is to take charge of all the King's Revenue kept in the Exchequer as also to check all Officers imploi'd in collecting the same and such like This Office is frequently executed by several Persons conjunctly in Commission term'd Lords of the Treasury as at present 4. The Lord President of the Council whose Office is to attend upon the King and Summons the Council to propose business at Council-Table and Report the several Transactions of the Board 5. The Lord Privy-Seal whose Office is to pass all Charters and Grants of the King and Pardons sign'd by the King before they come to the Great Seal of England as also divers other Matters of smaller moment which do not pass the Great Seal But this Seal is never to be affixt to any Grant without good warrant under the King's Privy-Signet nor even with such Warrant if the thing granted be against Law or Custom until the King be first acquinted therewith 6. The Lord Great Chamberlain of England whose Office is to bring the King's Shirt Coif and Wearing Cloaths on the Coronation-day to put on the King's Apparel that Morning to carry at the Coronation the Coif Gloves and Linnen which are to be us'd by the King on that Occasion likeways the Sword and Scabard as also the Gold to be offer'd by the King together with the Robe Royal and Crown to Undress and Attire the King with his Royal Robes to serve the King that Day with Water for to wash his Hands before and after Dinner 7. The Lord High Constable of England an Officer whose Power is so great that 't was thought inconvenient to lodge the same in any Subject since the Year 1521. and is now conferr'd on some of the chiefest Peers pro re nata as upon occasion of Coronations or Solemn Tryals by Combat 8. The Earl Marshal of England whose Office is to take cognizance of all Matters of War and Arms to determine Contracts concerning Deeds of Arms out of the Realm upon Land and Matters touching Wars within the Realm which the Common Law cannot determine 9. The Lord High admiral of England whose Trust and Honour is so great that this Office hath been usually given either to some of the King 's younger Sons near Kinsmen or one of the chiefest Peers of the Realm To him is committed the Management of all Maritime Affairs the Government of the King's Navy a decisive Power in all Causes Maritime as well Civil as Criminal He also Commissionates Vice-Admirals Reer-Admirals Sea-Captains c. and enjoys a number of Priviledges too many here to be mention'd This Office is commonly executed by several Persons conjunctly in Commission term'd Lords of the Admiralty as at present After the Officers of the Crown we might here subjoin the various Courts of Judicatory establisht in this Kingdom especially the High Court of Parliament which is Supreme to all others and to whom all last Appeals are made I might here likeways mention all the Subordinate Courts of this Realm particularly that of the King's-Bâ—nch the Court of Common Pleas the High Court of Chancery the Exchequer and the Court of the Dutchy of Lancaster c. as also the Ecclesiastical Courts in Subordination to the Archbishop of Canterbury as the Court of Arches the Court of Audience the Prerogative Court the Court of Faculties and that of Peculiars But to declare the Nature and Constitution the ample Privileges and manner of Procedure in each of them would far exceed the narrow Bounds of an Abstract I shall not therefore descend to particulars only adding to this Paragraph that besides these various Courts above-mention'd the King consulting the ease and welfare of the Subject Administers Justice by his Itinerate Judges and that in their yearly Circuits through the Kingdom and for the better governing of and keeping the King's Peace in particular Counties Hundreds Cities Burroughs and Villiages of this Realm Counties have their respective Lord Lieutenants Sheriffs and Justices of the Peace Hundreds their Bailiffs High-Constables and Petty-Constables Cities their Mayor Aldermen Sheriffs c. Burroughs and Towns incorporate have either a Mayor or two Bailiffs or a Portrive who in Power are the same with Mayor and Sheriffs and during their Offices are Justices of the Peace within their own Liberties And lastly Villiages are in Subjection to the Lord of the Mannor under whom is the Constable or Headborough to keep the Peace apprehend Offenders and bring them before the Justice Of such an admirable Constitution is the English Government that no Nation whatsoever can justly pretend to such a Model and no People in the World may live more happy if they please so that it may be justly affirm'd of them what the Poet saith in another Case only with change of Persons O fortunatos nimium sua si bona norint Anglicanos The Ensigns Imperial of the Monarch of Great Britain are in the first place Azure Three Flower-de-Luces Or the Royal Arms of France quartered with the Imperial Ensings of England which are Gules Three Lyons passant Gardant in Pale Or. In the second place within a double tressure Counter flowr'd de lys Or a Lyon Rampant Gules for the Royal Arms of Scotland In the third place Azure and Irish Harp Or string'd Argent for the Royal Ensigns of Ireland In the fourth place as in the first These Ensigns Armoral are quartered after a new manner since the late Revolution the English Arms being put before the French and the whole charg'd with an Escutcheon of the House of Nassau which is Azure Semi-billets a Lyon Rampant Or Languid and Armed Gules all within the Garter the chief Ensign of that most Noble Order above the same an Helmet answerable to King William's Sovereign Jurisdiction upon the same a rich Mantle of Cloath of Gold doubled Ermin adorn'd with an Imperial Crown and surmounted for a Crest by a Lyon passant Gardent Or Crowned as the former and an Unicorn Argent Gorged with a Crown thereto a Chain affixt passing between his Forelegs and reflex'd over his Back Or both standing upon a Compartment plac'd underneath and in the Table of that Compartment is express'd the King of England's Motto which is Dieu mon Droit but of late Jâ— Maintiendray The Inhabitants of this Country are for the most part of the true Reform'd Religion publickly profess'd and carefully taught in its choicest Purity In Reforming of which they were not so hurri'd by popular Fury and Faction as in other Nations but proceeded in a more Prudent Regular and Christian Method resolving to separate no farther from the Church of Rome than she had separated from the Truth embracing that excellent Advice of the Prophet Jer. 6. 16. Stand ye in the ways and see and ask for the old paths where is the good way and walk therein So that the Reform'd Church of England is a true Mean or middle Way betwixt those two Extreams of Supperstition and Phanaticism both equally to be avoided The Doctrine of
whose Top are four Apples of solid pure Gold which all together weigh seven hundred Pounds weight and in another Court of the said Palace is a prodigious high Tower so contriv'd that the Emperor can mount up to the Top of it on Horse-back 5. In the City of Fez is that famous Mosque call'd Caruven which is said to be almost half a Mile in Circuit and furnisht with thirty Gates of a prodigious bigness It hath above three hundred Cisterns to wash in before they go to Prayers and in it are upwards of nine hundred Lamps which are commonly lighted and burn every Night 6 Over a certain River call'd Sabu as it runs between two Hills term'd Beni-jasga and Silego is a remarkable Bridge or rather a ready way of passing from one side of the River to the other and that by the help of two large Stakes fixt fast in the Ground on either side one between which are extended two strong Ropes and to one of them is ty'd a kind of a big Basket able to contain ten Men into which the Passengers being entred and pulling one of the Ropes which runs by a Pulley they waft themselves over much sooner than we Europeans can pass either by Bridge or Boat Vid. Dapper 's late Description of Africa Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Barbarians thus Characteriz'd of old by Herodian Mauri inquâ—t ills Genus sunt hominum suapte naturâ coedit avidissimum nihilque non facile audens despèratis sinâ—les contemptu scilices mortis periculorum are now a People that 's generally very Inconstant Crafty and Unfaithful Active of Body Impatient of Labour and Covetous of Honour Some of 'em â—re Studious in Matters of their Law and others are enclin'd to the Liberal Sciences especially Philosophy and the Mathematicks The Inhabitants of Sallee Tripoli and Algiers are mightily given to Pyracy and many of the Moroccos are much addicted to Merchandizing Dispers'd through all these Countries are the Arabs who especially in Barca exercise their common Trade of robbing and molesting Travellers on the Highway In most of the Sea-Port Towns and over all the Countries bordering on the Sea the prevailing Language is Arabesque or corrupt Arabick In the City of Morocco and several other Places they still retain their Ancient Language or rather a corrupt Dialect of the old African The trading People especially in their Dealing with Strangers do use a certain Jargon compounded chiefly of Spanish and Portugueze not unlike to the Lingua Franca among the Turks This large Country comprehending several Kingdoms and Provinces is chiefly under the Great Turk and Emperor of Morocco To the latter belong the Kingdoms of Morocco and Fez and to him are ascrib'd or rather he assumeth the following Titles viz. Emperor of Africa King of Morocco Fez Sus and Taffalet Lord of Gago Dara and Guinea and Great Xeriff of Mahomet The other Kingdoms or Provinces of this Country are mostly subject to the Great Turk and are govern'd by his particular Bassa's set over 'em only Tunis and Algiers two considerable Commonwealths or rather distinct Kingdoms though each of 'em hath their respective Bassa appointed by the Grand Signior yet they 're so eager in maintaining their Liberties and Priviledges that those Bassa's are little more than meer Cyphers For in the former of these the Inhabitants have a Power of chusing their own Governor or Captain term'd the Dey who Rules the Kingdom Constitutes Cadi's and passeth Sentence in all Affairs whether Civil or Criminal The Divan of Tunis is compos'd of one Aga one Chaya twelve Odabachi twenty four Bouloubachi two Secretaries and four Chiaoux who judge in all Matters after they have heard the Sentiment of the Dey who may accept or reject their Advice as he thinks fit As for Aegiers The Government thereof is lodg'd in the Hands of the Army particularly the Officers of the Janizaries of whom the Council of State is compos'd and of it the Aga of the Janizaries is President It 's true the Grand Signior keeps always in this Place a Bassa with the Title of Vice-Roy but he 's at best but a meer Shadow for he may not so much as enter the great Divan unless invited by the whole Council and when admitted he hath but one single Voice and can only advise in Matters Besides these two Potent Republicks of this Country there 's another viz. That of Tripolt but it is intirely subject to the Grand Signior who governs the same by a particular Bassa sent from the Ottoman Court and renew'd every third Year He is honour'd with the Standart of Tunis and the Title of Beglerbeg The chief Independent Potentate in these Countries being the Emperor of Fez and Morocco he bears for Arms Three Wheels Argent As for the rest of Barbary Vid Turky in Europe page 182. The establisht Religion of this Country is Mahometanism but the Inhabitants of Morocco differ from other Mahometans in several considerable Points particularly those maintain'd by the Followers of Hamet the first of the present Race of the Morocco Emperors who was at first a kind of Monk and quitting his Retirement A. C. 1514. began publickly to Preach to the People that the Doctrine of Hali and Omar and other Interpreters of the Law was only Humane Traditions besides several other things of that Nature which occasion'd such Animosities between other Turks and the Morocco's that a Turkish Slave with them is no whit better treated than a Christian There are also many Persons in and about Algiers who likeways differ from other Mahometans in divers Particulars Some of 'em maintain that to fast seven or eight Months doth merit Eternal Happiness That Idiots are the Elect of God That Sins against Nature are Virtues That the Marabouts among 'em are inspir'd by the Devil and yet they account it an honourable thing to be defil'd by one of ' em These and many other such ridiculous Follies do they believe and avouch The Christian Faith was first planted in this Country by some of the seventy Disciples and St. Simon the Apostle Sirnam'd Zelotis SECT III. Concerning Bildulgerid  d. m. Situated between 02 00 of Long. It s greatest Length from W to E. is about 2040 Miles 55 00 between 22 30 of Latit Breadth from N. to S. is about 300 Miles 32 40 Bildulgerid comprehends the Provinces of Tesset Chief Town Idem From W. to E. Dara Idem Segelmess Idem Tegorarin Idem Zeb Teulachar Bildulgerid prop. so call'd Caphesa Desart of Barca None considerable THIS Country the Ancient Numidia is term'd by the Italians Spaniards French Germans and English Bildulgerid so call'd from the vast numbers of Dates it produceth the Name in the Arabick Tongue signifying a Date The Air of this Country is very hot but generally esteem'd abundantly wholesome to breath in The opposite Place of the Globe to Bildulgerid is that part of Mare de'l Zur and More Pacificum lying between 182
Country it lying in the 9th 10th 11th and 12th Northern Climates is not very fruitful but yet where less fertile in Corn that disadvantage is recompens'd with tollerable Pasturage It s numerous Lakes are very well stor'd with various kinds of Fishes Its Mountains are generally covered over with Trees and several of them lin'd with considerable Mines of Silver Tin Brass and Iron The longest Day in the Northmost part of this Country is about two Months the Sun being so long without setting when near the Summer Solstice The shortest in the Southmost is about 6 Hours 1 â— and the Nights proportionably The Chief Commodities of this Country are Metals Ox-hides Goat-skins Buck-skins and costly Furs Pine trees Fir-trees Oales Tallow Tar Honey and such like The Chief Rarities of this Country may be reckon'd two Publick Clocks of admirable Workmanship one belonging to the Cathedral Church of Upsal the other to that of St. Laurence in Lunden especially the latter which suppos'd to be the Work of Casper Bartholinus shews not only the Day Hour and Minute but also all the remarkable Motions of the Coelestial Bodies with all Festivals both fixt and moveable and several other pleasant Curiosities To these add that famous Slimy Lake in the Southern Part of Gothland which burns such things as are put into it As also a certain Stone found in several Parts of Sueden which being of a Yellow Colour intermixt with several Streaks of white as if compos'd of Gold and Silver affords both Sulphur Vitriol Alium and Minium Some write of a Lake in Lapland which hath as many Islands in it as there are Days in the Year Archbishopricks belonging to Sueden are Two viz. those of Upsal Riga Bishopricks in this Kingdom are Eight viz. those of Wâ—steras Strergnes Wexioc Lunden Lindkaeping Scaren Abo. Wiburg Universities established here are Two viz. those of Upsal Abo. The Swedes for the most part are Men of big and strong Bodies Men whose very Constitution doth fit them to be Soldiers but generally they weaken Nature by extravagant excess in Drinking Their Gentry are much given to Hospitality very Affable and Civil to Strangers and many of them become considerable Proficients in several Arts and Sciences The Commons are generally esteem'd good Mechanicks but lookt upon by all as too much addicted to Laziness in point of improving their Country by not cutting down many unnecessary Forests and improving that Ground to better advantage The Swedes speak a Dialect of the Teutonic which is somewhat different from that us'd in Denmark and Upper Germany Persons of Quality understand and speak the High-German Language in its Native purity The Finlanders have a peculiar Gibberish of their own For a Specimen of the Swedish Tongue we shall here subjoin the Lord's Prayer in that Language intending to observe the same Method in treating of all other Languages in Europe Their Pater-Noster runs thus Fadher war som est i himlem helghat warde tiett namyn till komme titt ricke skee tin wilie sa comi himmelen sa ock pa jordenne wart dagliha brod giffosz i dagh och forlat osz wara skuld sa som ock wforlate them osz skyldighe aro Och in leedh osz ickei frestelse uthan frels oszi fra ondo Amen The Kingdom of Swedeland having suffered various turns of Fortune being frequently disturb'd by the Adjacent Nations at last got rid of them all and becoming terrible to others spread it self over a considerable Part of its Neighbours Territories At present 't is subject unto and govern'd by its own Monarch who since the last Age is not only Hereditary but by the late turn of Affairs in his Country hath also attained unto and now exerciseth such a Power over the Subject that the same is really astonishing to any considering Person who looks back unto the State of that Kingdom only a few Years ago He is stil'd King of the Swedes Goths and Vandals Grand Prince of Finland Duke of Estonia and Carelia and Lord of Ingria c. The different Orders in this Realm are Six viz. Princes of the Blood the Nobility Clergy Soldiery Merchantry and Commonalty These by their Representatives being assembled in Parliament make four different Houses viz. that of the Nobility where the Grand Marshal presides 2. That of the Clergy where the Archbishop of Upsal presides 3. That of the Burgesses where one of the Consuls of Stockholm presides And lastly That of the Knights of the Shirâ— where one of their own Number elected by themselves presides Chief Courts establisht in this Kingdom are these Five viz. 1 That commonly call'd the King's Chamber design'd for the Decision of all Cases happening between the Nobility Senators or any of the Publick Officers and here the King is at least ought to sit as President 2 The Court Martial in which all Matters relating to War are determin'd and here the Grand Marshal of the Army is President 3. The Court of Chancery in which Edicts Mandates Commissions and such like are made out in the King's Name and here the Chancellour of the Kingdom is President 4 The Court of Admiralty in which all business relating to Maritime Affairs are transacted and here the High Admiral is President Lastly The Court of Exchequer in which all Matters concerning the Publick Revenue are manag'd and here the Grand Treasurer is President The King of Sweden bears quarterly In the First and fourth Azure three Crowns Or two in Chief and one in Base for Swedeland In the second and third Barry Argent and Azure a Lyon Or Crown'd Gules for Finland Over all quatterly in the first and fourth Sable a Lyon Or crown'd arm'd and langued Gules for the Palatinate of the Rhine In the second and third Lozenges Bendwise of twenty one pieces Argent and Azure for Bavaria For the Crest a Crown Royal adorn'd with eight Flowers and clos'd by as many Demi-Circles terminating in a Mond Or. The Supporters are two Lyons Or Crown'd of the same And his Motto is in these words Dominus Protector Meus Lutheranism is the establisht Religion of this Country being universally profess'd by all Orders and Degrees of Men except in Livonia where is a considerable Number of Papists intermixt and Lapland many of whose Inhabitants are mear Heathens usually worshipping the Sun Fire Serpents and the like and that ever since the Days of the Reformation which was happily effected in this Kingdom by Gustavus the First upon his Accession to the Swedish Crown since which time their Religion hath not been disturb'd from abroad but once and since that Disturbance never distracted at home by Non-Conformity for Persons of all Ranks adhering to the Tenets of Luther give constant attendance on Divine Service and joyn in the same manner of Worship Christianity was first planted in this Kingdom by the care and diligence of Ansgarius Archbishop of Breme the Apostle General of the North. §. 2. DENMARK THis
Orleanois and that at Clermont in Auvergne whose Waters are of a Petrifying Nature and likewise another nigh to the City of Mans which maketh Silver look exactly like Gold 2 Observable Mountains particularly those nigh to Rhodes in Guienne call'd the Mountains of Cansac which burn whenever it Rains 3. Some hideous Subterranean Holes or Passages as that in the Forrest of S. Aubin du Cormier in Bretaign through which flows a mighty Torrent of Water and another near Nions in Dauphine from which proceedeth a violent Wind. These are the chief Rarities in France both Natural and Artificial especially the latter As for Artificial ones of a modern date this Country affordeth several particularly that famous Canal of Languedoc and splendid Palace of Versailles with divers magnificent Buildings especially Churches but these are either too well known to need or too numerous to admit of any particular Relation here The Archbishopricks of France are these following viz. Lions whose Archbishop is Count and Primate of France Sens Primate of France and Germany Paris Duke and Peer of the Realm Reims Duke and Peer and Legat of the Holy See Rouen Primate of Normandy As also those Yours Bourdeaux Narbonne Vienne Burges Auch Arles Bezancon Alby Tholouse Aix Embrun The respective Suffragans of these Archbishops are as followeth Lions Autun Langres Wacon Chasion Sens. Trois Auxerre Nevers Paris Chartres Orleans Meaux Reims Soissont Laon Chaalons Noijon Beauvais Amiens Senlis Boulogn Alby Castres Mende Rodez Cahors Vahors Narbonne Carcassâ—nr Aleâ— Beziers Agde Lodove Montpellier Nismes Usetz S. Pons Perpignan Rouen Bayeux Euâ—eux Auranchet Seez Lisâ—ux Coutances Bourdeauz Poictiers Saintes Angoulesm Perigueux Agen Condom Sarlat Rochelle Lucon Arles Marseilles Orange S. Paul de 3. Chateaux Toulon Tours Mans Anger 's Rennes Nantes Cournouaille Vannes S. Malo S. Brieu Treguier S. Pol de Leon Dole Auch Acquis Aire Bazas Bayonne Comminges Conserans Lectoure Mescar Oleron Tarbes Aix Apt Riez Frejus Gap Sisteron Vienne Valence Die Grenoble Viviers Maurienne Bourges Clermont Limoges S. Flour le Puy Tulle Tholouse Pamiers Mirepoix Montauban Lavour S. Papaul Lombez Rieux Bezanc Belley Basil in Switz Lausanne in Switz Embrun Digne Glandeve Vence Senez Grace Nice in Savoy Universities belonging to this Kingdom are establisht at these Cities following Paris Anger 's Reims Perpignan Bourdeaux Caen Valence Douay Poictiers Montpellier Aix Dole Orleans Cahors Avignon Friburge Bourges Nantes Pont a'mauson Orange The French are generally a Civil Quick and Active sort of People but extreamly given to Talking especially those of the Female Sex who nevertheless are not only very pleasing in discourse but also of a graceful and winning deportment This People is thus characteriz'd by some That they are Aiery Amorous full of Action and above all things Contentious being so universally given to Law-fuits and that even among nearest Relations that Lawyers Judges and other Officers of Justice are observ'd to be the richest Body of the Kingdom excepting the Churchmen Many of this Country in matters of Learning are bless'd with a clear Conception and ready Expression and of late they have advanc'd the Republick of Letters to a very considerable height this Age having produc'd several of that Nation and even some of the Female Sex who are now famous through all the Learned World for their singular Parts The French Language compos'd chiefly of the Latin together with several German and Gothick words intermixt being lately much refin'd by the Royal Academy at Paris is so admir'd for its elegancy and sweetness that it hath wonderfully spread it self abroad in the world and is now become the chief Tongue that 's commonly us'd in most Princes Courts of Europe Pater-Noster in the same runs thus Nôtre pére qui es aux Cieux Ton Nom soit sanctifié Ton Regne vienne Ta Volonté soit faite en Ia Terre comme aâ— Ciel Donne nous aujourdhuy nôtre pain quotidien Pardonne nous nos offences comme nous pardonnons a' ceux qui nous ont offencez Et ne nous induit point en tentation mais delivre nous du mal Amen This Kingdom being formerly a part of the Roman Empire was in process of time over-run by Franks Goths and Burgundians especially the first by whom was rais'd a Monarchy which continuing in the Succession of Kings of three several Races viz. the Morovignian Carlovinian and Capetine is now as great as any in Christendom and at present subject to one Sovereign entitl'd the Most Christian King and eldest Son of the Church whose Government is Monarchical and Crown hereditary in his Heirs Male all Females being excluded by the Salique Law The whole Kingdom being divided into 12 Governments over each of them is set a Governor styl'd the King's Licutenant-General or Super-Intendant having the like Power as the Lords Lieutenants of England formerly had in their several Counties For the better management of the publick Affairs and Administration of Justice in all parts of this Kingdom here are establisht a great many Courts of Judicatory particularly these following viz. Parliaments Chambers of Accounts Courts of Aides Presidial Courts Generalities Elections c. I. Parliaments the highest and supream Courts of the Nation were Fifteen in number reckoning the late Conquests and held at the Cities of Paris Tholouse Rouen Grenoble Bourdeaux Dijon Aix Vannes Pau Mets Besancon Tourney Perpignan Arras and Brisac These Parliaments according to their respective business are divided into several Chambers especially that of Paris which hath no less than Ten. viz. 1. The Grand Chamber where the Peers of the Realm being accus'd of any Crime are usually Try'd 2. The Tournelle Civile where they take cognizance of such Civil Causes as exceed a thousand Livres in value 3. The Tournelle Criminelle where Appeals from Inferior Courts in Criminal Matters are heard and discuss'd Besides these three there are five Chambers of Inquest where Depositions of Witnesses are set down and Causes thereupon determin'd being almost the same with our Bill and Answer in Chancery and Exchequer And lastly There are two Chambers of Request where Causes of Priviledg'd Persons are heard and discuss'd II. Chambers of Accounts where Accounts of the Treasury are examin'd and Homage and Vassalage due from the Royal Feifs are receiv'd Treaties of Peace and Grants made by the King and such like are recorded These Chambers are 12 in number and held at the Cities of Paris Rouen Dijon Nantes Montpelier Grenoble Aix Pau Blois Liste Aire and Dole III. Courts of Aides where all Causes relating to the King's Revenue particularly Aides Tailles Gabells are determin'd and that without any appeal to a higher Judicatory These Courts are in number Eight and held at these 8 Cities of Paris Montpelier Rouen Clermont Montferrand Bourdeaux Aix Grenoble and Dijon IV. Presidial Courts compos'd of several Judges where Civil Causes in matters of smaller importance as also Appeals made from Subaltern Justices in Villages are
Country especially Juitland formerly Cimbrica Chersonesus a part of Ancient Scandinavia is term'd by the Italians Dania by the Spaniards Dinmarca by the French Danemarc by the High Germans Dennemark and by the English Denmark so called from the Bounds and Marâ—es of its Inhabitants the Danes whose Country bordering on the Ancient Batavi and Saxons was thereupon call'd Dane-march which Name in process of time did turn into that of Denmark The Air of this Country is much the same with that in the Southern Part of Swedeland it being extreamly Cold but in most places very wholesome The opposite place of the Globe to Denmark is that part of the Pacifick Ocean lying between 210 and 220 Degrees of Longitude with 50 and 60 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 10th and 11th North Climates is very good for Grain and Pasturage Here is abundance of Fish especially Herrings as also many wild Fowls and most kinds of wild Beasts The longest Day in the Northmost part is 17 Hours ½ the shortest in the Southmost is 8 Hours ¼ and the Nights proportionably The Chief Commodities of this Country are Fish Tallow Furniture for Ships Armour Ox-hides Buck-skins Fir-wood and Wainscot c. Near to Sleswick Southward are yet to be seen the Remains of that famous Wall and Trench made above 880 Years ago by Gotricius then King of Denmark to hinder the Incursions of the Saxons resembling somewhat the Pict's Wall in Great Britain 2. Between Flensburg and Sleswick is a small Village which goes by the Name of Anglen remarkable in so far that from the said Village and Country adjacent came our Ancestors the Ancient Angles into Great Britain 3. In Gottorp is an admirable Globe of Copper 10 Foot ½ in Diameter so contriv'd by one of the Dukes of Holstein that by certain Wheels turn'd about by Water it represents exactly the Motions of the Coelestial Bodies As also another in the Arsenal at Copenhagen of 6 Foot Diameter fram'd by Tycho Brahe that famous Danish Astronomer 4. In the Island Ween are the Ruins of the Tower of Uraniburge renowned for the Observations made thereon by the aforesaid Tycho Braye As also the Dungeon call'd Stelliburg beset with Looking-Glasses where he was wont to sit and observe the Stars in all Seasons 5. The Island Ween is likewise remarkable in that it will harbour no Dormice none such being able to live when imported thither as also a Spring whose Waters never freez even in the extreamest Cold of Winter To these we may add as a singular Curiosity of this Country That magnificent Throne fram'd of prodigious long Horns of a certain Sea Animal which the Vulgar are willing to take for the Unicorn Vid. Dr. Brown 's Travels As for Archbishopricks in this Kingdom there 's only one viz. that of Copenhagen Bishopricks in this Kingdom are those of Sleswick Arhusen Alburg Ripen Wiburg Universities in this Kingdom are those at Copenhagen Kiel The Danes a very warlike People of old having constrain'd many of the Northern Nations to submit to the force of their Arms at some time or other are now almost of the same Temper with their Neighbours the Swedes and Germans but that they are generally esteem'd a People more given to Pride and Cunning than either of the former They are Industrious and Frugal enough as also considerable Lovers of Learning but generally greater Lovers of Excess whether in Drinking or Eating especially the former and that ever since the Juice of the Grape was recommended to them by the High Germans whom they now equal if not exceed in all manner of Carousing The Modern Language of Denmark is originally a Dialect of the Teutonit The Court Gentry and Chief Burgers commonly use the High German in ordinary Discourse and French when they talk with Strangers How the Danish Tongue differs from the High German and the Modern Language in Swedeland will best appear from their Pater-Noster which runs thus Fader vor du som est himmelen helligt vorde die naffu tilkomme dit rige vorde din vilie sâ—â— paâ— jorden som hander i himmelen Gift osz â— dagh vort daglige brod oc forlad osz vor skyld som wi forlade vare skyldener ock lead osz ickudi fristelse Men frele osz fra ont Amen This Kingdom was formerly Elective although they usually advanc'd the next Heir to the Crown until the Year 1659. that Frederick the Ill having bravely repuls'd the Swedes besieging the Capital City Copenhagen it was then rendred Hereditary to his Family The Nobility here had hitherto a considerable Stroke until these our own Days that this Kingdom is so strangely Frenchifi'd in Point of Government that the Danish and French Monarchy's are now almost of the same Mould The King assumes to himself the Power of disposing of all Heirs and Heiresses of any Note as 't is practis'd in France The Danish Law is highly to be priz'd in that it 's short and perspicuous surpassing the like of all other Nations in that respect It 's wholly founded upon Equity and Compris'd in one Quarto Volume in the Danish Tongue and that so plain that any Man may understand and plead his own Cause without the Aid of either Counsel or Attorney and no Suit is to hang in suspence beyond one Year and a Month. This is indeed a mighty Advantage and a singular Property of the Danish Law upon one hand but the same is attended with a vast Inconvenience on the other for the first and principal Article thereof runs thus That the King hath the Priviledge reserv'd to himself to explain nay to alter and change the same as he shall think good Chief Courts for Administration of Justice both in Civil and Criminal Affairs are four viz. Byfoght's Heredsfought's Lanstag and High-Right The first is peculiar for deciding Matters which happen in Cities and Towns The second for those of the Country The third is the High-Court of the Province to which Appeals are made from the two former And the fourth is the Supream of all the rest held commonly at Copenhagen and consisting of the Principal Nobility in which Court the King himself sometimes sits in Person Beside these there is the Court of Admiralty for Maritime Affairs as also a Rent Chamber resembling our Court of Exchequer for managing all Matters relating to the Publick Revenue The King of Denmark bears Party of three and Coupè of two which makes twelve Quarters In the first Or Semè of Hearts Gules three Lyons passant guardant Azure crown'd Langu'd and Arm'd of the first for Denmark 2 Gules a Lyon Rampant Or Crown'd and Arm'd of the first in his Paws a Battle-Ax Argent hilted of the second for Norway 3. Gules a Lion Passant-guardant Or on Nine Hearts of the same in Fesse for Gothland 4. Gules a Dragon crown'd Or for Schonen 5. Azure three Crowns Or for Sweden 6. Gules a
prop. so call'd Chief Town Prague S. to N. Lusatia higher Northward Soraw 〈◊〉 lower Southward Pantzen Moravia Eastern Weiskirk Olmutz Western Olmutz D. of Silesia higher Southward Troppaw Breslaw lower Northward Breslaw After the 10 Circles of Germany followeth Switzerland comprehending 13 Cantons with several Confederate Cities and Proefectures 1. The thirteen Cantons are those of Zurick Switz Glaris Solothurn Bern Underwald Basil Schafhousen Lucern Zug Friburg Apenzel These Cantons are set down according to their Votes in the general Diets each of them hath a capital City of its own Name except Uri chief Town Altorf and Underwald chief Town Stant and are reduced to three Classes Viz. West comprehending Basil from N. to S. Soloturn Bern Freiburg Middle comprehending Schafhouse from N. to S. Zurich Zug Lucern Switz Underwald Uri East comprehending Apenzil from N. to S. Glaris 2. The chief Confederates of the Switzers are the Grisons ch T. Coire W. of the County of Tirol City of Geneva Lake of Geneva 3. The chief Praefectures of the Switzers are Baden on the W. N. W. of Zurick Bremgarten Mellingen Sargans N. of the Grisons To the German Empire we might here annex the Kingdom of Hungary it being now almost intirely under the Emperour But of it when we come to Turkey in Europe THIS great Body being divided as aforesaid into Ten Circles and the first of these viz. Belgium or the Netherlands being most observable upon several accounts we shall take a particular View of the same as it consists of Holland and Flanders and then treat of all the rest conjunctly under the general Title of Upper Germany Therefore §. 1. HOLLAND THis Country of old Batavia a part of Ancient Belgium is 〈◊〉 by the Italians and Spaniards Holanda by the French Hollande by the Germans and English Holland so call'd as many imagin from Hol and land two Teutonic words signifying a low or hollow sort of Land But others choose rather to dâ—â—ive the Name from Oeland an Island in the Baltick Sea whose Inhabitants being great Pyrats and frequently ranging these Seas at 〈◊〉 did seize upon and settle themselves in this part of the 〈◊〉 The Air of this Country is generally thick and moist by reason of the frequent Fogs which arise from the many Lakes and Channels with which this Country abounds And to Moistness of the Air it is that we may impute the Cause of the â—ency of Agues to which the Inhabitants are so subject The â—site Place of the Globe to Holland is that part of the vast Paciâ—â—â— Ocean between 205 and 210 Degrees of Longitude with 51 and 54 Degrees of South Latitude This Country lying very low and in the Tenth North Climate Its Soil is Naturally wet and fenny but the industrious Inhabitants do so drain it by a vast Multitude of Artificial Channels that the Ground is made very fit both for Pasture and Tillage especially the former they imploying the greatest part of their Land in Grazing vast Herds of Kine The Length of the Days and Nights is the same as in England South of the Humber Although the Commodities of this Country proceeding from its natural Growth may strictly speaking be reckon'd only Butter and Cheese yet by reason of the many useful Manufactures which this People encourage at home the very Materials of which are brought from other Nations and that wonderful Trade which they manage abroad in most Parts of the known World we may reckon it as a Publick Warehouse of the richest and best Commodities of all Nations The chief Remarkables in Holland are these following viz. 1. The vast Multitude of Artificial Sluces and Canals being a Work of prodigious Expence and great Convenience both for Traffick and Travelling 2. The Burg in Leyden being reckon'd a notable Piece of Antiquity with the many rare Curiosities to be seen in the famous University there 3. The Curious Fountains especially that call'd The Basin of Venus and the two great Cascades or Water-falls in the pleasant Gardens belonging to Loo 4. The brazen Font in St. Peter's Church in Zutphen Remarkable for its admirable Workmanship 5. The two brazen Dishes in the Village of Losdun in which were Baptiz'd Anno 1276. by Don William Suffragan Bishop of Treves 365 Children born at one Birth by the Countess of Heneberg Daughter to Florent the 4th Earl of Holland 6. The Remarkable Stone Quarry near Maestricht which looks like a vast Subterraneous Palace it reaching under a large Hill supported by some Thousands of square Pillars commonly 20 Foot high between which are spacious Walks and many private Retirements of great Use in time of War they serving as a sure Refuge to the neighbouring Country People who commonly resort thither with their Goods when alarm'd by an approaching Enemy 7. The Room where the Synod of Dort was held Anno 1619 with the Seats as they then stood is shewn to Strangers as another Curiosity of this Country To these we may add the stately brazen Statue of the famous Desid Erasmus in the City of Rotterdam as also the little obscure House where that Great and Eminent Man was born which is likewise shewn to Strangers having this Distich over its Door Aedibus his ortus Mundum decor avit Erasmus Artibus ingenuis Relligione Fide Here is but one Archbishoprick in this Country viz. Utricht and that only Titulary Under the Archbishop of Utrecht are Five Titular Suffragans viz. Those of Deventer Groningen Harlem Leuwarden Middleburgh Universities in this Country are those of Leyden Utrecht Franeker Groningen Harderwick The Natives of this Country are reckon'd none of the Politest sort of People either in Thought or Behaviour especially the latter in which they so little endeavour to follow the various Modes and nice Punctilio's of Ceremony in Use among their Neighbours the French that they choose rather to run to the other extream The chief if not only Quality of this People besides the singular Neatness of their Houses is that wonderful Genius to a laudable Industry wherewith they seem to be Universally inspir'd Persons of all Ages Sexes and Stations being some way or other usefully imploy'd By which industrious Hand in carrying on several profitable Manufactures at home and managing a prodigious Trade abroad they have of late advanc'd themselves to such a height of Power and Treasure as to become even terrible to crown'd Heads The Language here spoken is the Low Dutch a Dialect of the German having several corrupted French and Latin words intermixt a Language that hath nothing to recommend it to Strangers How it differs from the High German will best appear by their Pater Noster which runs thus Onse Vader die in de hemelen Ziit Uwen Naem werde geheylight Uw ' koninckritche home Uwen wille geschiede geliick in den hemel alsoo oock op der atrden On s ' dagelicks broot geef on s heden Ende vergeeft on s onse schulden geliick
nas zabw ode zlego Amen The large Body of Poland is subject unto and govern'd by its own King who is Elective and that by the Clergy and Nobility alone the Commons having no hand in it His Government is term'd Monarchical but if rightly considered we may reckon it rather a Real Aristocracy the Nobility in their Elections having so limited the King's Power that without the Consent of the States-General he may neither make War nor Peace nor do any thing of Importance that concerns the Publick Considering the true Nature and Constitution of this Government we may easily imagine that 't is frequently liable to Inter-reigns whether by Death Deposition or Resignation as also Intestine Broils and Commotions witness the late Election when the Parties electing do jarr in their choice During an Inter-reign or when the King is absent from his Kingdom as sometimes in the Field against the Turks the Archbishop of Gnesna doth ordinarily officiate as King but if no Archbishop of Gnesna then the Bishop of Ploczko exerciseth that Power and in case that that See be also Vacant then the Bishop of Posna undertakes the same The whole State is commonly considered as divided into two principal Parts viz. the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Dutchy of Lithuanta The Great Wheels of Government in both of these are the Senate and General Dyets The Senate is compos'd of Archbishops Bishpos Palatines Principal Castellans and Chief Officers of the Kingdom The General Dyer consists of the same Members together with Delegates from each Province and City both of the Kingdom and Dutchy which Dyet is either Ordinary as when summon'd according to Law once every two Years or Extraordinary as when call'd by the King upon some emergent Occasion The Calling of this Dyet is always perform'd by the Chancellor's Letters term'd Literae Instructionis to the Palatines acquainting them with what the King designs to propose to them and the time he would have them come to Court Having receiv'd the King's Proposal each of them hath full Liberty to examine the same in its own Nature and Consequences and to return their Thoughts about it with all the freedom they can desire The King's Letters are likeways sent to the Gentry of each Palatinate to chuse a Nuncio to be their Representative in the Dyet in which Election the Candidate must be unanimously pitch'd upon for if the Suffrage of only one private Gentleman be wanting the Election is void and the Province is depriv'd of its Vote in the approaching Dyet The Elections being over and the various Senators and Nuncio's come to Court the King array'd in his Royal Robes and attended by the Chancellor renews the Proposal in their Publick Assembly The Proposal having been duly weigh'd by each of them aforehand they come to a speedy Resolution in the Matter either Pro or Con. As the aforesaid Election of the various Nuncio's requires an unanimous Assent in all Persons electing or else the Election is void even so the thing propos'd by the King in the General Dyet must be assented unto by all otherways the Proposal was made in vain for if they differ which frequently happens then the Dyet breaks up without doing any thing and each Member returns to his own Home Subordinate to the Senate and Dyet are a great many Courts of Judicatory whether Ecclesiastical Civil or Military for determining all Causes in the various Parts of the Kingdom which Courts are much the same with the like Subordinate Judicatories in other civiliz'd Countries of Europe particularly those here in England The Arms of the Crown of Poland are Quarterly in the first and fourth Gules an Eagle Argent crown'd and arm'd Or for Poland In the second and third Gules a Cavalier arm'd Cap-a-pe Argent in the Dexter a naked Sword of the same in the Sinister a Shield Azure charg'd with a double barr'd Cross Or mounted on a Courser of the second barbed of the third and nail'd of the fourth for Lithuania For the Crest a Crown heighten'd with eight Fleurets and clos'd with four Demy-Circles ending in a Monde Or which is the Crest of Poland For the Motto are these Words Habent sua sidera Reges The Inhabitants of this Country are for the most part Professors of the Doctrine of the Church of Rome yet all Religions being tolerated here are many of the Greek Church as also Armenians Lutherans Socinians Calvinists Jews Quakers c. Those of the Church of Rome are dispers'd over all Parts of the Kingdom but most numerous in the Provinces of Cujavia and Warsovia The Lutherans are mostly to be found in Prussia The Armenians in Russia and all the rest appear in greatest Droves through the various Parts of Lithuania Besides in Samogitia is a sort of People who differ little or nothing from mere Heathens The Reformation of Religion began in this Country Anno 1535 but did not meet with due encouragement The Christian Faith was planted in the various Parts of Poland at several times and by several Persons it being establisht in Poland properly so call'd Anno 963. in the time of their Prince Miecislaus Son of Memomislus In Livonia Anno 1200. by the Preaching of one Meinarduâ—â—â— In Lithuania not until the Year 1386. at the Admission of 〈◊〉 to the Crown of Poland and then done as some affirm by Thomas Waldensis an Englishman In Samogitia and Volhinia at the same time with Livonia In the rest at other times and upon other occasions SECT VI. Concerning Spain with Portugal  d. m.  Miles Situated between 08 05 of Long. its greatest Length is about 620. 21 30 between 36 15 of Latit Breadth is about 480. 44 30 It being divided into 3 Classes viz. 1. Towards the N. and W. Ocean 2. Towards the Mediterran Sea 3. Towards the middle part 1. Class comprehends Biscay Chief Town Bilbo or Bilboa E. to W. Asturia Oviedo Gallicia Compostella N. to S. Portugal Lisbon Andalousia Sevilla W. to E. 2. Class comprehends Grenada Idem Murâ—â—â— Idem 〈◊〉 Idem Catalonia Barcelona E. to N. W. 3. Class comprehends Arragon Caragoca Navar Pamplona Old Castile Burgâ— N. to S. New Castile Madrid Leon Idem S. of Asturia Of all these in Order §. 1. Biscay a Lordship Contains Ipusco Ch. T. Tholoss E. to W. Biscay properly so called Bilbo â—â—lava Vitoria Southward §. 2. Asturia a Principality Contains Asturia 〈◊〉 viedo Chief Town Oviedo Westward Asturia de Santillana Santillana Eastward §. 3. Gallicia a Kingdom Contains the Archbishopr of Compostella Chief Town Idem S. W. to N. E. Bishopr of Mondonedo Idem Lugo Idem N. E. to S. W. upon the Minho Orense Idem Territory of Tuy Idem §. 4. Portugal a Kingdom Contains The Provin of Eutre Minho Douro Chief Town Braga W. to E. Tralos Montes Miranda Beira Coimbra N. to S. Estrema dura Lisbone Entre Taâ—o Guâ—â—ianâ— Evora The Kingdom of Algâ—ave Tavira § 5. Andalousia a Province Contains the Bishoprick of
Huesca Universities in this Kingdom are those of Sevil Alcala de Henares Huesca Gaudia Granada Saragossa Barcelona Compostella Siguenza Tudela Murcia Toledo Valencia Ossuna Tarragona Valladolid Lerida Ona Baeza Salamanca The truest Character of the Spaniard I any where find is that of Dr. Heylin's which in the main runs thus The Spaniards are a sort of People of a swarthy Complexion black Hair and of good Proportion of a Majestick Gate and Deportment grave and serious in their Carriages in Offices of Piety very Devout not to say Superstitious Obedient and Faithful to their King Patient in Adversity not prone to alter their Resolutions nor Apparel in War too deliberate Arts they esteem dishonourable universally given to Laziness much addicted to Women unreasonably Jealous of their Wives and by Nature extreamly Proud Of all the living Tongues that are deriv'd from the Latin the Spanish comes nearest to the Original though no Country has been more harrast by the Irruption of Barbarous Nations Yet they have borrowed several Words from the Goths and Mores especially the latter The best Spanish is generally esteem'd that spoken in New-Castile and in Valentia and Catalonia 't is most corrupted Their Pater Noster runs thus Padre nuestro que estas en los Gielos Santificado sea tu Nembre Venza a nos tu Regno hagase tu Volantad assi en la tierra como en el Cielo El pan nuestro de cadadia da nos lo oy y perdona nos nuestras deudas assi como nos otros perdonamos à nuestros deudores y no nos dexes caer en tentation mas libra nos del mal Amen This great Body did formerly comprehend no less than fourteen different Kingdoms which being at length reduc'd to three viz. Those of Arragon Castile and Portugal the two former were united Anno 1474. by Marriage of Ferdinand of Arragon with Isabel Heiress of Castile and Portugal afterwards added by Conquest Anno 1578. But it Revolting of which afterwards the whole Continent of Spain excluding Portugal is at present subjected to one Sovereign term'd his Catholick Majesty whose Government is Monarchical and Crown Hereditary The Dominions of which Prince are so far extended that the Sun never sets upon them all and as his Territories are very numerous so also are the Titles which he commonly assumeth being stil'd King of Castile Leon Arragen Sicily Naples Jerusalem Portugal Navarr Granada Toledo Valleâ—ia Gallâ—ia Majorca Seville Sardignia Gordova Corsica Murcia Jaen Algarve Algâ—â—ire Gibralter The Canaries East and West Indies Arch Duke of Austria Duke of Burgundy Brabant and Milan Count of Flanders Tirol and Barcelona Lord of Biscay and Mechelin c. The numerous Cities and Provinces of Spain are ruled by particular Governors appointed by his Catholick Majesty as also the Dutchy of Milan the Kingdoms of Naples Sicily Sardignia c and the various Parts of his vast Possessions in the East and West Indies are govern'd by their respective Vice Roys who are generally very severe in exacting of the Subject what possibly they can during their short Regency which is commonly limited to three Years the King appointing others in their room that he may gratify as many of his Grandees as may be with all conveniency there being still a great number of them at Court as Candidates for a Government For the better management of Publick Affairs in all the Spanish Dominions there are establisht in this Kingdom no less than fifteen different Councils viz. that call'd The Council of State 2 The Council Royal or that of Castile 3 That of War 4. The Council of Arragon 5 That of Italy 6 The Council of the Indies 7. That of the Orders 8 The Council of the Treasury 9. That of the Chamber 10 The Council of the Crosade 11 That of Discharges 12 The Council of Inquisition 13. That of Navarr 14 The Council of Conscience And lastly that call'd The Council of Policy The King of Spain bears Quarterly The first Quarter Counter-quarter'd in the first and fourth Gules a Castle tripple-tower'd Azure each with three Battlements Or purâ—led Sable for Castile In the second and third Argent a Lion passant Gules Crown'd Langued and Arm'd Or for Leon. In the second great Quarter Or four Pallets Gules for Arragon Party Or four Pallets also Gules betwixt two Flanches Argent charg'd with as many Eagles Sable member'd beak'd and crown'd Azure for Sicily These two great Quarters grafted in Base Argent a Pomegranete Verte stalk'd and leav'd of the same open d and seeded Gules for Granada Over all Argent five Escucheons Azure plac'd cross-wise each charg'd with as many Baeants in Saltier of the first for Portugal The Shield bordered Gules with seven Towers Or for Algarve In the third Quarter Gules a Fesse Argent for Austria Coupie and supported by Ancient Burgundy which is Bendy of six Pieces Or and Azure border'd Gules In the fourth great Quarter Azure Semè of Flower de Luces Or with a border Compony Argent and Gules for Modern Burgundy coupè Or supported Sable a Lion Or for Brabant These two great Quarters charg'd with an Escucheon Or a Lion Sable and langued Gules for Flanders Partly Or an Eagle Sable for Antwerp the Capital City of the Marquisate of the Holy Empire For Crest a Crown Or rais'd with eight Diadems or Semi-circles terminating in a Mond Or. The Collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece encompasses the Shield on the sides of which stand the two Pillars of Hercules on each side one with this Morto Plus ultra The Spaniards are very punctual followers of and close adherers to the Church of Rome and that in her grossest Errors and Corruptions â—â—â—ing up their Religion on the Pope's Authority and are therein so tenacious that the King suffers none to live in his Dominions who profess not their belief of the Doctrine of the Roman Church For whose Care or rather Bigottry in this matter the Pope hath conferr'd upon him the Title of his Catholick Majesty All other Professions are expell'd by that Antichristian Tyranny of the Bloody Inquisition at first devised and set up by Pâ—dâ—e Goasales de Mendeza Archbishop of Toledo and that against such Converted Jews and Moors as return'd again to their Superstition but of late it hath been chiefly turn'd upon those and others of the Protestant Communion So industrious are the Ecclesiasticks in this Country to keep up the whole Body of the People in the thickest Mist of Ignorance and so little is this Nation enclin'd of themselves to make any enquiries after Knowledge that considering these things upon one hand and the Terror of the Inquisition on the other in case of such Enquiries especially if they have the least tendency to Innovation in Points of Faith we cannot reasonably expect a Reformation of Religion in this Country unless the Hand of Providence shall interpose in a wonderful manner Christianity was planted here according to the old
S. Maurice from E. to W. Monstiers Beaufort Constans M. Melian Chambery Arc are those of S. Michael from E. to W. S. Jaen de Maurienne Seran are those of Rumilly from S. to N. Annacy Arve are those of Salanches from E. to W. Cluse Bonne Ville la Roche PIEDMONT Comprehends the Dukedom of Aouste Chief Town Aouste 44 m. N. of Turin Marquisate of Jurea Jurea 22 m. N. Susa Susa 24 m. N. W. County of Asti Asti 26 m. E. Seignory of Vercelli Idem 12 m. N. of â—â—sal Territories of Nizza Idem upon the Sea-Coast Princip of Piedinont properly so called Turin upon the River Po. Piedmont properly so called Comprehends the Territories of Turino Chief Town Idem N. to S. upon the Po. Chieri Idem Carignan Idem Carmagnola Idem Salutzo Idem Cavîgliano Idem Lucerna Idem 5 m. S. of Pignerol Cherasco Idem N. to S. upon the Tanaro Mindovi Idem Ceva Idem Tossano Idem N. to S. upon the Stura Coni Idem MONTFERRAT Comprehends the Territories of Trino Chief Town Idem N. to S. Casal Idem Alba Idem Acqui Idem Spin Idem 8 m. S. W. of Acqui MILAN Comprehends the Territories of Angiera Chief Town Idem from W. to S. E. Novarese Novara Vigevanasco Vigevano Pavese Pavia Lodegiano Lodi Cremonese Cremona Milaneze Milan S. to N. Comese Como Allessandrinese Allessandria W. to E. Laumelline Valenza Tortonese Tortona Bobbiese Bobbio PARMA Comprehends the D. of 〈…〉 so call'd 〈…〉 Idem 〈◊〉 E to W. 〈…〉 Idem 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of 〈…〉 〈…〉 N. to S. 〈…〉 〈…〉 MODENA Comprehends the D. of Modena prop. so call'd Chief Town Idem Eastward Regto Idem Westward Mirandula Idem Northward Corregie Idem 11 m. N. E. of Regio Principality of Carpi Idem 14 m. MANTOVA Comprehends the D. of Montoua prop. so call'd Chief Town Mantoua Northward Sabionetta Id. 18 m. S. W. of Mantoua 〈…〉 Idem 18 m. S. Principality of Bozzolo Id. 18 m. S. W. Marquisate of Castiglon Castillan-de-Silver 6m N. E. of Mantua VENICE Comprehends the Territories of Dogado Chief Town Venice from E. to W. Paduano Padua Vicentino Vicenza Veronese Verona Brescâ—ano Brescia Bergamasco Bergamo Frluli Uddine W. to E. Istria Cabo d'Istria Aquileija Idem in Friuli 22 m. S E. of Uddin Cremasco Crema 24 m. S. of Bergamo Polâ—sin-de-Rovigo Rovigo 22 m. S. of Padua Marca Trevigiano Trevigio 17 m. N. W. of Venice Trevigiano contains the Territories of Trevigiano prop. Trevigie S. to N. Feltrino Feltri Bellunese Belluno Cadrino Codore GENOVA Comprehends the Principality of 〈◊〉 Chief Town Idem W. to E. Territory of 〈◊〉 Idem Principality of 〈◊〉 Idem Marquisate of 〈◊〉 Idem Territory of 〈…〉 Idem 〈…〉 Idem  〈…〉 Idem 〈…〉 Idem TRENT Comprehends only the Bishoprick of Trent Chief Town Idem upon the A. dige §. 2. In the Middle Part. The Land of the Church of Papacy Comprehends the D. of Ferrara Chief Town Ferrara N. W. to S. E. Bolognese Bologna Prov. of Romagna Ravenn 〈…〉 D. of Urbine Urbino Marq. of Ancona Ancona C. of Citta de Castello Citta de Castello N. to S. Terr of Perugiano Perugia Orvietano Orvieto D. of Castro Castro St. Peters Patrimony Viterbo 14 m. S. E. of Orvieto Campagnia 〈…〉 Rome S. to N. Sabino Magliano 20 m. N. of Rome D. of Spoleto Spoleto TUSCANY Comprehends the Terr of Florence Chief Town Idem N. E. to S. W. Pisa Idem Sienna Idem N. E. to S. W. Princip of Piombino Idem Isle of Elbai Cosmopoli D. of Carrara and Massa Massa 24 m. N. W. of Pisa State of Presidii Orbitello 55 m. E. of Cosmopoli The Republicks of Luca S. Marino Comprehend only the Territories of these two free Cities of Luca Sltuated 8 m. N. E. of Pisa S. Marino 17 m. N. W. of Urbine §. 3. In the Lower Part. The Kingdom of NAPLES Comprehends the Provinces of Abruzzo the 〈◊〉 Chief Town Aquila From N. W. to S. E. upon the Adriatick Gulph Abruzzo the nigher Civitta di Chie Molissa Bojano Capitinate or Puglia Mandfredonia Terra di Bari Bari Terra di Otranto Otranto Terra di Lavoro Naples From N. W. to S. E. upon the Tyrrhenean Sea Further Principate Benevento Nigher Principate Salerno Basilicate Cirenza Calabria the nigher Cosenze Calabria the farther Regie THIS Country known of old by the Names of Hesperia Saturnia Latium Ausonia Oenotria and Janicula is term'd by its Natives and Spaniards Italia by the French Italie by the Germans Italien and by the English Italy so call'd as most Authors conjecture from Italus an Ancient King of the Siculi who leaving their Island came into this Country and possessing themselves of the middle part thereof called the whole Italia from the Name of their Prince The Air of this Country is generally Pure Temperate and Healthful to breathe in except the Land of the Church where 't is ordinarly reckon'd more gross and unwholesome as also the Southern Parts of Naples where for several Months in the Summer 't is scorching Hot being of the like Quality with the Air of those Provinces in Spain which lie under the same Parallels of Latitude The opposite Place of the Globe to Italy is that part of the vast Pacifick Ocean lying between 205 and 220 Degrees of Longitude with 38 and 48 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 6th and 7th North Climate is very fertile generally yielding in great abundance the choicest of Corn Wines and Fruit. Its Woods are for the most part continually green and well-stor'd with the best of wild and tame Beasts Its Mountains do afford several kinds of Metal particularly those in Tuscany and Naples which are said to yield some rich Mines of Silver and Gold Here is also a great quantity of true Albaster and the purest of Marble In short this Country is generally esteem'd the Garden of Europe and so stately and magnificent are its numerous Cities that I cannot omit the following Epithets commonly bestow'd on divers of them as Rome the Sacred Naples the Noble Florence the Fair Venice the Rich Genoa the Stately Milan the Great Ravenna the Ancient Padua the Learned Bononia the Fat Leghorn the Merchandizing Verona the Charming Luca the Jolly and Casal the Strong The chief Commodities of this Country are Wines Corn Rice Silks Velvets Taffaties Sattins Grograins Fustians Gold-wire Allom Armour Glasses and such like To reckon up all those things in Italy that truly deserve the Epithet of Rare and Curious would far surpass our designed brevity I shall therefore confine my self to one sort of Rarities namely The most noted Remains or Monuments of Reverend Antiquity which in effect are most worthy of our regard they being very useful in giving some Light to several parts of the Roman History In viewing of which Antiquities I shall reduce them all to Three Classes viz. Those that are to be seen in the City of Rome it self Secondly In the Kingdom of Naples And lastly In
commonly goes now by the Name of Watling-street And in Teviotdale are some Vestigia of Roman Encampments and another Military-way vulgarly term'd the Ruggid Cawsway 2. In the Stewarty of Strathern are visible Tracts of several Roman Camps especially that at Ardoch 3 In Sterlingshire are divers Marks of the famous Roman Wall now commonly call'd Graham's Dyke which was extended over the Isthmus between the Rivers of Forth and Clyde Its Form and Manner of Building will best appear by a Draught thereof for which Vid. Camden's Britainnia late Edition page 959. 4. In Sterlingshire were likeways found some Inscriptions upon Stones relating to the Roman Wall particularly Two one whereof is now at Calder and informs us that the Legio secunda Augusta built the said Wall upwards of three Miles and another in the E. Marshal's House at Dunnotyr which hints that a Party of the Legio vicesima victrix continued it for three Miles more As for the Inscriptions themselves Vid. Cambd. page 920 and 1101. 5. Hard by the Tract of the aforesaid Wall in Sterlingshire are yet to be seen two pretty Mounts term'd by the Ancients Duni pacis as also the Remains of an Ancient Building in form of a Pyramide now call'd by the Vulgar Arthur's Oven which many reckon to have been a Temple of the God Terminus 6. Near Pasley and Renfrew are the Vestigia of a large Roman Camp the Fosses and Dykes about the Praetorium being still visible Here is also to be seen a remarkable Spring which regularly Ebbs and Flows with the Sea 7. Nigh to the City of Edenburgh is a noted Spring commonly call'd the Oily-Well the Surface of its Waters being cover'd with a kind of Oyl or Bitumen which is frequently us'd with good Success in curing Scabs and Pains proceeding from Cold. 8. Near the same City is another Fountain which goes by the Name of the Routing-Well because it usually makes a Noise before a Storm 9. Near Brechin in Aagus where the Danes receiv'd a mighty overthrow is a high Stone erected over their General 's Grave call'd Camus-Cross with another about ten Miles distance both of 'em having antique Letters and Figures upon them 10. At Slains in Aberdeenshire is a remarkable petrifying Cave commonly call'd the Dropping Cave where Water ouzing through a spungy porous Rock on the Top doth quickly consolidate after it falls in drops to the bottom 11. Near Kilross in Murray is to be seen an Obelisk of one Stone set up as a Monument of a Fight between King Malcolm Son of Keneth and Sueno the Dane 12. On the Lord Lovet's Lands in Straherrich is a Lake which never freezeth all over before the Month of February but after that time one Nights Frost will do it There 's also another call'd Lough-Monar belonging to the late Sir George Mackenzy just of the same Nature with the former and a third at Glencanigh in Strathglash which never wants Ice upon the middle Part of it even in the hottest Day of Summer 13. Towards the Northwest Part of Murray is the famous Lough-Ness which never freezeth but retaineth its natural Heat even in the extreamest Cold of Winter 14. In Lennox is Lough Lomond which is every whit as famous among the Vulgar not only for its Floating-Island but also as having Fish without Fins and being frequenly Tempestuous in a Calm 15. In divers Parts of Scotland are some noted Mineral Springs particularly those at Kinghorn and Balgrigy in Fife as also Aberdeen and Peterhead in Aberdeenshire several of which come little short of the famous Spaw-Water in the Bishoprick of Liege Lastly In most Counties of this Kingdom are many Circular Stone Monuments being a company of prodigious long Stones set on end in the Ground and that commonly in form of a Circle which are probably conjectur'd to have been either Funeral Monuments or Places of Publick Worship in times of the Ancient Druides or both Archbishopricks in this Kingdom are Two viz. those of St. Andrews Glascow Bishopricks in this Kingdom are Twelve viz. those of Edenburgh Murray Ross Galloway Dunkeld Brichen Cathness Argile Aberdeen Dumblain Orkney The Isles Universities of this Kingdom are Four viz. those of St. Adrews Edenburgh Aberdeen Glascow The Scots for the most part are an Active Prudent and Religious sort of People Many abominable Vices too common in other Countries are not so much as speculatively known among them They generally abhor all kinds of Excess in Drinking and effeminate Delicacy in Diet chusing rather to improve the Mind than pamper the Body Many of them make as great Advances in all Parts of ingenious and solid Learning as any Nation in Europe And as for their singular Fidelity although slanderously spoken of by some 'tis abundantly well-known and experienced abroad for an undoubted Demonstration thereof is publickly given to the whole World in that a Neighbouring Prince and his Predecessors for almost three hundred Years have committed the immediate Care of their Royal Persons to them without ever having the least Cause to repent or real Ground to change The Language commonly spoken in the North and North-West of this Country is a Dialect of the Irish corruptedly call'd Erse a Specimen of which shall be given when we come to Ireland In all other Parts of the Kingdom they use the English Tongue but that with considerable difference of Pronounciation in different Counties and all disagreeing with that in England except the Town of Inverness whose Inhabitants are the only People who come nearest to the true English however the Gentry and Persons of good Education usually speak English though not with the same Accent as in England yet according to its true Propriety and their manner of Writing is much the same The vulgar Language commonly call'd Broad Scotch is indeed a very corrupt sort of English and hath a great Tincture of several Foreign Tongues particularly the High German Low Dutch and French especially the last a great many words still in use among the Commonality being Originally from that Language For a Specimen of which Tongue Pater-Noster in it runs thus Ure Fader whilk art in Heven hallued bee thy Neme thy Kingdoom cumm thy Wull be doon inn Erth az it s doon inn Heven Geé uss this day ure daily Breed an forgee uss ure Sinns az we forgee them that Sinn against uss and leed uss nae intoo temtacion batt delyver uss frae evil Ameen This Kingdom hath hitherto had the good fortune to enjoy an Hereditary limited Monarchy though many times the immediate Heir or next in Blood hath been set a side and another more remote hath mounted the Throne Since its Union with England both Kingdoms are under one King who is stil'd the Monarch of Great Britain The Government of this Kingdom is chiefly manag'd by a Council of State or Privy Council consisting of those call'd properly Officers of State and others of the Nobility and Gentry whom the King pleaseth to
Rivulets 14. At Glassenbury in Somersetshire are several ancient Pyramids mention'd by William of Malmsbury with imperfect Inscriptions but why when and by whom erected is meerly conjectural 15. In the Cathedral of Exeter is an Organ which is reckon'd the largest of any in England the greatest Pipe belonging to it being fifteen Inches Diameter which is more by two than the celebrated Organ of Ulm. 16. In Dover-Castle is an old Table hung up which imports that Julius Caesar landed upon that Part of the English Coast Lastly In the County of Surry is the English Anas or the River Mole which loseth it self under Ground and ariseth again at some considerable distance as doth also Recall in the North-Riding of Yorkshire Cambden page 155 and 754. To these Rarities abovemention'd I might here add some Stupendious Fabricks in this Kingdom which may be fitly term'd Art's Master-Pieces But to descend to particulars would swell this Paragraph to a disproportionable bigness Archbishopricks in this Kingdom are Two viz. those of Canterbury and York The Archbishop of Canterbury hath the Precedency of York and is stil'd Primate of all England the other being also Primate of England but not of all England A Controversy hotly debated between these two Archiepiscopal Sees but at last determin'd in favour of the former Bishopricks in this Kingdom including Wales are those of London Chichester Carlisle Durham Salisbury Exeter Winchester Worcester Chester Bath and Wells Lincoln Bristol Oxford St. Asaph Norwich Bangor St. Davids Glocester Rochester Peterborough Hereford Eli Landaff Litchfield and Coventry In point of Place after the two Archbishops followeth the Bishop of London next to him the Bishop of Durham 3dly the Bishop of Winchester and then all the rest according to the Seniority of their Consecration Universities of this Kingdom are those famous Seats of the Muses or two Eyes of England term'd Oxford and Cambridge which for magnificent Buildings rich Endowments ample Priviledges as also number of Students Libraries and learned Men are inferior to none or rather not to be parallel'd by any in the World The Names of the respective Colleges and Halls in each of these Universities the most of which do surpass many of our Foreign Universities are as followeth In Oxford are In Cambridge are University Magdalen Peterhouse Baliol Brazen-Nose Clare-Hall Merton Corpus Christi Bennet or Corpus Christi Oriel Christ-Church Pembroke-Hall Exeter Trinity Trinity-Hall Queen's St. John's Gonvil and Caius New-College Jesus King's College Lincoln Wadham Queen's College All-Souls Pembroke Catherine-Hall Jesus-College Halls are Seven viz. Christ-College St. John's College Glocester Alban Magdalen-College St. Edmund St. Mary Trinity-College Magdalen New-Inn Emanuel-College Hart Sidney-Sussex The English being originally a mixture of divers Northern and Southern Nations do still retain in their Humour a just Mean betwixt those two Extreams for the dull Saturnine Genius of the one and the hot Mercurial Temper of the other meeting in their Constitutions render them Ingenious and Active yet Solid and Persovering which nourisht under a sutable Liberty inspires a Courage both generous and lasting This happy temperament of Spirit wherewith this People is endu'd doth eminently appear to the World by that mighty Inclination they always had and still have both to Arms and Arts and that wonderful Progress they have hitherto made in each of them For the matchless Valour and Bravery the singular Prudence and Conduct of the English Nation both by Sea and Land is so universally known and hath been so frequently manifested in most Parts of the World that many Potent States and Kingdoms have felt the Dint of their Sword and been constrain'd to yield to the Force of their Arms. They have also so effectually appli'd themselves to all sorts of Ingenious Literature since the happy Days of our Reformation and are advanc'd to such a Pitch of True and Solid Learning that they may justly claim a true Title to the Empire of Human Knowledge Finally their manner of Writing whether for Solidity of Matter Force of Argument or Elegancy of Stile is indeed so transcendently Excellent that no Nation hath yet surpass'd the English and none can justly pretend to equal them The English Language being a mixture of the old Saxon and Norman one a Dialect of the Teutonic and the other of the French having also some Tincture of the Ancient British Roman and Danish Tongues is much refin'd of late and now deservedly reckon'd as Copious Expressive and Manly a Tongue as any in Europe Harangues in this Language are capable of all the delightful Flowers of Rhetorick and lively Strains of the truest Eloquence nothing inferior to the most fluent Orations pronounc'd of old by the best of the Roman Orators In a word 't is a Language that 's rightly calculated for the Masculine Genius of those who own it Pater-Noster in the English Tongue runs thus Our Father which art in Heaven c. The Kingdom of England is a famous Ancient and Hereditary Monarchy a Monarchy which can seldom admit of any Inter-regnum and therefore is free from many Misfortunes to which Elective Kingdoms are subject yea such a Monarchy in the Words of that Worthy Gentlemen Dr. Chamberlain Author of the Present State of England as that by the necessary subordinate Concurrence of the Lords and Commons in making and repealing of Statutes or Acts of Parliament it hath the main Advantages of an Aristocracy and Democracy and yet free from the Disadvantages and Evils of either In short 't is a Monarchy continues the aforesaid Author as by most admirable Temperament affords very much to the Industry Liberty and Happiness of the Subject and reserves enough for the Majesty and Prerogative of any King who will own his People as Subjects not as Slaves Chief Persons of this Realm after the King and Princes of the Blood are the Great Officers of the Crown who are commonly reckon'd Nine in number viz. 1. Lord High-Steward of England an Officer indeed so great or whose Power was esteem'd so exorbitant that it hath been discontinued ever since the Days of John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster his Son Henry of Bullingbrook being the last who had a State of Inheritance in that High Office and is now confert'd by the King upon some of the Chief Peers only pro illa vice as upon occasion of the Crowning of a New King or the Arraignment of a Peer of the Realm for Treason Felony or such like 2 The Lord High-Chancellor whose Office is to keep the King 's Great Seal to moderate the Rigor of the Law in judging according to Equity and not according to the Common Law He also disposeth of all Ecclesiastical Benesices in the King's Gift if valued under 20 l. a Year in the King's Book In case there be no Chancellor then the Lord Keeper is the same in Authority Power Precedence only different in Patent 3 The Lord High Treasurer whose Office as being Praefectus Aerarii
Irish according to the best Character I find of 'em viz. that of Dr. Heylin's are a People that 's generally strong and nimble of Body haughty of Spirit careless of their Lives patient in Cold and Hunger implacable in Enmity constant in Love light of Belief greedy of Glory In a word if they are bad you shall no where find worse if they be good you can hardly meet with better The Language here us'd by the Natives being the Irish seems to be of a British Extraction by comparing the same with the Welsh The English and Scots here residing retain their own Pater-Noster in the Irish Tongue runs thus Air nathir ataigh air nin nabz far haminiti tigiuh da riatiatche deantur da hoilam hicoil air nimh agis air thalamhi Air naran laidhthuil tabhair dhuin a' niomh agis math duin dair shiaca ammil agis mathum viddar fentchunnim agis na trilaic astoch say anausen ac sarsino ole Amen The Government of this Country is by one Supreme Officer who is commonly term'd the Lord Lieutenant or Lord Deputy of Ireland No Vice-Roy in Europe is invested with greater Power nor cometh nearer the Majesty of a King in his Train and State than he For his Assistance he 's allow'd a Privy-Council to advise with upon all Occasions As for the Laws of the Kingdom which are the standing Rule of all Civil Government they owe their Beginning and Original to the English Parliament and Council and must first pass the Great Seal of England In absence of the Lieutenant the Supreme Power is lodg'd in Lords Justices who have the same Authority with a Lieutenant The various Courts of Judicatory both for Civil and Criminal Affairs and their manner of proceeding in each of 'em are much the same as here in England See England page 206. The Inhabitants of this Country are partly Protestants partly Papists The best civilized Parts of the Kingdom are of the Reform'd Religion according to the Platform of the Church of England But the far greater Part of the old Native Irish do still adhere to Popish Superstitions and are as credulous of many Ridiculous Legends as in former times The Christian Faith was first preached in this Country by St. Patrick Anno 435. who is generally affirm'd to be the Nephew of St. Martin of Thurs. And thus having travell'd through Britain and Ireland the Greater of the Britannick Islands proceed we next to the Lesser which in respect of Great Britain are situated on the East West North and South On the East are The Holy Island Remarkable Places are The Old Fort All E of Northumberland Fearn Islands The Old Tower Coket Island Sheppy Island Quinborough On the Kentish Coast Thanet Island On the West are The Lewes Sowardil found from N. to S. Wiist Kilfadrick Sky Kilvorie Mu◠Dowart-Castle Jura Kilardil Ila Kilconan Arren Arren Man Russin Anglesey Newburgh Scilly Islands Castle Hugh On the North are The Orkneys of which the chief are Hoy None from S. to N. N. E. Mainland Kirkwall Sapinsha Elwick Westra Periwa The Shetland of which the chief are Mainland Ylesburg Yell Gravelland On the South are Portland Island Portland Castle S. of Dorsetshire Isle of Wight Newport S. of Hampshire Port-Sea Island Portsmouth Isles of Jersey St. Hillary W. of Normandy Garnsey St. Peter's Town Alderney Alderney The chief of which Lesser Islands being these following viz. The Oreades The Isle of Man The Isles of Jersey The Schetland Anglesey Garnsey The Hebrides Wight Alderney Somewhat of all these and in their Order Therefore §. 1. The Orcades or Orknay Islands THE number of these Islands is indeed very great and of 'em Twenty six are actually inhabited the rest being call'd Holms are us'd only for Pasturage Most of 'em are bless'd with a very pure and healthful Air to breath in but their Soil is very different being in some extreamly Dry and Sandy in others Wet and Marish however they 're indifferently fruitful in Oats and Barly but destitute of Wheat Rye and Pease Many useful Commodities are yearly exported from them to divers Foreign Parts South-West of Swinna one of those Islands are two dreadful Whirl-pools in the Sea commonly term'd the Wells of Swinna very terrible to Passengers and probably occasion'd by some Subterranean Hiatus In these Islands are several Footsteps of the Pictish Nation from whom Pictland-Frith is commonly thought to derive its Name The Inhabitants do still retain many Gothick and Teutonick Terms in their Language and some Ancient German Sirnames as yet in use do plainly evince their Extraction These Islands have been visited by the Romans possess'd by the Picts and subject to the Danes but Christiern IV. of Denmark having quitted all his Pretensions to them in favour of King James VI. upon the Marriage of that Prince with his Sister they have ever since acknowledged Allegiance to the Scottish Crown and are immediately govern'd by the Stewart of Orknay or his Deputy §. 2. The Shetland UNDER the Name of Shetland are commonly comprehended no less than Forty six Islands with Forty Holms besides many Rocks Of these Islands about Twenty six are inhabited the rest being us'd only for feeding of Cattle They enjoy a very healthful Air and the Inhabitants do generally arrive to a great Age. In several of them are some Obelisks still standing with divers old Fabricks made as is commonly believ'd by the Picts The Gentry who remov'd hither from the Continent usually speak as in the North of Scotland but the Common Sort of People who are descended from the Norvegians do still retain a corrupt Norse Tongue call'd Norn All these Islands belong now to the Crown of Scotland and are reckon'd a part of the Stewarty of Orknay §. 3. The Hebrides THIS mighty Cluster of Islands the Ebudes of Ptolomy Solinus and Pliny are commonly term'd the Western Isles from their Situation in respect of Scotland to which Crown they belong In Soil they 're very different but generally blest with a pure and healthful Air. They surpass Three hundred in number though reckon'd by some but Forty four Their Inhabitants use the Irish Tongue yet with difference of Dialect from that in Ireland and are much the same with the Highlanders on the Continent of Scotland both in Habit Customs and Manner of Living The most remarkable of all these Islands are Two viz. Jona and St. Kilda The former now call'd Columbkill nigh the Isle of Mull is noted for being of old the burying Place of the Kings of Scotland and the chief Residence of the Ancient Culdees The other term'd by the Islanders Hirt by Buchanan Hirta and afterwards St. Kilda or Kildir is the remotest of all the Hebrides and so observable for some Remarkables therein and several uncommon Customs peculiar to its Inhabitants that a Description thereof was of late thought worthy of a particular Treatise entituled A Voyage to St. Kilda to which I remit the Reader §. 4. The Isle
Empress to Châ—-Gâ—han erected nigh to the Grand Bazar which is reported to be a very stately Structure and of so vast a bigness that Twenty thousand Artificers were imploy'd in erecting of it for the space of Twenty two Years But what mostly deserves our regard in the whole Kingdom of Indosian is that Rich and Glorious Throne in the Palace of Agra on which the Great Mogul doth usually appear during the Festival of his Birth Day where he receives the Compliments and Presents of the Grandees after the yearly Ceremony of weighing his Person is over This stately Throne so noted among Travellers in these Parts is said to stand upon Feet and Bars overlaid with enamell'd Gold and adorn'd with several large Diamonds Rubies and other precious Stones The Canopy over the Throne is set thick with curious Diamonds and surrounded with a Fringe of Pearl Above the Canopy is the lively Effigies of a Peacock whose Tail sparkles with blew Saphires and other Stones of different Colours his Body is of enamell'd Gold set with Jewels and on his Breast is a large Ruby from which hangs a Pearl as big as an ordinary Pear On both sides of the Throne are two Umbrella's of curious Red Velvet richly embroidred with Gold and encompass'd with a Fringe of Pearl â—he very Sticks whereof are also cover'd with Pearls Rubies and Diamonds Over against the Emperor's Seat is a choice Jewel with a hole bor'd through it at which hangs a prodigious big Diamond with many Rubies and Emeralds round about it These and several others not here mention'd are the costly Ornaments of this Indian Throne which if all related of it be true cannot be match'd by any other Monarch upon the Face of the whole Earth Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Inhabitants of the various Parts of this vast Empire are Persons of various Tempers and Customs What those of the Inland Provinces are is not very certain our Intelligence of 'em being yet very slender but the People of the Southern or Maritime places of the Mogul's Dominions are Persons for the most part very tall of Stature strong of Body and in Complexion inclining some what to that of the Negroes In Behaviour Civil in their Dealings pretty just and many of the Mechanical sort prove wonderful Ingenious Both here and in the two Peninsula's hereafter mention'd are various Languages and these again divided into different Dialects but the Arabick is still us'd in their Religious Offices Among the several Languages spoken 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Mogul's Dominions the Gazarate Tongue is reckon'd the chief and is mostly us'd in the Kingdoms of Cambaya and Bengala but the Persian is said to be the Language of the Court. This vast Body comprehends a great many Kingdoms some of which are free some subject to others and most of 'em Tributary to one Sovereign namely the Great Mogul whose Government is most Tyrannical for he hath both the Purses and Persons of his Subjects wholly at his disposal and is Lord of all being Heir to every Man's Estate His Imperial Seat is ordinarily at Agra which is a very Rich and Populous City lying in the Province of the same Name and the Metropolis of the whole Empire If he allows paternal Inheritance any where the same is revokable at his pleasure His bare Will is the Law and his Word a final Decision of all Controversies The Indian Diadem is not intail'd by Primogeniture on the Sons but is either ravisht by force or carri'd by craft of such who stand in Competition for it he generally succeeding to the Throne who hath mostly gain'd the Favour and Assistance of the Omrahs and Nabobs with other Grandees at Court and upon his Instalment therein he commonly sacrificeth all his Rivals and nearest Relations reckoning his Throne to be but tottering unless its Foundations be laid in the Blood of such Persons His Revenue is indeed so vast that a bare Relation would seem incredible but proportionably to the same are his necessary ways of imploying it for to a we the prodigious multitude of People within the vast Extent of his Dominions he 's oblig'd to keep in daily pay many Legions of Soldiers otherways 't were impossible to Command the turbulent Rajahs who as it is do frequently make Insurrections and disturb his Government The Ensigns Armorial of the Great Mogul are said to be Argent Semé with Besants Or. As for particular Coats of Arms peculiar to private Persons as in Europe here are none no Man within the Mogul's Dominions being Hereditary either to his Estate or Honours The Inhabitants of this Country are mostly Pagan and next to Paganism the Religion of Mahomet prevails it being chiefly embrac'd according to the Comentaries of Mortis Haly. Of the Pagans here are various Sects and Orders among them particularly the Banians the Persees and Faquirs 1. The Bantans who believe a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Transmigration of Souls and thereupon do usually build Hospitals for Beasts and will upon no account deprive any Creature of Life lest thereby they dislodge as they imagine the Soul of some departed Friend But of all living Creatures they have the greatest Veneration for the Cow to whom they pay a Solemn Address every Morning and at a certain time of the Year they drink the Stale of that worshipful Animal believing it hath a singular Quality to purify all their Desilements Besides their constant Abstinence from the Food of any Animal they frequently refrain from all eatables till Night Of these Bantans there are reckon'd in India about Twenty four different Casts or Sects 2. Persees the Posterity of the Ancient Persians who worship the Element of Fire for which reason they 're also call'd Gaures i. e. Worshippers of Fire Besides the Fire they have a great Veneration for the Cock To kill the one or extinguish the other is esteem'd by them a Crime unpardonable Their High Priest is call'd Destoor and their Ordinary Priests Darcos or Harboods Lastly The Faquirs a kind of Religious Monks who live very austere Lives being much given to Fasting and several Acts of Mortification and some as a voluntary Penance make solemn Vows of keeping their Hands claspt about their Heads others hold one and some both Arms stretcht out in the Air and a thousand such ridiculous Postures and all during Life Which Vows once made they sacredly observe notwithstanding the Observation of 'em is attended with exquisite Pain Most of the Indians believe that the River Ganges hath a sanctifying Quality whereupon they flock thither at certain Seasons in vast multitudes to plunge themselves therein Dispers'd through the Mogul's Dominions is a considerable number of Jews and upon the Sea-Coasts are many European Christians all upon the account of Traffick Those Parts of India which receiv'd the Blessed Gospel in former times were instructed therein as is generally believ'd by the Apostle St. Thomas §. 2. The Peninsula of India within
the Ganges THIS large Country comprehending several Kingdoms abovemention'd was term'd Peninsula Indiae intra Gangem by the Ancients particularly the Romans and that upon the account of its Situation being within or on this side the River Ganges in respect of the Empire of Persia or Western Parts of Asia The Air of this Country is generally very hot yet in most of the Maritime Places 't is frequently qualifi'd by cold Breezes from the Sea The opposite Place of the Globe to this Peninsula is that part of the Pacifick Ocean between 230 and 245 Degrees of Longitude with 17 and 25 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Peninsula is for the most part extraordinary Fertil producing all desirable Fruits Roots and Grain besides vast quantities of Medicinal Herbs The longest Day in the Northmost Parts of this Country is about 13 Hours ½ the shortest in the Southmost is 11 Hours ½ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Metals Silks Cottons Pearls Drugs Dates Coco's Rice Ginger Cinnamon Pepper Cassia c. In several places of the Kingdom of Decan is a noted Tree call'd by Travellers the Nure-Tree whose Nature is such that every Morning 't is full of stringy Red Flowers which in the heat of the Day fall down in Showers to the Ground and blossoming again in the Night it daily appears in a new Livery 2. In the Island Salsete adjacent to Goa are vast Receptâ—â—les cut out of the main Rock one above another some of â—em being equal in bigness to a Village of Four hundred 〈◊〉 and adorn'd throughout with strange frightful Statues of 〈◊〉 representing Elephants Tygers Lyons Amazons c. 3 In the Island Conorein near Bombay belonging to the 〈◊〉 is a City of the same Name having divers large Heathen Temples and many other Appartments all cut out of the firm Rock Which stupendious Work is attributed by some to Alexander the Great but that without any shew of probability 4. In another adjacent Island belonging also to the Portuguese and call'd Elephanco from a huge Artisicial Elephant of Stone bearing a young one upon its Back is another Idolatrous Temple of a prodigious bigness cut out of the firm Rock 'T is supported by sorty two Pillars and open on all sides except the East where stands an Image with three Heads adorn'd with strange Hieroglyphicks and the Walls are set round with monstrous Giants whereof some have no less than eight Heads 5. At a City in the Kingdom of Decan known to Travellers by the Name of Dungeness is another Heathen Temple much the same with that above-mention'd Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universittes None The Natives of the various Provinces of this Peninsula are much the same in Manners with those in the Southern Parts of the Mogul's Dominions already mention'd The chief of the Indian Tongues in this Peninsula are Two viz. the Carabine mostly in use about Goa and the Gazarate which is spoken in Bisnagar and the Coasts of Coromandel In this Peninsula are a great many Princes who assume to themselves the Title of Kings the chief of them being those of Calicut Cochin Cananor Crangâ—ner Travancor and Taner besides which are several sorts of People in various parts of this Country who acknowledge Subjection to none of these nor to any other nor can they accord among themselves being commonly divided into various Parties who pitisully harass one another and those on the Coast of Malabar are much addicted to Pyracy What are the true Ensigns Armotial of these Indian Princes or if any is mostly conjectural all we find of 'em is that some in Decan and Cambaia bear Verte enâ—ompass'd with a Coilar of large precious Stones The Inhabitants of this Peninsula are generally Mahometans especially those who live near the Sea-Coasts but People residing in the Inland Parts are gross Idolaters worshipping not only the Sun and Moon but also many Idols of most ugly and horrible Aspects and in some Parts of Decan they look upon the first Creature they meet with in the Morning as the proper Object of their Worship for that Day except it be a Crow the very sight of which will consine them to their Houses the whole Day In most of the Sea-Port Towns and Places of Trade are Jews in considerable numbers and many European Christians especially those of our English Factories Christianity was first planted in this Country much about the same time with the Mogul's Empire Of which already §. 3. The Peninsula of India beyond the Ganges THIS last Division of India is term'd the Peninsula beyond the Ganges because of its Situation it lying beyond that famous River in respect of the other Peninsula or the Western Parts of Asia in general The Air of this Peninsula is somewhat different according to the Situation and Nature of the various Parts of that Country yet generally esteem'd indifferent healthful and temperate enough considering the Latitude of those places The opposite Place of the Globe to this Peninsula is that part of Nova Zelandia between 210 and 230 Degrees of Longitude with 1 to 24 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying under the 1st 2d and 3d North Climate is extraodinary Fertil producing in great plenty all sorts of desirable Fruits and Grain besides 't is well stockt with invaluable Mines and great quantity of precious Stones yea so vastly Rich is this Country that the Southmost part thereof viz. Chersonese d'or is esteem'd by many to be the Land of Ophir to which King Solomon sent his Ships for Gold The longest Day in the Northmost parts is about 13 Hours ½ the shortest in the Southmost near about 12 Hours and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Gold Silver precious Stones Silks Porcelline Earth Aloes Musk Rhubarb Alabaster c. Among the Rarities of this Country we may reckon the Golden House in the City of Arracan being a large Hall in the King's Palace whose inside is intirely overlaid with Gold having a stately Canopy of Massy Gold from the Edges of which hang above an hundred Combalenghe or large Wedges of Gold in form of Sugar-Loaves Here also are seven Idols of Massy Gold of the height of an ordinary Man whose Foreheads Breasts and Arms are adorn'd with variety of precious Stones as Rubies Emeralds Saphires and Diamonds In this Hall are also kept the two famous Caneques i. e. two Rubies of prodigious Value about which the Neighbouring Princes frequently contending have drawn Seas of Blood from each others Subjects and all from a vain Opinion That the Possession of those Jewels carry along with them a just Claim of Dominion over the Neighbouring Princes Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None What was said of the Natives of the other Peninsula in point of Manners the same may be affirm'd of those inhabiting this The various Europeans here residing are much
the same in Manners with the respective People of Europe from whence they came The chief of the Indian Tongues in this Peninsula is that call'd the Malaye mostly us'd in Malacca but besides the various Indian Tongues both in the Mogul's Empire and the two Peninsula's the Portugueze Language is commonly understood and spoken in all Maritime Towns of Trade it being the chief Language that 's us'd in daily Commerce between the Franks and Natives of that Country In this Peninsula are a great many different States and Kingdoms particularly that of Pegu a very rich Kingdom subject to its own Monarch whose Sovereignty is acknowledg'd by divers other considerable â—ates as Asem Aracan and Tipra besides the Ancient Brachmans and other People living on the West of China as the Layes Timocoues Gueâ—es and Ciocangaes all Tributary to him Here also are the rich and flourishing Kingdoms of Tunquin and Cochinchin especially the former whose King is esteem'd a mighty Potent Prince able to bring into the Field vast multitudes of Men upon all occasions And lastly The King of Siam to whom a great many Princes are Tributary is esteem'd one of the richest and most Potent Monarchs of all the East and assumes as some alledge the Title of the King of Heaven and Earth and yet notwithstanding of his mighty Force and Treasure he is said to be Tributary to the Tartars and to pay them yearly a certain kind of Homage We find no satisfactory Account of what Ensigns Armorial are born by these Eastern Princes or if any at all The Inhabitants of this Peninsula are generally great Idolaters Those of Siam are said to maintain Pythagoras's Metempsychosis and commonly adore the four Elements Wheresoever Mahometanism prevails 't is generally intermixt with many Pagan Rites and Ceremonies as particularly in Cambodia on the River Menan in which City are almost three hundred stately Mosques not only well furnisht with excellent Bells contrary to the Turkish Custom elsewhere but also with a great many Idols of all sorts In the Kingdom of Pegu they have a great Opinion of the Sanctity of Apes and Crocodiles believing those Persons very happy who are devoured by them They observe yearly five Solemn Festivals call'd in their Language Sapans and distinguish'd by the Names of Giachie Cateano-Giaimo Segienou Daiche and Donon Their Priests are call'd Raulini and are divided into three Orders distinguish'd by the Names of Pungrini Pangiani and Xoxom They have also many Hermits whom they divided into Grepi Manigrepi and Taligrepi who are all in great esteem among the People Christianity was planted here much about the same time with the other Peninsula already mention'd SECT IV. Concerning Persia  d. m. Situated between 70 30 of Long. It s greatest Length from E. to W is about 1440 Miles 97 00 between 25 40 of Latit Breadth from N. to S. is about 1260 Miles 44 30 It 's divided into many Provinces but chiefly those towards the North viz. Scirvant Chief Town Derbent W. to E. Giland Gilan Cherassan Heret Middle viz. Erach Ispahan W. to E. Sablestan Bost Sigistan Sitzistan South viz. Cusistan Susa W. to E. Fars Schiras Kirman Gombroon Macran Titz THIS Country known to the Ancients by the same Name and some others but of a much larger Extent than at present is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards Persia by the French Perse by the Germans Persien and by the English Persia so call'd as many alledge from one of its Ancient Provinces nam'd Persis or according to others from Perses an Illustrious Lord in the Country of Elam who for his Merit is said to have obtain'd the Government of the People and to have call'd both Country and Inhabitants after his Name But finally others do eagerly plead for an Hebrew Etymology deriving the Name from the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. Equites For 't is reported of the Inhabitants of this Country that before the Reign of Cyrus the Great they seldom us'd to Ride or knew very little how to manage a Horse and that such was their Dexterity afterwards in managing Horses that this Country is said to assume its Name from that Animal For the strengthning of which Opinion they farther observe that the Title of Persia is not found in those Books of Holy Scripture which were written before the time of Cyrus The Air of this Country is very temperate especially towards the North beyond the vast Mountain of Taurus but in the Southern Provinces 't is scorching hot for several Months The opposite Place of the Globe to Persia is part of Mare del Zur between 250 and 280 Degrees of Longitude with 25 and 40 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 3d and 4th North Climate is very different for in the Northern Parts adjacent to Tartary and the Caspian Sea the Ground is very barren producing but little Corn and few Fruits But South of Mount Taurus the Soil is said to be extraordinary fertil the Country pleasant and plentiful of Corn Fruits Wines c. affording also some rich Mines of Gold and Silver The longest Day in the Northmost Parts is about 14 Hours ¾ the shortest in the Southmost is 13 Hours ¼ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are curious Silks Carpets Tissues Manufactures of Gold Silk and Silver Seal-Skins Goat-Skins Alabaster and all sorts of Metals Myrrh Fruits c. This Country among its chief Rarities doth yet boast of the very Ruins of the once proud Palace of Persepolis so famous of old and now call'd by the Inhabitants Chil-manor signifying forty Pillars which imports that so many were standing some Ages ago but at present there 's only nineteen remaining together with the Ruins of above eighty more Those Pillars yet standing are of excellent Marble and about fifteen Foot high for a particular Draught of 'em with the Copy of several Inscriptions in unknown Characters Vid. Philos Trans N. 201 and 210. 2. In the City of Ispahan is a large Pillar sixty Feet high consisting purely of the Skulls of Beasts erected by Shaw Abas the Great upon a Sedition of his Nobles who vowed to rear up a Column of their Heads as a Monument of their Obloquy to after Ages if they persisted in Disobedience but they surrendring upon Discretion he ordered each of 'em to bring the decollated Head of some Beast and lay at his Feet which was accordingly done and of them he made the aforesaid Pillar in lieu of a Column of their own Heads 3. One of the Emperor's Gardens at Ispahan is so sweet and delicate a place that it commonly goes by the Name of Heste Behest i e. Paradice upon Earth and the Royal Sepulchres of the Persian Monarchs are indeed so stately that they deserve to be mention'd here 4. About thirty Miles North East of Gombroon is a most hidious Cave which for its formidable Aspect is term'd Hell's
Gate by our English Travellers who have pass'd that way 5. At Genoe about twelve or fourteen Miles North of Gombroon are some excellent Baths esteem'd very good against most Chronical Distempers and much frequented for all inveterate Ulcers Aches and such like 6. Within five Leagues of Daâ—â—an is a prodigious high Pike of the same Name from whose top cover'd all over with Sulphure which Sparkles in the Night-time like Fire one may clearly see the Caspian Sea though an hundred and eighty Miles distant and nigh to this Sulphurous Pike are some famous Baths where there 's a great resort of People at certain times of the Year Lastly In several Parts of Persia are Mountains of curious black Marble and Springs of the famous Naphtha with variety of other Minerals Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Persians are a People both of old and as yet much given to Astrology many of them making it their chief Business to search after future Events by Astrological Calculations They are naturally great Dissemblers Flatterers and Swearers as also very Proud Passionate and Revengful excessive in their Luxury Pastimes and Expences much addicted to Tobacco Opium and Coffee yet with all they are said to be for the most part very respective to their Superiors Just and Honest in their Dealings and abundantly Civil to Strangers And most of those who betake themselves to Trades prove very Ingenious in making curious Silks Cloath of Gold and such like The Persian Language having a great Tincture of the Arabick is reckon'd not only much more polite than the Turkish but is also esteem'd the modish Language of Asia It 's divided into many particular Dialects and the Characters they use are mostly Arabick As for pure Arabick that 's the School-Language of the Persians in which not only the Mysteries of the Alcoran but also all their Sciences are written and is learn'd by Grammar as Europeans do Latin This large Country is wholly subjected to one Sovereign namely it s own Emperor commonly stil'd The Great Sophi of Persia whose Government is truly Despotical and Crown Hereditary the Will of the King being a Law to the People and he Master of all their Lives and Estates his numerous Subjects render him a kind of Adoration and never speak of him but with the greatest Respect As most of the Asiatick Princes affect very vain and exorbitant Titles so does the Persian Monarch in particular he being generally stil'd King of Persia Pâ—â—thia Media Bactria Chorazon Condahor and Herl of the 〈◊〉 Tartar of the Kingdoms of Hyrcania Draconia Evergeta Paâ—â—â—nia Hydaspia and Sogdiana of Aria Paropaniza Draâ—gâ—â—ta Arachosia Mergiana and Carmania as far as stately Indus Sultan of Ormus Larr Arabia Susiana Chaldea Mesopotamia Georgia Armenia Sarcashia and Uan. Lord of the Imperial Mountains of Ararat Taurus Cancasus and Periardo Commander of all Creatures from the Sea of Chorazan to the Gulf of Persia Of true Descent from Mortis-Ally Prince of the four Rivers Euphrates Tygris Araxis and Indus Governor of all the Sultans Emperor of Mussulmen Bud of Honour Mirror of Virtue And Rose of Delight Many and various are the Opinions concerning the King of Persia's Arms It being affirm'd by some that he beareth the Sun Or in a Field Azure By others a Crescent as the Turkish Emperors with this difference that it hath a Hand added to it By others Or with a Dragon Gules By others Or with a Buffalo's Head Sable But the most receiv'd Opinion is that he beareth the Rising Sun on the Back of a Lion with a Crescent The Inhabitants of this Country are for the most part exact observers of Mahomet's Doctrine according to the Explication and Commentaries made by Mortis Hali. They differ in many considerable Points from the Turks and both Parties are subdivided into various Sects between whom are tossed many Controversies with flaming Zeal on either side The main Point in debate between them is concerning the immediate Successors of Mahomet The Turks reckoning them thus Mahomet Aboubekir Omar Osman and Mortis Hali. But the Persians will have their Hali to be the immediate Successor and some esteem him equally with Mahomet himself and call the People to Prayers with these words Llala-y-lala Mortis Aly vellilula for which the Turks abhor them calling them Rafadi and Cassars i. e. Schismaticks and themselves Sonni and Musselmen which is true Believers They differ also in their Explication of the Alcoran besides the Persians have contracted it into a lesser Volumn than the Arabians after Gunet's Reformation preferring the Immaman Sect before the Melchian Anesian Benefian or Xefagans broached by Aboubekir Omar and Osman from which four are sprung above seventy several sorts of Religious Orders as Morabites Abdals Dervises Papasi Rafadi c. Here are many Nestorian Christians as also several Jesuits and many Jews The Christian Religion was first planted in this Country by the Apostle St. Thomas SECT V. Concerning Turky in Asia  d. m. Situated between 48 00 of Long. its greatest Length from S. E. to N. W. is about 2100 Miles 82 00 between 13 30 of Latit Breadth from N. to S. is about 1740 Miles 45 30 Comprehending six great parts viz. Natolia Chief Town Bursa lying Westward Arabia Medina found from S. to N. Syria Aleppo Diarbeck Bagdat Turkomania Arzerum Georgia Teflis Each of the foregoing Parts comprehends several Provinces as Natolia Natolia propria Chief Town Bursa Northward W. to E. Amasia Idem Caramania Cogni Southward W. to E. Aladuli Maraz Arabia Bâ—riaâ—a or Arabia Deserta Anna N. to S. Barraab or Arabia Petrea Herat Ayman or Arabia Faelix Medina Syria Syria propria Aleppo N. to S. Phoenicia Demask Palestinc Jerusalem Diarbeck Diarbeck Diarbekir N. to S. Arzerum Mosul Yerack Bagdat Turcomania Turcomania propria Arzerum W. to E. Curdes Van Georgia Mengralia Fasso W. to E. Gurgestan Teflis THIS vastly extended Body being divided as aforesaid into six great Parts viz. Natolia Arabia Syria Diabereck Turcomania and Georgia we shall particularly Treat of the first three and that separately they being most remarkable and then take a General View of all the rest conjunctly and that under the Title of the Euphratian Provinces Therefore §. 1. NATOLIA THIS Country formerly Asia Minor in contradistinction from Asia the Greater is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards Natolia by the French Natolie by the Germans Natolien and by the English Natolia or Anatolia so call'd at first by the Grecians because of its Eastern Situation in respect of Greece 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Air of this Country is very different being in some Provinces very pure and healthful in others extremely gross and pestilentious The opposite Place of the Globe to Anatolia is that part of the Pacisick Ocean between 235 and 250 Degrees of Longitude with 34 and 38 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 5th and 6th North Climate is extraordinary
Ethiopid Exterior THIS Country unknown to the Ancients together with Abyssinia abovemention'd is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards Ethiopia by the French Ethiopie by the Germans Ethiopien and by the English Ethiopia so call'd from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Uro and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vultus upon the account of its excessive Heat the greatest part thereof being in the Torrid Zone This Ethiopia is stil'd Exterior because of its Situation in respect of the other This vast Body comprehending several Kingdoms Empires and Sovereignties and those mightily extended from South to North can't reasonably be suppos'd to enjoy the same Nature of Air in all its Parts In Biafara and Congo 't is extreamly hot and would be intollerable to the Inhabitants were it not qualified in the first of these Kingdoms by daily Showers of Rain and in the other by violent Winds which frequently blow from the Western Ocean In Monomotapa and Monoemungi as also the Coasts of Cafres the Air is much more temperate in Zanguebar very unwholesome and in Ajan and Abex extreamly hot The opposite Place of the Globe to Ethiopia Exterior is part of 〈◊〉 Zu◠lying between 210 and 250 Degrees of Longitude with 10 Degrees South and 25 Degrees North Latitude The various Divisions of this great Body being situated in different Climates particularly the 1st 2d 3d Northern and the 1st 2d 3d Southern the Soil must of necessity be very different Biafara is said to be less fertil than Congo The Empires of Monomotapa and Monoemungi do produce abundance of Grain and are generally esteem'd very fit for Pasturage The other Divisions on the East and South-East of the Abyssines are for the most part very Barren in all sorts of Grain yet productive enough of some Sugar-Canes several kinds of Fruit and Spices as also furnish'd with some considerable Gold and Silver Mines and every where abounding with Elephants and Lyons So rich were those Mines found by the Portugueses in Zanguebar and several Parts of the Cafres that the Country about Sofala hath been lookt upon by some Modern Geographers as the much controverted Land of Ophir The longest Day in the Northmost Parts is 13 Hours ½ the shortest in the Southmost 9 Hours ¾ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commoditities of this Country are Gold Silver Amber-Gris some Pearls and Musk Rice Mill Cattle Lemons Citrons Ivory and Oyl c. In the Kingdom of Angola is found the Quoja-Marrow that remarkable Creature of whom already in Guinea p. 311. 2 Most sorts of Creatures in Congo are to be seen also in Angola particularly a Serpent call'd Minià by the Inhabitants of Quoja and Embamma by the Angolois which is reported to be of such a prodigious bigness that he 's said to swallow a young Deer at one Morsel 3. In divers Lakes of Angola particularly those of Quihaite and Angolone are frequently seen some Water-Monsters term'd Ambisiangulo and Pesiengoni by the Natives but Europeans give them the Title of Syrenes because when taken they fetch heavy Sighs and cry with a dolorous Tone resembling very much the mournful yet charming Voice of a Woman 4 In the Island Levando is a remarkable Tree call'd by the Inhabitants Eusada and Arbor de Raiz i. e. Arbor Radicum by the Portugueze It derives this Name from the Nature of its Branches which spring forth on all sides from the Trunk where 't is generally three Fathoms in Diameter and many of 'em bowing so low as to touch the Ground take root and spring forth anew till by their weight they bow down again and take Root the second time and so on till they cover a thousand Paces in Circuit and able to lodge under its Branches three thousand armed Men who may find Defence not only from Heat but also Rain so thick and numerous are those Filaments and so well lin'd with Leaves 5 In several Parts upon and South of the River Coanza are considerable Mines of Rock-Salt For these and several other Remarkables of this Country Vid. Dapper of Africa Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The various Inhabitants of these many and vastly extended Countries are generally a Dull Savage and Swarthy kind of People among whom a great many remarkable Customs prevail To instance only in a few It 's reported of the Emperor of Monomotapa that when e're he Drinks in publick the whole Court doth jointly put up their Prayers in his behalf and that with a very loud Voice which being heard in the Neighbourhood all Persons there living are bound to do the same as likewise others hearing them and so on whereby the whole City or Country adjacent is always sensible when the Emperor takes his Glass In the Kingdom of Loango are many Canabals and in several places 't is as usual to sell Human Flesh publickly in Shambels as other Nations do commonly Beef and Mutton In the same Kingdom 't is establish'd by an Ancient Custom That when e're a Father deceaseth his Goods belong not to the Children but his own Brothers or Sisters who are bound to take care of such of the little Ones as they think are not able to care for themselves To add no more We read of another Custom yet more uncouth among a certain People inhabiting the Cafres which is That when e're a Father deceaseth the Children both Old and Young are oblig'd to lose the little Finger of their Left-hand and to bury it with him For deferring the performance of that painful Duty they 're commonly very tender of their Parents Health and take all care imaginable to prolong his Life which was probably the Original Cause of so strange a Practice But of all the Inhabitants of these various Countries there 's none more observable for their manner of living than a certain People near unto and upon the Cape and commonly call'd by the Name of Hottantots They 're so term'd from a frequent Repetition of that or such like word and may be reckon'd the most Nasty and Brutish of all reasonable Creatures having nothing save the Shape of Man that can lay claim to that noble Character Their Bodies are usually besmear'd with common Grease or some worse stinking Stuff which occasions a very loathsome smell Their ordinary Habit is a Sheep-Skin just as 't is pull'd off from the Carcase and they use as Ornaments the Guts cum puris Naturalibus wrapt about their Legs and Arms two or three Inches deep on which they frequently feed when scarce of fresh Provisions Notwithstanding of the unparallel'd nastiness of this People yet some Travellers talk of a certain Inland Canibal Nation term'd Cobonas who make frequent Incursions into their Neighbouring Countries and spare none they catch no not the Swinish Hottantots themselves who 't would seem should make but a very unsavory Repast There is a wonderful variety of Languages in those various and vastly extended Countries which go under the Name of Ethiopia Exterior The Inhabitants of Congo
call'd by the Portugucze at their first Discovery of it Anno 1429. because wholly over grown with Trees the word Madeira signifying a Wood. The Air of Maderas being very Temperate considering the Latitude of the Island is generally esteem'd very healthful to breath in That Place of the Globe opposite to Madera is part of the vast Occidental Ocean between 180 and 182 Degrees of Longitude with 32 and 33 Degrees of Southern Latitude The Soil of this Island is very fertil producing in great plenty most sorts of excellent Fruits and a kind of Wine that 's much esteem'd off being fit to keep for a long time both by Sea and Land The length of the Days and Nights in this Island is much the same as in Zaara on the main Continent they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of this Island are excellent Wine and most sorts of desirable Fruits as also Honey and Wax c. What mostly deserves the Epithet of Rare on this Island is that excellent Quality either of its Air or Soil or both which like our Neighbouring Island Ireland proves mortal to all Venomous Animals none such being found here or able to live if brought thither from abroad In the side of a Hill nigh Fonzal is a remarkable Fountain whose Waters do sometimes issue forth in such abundance that the adjacent Parts of the Island are then subject to a terrible Inundation Archbishopricks None One Bishoprick viz. that of Fonzal or Funchale which is Suffragan to Lisbon The Inhabitants of this Island being Portugueze are much the same in Manners with those on the Continent but more vitiously enclin'd if that can be well suppos'd being mighty Proficients in their common Crimes of Theft and Murther The Portugueze here residing do still retain their own Language This Island belonging to the Crown of Portugal is rul'd by a particular Deputy whose place of Residence is commonly at Tonza The Inhabitants of this Island being Portugueze as aforesaid are of the same Religion with that publickly profess'd in the Kingdom of Portugal Having thus considered in particular the most remarkable of the African Islands proceed we now in pursuance of our propos'd Method to take a General View of all the rest or those that are less remarkable Now such Islands to be very brief being strangely scatter'd up and down the Ethiopick and Atlantick Oceans do mightily differ in their Air and Soil according to the various Climates they lie in and in none of 'em is any remarkable place except only the Isle of Zocotora in which is a Town of the same Name As for the chief Observables relating to their Inhabitants particularly their Manners Language and Religion we may sufficiently learn the same only by naming those several States or Sovereigns on the Continent to whom these Islands belong they being generally peopl'd and possess'd by some of them Their present Possessors then in short are as followeth Less remarkable Islands being Zocotora is possess'd by the Arabians Comore the Natives St. Thomas the Portuguexe The Princes Island the Portugueze Annobon the Portugueze St. Helena the English Ascension Island not inhabited And so much for Africa and the African Islands Now followeth CHAP. IV. Of AMERICA Divided page 44. into North comprehending Mexico or N. Spain Capital City Mexico N. Mex or Granada S. Fee Florida Coca Terra Canadensis Boston Terra Arctica South comprehending Terra Firma S. Feede Bagota Peru Lima. Land of the Amazons Brasil S. Salvador Chyli S. Jago Paraguay Assumption Terra Magellanica Terra Antarctica To these add the American Islands Of all which in Order Therefore SECT I. Concerning Mexico or New Spain  d. m. Situated between 259 00 of Long. its greatest Length from S. E to N. W. is about 2520 Miles 297 00 between 08 50 of Latit Breadth from E. to W. is about 840 Miles 30 00 Divided into Audience of Guadalajara C. T. Idem N. W. to S. E. Audience of Mexico Idem Audience of Guatimala S. Jago de Guat Guadalajara comprehends the Provinces of Cinalod Chief Town S. Juan In the Midland from N. to S. New Biscay Barbara Zacaticas Zacatecas Guadalajara Idem Chiameltan St. Sebastian On the Sea Coast from N. to S. Xalisco Compostella Mexico comprehends the Provinces of Panuco Idem On Sinus Mexicanus from N. W. to S. E. Mexico Idem Mechoacan Idem Los Angelos Idem Antequera Idem Tabasco Port Royal Jucutan Merida Guatimala comprehends the Provinces of Soco Nusco Guevetland from N. W. to S. E. on the South Sea Guatimald S. Jago de Guat Nicaragua Leon Cost a Rica Carthago Veragua Conception Honduras New Valladolid From S. E. on N. W. upon Sinus Mexic Vera Pax Idem Chiapa Cividad real THIS Country discovered at first by John Grijalve but more exactly view'd and at last conquered by the Valiant Ferdinando Cortez Anno 15 18. is term'd by the Italians Spagna Novella by the Spaniards Nueva Espana by the French Nouvelle Espagne by the Germans Neu Spanien and by the English Mexico or New Spain call'd Mexico from the chief City thereof and New Spain to distinguish it from the Kingdom of Spain in Europe Notwithstanding this Country for the most part lieth within the Torrid Zone yet the Air is very temperate and generally reckon'd extraordinary wholsome to breath in being qualifi'd with refreshing Showers in the hottest Months and cool Breezes from the Sea all the Year The opposite Place of the Globe to New Spain is part of the East-India Ocean lying between 80 and 117 Degrees of Longitude with 8 and 30 Degrees of South Latitude This Country lying in the 3d and 4th North Climate is bless'd with a very fertil Soil producing many sorts of Grain as Wheat Barley Pulse and Maize several kinds of Fruits as Pomegranats Oranges Lemons Citrons Malicatons Cherries Pears Apples Figs Cocoa-Nuts and great plenty of Herbs Plants and Roots Here also are some rich Mines of Gold and Silver and vast and spacious Plains affording the best of Pasturage The longest Day in the Northmost Part of this Country is about 13 Hours ¾ the shortest in the Southmost 12½ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Wooll Cotton Sugar Silk Cochencel Feathers Honey Balm Amber Salt Tallow Hides Tobacco Ginger and divers Medicinal Drugs About three Leagues from Guayaca is the Stump of a Hollow Tree call'd Tlaco-Chavoya which was of a prodigious bigness when intire being then reckon'd sixteen Fathoms in compass near the Root and somewhat higher twelve Before 't was Thunder struck which occasion'd the hollowness no fewer than a thousand Men 't is said could conveniently shelter themselves from Rain under its wide extended Boughs 2 In several Parts of this Country grows a certain Tree call'd Maguey which may be said to yield Water Oyl Wine Honey and Vinegar For the Body of the Tree being big and hollow
all Countries of the World it may sufficiently appear in general That the Christian Religion is of a very small Extent if exactly compar'd with those many and vast Countries wholly overspread with gross Idolaters numerous Mahometans and many others who either know not or at least own not the Blessed Messias But more particularly this great and sad Truth may farther appear by the following Calculation ingeniously made by some who dividing the inhabited World into thirty Parts do find that Nineteen of them are possessed by Blind and gross Idolaters Six Jews Turks and Saracens Two Those of the Greek Church Three Those of the Church of Rome Protestant Communion Thus Christianity taken in its largest Latitude bears no greater Proportion to the other grosly false Religions than five to twenty five This melancholy Consideration doth force me to bewail that woful neglect of the best Part of the Christian Church for not being so diligent as others are in endeavouring to abolish Heathenish Idolatry and that most lamentable Ignorance which as yet overshadoweth so great a Part of the inhabited World It 's undoubtedly well known that the effectual performance of such a Work as this would require no inconsiderable Stock of Money it being now impracticable to make Solemn Missions or qualify Men for them without considerable Charges and yet a sufficient Fund might be so easily rais'd that none could reasonably complain of the burden should the following Proposals be so happily made as to meet with a due Reception Did every Freeholder of the Three Kingdoms advance only for one Year the Five hundredth part of his yearly Incomes Did those Merchants of this great City who are particularly concern'd in our Foreign Plantations and daily imploy great multitudes of Pagan Slaves in their Service allow the Two hundreth part of one years Gain And finally did the Clergy of the Three Kingdoms whose Zeal in such a Matter would probably transcend others appropriate to this pious Use One hundredth part of their yearly Revenues I say did Priest and People thus unanimously combine together in carrying on this most Christian Design what an easy matter were it in a short time to raise such a Fund of Money that the Annual Interest thereof might sufficiently serve to send Yearly some Pious and Able Divines into all Quarters of the World And since Rational Methods might be taken to have several Pagan Tongues taught in our own Island a considerable part of the aforesaid Money might be likewise imploy'd to Educate a competent number of young Students of Theology in these Foreign Languages which number being still continued would serve as a choice Nursery to afford a constant Supply of able Men who might yearly go abroad and be sufficiently qualified at their first arrival to undertake that great Work for which they were sent But since the latter Part of the foregoing Proposal which imports that Europeans might learn some of the present Indian Languages doth seem impracticable to several by reason of the prodigious multitude of those Pagan Tongues and their vast variety of quite different Dialects Then we may follow the Example of the Ancient Romans whose Custom and Interest it was to extend their own Language with their Conquests and so extinguish in process of time the very Dialect of the Conquered Did we this in all Parts of our Western Empire which without doubt might be fully accomplisht in a few Generations by duly encouraging some hundreds of Christians to endeavour in the most alluring manner to instruct the younger sort of the Natives in the English Tongue Then in the next or following Age might we Address our selves to those blind Gentiles in our own Language and so instilling in them by degrees the Principles of Christianity might thereby in a short time bring in many thousands of Souls to the Sheepfold of the Pastor and Bishop of our Souls I think it needless to express how commendable such a Design would be in it self and how desirable the Promotion thereof should be to all who stile themselves Christians of what Party or Profession soever they are And I humbly suppose it might be a Work if unanimously minded by Christians more becoming the Followers of the Prince of Peace than to be Abettors of the frequent Jars and Broils of Christendom Besides there 's certainly nothing that could prove more beneficial to the Publick Good of this Nation and Particular Interest of the Crown of England for did most or many of the Natives understand and speak our own Language then might we not thereby more exactly discover the Inland Parts of these Countries and with greater security improve them to the greatest Advantage Might we not thereby make multitudes of idle wandring Indians very useful to our English Colonies and then chiefly imploy Europeans for the Guard and Safety of the Country Yea did many of the Natives but tollerably understand and speak the English Tongue then might we not in all human appearance Civilize them intirely in a short time and so add many thousands of new English Subjects to the English Empire All which are morally impossible now to be done since the numerous Dialects of their barbarous Jargon together with their own Barbarity are as so many Bars against such Undertakings Great Sirs Pardon these Proposals here offer'd to the serious Consideration of those whom they chiefly concern and give me leave to declare unto you how infinitely it would tend to the Glory of God the Good of his Church and Honour of our Nation did we sincerely endeavour to extend the Limits of our Saviour's Kingdom with those of our new Dominions and to spread the true Reform'd Religion as far as the English Sails have done for Traffick With what Anxiety of Mind and Fatigue of Body do we pierce into the remotest Countries of the World And all to heap up a little White and Yellow Earth or to purchase some things call'd Precious by Man which abstracting Human Fancy do differ nothing from common Pibble Stones and yet what a supine neglect doth attend us in doing that which would bring more Honour to our Holy Religion and prove at last more profitable to our selves than the actual Possession of all the Treasures in the Universe What a lamentable thing is it That those very Indians who border upon the English Pale not to mention some thousands of Negroes who slave in our Service should still continue in most wretched Ignorance and in stead of Knowing and Worshipping the True God should as yet reverence not only Stocks and Stones but also adore the Devil himself Christians Shall we covet and thirst after their Talents of Gold and yet keep hid in a Napkin that Talent entrusted to us Shall we greedily bereave them of their Precious Pearls and not declare unto them the Knowledge of the Pearl of Price No! no! Let us not act as others have done in making Gold our God and Gain the sole design of our Trading But let us effectually
appoint The Officers of State are eight in number viz. the Lord High-Chancellor Lord High-Treasurer Lord-President of the Council Lord Secretary of State Lord Treasurer-Deputy Lord Register Lord-Advocate and Lord Justice Clerk The Administration of Justice in Civil Affairs is lodg'd in the Lords of the Session who are Fifteen in number whereof One is President and to those are join'd some Noblemen under the Name of extraordinary Lords of the Session This Court is esteemed one of the most August and Learned Judicatories in Europe From it there lies no Appeal but to the Parliament which is now made up of the Peers the Commissioners of Counties and those of Free Burroughs The King's Person is always represented in Parliament by some Nobleman who bears the Title of Lord High-Commissioner The Distribution of Justice in Criminal Matters is commited to the Court of Justice which is compos'd of the Lord Justice General the Lord Justice Clerk and five or six other Lords of the Session who in this Bench are call'd Commissioners of Justiciary Over and above these two Supreme Courts of Justice there are a great many Subordinate Judicatories both for Civil and Criminal Affairs through the Kingdom as Sheriff Courts Courts of Regality and the like The Royal Arms of this Kingdom together with those of England and Ireland as they compose the Ensigns Armorial of the Monarch of Great Britain shall be particularly express'd when we come to England The Inhabitants of this Country excepting a few who still adhere to the Church of Rome and an inconsiderable number of Quakers are all of the Reform'd Religion yet with considerable Variation among themselves in some private Opinions and various Points of Church Discipline However the numerous Professors thereof are very sincere in their Principles and do generally practise conformable to their Professions No Christian Society in the World doth excel them for their exact Observation of the Sabbath day and few can equal them for their singular Strictness and Impartiality in punishing Scandals But lamentable are their Distractions of late in Matters relating to Ecclesiastical Polity and how fatal such Heats and Divisions both in this and the Neighbouring Kingdom may prove at last is alas but too well known to all thinking Persons among us The smallest Privateer belonging either to Brest or S. Malo's may easily Attack Board and Sink the Royal Britannia her self if she chance only to Spring a Leak under Water when her whole Crew are at Blows between Decks The Christian Faith according to the best Accounts was planted in this Country during the Reign of Dioclesian for by reason of that violent Persecution he rais'd in the Church many Christians are said to have fled from the Continent into the Isle of Great Britain and particularly as an Ancient Author expresly testifieth into that Part thereof In quam Romana Arma nunquam penetrârunt which without all doubt is Scotland especially the Northern Parts of that Country they being still possess'd by the Scots and never subject to the Roman Power St Rule or Regulus is said to have brought over with him the Arm or as some affirm the Lig of St. Andrew the Apostle and to have buried it in that place where now the City of St. Andrews stands These first Propagators of Christianity seem to have been a kind of Monks who afterwards by the beneficence of the first Christian Kings of Scotland came into the Seats and Possessions of the Pagan Druides a sort of Religious Votaries to the Heathen Gods and had their principal Residence or rather Monasteries in the Islands of Man and Jona and passed under the Name of Culdees ENGLAND bu Rob t. Morden ENGLAND  d. m. Situated between 12 00 of Long. its greatest Length from N. to S. is about 320 Miles 20 00 between 50 00 of Latit Breadth from E. to W. is about 290 Miles 55 50 Being divided into Six Circuits viz. Western Circuit Chief Town Salisbury Oxford Circuit Oxford Home Circuit Canterbury Northfolk Circuit Norwich Midland Circuit Lincoln North Circuit York Western-Circuit contains Cornwall Chief Town Launceston W. to E. Devonshire Exeter Dorsetshire Dorchester Hampshire Winchester Sommâ—rsetshire Bristol N. of Dorsetshire Wiltshire Salisbury Oxford Circuit contains Barkshire Redding N. of Hampshire Oxfordshire Oxford E. to W. Glocestershire Glocester Monmouthshire Monmouth Herefordshire Hereford S. to N. E. Worcestershire Worcester Staffordshire Stafford Shropshire Shrewsbury W. of Staffordshire Home-Circuit contains Essex Colchester E. to W. Hartfordshire Hartford Kent Canterbury E. to W. Surry Southwark Sussex Chichester South of Surry 〈◊〉 Norfolk-Circuit contains Norfolk Norwich E. to S. W. Suffolk Ipswich Cambridgeshire Cambridge Huntingtonshire Huntington Bedfordshire Bedford Buckinghamshire Buckingham Midland Circuit contains Lincolnshire Chief Town Lincoln E. to W. Nottinghamshire Nottingham Derbyshire Derby Rutlandshire Okeham E. to W. Leicestershire Leicester Warwickshire Warwick Northamptonshire Northampton S. of Leicestershire Warwickshire North. Circuit contains Yorkshire York S. to N. Durham Idem Northumberland Newcastle Lancashire Lancaster S. to N. Westmorland Appleby Cumberland Carlisle To England we here subjoin the Principality of Wales divided into Four Circuits each Circuit comprehending Three Counties vix 1. Those of Denbighshire Chief Town Denbigh N. to S. Flintshire St. Asaph Montgomeryshire Montgomery 2. Those of Anglesey Beaumaris N. to S. E. Carnarvenshire Carnarven Mâ—rionethshire Harlech 3. Those of Cardiganshire Cardigan N. to S. Carmarthènshire Carmarthen Pembrokeshire Pembrook 4. Those of Radnorshire Radnor N. to S. W. Brecknokshire Brecknock Glamorganshire Cardiff Besides the Six Circuits of England containing Thirty eight Counties and these Four of Wales comprehending Twelve there remain as yet two Counties unmentioned and which are not ordinarily reduc'd to any of these Circuits viz. Middlesex and Cheshire the first because of its Vicinity to London and the other as being a County-Palatine having its own Judges and Counsellors peculiar to it self These Two Counties with the Thirty eight abovemention'd in England and Twelve in Wales make Fifty two in all But since England and Wales are Two distinct Sovereignties one being a Kingdom and the other a Principality we shall seperately Treat of them both Therefore ENGLAND THIS Country the Ancient Anglia which with the rest of the Island made up the Renown'd Britannia or Albion is term'd by the Italians Inghilterra by the Spaniards Inglatierra by the French Angleterre by the Germans Engel-land and by the Natives England which Name is deriv'd from the Angles a People of Lower Saxony who Conquer'd the greatest Part of this Country and divided the same into Seven different Kingdoms But Egbert descended from the Angles having united this divided Nation and being the first Monarch of England after the Saxon Heptarchy ordered by special Edict above 800 Years after the Incarnation that the whole Kingdom should be term'd Engle-lond which Title in process of time hath turn'd into the present Name of England The Air of this Country is far more Mild Sweet and Temperate than