wise may bee made away given or sold out of the Mint-hous directly or indirectly at any higher rate then now it goe's under penaltie that whosoëver shall bee defective herein may lose his monie and third part of his estate to the end that it may bee all coined to make new monie Item In regard before the new monie bee all coined and especially in the beginning those who make a trade of transporting monie out of the Kingdom may indeavor and bee apt to convey much away That new searchers may bee placed in all Ports by Sea and Land and such as may applie their whole care and diligence to the well executing of this particular and nothing els provided they bee persons of trust And that whosoêver shall bee found guiltie of this fact may bee punished and condemned to death if convinced without any further process That there may bee no reclaiming or remission of this penaltie and punishment but if those who are incharged therewith bee slack or negligent in the execution of their office that they may suffer the same punishment And to the end this may bee the better effected that whosoâ—ver shall declare or discover it may have the one half or moitie of the monie so seized Transportation of Corn Leather Sheep and Woolls THat no Corn or the Leather of Sevilla may bee transported out of the Kingdom That the Mercedes or gratuities and taxes which were given and imposed in some parts of these Kingdoms of levying certain duties for giving licence to transport Corn out of the said Kingdoms and Leather from the Citie of Sevilla may bee revoked and declared to bee void For besides that the said taxes bee unlawful they are very hurtful and prejudicial to these Kingdoms and the Citie of Sevilla And that their Majesties may never hereafter give the said licence for monie or for any imposition Item That henceforwards no sheep or hogs alive or dead or any other cattle may bee transported out of the Kingdoms For this hath been the caus that flesh leather and tallow are raised to above double the price of what they were wont to yield and if the said cattle bee not carried a way these commodities will return to the same rate they were at formerly which will bee a great benefit to the Kingdoms And if any bee found a delinquent herein That the one half of his goods and estate may bee confiscate to their Majesties one fourth part given to the accuser and the other fourth part imployed for reparations and publick uses of the Citie or Town whereof hee was Inhabitant Item That the Merchants Clothiers and other trades of the Kingdoms may take to work and spend therein one half of all woolls bought by Natives or Strangers to send out of the Kingdoms paying the same price as they had done for them if they had given readie monie And if they had taken them upon trust giving securitie to paie at a certain daie that the Merchants and others might have them upon the same conditions giving the like securitie
And that the Officers of Justice may take the said Woolls from the Shepherds or buiers and deliver them to such persons as is before-mentioned not suffering any fraud or contention to arise hereupon but the truth beeing known speedily to deliver them to the said Merchants and others to be wrought in these Kingdoms paying in ready mony or giving the said securitie And in case any Officer neglect his dutie herein that hee may lose one whole years Salarie and be obliged to make good the dammage and interest of the Partie Concerning the Council Courts and Iustices THat his Majestie would bee pleased to dismiss those of the Council whom hitherto hee hath kept in regard they have advised him to the great prejudice of his Majestie 's Roial Crown and the excessive dammage of the Kingdoms That they never bee admitted to bee of his Privie Council the Queen's Council or Council of Justice That their Majesties would select som of the Natives of those Kingdoms to bee of their Roial Councils who were known to bee loial and zealous for their service and which would set aside their particular interests for the people's good Item that the President Council Judges Alcaldes and Officers of the Courts and Chanceries may bee visited every four years according to the usual manner That those who are found faultie may bee punished as the Laws of the Kingdom have ordered according to the hainousness of their crime and those who are found otherwise may bee acknowledged to bee good men and rewarded by his Majestie Item that the said Offices aswel of the Council as of his Majestie 's familie Chanceries and other Courts bee not given by favor or procured by the Petitions or importunate sollicitations of any Grandees or other persons near about his Majestie but that they may bee bestowed upon able and deserving men and that the provision may bee to Offices not to the Persons that enjoie them And if any shall have or procure them contrarie to the tenour hereof the kingdom may not acknowledg such as Officers but that they may bee disabled to keep or execute any the aforesaid or other publick Offices Item that the said Offices of the Council Roial Alcaldes de Corte Chanceries or other Courts may not bee provided or possessed by such as com but newly from their Studies but by persons â—ndued with qualities and parts necessarie and fit for his Majesties service having been experienced and practised in the exercise of the Office of Counsellors at Law and Judges for the contrarie having been don hitherto hath been the occasion of great inconveâ—iences and dammages to these Kingdoms Item that the Judges of the Council Roial Chanceries and other Courts which Voted in the first sentences may not Vote nor sentence anie processes upon review but pass the View and Votes of such Suits by order to the Judges of another Court as is usual in Suits which by reason of discoâ—d are remitted from one Court to another for of the sentences pronounced by those of the Council and Judges of the said Courts beeing reviewed by them have proceeded and do proceed great inconveniencies For they shew themselvs very passionate and desirous to confirm their sentences defending them as if they were Advocates for the partie in whose favor they formerly had given sentence And that all Suits may bee determined by two Courts without any inconvenience that that those Writs may bee useless which they that are in Suit procure in like cases to make their Suits pass through all Courts Item That his Majestie provide and appoint a Superintendent to bee constant and resident in every one of the Courts and Chanceries as was accustomed in the time of the Catholick Queen Donia Isabel our Ladie and that they bee persons of Autoritie and good intention who may provide that the ordinances bee observed and see that the suites bee conformable thereunto That Clients applying themselvs to them may finde redress and help for their grievances and that his Majestie may bee informed by them of the State of his Courts and of the justice administred in them Item That the said offices of the Council Chancerie and Alcaldias bee not perpetual in regard it is so expedient for his Majestie 's service and the good of the Kingdoms That the Judges and Alcaldes may not hold themselvs Lords of those offices nor think it to bee an injurie to them to bee displaced and others appointed to officiate Concerning the Council and Courts THat the offices of the privie Council in what concerns the Kingdoms of Castilla and Leon and judges his Majestie 's Alcaldes de la casa e Corte Chanceries and all other offices of justice may not bee given to any strangers but to the inhabitants and natives of the said Kingdoms And that for this respect no act or letters pattents of naturalization may bee given and if any should bee given that they may bee respectively received but not fulfilled That the number of the judges of the Council of justice may bee twelve neither more nor less and those to bee of such qualities and parts as the Laws of the Kingdom do require Item That Suits bee determined in the Council and Chancerie in their order and as they stand registred and by the Courts where they are depending without joyning of any others to them That concerning this particular his Majestie may give no writs in derogation of ordinances Also that those which were to bee pleaded and determined in Chancerie bee not kept still nor removed by wrâ—ts to the Council And that those judges that can take recognisance of Suits and causes may not bee put by from hearing and determining the said Suits by writ or order from his Majestie And in case the judges bee suspected the Parties may have the remedie of appeal Or if his Majestie have given any such writs that hee revoke and annul them That henceforwards it may remain as a perpetual and inviolable Law that the Judges of the Council and Chancerie present or to com may not obey the said writs under pain of beeing deprived of their offices and paying one hundred thousand Maravediz each for his Majestie 's exchequer And that the same may bee observed in the writs which shall bee given by his Secretarie the Suites depending Item That those of the Council Judges of Courts and Chancerie and Alcaldes de Corte may not possess or hold more then one office And in case they should have two or more that they may bee taken from them and that they may receiv Salarie for no more then one office Item that matters of Justice which may bee prejudicial to the parties henceforwards may bee determined and dispatched by those of the Council and not by the privie Chamber for by this means things will bee carried according to Justice and without grievances Item that the Secretaries appointed for the Chamber may not have Vote in the Council of Justice concerning those matters which depend on private Writs
or Mandamus from their Majesties to the end they may not defend in the Council any Writs which they had so signed whereby the parties might bee aggrieved Item that the said Secretaries appointed for the Chamber may not receiv any thing besides the Salarie which his Majestie is pleased to allow them it beeing competent For by experience it hath been seen they have demanded and adjudged divers unjust things concerning the taxes and impositions of the Kingdom And they keep intelligencers through the whole Kingdom to give them notice of what is vacant and how they may charge new taxes and impositions And this Office beeing in their own hands they may ask what they list and it is granted them But in case the said Secretaries or any of them should demand any thing for themselvs their children or friends that for so doing they may lose their Offices and not onely bee disabled to execute the said Offices but all others whatsoëver Item that the diffinitive sentences pronounced by the Alcaldes de casa e Corte and Chanceries in case of death or mutilation of members may have the libertie of appeal to those of the Council and Judges of the Courts Roial And that tâ—e said Alcaldes may bee obliged to grant the said appeals and supplications according to Law Item that the said Alcaldes de casa e Corte and Chancerie or their Notaries may not exact or receiv either more or less duties or fees then the ordinarie Alcaldes of the Corregidores of Cities and Towns in this Kingdom where there is Counsel and Chancerie Item that the Alcaldes and other Officers of the Court called the Hermandad which is properly for High-way-men may have a constant place of Residence when they leav their Office which those that succeed them may enjoie and that these may have power to question and execute their sentence against the said Judges and Officers their Predecessors Item that the Corregidores Alcaldes Officers of Cities Towns Villages Burroughs and other places of Justice in these Kingdoms may not bee continued in the said Offices above the space of one year after their donomination although the Cities Towns and Commonalties should desire it for the said Offices having been continued for longer time hath occasioned many inconveniencies and defects of Justice to such Cities and Towns Item that henceforwards no Corregidores may bee provided or appointed for any Cities or Towns of these Kingdoms but when the said Cities or Towns shall require it in regard it is so ordained by the Laws of the Land And that the said Cities and Towns may place and provide their ordinarie Alcaldes beeing men of abilities that so the Salaries of Corregidores their Lievtenants and other Officers may bee saved That the Cities and Towns may appoint and allow moderate and reasonable Salaries to the said ordinarie Alcaldes out of the publick stock And that the said stipendarie Judges may bee tied to serv onely that Town or Citie which giveth them the Salarie Item that in cases wherein a Judg Inquisitor is required those that are appointed for Judges Inquisitors may go with the limited Salarie at the charge of the King's Exchequer and not at the charge of the Delinquents for to recover their Salaries they make Innocent men Delinquents and after that the said Salaries and charges bee recovered of those who were condemned and declared guiltie by those of the Council or other Judges the said Examinations may bee reviewed by waie of Appeal Commission or otherwise Item that henceforwards no Corregidor or other Judg of what qualitie soëver may bee allowed to receiv his Salarie or any part thereof or by waie of Ayuda de costa which is to help bear his charge out of anie fines or forfeitures adjudged by them but may return them to the Exchequer to the end hee may not bee thought to have pronounced an unjust sentence out of covetousness thereof And that whosoëver shall receiv anie monie in that kinde may bee condemned to paie four times as much into his Majestie 's Exchequer and bee made incapable of any Office ever after Concerning Encomiendas or promotions to Dignities and Council of the Orders THat those of the Council of the Orders as Presidents Judges and other Officers bee visited in the same manner as is ordered for the Council Roial Item that the Treasurers and Officers of the Orders and Maestrazgos or Masterships make their Visitations from three to three years that it may appear how they behave themselvs in their Offices and those that shall bee found guiltie may suffer punishment Item that the Encomiendas of the Militarie Orders of Santjago Calatrava Alcantara may not bee given or conferred upon any Strangers although they bee naturalized But that herein may bee observed the same rule as in Ecclesiastical Offices Dignities and Benefices whereby they may bee provided according as is constituted and ordeined in the Statutes of the Order Concerning Bulls Cruzadas and Compositiones THat no Bulls Cruzadas or Compositions of what qualitie soëver bee suffered to bee preached in these Kingdoms unless upon som real and urgent occasion debated and approved in Parlament That the monie which shall bee raiâ—ed tâ—ereby may bee deposited in the Collegial or Cathedral Church of the Bishoprick and not to bee taken out thence spent or emploied otherwise then in the same urgent occasion for which the Bull was granted Item That in case there bee such necessitie of preaching the Bulls Cruzadas and Compositiones as above said this manner and order may bee observed That there bee care had to choos honest men of good consciences and learned that they may know and understand what they preach That they exceed not in their preaching the cases and things contained in the Bulls That they preach in none but the Collegial or Cathedral Churches That in places where there are no Collegial or Cathedral Churches the Bulls may bee sent to the Curates or their Vicars to the end they may divulge and publish them to their Parishioners That they advise and â—dmonish the people but impose no Penaltie if they take them not and that they might receiv them if they would That there may bee no such exorbitance as was usual heretofore injoyning the people to com and detaining them perforce in their Sermons not suffering them to follow their callings and occupations unless they took their Bulls and other such ill demeanors Item That whatsoëver was to bee recovered and gathered by virtue of the Bulls thus received may not bee recovered by waie of excommunication or interdict but by demanding it before the secular Justice of the Citie Town or Village where the Bull had been received That the Alcaldes of the Villages may have power herein for the contrarie having been done hath much indangered the Souls of laboring-men Priests and other persons and the people suffer very many and great oppressions in this manner of recovering it Item That henceforwards for ever the Commissaries of the Cruzadas and Compositiones may not
levie or recover any thing of that which some Cities Towns Villages and Corporations have expended in their own houses in feasting Bull-baitings or acts of Charitie although they do it from an ancient custom by vow or what other waie soëver they can pretend Item That the monies levyed by the Cruzadas and Compositiones which were granted for the war against the Moores costs and charges of the Armies which had been or are to bee raised against the enemies of our Catholick faith and to releiv the Kingdoms and Cities of Africa may bee expâ—nded and imployed to the same end for which they were granted and that they may not bee granted hereafter upon any other pretence whatsoëver nor the said monie or any part thereof may bee given or bestowed as a Merced or gratuitie upon any bodie becaus besides the publick dammage men's Souls are indangered by the not imploying it to the use for which it was granted Which if it were applyed to the proper and right intent the Royal Revenues would remain free for the service and augmentation of the Royal estate Item That the Mercedes and Librancas of any monie of those said Bulls Cruzadas and Compositiones which have been given to any particular persons as well natives as strangers may bee revoked and made void Concerning the Indies Isles and Continent THat henceforwards for ever no Mercedes may bee made of Indians whereby the Gold or any other Commodities may bee taken thence to anie person or persons of what qualitie soëver That these which hitherto have been may bee revoked for by that means their Majestie 's Roial Patrimonie hath been and will bee much damnified in stead of beeing advantaged by reason of the great quantitie of Gold exhausted thence Besides that they are used more like Infidels and slaves then Christians as they are Item that the hous of Contratacion at Sevilla for the Isles and Continent of the Indies may remain for ever in the said Citie and not bee removed to anie other Citie or place within this Kingdom or without In regard the said Citie of Sevilla is so famous and fit a place for it and it would bee a great hinderance to these Kingdoms and a disservice to their Majesties if it should bee altered Concerning Mercedes THat their Majesties or the succeeding Kings may not make anie Merced of goods confiscated or to bee confiscated or of anie part or parcel thereof to anie Judg or Judges who have given or are to give Sentence in the said Causes That the said Judges or anie of them may not receiv anie such Mercedes either in paiment or lieu of their Salaries or for Ayuda de Costa or in anie other kinde whatsoëver directly or indirectly either for themselvs or their wives children friends or kindred for by this means they beeing free from all covetousness and interests may with more equitie and Justice proceed and give their Sentence That whosoëver shall do the contrarie may bee obliged to restore four times as much into his Majesties Exchequer and that they may for ever remain incapable of enjoying the same or anie other publick Offices Item that their Majesties or their Successors may not give or make anie Mercedes or Librancas of goods and monie which hath not been brought into their Exchequer or in their own hands for by this means they will know what they give and how they endammage themselvs which not knowing they easily grant the said Librancas and Mercedes as their Majesties had given away in that nature great quantities of pearls and monie which if preserved had been sufficient to have mainteined their Roial Houshold without making such shifts as they were driven to by taking up monie at Interest or demanding Subsidies of the Subjects and Natives of their Kingdoms Item that their Majesties or their Successors may not give or grant anie Merced of goods demanded in their Majesties names or of the Roial Crown of these Kingdoms concerning which there is anie Suit depending unless sentence bee first pronounced against the possessors thereof and that they bee absolutely condemned That whatsoëver hath been done to the contrarie heretofore may bee revoked Otherwise it would hinder the free Administration of Justice according to right and equitie And that whosoëver should receiv or procure anie such Mercedes may for ever bee held incapable and unworthie of receiving for themselvs or others anie Merced from their Majesties or their Successors in these Kingdoms Item that their Majesties may pleas to revoke all Mercedes whatsoever which had been made or granted since the death of the Catholick Queen Donia Isabel as well by the Kings Don Fernando and Don Felipe as by Don Carlos our present Sovereign And whatsoever Confirmations have been made of anie Towns Villages Vassals Jurisdictions Salt-pits Mines of Gold and Silver Copper Lead Tin or Allum In regard besides that they are contrarie to the Laws of the Land the most illustrious and Catholick Queen Donia Isabel our Ladie did absolutely prohibit and forbid them when by her last Will and Testament shee left the government and rule of these Kingdoms to the charge and care of the Catholick King Don Fernando And that all this may bee applied to the proper use and benefit of the Roial Crown of these Kingdoms and that those persons who have obteined anie such Mercedes may make no further use of them hereafter Item forasmuch as since the deceas of the Queen Donia Isabel have been made divers Mercedes and manie Patents and Privileges of Gentilitie given for monie to several persons without anie just caus or consideration of services done to their Majesties that might deserv the said favour whereby the Towns Commonalties and those which paie the taxes have been much damnified and injured That their Majesties may revoke all such Patents Mercedes and Privileges whatsoever and those to whom they were given may not anie waies enjoie them And that henceforward no such Mercedes Patents or Privileges may evâ—r bee granted or bee in force to benefit those to whom they were given And that this may never bee derogated or abrogated with anie claus general or particular or by anie ordinarie or absolute Power Item forasmuch as contrarie to equitie and the tenour and foâ—m of the Laws of these Kingdoms have been granted and made divers Mercedes of the Reversion of Offices Benefices Dignities and other things in the hands of men yet living That their Majesties may revoke all of them without exception that hitherto have been made or granted either by their Majesties or their Predecessors That nothing in this nature bee ever granted hereafter and if anie should bee granted that they may not bee fulfilled nor take effect notwithstâ—â—ding any derogatorie clauses with penalties and confirmations whatsoever but to the end they may bee resisted and bee of no value that they may bear no penalâ—ies at all And that whosoever shall procure anie such Merced may bee made incapable of anie place in Court or
anie other publick Office Item that his Majestie discard and put away the Officers of his Roial Familie and Kingdom as Treasurers and their substitutes and all others whosoëver have behaved themselvs amiss in their offices to his Majesties great disservice the universal dammage of these Kingdoms who having as when they first entred into their Offices little or nothing of their own patrimonies and their profits much exceeding their expences have raised themselvs vaste Estates to the prejudice aswel of the publick good of the Kingdoms and the Natives thereof as the impairing and diminishing of the Roial Patrimonie Item That the offices of his Majestie 's Royal familie and the Kingdom those of the Royal Courts and the Alcaldes Fiscales or Attournies thereof Corregimientos Assistencias Alguazilagos Regimientos Veyntiquatrias Escrivanias of the Audiencias and Council and whatsoever other offices of the Cities Towns and Places of the Kingdoms which are at their Majesties and their successors disposal now and from this time forwards may never bee fold or given for monie or bestowed as Mercedes upon any who beeing unfit to execute the said offices may make sale of them in regard the sale of them is very detestable and forbidden by the Common Laws and rights of the Kingdoms for the great dammages and prejudices which have accrewed thereby to the good of the Publick And that the said offiâ—es may bee freely given and bestowed upon persons of sufficient parts and abilities to perform and execute them Item Tâ—at if the said offices or any of them bee provided otherwise or bestowed contrarie to the tenour and form mentioned in the precedent Article That they may bee held as vacant and whosoever is so placed in them may bee discarded And their Majestâ—e's and successors provide and bestow them as above said Item That the officers which are to serv in the Court or in any the Cities or Towns of these Kingdoms aswell of the Iuzgados as of the Veintequarto Escrivanias and other such like offices may not possess more then one office And if they bee such as may bee supplied by Substitutes or â—ievtenants that these may bee paied by the principal officers And that their Majesties or successors grant no stipend or Salarie to the said Substitutes nor the Principals consent thereunto under pain of losing their offices and others to bee put into their places Item as touching the Confirmations of the priviledges of the Right or Custom called Maravediz de Iuro That no confirmation of the said Priviledges may bee required and that their Majesties give Command to the officers who have raised great summs thereby to restore the said monie to the persons of whom they received it and that speedily and freely without any trouble or suit Item that those of the Offices Roial as well High Treasurers as those of the Cruzadas Compositions or the Islands and Continent of the Indieâ— may bee obliged to certifie and declare unto their Majesties and their Successors whatsoever debts remain conceâ—led and forgotten and all other things in the said Offices appertaining to the Roial Patrimonie but that they give no intelligence thereof to anie particular or private persons lest they should beg them under pain of paying twice as much into the Exchequer or Roial Patrimonie and of beeing deprived of the said Offices and made incapable not onely of them but all others Item that those who have had or have anie Office Roial or charge of the Registers of the Roial Revenues may not have the said Remainders of the farming thereof and in case anie have made use of them that hee or they bee obliged to paie the double of what hee hath received thereof into their Majesties â—xchequer and lose their Offices with the Salaries and benefits thereunto belonging Item that all those who have bought anie Offices since the deceas of the Catholick King Don Fernando which could not bee sold according to tâ—e Laws of the Land and the Contents of the preceding Articles may not execute the said Offices under pain of death and loss of good and their Majesties may provide and dispose them to other able and sufficient persons Concerning Residencia's THat all those Officers who had charge of his Majesties Estate in the time of the Catholick King Don Fernando his Grandfather may bee brought to an account for what they did in their Offices and Charges concerning his Majesties Estate aâ—d the Roial patrimonie which passed through their hands and that they produce these accounts before such persons as shall bee nominated and appointed by his Majestie and the Kingdom That his Majestie appoint and nominate these said persons within thirtie daies after these Articles and Laws bee granted by their Majesties and in case his Majestie doth not nominate anie within the said term of thirtie daies that then those Accounts may bee produced before such persons as the Kingdoms shall appoint who may receiv them for their Majesties Exchequer and condemn and laie penalties upon those whom they finde guiltie according to equitie and the Laws of the Kingdoms Item that the like Account bee also given by the Treasurers and other Officers whosoever have been encharged heretofore with the Cruzadas Bulls and Compositions or with the Gold and Pearls brought from the â—slands and Continent of the Indies and the same order to bee observed therein as is above-specified Item that those of the Council and the Officers of his Majesties Familie and Court who have been or are to bee dismissed may make their Residencia or render their accounts before the Persons mentioned in the preceding Arcicles Item that the said Officers bee thus called to account becaus they have given advise and notice of manie things which have been begged and given as Mercedes to the great Prejudice of the Roial Patrimonie which advices and informations they gave either to enjoie a share thereof themselvs or to purchase them wholly or to procure others to buie or farm them by which means for very small matters they have gained vaste sums of monie Therefore in regard this hath been a great dammage and prejudice to the Roial Patrimonie their Majesties may ratifie and allow the above mentioned persons to take the said Accounts and Residencia's And whatsoever shall bee thus discovered by them that it may all accrew to their Majesties Exchequer for if they had rightly and truly performed their Offices they ought to have given their Majesties those Informations and not to private persons Concerning Prelates and other Particulars THat the Bishopricks Archbishopricks Dignities Canonicates other Ecclesiastical preferments whatsoever or the pensions thereof may not bee conferred upon anie â—trangers but upon the Natives and Inhabitants of these Kingdoms That if anie were disposed of contrarie to the tenour hereof his Majestie may bee pleased by Apostolical Autoritie to order that they may bee resigned and conferred upon Natives of these Kingdoms satisfaction beeing given to those that are dispossessed of them to their full value in
other rents in their own Countries Item in regard his Majestie had given away the Archbishoprick of Toledo before hee was received and sworn King in the Parlament at Valladolid That his Majestie may make a new presentation of the said Archbishoprick and confer it upon a Native and Inhabitant of the Kingdom of Castilla who may deserv it beeing a person of learning and conscience answerable a Divine or Civil Lawyer for the bestowing it on the Nephew of Monsieur de Xeures contrarie to the Laws of the Kingdom hath been and is very prejudicial to the Kingdom and the said Dignitie hee beeing under age and absent and although hee were a Native of the Kingdom it was not fit nor just to give it him That the Revenue of the said Dignitie was transported out of the kingdom wherewith if hee were a Native and resident in the said dignitie hee might entertain manie Nobles and Gentlemen in his hous as hath been the custom formerly And if his Maâ—estie would bee pleased to graâ—ifie the said Nephew of Monsieur de Xeures with som other lands in his own Countrie It might very well bee done Item that all Letters of Naturalization whatsoever that have formerly been given may bee revoked and never anie granted hereafter And if anie should bee granted although with derogatorie clauses and by an absolute power that they may bee respectively received but not fulfilled That there may bee no penaltie for the non-performance of anie such supplication and whosoever should bee strict therein may bee apprehended and severely punished by the Justices of the kingdom where hee was taken Item that the Judges Notaries and other Officers of the Ecclesiastical Courts may not have or demand more fees then those of the Secular Courts according to the â—tatutes of the kingdoms And if in anie case the Apostolical Autoritie bee requisite their Majesties may bee pleased to send to their Embâ—ssador to procure it from his Holiness and send it Item that the Archbishops Bâ—shops and Prelates of the kingdoms may reside in their own Diocess the greatest part of tâ—e year whereoâ— if they fail that they may lose proportionably a paâ—t of their fruits to bee emploied for the building or repairing of their Churches for by reason of their beeing absent the Divine Service is not performed as it ought to bee That his Maâ—estie send for a Bull to this effâ—ct from his Holiness within the space of one year And if his Majestie did not send for it within the said term that the kingdom might have power to demand it and take by his Autoritie out of the fruits of the said dignities as much as would diffraie the charges of the Journie and sollicitation to procure it Item forasmuch as his Holiness at his Majesties râ—quest had sent a Licence to the Archbishop of Granada purposing that whosoever should have his said power although secular persons might judg and give sentence in som cases against Priests in criminal matters That his Majestie would bee pleased to caus the said Licence to bee enrolled within six months and send a Copie thereof into these kingdom to excuse and avoid the scandals which arise thereby Concerning Regidores THat henceforwards their Majesties or their Successors never give or grant anie Licence to the Regidores Veyntiquatros Iurados and other Officers of the Council of Cities Towns or Villages of these kingdoms to live with or have anie dependance upon Noble-men That all Licences to this effect whatsoever granted in former times may bee revoked That the Laws of the Kingdoms may bee herein observed and executed That whosoever shall procure or make use of anie such Licence may bee deprived of his office And that their Majesties dispose thereof as beeing vacant but that hee or his children may never re-injoy it Item That the Regidores of the Cities and Towns of these Kingdoms who are Lawyers may not execute the office of Advocates nor plead in the said Cities or Towns but for them and their Commonalties Alienation of Goods or Lands from the Royal Crown THat his Majestie command effectually to restore the Towns Villages Forts Jurisdictions Revenues and all other Rights whatsoever to the Cities and Towns of his Royal Crown which they had formerly in their possession and which the most illustrious Queen Donia â—sabel our Ladie commanded in her will to bee restored And to the end this may bee effected and the wills of the Catholick King Don Fernando and his Queen Donia Isabel may bee fulfilled That executors may bee appointed with sufficient power to perform the same within six months without further delaie Item to the end this may remedied henceforwards That their Majesties or Successors for no reason or caus neither in paiment or satisfaction of services or anie other waies whatsoever may alienate anie thing from the Royal Crown or Patrimonie and in case anie alienation bee made that it may bee restored Concerning Forts and Alcaydias or Governments THat the Forts and Alcaydias of the strong holds of these Kingdoms may not bee given to anie forreiners but intrusted to the Natives and Inhabitants of these Kingdoms although they may produce letters of naturalization And that the same order bee observed herein as in the Dignities and Ecclesiastical preferments Item That his Majestie take away all command or governments whatsoever of Castles and Forts possessed by strangers or transferred by them for monie to anie natives of these Kingdoms Item that Antonio de Fonseca may bee dispossessed of the offices and command hee hath in these Kingdoms in regard of the great mischiefs and scandals which they suffer by his occasion Item that the Forts and Alcaydias may not bee given to anie Noble-men or persons of high birth and qualitie And that the Alcaydes or Commanders thereof may take the oath of fealtie to his Majestie and give securitie to the Cities and Towns where they are that by or from the said Forts they shall receiv no dammage or prejudice Item that his Majestie give order forthwith and every two years from this time forwards to visite and repair as occasion doth require the Forts and places of strength upon the frontiers of these Kingdoms Concerning Cloath THat the Cloath that is imported from other Countries may bee of the same size and goodness as those which are wrought in these Kingdoms according as it is ordered by the Statutes and Act of Parlament That the said Act may bee executed aswell upon forreign Clothes as those which are made in these Kingdoms That what deferring of the time of the Act or Licences soëver have been granted to sell and disperse them in these Kingdoms may bee revoked and declared void That hereafter no such Licences bee granted but in case there bee that they may not bee fulfilled And that without stopping or arresting them the Justices may proceed according to the Act under pain of losing their offices and paying one hundred thousand Maravediz towards the reparations and charitable uses of the Citie
his promise in letting them have the said men to send to Tordesillas in the Iunta's service and upon that condition they should carrie the Colours and Arms of Valladolid These Letters were dispatched in the name of the Citie by the Prior of the great Church who was a grand Commoner These answers beeing sent to the two Noble-men the Citie gave order for the raising of more men to send to the Iunta becaus there were many wanting of the thousand which they had sent Moreover Command was given for the gathering of one hundred Duckets out of every Ward which amounted to one thousand four hundred Duckets Which was forthwith done and the thousand men compleated After this they caused a Proclamation to bee made throughout the Citie commanding all and everie of the Commonaltie to appear under pain of beeing accused for Malignants or Ill-affected to the Iunta Who beeing all assembled they made them swear by the Holie Evangelists and upon the Cross in forma that under pain of beeing infamous perjurers and faith-breakers they should bee readie to serv favor and assist in whatsoever those of the Iunta should do in order to the service of God the King Queen and Commonaltie of the Citie of Valladolid and that they should not do or saie directly or indirectly any thing to the contrarie or suffer anie thing to bee said or done by their children servants or housholds And if they should know or hear any thing said or done to the contrarie that they should forthwith inform the Assemblie of the Citie of Valladolid thereof to the end the offenders might receiv condigne punishment The Oath beeing thus pronounced they all cried with one voice This wee swear SECT XVII I Have already declared how the Citie of Segovia was divided by several factions insomuch that they seemed to bee in Civil War amongst themselvs The Earl of Chinchon defended the Forts Within the Citie there were several houses of strength wherein som of the Roial partie fortified themselvs others did the like in the Cathedral Church The Fort beeing but slenderly mann'd the Earl of Chinchon went to Burgos to desire succour from the Lord High Constable who sent ten Musketiers valiant and resolute men with order to get into the Fort â—s they could They arrived at Pedraça on Fridaie morning 23 of November where they took abouâ— one hundred weight of powder and kept themselvs private until the Evening Night beeing com they marched with a guide who led them by-waies to Parral where hee left them and the Moon beeing down they went into the Fort without any one's taking notice of them which was the better effected becaus that very daie those of Segovia had assaulted the Church and were wearie having found strong resistance The next daie it beeing noised in the Citie that the Fort had received succour in the night they were much scandalized and troubled at it thinking it more considerable then it was and feared that they were sold by som within the Citie Things beeing in the condition before-mentioned disposed for an absolute breach the Cities of the League prepared arms and men with all expedition and those of the Iunta sent certain instructions which their Captains and Souldiers were to observ to Valladolid where Don Pedro Giron whom they all looked upon as Captain General remained to make and order the Armie as shall bee more at large declared in the following Book Finis Libri Quarti THE CIVIL WARS OF SPAIN THE FIFTH BOOK SECT I. THe Passions of the people in Castilla grew to such mortal animosities that pens and tongues beeing wearied they fell to preparing arms and munition of war as when an Impostume fester's no cure can bee exspected but by the applying of hot burning Iron Those Gentlemen who were the chief sticklers for the Commonalties beeing lanch'd forth into the deepest of the sea of passion knowing how ill a name they had acquired which exceedingly offended their presumption were already grown so desperate that they cared not to lose their Countries Estates Wives Children or their own Lives desiring to hazard all in the Lotterie of Arms and make or destroie their fortunes in one Battle wherein if their designs had been crowned with success doubtless they would have changed their styles and beeing victorious remained with the glorious attribute of Redeemers and Defenders of their Countrie for humane judgments determine by the Event not by the middle or beginning of any Enterprise Though it hath been the ordinarie defect of other Commonalties to have but slender forces this was so powerful that had there been the least good Conduct â—mongst them and som experienced Captains Don Carlos hardly ever would have recovered the Crown of Spain The Common people were to blame and the Gentrie not to bee excused for opposing and rising against their Sovereign's Ministers yet wee must of necessitie confess that they were valiant That there were divers exorbitancies outrages and insolencies committed What wonder is it amongst the respectless and libertine People and that the Gentlemen depended more upon them then they upon the Nobles who assisted them If wee see an Armie well disciplined the Souldiers subject and obedient to their Captains shall wee saie absolutely all those in that Armie are Traitors for my part I would not neither is it any such great marvel that children rise up against their own fathers for if wee look back to som passages of our Countrie of Spain what shall wee see but the like unnatural actions the factions of Princes the sidings of Grandees and private Gentlemen who were so audacious as to rise in arms against their lawful Kings and yet they are not so spotted and foul as som would make those of the latter times appear to bee I do not saie this in justification of these Commonalties but onely to excuse in what I may my own Nation and the Gentrie thereof But to return to the purpose Nothing was left unattempted on either side that might conduce to the increasing or securitie of their Partie You have seen in the precedent Book that the Iunta sent their Instructions to Valladolid where Don Pedro Giron and other Captains of the Commonaltie were assembled The time beeing com although the season was very sharp and unfit for an Armie to keep the field beeing almost in the depth of Winter they all put themselvs in a readiness and in the name of the Iunta they wrote fresh Letters to the Cities and Towns of their Combination to send immediately all the forces they could possibly rais which they did Those of the Iunta according to agreement Voted Don Pedro Giron Captain General of their Forces and sent him a Commission from the Queen and the Kingdom Thinking that hee beeing a person of so noble extraction and allied to so many Grandees of Castilla would gain a great reputation to their Partie And most men were of opinion that Don Pedro Giron accepted thereof and wedded the Interest
his men too late for the expedition of Tordesillas attended upon the Cardinal thither where his Eminence beeing arrived the Lord Admiral solemnly accepted the Joint-government of the Kingdoms with the Cardinal and the Lord High Constable having first tried all means possible to reduce the people fairly to the obedience of his Majestie for after the taking of Tordesillas hee sent Gomez de Avila who was there made prisoner making him first swear to return to treat with Don Pedro Giron and the rest of the Iunta offering them very honorable Conditions if they would laie down their Arms and com in But Gomez beeing returned without concluding any thing there was no apparent hope of any accommodation besides seeing that the Iunta and the forces of the Commoners were retired to Valladolid which was but five leagues from Tordesillas and that it was no time of year to keep the field or besiege any other Citie leaving the enemies to themselvs the Governors with consent of the rest of the Nobles put all their Souldiers in Garrison in the adjacent Towns For divers of their men were gon away having enriched themselvs with the plunder which they took at Tordesillas The Earl of Haro with som chois companies remained in Tordesillas for the Guard of her Majestie 's person and defence of the Town Don Pedro Velez Earl of OnÌ„ate with som Hors and Foot Companies was placed in Simancas though the Government thereof belonged to Don Hernando de Vega but hee beeing of the Emperor's Council of State it was thought more convenient hee should reside at Tordesillas yet hee went thither somtimes himself as occasion served In Portillo a place of strength belonging to the Earl of Venavente was put another Garrison under the Command of Don InÌ„igo de Padilla cosen-german to the Earl of Venavente To Torrelobaton a Town of the Lord Admiral 's betwixt Tordesillas and Rioseco by which all their provisions were to pass were sent other companies of souldiers besides those which Don Hernando Enriquez the Lord Admiral 's brother had there in regard that was the waie to Burgos where the Lord High Constable was with the Council with whom they were to keep continual correspondence Betwixt the Towns which were for the Commoners and those wherein were Garrisons for his Majestie was such killing robbing and spoiling as if they had been the most mortal enemies in the world as shall bee declared hereafter Artificers could get no emploiment Husbandmen could not till their grounds Merchants had no traffick Cities lost their correspondence with each other becaus the waies were unsecure Justice was quite out of date Excise Tributes Levies Impositions increased daily by reason of the excessive charges of the Armie the Revenue of the Roial Crown which they had usurped not beeing sufficient to defraie them These and such like were the fruits and profit which Castilla reaped by their disobedience And yet for all their miserable condition they did not humble nor submit themselvs neither would they accept of the honorable and advantageous Conditions which were offered them But everie daie they were sending fresh men to maintein and foment the War from Valladolid where those who cast the Kingdom into this precipice had taken up their seat Although they were so jealous and displeased at their Captain General DON PEDRO GIRON especially the Common people that they did neither obey nor respect him neither did hee hold himself secure amongst them and therefore hee left them soon after as you shall see SECT IX THe Bishop of Zamora and Don Pedro Giron thinking themselvs not secure in Zaratan which was but a smal open Village marched with their Armie to Valladolid although their coming was not very acceptable to most of the Citie Beeing there they quartered themselvs in the houses of those that were affected to the King's Partie making abominable havock and spoil their souldiers pulled down tâ—e houses of Francisco de la Serna and Don Alonso NinÌ„o de Castro they plundered the hous of the Comendador Santistevan robb'd and spoiled all they could laie hands on in the Earl of Miranda's hous and divers other mischiefs they did within the Citie whereof the Bishop beeing informed hee caused many things to bee restored and som souldiers to bee punished whereby hee gained much good opinion and affection Two daies after their coming thither they marched both Hors and Foot in goodly order out of the Citie with intent to go to break down the Bridg of Simancas but hearing by the waie that the Earl OnÌ„ate and those of the Town had saved them that labor for the Earl had intelligence that they intended to surprise him there and pass thence to Tordesillas they wheeled about to take the Fort of FuensaldanÌ„a which they entred without any contradiction and having left som souldiers with a Commander in it they returned to Valladolid the same night giving orders to their men to bee ready the next morning before daie which was obeied and they gave out they would gain the pass at Simancas proclaiming war with fire and sword against the Cavaliers at Tordesillas But Simancas beeing scituate upon the descent of an hill the river on one side and a strong Fort on the other which the Earl of OnÌ„ate had been very careful and vigilant in poviding with all necessaries they feared no attempts from those of Valladolid Most of those that marched out of Valladolid that time were from Salamanca Toro and Zamora many of them sillie ignorant fellows and their Captains not much more knowing in Martial affairs they were so long fitting themselvs that they made it three a clock in the Afternoon before they were all out of Valladolid which was ten hours after the time appointed so that they were forced to quarter that night at Laguna one league from the Citie som in the Monasterie of Abrojo others in the field with the Artillerie There fell such a difference betwixt Don Pedro Giron and the Bishop of Zamora that Don Pedro with his Lanciers marched to Tudela but there hee was refused quarters so hee was enforced to go on to VillavanÌ„ez Next 〈◊〉 the Bishop gave orders to march to Simancas but som told him that 't was better to return to Valladolid and there take further advice The people of Toro Zamora and Valladolid had likewise som bickerings amongst themselvs insomuch that every one would carrie their Artillerie home to their own Cities but those of Valladolid beeing the strongest partie carried it to their Citie without any more ado which bred much discontent and heart-burning and all exclaimed against Don Pedro Giron saying all the ill their discontented mindes could imagine of him for leaving them in that manner which confirmed all the jealousies and suspicions which they had formerly conceived of him One daie twelv Foot souldiers of Valladolid went out upon a partie towards Simancas and about one league from Valladolid they met with fourscore Hors of that Garrison which made them flie to secure themselvs
into a little Tower amongst the Vineyards where they defended themselvs until the Alarm was given in Valladolid and the Bishop of Zamora came out with a partie of Hors and rescued them two of those of Simancas were killed and the rest seeing more men com from Valladolid fled all away so the Bishop returned with som hurt men but lost not one Beeing night the Citie much satisfied with his courage in this exploit sent out many torches to receiv him The next daie becaus a brother of Serna's had murmured somthing against the Bishop they commanded his hous to bee pull'd down and in regard the people thronged thither out of greediness to carrie away the timber they heedlessly cut down the pillars and posts that supported it whereby the four quarters of the hous fell amongst the people killed fourteen or fifteen men and hurt divers others SECT X. THe Commissioners who fled at the taking of Tordesillas to Medina del Campo came afterwards to Valladolid where they held their Iunta general concerning the affairs of the Kingdom The Lord Admiral seeing his Towns destroied his tenants plundered of all their goods and cattle since the â—â—rdinal's departure from Rioseco sent them a Letter to Valladolid pourporting That since it had been God's pleasure to laie his Judgments upon the Kingdom and afflict them with the â—pirit of dissention hee desired to the end there might bee no more spoiling nor murthering one another That there might bee a Ceâ—sation of Arms but upon this condition That whatsoever dammage and prejudice hee and the Earl of Venavente had sustained in their Lands by the robbing and violence of those of Valladolid should bee repaired otherwise That those Arms which they had taken to offend them they should take to defend themselvs This Letter beeing read in the Iunta it was Voted that no answer should bee returned nor any other Letter received thenceforwards from any of the Grandees Christmas beeing com they made great preparations to go against Tordesillas Iohn de Padilla beeing arrived with the men of Toledo at Medina del Campo it was moved that hee should besiege it on one side and the Bishop on the other hereupon were every daie consultations amongst the Commissioners but they could not determine any thing At last it was resolved that Iohn de Padilla should bee sent for to Valladolid that they might take his advice The Commoners were far more in number then the Cavaliers but these were the better and more experienced men in matters of Arms Tordesillas they fortified daily and furnished with all sorts of provisions Simancas likewise was in so good condition that the hors of that garrison plagued those of Valladolid in such manner that no bodie could Travel nor keep any Cattle in the fields or any thing els but they would bee sure to snap it By order of the Iunta it was Proclaimed in Valladolid with sound of Trumpets and Minstrels that no Souldiers or others should rob under pain of death albeit they should meet with people coming from the enemies quarters unless they bore Arms on the other side and in such case they might do what they could to the end that People might pass to and fro securely and trade not absolutely bee destroied The like was proclaimed in Tordesillas and Simancas By this means the waies began to bee somwhat secure but not altogether and the People desired there might bee one good battle for either side falling the dispute would bee ended The spirit and Courage of the Bishop was remarkable One night hee sallied out of Valladolid and went to Palencia took the Corregidor the Alcaldes and other officers of Justice and placed others in their steads hee had an intent to apprehend Don Diego de Castilla also but hee fled With the favor and assistance of the major part of the Citie hee called himself Bishop of Palencia for which Bishoprick hee was presently offâ—ed sixteen thousand Duckets Thence hee went to Carrion and Torquemadâ— in each of which Towns as in Palencia hee left two thousand men to guard them which the Commonaltie had given him hee gave them strict orders to bee very watchful and Vigilant but to offer violence to none except the the people of Burgos and other places belonging to the Cavaliers and from such hee bid them take what they could and paie themselvs with the plunder and tell the people that if they came a second time they might thank God if they took not their lives away as for their goods or Cattle they must exspect to have none left This done hee returned to Valladâ—lid having made himself a King and Pope SECT XI IOhn de Padilla marched out of Medina del Campo towards Valladolid with â— great number of Foot paid for a long time but onely threescore hors And beeing arrived at the bridg of Duero hee commanded his Artillerie to bee carried up the River to Simancas At about half a league distance hee caused four peeces of Ordnance to bee shot at the Town whereupon the Earl of OnÌ„ate sallied forth with fourscore Lances with which hee laie in ambush thinking to cut off Iohn de Padilla's train but beeing discovered Iohn de Padilla let flie four Falconets at them which made them soon turn their bâ—cks and hee pursued them to the very Gates of Simancas Thence hee went to Valladolid where hee was solemnly received with the applaus and content of the whole Citie making as if hee were the father of them all in whom they reposed all their trust and confidence And there hee was made Captain-General although those of the Iunta would have given that Command to Don Pedro Lasso de la Vega but the great credit and esteem which Iohn de Padilla had gotten amongst the Souldierie made them decline that resolution The Earl of Haro having intelligence of Iohn de Padilla's march to Valladolid had an intent to stop his waie to which effect hee sent for Don Geronimo de Padilla to Simancas with those men hee had at Portillo but beeing upon his departure informed for certain that some of Tordesillas had given Iohn de Padilla notice of his design and that they had agreed assoon as the Earl was gon with his men one waie Iohn de Padilla shouâ—d com another and fall upon Tordesillas where most of the Inhabitants were for the Commonaltie and desired nothing more then the effecting of this ploâ— Hee câ—anged his former determination and staied to secure Tordesillas After this they had intelligence that in a place called Rodilana betwixt Medina del Campo and Valladolid were quartered five hundred Souldiers of Salamanca who beeing so neer Medina thought themselvs secure and kept no guards hereupon the Lord Admiral and the â—arl consulted how to beat up their quarters and destroie them Don Pedro de la Cueva brother to the Duke of Alburquerque a valiant Gentlemen undertook the execution of this design and with few more then what the enemie was spoken to bee
with all their forces were The Towns which stood for the Commonaltie made great shews of rejoicing for this Victorie The Lord Admiral and those that were with him were cruelly netled hereat and beeing vexed more for their honor's sake then for the importance of the place they resolved to bee revenged So they gave notice forthwith to the Lord High Constable of all passages who commanded immediately four thousand men which hee had ready with four pieces of Ordnance to march by the waie of Palencia to Tordesillas whereof Don Iohn de Mendoça having intelligence sallied out of Valladolid with above four thousand Fooâ— and stopt their passage Tâ—e Cavaliers seeing they could get no succor that waie nor having men enough in Tordesillas to encounter Iohn de Padilla who was very strong besides all the Cities beeing their enemies they sent to demand a Truce for eight daies of Iohn de Padilla which although he and som of the Commissioners that were with him were not unwilling to grant yet they durst not without consulting with Valladolid for in regard they stood in great need of that Citie and were very much favored and assisted by them they bare them a singular respect and would determine nothing without their privitie This was communicated to all the people of Valladolid and discussed at length they all agreed to return this answer That they should by no means grant them any truce no not for one hour but proceed against them with all manner of rigor for it was most certain that they demanded a Truce for nothing els but meerly to recruit themselvs of men and provisions to the prejudice of the Commonaltie and if they did grant them eight or fifteen daies libertie by the ancient law of the Kingdom they might renew their Cessation still to ninetie and six daies and so from ninetie six to ninetie six until the year were out by which procrastinations the Commonalties would bee destroied and ruined and the people lose their courage and good zeal which at present did animate them to defend their Liberties yet notwithstanding Valladolid sent this answer the Commissioners of the Kingdom and the Commanders of the Armie did grant the Truce for eight daies from Sunday to Sundaie SECT XXXIX THis Cessation was demanded after the taking of Torrelobaton although that much displeased the Lord Admiral and Fray Francisco de los Angeles went to Valladolid in his and the Cardinal's name to treat thereof whom Alonso de Vera a bridler and one of the worshipful Citie officers meeting at the Gate del Campo treated very uncivilly and would not suffer to enter into the Citie After this Alonso de Ortiz with danger enough of his life ventured to return thither with Letters of credence to treat about the same business Who beeing entred into the Citie communicated his errand to Don Pedro de Ayala and Don Hernando de Ulloa whom hee found died in grain for his purpose and forth with they gave order that the Iunta should assemble to hear the message that Alonso de Ortiz brought from Tordesillas Which beeing heard and the Articles and conditions of the Truce being almost concluded and the time for the continuance thereof limited it chanced that Fray Pablo and Sancho Zimbron who â—arried the Articles of the Kingdom into Flanders to get them granted and auâ—horized by his Majestie as hath been alreadie mentioned arrived at Valladolid And hearing that they were about a Treatie of Cessation of Arms Fray Pablo presently sent notice of his arrival to the Iunta desiring them that they would not conclude of either Peace or War or Truce until hee came to give them an account of the employment upon which they had sent him into Flanders Hereupon that business was suspended until the evening And then the Commissioners of the Kingdom beeing set againe Fray Pablo came and gave them an account of his journie and what hee had done Amongst other relations hee told them that when hee came into Flanders the Emperor was gon into Germanie whither hee and Sancho Zimbron intended to follow him but by the waie hee was informed that his Majestie had given order if they came into Germanie to have them hanged Whereupon they went no further Moreover that hee knew that his Majestie was so displeased with those Articles and so incensed against those that had aâ—y hand in the making of them or in raising those Commotions in the Kingdom that at his return into Spain they should bee all severely punished notwithstanding any engagement or promises the Governors had made to the contrarie in his name This information the Frier gave the Commissioners of the Kingdoms besides divers other particulars which are too tedious to relate In conclusion hee told them that his advice was that they should contract neither Peace nor Truce with the Grandees but stand firm and unanimously persevere in their former resolution So that if his Majestie would com again into their Kingdom 〈◊〉 might bee through their means and not by the Grandees For that beeing done by a permissive will of the Kingdom they might make their own conditions and have what securitie they pleased besides they might so make their bargain that if his Majestie did not perform his agreement with them the Kingdom might remain united and agreed That all the people should assemble whensoever occasion did require and stick close one to the other in what concerned them for their defence and have sufficent assurance that the agreement made with them should bee performed Wherefore his opinion was that they ought not onely not to grant the Truce which was desired but couragiously to persist in the War until they had destroyed the Grandees and made the Commissioners of the Kingdom with the Iunta Lords of the Countrie Notwithstanding this discours of Fray Pablo the Commissioners commanded Ortiz to continue the Treatie After all this it hapned that the Frier sitting next to Ortiz and taking him to bee a Commissioner of som Citie that was com to the Iunta since his departure hee began to repeat som thing of his discours to the other Commissioners but chiefly harped upon the Emperor's intent to punish the Commoners notwithstanding any pardon the Governors should promise them in his behalf Whereupon not well brooking his speeches Ortiz asked him how hee knew the Emperor had any such thought Hee answered hee was told so Then Ortiz could hold no longer but with a voice that might bee heard by all in the room said That hee wondred that a man of his coat and gravitie beeing a Doctor of Divinitie who ought to give good example should positively saie a thing of such importance as that which hee had verified to those Gentlemen in these words That notwithstanding any pardon the Gavernors should grant confirmed by his Majestie those who had raised the Commotions in the Kingdom his Majestie would punish at his return as if they had been taken in the fact upon no other certaintie but onely
from Burgos with his forces they should all joyn in one bodie and make up an Armie sufficient to encounter Iohn de Padilla in case hee should take the field the succors which hee exspected beeing arrived or to besiege him where hee was for beeing divided they could not attempt either of those enterprises without danger and a doubtfulness of the success neither indeed had they strength enough to perform either design considering they must leav a competent Garrison in Tordesillas According to this resolution the Lord High Constable other Noblemen with the forces they brought w th them to Burgos prepared themselvs for the journie The Duke of Naxara then Vice-roy of Navarra sent him a thousand old souldiers and som Artillerie which with his own men and those other Noblemen's with him made three thousand choice Foot and five hundred gallant Hors well Armed besides som Gentlemen and Light Horsmen and besides those which hee sent before with Don Diego de Sarmiento Earl of Salinas and those which his Nephew Don Pedro Xuarez de Velasco carried to subdue the Merindades With these forces marched the Lord High Constable from Burgos leaving the Citie under the government and guard of Don Antonio de Velasco Earl of Nieva with a competent number of men to that purpose Iohn de Padilla and the other Captains of the Commonaltie having notice hereof sent presently to the town of Vezerril which is in Campos where he was to pass advertising and requiring Don Iohn de Figueroa brother to the Duke of Arcos who still followed the Commonaltie with som Cuirassiers and Light Horsmen then beeing at Vezerril to defend the pass and do the Lord High Constable what disturbance and mischief hee could but hee beeing arrived commanded his men to storm the Town which was done and hee entred without any great difficultie it beeing a place of no considerable strength Don Iohn de Figueroa and another Gentleman with him called Don Iohn de Luna were sent prisoners to the Castle of Burgos which done the Lord High Constable continued on his march to Rioseco where hee arrived with four thousand Foot six hundred Hors three or four great Pieces of Ordnance about five hundred Gascones and six hundred Moors of the Kingdom of Aragon Vassals to the Earl of Almenara wherewith hee served the Cavaliers SECT VIII THe Cavaliers had so plaied their Cards in the Kingdom of Aragon that two thousand souldiers were raised in the Citie of Saragosa and paied at the Kingdom 's charge who beeing mustered and ready to depart the Common people of the Citie hearing that they were levyed in favor of the Cavaliers against the Commonalties of Castilla There was such a hubbub and uproar of a sudden in the Citie that all the people fell unawars upon those souldiers disarmed and routed them quite saying that Aragon had nothing to do to meddle or contradict any thing concerning the liberties of Castilla Don Pedro Giron who was retired to a Town of his named PenÌ„afiel gave intelligence of the raising of these men to those of the Commonaltie and that a great part of them after they were disarmed marched to the Lord high Constable at Burgos whom upon this notice they saie the Earl of Salvatierra did cut off by the waie which was a thing of no great difficultie considering in what ill equipage and condition they then were Don Pedro said moreover that hee sent them this advertisement meerly out of a desire to express his readiness to serv the Commonalties and the Citie of Valladolid telling them that it would not bee amiss to send their acknowledgments and thanks to Saragosa for doing them so great a favor without beeing desired Hee wrote another letter to Valladolid immediately after hee had deserted them and relinquished the office of Captain General vindicating himself of the suspitions and fault wherewith they charged him offering to return unto his Command and desiring them to bee favorable in their censure until they knew further Whereupon som gave their Votes for his returning to his Charge alleging that although hee had committed an error and in probabilitie not unwillingly in marching to Villapando and leaving the waie clear for the Cavaliers to go from Rioseco to Tordesillas the fault was chiefly to bee derived upon Don Pedro Lasso But Iohn de Padilla had gained so much repute amongst them and the Common People that most of the Iunta disliked that proposition And it was better for Don Pedro Giron they did so for it was a stain to the greatness of his birth to bee Captain of such people SECT IX BEfore I com to relate the end which befell Iohn de Padilla and the Iunta's Armie the several passages and exploits of the Bishop of Zamora present themselvs unto my pen. When hee marched from Valladolid by the Iunta's order hee gave out that hee went to take possession of the Arch-Bishoprick of of Toledo then vacant by the death of Guillermo de Crouij nephew to Monsieur de Xeures Hee carried with him an handâ—om Armie of both Foot and Hors with five field-pieces In Toledo hee was very well received and the Citie furnished him with more men and Artillerie from Alcala de Henares hee took six Pieces more so that hee had in all fifteen Pieces of Ordnance Don Antonio de ZunÌ„iga his adversarie was likewise very strong having at least six thousand Foot and proportionable number of Hors besides divers Gentlemen that were com to assist him Amongst whom Don Pedro de Guzman a valiant young Gentleman whom his Majestie made the first Earl of Olivares was chiefly taken notice of for his good service I have already mentioned how the Dutchess of Medina Sidonia DonÌ„a Leonora de ZunÌ„iga by her masculine courage and resolution appeased the disorders and insurrection which Don Iohn de Figueroa attempted to rais in Sevilla since which hearing of the Commotions in the Kingdom of Toledo and that her brother Don Antonio de ZunÌ„iga Prior of San Iuan was engaged in the suppressing of them shee pick'd out a thousand of her choicest Foot and an hundred Hors with six field-pieces all at the Duke her eldest son's charges and sent Don Pedro de Guzman her third son with them to the end in Don Antonio de Zuniga his unkle's companie hee should give testimonie of his valor and fidelitie to the Emperor against those revolters Don Diego de Caravajal Lord of Todar and his brother Don Alonso came likewise to assist Don Antonio in this expedition with a reasonable number of men With all which forces the Prior marched out of Almaguer toward OcanÌ„a thinking to reduce it to his Majesties subjection either by force or composition The Bishop of Zamora who had no less forces with him put his Armie in a posture to encounter him and both came into the field with a full determination to fight which som devout religious men grieving for the loss that both parties were like to sustein endeavored by
to the great Church where the Deputies with the Captains of the Citie were assembled with loud voices and lamentable cries beseeching them to seek som remedie for their miserie was insupportable desiring them moreover to let them know the reason why the war was so procrastinated and urging that fiftie daies were past without any action of war neither could their imaginations reach to what they intended The Officers answered them That the occasion of those demurres was the often going to and coming from Tordesillas about the Treatie of Peace with the Cavaliers bidding them return quietly to their houses and before night they should know particularly all the circumstances and passages of the business Whereupon the people praied them to consider well what they did and not to let them suffer any further detriment or bee burthened vvith any more expences for vvithin less then seven months they had dis-bursed above one hundred thousand and five hundred Duckets besides other charges and losses which they had sustained beyond number yet they did grudg none of all this if they could close up their miseries with peace or revenge themselvs by war and that they might bee permitted to fall upon Simancas and Tordesillas for nothing grieved them so much as that they could not have their wills on them Towards the Evening the people of every Ward beeing called together they were shewed certain Articles which two Commissioners of the Iunta had concluded with the Governors and brought from Tordesillas the substance of them beeing according to the contents of the General Articles of the Kingdom specified at large already I shall spare to trouble the Reader with a second relation SECT XV. THe people having perused these Articles would by no means approve of them nor consent to any agreement alleging that what the Cavalier promised therein was not sufficient neither was it certain to bee performed for they had no warrant from his Majestie so especial as a business of that consequence did require besides they refused to give any pledges or deliver any strong holds into the Commonaltie's possession for their securitie And since the conditions they offered them were neither good nor sure they would have no Peace but War with them in regard they found no securitie of their persons or lives without it The Commissioners and Captains seeing all the people fully determined and bent to give the Cavaliers battle and either live with libertie or end their miseries with death most of them beeing of the same opinion deeming that to bee their onely safe way cherish'd them in that resolution presently giving order to all the people of Valladolid to bee in a readiness all the Artillerie to bee prepared and fitted to carrie into the field the like was done through all the Cities and Towns of the Commonaltie every Commissioner repairing to his own Citie and Town to that purpose Thus they intended in one daie to end all their troubles and that this last bout should paie for all their delaies and triflings whereby they had ruined themselvs and given the Cavaliers time to recruit and strengthen their Partie SECT XVI ONe night whilest these things were thus in agitation Iohn de Padilla by order of those of the Iunta came privately to Valladolid and after they had consulted with him concerning things necessarie for the present expedition hee returned immediately to Torrelobaton to secure the Artillerie which was there having intelligence that the Cavaliers in Tordesillas had a design to surprise it Order was given to rais him two thousand Foot well armed with two hundred Lances in Valladolid and two pieces of Ordnance for two purposes the one to demolâ—sh Torrelobaton which hee did afterwards the other to give the Lord High Constable battle before hee could join his forces with the rest For those from Valladolid with the two thousand which hee had in Torrelobaton and those which hee exspected hourly from Salamanca Toro and Zamora who were six thousand Foot and two hundred lances besides two thousand five hundred from Palencia fifteen hundred from DuenÌ„as four hundred from Palacios and others from the Beherrias and Merindades would make him an Armie of fourteen thousand But those of Valladolid were so long before they could bee in fit equipage to march and the other Tovvns and Cities not sending in their supplies time enough Iohn de Padilla could not execute his design against the Lord high Constable vvho as you have heard took Vezerril and marched into Rioseco vvith four thousand Foot six hundred lances three or four pieces of Artillerie c. So that through the vveakness and vvant of care of the Commoners Captains hee soon after set a period to that so miserably contentious and destructive War The Cavaliers on the one partie and the Cities for the Commonaltie on the other raised all the force they could possibly for this expedition The Citie of Palencia sent six hundred men and tvvo pieces of Ordnance DuenÌ„as four hundred men and tvvo pieces of Ordnance Baltanas de Cerrato two hundred Those of Segovia Avila and Leon came not Salamanca made good the number before mentioned All these were without any discipline or experience in Martial affairs and amongst their Officers there was such emulations every one standing so upon their punctillio's of honor each Captain would bee chief scorning to receiv orders from any other In a word they were ill bred people possessed with no less ignorance then unadvisedness The Merchants and other Citizens of Valladolid seeing the â—â—siness brought to the push and the people resolved to decide â—â—eir difference with the sword fearing or doubting the event caâ—â—ied all their goods and Merchandises into Monasteries having shut up all their ware-houses and shops and laid all other trading aside onely for matter of arms every one providing himself the best hee could The poorer sort of people beeing ready to starv made lamentable complaints in the streets crying out to God for mercie and to releas them out of those calamities though it were with the loss of their lives They feared the power of the Cavaliers who had an Armie of two thousand Lances and seven thousand Foot of the choicest men in the Kingdom all well armed and in good order with stout and experienced Officers under the Command of the Earl of Haro who with great Vigilancie answerable to his Courage executed the place of Captain General SECT XVII THe Lord High Constable marched out of Rioseco towards Tordesillas the 19th of April 1521 to join with the rest of the Cavaliers where hee was exceedingly desired Beeing com to PenÌ„aflor near Torrelobaton hee there took up quarters for his forces wence hee went to Tordesillas where hee was received with extraordinarie expressions of joie Iohn de Padilla was yet in Torrelobaton with eight thousand Foot five hundred Lances and the Artilleâ—ie of Medina del Campo exspecting more supplies from the other Cities which by their ill management and slackness were not com to him And
they having intelligence thereof soon railed their siege and returned to Toledo for fear of beeing put to the worst Some daies after Don Alonso de Caravajal brother to Don Diego beeing quartred with some light-hors-men at Maxcareque four leagues from Toledo six hundred Foot and fiftie Hors sallied out of the Citie and taking by-waies that they might not bee discovered by the Enemie's Centinels by break of day they fell upon the Village surprised Don Alonso and his men and carried them all prisoners to Toledo before any of their partie could com to rescue them They did several other such exploits and on the other side the Prior did them what mischief hee could The Governors were much troubled hereat but could not pass with their Armie to Toledo until they had quieted all the old Castilla But that which put them to the greatest plunge was the news of the King of France his Armie advancing into the Kingdom of Navarra It was told them that Padilla's wife with all her kindred in Toledo mainteined and fomented chiefly this humor in the Inhabitants therefore they resolved to send thither and use som means to get her out of the Citie believing that if shee were gon thence the rest might bee more easily reduced To this effect they sent a Captain with a few men disguised who offered himself to go to Toledo and carrie her out of the Citie by fair means or by foul Being arrived at Toledo hee went directly to the Fort where DonÌ„a Maria was desiring to speak with her But the people having some intelligence of his designe presently made an Alarme and came in great multitudes to the Castle where finding the Captain in discours with DonÌ„a Maria they straight laid hands on him and flung him out at the window which beeing high hee broke himself all to peeces with the fall after this they cut the throats of all those that came with him insomuch that the Citie was in greater disorder by this means then before In the moneth of September 1521. the French beeing beaten out of Navarra the Governors were in the minde to march with all their forces into the Kingdom of Toledo and subdue that Citie but they were again diverted by a second intelligence which was brought them that the King of France was come to Bayona vvith a very povverful Armie And Don Antonio de ZunÌ„iga vvho had begun that enterprise beeing desirous to bring his design to perfection drevv all his forces out of their Garrisons and pitcht his Camp before the Citie on the one side the River and Don Iohn de Ribera had his men quartred neer the Citie on the other Don Antonio had with him eight hundred lances which scoured all the Countrie about and had daily smart skermishes with the Toledians vvherein divers fell on both sides In this expedition vvas Don Pedro de Guzman third Son as you have heard to the Duke of Medina Sidonia vvho beeing yong and full of mettle and ambitious to shevv his valor engaged himself too far amongst the enemies by vvhom hee vvas taken close by the Castle of San Sernan so desperately vvounded that the Toledians vvere enforâ—'t to carrie him off the field upon a board hee not beeing able to go any other vvaies DonÌ„a Maria Pacheco beeing at a vvindovv in the Fort obsâ—rved vvith great attention all the passages of the fight and distinguishing Don â—edâ—o from the rest shee vvas much taken vvith him seeing â—im bâ—have himself so gallantly And beeing brought to the Fort shee vvent out to receiv him partly out of respect to Pedro's noble birth but chiefly out of a private inclination vvhich proceeded from the esteem shee made of his valor and animositie Shee treated him vvith much civility and demonstrations of affection commeâ—ding highly his provvess vvhereof her eies vvere vvitnesses and told him that his generositie vvas vvorthie of an eternal mâ—morie onely this was wanting him that his Valor was not emploied in the King's service and in favor of the Citie of Toledo for the Commonalties pretended in all the Cities That whatsoever they did was in order to his Majesties service DonÌ„a Maria would suffer none of Pedro's retinue to staie with him or any bodie els to visit him neither would shee permit him to write to Antonio's Camp But treating him with very great care and complements shee spared nothing that was necessarie for his recoverie his wounds beeing throughly cured shee endeavored to win him to their side promising that if hee would renounce the other partie they would make him General of the forces of Toledo But finding her time lost in persuading him shee resolved to get him exchanged for other prisoners which Don Antonio had taken of the Toledians which was done for the better effecting whereof those of Toledo gave Don Pedro his Parolle for eight daies to go to his Uncle's Armie having made him swear first that hee would return again in case hee procured not the libertie of those whom they demanded Amongst other exceptions which they made him renounce in the Oath they administred to him one was Thâ—t hee should not allege that those of Toledo were Traitors and therefore hee was not obliged to make good his Word or Oath to them which was fulfilled accordingly The Citie was very well provided for a long time and they had broken down all the Mills for twelv leagâ—es compass that Antonio's men might have no means â—o grinde their corn They took all the Plate of Silver and Gold out of the Cathedral Church which beeing coined did much enrich them and made them so stout that they said They would never consent to Peace unless there were first a pardon general granted for the whole Kingdom of Spain and that Don Pedro Lasso de la Vega were delivered into their hands for they said hee was the principal caus of all those Troubles and the onely man that put them upon that insurrection SECT XXIV THe Marquis of Villena beeing entred into Toledo by consent of the Citie began to bring them to a right understanding whereupon hee wrote to the Governors that they might follow their business in Navarra as for the Toledians hee would undertake to reduce them to their due obedience The Governors glad to bee eased of an affair of such care and trouble emploied all their industrie and force to resist the incursions of the French as shal bee said hereafter Hernando de Avalos and som othâ—r of the Inhabitants would gladly have received a pardon from the Marquis of Villena's hands therefore beeing sent to by them hee came accompanied with the Earl of Oropesa and som Hors and Foot but nothing could bee effected for the contrarie Partie mutinied in such a tumultuous manner that the Marquis was forced to go out of the Citie after hee had spent som daies time to procure a Peace The same effect had the endeavors of Don Diego de Cardenas Adelantado of Granada Duke of Maqueda who with the same
the King and Commonaltie live and evil Counsel perish The two hundred Lanciers disorderly flight to Medina alarmed the Cavaliers who having put their Armie in good order marched into the field with intent to rout the Bishop with his five thousand men but hee valued them not though they were numerous and men of eminent qualities for hee knew Don Pedro Giron was so neer with the Rere-guard and so Vigilant that hee would bee readie to back and assist him if occasion should require it Thus the two Armies faced one another each watching an opportunitie to get the advantage of their enemies and so they remained both drawn up in Batalia one whole daie after which the Cavaliers retreated to Tordehumos and the Iunta's Armie to Villabraxima both neer Rioseco The four hundred Priests which had left their Altars in Imitation of the Bishop of Zamora to sacrifice their bloods in this Holie enterprise remained at Tordesillas for the guard of the Town and of the Iunta who out of respect to their Sacerdotal Dignities would not permit them to march amongst the rabble of the Common Souldiers Besides these Priests remained two other Companies of Foot at Tordesillas and some hors commanded by Hernando de Porras Commissioner of Zamora Gomez de Avila and others Three whole daies Don Pedro Giron kept his Armie in order offering to give the Cavaliers Battle but they would not and indeed it had been madness for them to ingage beeing far inferior in num ber and not so well armed although they were better men and of higher courages then the Common People yet they thought it their securest waie to exspect the Earl of Haro's coming their Captain-General who was reported to bee upon his march thither and besides they were in hopes tâ— obtain the Victorie by some other means without any loss of blood the Lord Admiral having some overtures thereof by private intelligence and dealing with Don Pedro Giron and som other Gentlemen who sided with the CoÌ„moners whom if hee could handsomly have taken off it would have been no hard matter to have routed the Vulgar Pack of Tailors Shoomakers Skinners Curriers such like whereof the rest of their Armiâ— was compos'd But the CoÌ„moners perceiving themselvs much the stronger Partie infested the Cavaliers with such skirmishes and hot alarms both night daie that they could take no rest all the while they staied at Tordehumos And hearing that the Earl of Haro was exspected with more forces they determined to force them to fight before his arrival or at least to gain the reputation of proffering them Battle To this effect having mâ—de a general muster they marched with all their Artillerie in very good order towards Rioseco Sanabria Commissioner of Valladolid rid before with 30 Light Hors to discover the field Don Pedro Lasso de la Vega led the Vantguard of Cuirassiers Don Peâ—ro Maldonado and Francisco Maldonado commanded the Light Horsmen The Bishop of Zamora was Captain of the Vantguard of Foot with him marched Don Iohn de Mendoça Captain of Valladolid son to the Cardinal Don Pedro Goncalez de Mendoça Don Gonzalo de Guzman Captain of Leon Don Hernando de Ulloa Captain of Toro and others In the bodie marched Don Pedro Giron called Duke of Medina Sidonia with him divers other Captains and Don Iohn de Figueroa brother to the Duke of Arcos who came that same daie to the Armie from Sevilla besides other Commanders The Rear-guard and the Artillerie was committed to the charge of other officers Beeing arrived within Culverine-shot of the Town they made an Halt commanding their Heralds in mean time to approach so near unto the walls that they might bee heard and declare unto the Admiral and Earl of Venavente with the other Grandees and Gentlemen in Medina that the Armie of their Sovereign Ladie the Queen was com thither to execute upon them by her command those penalties which they had incurred by governing the Kingdom without her ordeâ— or consent and for raising and arming men in contempt and to the disservice of her Majestie and therefore they did offer them Battle and did exspect their coming into the field Having sent this message to the Town they remained in the same order almost until Sun-set But the Cavaliers although they were in Arms made no shew at all of Battel or skirmish but persevering in their former resolution let them stand cooling their heels there At last Don Pedro Giron having commanded som of his Cannon to bee discharged against the Town but the bullets never reach't the Walls returned with his Armie into his Quarters losing and neglecting that occasion which proved very prejudicial to his Partie Hee was no sooner gone but the Earl of Haro arrived with his men who had marched as fast as possibly they could thinking to have com time enough to meet Don Pedro for the Earl had intelligence of his defying the Cavaliers in Medina though hee had no great stomach to fight with them All the Nobles and Gentlemen with their Souldiers marched forth to receiv their Captain General with great solemnitie and Militarie order Hee brought with him three hundred Hors-men in compleat Armor four hundred Light-hors-men and two thousand five hundred Foot all choice men and twelv or thirteen field-pieces The same night came likewise to Rioseco Don Francisco de ZunÌ„iga y Avellaneda Earl of Miranda Don Veltran de la Cueva eldest son to the Duke of Alburquerque Don Luys de la Cueva his brother Don Bernardo de Sandoval y Royas Marquis of Denia with his son Don Luys de Sandoval and Don Francisco de QuinÌ„ones Earl of Luna with all the servants tenants and souldiers they could get This supplie encreased the Cavaliers to above one and twentie hundred hors and six thousand foot souldiers besides a good companie of servants Insomuch that hereby they held themselvs stronger then their enemies not that they exceeded them in number but in virtue and courage besides the Caus which they mainteined was more just and warrantable which add's much confidence and boldness to the hearts of men and make's their souls insusceptible of any Panick fears SECT IV. THose of the Iunta seeing fresh forces com daily in to the Cavaliers endeavored to prepossess themselvs of all the Towns and places of strength and sent besides to all those of their league to rais and have in a readiness what men possibly they could notwithstanding they were already much stronger then the other partie Hereupon in Valladolid by order from the Iunta was publickly proclaimed that all the Townsmen from eighteen to threescore years of age should bee trained and bee readie with their Arms to march into the field upon notice from the Captain General of the Armie The President and other Judges of the Chancerie in Valladolid who were Persons of great respect and esteem in the Citie having never before meddled with either side seeing the great disorder amongst the people and fearing further confusion
Aragoneses before they would acknowledg Charls their King Quarrel be-the Castillians and Aragoneses about the receiving Charls as King Anno 1519 The Empeâ—or Maximilian's deaâ—h in Germanie His conditions The King of Fâ—ance'â— ambition to the Imperial Crowâ— Seven Elâ—câ—oâ—s oâ— the Empire Câ—aâ—ls the Fâ—â—â—t elected Emperor Hâ—ughtiâ— hâ—militie of the Eaâ—l Vâ—nâ—vâ—nâ—â— in 〈◊〉 to bee mâ—de Knight of the gâ—lden Fleâ—ce The Catalanes make difficultâ—e of acknowledging Charls King Those of Valencia reâ—use to aâ—knowledg him Their proud answer Troubles in Germanie The Martial Don Pedro refuseth the Oath of Alâ—gâ—ance Iohn de Padilla was afterwards their General a mâ—n of noble extraction and a high Spirit Diâ—â—atâ—s in those oâ— Vaâ—ladolid Tolâ—do write's to Valladâ—lid Vallâ—dolid's answer to Toledo Iohn de Padilla Don Pedro Lasso and Hernâ—ndo de Avalos principal Actors for the Commons in Toledo Corregidor is as our Majors are in England Dissentions in â—he Aâ—â—emblie at Toledo Here the Autor mislook his â—carms speaking like a flattering Friâ—r Râ—gidores and Iuâ—ados are in â—he nature of our Aldermen and Common-Council men Parlament call'd in Galicia Tâ—e Autor ought rather to have said Promoters of â—he People's good Vâ—lladolid's answer to the Commissioners of Toledo Bold speech of Don Pedro Giron to the Emperor Tumults in Vâ—lladolid The People stop the Emperor at the gates of the Citie The Emperor displeased with the Toledians The Commissioners of Salamanca refuse the Oath in open Parlament Dissentings in the Parlament The Galicianâ— distasted Emulations in the Court. The Toledians protest against the Parlament at Santjago Rather the chief instrument of the Common good The Autor undervalue's Iohn de Padilla out of passion for contrary to his discription hee was a man of Singular wit learning and mature judgment and his Wife was a Ladie Nobly descended and the most Masculine Heroick Spirit that ever Spain bred This Plot the Fryer writ upon report Neither were these men such base fellows as hee make's them but persons of quality Tumults in Toledo Their grounds were good and had suâ—â—ceeded better if they had not bin betrayed by som of the Nobility Extraction of Don Pedro Lâ—ssâ— Cardinal Adriano made Governor during his Mâ—jestie's absence His Council The Emperor imbark's for Flanders Hee arrive's in England Cardinal Wolcey receive's him at his landing His reception by the King and Queen at Canterburie Tumults in Segovia Antâ—nio de Tordesillas Râ—gidor and Commissioner of Sâ—govia hanged by the People Commotions in the Citie of Zamora Earthquake in Burgos The Common people of the Câ—tie rise up in Arms. Their design upon Don Diego de Osorio's hous Upâ—oars in Madrid In Siguenca Guadalaxara Salamanca Muâ—cia The people of Guadâ—laxara rise up agâ—inst their Commissionerâ— Toledo and Madrid Succor Segovia Iohn de Padillae made Capâ—ain of the Toledians Iohn Bravo Captain of the Segovian forces Ronquillo refuseth to ingage in battle Antonio de Fonseca commanded by the Cardinal to assist Ronquillo Segovia write's to those of Medina del Campo not to deliver their Artillerie to Fonseca Antonio de Fonseca advanceth with his forces to Medina to demand the Artillerie They refuse to deliver the Artilerie Fonseca storn the Town Is repulsed The unfortunate burning of Medina del Campo by Fonseca's men Bobadilla Captain of the people in Mâ—dina Medina complain's to Valladolid of their misfâ—rtuneâ— Valladolid's answer to the Emperor's Letter Tumulâ—s in Vâ—llaâ—olid for the burning oâ— Mâ—dâ—na The Câ—rdinall disclaime's Fonsecâ—'s burning of Medinâ— and Command's him to disband his men Commotions in Caceres and Iaen quieted by the discretion of Don Rodrigo Mexia Factions in uâ—eda and Bâ—â—za Cuenca risetâ— for the Commonaltiee The Autor bâ—ing a Frier sheweâ— himself more a Flattâ—rer then the Priest a Fool for the one praied simply the other writ colloguingly taking all advantage tâ— advance his Interest iâ— Court Toro and Ciudad Roderigo declare for the Commonaltie Factions in â—he Citie of Leon. A â—rophâ—sâ—e Toledo invite's all the other Cities to send their Commissioners tâ— the Assemblie at Avila Leguizama the Judg by order from the Council goeth to punish the disorders in Murcia The people rescue the offendor and muâ—inie against Leguizâ—ma The Marquess of Velez's answer to Leguizama Leguizamâ— forced to leav the Citie Hee flie's to Mula The people rise there also and rais the Countrie against him Don Iohn de Figueroâ— declarâ—th for the Commonaltiâ— in the Citie of Sevillâ— The Quâ—trosâ—te â—te Four and twentie chiefmen chosen by the Citie for the managing of affairs Don Iohn taken prisoner and the Citie quieted Salamanâ—â— up in Armâ— Don Pedro Maldonâ—do Captain in Salamancâ— Here the Autor flatter's The Junta began in Avilae Iuliâ— 29. 1610. Where they sâ—ayed not â—â—ng before they went to Tâ—â—dâ—sillas A wiser man then the Author or els probablie bee never had raisâ—d himself from nothing to so great prefeâ—ment Hâ—re the Aâ—thor would disgrace and undervalue if hee could the bravest wiâ—t that ever Spain bred the hoâ—or of his Countrie whose inâ—entions were oâ—ely for the Common-wealth's good and had hee not been betrayed by some Nâ—â—le-men of his Partie hâ—e â—ad made it 〈◊〉 most glâ—ioâ—s Common-Wealâ—h in the World Hee is much lamented by manie persons of qualitie in Spain yet 〈◊〉 this dâ—ie Alguazil is an officer of justice in Spain Regimiâ—nto or Casa del Regimiento is â—he hous where the inhibâ—tants â—n everiâ— Citie dâ—â—ssemble about things concerning their Poliâ—ical Government Padilla's speech to the Queen at Tordesellas Here the Autor jeer's his own Coat The Iunta or General Assemblie sâ—ttled at Tordesillas The Iâ—nta send'â— to Valladolâ—d to dâ—ssolâ— the Kâ—â—g'â— Councâ—â— Vallâ—dolid's Answer A nameâ— Junta summoâ—'s â—hose of the King'â— Counâ—il to appâ—aâ— beâ—ore them at Tordesillas Their answer The Emperor senâ—â—'s Commissions to the Lord high Constable and Lord Admiral of Castilla making them Joint-Governors of Spaiâ— with the Cardinal Som of the Council escape out of Valladâ—â—lid in disguise The Iunta's request to the Queen John de Padilla apprehendeth some of the Coâ—ncil and caâ—â—iâ—th them prisoneâ—s â—o Tordesillas How uncharitable the Autor is to his brethren Friers The Cardinal indeavouring to go out of Valladolid is stopped by the people Don Pedro Giron's speech to the Cardinal persuading him to return to his Palace Note that this mesâ—age Was sent at the firâ—t assembling of the Iunta in Avila Prodigious signs in Vâ—lencia The Confedâ—rates of Valeâ—cia Sindico's were officers whâ—ch they had mâ—de amongst themâ—selvs Other Prodiâ—ious signs in Vâ—lencia El Encubiertâ— The notable imposture of Iuan de Vilvao Iuan de Vilvao or the disguised Prince executed by the Maâ—quis of Câ—nete in Vâ—lâ—ncia Librancas are assignments of monie Pâ—ertos secoâ— are Customs paid at the going in or cut of everie several Kingdom in Spain by Land Maestrazgos are the places of the Masters of the orders of Knighthood in Spain Writs of error Who was an exempted peâ—son and reserved by the Emperor to bee punished Commotions 〈◊〉 Palencia Alcala de Henares
Burgos riseth up in Arms against the Lord High Constable The Engagement of those of Valladolid The Infantâ— of Granada having been put out of his Office with fourteen other Officers of the Citie by the people of Valladolid who accused them of keeping correspondencie with the Enemie Their Capâ—aâ—ns were good enouâ—h if â—hey had not hâ—d som â—â—eacheâ—rous great ones amongst them Here the Autor conâ—â—â—leth in a manner the justnes of the Caus and sâ—emeth himself to justifie it Here Don Pedro and other Gentlemen begin to plaie the Traitors The President of Valladolid's Speech to the Bishop of Zâ—mora A gallant and resolute answer of the Bishop of Zamorâ— to the Lord President An heroick and generous Spirit in the Bishop of Zamâ—ra beeing a man indefatigable Don Pedro and the Bishop of Zamora's messâ—ge to the Cavaliers The Earl spoke with much cunning dissimulation purposely to plâ—as and blind the Bishop that hâ—e might not suspect wâ—at they had in private concluded with Don Pedro Giron by which conference it appear's plainly that they wâ—re betraied solâ— as Antâ—nio de Gueâ—ara declareth at large in his Epistles No hâ—ng but the private treacherie of Don Pedro Giron could have deluded the Bishop and destroied â—heir Aâ—mie Tâ—râ—â—sillas tâ—ken by the Earl of Haro Captain General of the Cavalier forces Som of the Commissioners of the Iunta make their escapes Som are taken and again released Don Pedro de Giron's and the Bishop of Zamora's Letter to Valladolid Valladolid's answer to Don Pedro. The Lord Admirals Letter to those of the Iunta at Valladolid Their Vote concerning the Letter Couâ—agious explâ—it of the Biâ—hop oâ— Zâ—mora Oâ—her exploit of the Bishop of Zamora'â— The Governor of Valdâ—perâ—â—aken â—aken and the place plundred by the Bishop'â— mâ—n Here the Autor gâ—veâ—h Kings a lâ—sson â—dmonishing tâ—em not to oppres their Subjâ—cts Mormojon taken by Iohn de Padilla Empudia taken by Iohn de Padillâ— and the Bishop The Bisâ— speech to hiâ— mâ—n in the Assault The Lord High Constablâ—'â— plot discovered Mutinie in the Citie of Burgos The Common people submit to the Lord High Constable The Fort is surrendered to him Troubles in the Countrie of Biscaya First ground of Salvaâ—â—erra's diâ—â—aâ—ie against his Majestie Diego Martinez de Alâ—va and his allies apprehend imprison the Judg whom the Iunta sent to Vitoria Thâ— Earl of Sâ—lvatierra faceth Vitoria with his Armie Dâ—n Pedro Xuarez de Velasco routeth those of the Merindades The Earl of Salvatierra by order from the Iunta intercept's the Artillerie which waâ— going to the Lord High Constable and causeth it to bee broken in pieces The Earl of Salvâ—tiâ—rra's Armie enter's into Vitoria Disâ—osition of Don Pedro de Ayalae Earl of Salvaâ—ierrâ— His Letter to the Iunta an â—he Citie oâ— Valladolid The Eâ—rl of Salvaâ—ierrâ— put to flight His Captain Gâ—nsalo Vaâ—ahona taken prisoner by those of Vitoâ—ia and beâ—â—aâ—ed in the maâ—ket place of thâ—ir Citie Here Don Pedro Lasso begin's to treat privately with the Council by means of Alonso Ortiz who was a Iurate of Toledo and his fellow Commissioner in the Parlament at Santjago A brave resolution of Valladolid The Lord Admiral 's Letter to those of Valladolid The Iunta's and Valladolid's answer to the Lord Admiral Note that seldom hath there been any Treaâ—herie committed but a Frier or som Clergie man had a hand in it Pâ—dilla's speech to the Commoâ— peoplâ— in Valladoâ—id Here the Auâ—or though â— Frier expresseth moreâ— splâ—en and passion â—hen Christian charitie to his brâ—threâ— Here the Autor â—xtend's himself as far in flatterie as in other places in passionate railing Iâ—hn de Paâ—â—lla besiegeth Torrelâ—bation John de Padilla take'â— Torrelobaâ—oâ— and the Tower Wholsom counsel of the Frier Alonso Ortiz obtain's a Truce fâ—om those of the Juntâ— with the Cavaliers By order from the Junta the Truce is proclaimed in John de Padilla's Armie The Câ—andee's exceptions against the Truce Thoâ—e of Valladolid discontenâ—ed against the Comâ—anders of their Armie for yielding to a Truce The Truce brokâ—n off again Here the Frier mâ—keth a digression falling into his usual manner of flatterie John de Padilla was not so incapable as the Frier makeâ— him thâ—ugh over-seen in this oâ—casion Here Don Pedro Giron discover's himself to bee a Traitor on both sides Another notorious Traitor to the Commons Here the Frier flattereth again the familie of the Girons The Relation of the first Autor who in probabilitie was Gueuara is â—he â—ather to be believed Two months hee staid there A Priest dissuade's Iohn de Padilla from encountering the Cavaliers His Answer A private plot of Don Pedro Maldonadâ—'s with the Earl of Venavente to betraie the Artillerie Notable courage of Ioâ—n de Padilla Iohn de Padilla taken prisoner Don Pedro Mâ—ldonado was sâ—ved for beâ—raying the Arâ—â—â—â—erie Resolute Answer of Jâ—hn Braâ—o Christian admonishment of John de Padilla Here these three noble Gentelmen died as gallantly as they had lived beeing Patriots of their Countrie whose memories deserv an everlasting same The manner of the Cavaliers entering into Valladolid The Freâ—ch advance into Navarra The Fâ—encâ— Armie repulsed The Freâ—ch enter into Biscaya by Bâ—yona Dâ—n Pâ—dâ—o de Guzman soâ—ely wounded and takâ—n prisoner â—y the Tolâ—dians Dâ—nia Maria Pacheco's escape out of Toledo Som saiâ— shâ—e died in Portugal They should rather have erected a Statue in memorie that he died a Martyr for his Countrie The manner of the Bishop of Zamora's beeing tâ—â—ken prisoner They died gallantly as Martyrs for their Countrie The Bâ—shop of Zamorâ—'â— death His Majestie had great reason to gâ—â—â—â— for the loâ—s of the gâ—â—â—test Prelaâ—e thâ—t ever Spain bâ—â—d bâ—eing so aged and so resoluâ—e to the lâ—st for the good of his Countrie Thus died this brave Earl whom if the other Nobâ—es had seconded they had made Spaiâ— the most glorious Reâ—ublicâ— of tâ—e woâ—ld Notaâ—â—â— pieâ—ie of Doâ— Atâ—anasio dâ— Ayala to his fâ—â—ther the Earl of Salvatierra being ready to starv in prison The French make it cursions into Navaâ—ra The French are forcâ—d to rais their siege before Logâ—onio Thâ—ir Armie routed in the Pyrenean mountains and Navarra also reduced by the Governors of Castilla The Emperor and the Pope combine against the French King Their forces take the Citie of Paâ—ma Milan Pavia The French advance into Flanders and are repulsed The French take Fuente Ravia Henrie 8. of England assists the Emperor against the French The Venetians assist the Emperor in Lombardie Francis the first of France taken prisoner at Pavia Francis the Fâ—rst exchang'd for his two sons The Kings of England and France sent Letters of Defiance to the Emperor Peâ—ce made between â—he Emperor and King of France by the Archdutchess of Austria and the Dutchess of Angulâ—mâ— His two sons ransomed for 2000â— of Crowns of Gold The Emperor's sister Lâ—onora married to the French King A plot betwâ—xt Hen. 8 and Fâ—an King of Fâ—ance against the Emperor