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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A13830	The Spanish Mandeuile of miracles. Or The garden of curious flowers VVherin are handled sundry points of humanity, philosophy, diuinitie, and geography, beautified with many strange and pleasant histories. First written in Spanish, by Anthonio De Torquemeda, and out of that tongue translated into English. It was dedicated by the author, to the right honourable and reuerent prelate, Don Diego Sarmento de soto Maior, Bishop of Astorga. &c. It is deuided into sixe treatises, composed in manner of a dialogue, as in the next page shall appeare.; Jardin de flores curiosas. English	Torquemada, Antonio de, fl. 1553-1570.; Lewkenor, Lewis, Sir, d. 1626.; Walker, Ferdinand.	1600 (1600)	STC 24135; ESTC S118471	275,568	332

she willingly condiscending he led her into his Caue whether all the other Apes resorted prouiding her such victuals as they vsed where-with with the water of a Spring neere therevnto she maintained her life a certaine time during the which not being able to make resistance vnlesse she would haue presently been slaine she suffered the Ape to haue the vse of her body in such sort that she grew great and at two seuerall times was deliuered of two Sonnes the which as she her selfe saide and as it was by those that saw them afterwards affirmed spake and had the vse of reason These little boyes being the one of two the other of three yeeres aged it happened that a ship returning out of India passing thereby and being vnfurnished of fresh water the Marriners hauing notice of the Fountaine which was in that Iland and determining thereof to make their prouision set them selues a shore in a Cockbote which the apes perceauing fled into the thickest of the mountaine hiding themselues wherewith the woman emboldened and determining to forsake that abhominable life in the which she had so long time against her will continued ranne forth crying as loud as shee could vnto the Marriners who perceauing her to be a woman attended her and carried her with them to their ship which the Apes discouering gathered presently to the shore in so great a multitude that they seemed to be a whole Army the greater of which through the brutish loue and affection which he beare waded so farre into the Sea after her that hee was almost drowned manifesting by his shrikes and howling how greeuously he took this iniury done him but seeing that it booted not because the Marriners beganne to hoise their sailes and to depart he returned fetching the lesser of the two Boyes in his armes the which entring againe into the water as farre as he could he held a great while aloft aboue water and at last threw into the Sea where it was presently drowned which done he returned backe fetching the other and bringing it to the same place the which in like sort he held a great while aloft as it were threatning to drowne that as hee had done the other The Mariners moued with the Mothers compassion and taking pitty of the seely Boy which in cleare and perfect words cryed after her returned back to take him but the Ape daring not attend them letting the Boy fall into the water returned and fled towards the mountaines with the rest The Boy was drowned before the Marriners could succour him though they vsed their greatest diligence At their returne to the ship the vvoman made relation vnto them of all that happened to her in manner aboue rehearsed which hearing with great amazement they departed thence and at their arriuall in Portugall made report of all that they had seene or vnderstoode in this matter The woman was taken and examined who in each poynt confessing this fore-saide history to be true was condemned to be burnt aliue aswell for breaking the commaundement of her banishment as also for the committing of a sinne so enorme lothsome and detestable But Hieronimo capo de ferro who was afterwards made Cardinall beeing at that instant the Popes Nuncio in Portugall considering that the one of her faults was to saue her life and the other to deliuer her selfe out of the captiuity of these brute beastes and from a sinne so repugnant to her nature conscience humbly beseeched the King to pardon her which was graunted him on condition that shee should spende the rest of her life in a Cloyster seruing God and repenting her former offences AN. I haue hearde this history often and truelie in my iudgement it is no lesse strange then any of those before rehearsed or any other that euer hapned BER That which Iohn de Banos Chronicler of the King of Portugall writeth is no lesse meruailous but of as great or greater admiration then any of these if there were thereof so sufficient witnesses to proue it true Writing certaine memorable thinges of the Kingdomes of Pegu and Sian which are on the other side of the Riuer Ganges hee sayth that the people of those Kingdoms hold and affirme for a matter assured and indubitable that of long time that Country was vninhabited and so wild and desert and possessed of so many fierce and cruell beasts that if a whole Armie of men had come they could not haue preuailed against theyr multitude It hapned on a time that a ship comming from the Kingdome of Chinay was through a violent tempest driuen on that Coast among the Rocks so that all those that were therein perrished sauing onely one woman and a mighty great mastiue the which defended her from the furie of wilde beastes vsing daily with her fleshlie copulation in such sort that she became great and in proces of time was deliuered of a sonne she being at that present verie young the boy in space of time had also acquaintance with her and begat vpon her other children of whose multiplications those two kingdoms became to be inhabited and as yet at this day they haue dogs in great veneration as deriuing from them theyr originall beginning LV. If that of the Triton with the woman and that of the Beare with the mayden and that of the Ape be true there is no impossibilitie of this but let vs leaue heerein euery man to thinke as it pleaseth him without constraining him to beleeue or not to beleeue any thing but that whereto his iudgement shal most encline and though wee haue vsed a large digression yet let vs not so giue ouer the matter which we handled concerning Tritons or Seamen for I haue heard that there is a kinde of fish also called Mermaids resembling in theyr faces fayre and beautifull women the truth whereof I would be glad to vnderstand AN. It is true there is indeede much talke of the Mermaydes whom they say from the middle vpward to haue the shape of women and of a fish from thence downeward They are painted with a combe in one hand and a Looking-glasse in the other some say that they sing in so sweet melodious and delectable a tune that charming there-with the Shipmen asleepe they enter into their ship and bereaue them of their liues but to say the truth I haue neuer seen any Author worthy of credit that maketh mention hereof Onelie Pedro Mexias sayth that in a certaine strange and terrible tempest there was one of them amongst a number of other Fishes driuen a shoare on the Sea-coast hauing the visage of a vvoman most beautifull expressing in lamentable sort such sorrowe and griefe that shee mooued the beholders to compassion vvho gently turned her backe againe into the water vvhereinto shee willingly entred and swamme away vvithout being seene any more And though it may be that there is in the Sea such a kind of fish yet I account the sweetnes of their singing with

in our Sauiour Christ but remaine obstinate in stubbernes and hardnes of hart and therefore God permitteth that they liue continually in slauery and subiection of Christians Moores Pagans reproached contemned and persecuted in which seruile miserable state they shall continue so long as they doe perseuer in resisting not willingly acknowledge the manifest and knowne truth But this is so cleare that it were in vaine to spend therein any time Turning therefore to that whereas you said that in respect of other sectes there were but few Christians in the worlde I would haue you otherwise perswaded for presupposed that the greater and truer Christianity be in these our parts of Europe Yet for all that there are Christians in all parts of the world or at least ouer the greater part thereof Besides those with whom we commonly heere conuerse there is on the other side of Alemaigne Hungry Polonia within our Europe a great number of Christian Regions as Russia Prusia Lituania Moscouia part of Tartaria many other mighty Prouinces which followe the Greeke Church though not wholy for some of them apart sepuester them selues from the same holding seueral different opinions Besides these there are the kingdomes of Scotland Mirguena Swethland and Westgothland with infinite others towards the North of which we will one day discourse more particulerly and at length But leauing Europe because it is so knowne and notorious let vs passe into Libia Affrica which is the second part of the world where we shall finde besides many Countries conquered by the Crowne of Portugale and reduced to the Christian faith that on the Coast towards the South in the midst thereof is a Christendome so great large and wide that it is little lesse then this of our Europe which is wholy vnder the gouernment and subiection of one King and Gouernour LU. Is not that hee whom wee call Prester Iohn AN. Yes it is he indeede which is now commonly so called but those which gaue him this name and nowe call him so know not what they say nor whether they name him right or no. LV. This cannot I vnderstand vnlesse you declare it plainlier vnto mee for it is contrary to the common opinion of all men AN. I confesse it to be so and that it is a great chaunce if you find any man affirme the contrary but if you will heare me a little you shal vnderstand wherein the error is so that you your self wil confes that I haue reasō in that which I will say First therefore it were good that you did vnderstand what Paulus Iouius entreating of this matter affirmeth who sayth that this name of Prester Iohn is corrupted that his true name is Belulgian which was cōmon to all the Kings of that Land the which interpreted signifieth a rich pearle of great incomparable excellence But turning to our purpose if you reade the life of S. Thomas the Apostle and S. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles you shall find that S. Thomas went to preach the faith in India maior where he died leauing conuerted to the Christian beliefe infinite multitudes of people who electing and choosing after his death a priest that was called Iohn to gouerne instruct rule them from that time forward each of their Gouernors being for the most part priests were called Priest Iohn bearing the name of the first elected Of their election there is written a very strange History that at the time of the solemnity thereof a hand of S. Thomas was brought forth into which putting a dry withered Vine when hee that was elected passed by the same burgened and sprouted out Vine leaues greene branches and sundry clusters of ripe Grapes out of which they pressed the wine with which they celebrated the same day seruice But though you beleeue not this there is no greater danger For they had not the body of S. Thomas neither knew they where it was and as we find in the Chronicles of Portugale this holy Apostle died in a Country called Choromandel in the kingdom of Bishaga in a citty named Melia somtimes the principal of that kingdom but now ruinated remaining only certaine auncient and noble buildings by which it appeareth the Citty to haue been somtimes great populous amongst the which there is a church held by the enhabitants in great veneration saying that there lay buried the body of S. Thomas another of a King by him conuerted to the faith of Christ. The Portugales digging in search thereof found 3. bodies the one of the king another of the Apostle a third of one of his Disciples That of the Apostle they knew by sundry markes chiefly in that they found lying by him in his graue a Launce with the which the fame went in those Countries that he was slaine vvhich opinion whole India maintayneth but the Church in his life recordeth the same in another sort saying that he was wounded to death with a knife by the hands of an Idolatrous Priest though herein be small difference S. Isidore speaking of him saith that he died with the stroke of a Launce his body as it is written in his life was transported into the Country of Syria into the Citty of Aedisa and this is that which we chiefly ought to beleeue But how so euer it be S. Mathew was he who preached in Aethipia and S. Thomas in India after whom succeeded Prester Iohn whose beginning of rule was great mighty which authority in space of time they came to loose and to be yoked vnder the subiection of the great Cham. The manner of this being so far off hath not beene well vnderstooode though some haue endeuoured to write and giue notice thereof principally though passing obscurely a certayne Armenian but certayne it is that there are as yet sundry tokens of this Christianity Iohn Mandeuile vvryteth in the description of a iourney vvhich he made that there are many of these Christian Prouinces vnder the dominion Empire of great Cham whom at his entry into their Townes they encounter with their Cleargy in Procession the holy Crosse before them to which hee boweth maketh low reuerence and that they blesse fiue Apples presenting them vnto him in a dish of which hee taketh and eateth of the one If he refuse so to doe they take it for a great disfauour Lodouicus Patritius Romanus writeth that being in Taprobana he found there sundry Merchants of the fore-said Prouinces who professed the faith of Christ making him great and large offers if hee would accompany them home into their Country instruct them more amply throughly in the faith according to the vse of the Romain Church which request of theirs he would willingly haue accomplished but that he dared not vndertake so far a voyage so that heereby wee may gather that Prester Iohn is not hee which is in Aethiopia but he who was in the Oriental Indies

and sometimes from low base estate enthroning them in kingdoms as for example King Gygas and almost in our very time Tamberlaine the great and deiecting others that were great and mighty yea Kinges and Monarches into extreame calamitie miserie infinite examples whereof may be seene in the Booke called The fall of Princes and manie others full of such tragicall disastres And it is manifest that this proceedeth from the constellations vnder which they are borne and the operations with which they worke because many Mathematitians and Astronomers knowing the day howre and moment wherin a man is borne vse to giue their iudgement and censure what shall betide vnto him so borne according to the Signes and Planets which then dominate in their force and vigure And many of them doe fore-tell so trulie manie wonderfull thinges that it seemeth scarcely possible to any man but God to knowe them which seemeth to proceede through the will of God whom it hath pleased to place that vertue in those Planets wherby the future successe might be knowne of those persons that are borne vnder thē And though I could here alleadge many examples of Emperours Kings and Princes whose successes to come vvere foretold them by Astronomers truly as indeed they hapned yet omitting them because they are so cōmonly known I will tell you one of Pope Marcellus who came to be high Bishop whose Father liuing in a place called Marca de Ancona where he was also borne beeing a great Astronomer at the birth of his sonne casting presently his natiuitie sayde openly that he had a sonne borne that day which should in time to come be high Bishop but yet in such sort as though he were not which came afterwards to be verified for after he was elected in the Consistorie by the Cardinals hee dyed within twentie daies not beeing able to publish or determine any thing by reason of his short gouernment I knewe also a man in Italie called the Astronomer of Chary who whatsoeuer he foretold the same proued in successe commonlie to be true so that he was held for a Prophet truth it is that hee was also skilfull in Palmestrie and Phisiognomie and thereby strangely foretold many things that were to come and perticulerly he warned a speciall friend of mine to looke wel vnto himselfe in the xxviij yeere of his age in which he should be in danger to receaue a wounde whereby his life shoulde stand in great hazard which fell out so iustly as might be for in that yeere he receaued a wound of a Launce in his bodie whereof he dyed A certaine Souldiour also one day importunating him to tell his fortune declaring vnto him the day and howre wherein he was borne and withall shewing him the palme of his hand and because he excused himselfe growing into choller and vrging him with threatnings to satisfie his demaund he told him that he was loth to bring him so ill newes but seeing you will needs haue it quoth he giue me but one crowne and I will be bound to finde you meate and drinke as long as you liue The Souldiour going away laughing and iesting at him seeing presently two of his fellowes fighting went betweene to part them and was by one of them thrust quite through the body so that he fell downe dead in the place AN. I cannot choose but confesse vnto you that many Astronomers hit often right in their coniectures but not so that they can assuredly affirme those thinges which they foretell of force and necessity to fall out there being so many causes and reasons to alter and change that which the signes and Planets doe seeme to portend the first is the will of God as being the first cause of all things who as he created and made the starres with that vertue and influence so can he by his only will change and alter the same when it pleaseth him Also all the starres are not knowne nor the vertues which they haue so that it may well be that the vertue of the one doth hinder make lesse or cause an alteration in the effect of the other and so an Astronomer may come to be deceaued in his calculations as vvas the selfe same Astronomer of Chary which you speake of when he fore-told that Florence being besieged with an Army imperiall with the forces of Pope Clement should be put to sackage and spoile of the Souldiours This Prophecie of his had like to haue cost him his life if hee had not made the better shift with his heeles for the Souldiours by composition that the Towne made finding themselues deluded made frusttate deceaued of their prophecied booty would haue slaine him if he had not with all possible diligence made away Besides if this were so there must of necessity follow a great inconuenience and such as is not to be aunswered for if when so euer any one is borne vnder such a constellation that of force the good or euill thereby portended must happen vnto him the selfe same then by consequence must needs happen to all those which are borne in that instant vnder the same signe and Planet for according to the multitude of the people which is in the worlde there is no houre nor moment in which there are not many borne together of which some come to be Princes and some to be Rogues When Augustus Caesar was borne it was vnpossible but that there were others also borne in the very same poynt and moment which for all that came not to be Emperours and to gouerne the whole worlde in so flourishing a peace as he did yea and perchaunce some of them went afterwards begging from dore to dore And thinke you that Alexander the great had no companions at his birth Yes without doubt had he though they had no part of his good Fortune and prosperity This matter is handled very copiously by S. Austine in his fifth booke De ciuitate Dei aunswering the Mathematitians and Astronomers which say that the constellations and influences are momentary whereby it should ensue that euery part and member of the body should haue a particuler constellation because the whole body together cannot be born in one moment nor in many moments to be short therefore they are many times deceaued that giue such great credite to the abusiue coniectures of Astronomy spending their whole time about the speculation and fore-knowledge of future things pertaining not onely to the birth of men fore-shewing their fortunes and successes but also to those of plagues earth-quakes deluges tempests droughts and such like things that are to happen BER If I vnderstand you well your meaning is that the influence of the Planets worketh not in men with any necessity or constraint but onely as it were planting in them an inclination to follow the vertue of their operations which may with great facility be euited in such thinges as are within the vse of free will and Lybre arbitrement In

to giue credite to some things which seeme for their strangenes fabulous as that which Pliny writeth alleadging Damates in his chronicle where he saith that Pictorius Prince of the Epiorians liued 300. yeeres Xenophon affirmeth that a King of the Maritimes had 600. yeeres of age and a Sonne of his 800 But Pliny iesteth thereat saying that this computation of yeeres ages was made through ignorance of times for in those dayes many reckoned the Sommer for one yeere and the Winter for another others made them shorter reckoning the Spring for one and the Autumne for another so that one of our yeeres cōtaineth as much as foure of theyrs So counted the Arcadians and the Egyptians made a yeere of euery month from one coniunction of the Moone to another so that it is no maruaile if they say that some of them liued a 1000. yeeres and more And if that K. of Maritimes liued 600. and his sonne 800. yeeres I vvarrant you it was according to this account so that in fine it seemeth that the longest age of a man cannot extend aboue a 150. or a 160. yeares and so long sayth Mucianus they liue that inhabite the top of the mountaine Timoli BER Alexander in his 24. chapter of his third booke De diebus Genialibus entreateth at large of this computation of yeeres made by the Auncients in the which they were so diuers different that we had neede of a whole day to repeate theyr varieties being many more then those which Plinie rehearseth but he speaketh like a good Phylosopher conforming himselfe to that which is likeliest and restrayning the limits of Nature as a thing onely of it selfe and not borne created and conserued in the will and minde of God as writeth Leuinus Lemnius alleadged by you in the beginning of this our discourse guyding our selues according to which these misteries are not so hard to be beleeued for that of Nestor is since the first ages neyther is it held for fabulous whom as the Poet Naso vvryteth liued 300. yeares But leauing these Auncients let vs come to certaine secrets of Nature of later times of which if Plinie had had knowledge hee woulde not so much haue wondred at those long liues neyther haue helde them for fabulous First therefore I will begin with that which Uelasco de Taranta writeth of an Abbesse which was in the Monastery of Monuiedro who hauing accomplished the age very neere of a 100. yeeres nature that went in her fayling declining recouered of a suddaine in such sort vertue vigour and force that her flowers which in long and many yeres before she had not felt began to come downe euen as when she was in the prime of her youth and withall her teeth tussles which through age were fallen out began to bud and growe out anew her grey hayres waxed by the rootes black casting off by little and little theyr hoarines her face waxed fayre full fresh blood filling out the olde riuels and wrinckles her breasts rose and increased and to be short shee became as young and fresh in sight as she was at 30. yeeres in such sort that diuers with wonderfull admiration comming to see her shee procured to hide herselfe and not to be seene beeing ashamed of the strange alteration and newnes which shee perceaued in herselfe and though hee remembred not to write those yeares which she lyued afterwards yet it is to be imagined that they were many LV. I will not wonder at this because I my selfe haue knowledge of two the like wherof the one is that being in Rome the yeare 1531. the publique voice and fame throughout all Italy was that there was in Taranto an olde man of a 100. yeares that had turned young againe changing all that euer he had in him euen to his skin and the very nayles of his feete and hands of which dispoyling himselfe like a Snake hee grew so newe and fresh and became so young and frolick that his very familiars knew him not and in the end for it was well 50. yeares past that this had hapned to him he turned to be so old againe that his colour properly resembled the roote of a vvithered tree The other vvas which is most true and assured that the Admirall Don Fadriques passing in his youth through a Village called Rioia encountred a man of the age as it seemed of fiftie yeares who tolde him that hee had beene footeman to his Grandfather vvhich the Admirall making difficultie to beleeue because his Grandfather was dead long and many yeeres agone the other with othes assured him that it was true and vvithall told him that he was at that present a hundred yeeres old and that he had turned to be young againe changing his nature and renuing in him all things that caused age The Admirall astonished at thys myracle made diligent enquiry therof and found by infallible proofes the trueth to be in each poynt according as he had sayd and this is by the vulgar fame and by infinite witnesses that were present notoriously known to be true AN. I will not deny but that all this which you haue sayd is possible seeing that there is in this present time of ours a matter more strange and miraculous publique and of vndoubted truth written by Herman Lopes de Castaneda Chronicler to the King of Portugall of a man brought to Nunnes de Acuna being Vizroy and Gouernour in India the yeare 1530. a thing truly most worthy of admiration for it was by sufficient witnesses indubitable profes affirmed to be true that hee had at that time accomplished the full age of 340. yeeres He remembred when that Citty was vnpeopled beeing one of the chiefest most important strengths of all India he had 4 times being old renued to youth each time casting of his hoary haires and riueled wrinckles and sheading his rotten teeth in place of which fresh and new arised and at such time as the Vizroy sawe him the hayres of his head were black and those of his beard also though hee had there but few A Phisition being present was bid feele his pulses the which were found to be as lusty as though he had beene in the flower and prime of his youth This man in his youth had been a Gentle and afterwards turned to embrace the erronious beleefe of the Moores hee was naturall of the Kingdome of Hungarie hee confessed that in his time he had had seuen hundred wiues of which some died some he had forsaken The King of Portugall had notice of this man kept reckoning of him and the Armies that came yeerelie from thence brought him tydings that hee lyued and liueth as yet as they that come thence say so that he must now haue 370 yeres The selfe same chronicler also writeth that at such time as the selfe Nunnes de Acuna gouerned there was in the cittie of Vengala another Moore named Xegueor natiue of a Prouince called Xegue

God LV. Remember you not what Esay saith in his 14. Cha. speaking to Lucifer It was thou saith he that saidst in thy hart I wil mount vp into heauen put my chaire vpon the starrs and seate my selfe on the hill of the testament in the sides and corners of the wind Circius or Aquilon BE. These authorities haue many interpretations but howsoeuer it be sure it is that there is in these Northerne parts an infinite number of Sorcerers Witches Enchaunters and Negromancers AN. Those of the Prouinces of Biarmia Scrifinia Finland with many other bordering Regions doe as the cōmon fame goeth for the most part all exercise Negromancie chiefly those of Filandia and Laponia which they vaunt to haue learned of Zorastes To such as sailed to their country for traffiques sake and had the wind contrary at their departure they vsed to sell for mony or merchandize such so cōmodious wind as they themselues desired They vsed to knit in a cord three knots of which vndoing the one there followed presently a moderate wind out of what Coast so euer they desired vndoing the second the wind began to bluster somwhat more furiously but vpon the losing of the third there arose such raging stormes and tempests that the shippes miscaried oftentimes and were drowned And therfore such strangers as traffiqued thither procured to entertaine friendship with them imagining their happy and vnhappy successe the raging and calmenes of the Sea to be at their pleasure and disposition for in this the deuils were to them in great subiection and obedience Besides when any man desired to know news frō forraine parts there were amongst thē diuers that would vndertake to giue them true aduertisements of such things as they required to know being wel paid for their paines They enclosed thēselues into a chamber taking with them their wiues or som other person whō they especially trusted then smiting vpon a figure of mettall which they kept made in fashion of a Toade or Serpent after whispering some words making certaine signes they fell downe groueling on the ground in a traunce most straightly charging and enioyning him or her that stoode by to take great heed that no flye vermine or beast should touch them while they so continued Returning to themselues they aunswered to such thinges as they were enquired of so truly that they were neuer found to be false in any one point And this they publiquely vsed till they receaued the faith of our Sauior Christ since which if they vse the same it is with great secrecie and most seuerely punished if it be knowne There are as yet in certaine Prouinces that confine vpon them and are somewhat neerer vnto vs many notable Negromancers famous by the writing of many Authors Amongst the rest there was euen almost in our time Henry king of Swethland who had the deuils so ready and obedient at his commaundement that he caused presently the wind to turne and change into what part so euer hee pointed with his cap in so much that of the common people he was called by no other name then Windy Bonet He had a Sonne in lawe called Reyner King of Denmarke who conquered on the Sea coast many Countries by force of Armes neuer at any time hauing contrary wind when hee went to Seaward beeing therein by his Father in law alwayes assisted to whom hee succeeded afterwards also in the Kingdome of Swethland Many write of a woman called Agaberta daughter of a Gyant in those Septentrionall Lands whose name was Vagonostus that she was so skilfull in Negromancie that she sildome suffered her selfe to be seene in her proper figure somtimes she would resemble an old withered wrinkled Crone sometimes a most beautifull and goodly Mayden somtimes she would seeme so feeble and faint and yellow of colour as though shee had beene consumed with a long and languishing Ague another time she would be so high that her head should seeme to reach vnto the clouds changing when she listed with such facility her shape as did Vrgand the vnknown of which old fables make such mention the strange force of her enchauntments was such that she could darken the Sun Moone Starres leuell high Mountaines and make plaine champaine of sauage Deserts pull trees vp by the rootes and dry vp running Riuers with many the like as though shee had had all the deuills of hell ready at a beck to fulfill her commaundements The like is written of an other called Grace of Norway Yffrotus the mighty King of Gothland and Swethland walking for recreation along the Sea-shore was runne at by a Cow and hurt with her hornes in such sort that hee died presently vpon the same afterward it came to be knowne and proued that the same Cowe was a Witch disguised in that forme which for some griefe conceaued against the King had vsed that reuenge vpon him There was one called Hollerus so incredibly surpassing the rest in this detestable Science that the common people supposed him to be more then a mortall man honoured him as a God though at length they founde theyr error for notwithstanding his fained immortalitie his heade was cut off and his body torne in peeces by his enemies for commonly the deuill though hee helpe them for a while yet euer in the end he leaueth them in the myre Othinus which was held for one of the greatest Negromancers that euer was brought Hadignus king of Denmark to his kingdom out of farre Countries into which he was banished on horsebacke or rather on the deuils backe behind him through thicke and thinne yea and ouer the Sea it selfe bringing it by his Enchauntments so to passe that the King was receaued established in his gouernment afterwardes in a battaile against Haruinus King of Norway he caused such a clowdie showre of hayle to strike on the face of his enemies that not enduring the violence thereof and beeing on the other side furiously charged by the Danes they turned theyr backs were discomfited But it were time lost to entreate any farder of this people beeing the deuils disciples dwelling and dailie dealing so familiarly with them There are amongst them often seene visions and Spirits deluding those that trauaile appearing to them in likenes of some of theyr knowne friends and suddainly vanishing away so that the deuill seemeth to haue in those Septentrionall Countries greater dominion more libertie then in other parts LV. I remember that I haue read a certaine Author which among many strange and wonderfull thinges wryteth that there is in a certaine part of these Lands a mountaine enuironed round about with the Sea vnlesse it be of one side where it hath onely a very narrow and little entry so that it seemeth in manner to be an Iland the toppe thereof is couered with trees so thicke and high that a farre of they seeme to touch the Clowdes There is within the same

little was by them brought and put into a pond or standing water in the Iland of S. Domingo a little after the conquest thereof by the Spaniards Being in which fresh water in short space hee encreased to such greatnes that hee became bigger then any horse and withall so familiar that calling him by a name which they had giuen him he would come ashore and receaue at theyr handes such thinges as they brought him to eate as though he had beene some tame domesticall beast The boyes among other sportes and pastimes they vsed with him woulde sometimes gette vp vppon his bace and hee swimme all ouer the Lake with them without euer dooing harme or once dyuing vnder the water with any one of thē One day certaine Spanyards comming to see him one of them smote him with a pyke staffe which he had in his hand from which time forward hee knewe the Spanyards so vvell by theyr garments that if any one had beene therby when the other people called him hee woulde not come ashore otherwise still continuing with those of the Country his vvonted familiaritie Hauing thus remained in this Lake a long space the water vpon a tyme through an extreamitie of raine rose so high that the one side of the Lake ouerflowed and brake into the Sea from which time forward he was seen no more Thys is written by the Gouernour of the fortresse of that Iland in a Chronicle which he made Leauing them therefore now I will briefely speake of certaine notable Fish coasts from the West of Ireland forwards winding about towardes the North For it is a thing notorious that many Kingdoms Regions Prouinces haue their prouisions of Fish frō thence of which our Spaine can giue good testimonie the great commodity considered that it receaueth yeerely thereby To beginne therefore the farther forth this way that you goe the greater plenty you shall finde of fishe many of those Prouinces vsing no other trade forraine Merchants bringing into them other necessary thinges in exchange thereof The chiefest store whereof is founde on the Coast of Bothnia which deuideth it selfe into three Prouinces East West and North-Bothnia The last whereof is different farre from the other two for it is a plaine Champaine Land seated as it were in a Valley betweene great and high Mountaines The ayre thereof is so wholesome the Climat so fauourable that it may be well termed one of the most pleasant and delightfull places of the world for it is neither hote nor cold but of so iust a temperature that it seemeth a thing incredible the Countries lying about it beeing so rigorously cold couered with Snow congealed with a continuall Ise. The fields of themselues produce all pleasant varietie of hearbes and fruites The woods and trees are replenished with Birdes whose sweet charmes melodious tunes breedeth incredible delectation to the hearers but wherein the greatest excellencie and blessing of this Land consisteth is that amongst so great a quantitie of Beasts and Fowles of which the Hilles Woods Fieldes and Valleyes are full it breedeth not nourisheth or maintaineth not any one that is harmefull or venemous neyther doe such kindes of Fishes as are in the Sea hurtfull approach theyr shoares which otherwise abound with Fishes of all sorts so that it is in the fishers handes to take as many and as few as they list The cause of which plentie is as they say that diuers forts of Fishes flying the colde come flocking in multitudes into these temperate waters Neyther bapneth this onely on theyr Sea-shoare but in theyr Lakes Riuers within the Land also which swarme as thicke with fishes great and little of diuers kindes as they can hold The enhabitants liue very long neuer or sildome feeling any infirmity which surely may serue for an argument seeing it is so approouedly knowne to be true to confirme that which is written concerning the vpper Byarmya which though it be seated in the midst of vntemperate cold countries couered and frozen with continuall Snow and Ice yet is it selfe so temperate and vnder so fauourable a Climate and constellation that truly the Authors may well call it as they doe a happy and blessed soile whose people hauing within thēselues all things necessary for the sustentation of humaine life are so hidden sequestred from other parts of the world hauing of themselues euery thing so aboundantly that they haue no need to traffique or conuerse with forraine Regions And this I take to be the cause that we haue no better knowledge of some people that liue vppon the Hyperbores who though they liue not with such pollicy as we doe it is because the plenty of all thinges giueth them no occasion to sharpe their wits or to be carefull for any thing so that they leade a simple and rustique life without curiosity deuoyd of all kind of trouble care or trauaile whereas those who liue in Countries where for their substentation maintenance it behooueth them to seeke needefull prouisions in forraine Landes what with care of auoiding dangers well dispatching their affaires and daily practising with diuers dispositions of men they cannot but becom industrious pollitique and cautelous And hence came it that in the Kingdome of China there was a Law and statute prohibiting and defending those that went to seeke other Countries euermore to returne into the same accounting them vnworthy to liue in so pleasant and fertile a soile that willingly forsooke the same in searching an other But returning to our purpose in this North Bothnya which is beyond Norway is taken incredible store of fish which they carry some fresh some salted to a Citty called Torna situated in manner of an Iland betweene two great Riuers that discende out of the Septentrionall mountaines where they hold their Fayre and Staple many and diuers Nations resorting thither who in exchange of theyr fish accommodate them with such other prouisions as their Country wanteth so that they care not to labour or till their grounds which if at any time they doe the fertillity thereof is such that there is no Country in the worlde able to exceede the same The people is so iust that they know not howe to offende or offer iniurie to any man they obserue with such integrity the Christian fayth that they haue him in horrour and destentation that committeth a mortall sinne They are enemies of vice and louers and embracers of vertue and truth They correct and chasten with all seuerity and rigour those that are offendours insomuch that though a thing bee lost in the streete or field no man dareth take it vp till the owner come himselfe There are also other Prouinces maintayned in a manner wholely by fishing as that of Laponia in the vvhich are manie Lakes both great and little infinitelie replenished with all sorts of excellent fishes and that of Fylandia which is very neere or to say better vnder the Pole The

earth A great ignorance of the ancient Commendador is a Knight of some crosse as that of Malta or S. Iames. Antypodes S. Austins opinion touching Antypodes Lactantius Firmianus opinion Pliny touching the same Who are the right Antypodes Perioscaei Amphioscaei Ethoroscaei The whole world is enhabitable The Polar Zones enhabited * Ireland Ptolome ignorant in many countries nowe knowne Plin lib. 4 Cap. 12. The happy soyle of the Hyperborians Solinus touching the Hyperboreans Pom. Mela touching the Hyperboreans The signification of Pterophoras and Hyperbore * 〈…〉 Iacobus Ziglerus of the Northerne parts Nature hath prouided a remedy to euery mischiefe Thule is the same which we now call Iseland The prouinces of Pilapia and Vilapia Pigmees The Bachiler Encisus concerning the length of the dayes and nights towards the Poles The diuersity of the rysing and setting of the sun between vs and those that lyue neere or vnder the Poles An example whereby it is proued that it can neuer be very dark vnder the Poles What thys Word Orizon signifieth Whether all those parts be enhabited or no. Pyla Pylanter Euge Velanter Wild Beasts like vnto white Beares which digge vp the Ice with their nailes A league is three miles Pigmaei Ictiophagi * Island The Prouince of Agonagora Lande yet vnknowne 1650. leagues of the world yet vndiscouered The answer of a boy of Seuilla The shippe called Victoria compassed the world round about Indians driuen by storme into the Norths Sea Fictions of Sylenus to King Mydas out of Aelianus The Citty of Machino The Citty of Euaesus Meropes Anostum The Riuer of delight The Riuer of griefe Iohan Zyglerus Sigismund Herberstain The names of the most part of Prouinces and Regions are changed The Prouince of Byarmya deuided into two parts Wild Beasts like vnto Stags called Rangeferi Hatherus King of Swethland Wild Asses The lower Byarmya In steede of Armes they vse Enchantments Rogumer King of Denmark Finmarchia or Finlande Nature hath ordained a remedy against all inconueniences Things to which men are accustomed becom naturall vnto thē in time Custome is another nature Adams hill There is nowe no known part of the world out of which the worshipping of auncien feyned Gods is not banished A North North Westerne wind The Snowe on the moūtaines neere the South-pole is blewish of colour like vnto the Skie The song of the Nightingale exceedeth that of all other birdes in sweetnes Birds vnderstand the cal one of another It is written of Apollonius Tyaneꝰ that he vnderstood the singing of Birdes A pretty iest Birdes or Beasts haue no vse of reason at all The disagreement of writers touching the description situation of Countries Diuersity of writers touching the Scithians Sundry Gyants of wonderfull force puissance North North-westerne wind The strange violence of the tempests in the Northern countries Certaine warlike pastimes that their young men vse Troupes of horsemen skirmishing and fighting vpon frozen Lakes Disa queene of Swethland The white Lake The Lake Vener The Lake Meler Zhe Lake Veher A strange History of a Negromancer The force of enchantments cannot any longer prolong life then the time by God fixed appointed The deuils haue greater liberty in the Northerne Lands thē in other parts Henry King of Swethland a famous Negromancer Reyner King of Denmark Agaberta a notable Sorceresse Grace of Norway Ifrotus K. of Gothland slaine by a Witch Hollerus a Negromancer Othinus by his Enchantments restored the K of Denmark to the Crowne A mountain that seemeth to be inhabited of deuills A strange noyse heard in certaine mountaines of Angernamia Vincentius in his Speculo historiali Charibdis The strange propertie of a Caue in the Cittie of Viurgo The ayre somtime inclosed within the frozen lakes in seeking vent maketh a terrible thūdring and noyse The strange propertie of the lake Vether in thawing A notable chance that hapned to a Gentleman vpon thys Lake by which he saued his lyfe Custome is another nature Tauerns and victualing houses built vpon the sea A strange inuention to slide vpon the Ise. I haue seene in Brabant and 〈◊〉 the Noble mē vse these kinde of slids very cunously made and gilded they call them Trin●aus These are in manner like those aboue said which they call 〈◊〉 The maner of their trauailing vpō the Snow Rangifer is a Beast in maner like vnto a Stagge The great cōmodities that those Country people receaue of the Rangifers Beasts called Onagri The strange iealousie of the Onagres in Affrica 3. Sorts of Wolues in the Northeren Regions The Neurians doe at somtimes of the yeere transforme themselues into vvolues How the Duke of Muscouia dealt with an Enchanter Howe three young men destroyed a number of vvolues that greatly annoyed the towne wher they lyued Of a man that disfigused himselfe like vnto a Wolfe and did many cruelties in the kingdō● of Galicia in Spaine A strange property of their Hares Beastes called Gulones The maner of taking the Gulones Tygers Furre of Martres Lynces The Rams of Gothland Weathers whose taile weyed weyed more thē one of their quarters A kinde of fish called Monster Henry Falchendor Archbishop of Nydrosia Another kinde of fishes called Fisiters A strange miracle Two sorts of Whales A Whale of admirable greatnes The fish called Orca is enemy to the Whale A strange thing written of the Whale A mōstrous fish taken in a Riuer of Germany A fish called Monoceros A fish called Serra which is as much to say as saw in English Another called Xifia Rayas Rosmarus The maner of taking him Sundry fishes like to Horses Oxen c. Dolphins A strangt tale of a Dolphin in S. Domingo Bothnia deuided into 3. prouinces The excellencie of the Climat of North Bothnia It nourisheth no venemous or hurtful beast Byarmya superiour A strange Law in the Kingdome of Chinay Filandia Newcastle belonging to the King of Swethen A strange property of the fish Treuius Rainebirds Snowbirds Faulcons of diuers sorts I take this to be that which wee call heere an Ospray of which I haue seene diuers Sea-Crowes Plateae Duckes Ducks bred of the leaues of a tree in Scotland Geese A Towne in Scotlande that receaueth great commoditie through Duckes Serpents Aspes Hyssers Amphisbosna Serpents that haue a King A huge and terrible Serpent in the prouince of Borgia Sundry cruell Serpents in India A kinde of Trees that in the extremity of the colde Regions retaine all the yeere long their greenenesse Many Christian Regions The magnificent tytles of the Emperour of Russia A Nation called Finns that are in warre with the Muscouites A great part of the world vndiscouered A most tyrannous act of the Duke of Muscouia Tierra del Labrador The Land of Bacallaos Fynland cōuerted to the Christian Fayth The deuotion of the North people