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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A15863	The discouerie and conquest of the prouinces of Peru, and the nauigation in the South Sea, along that coast And also of the ritche mines of Potosi.; Historia del descubrimiento y conquista del Peru. English	Zárate, Agustin de, b. 1514.; Nicholas, Thomas, b. ca. 1532.	1581 (1581)	STC 26123; ESTC S111812	127,592	201

THE DISCOVERIE AND CONQVEST of the Prouinces of PERV and the Nauigation in the South Sea along that Coast. And also of the ritche Mines of POTOSI THE RICHE MINES OF POTOSI ¶ Imprinted at London by Richard Ihones Febru 6. 1581. The strange and delectable History of the discouerie and Conquest of the Prouinces of Peru in the South Sea And of the notable things which there are found and also of the bloudie ciuill vvarres vvhich there happened for gouernment Written in foure bookes by Augustine Sarate Auditor for the Emperour his Maiestie in the same prouinces and firme land And also of the ritche Mines of Potosi Translated out of the Spanish tongue by T. Nicholas Imprinted at London by Richard Ihones dwelling ouer against the Fawlcon by Holburne bridge 1581. TO THE RIGHT HOnourable Maister Thomas Wilson Doctor of the Ciuill Lawe and one of the principall Secretaries to the Queenes most excellent Maiestie TVllius and Caius Plinius wrote that neither Posie nor Rethoricke seemed sweete or delectable without the ornament of eloquence Yet an Historie of whatsoeuer sorte it be written dooth please and delight because men may thereby knowe the successe of things happened to the knowledge whereof the nature of man is bent yea the tale of a Plowman is sometime delightfull to the hearer especiallie when any new thing is discouered And where the stile of this historie in our English tongue is not nor at the least I cā not polish as learned mē might require Yet the troth and pith of the matter vttered in plaine sort shall suffice giuing licence as much as in me lieth to whosoeuer that will take the paines to write it ouer againe to beautifie the same as to him or them shall seeme conuenient as often times hath happened among the Greeke and Latine Historiographers and Translators The Author of this woorke right honorable was a Gentleman of woorshipful stocke or linage he was highlie esteemed of the Emperour Charles the fift vnto whose Maiestie he was sometime Secretarie in his roiall counsel of iustice and afterward ordained Auditor of accompts of the reuenues appertaining to his Maiestie in the Prouinces of Peru and firme lande This well minded Gentleman after the writing of this Historie feared the publishing hereof for two principall causes The one least the discendent of such as had committed things not woorthie of praise would conceaue some euill oppinion of him or els the issue of the vertuous and noble sort would iudge the praise and commendations of their progenitors sufficiently set foorth according to their deserts In consideration whereof he called to remembraunce the oppinion of Horatius which was that no Historie should come to light vntill nine yeares were fullie past after the action thereof This oppinion liked him not but rather thought it more cōuenient that Histories● woorthie of writing should abide in scilēce for the space of lxxxx yeeres thinking that in so manie yeares space the linage and ofspring of the one sort might consume and the race of the noble and vertuous to be contented vvith the commendation of their Auncestors The Kinge of Spaine that now is hauing perused the originall Copie of this Historie requested mine Author to publish the same in Printe and in accomplishment of his Maiesties commaundemēt he hath so doone And the Englishing of foure bookes of his worke I most humbly here present vnto your Honor. I may at this day God be praised boldlie write that where the Spanish and Portingall Naciōs dare glorie of their discoueries Nauigacions with great commendations of their Captaines Colon Vasco dela Gama Magalanez Hernando Cortez Don Francisco Pisarro Don Diego de Almagro Now may our most gracious Queen most iustly cōpare withall the Princes of the world both for discouery nauigacion The Discouery of the Portingall East India was atchiued in 26. moneths the West India in shorter space Magalanez returned not to manifest his dooinges But our valyant and noble minded Captaine Maister Francis Drake in his Nauigation was occupied more or nighe three yeares In which time he sayled and attained to the knowledge of the East and West course which none at any time had euer atchiued His paineful trauaile and maruailous Nauigation was not obtayned with white handes perfumed gloues daintie fare or softe lodging no no Honour is not gotten with pleasures quiet mindes For the sweet Roses groweth among Thornes yet the ignorant will iudge that perpetuall Fame and heauenly Felicitie is a thinge to be gotten with facilitie and ease But if the poore Sayler should sit as Iudge I am sure that hee would say how extreame hunger thyrst hard lodging vpon Hatches foule garmentes blustryng stormes of winde with Hayle Snowe bitter colde Thunder Lightning and continuall perill of life leadeth the hie pathway to the Court of eternall Fame The honour of our good Captayne and company lieth not in my Pen to set out accordingly therfore I remit the same to sutche as hereafter shall iustly sette foorth his paynes and trauell My humble sute is to beseech your Honour to accept this woorke into your patronage and the Almightie graunt your harts desire Your honours at commaundment Thomas Nicholas TO THE READER THe doubt which hath ben held gentle Readers vpon the verefiyng by what way it was possible to passe into the Prouinces of Peru I meane for the people whiche of antiquitie there first inhabited But to satisfie that doubt seemeth sufficient the aucthoritie and opinion of the diuine Plato who in brief maketh rehersal thereof in his booke intituled Thimeum otherwise called the nature thinges and afterwarde in another booke or Dialogue more at large proceeding on forward after his Thimeum called Atlanticum where hee treateth of an Historye which the Egiptians set forth in praise and commendation of the Athenienses saying that in times paste they were of such power that they ouercame and atchiued victory against certayne Kinges and an infinite number of men of warre which came by Sea from a great Iland called Insula Atlantica which had Origen at Hercules Pillers and was accounted greater then al Asia and Africa wherin was contayned tenne Kingdomes the which Neptunus deuided amonge his ten Sonnes but to the eldest called Atlas hee gaue the greatest Kingdome He also writeth of many other memorable thīgs as also of the customes and ritches of this great Iland but especially of a famous temple which was built in the principall Citie the walles and roofes wherof were wainscotted with plate of golde siluer and latton and other many particularities which are longe to rehearce as originally may be seen where they are written at large Many of whiche customes and ceremonies at this day wee haue seen in Peru. From this Iland they sayle to other great Ilands which stand on the farder side therof nere adioynyng to the firm or continent lande beyond the which is the sea called the brode or true Sea The formall words of Plato in the beginninge of Thimeum

thinge vnpossible that a barbarous people without learning and Letters should gouerne with such consent order his subiectes also to shew them selues so louing obedient in such wise y t to shew their louing ha●ts toward their Prince they made two notable high waies in Peru yea such y t it were very vnméet they shuld be without remēbrance for none of those thinges which olde writers account to be of the seuen maruailes of the world was wrought with such difficultie paines cost as those high waies were made when this Prince Guaynacaua went from the Cittie of Cusco with his Armie to conquer the cittie of Quito which is neare 500. leagues distant going by way of the mountaines in which iorney hee was sore troubled because those waies were so Rockie perrilous yea and a man would haue thought thē vnpossible to passe wherupon the Indians thought it meete conuenient to make a highe way for him by the which he might returne with victory from the conquest and to accōplish the same they tooke the worke in hand began the same along the mountaine side both brode and plaine with force brake downe the rockes for that purpose so that al those barrankes or gutters which came from a high out of the Mountaines were filled and made euen with the same way only by force of hand yea some time they were forced to carry vpwardes y e stuffe for the worke aboue 20. fadom so that this high way or cawsey indureth fiue hundred leagues more The reporte is that whan the way was finished a Cart ladē might passe all the way but since y e time with the warres betweene the Christians Indians this high waie is now spoiled to disturbe such as should passe that way and who had séene this way mought wel consider the charges by the making plaine of only two leagues of mountaine which are between two cities in spaine called Segouia Guadarrama which was as yet neuer perfectly finished being an ordinary high way by the which the kings of Spaine do passe when they trauaile with their householdes into Andaluzia or into the kingdome of Toledo These Indians not cōtented with so famous a peece of worke when at another time their Prince Guaynacaua determined to visit the Prouince of Quito which he intirely loued because it was his owne conquest hee went by the way of y e plaines where his said subiectes made for him another high way almost as costly as the mountayn way because the riuers where their gréene and fresh things do grow doth occupy in some places neare three miles from the Riuer through the which they wrought a Cawsey fortie of earthen walles on ech side which were of thrée yardes of height They cōtinued tbe same high way through the sandy places with euident marks that the passengers could not mis their way which also e●dureth all along y e said space of 500. leagues But now these marks are spoiled also by meane of the sayd warres but the walles of y e waies in the valleys are at this day whole soūd wherby the greatnes maiestie of the work may easily be iudged so that the prince Guaynacaua went out by the one returned by y e other hauing al the way as he should pas trimmed w t boughes flowers of maruailous swéetnes Of the notable things that Guaynacaua caused to be done in Peru. Cap 14. BEsides those famous high wayes before de●lared Guanacaua commaunded to buyld at euery ten Leagues end in the mountayne ●●ayes certaine houses made of a greate ●readth wherein were sundry repertitiōs and roomes sufficient to receiue his owne person when he should passe that way with all his familie and armie the like in the other high way in the plaines although not so nighe the one to the other as the buildinge in the mountaines But according as the riuers lay so was the building by reason of succour and prouision of water and in this sort they stoode distant fifteene yea and twentie Leagues These lodginges were called Tambos whereas the Indians in whose iurisdiction they fel had prouision alwayes in store of all thinges necessarie for his armie and hoast not only of meate and drinke but also of all kinde of armour apparrel and weapon which they vsed for the warres in such sort that one of those Tambos if nede required was able to furnish in euery respecte twenty or thirtie thousand fighting men This Prince caryed with him for his garde a great number of men of warre with pikes halberds clubbes and battle axes of siluer copper and some of gold and also seuerall sorts of slinges They made bridges for Riuers of timber and those Riuers which were so broad that those kinde of bridges would not serue they vsed for them mightie long cables made of a certain kinde of Rushes called Maquey which is more stronger then hempe These cables are made fast on ech side of the Riuer so that from the one side to the other there were of length 200. paces And by skilfull arte a certaine litle vessell like vnto a great basket serueth to passe ouer the wayfaring men by the stay and helpe of the cable These kindes of passages the Indians doe maintaine at their costes charges I meane those of the iurisdiction where they fall The king vsed to goe in his Litter made of plates of golde which Litter was not drawen with any kinde of beasts but only caried vpō noble mens shoulders which alwayes attēded at his court to the number of one thousand who were also his best beloued and of his counsell Likewise these noble men when they went abroad attended not on the king were also caried in Litters vpon their vassals shoulders These Casikes had their prince in great honor reuerence and estimation so that when any Piere or great Estate had occasion to come to his Princes presence his duetie was to come barefooted to bring his mantel on his shoulder with some present wrapped therein to present to his Soueraigne in token of duetie and obedience So that if occasion serued to talk with y e Prince twēty times in one day so oftē were they bound to bring him some new gift Likewise it was holden for a great offence to looke their Prince in the face and if it hapned any of them to stumble when they carryed the Prince in his Litter his head was stricken of for his labour In euery halfe league was appointed for the Princes seruice a foote Poast which ordinarily did runne with greater speede then the horse poast When this Prince had conquered any Prouince forthwith he commaūded the chiefest men of that place to be sent into some other Prouince of his kingdome already in subiection And the Inhabitants there to come and abide in the Prouince newly discouered for the greater securitie of his estate And these people that were in this sort changed frō one Prouince to another were called

Chāber his brother Francisco Martin helping to arme him with two Gentlemen and two Pages the one was called Iuan de Vargas who was sonne to Gomes de Tardoya and the other was named Escandon who séeing the enemie so nigh that they had not tyme to arme theyr Maister the Marquesse tooke his sworde and Target which is a shéelde of leather in hande and came to his Chamber doore where he and his folke valiauntly defended them selues a good space and fought so manfully that the enimies coulde not enter saying with a lowde voice Oh brother vpon them vpon them let them dye like Traytors as they are But the men of Chili fought so long that they slew Francisco Martin in whose place entred one of the Pages The Chili men séeing them defend them selues so long fearing that succour might come and assault them on theyr backes they determyned to put the matter in hazarde so that they tooke one of theyr owne company and thrust him in at the doore with force of hande being well armed and whylst the Marquesse was occupied in killing of him the residue had tyme to enter the Chamber doore and they all with one accord stroke at the Marquesse who fought so long with them that with verie wearinesse his sworde fell out of his hands and then they slew him with a pricke of a Rapyer through his throte and when he was fallen to the ground and his winde fayling him he cryed vnto God for mercie and when he had so done he made a crosse on the ground and kissed it and then incontinent yéelded vp the Ghost and when he was fully dead they slew also his two Pages And on the Chili side were foure slaine and diuers others wounded When this sorrowfull newes was knowne in the Cittie there came aboue two hundred men to ayde Don Deigo de Almagro for though they were armed and in a readinesse yet they durst not come abroade tyll they perfectly knew how the matter would passe But now they ran vp and downe the Cittie taking the Armor from such as were comming to succour the Marquesse When the murderers came out of the Marquesse house with theyr blooddye swordes in theyr handes they foorthwith caused Don Diego to mount vpon his Horse and to passe through the chéefest stréetes of the Cittie saying that in all Peru there was no other Gouernour but onely he nor yet any King aboue him And when this was done he sackt the Marquesse house and also the houses of his Brother his Secretarie And then he compelled the Councell State of the Cittie to receyue Don Diego for theyr gouernour vnder y e collour of the Capitulation which was tofore made with his Maiestie at the beginning of y e discouerie which in effect was That Don Diego de Almagro should haue the gouernment of newe Toledo and after his decease his sonne or whome he should appoint to enioy the same When all this dilligence was done they commaunded to be slaine certayne Uassailes which were knowne to be seruaunts and fréends to the Marquesse It was a sorrowfull spectacle to behold and heare the Wiues of dead men what dolefull cries they made yea the lamentable words that they spake The corpes of the Lord Marquesse certaine Negros drew a long the stréetes toward the Church none durst burie him vntyll Iuan de Barbaran Cittizen of Trugillio who somtyme had béen seruaunt to the Marquesse he and his Wife buried bothe the Marquesse and his Brother aswell as they might hauing first obteined licence for that fact of Don Diego they made all the haste possible to burie him and yet they had not leysure to attyre him according to the vsuall ceremony of Knights of the order of S. Iames because they were aduised how the men of Chili were comming to cutte off the Marquesse head for to put it on the Picot which is a Gallowes after their vse In this forme Iuan de Barbaran buried his Lord and Maister and after the buriall he caused the Funerall pompe to be solemnized according as he was able at his owne cost After all this good wyll and dilligence was shewed he went to séeke his Chyldren which went wandring astray to procure theyr securitie The Chili men were now Lordes and Rulers in the Cittie By this successe we may learne and sée the worldly thinges and the varietie of Fortune that in so short a tyme a Gentleman who had discouered conquered and gouerned so great Countries so many Kingdomes such innumerable sums of Treasure who had giuen so great rentes and liuings in respect of time the greatest Prince in the world had not done the lyke And now to be suddenly slaine by the handes of onely twelue men at noone tyme being in a Cittie where all the Cittizens wer● eyther his seruants Kinsemen or Soldiours vnto whome generally he had giuen sufficient liuing and none among them would come to succour him nay rather they fled away euen the Seruaunts of his owne house his noble corps so vily buried And all the infinite Treasure which he possessed consumed in a moment not hauing so much left to burie him according to the degrée and state of his person and all these thinges to happen vnto him after he had thereof sufficient warning by sundrie men as héere before hath bene declared This hath happened the. xxvi day of Iune .1541 Of the customes and qualities of the Marquesse Don Francisco Pisarro and the Discouerer Don Diego de Almagro Chap. 9. SIthens this Historie and Discouery of the Prouince of Peru hath origen from the two valiant Captaines of whome hyther vnto we haue spoken Who are y e Marquesse Don Francisco Pisarro and Don Diego de Almagro It is méete and conuenient to write theyr customes and qualities comparing them together as Plutarchus vseth when he writeth of two Captains which are in any respect comparable one to the other and touching the lynage of these our Captaines at the beginning of this Historie is written asmuch as could be knowen But in the residue they were bothe valiaunt persons of great courrage they were also great sufferers of paynes trauails and verie vertuous they were fréends to doo plesure to al men at theyr owne cost They were much lyke of inclynation especially in the state of lyuing for neyther of them was married although the youngest of them bothe at the tyme of theyr death was aboue thrée score and fiu● yéeres of age They were bothe enclined to affayres of Warres although Don Diego de Almagro when occasion of Warres wanted applied him selfe to thinges of gaynes they were néere of one age when they tooke the conquest of Peru in hande in which Discouerie and conquest they tooke the paynes which hath bene declared although the Marquesse dyd suffer greater trauaile and passed greater peryls then Don Diego For whylst the one was occupied in the greatest part of the Discouerie the other abode in Panama prouiding necessaries Furniture