the Misfortunes of the Kingdom for they Leagued themselves with the lesser Tartars and put themselves into the Great Turks Protection Insomuch that we may safely say that the Invasion of the Swedes the Hostilities of the Muscovites the Irruption of the Transylvanians the Treachery of the Cossacks the Rebellion of whole Armies in Poland and Lithuania the different Factions of the Kingdom the Contests of the Neighbouring Nations gave a cruel Blow to this Crown and were the causes that moved the Great Turk to make War upon them Poland contains Ten great Divisions four to the West and upon the Vistula Poland Mazovia Cujavia and Prussia the Royal. Six toward the East and to the West of Borysthenes Lithuania Samogitia Polaquia Nigra Russia Volhinia and Podolia These Provinces have been gained for the most part either by Arms or Alliances They are divided into Palatinates the Palatinates into Castellains and the Castellains into Captainships They call the Government of places Starosties Besides these Provinces there is one part of Muscovia which was yielded to the Muscovite in the year 1634 after that Ladislaus the Fourth before he was King had the year before valiantly Relieved Smolensko and reduced to utmost Extremity an Army of an hundred thousand Muscovites who were constrained to ask him Pardon to save their Lives That Treaty which they call the Treaty of Viasma gained to Poland Smolensko Novogrodeck Sevierski Czernihou and other places The Truce for thirteen years beginning February 1667 leaves the Grand Duke of Muscovy in the Possession of Smolensko as also of that part of the Vkraine to the East of Borysthenes and regain'd to the Crown of Poland Dunenbourg Polâ—czk and Witepski Ducal Prussia where stands Konigsberg or Mons Regius a fair City University and Mart generally by our Seamen called Queenborow belonging to the Elector of Brandenburgh who is absolute Sovereign of it independent from Poland The City is so much the bigger because it incloseth two others within the same circuit of Walls Pinau and Memel are two Forts upon the Sea of the greatest concernment of any in that Dominion Curland is a Dukedom for which the Duke of the House of Ketler does Homage to the Crown His Residence is at Mitaw the chief of the Province of Semigallia in Livonia near this City Zernesky the Polish General and Lubermisky the great Chancellor vanquished the Swedish Army and killed 14000 upon the place And Vindaw was the Seat of the great Master of the Teutonick Order Poland the best Peopled is Divided into Vpper and Lower In the first stands Cracovia or Crackow the chief City in all Poland where the Kings and Queens are Crowned Inhabited by a great Number of Germans Jews and Italians encompassed with two strong Walls of Stone on the East-side is the Kings Castle on the West a Chappel where the Kings are Interred Upon the Confines of Silesia stands the City of Czentochow with the Cloyster of Nostre-dame of Clermont an extraordinary strong place and which the Swedes Besieged in vain twice in the Years 1655 and 1656. Sandomiria or Sendomierz a Walled Town and Castle upon a Hill. Lublin or Lublinium is a Walled Town with a strong Castle Environed with Waters and Marishes Here are held three great Fairs at the Feasts of Pentecost St. Simon and Jude and at Candlemas and much resorted unto by Merchants The Lower Poland though lesser than the Higher is nevertheless called Great Poland because it is more a part of the Kingdom than the other The City of Guesna there Seated in the Palatinate of Kalish is very Ancient and the Seat of the first Kings so called from an Eagles Nest which was found there while it was Building and which gave Occasion to the King of Poland to bear Gules an Eagle Argent Crown'd Beak'd and Armed Or bound under the Wings with a Ribband of the same Kalick Calisia is a Walled Town upon the Prosna naming the Country The Province of Mazovia only has above thirty or forty thousand Gentlemen the most part Catholicks Warsovia Warsaw is the Capital thereof and of the whole Kingdom in regard the General Diets are kept there and because its Castle is the Kings Court. In Cujavia stands the City Wladislau where the Houses are Built of Brick and the Lake Gopla out of which came the Rats that Devoured King Popiel Posnania or Posen is a Bishops See seated amongst Hills upon the River Warsa fairly built of Stone subject to Inundations chief of the Palatinate In which is also Miedzyrzecze a strong Town upon the Borders of Schlesia impregnably seated amongst Waters and Marshes Koscien a double Walled Town amongst dirty Marshes Sivadia Sirad a Walled Town and Castle seated upon the River Warsa naming the Country sometimes a Dukedom belonging to the second Sons of the Kings of Poland Lancicia Lancitz a Walled Town with a Castle mounted on a Rock upon the River Bsura Rava built all of Wood with a Castle naming the Palatinate Plozko and Dobrzin are two Palatinates on the other side of the Nieper Prussia Royal which belongs to the King of Poland are several Cities which the Knights of the Teutonick Order Built The Lakes and the Sea-Coast afford great store of Amber Marienburgh Mariiburgum is a strong Town where Copernicus was born a Town of good Trade with a fair Wooden Bridge over the Vistula Dantzick Gedanum one of the Capital Hans-Towns drives all the Trade of Poland and has not its equal over all the Baltick Sea It is a Free Town and is Priviledged to send Deputies to the States of the Kingdom The King of Poland has some Rights there upon Entry of Goods and upon the Custom The City of Elbing contends for Priority in the States of Prussia The Generous Resolution of the Towns-men to maintain the Authoriry of their King against the Swedes without accepting the Neutrality was the Preservation of the whole Kingdom Lithuania is the greatest Province of all those which compose the Estates of the Crown of Poland It received the Christian Religion 1389 United to Poland 1569. It has the Title of a Grand Dukedom wherein there are also to this day as many great Officers as in the Kingdom of Poland The Country is so full of Marshes and Sloughs that there is no Travelling in Winter for the Ice Vilna the Capital City incloses so many sorts of Religions that there is no City in the World where God is Worshipped after so many different ways unless in Amsterdam a Liberty too much allowed in most parts of Christendom but rara temporum felicitas There are also in Lithuania eight parts or Palatinates viz Breslaw Mâ—â—sco Mscizlaw Novogrodeck Poloczk Troki Vilna and Witepsk as also the Dutchy of Smolensko Novogrodeck Czernihou with the Territories of Rohaczow and Rzeczych and Sluckz whose chief places bears the same name other chief places of Note in Lithuania you may find in the Map. Samogitia is a Country where the Inhabitants live very poorly it hath no Palatinate
The last Kings of Tombote were reported to have great store of Gold in Bars and Ingots The Kingdom of Guâ—lâ—ta affords Millet Genehâ—a is rich in Cotton In that of Agades stands a City indifferently well built Borno formerly the Country oâ— the Garamanâ—es is inhabited by a People that have all things in common every particular person acknowledging them for his Children which are most like 'em the most flat nos'd being acconuted the most beautiful They of Senega trade in Slaves Gold-dust Hides Gums and Civets The Negro's there are very strong and therefore bear a better price those of Guiny are good but not so strong for which reason they are usua ly put to work within doors 'T is the Proverb That he that would have good service from a Negro must give him little Meat keep him to hard Labor and beat him often To the South of Niger lie several little Kingdoms that of Melli with a City containing six thousand Houses Gago abounding in Gold. Zâ—â—râ—g considerable for its â—rade Zâ—nfara fertile in Corn. To reckon any more of their Towns would be as tedious as unnecessary as being neither well peopl'd nor of any Trade And indeed all these Kingdoms and People are so little known that 't is not worth the time and pains to speak more of them I shall only say That the Arabian Geographer tells Wonders of Ghana or Cano of its Greatness Riches and Trade of its King Government Palace c. But how far to be credited must be left to those who have been in those parts the Portugals and Hollanders having been the chief Traders on these Coasts Of GVINY Giny is a long Coast of Land contained between the Cape of Sirra Leone on the West and the River Camerones on the East containing about seven or eight hundred Leagues in length and not above one hundred or one hundred and fifty in breadth It is divided into three principal Parts called Maleguete Guiny and Benin Under the Name of Malaguete is contained all that Land between the Capes of Sirra Leona and Palmâ—s and is so called from the abundance of Mâ—leguete a sort of Spice like Pepper but much stronger than that of India and of their Palm-trees they make Wine as strong as the best of ours Guiny extends from Cape Palmas to the River Voltas it is the largest and best known of all the three Parts its Coast from Cape Palmas to Cape three Punctas is called the Ivory Coast that which is beyond it is called the Cold Coast where are the Kingdoms of Sabou Foetu Accara and others The Kingdom of Benin which is the third Part hath more than two hundred and fifty Leagues in length Cape Formosa dividing it into two parts its principal City so called is esteemed the greatest and best built of any in Guiny the King thereof is said to keep five or six hundred Wives The whole Coast of Guiny is subject to such excessive heats that were it not for the Rains and the coolness of the Nights it would be altogether unhabitable It furnishes other Countries with Parrats Apes White Salt Elephants Teeth Hides Cotton Wax Ambergreefe Gold and Slaves The Natives are reputed to be presumptuous Thieves Idolaters and ver superstitious keeping their Festisoes day or Sabbath on the Thursday there is Saint George of the Mine built by the Portugals but now in the possession of the Hollander as also the Ports Nassau Cormentin and Axima To the English among others belongs Cape Corse and to the Danes Frederic's burgh The best City that belongs to the Negro's is Ardra toward the Coast in Benin 〈…〉 Govern'd by a King who sent an Embassador to Paris toward the end of the year 1670 for the settlement of a Trade The Baboons in Guiny do the Natives very great pieces of service For they fetch Water turn the Spit and wait at Table c. Nubia is three hundred Leagues in length and two hundred in breadth It preserves some remains of Christianism in the old Churches and in their Ceremonies of Baptism The Nubians are under a King who always keeps a Body of Horse upon the Frontiers of his Kingdom as having potent Enemies to his Neighbours the Abâ—ssius and Turkish Historians credibly relates that an Army of one hundred thousand Horse was rais'd and lead against one of the Governors of Egypt by a King of Nubia Out of this Country the Merchants export Gold Civet Sandal-wood Ivory Arms and Cloath The Nubians trade chiefly with the Egyptians of Caire and other Cities of that Country They have a subtile and penetrating Poyson an ounce whereof is valued at a hundred Ducats Insomuch that one of the principal Revenues of the King is in the Duties which he receives for the Exportation of this Poyson They sell it to strangers upon condition they shall not make use of it within the Kingdom There grow Sugar-Canes in the Country but the Natives know not what to do with them There are among them a sort of Bereberes of the Musselman Religion who travel in Troops to Cairo where they put themselves into service and return again as soon as they have got ten or twelve Piasters together The Capital Cities are Nubia and Dancala near to Nile The rest so little known that it suffices to see their names in the Maps A Relation made in the year 16 7 tell us That the King of Dancala pays a Tribute in Linen Cloath to the King of the Abyssius Geography is in some measure beholding to this Country as being the place that gave birth to that famous Nubian Geographer Of ETHIOPIA Or HABESSINIA HABESSINIA Seu ABASSIA at ETHIOPIA By R. Morden So little of Truth hath been communicated to this part of the World concerning Ethiopia that having met with the Ethiopick History of Job Ludolfus which is the most exact Account extant I have been the larger in taking an Abstract of it 'T is seated as this Author tells us in Africa above Egypt beyond Nubia between the eighth and sixteenth Degree of North Latitude contrary to all our Maps extant which extends it self to the fourteenth or fifteenth Degree South Latitude So that the length of it from North to South is not more than four hundred and eighty Miles of sixty to a Degree but according to the old Maps it was more than one thousand eight hundred of the same Miles and the length of it is about six hundred Miles from the Red-Sea at the Port of Bailleur to the River Nilus at the farthest limits of Dembea Towards the North it joyns to the Kingdom of Fund or Sennar by the Portugals Fungi a part of the antient Nubia towards the Fast it was formerly bounded by the Red-Sea But now the Turks are Masters of Arkiko the Island Matzua and all that Coast only the Prince of Dancale who commands the Port of Baylur is a Friend to the Abessines But the King of Adel a Mahumetan upon the straits of Bab-elman dab the Dreadful Mouth
of its Excellency in her Traffick and Commerce the goodness of her Air and general Fertility It is the least Part of all yet has produced the great Alexanders and Caesars of the Universe contains within its Bounds the principal Part of the Roman and Grecian Monarchies and which to this day furnisheth the other parts of the World with Colonies It s Scituation is all in the Northern Temperate Zone which free the Inhatants from the insupportable Heats of Africk and from those which also parch the more Southern Climes of Asia The Air is generally sweet and temperate unless in the remotest Countries of the North The Soil affords all sorts of Grain and Fruit of which the other Parts of the World are often in Want But her highest Glory and Prerogative is that she is not only Europe but Christendom and hath embraced the true Religion But alas the strange Schisms the shameful vices the lamentable dissentions the unchristian divisions about Ceremonies and Opinions are fatal Eclipses of her brightness and splendor who otherwise might justly have been stiled The Temple of Religion The Court of Policy and Government The Academy of Learning The Mistris of Arts and Sciences The Magazine of Trade The Nurse of Victorious and famous people And the Paradice of humane felicity The length of Europe is variously set down by Geographers Cluverius saith from the Cape of St. Vincent unto the mouth of the River Oby is 900 German or 3600 Italian miles I find that the true distance cannot be more than 50 degrees which multiplied by 73 for so many miles are found to be in a degree makes 3650 Geometrical or Italian miles Sansons Map of Europe makes the distance to be 55 degrees which multiplied by 73 makes 4015 which is 365 miles more than the greatest distance can be But the Great New Atlas tells us 't is 71 degrees of the Equator which multiplied by 73 makes 5183 which is but 1533 miles too large in the length of Europe Maginus tells us that the distance from Lisbon to Constantinople is 600 German or 2400 Italian miles The true distance I find cannot be more than 32½ which multiplied by 73 makes 2352 miles But Sansons Map makes the Distance to be 36 which makes 276 miles too much Heylin tells us that Europe is in length 2800 miles in breadth 1200 miles but from whence he begins or what miles he means the Reader cannot tell so that I think he had as good have said nothing The Breadth by Cluverius from Cape Matrapan of the Morea to the North Cape is reckoned to be 550 German or 2200 Italian miles Maginus makes it to be almost 600 German or 2400 Italian miles The true distance or difference of Latitude is 35 degr of the Equator which multiplied by 73 makes 2555 miles Sanson's Map makes it 38 degrees which makes 2774 miles which is 209 miles too much But the great Atlas tells us it contains about 44 degrees which makes 3212 miles 657 miles too large Toward the North Europe is bounded by the Northern Ocean otherwise called the Frozen Sea by reason of the continual Ice which incommodes those Parts Towards the West it is limited by the Western or Atlantick Ocean by the Mediterranean Sea toward the South and beyond that Sea by part of Africa As for the Eastern Bounds from the Mediterranean Sea to the North they are these The Archipelago or White Sea anciently called the Aegean Sea. 2. The Streight of Gallipoli or the Dardanells otherwise called the Arm of St. George and formerly the Hellespont 3. By Mar di Marmora formerly Mare Propontis 4. By the Streight of Constantinople or the Canal of Mar Maggiore formerly the Thracian Bosphorus 5. By the Black or Mar Maggiore formerly Pontus Euxinus 6. By the Streight of Caffa or Vespero otherwise the Mouth of St. John formerly the Cimmerian Bosphorus 7. By Mare Limen otherwise the Sea of Zabaique and Tanais formerly Palus Moeotis 8. By the River Donn or Tana formerly Tanais 9. By a Line drawn from the most Eastern Winding of Donn to the Northern Ocean near Obi Some there are that draw this Line more to the West from the Sources of Donn to the White Sea which is in Muscovy making Europe much less than it is Others inclose within the Limits of Europe all the Conquest of the Great Duke of Muscovie which are in the Asiatick Tartary Europe is divided into Continent and Islands which contain these Kingdoms or Estates viz. Towards the North the Isles of Great Britain containing the Kingdoms of England Scotland and Ireland the Principality of Wales with many Islands dependant upon them 2ly Scandinavia containing the Kingdoms of 1. Denmark with Norway and Sweden 3ly The several Kingdoms Dutchies c. of the Grand Czar of Russia and Muscovia 4. The Kingdom Estates c. of Poland and Lithuania Towards the Middle 1. The Northern Estates of Turkie in Europe viz. 1. Tartaria Europa Walachia Moldavia Transilvania and Hungaria 2. The Empire of Germania with its eight Electorates 3ly The Estates of the Republick of Switzerland The Seven Vnited Provinces The Ten Spanish Provinces 4. The Kingdoms of France with its Twelve Governments and late Acquisitions Towards the South 1. The Kingdoms and Principalities of Spain 2. The Kingdom of Portugal The Kingdoms and Estates in Italy The Estates and Dukedom of Savoy Piemont c. The Kingdoms and Isles of Sicily Sardinia and Majorca c. The Southern Estates of Turkie in Europe viz. Sclavonia Croatia Dalmatia Ragusa Bosnia Servia Bulgaria The Country of Greece containing the Kingdoms and parts of Romania or Thracia Macedonia Thessalia Albania Epirus and Graecia or Achaia and Peloponnesus or the Morea with the Isle of Negropont c. The Islands of Europe are seated either in the Ocean the Mediterranean or Baltick Seas The Islands lying in the Ocean are the British Isles aforesaid Sicily Sardinia Corsica and Candy are the biggest Islands in the Mediterranean The Islands of the Baltick Sea we shall speak of in the Description of Denmark We may consider the Estates of Europe according to their Titles without Regard to their Dignity and say that there is 1. The Estate of the Church or Pope in Italy 2. Two Empires Germany and Turkie The first half Monarchy half Commonwealth The latter only Monarchical 3. Seven Kingdoms every one Govern'd by their own Kings that acknowledg no Superior viz. England France Spain Portugal Swedeland Denmark and Poland That of France is most perfect and descends only to the Heirs Male ever since the Salique-Law The five other admit the Female All are Hereditary only Poland which is Elective There are moreover in Europe other lesser Kingdoms comprehended under these as those of Bohemia and Hungary under the Emperor of Germany That of Navarr under the King of France That of Naples in Italy Sicily Sardinia and Majorca under the Crown of Spain And those of Scotland and Ireland under the King of England 4. Eight
their first and more wonted name of Irish The first Onset it received by way of Invasion was by the Saxon Monarchs who made themselves Masters of some places but could not long continue in possession of them The next that in Hostile manner Visited it were the Northern Nations Danes Swedes and Normans who scowring along the Sea-coasts by way of Piracy and afterwards finding the weakness of the Island made an Absolute Conquest of it under the Conduct of one Tungâ—sus but were soon routed out by the Policy of the King of Meath After this the petty Princes enjoyed their former Dominions till the Year 1172 at what time the King of Leinster having forced the Wife of the King of Meath was driven by him out of this Kingdom who applying himself to Henry the Second of England for uccour received Aid under the Leading of Richard de Clare Sirnamed Strongbow Earl of Pembroke by whose good Success and the Kings presence the pâ—tty Kings or great Lords submitted themselves promising to pay him Tribute and acknowledg him their Chief and Sovereign Lord. But as the Conquest was but slight and superficial so the Irish submissions were but weak and fickle Assurances to hold in Obedience so considerable a Kingdom though the Charter was confirmed by Pope Hadrian So that it was not till the latter end of Queen Elizabeth's Reign that the same was wholly subjugated and the Foundation laid of a lasting Peace with Ireland which soon after was very far proceeded in by King James and fully perfected according to all Humane appearance by our Gracious Sovereign King Charles the Second So that now Ireland is a Flourishing Island Civil in its self and a good additional strength to the British Empire Ireland called by the Latins Hibernia by the Greeks Irnia by Pomponius and Sâ—linus called Juverna by Ptolomy Juernia by Orpheus Aristotle Strabâ— Stephanus and Claudianus Jerna by Eustathius Vernia by Diodorus Irim by the Welsh Yverdhon by the Inhabitants Eryn Irlandt Germanis Irlanda Italis Irlande Gallis Is in length 300 and in breadth 130 miles about half as big as England and was Anciently Divided into five Provinces each one a Kingdom in its self viz. 1. Leinster 2. Meath 3. Vlster 4. Connaught And 5. Munster But now the Province of Meath is reckoned for a Member or part of Leinster These four Provinces compose that Kingdom as beautiful and sweet a Country as any under Heaven being stored with many goodly Rivers Replenished with abundance of all sorts of Fish sprinkled with brave Islands and goodly Lakes adorned with goodly Woods full of very good Forts and Havens The Soil most Fertile and the Heavens most mild and temperate but not so clear and subtil as the Air in England and therefore not so favourable for the Ripening of Corn and Fruits as to the Grass for all kind of Cattel And in the Winter more subject to Wind Clouds and Rain than Snow or Frost It is an Island of great strength as well by Nature as Art by reason of its Situation in such dangerous Seas and the several Fortificaons and Castles that the English have built since they were Masters of it It s chief Rivers are the spacious Shannon the rolling Liffie the sandy Slany the pleasant Boyne the Fishy Banne swift Awiduffe or Blackwater sad Trowis wide Mayre now Bantry Bay the Woody Barrow the spreading Lee the Baleful Oure or Shoure Besides these Rivers there are several Lakes of which Lough Erne is the greatest being about 30 miles in length and 15 in breadth and this as all other of its Lakes are well stored with Fish The Irish have had the Character of being Religious by which perhaps some understand Superstitious Amorous Patient of Labour Excellent Horsemen and the meaner sort extreamly Barbarous till Civilized by the Neighbourhood and intermixture of the English yet still the wild Irish retain several of their absurd and ridiculous Customs accounting ease and idleness their greatest liberty and riches The Ecclesiastical Government of Ireland is committed to the care of four Arch-Bishops under whom are 19 Suffragan-Bishops The Temporal Government is now by one Supreme Officer sent over by the King of England who is called the Lord Lieutenant or Lord Deputy of Ireland who for Majesty State and Power is not inferiour to any Vice-Roy in Europe The present Lord Deputy is the Earl of Tyrconnel Their Laws are correspondent with those of England and they have their several Courts of Justice as Chancery Common-Pleas Kings-Bench Exchequer Courts of Parliament and Justices of the Peace in every County The Commodities of this Island are Cattel Hides Tallow Butter Cheese Honey Wax Furs Salt Hemp Linnen Cloth Pipe-staves VVool of which they make Cloth and several Manufactures as Freezes Ruggs Mantles c. Its Seas yield great plenty of C d-fish Herrings Pilchers and other Fish The Bowels of the Earth afford Mines of Lead Tin and Iron The Province of Leinster by the Natives called Leighingh contains the Counties of Kilkenny Caterlough Queens-County Kings-County Kildare East-Meath VVest-Meath VVestford VVicklo and Dublin in which are comprehended 926 Parishes whereof 47 are Towns of Note 102 Castles well Fortified by the English Vlster being the largest Province of all Ireland called by the Irish Cui Guilly is divided into the Counties of 1. Lough 2. Cavan 3. Fermanagh 4. Down 5. Monaghan 6. Armagh 7. Colvane 8. Dunnaâ—l or Tyrcâ—nnel 9. Tir-Oen And 10. Antrim In which are comprehended 214 Parishes whereof 14 are Towns of Note for Commerce and Traffique and 30 Castles for defence of the Country Connaught by the Irish Conaughly is divided into these five Shires or Counties 1. Iâ—trim 2. Roscommon 3. Majo 4. Mego 5. Galloway 6. Thomond or Clare-Country in which are comprehended but eight Towns of any consequence for Commerce and Traffique and a-about 24 Cas les of old Erection besides Fortresses as have been raised in its later Troubles the whole contains 366 Parishes Munster is now distinguished into the Counties of 1. Limâ—rick 2. Kery 3. Cork 4. VVaterford 5. Tipperary And in these Counties are comprehended 24 Towns of Note and Trading 66 Castles of old Erection including in the whole 80 Parishes It s chief places are 1. Dublin a City Rich and Populous as being the Metropolis of all the Island the Seat of the Lord-Deputy an Arch-Bishops See and an University Adorned with many fair Buildings viz. the Castle the Cathedral the Church the Arch-Bishops Palace the Collegiate Church called christ-Christ-Church the Town-Hall the Colledg c. 2. VVaterford the chief City of Munster on the River Shoâ—r a well Traded Port a Bishops See and the second City of the Kingdom endowed with many ample Priviledges Being safe and commodiously seated for the Use of Shipping for though a good distance from the Sea yet Ships of the greatest Burthen may safely Sail to and ride at Anchor before the Key and also for the conveniency of sending Commodities in smaller Vessels to several Towns in
Peerships and divers of new Creation a great number of Principalities Dukedoms Marquisates Earldomes Baronies and other Lordships Eleven Parliaments eight Chambers of Accounts 22 Generalities or Publick places of Receipt of the Kings Revenue There are four Principal Rivers the Seine whose Water is accounted the strongest in the World and more wholesome to drink than Fountain-water The Loire King of the French Rivers the Garonne most Navigable and the Rhone or Rosne most rapid By others thus Characterized the Loire the sweetest the Rhone the swiftest the Garonne the greatest and the Seine the richest The Seine riseth in Burgundy watering Paris and Roan disburdening it self into the English Channel The Sequana of Caesar The Loyre riseth about the Mountains of Avergne being the highest in France watering Nantes and Orleance and augmented with 72 lesser Rivers mingleth its sweet Waters in the Biscain or Gascogne Sea. The Ligeris of Caesar The Rhone or Rhosne springeth up about three miles from the Head of the Rhine watering Lions Avignon c. and taking in 13 lesser Rivers falleth into the Mediterranean Sea near Arles The Rhodanus of Caesar The Garone running from the Pyrenean Hills glideth by the Walls of Bourdeaux and Tholouse and with the addition of 16 other Rivers dilates it self into the Aquitain now Biscain Ocean The Garumna of Caesar The Mountains by Ancient Authors were the Gebâ—nna by Caesar Cammani Ptol. Ital. running along by Languedâ—c Chevennes and Avergne now les Sevennes The Jura Caes Jurassus Ptol. which divideth the French County from Savoy and the Swisses now called by several Names The Vogesus almost Encircling Lorrain and dividing it from Alsatia and Bourgondie now Dauge Mons c. There are several Divisions of France which respect the Church the Nobility the Courts of Justice and the Finances But it suffices here to say that the general state of the Kingdom was held Anno 1614 after the Majesty of Lovis the XIII and that then all the Provinces met under 12 great Governments Four of these Governments lie toward the North upon the Seine and those other Rivers that fall into it viz. Picardy Normandy the Isle of France and Champagne Towards the middle adjoyning to the Loire Bretagne Orlenoise Bourgogne Liâ—nnoise The other four toward the South near the Garonne viz. Guienne Languedoc Dauphine and Provence Under the Orlenoise is comprehended Maine Perche and Beauce On this side of the Loire Nivernois Tâ—uraine and Anjâ—u above the said River beyond it Poiciou Angoumois and Bâ—rry Burgundy hath Brest Under Lionnois are comprehended Lionnois Auvergne Bourbonnois and Marche Under Guienne is Bearne Gascogne and Guienne it self Saintonge Perigort Limâ—sin Querci and Rovergue Under Languedâ—c is Cevennes In each of these Governments are several great Cities the chief of which I shall speak of in Order viz. In Picardy the Storehouse of Paris for Corn is 1. Calais called by Caesar Portus Tecius Portus Britannicus Morinerum Plin. Prom. Icium Ptol. held by the English near 200 Years being taken by Edward the III. after eleven Months Siege in Anno 1347. and unfortunately lost by Queen Mary 1557. seated opposite to Dover in England from which it is distant about ten Leagues A strong Town of great Importance and accounted the Key of France Not far from Calais at a place called Agincourt was the Flower of the French Nobility taken and slain by King Henry the Fifth of England viz. 5 Dukes 8 Earls 25 Lords 8000 Knights and Gentlemen and 15000 common Soldiers 2. Bulloign Cesoriacum Navale Ptol. Portus Morinorum Plin. Civit. Bononensium Ant. Portus Gessoriacus of Caesar a strong Frontier-Town taken by Henry the VIII of England 1544. at which time the Emperor Maximilian bore Arms under the English Cross 3. Amiens Samarobrina Caes Samarobriga Ptol. Civit. Ambianensis Ant. a Walled Town seated upon the Seine well Fortified with an Impregnable Cittadel built by Henry the IV. But most Famous for its Cathedral so beautified within and adorned without that 't is the fairest and most lovely Structure in the West of Europe 4. St. Quintin Augusta Romanduorum Ptol. Civit. Veromannorum Ant. Quinctinopolis Fanum St. Quinctine in Scriptis Gall. two Leagues from Augusta Veromanduorum now Vermand Baud. Crecie the French Cannae famous for their great Overthrow and the Victory of the English in the Reign of Philip the Sixth A strong Frontier-Town Memorable for the Battel there Anno 1557. where King Philip the II. of Spain with the English under the Command of the Earl of Pembroke overthrew the whole Forces of the French. Laon a Bishops Sea whose Bishop is one of the Twelve Peers of France Laudunum Ant. Soissons Augustata Vessonum Ptol. a Bishops See the last place the Romans held in Gaul driven out by Clovis the Fifth 5. Guise of most Note for the Dukes of Guise a Family that in a little time produced two Cardinals and six Dukes besides many Daughters married into the best Houses of France In Normandy formerly Neustria are 1. Rouen or Roan Rothamagus Ptol. Rotomagentium Ant. seated on the Banks of the River Seine over which there is a Famous Bridge of Boats. Taken by Henry the Fifth after six Months Siege where were famished 50000 and 12000 Starvelings turned out of the Town An Arch-Bishops See and Parliament In the Chief Church called Nostre-Dame is the Sepulchre of John Duke of Bedford It is a place of as great a Trade as any in France and one of the Principal Cities where Exchanges are used 2. Dieppe a City of some Trade being a common Landing-place for the English in their Passage into France And is famous for its fidelity and allegiance to Henry the Fourth when the Guisian Faction in derision called him King of Dieppe 3. Falaise once a strong Town Memorable for the Story of Arlet the Skinners Daughters of whom Duke Robert begat William the Conqueror in spight to whom and disgrace to his Mother the English call Whores Harlots Here also was the Roy d' Juidot and Verneil when besieged by Philip the Second of France King Richard the First of England to keep his promise broke through the Palace of Westminster and raised the Siege Haure de Grace Newhaven by the English in Latin Franciscopolis a Cautionary Town to Queen Elizabeth Portus Gratiae of old Auranches Ingena Ptol. Civit. Abrincantum Ant. Constances Constantia Ant. Cherbourg Caesaris Burgum a strong Sea-coast Town Bayeux Cit. Bajocassium Ant. Caen Cadomum graced with a University founded by King Henry the Fifth King of England and the Abbey with the Tombs of William the Conqueror and Maud his Wife Lyseux Cit. Lexoviorum Ant. Eureux Mediolanum Ptol. c. The third Government is the Isle of France whose City is Paris formerly Lutetia because seated in a Clayie Soil A City that for its Riches Power and Number of Inhabitants may contend with any in Europe Seated on the Seine and on a Soil so fertile that no City knows such Plenty 't
Toledo Burgos Compostella Sevil Granada Valencia Sarrogossa and Tarragon There are several very considerable Sea-Ports Passagio St. Andrews Coruna Cadiz Cartagena Alicant c. Biscaie formerly called Cantabria is Mountainous and Woody which furnish them with Timber to build more Ships than all the Provinces of Spain besides It hath also so great a Number of Mines and Iron Forges that the Spaniards call it the Defence of Castile and the Armory of Spain The Biscayners who were the Ancient Cantabrians enjoy very great Privileges and boast themselves never to have been thoroughly Conquered either by the Romans Carthaginians Goths or Moors They use a different Language from that of the other Inhabitants of the Country and is said to be the ancient Language of Spain for as they remained in their Liberties not Mastered so in their Language not altered They differ from the rest of Spain also in Customs yielding their Bodies but not their Purses to the King not suffering any Bishop to come amongst them and causing their Women to drink first because Ogno a Countess would have poysoned her Son Sancho The Land as well as in the Country of Guipuscoa is very well Tilled for they pay neither Tax nor Tenth nor Right of Entry Their chief Cities are Bilboa and St. Sebastian places of great Trade especially in Wool Iron Chesnuts and Bilboa Blades Great Vessels cannot come near Bilboa being seated two miles from the Ocean but upon a High tide It was built or reedified out of the Ruins of the ancient Flaviobriga of Ptol. by Diego de Harro 1300. The Port of St. Sebastian has a very fair Entrance being Defended by two Castles the one toward the East seated high the other to the West upon a low Rock St. Andero and Passagio are two Excellent Ports Fuentarabia the stronger place and further Town in Spain and Guataria the Native place of Sebastian Cabot who was the first that compassed the World in the Ship called the Victory Magellanus who went Chief in that Expedition perishing in the Action Laredo Portus Lauretanus hath a spacious Bay. Placenza upon the River Denia is inhabited by Blacksmiths Tolosa upon the Orio River Asturia called by some the Kingdom of Oviedo is the Title of the Eldest Sons of the Kings of Spain being called Princes of Asturia The younger Children whereof are called Infants ever since the Reign of John the First Hence were the small but swift Horses which the Romans called Asturcones the English Hobbies It was the Retreating place of the Kings of the Goths and several of the Bishops during the Invasion of the Moors for which Reason Oviedo Lucum Asturum of Ptol. Ovetum the Capital City thereof is called the City of Kings and Bishops and indeed gave Title to the first Christian Kings after the Moorish Conquest for as the Lust of Roderick a Gothish King of Spain first brought in the Moors so the Lust of Magnutza a Moorish Viceroy proved the overthrow and loss of the Kingdom Other Towns are Aviles on the Sea-shore near Cape de los Penas of old Scythium Prom. Galicia is not so fertile as well Peopled its former Inhabitants were the Gallaici whence it had its Name St. Jago Compostella which Bishoprick and University is there Famous for the Pilgrimages which are thither made by those that go to Visit the Reliques of St. James the Spaniards Patron Coruna by the English the Groine is often mentioned in our Spanish Wars in Queen Elizabeths days The Flavium Brigantium of Ptol. Brigantium of Ant. Strong and the chief Bulwark of Galitia is memorable for the goodness and largeness of her Port The Rich Silver Fleet of above thirty Millions put in there in the year 1661 to avoid the English who to surprize it had way-laid all the Points of the Compass to Cadiz Lugo is the Lucus Augusti of Ptol. and Ant. the Lucus of Plin. now a Bishops See. Orense is the Aquae Calida of Ptol. the Aqua Caleniae of Ant. a Bishops See. Tuy is the Tude of Ptol. Tyde Plin. a Bishops See. There are about forty other Ports in this Province of which Rivadeo Ponte Vedra Bajona are the most considerable Andaluzia formerly Vandalitia from the Vandals By Pliny Conventus Cordubensis is so fair a Country and so plentiful in Corn in Wine and Olives that it passes for the Granary and Magazine of the Kingdom Sevil in this Province is the Magazine of the Wealth of the New World. The Hispalis of Strab. Ptol. and Plin. It is in compass six miles compassed with stately Walls and adorned with no less Magnificent Buildings insomuch that there is a Spanish Proverb Chi non ha Vista Sevilla non ha Vista Meravilla He that at Sevil hath not been Structure's Wonder hath not seen The River Baetis or Gaudelquiver separates it into two parts which are joined together by a stately Bridge from hence the Spaniards set forth their West-India-Fleets and hither they return to unload the Riches of the Western World. It is Dignified with an University wherein studied Avicen the Moor Pope Silvester the Second here also were two Provincial Councils held Anno 584 and 636. and the See of an Arch-Bishop who is Metropolitant of Andaluzia and the fortunate Islands Here was Isodore Bishop From hence comes our Sevil Oranges and here lies the Body of Christopher Columbus Famous for his Discovery of the New World. Not far from hence are to be seen the Reliques of the Italica of Strab. Ptol. and Ant. the Ilipa Italica Plin. the Country of the Emperors Trajan and Adrian now an obscure Village about a League East from Sevil. Cordova that Honoured Antiquity with Lucan and the two Seneca's and was more considerable in the time of the Moors than now The Principal Church was formerly one of the biggest Mosques among the Muhumetans next to that of Mecca Corduba of Strab. Ptol. and Mela a famous Colony of the Romans and Head of a particular Kingdom so called now a Bishops See and Seat of the Inquisition for this Province Jaen is the Oningis or Oringis of Livi teste Moral taken by Scipio Africanus from the Carthaginians Ecya is the Astigi of Plin. Astygis of Ptol. the Astrapa of Liv. taken by Lucius Martius or rather destroyed by the Inhabitants read Sir W. Rawleigh fol. 744. Iliturgis Ptol. Ilurgis Illiturgis Plin. Iliturgi Liv. Lietor teste Marian Aldea el rio Car. Clusio Andujar Floriano Andujur el viejo Amh. Moral Castulo Ant. Castulon Ptol. Plin. Castaon Strab. Caslono Car Clusio Caslona la voja Florian. between Alcazar and Baeza seated on the Guadelquiver not on the Ana as Heylin saith which being under the Romans was surprized by the Gerasenis but slain by Sertorius entring after them at the same Gate built 100 years before the War of Troy teste Mariana Here Hanibal is said to have took his Wife Himilce and was one of the last Towns that held out for the Carthaginians the chief City of the
delicious part and so well Peopled that for 18 Leagues in Length and 12 in breadth it contains above 130 Monasteries well endow'd 1460 Parishes 5000 Fountains of Spring-water two hundred Stone-Bridges and six Sea-Ports some call it the Delight and Marrow of Spain Porto by the Dutch and by the English Port a Port a City containing about 4000 Houses is a place of great Trade and Braga Braecaria Augusta of Ptol. Bracara of Ant. and Braecae of Plia is renown'd for the several Councils that have been held there and for the pretension of the Arch-Bishop who claims to be Arch-Bishop of all Trales-Montes is stored with Mines and adorn'd with the City of Braganca the Capital of a Dukedom of 40000 Duckets Revenue wherein there are also fifty little Towns and other Lands which Entitle the Duke of Braganca to be three times a Marquis seven times an Earl and many more times to be a Lord. The Princes of that Name who are now in Possession of the Crown usually Resided at Villa Viciosa and had a Prerogative beyond the Grandees of Spain to sit in publick under the Royal Canopy of the Kings of Spain Beyra is fertile in Rye Millet Apples and Chesnuts Her City of Coimbra formerly the Residence of Alphonsus the first King of Portugal who enjoyed a longer Soveraignty than any Prince since the beginning of the Roman Monarchy attained to faith Heylin Sapores the Son of Misdales King of Persia whose Father dying left his Mother with Child and the Persian Nobility set the Crown on his Mothers Belly before she was quick came short of him by two years is famous for the University and for the Bishoprick which is reckon'd to be worth above a hundred thousand Livres of Annual Rent Estremadura produces Wine Oyl Salt and Honey which the Bees there make of Citron Flowers and Roses her City of Lisbon Oliosippon of Ptol. Olisipon of Ant. Olysippo of Solynus and Olysipo of Pliny a Municipium of the Romans sirnamed Faelicitas Julia the Royal Seat of the Kings of Portugal an Arch-Bishops Sea the Residence of the Vice-Roys a flourishing Empory situated upon five rising Hills upon the right Shore of the River Tagus Tajo incolis about 5 Miles from the Ocean having the advantage of the Ebbing and Flowing of the Sea. It is said to contain 32 parish-Parish-Churches 350 Streets 11000 dwelling Houses 160000 Inhabitants besides Church-men Strangers and Courtiers and with the Suburbs about 7 Miles in compass the Capital City of all the Kingdom one of the fairest richest the biggest and best peopled of Europe The little Town of Belem which is near to it is the Burying-place of many of the Kings of Portugal Santarim is so happy in the great number of Olives that grow round about it that the Natives boast that they could make a River of their Oyl as big as Tagus It was the Scabaliscus of Ptol. the Scabalis of Ant. and Pliny sirnamed Praesidium Julium then a Roman Colony and a juridicial Resort named from St. Irene a Nun of Tomar here martyred and enshrined Setubal the Salatia of Ptol. is well situated and well built and is a Town of good Trade it is the best Haven in all the Kingdom 30 Miles long and 3 broad her Salt-pits and her Wines by what the Portuguezes relate bring a greater Revenue to their King than all Arragon to the King of Spain Alen teio passes for the Granary of Portugal by reason of the Corn which it produces The City of Evora claims the next place in Dignity to Lisbon In the year 1663 the Portuguezes overthrew the Spaniards in a memorable Battel near to this City Elvas is famous for its excellent Oyls and for the Sieges that it has prosperously held out against the Spaniards Ourique is the place where was fought that famous Battel which occasioned the Proclaiming the first King of Portugal Portelegre is a Bishops See Beja is supposed to be the Pax Julia of Plin. and Ptol. Algarve tho small in extent it assumes the Title of a Kingdom and was reunited to the Crown by the Marriage of Alphonsus the 3d with Beatrice of Castile It produces Eggs Olives Almonds and Wines which are very much esteemed and indeed the word Algerbia in the Language of the Moors signifies a fruitful Champaign Chief Towns are Tavila or Tavira the Balsa of Ptol. and Plin. Faro is seated near the Cuncum Promontorium now Capo St. de Maria. Silves is the ancient Ossonaba of Ptol. the Onoba of Mela the Sonoba of Strabo by the Moors Excuba by the Spaniards Estoy by some Estomber Lagus is seated near the Promontorium Sacrum of Strab. and Ptol. now Cape St. Vincent from the Relicks of the Holy Martyr brought from Valentia by the persecuted Christians flying the Cruelty of Abderrahman the first King of the Spanish Moors removed afterwards to Lisbon by King Ferdinand Of Italy ITALIA by Robert Morden at the Atlas in Cornhil London ITaly Anglis Italia Incolis Hispanis Italic Gallis Welschlandt Germanis Wolska Zemia Polonis Vloska Sclavonice called also by the Ancients Ausonia Camesena Oenotria Hesperia Janicula Salevmbrona Saturnia c. once Empress of the then known World still the fairest and most delicious Country of Europe After so long time so many Ages elapsed it is not certainly decided who were her first Inhabitants nor whether some one Nation did plant here after the Confusion of Babel or that it was peopled by little and little as several Nations did arrive 't is equally dubious whether it received its general Name at first or whether particular Parts had first their Appellations 'T is certain that several Nations at sundry times did transport themselves thither from Greece and Peopled all the Sea-Coast said to be Janus An. Mun. 1925. after whom came Saturn out of Creet Evander or Oenotrus out of Arcadia with their followers after them arrived some Trojans under the conduct of Aeneas whose kind entertainment by Latinus King of the Latins occasioned the Wars between him and Turnus King of the Rutuli but after the Romans grew Potent all Italy fell under their Subjection until the time of Honorius after which several barbarous Nations viz. Goths Vandals Herules and the Huns passing the Alps over-ran all Italy and divided it into several Kingdoms And when these were ejected or at least subdued by the Lieutenants of the Emperor Justinan it was once more united to the Empire till the Empress Sophia envying Narsis Honour recalled him from his Government whereupon he opened the Passage of the Country to Albonius King of the Lombards who possessed themselves of that Country calling it by their own Name Longobardia These were at length subdued by Pepin King of France who was called into Italy by the Bishop of Rome After that the Seat of the Roman Empire being fixed in Germany Italy was reduced into several Parcels and Factions so that the Soveraign Princes thereof at this day are 1. The Pope Pontifex Maximus under whose Dominion are these
Stato del Duca di Parma of Modena Ducatus Mutinensis Stato del Duca di Modena of Mantoua Stato del Duca di Mantoua the Territories of the Venetians Stato di Venetia and the Bishoprick of Trent 2. The middle part wherein are the Dominions or Land of the Church Stato della Chiesa or Ditio Ecclesiae The Estates of the Great Duke of Tuscany or Ditio Magni Ducis Heturiae sou Tuscio And the Commonwealth of Lucca Dominium Reipublicae Lucensis 3ly The Lower in which is the Kingdom of Naples Regno di Napoli 4ly To which we may add a fourth viz. the adjacent Isles Sicilia Sardinia Corsica c. Of Savoy and Piedmont SAVOY and Piedmont by Rob. Morden THE Ancient Inhabitants of this Mountainous Country were generally called by the Name of Allobroges of whom the first mention we find in Story is the Atonement made by Hannibal in his passage this way between Bruneus and his Brother about the Succession of the Kingdom afterwards subdued by the Romans under the several Conducts of C. Domitius Aenobarbus and Qu. Fabius Maxianus After which Coctius one of the Kings of these Allobroges was in special Favour with Augustus Caesar whence it had the Name of Alpes Coctiae and by that Name reduced into the form of a Province by Nero. In the declining of the Roman Empire it became a part of the Kingdom of Burgundy and passed with other Rights to the Empire of Germany Amadis the II. Earl of Maurienne was by the Emperor Henry the IV. Invested with the Title of Savoy And Amadis the VIII Created the first Duke by Sigismund Anno 1397. But the main Power and Patrimony of this House was by the Valour of the two Earls Thomas and Peter in the years 1210 and 1256 who got by Conquest a great part of Piedmont to which the Marquisate of Saluces was United by Marriage of the Daughter to Charles Duke of Savoy whose Successors kept Possession of it till Francis the First pretending some Title to it in Right of his Mother a Daughter of the House of Savoy annexed it to the Crown of France from which it was Recovered during the Civil Wars of France by the Savoyards about 1588 by whom 't is still possessed By Reason of the difficult and narrow Ways and those full of Thieves it was once called Malvoy but the Passages being opened by the Industry of the People and purged of Thieves by good Laws it was called Savoy or Salvoy Sabaudia Lat. Savoia Italis La Savoye Gallis It is full of those Mountains which we call by a general Name of Alps though several Branches have their peculiar Names Mount Cenis and little St. Bernard open the two most considerable Passages into Italy 'T is a Country Healthy enough but not very Fruitful except some Valleys which are very fertil and delighful The Common People are Naturally Dull and Simple and unwarlike but the Gentry Civil and Ingenious It passes for the most Noble and primier Dukedom of Christendom the Power and Presence of whose Dukes are the more considerable because Masters of the most part of the Passages out of France into Italy and by the Possession of Piedmont the County of Nice and other Signories Under the name of Savoy are comprehended these six parts Sabaudia propria La Savoye Genevensis Comitatus Le Genevois Mauriana La Maurienne Tarantaisia La Tarantaise Fossiniacum Le Fossigny Cabillicus Tractus Le Chablais Chambery Cambericum Camberiacum or Cameriacum Civaro Cic. teste Caenali Forum Vicontii teste Pineto is the Capital City of the Dukedom and the Residence of a Parliament Fortified with a strong Castle and good Outworks Montmelian Monmelianum is the place of strength with a Cittadel that defends the rest of the Mountains almost inaccessible where they say the Keys of Savoy are Locked up Monstiers Monasterium is an Arch-Bishops See the Civitas Cantorum of Ant. Annecy Annecium was the Residence of the Bishops of Geneve Ripaile was the Retiring place of Felix the IV. before and after his Pontificate that Prince living at peace in such a retirement from business that it became a Proverb To live at Ripaile of those that only took their pleasure and lived at ease Other Places are Cluse Clusae Fannum Sancti Johannis St. Jean in Mauriena Valle. Thonon Thononium or Thunonium Le Bourg St. Morice In the Mountains bordering on this Country and France are the Progeny of the Albigensis which about the year 1100. stood for the Liberty of the Church and the Doctrine of their Predecessors and about the year 1250. they were almost utterly ruined by the Popes and French Kings The remainder preferring their Conscience before their Country retired up into the Mountains and by their Industry and good Husbandry made the very Rocks to bring forth Herbage for their Cattel and here they worshipped God according to the Reformed Churches until the latter end of Francis the First when happend the Massacre of Merinianum or Marignan Gallis and Chabrieres And in the year 1662. and 1663. they were again persecuted and Massacred by the Savoyards Mr. Ray in his Travels of 1663. met with some of the Protestants of Lucern and Angrona at Turin who told him that they were in number about 15000 Souls and 2000 Fighting-men that they dwell in 14 Villages that they are the only Protestants in Italy and have maintained their Religion 1200 years But what hath been done to them since 1684. History is silent Within the Limits of Savoy is the Signory of Geneva about eight Leagues in compass seated on the Lake Lemanus divided into two parts by the Rhosne well fortified and a flourishing University Governed by a Common Council consisting of 200 the four chief whereof are called Sindiques The Church-Government consisteth of Lay-men and Ministers begun by Calvin Anno 1541. Formerly it was the Soveraignty of the Duke of Savoy and therefore mentioned in this place but since the resistance of the great Siege 1589. they have stood on their own Liberty and reckoned a Commonwealth Of Piedmont Piemont Gallis Principatus Pedemontana Lat. Gallia Subalpina Plin. c. IT is now in the possession of the Duke of Savoy The ancient Inhabitants whereof were the Salassi Libyci and Taurini all vanquished by the Romans subdued afterwards by the Lombards of whose Kingdom it remain'd a part till its subversion and then became divided into several Estates till conquered by Thomas and Peter Earls of Savoy in Anno 1481. Possessed after by the French upon pretence of a Title by the aforesaid Marriage after recover'd by the Savoyard Anno 1588. And in the year 1600 compounded with Henry the Fourth the County of Brest being given in Exchange for the Marquisate of Salusse Marchesato di Saluzzo Italis whose chief place is Saluzzo Ital. Saluce Gal. Augusta Vagiennorum Salinae Ptol. of which together with the rest of Piedmont and some places of importance in Montferrat this Family of Savoy do now stand
yielding Fruits Wax Honey and Cattel It s chief City beareth the same Name and by Sanson is the Jol and Julia Caesaria of Plin. Strab. c. seated near to the Sea having a Castle and Palace formerly the abode of its Kings now of its Governours other places are Brisch alias Brexcar the Icosium of Plin. and Mela. Sans But Castal and Molet tell us Icosium is Acor Meliana is on the Mountains so is Beni Abucaed and Guanser the Zabacus of Ptol. which can raise two or three thousand Horse and fifteen or sixteen thousand Foot. Mostagan is the Cartenna of Mela. Ant. and Ptol. Marm. Mazzagran Cast Circilli Etrobio The Government of Algier comprehends likewise that of Couco in the Mountains Built on the top of a Rock whose Governors have often disputed their Liberty with the Deys of Algier These Mountains are two or three days Journey long and their Approaches difficult They yield Olives Grapes and especially Figs which is the Kings principal Revenue As also Iron and Salt-Peter the Plains afford Corn and Cattle The Inhabitants are Bereberes and Azuages well armed and couragious The Metropolis of this Province is Algier or Argier Incolis Gezier the Antient Jol built by King Juba afterwards the Julia Caesaria Plin. teste Marmol But Sanson will have Algier to be the Ruscurian of Plin. the Rusaccurran of Ant. the Rhusuccorae Ptol. But Marmol will have Ruscarar to be Garbele Castaldus will have Algier to be Saldâ—e of Plin. Ant. and Ptol. 'T is one of the richest and best inhabited Cities of all Africa by reason of the Pyracies of the Inhabitants upon the Ocean and Mediterranean It is said to contain fifteen thousand Houses and near as many Gardens round about it abounding with store of pleasant Fruits with their Fountains and other places of delight The Air about Algier is pleasant and temperate the Land hath excellent Fruits as Almonds Dates Olives Raisins Figs some Drugs c. The Plain of Mottia fifteen or sixteen Leagues long and eight or ten broad is so fertile that sometimes it yields an hundred for one and bears twice a year But most of the Inhabitants live by their Pyracy which doth so much enrich the place that Cardinal Ximenes was wont to say That they that could take Argier would find Mony enough in that Town to Conquer all Africa Among the Tombs without the City is remarkable that of the fairest Cava Daughter of Count Julian of Bettica who having been ravished by Rodoric King of the Goths was the cause of the Moors descent into Spain The Emperor Charles the Fifth lost before Argier the fairest Navy he ever had in his life The City of Temendfust or Mansora is about six Leagues from Algier the Iomnium Municipium of Ptol. the Lamnium Ant. teste Sans or Caffen teste Mol. Teddeles or Taddeles twenty Leagues from Algier is the Rusipisis teste Sans Saldae Merc. Cercelle or Sarcelle near Albatel or Sargel is the Rusicibar Ptol. the Rusubiticari Ant. teste Baud. Couco is a separate Kingdom in the Mountains of so difficult access and so strong that it maintains its Liberty said to be the Tubusuptus Ptol. teste Baud. The Province of Bugia lies between the Rivers Major and Sufgemar or Suffegmar the Ampsaga of Mela and Ptol. teste Marmol And hath for its chief City Bugia a large City adorned with many sumptuous Mosques s me Monasteries and Colleges for Students in the Mahometan Law and Hospitals for the Relief of the Poor guarded with a very strong Castle The Igiâ—gili Castal Tabaâ—ra or Tabraca Fazellâ— Baldae M l. Marmol aliis Lubâ—z makes a separate Estate above Bugia and consists only in Mountains of so difficult access that they are scarce forced to pay Tribute Calaa is the Chief Fortress and Residence of their Zâ—que or King. Tâ—zli and Caco de Teleâ—ta are at the foot of the Mountains Necaus is the most pleasant place of all Barbary every House hath its Garden and every Garden is so embellished with Flowers Vines Fruits and Fountains that it seems a Terrestrial Paradise The Baga and Bagaia Divo Augustino Lib. Conc. Vaga Ptol. and Sil. Vaganse Op. Plin. teste Marmol and Vagal Ant. The Province of Constantina hath sometime had its Kings This Province is divided into three Parts or Quarters viz. that of Constantina Bona and Tebessa Constantina which the Moors or Arabians call Cosantina the Antients Cirtha or Cirta Julia which in Roman History was the Residence of many Kings of Numidia as Massinissa and Syphax This Cirta was besieged and taken by Massinissa where Sophonisba the Daughter of Asdrubal Syphax's Queen was who had so many Attractions and Charms that in the same day she was Captive and Wife to Massinissa who that she might not be led in Triumph through Rome poysoned her self It s situation on a Mountain which hath but two Avenues the rest being Precipices makes it strong Bona is the Antient Hippo regius the Bishop's See of St. Augustine ab Africanis Bened Vgneb teste Marmol Vaga Silio Aliis Biserta Vecchia Razamilara teste Baud. Tebessa the Ancient Thereste is said to excel all other Cities in Barbary in three things in the force of its Walls beauty of its Fountains and great number of its Walnut-trees Collo is the Collops Magnus of Ptol. Mabra is the Aphrodium Colonia teste Mol. Castal Stora is the Rusicada of Plin. Ptol. and Mela teste Mol. and Marm. The Genovese have a Fortress in the Isle Tabarca And the French a Bastion between the Isle Tabarca and Magazin called Bastion de France for the security of their Fishing and Commerce These two Provinces of Bugia and Constantina contain the Numidia propria of the Ancients Guzuntina incolis teste Marmol A Country which hath suffered great Changes under the Romans Vandals Moors and afterwards by Barbarossa Of TVNIS THE Kingdom of Tunis was the Native Country of Amilcar Hannibal Asdrubal Mago and Massinissa And Christianism also is beholden to it for the birth of St. Augustine Tertullian St. Cyprian Lactantius Fulgentius The Kingdom of Tunis is divided into four Maritim Governments and three or four Inland ones The Maritim are Biserta Goletta Sousa and Africa The Inland ones are Beija Vrbs Cayroan to which some add a part of Billedulgerid and contains the Africa propria of Old In qua Punica Regna vides Tyrios Agenoris urbem Virg. Lib. 1. Aeneidos The Libyphaenices Liv. Libophaenices Plin. Libophaenicia apud Salustium This City grew from the Ruins of Carthage once formerly Romes great Rivaless and the Capital City of a large Territory first built by Dido Anno Mundi 3070 about an hundred forty and three years before Rome and two hundred and ninety years from the destruction of Troy. Tunis is now one of the fairest Cities in Barbary a place of great Traffick and much frequented affording several good Commodities viz. Saffron Wax Oyl raw and salted Hides hard Soap Variety of Fruits Wool