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kingdom_n	case_n	great_a	king_n	2,323	5	3.6428	3	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A02758	Klinike, or The diet of the diseased· Divided into three bookes. VVherein is set downe at length the whole matter and nature of diet for those in health, but especially for the sicke; the aire, and other elements; meat and drinke, with divers other things; various controversies concerning this subject are discussed: besides many pleasant practicall and historicall relations, both of the authours owne and other mens, &c. as by the argument of each booke, the contents of the chapters, and a large table, may easily appeare. Colellected [sic] as well out of the writings of ancient philosophers, Greeke, Latine, and Arabian, and other moderne writers; as out of divers other authours. Newly published by Iames Hart, Doctor in Physicke.	Hart, James, of Northampton.	1633 (1633)	STC 12888; ESTC S119800	647,313	474

besides the closenesse of the passage thorow which it is conveyed they alleadge another inconvenient that by this passage the water draweth ceruse from the lead and these drossie dregges thus drawne from this ceruse say they engender the bloody flixe I answere that daily experience evinceth this to bee most false and erroneous as may bee seene in the Citie of Paris where such water is in most common and frequent request And if they bee sometimes subject thereunto it is rather to bee imputed to the slimy river of Seine than to these leaden pipes as their owne Physitians confesse Againe in Montpeliers the water is brought into the Towne by meanes of such leaden pipes and yet are they no wayes obnoxious to this disease and this is likewise the case of many other cities of that great and populous kingdome of France who are notwithstanding as free as the former But that wee may come neerer home what shall wee say to the noble City of London whither that river of Ware is conveied and by these leaden pipes distributed thorow that great body and yet it is well knowne that this is not a disease that much troubleth ordinarily this great and populous City And this Towne of Northampton maketh likewise use of these leaden pipes and yet the inhabitants are but seldome troubled with this disease and no doubt many like instances may be produced to prove this truth Againe ceruse which Vitru vius and others so much feare cannot be extracted out of lead except it be first steeped in strong vineger If any can object any thing else against such water the fire will make amends River-water partaketh of the same nature with Spring-water from whence it hath its originall and beginning yet commeth short of the former in regard of the slime and filth they carry with them as also in regard of the diversity of the natures of the springs whereof they are composed and therefore Avicenne commendeth rather the water of small Brookes than of great Rivers as likewise the further they runne from their springs the better he liketh them by reason the further they runne the more subtile and thinner they are howbeit Averroes his country-man is of another mind by reason that the further it runneth the more filth and corruption it gaineth Such therefore as abound in mudde and slime are the worst to be liked Waters of Lakes being alwaies renewed by their springs and tossed to and fro with the wind are not to be rejected Well-water being often drawne standing in a free and open aire with a large mouth may also be of good use but that which is otherwise declineth from this bonitie and therefore pumpe-water is not so good as open Well-water is Standing pond-water of all other is the worst and very prejudiciall to health Salt-water is not of ordinary use either to drinke or dresse meat with and this shall now suffice to have said of Waters in generall as they are serviceable for the use of mankinde reserving a more particular discourse of water untill wee come to speake of drinke As for the other two necessary and usefull elements wee deferre speaking of them untill wee come to the diet of the diseased But before we proceed to speake of elements assumed within the body wee purpose to discusse two questions and first CHAP. VIIJ. Whether any pure Element be able to nourish a mixt body and whether any such compound bee able to live by the sole use of the same BVt before we enter upon the discussing of this question it shall not be amisse to know what Aliment or nourishment is It is by Galen defined to be whatsoever increaseth or multiplieth the substance of our body and conserveth the same Now the substance of our bodie as hath bin said is threefold solid humid and spirituous or airy from whence the differences of aliments are desumed The solid parts are repaired by food the humid by drinke and the airie or spirits by sweet and comfortable smells Now that any thing cary the name of aliment or nourishment it ought to be indued with these qualities following In the first place it ought to be of quality hot and moist that it may the better repaire the decay of our naturall innate heat It is againe requisite that it affect our taste with a good rellish for what pleaseth the palat in taste often nourisheth well Now that which doth most affect the taste and is agreeable to nature is in taste sweet I meane not in excesse as to feed on sugar and sweet meates continually which being much used are more hurtfull than helpefull to health but in a meane not declining to any other as sharpe sowre c. and so is most acceptable to nature all other being rather Physicall than Alimentall as I may say And howsoever meat may in the taste be somwhat salt bitter c yet in the concoction there is made a sequestration of these qualities from the substance of the food and that onely which is sweet remaineth for nourishment Hippocrates writeth that all manner of creatures are nourished onely with sweet things which Aristotle also repeateth Againe that which nourisheth ought to be mixed and compounded and therefore pure elements are here excluded according to that vulgar saying Ex quibus constamus jisdem nutrimur And lastly it is required that there be a power of giving life Potentia vitae animationis And such things onely nourish which once have lived saith Theophrastus And there is an easier passage and change of such things as have a communication or symbolize in symbol or quality And for this cause the juyce which commeth of living creatures is farre easilier changed into our substance than that which is desumed from plants Now to the question Although then it hath bin hitherto received for an uncontrolled truth that no simple Element can nourish a mixt body yet som things seem to crosse this opinion and there is a common proverbial verse tending to this purpose Quatnor ex c. Now to discusse the truth of this question we will briefly runne thorow the foure elements and first of the fire It is reported by antient Authors that a certaine worme or flie called therefore Pyrausta is both bred and liveth in the fire which is notwithstanding most absurd and false and as concerning the vulgar conceit of the Serpent Salamandra living in the fire and with his cold frozen venomous moisture extinguishing the firie flames it is as false as the former as witnesseth Dioscoride and the Salmandra continuing any space in the fire is notwithstanding consumed to dust and ashes Now come we to ●●e aire the next element It is the opinion of some that such as live altogether without any solid substance of food may be fed with the aire Indeed if people were so contented corne would be the cheaper and people then would not be so destitute

caused to pull downe the pillar wheron all this was written saying to his friends about him that it was not fit for Kings to learne to sup so intemperately and prodigally for it cannot be said hee but that great cowardlinesse and effeminatenesse must of necessity accompany such excesse and prodigalitie And now you manifestly see that those who use to fill their bellies with so great suppers basely yeeld the victory to their enemies And in this this mighty Monarch spake the truth although afterwards mastered by this Persian prodigality The same Alexander before he gave himselfe over to excesse of diet and drunkennesse was wont to say that hee carried about with him curious cookes to provide sauces for his meat to wit his morning labor and travell to season his dinner and againe a spare dinner to season his supper It is recorded of Constantine the sonne of Kennethie and 71 King of the Scottish nation that hee compelled all the youth of his Kingdome at that time much effeminate and drowned in delights and pleasures to lye on the bare ground and to eate but once a day and as for that Swinish sinne of drunkennesse it cost them no lesse than their life David the 91. King of the same Nation according to his Fathers example suppressed all riot and excesse which then began to increase and creep abroad and expelled out of his Kingdome all inventors of any dainties and curious sauces wherby the appetite might be starred up By the which it may plainely appeare that in former times divers of the Kings of that Nation bent themselves against the abuses of their times And would to God we had now some course taken for the suppressing of excesse in all his Majesties dominions I am sure those who have but one eye may easily see how necessary a thing this were Among the ancient Romanes this was for a while very carefully looked into and many sumptuary lawes then made for this same end and purpose And it is well observed that before these lawes were made that people was exceedingly given to excesse and riot for the which cause it was commanded that they should dine and suppe their doores standing open that thereby better notice might bee taken of their excesse if any committed And besides Gluttony was then come to that heighth that many youths to please their palates and satisfie their greedy guts did not onely sell themselves for slaves but even abandoned their bodies to be in most beastly maner abused by those who were addicted to this unaturall and unlawfull lust The first of these lawes was called Orchia from the Author Orchius and in it was set downe the number of the guests which were to be invited to any great meeting the which number they should not exceed The next was that called Fannia lex made by the consent of Augustus Caesar and the whole people of the City and this limited the expences which might be spent at any feast which to exceed was not allowed And afterwards followed that call Lex Didia extending the former Law which before was most injoin'd to be observed in the Citie to all Italy And againe adding this likewise that not onely such as invited their guests but even the invited guests also themselves should be accounted transgressours and breakers of this law There followed yet another after called Lex Licinia appointing smaller prices upon divers things they were before sold for but this was not in that esteeme as the former Now in Gluttony there is a trible fault committed First in the substance of the meat when it is too curious and delicate Secondly in the quantity when it exceedeth in the same and thirdly in the quality if it be too daintily seasoned and too curiously cooked And then is it not properly called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 nourishment but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cupediae junkets or wanton fare Another saith we transgresse in Gluttony five manner of waies First sometimes we prevent our need Secondly in providing too dainty fare Thirdly when wee are too curious in the preparation of our food Fourthly we often exceed in the quantity Fifthly wee often erre in the too earnest and immoderate desire of dainty fare all which are comprehended in this verse following Praepropere lante nimis ardenter studiose The remedies against this sinne are set down both in holy Scripture and prophane Authors The wise Salomon gives us good counsell in his Proverbs And to this same purpose see some precepts in Ecclesiasticus And a worthy Bishop sendeth these golden rules to a King Eat so as thou maiest avoid crudity drinke so as thou maiest shunne drunkennesse Be neither too much addicted to dainties present nor yet too much desire those thou wantest Let thy diet be ordinary and homely sit downe to wholesome meat and not to delight and pleasure Let hunger and not exquisite sauces provoke thy appetite c. The heathens from the dignity excellency and eminency of this noble creature above all others doe dehort us from this Gluttony All men saith one that would excell the rest of the creatures should doe their best endeavour not to passe over their life in silence as the brute beasts whom nature hath made to looke downe-wards intending onely to supply the wants of their bellies And the very structure of a man should put him in minde of his creation and therefore not to live the life of a beast Os homini sublime dedit Coelumque tueri Iussit erectos ad sidera a tollera vultus God did give man to looke aloft and bad him cast his eye To view me heaven that golden globe the Sunne and starry skie The same Poet in another place giveth us very good counsell Neve diu praesume dapes sed desine citra Et capias paulo quam cupis esse minus Make not long meales but ever stay thy great longing desires And see thou alwaies ear lesse food than appetite requires And another late alleged Author witnesseth that the antient Numidians used meat and drinke onely as antidotes against hunger and thirst and not for riot and excesse And therefore it is recorded of Diogenes that hee was wont to scoffe and mocke those that sacrificed to the Gods for their good healths and then quite contrary to the rules of health would stuffe up their guts affirming withall that in vaine doe we aske chat of the Gods which was in our owne power And a famous antient Authour gives us warning that such meats and drinkes are to be avoided which besides the satisfying of hunger and thirst did yet provoke the appetite to more meat It were an easie matter for mee to bring in many more both heathen Poets and other Authors inveighing against this vice but that it would take me up too much time But there is a late Writer who among many things set downe against this vice hath this which followeth A certaine King

circumstances as they have beene at great length discussed so doeth it as evidently appeare that this is not the taske of any ignorant quack-salving Mountebancke Empericke Barber-surgeon or of an ignorant busie-bodie woman-physitian nay nor yet of a medling pragmaticall Minister but of a skilfull and judicious Artist able upon all occasions to adde what is wanting to alter what is not usefull and detract what is superfluous If this then be true in this dieteticall part as hath bin proved what shall wee then say of the administration of physicke it selfe If the unlearned by reason of their unsufficiencie are not to be allowed to deale with this dieteticall point how much more are they unable and unfit for this other of so great a consequence If the vulgar be so afraid of physicke that scarce can they sometimes be perswaded in cases of greatest extremitie and I cannot in some sort blame them there being so many dog-leaches and ignorant practitioners of all sorts suffered as it were to throw lots upon mens lives to admit of any lawfull remedie although exhibited by the hand of a skilfull learned and rationall Physitian why are some of them yea and some of a more refined judgement often so lavish of their lives that they will sooner commit themselves into the hands of any quack-salving Mountebancke or Barber-surgeon than into the hands of the must learned and judicious Artist and are often so shy of physicke as of some deadly and deleterious poison But it often befalleth them according to the old Proverbe Incidit in Scillam dum vult vitare Charybdim They leape out of the frying-pan into the fire And whereas the learned and skilfull Physitian is furnished with store of gentle and benigne medicines which offer no force nor violence to nature and if at any time the greatnesse and malignity of the disease indicate an addition of stronger remedies either to acuate and quicken the dull and sluggish quality of the others or to eradicate som inveterate disease yet is he able so to correct the malignity thereof that he can make it a soveraigne medicine for the healing of his infirmity the other on the contrary useth most commonly his crude maligne and unprepared medicines both mineralls and vegetables the hurt and smart whereof howsoever they be not at the first felt yet are they often afterwards the causes of many mischiefes besides that this kind of counterfeit Physitian purgeth often away as well the good as the bad humor the which is impossible for the patient to observe or discerne howsoever he knowes it to his cost But besides Empericks there is yet another sort of intruder upon the profession of phycsike as faulty if not more all things considered as the former practising Ministers I meane concerning whom although I have in the beginning of this discourse said something yet by reason of some seeming colourable objections might by themselves or others be made in their behalfe I will adde yet something before I make a full end although in my opinion this one place of S. Paul if there were no more Who is sufficient for these things were sufficient to confute them But I have heard some of them pretend a charity and love to their neighbours to helpe them in their need This reason as it first makes a glorious shew so if we shall narrowly view this pretended reason we shall find it like those faire apples of Sodom which being once touched turned into ashes and like those painted sepulchers being within full of rotten bones But this is no new practice to cover vice with the mantle of vertue which as it is most common so it is most accursed Simulata sanctitas duplex iniquitas And this by many places of Scripture I could make manifest but that I think it wil not be denied and I am loath to spend too much time on it Charitable workes I confesse are to be performed but every person is not fit for the performance of every worke of charity The ministers charity is to have a care of his peoples soules to visit and comfort them when they are sicke and even to extend their charity to their bodies according to their ability As for the curing of their bodies that exceedeth the compasse of their callings and in so doing they break down hedges and intrude upon another mans right If they shall reply that sometimes they do it to supply the place of a Physitian perhaps wanting I answere they are very witty to devise wiles to maintaine a wrong cause And it was a good speech of a worthy Divine of this shire now resting in peace O quam argutatrix est humana ratio praesertim quum aliquid de suis commodis emolumentis deciditur How hard doe men plead for their profits I say againe If a minister bee endued with any competent skill in this profession as perhaps having learned it before he betooke him to this profession and any of his parishioners be amisse either in the absence of a sufficient Physitian or yet in case of the patients poverty the ministers charity in such a case is most seasonable But my meaning is principally of such as make a pecuniary trafficke of this profession erect Apothecary shops in their houses and often traine up others in that profession which they are yet themselves to learne and have been knowne to have been most busie where able and sufficient Physitians were to be found And the want of able and learned physitians is often by meanes of their lawlesse intrusion occasioned It is not unknowne to some that some of these men have beene so impudent and shamelesse that they have often offered their service to the Gentry and people of best note some of them traffiquing to and fro to engrosse all imployment into their owne hands debasing and vilipending the actions of other able physitians and if perhaps at any time some successe doth second their bold attempts as sometimes Audentes fortuna juvat fortune helpes the hardy thou shalt then have them like that proud Menecrates bragge and boast of their noble exploits It is no doubt a hard case when no Physitian will serve the turne but Levies Tribe and if Lucullus were not Pompey cannot live scilicet It is a hard case no question when Physickes sufficiency is all covered under a Clergy mans cassocke But I would faine know what Aesculapius hath infused this sufficiency into them The famous Universities of this Kingdome doe quite disclaime them as informe Monsters and births borne out of season which never yet received the right shape of a Physitian The famous Physitians of the Colledge of London acknowledge them to have no part in the Hippocraticall common-wealth Their grave and learned Brethren of best note deny them some preaching against their practice and some againe publishing this dislike in print But it may bee they will claime kinred to the methodian Thessalus who taught that the profession