respect_n sina_n in_o their_o language_n signify_v a_o most_o brave_a and_o famous_a country_n other_o oppose_v will_v have_v this_o kingdom_n to_o derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o city_n chincheu_o because_o these_o people_n drive_v only_o a_o constant_a trade_n by_o sea_n to_o most_o place_n of_o asia_n so_o that_o the_o portuguese_n and_o indian_n by_o leave_v out_o the_o same_o letter_n of_o the_o word_n chincheu_o may_v easy_o give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o china_n but_o those_o be_v in_o a_o very_a great_a error_n that_o will_v have_v the_o word_n china_n to_o be_v derive_v from_o a_o certain_a word_n cinch_n which_o by_o the_o chinese_n be_v very_o much_o use_v the_o falseness_n of_o this_o assertion_n will_v clear_o appear_v from_o hence_o in_o that_o the_o chinese_n who_o trade_n with_o the_o indian_n or_o portuguese_n to_o those_o place_n and_o go_v with_o their_o ship_n to_o india_n use_v on_o the_o score_n of_o civility_n and_o kind_a respect_n to_o greet_v each_o other_o in_o their_o mother_n tongue_n not_o with_o the_o name_n of_o cinch_n but_o siam_fw-it now_o that_o which_o appear_v to_o i_o to_o be_v a_o most_o probable_a truth_n among_o the_o various_a opinion_n of_o writer_n be_v that_o which_o the_o jesuit_n martinus_n martinii_n a_o man_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o skill_n in_o the_o antiquity_n of_o china_n have_v assert_v in_o the_o six_o book_n of_o his_o history_n of_o china_n the_o word_n whereof_o be_v as_o follow_v i_o shall_v not_o say_v he_o let_v this_o pass_v unmentioned_a which_o seem_v to_o i_o most_o likely_a that_o not_o only_o by_o the_o indian_n but_o also_o by_o stranger_n the_o name_n china_n take_v rise_v and_o original_n from_o the_o generation_n family_n or_o branch_n of_o cina_n who_o govern_v in_o china_n in_o the_o 246._o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n so_o that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o call_v it_o china_n but_o rather_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sinen_n or_o cinen_n for_o in_o the_o time_n of_o those_o king_n which_o proceed_v from_o this_o branch_n the_o name_n of_o siner_n be_v first_o make_v know_v by_o stranger_n and_o especial_o by_o the_o indian_n by_o the_o indian_n the_o name_n of_o china_n afterward_o come_v into_o use_n and_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o portuguese_n after_o the_o conquest_n of_o india_n for_o this_o family_n of_o cina_n govern_v over_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o siner_n who_o live_v towards_o the_o west_n and_o continual_o have_v war_n with_o foreiner_n when_o afterward_o the_o court_n or_o seat_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v plant_v there_o receive_v the_o name_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n this_o family_n of_o cina_n be_v rise_v to_o the_o high_a pitch_n of_o all_o prosperity_n prove_v after_o a_o great_a invader_n of_o other_o territory_n insomuch_o that_o it_o seem_v no_o wonder_n that_o stranger_n and_o remote_a nation_n have_v the_o name_n of_o cina_n so_o frequent_a among_o they_o and_o though_o the_o sineses_n call_v this_o far_a part_n of_o asia_n or_o cina_n by_o several_a name_n according_a to_o the_o govern_v family_n that_o happen_v to_o change_v yet_o however_o foreiner_n do_v reserve_v the_o first_o name_n which_o they_o hear_v and_o this_o be_v my_o opinion_n concern_v the_o original_a of_o the_o name_n sina_n and_o according_a to_o this_o assertion_n the_o first_o letter_n of_o the_o word_n ought_v to_o be_v write_v not_o with_o a_o saint_n but_o with_o a_o c._n all_o china_n be_v former_o divide_v by_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n xunus_n into_o 12_o province_n china_n afterward_o the_o emperor_n yva_n who_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n after_o the_o death_n of_o xinus_fw-la about_o 260_o year_n before_o the_o incarnation_n of_o our_o saviour_n reduce_v all_o china_n into_o nine_o province_n which_o only_o at_o that_o time_n comprehend_v the_o northern_a part_n of_o china_n and_o have_v for_o their_o confine_n the_o river_n kiang_n but_o after_o that_o they_o have_v conquer_a the_o southern_a part_n by_o degree_n and_o somewhat_o civilise_v the_o inhabitant_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o china_n be_v divide_v into_o 15_o province_n among_o these_o also_o they_o reckon_v the_o province_n of_o leaotung_n which_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o west_n of_o peking_n where_o the_o great_a wall_n begin_v and_o the_o hanging-island_n of_o corea_n both_o which_o pay_v tribute_n to_o the_o emperor_n there_o be_v several_a other_o island_n beside_o which_o pay_v also_o tribute_n among_o which_o the_o island_n haman_n be_v the_o chief_a lie_v in_o the_o sea_n over_o against_o the_o province_n of_o quangsi_n among_o the_o island_n which_o be_v tributary_n to_o this_o kingdom_n be_v also_o account_v the_o island_n formosa_fw-la which_o the_o chineses_n call_v lieukieu_o and_o situate_v over_o against_o the_o province_n of_o foken_n and_o also_o the_o island_n cheuxan_n over_o against_o the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n a_o very_a famous_a place_n for_o trading_n but_o of_o this_o more_o at_o large_a hereafter_o six_o of_o the_o 15_o province_n verge_n upon_o the_o sea_n as_o peking_n xantung_n kiangnan_n or_o nank_v cheaiang_n foke_v and_o quantung_v from_o hence_o towards_o the_o north_n lie_v the_o midland_n country_n as_o quangsi_n kiangsi_fw-la huquang_n honan_n and_o xansi_fw-fr and_o towards_o the_o west_n the_o other_o four_o xensi_fw-la sucheu_fw-la queicheu_o and_o junnan_n last_o this_o empire_n which_o comprehend_v 15_o kingdom_n be_v also_o divide_v into_o the_o south_n and_o north-china_n south-china_n the_o tartar_n call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o mangin_n and_o north-china_n the_o kingdom_n of_o catay_n in_o the_o first_o be_v nine_o kingdom_n and_o in_o the_o last_o six_o or_o eight_o if_o you_o will_v reckon_v among_o they_o the_o kingdom_n of_o leaotung_n and_o the_o hanging-island_n of_o corea_n by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v it_o do_v clear_o appear_v how_o far_o those_o be_v mistake_v who_o write_v of_o another_o empire_n beyond_o china_n which_o they_o call_v catay_n as_o likewise_o of_o several_a town_n as_o quinsey_n cambalu_n and_o many_o other_o fiction_n whereas_o in_o truth_n beyond_o the_o great_a wall_n no_o other_o people_n live_v but_o tartar_n who_o have_v no_o fix_a abode_n but_o wander_v up_o and_o down_o the_o country_n in_o wagon_n and_o so_o travel_v from_o place_n to_o place_n as_o may_v be_v find_v at_o large_a in_o the_o write_n of_o those_o who_o have_v sufficient_o confute_v this_o great_a error_n and_o mistake_v as_o virgantius_fw-la and_o martinus_n martinii_n in_o his_o atlas_n of_o china_n among_o the_o rest_n the_o jesuit_n have_v likewise_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o beyond_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n no_o monarchy_n of_o catay_n be_v to_o be_v find_v insomuch_o that_o the_o same_o people_n who_o we_o call_v chineses_n be_v by_o the_o persian_n call_v cataians_n this_o same_o mistake_n have_v be_v likewise_o sufficient_o and_o learned_o confute_v with_o undeniable_a argument_n by_o the_o most_o learned_a jacob_n gool_n a_o person_n of_o extraordinary_a knowledge_n in_o all_o art_n of_o literature_n and_o especial_o in_o the_o oriental_a language_n and_o at_o present_a arabic_a professor_n in_o the_o university_n of_o leyden_n in_o his_o appendix_n to_o the_o atlas_n of_o china_n the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n be_v so_o enclose_v with_o several_a island_n and_o on_o the_o east_n and_o south_n with_o sea_n that_o it_o seem_v almost_o to_o be_v foursquare_a only_o two_o great_a mountain_n thrust_v themselves_o out_o towards_o the_o sea_n which_o in_o the_o chinese_n language_n be_v call_v tung_n the_o one_o lie_n by_o the_o town_n of_o ningpo_n from_o whence_o you_o may_v sail_v in_o 40_o hour_n to_o the_o island_n of_o japan_n the_o other_o great_a hill_n be_v in_o the_o province_n of_o xantung_n near_o to_o the_o town_n of_o tengoheu_o china_n situate_v in_o the_o far_a part_n of_o asia_n situation_n border_n towards_o the_o east_n south_n and_o west_n upon_o the_o great_a indian_a sea_n and_o be_v call_v tung_n by_o the_o chinese_n which_o signify_v easterly_a and_o on_o the_o north_n it_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ninche_n and_o nicolhan_n by_o that_o famous_a wall_n which_o be_v make_v by_o those_o of_o china_n against_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o tartar_n high_a up_o towards_o the_o north_n it_o have_v for_o frontier_n the_o kingdom_n of_o taniju_n and_o a_o wilderness_n call_v samo_n which_o separate_v the_o north_n side_n of_o this_o china_n from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o samahan_n and_o cascar_n upon_o the_o other_o province_n situate_v towards_o the_o south_n join_v the_o kingdom_n of_o prester-iohn_n geo_n which_o by_o the_o chinese_n be_v call_v by_o one_o common_a name_n sifan_n as_o also_o tibet_n laos_n and_o mien_n likewise_o china_n reach_v as_o far_o as_o brangale_n and_o to_o some_o part_n of_o tartary_n and_o the_o mountain_n of_o damascus_n which_o
without_o by_o mean_n whereof_o there_o be_v such_o great_a and_o swarm_a herd_n continual_o keep_v in_o the_o street_n that_o they_o be_v hardly_o passable_a yet_o they_o be_v always_o keep_v very_o clean_o great_a number_n of_o people_n be_v continual_o employ_v in_o take_v away_o the_o filth_n in_o the_o province_n of_o peking_n there_o be_v some_o cat_n with_o very_a long_a hair_n as_o white_a as_o milk_n and_o have_v long_a ear_n like_o a_o spaniel_n the_o gentlewoman_n keep_v they_o for_o their_o pleasure_n for_o they_o will_v not_o hunt_v after_o or_o catch_v mouse_n the_o reason_n perhaps_o be_v for_o that_o they_o be_v too_o high_a feed_v yet_o they_o have_v store_n of_o other_o cat_n which_o be_v good_a mouser_n in_o the_o province_n of_o junnan_n and_o suchue_n be_v the_o best_a horse_n and_o in_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la upon_o the_o mountain_n holan_n three_o hundred_o mile_n large_a be_v many_o wild_a horse_n their_o horse_n be_v general_o but_o of_o a_o mean_a stature_n yet_o well_o set_v broad_a buttocked_a and_o strong_a for_o service_n near_o sve_v be_v yellow_a mouse_n very_o large_a who_o skin_n be_v in_o much_o request_n among_o the_o people_n in_o all_o part_n of_o china_n especial_o in_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n be_v abundance_n of_o stag_n buck_n hare_n etc._n etc._n in_o xantung_n be_v many_o ravenous_a wolf_n and_o in_o xensi_fw-la abundance_n of_o bear_n the_o fore-feet_n whereof_o be_v hold_v in_o great_a esteem_n by_o the_o native_n near_o to_o the_o chief_a city_n linyao_n lie_v some_o mountain_n upon_o which_o be_v breed_v wild_a ox_n and_o creature_n like_o tiger_n with_o who_o skin_n the_o inhabitant_n make_v their_o clothes_n in_o the_o province_n of_o suchue_n near_o the_o city_n po_n be_v a_o creature_n call_v the_o rhinoceros_n it_o be_v of_o a_o swart_a hue_n like_o the_o elephant_n the_o skin_n be_v full_a of_o wrinkle_n and_o so_o hard_o withal_o that_o it_o can_v scarce_o be_v pierce_v with_o a_o sword_n it_o have_v a_o snout_n like_o a_o hog_n but_o sharp_a and_o above_o the_o nostril_n stand_v the_o horn_n which_o be_v general_o black_a now_o and_o then_o there_o be_v one_o white_a but_o very_o seldom_o and_o that_o be_v sell_v much_o dear_a than_o the_o other_o and_o indeed_o one_o be_v large_a than_o the_o other_o according_a to_o the_o age_n of_o the_o beast_n there_o be_v great_a store_n of_o tiger_n in_o the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n mischievous_a and_o fierce_a according_a to_o their_o nature_n but_o upon_o the_o mountain_n kutien_n be_v some_o that_o will_v not_o hurt_v a_o man._n in_o several_a part_n of_o china_n also_o be_v elephant_n breed_v but_o the_o best_a be_v in_o the_o province_n of_o nank_v and_o junnan_n i_o shall_v only_o add_v a_o few_o word_n concern_v they_o so_o much_o have_v be_v already_o say_v by_o several_a author_n their_o bigness_n be_v various_a at_o constantinople_n be_v one_o see_v which_o from_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o furthermost_a part_n of_o the_o back_n be_v eleven_o foot_n and_o from_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o end_n of_o his_o snout_n eight_o foot_n long_o in_o height_n some_o be_v twelve_o other_o thirteen_o and_o fourteen_o foot_n they_o be_v general_o black_a but_o some_o chinese_n writer_n affirm_v that_o the_o king_n of_o nazaringa_n have_v a_o white_a one_o their_o skin_n be_v like_a network_n but_o so_o extraordinary_a hard_a that_o it_o will_v turn_v the_o edge_n of_o a_o sword_n yet_o it_o be_v hard_a upon_o the_o back_n than_o the_o belly_n for_o the_o chew_v of_o their_o meat_n they_o have_v four_o tooth_n within_o beside_o those_o that_o stick_v out_o before_o which_o stand_v crooked_a in_o the_o male_a and_o downright_o in_o the_o female_a the_o nether_a jawbone_n be_v only_o move_v in_o chew_v the_o upper_a always_o rest_v in_o that_o part_n where_o the_o nose_n be_v place_v in_o other_o creature_n the_o elephant_n have_v a_o long_a trunk_n or_o snout_n which_o reach_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o have_v a_o slit_v at_o the_o end_n this_o be_v both_o pliable_a and_o slippery_a which_o they_o make_v use_v of_o in_o stead_n of_o a_o hand_n for_o they_o can_v take_v up_o any_o thing_n with_o it_o either_o moist_a or_o dry_a and_o put_v it_o into_o their_o mouth_n in_o the_o province_n of_o junnan_n the_o hill_n nalo_n be_v full_a of_o wild_a tiger_n and_o leopard_n and_o so_o also_o be_v the_o mountain_n xepao_n in_o the_o province_n of_o quangsi_n they_o be_v much_o fierce_a than_o lion_n and_o very_o hot_a and_o eager_a in_o the_o pursuit_n of_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n but_o nature_n have_v in_o some_o sort_n provide_v a_o mean_n whereby_o to_o avoid_v the_o cruelty_n of_o this_o beast_n for_o it_o be_v always_o accompany_v with_o a_o small_a creature_n which_o with_o continual_a barking_n give_v notice_n of_o its_o come_n upon_o which_o noise_n every_o live_a thing_n endeavour_v to_o get_v out_o of_o the_o way_n by_o flight_n or_o otherwise_o the_o people_n of_o bengala_n stand_v in_o very_o great_a dread_n of_o this_o beast_n the_o tiger_n and_o rhinoceros_n as_o bontius_n write_v be_v great_a friend_n to_o one_o another_o converse_v much_o together_o the_o reason_n whereof_o the_o islander_n of_o japan_n tell_v i_o be_v as_o they_o suppose_v and_o which_o be_v not_o improbable_a because_o the_o tiger_n be_v altogether_o a_o devourer_n of_o flesh_n which_o must_v of_o necessity_n occasion_n a_o weak_a stomach_n whereas_o the_o rhinoceros_n feed_v only_o upon_o green_n therefore_o the_o tiger_n follow_v he_o for_o his_o dung_n sake_n which_o he_o eat_v for_o a_o cure_n when_o he_o be_v out_o of_o order_n as_o the_o dog_n grass_n and_o the_o cat_n nip_v or_o cats-mint_n in_o the_o province_n of_o quangsi_n be_v very_o large_a hog_n with_o great_a and_o strong_a bristle_n of_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o which_o by_o a_o particular_a and_o strange_a motion_n of_o the_o body_n they_o know_v how_o to_o dart_v towards_o any_o one_o and_o that_o not_o without_o great_a prejudice_n of_o those_o they_o hit_v in_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la be_v find_v the_o creature_n call_v xee_v from_o who_o proceed_v the_o musk_n and_o which_o be_v very_o strange_a if_o at_o any_o time_n it_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lu._n into_o the_o adjacent_a kingdom_n of_o laos_n it_o die_v immediate_o as_o a_o fish_n out_o of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o gannan_n be_v a_o certain_a creature_n call_v tese_n which_o in_o shape_n come_v very_o near_o to_o a_o man_n have_v long_a arm_n he_o be_v black_a and_o hairy_a upon_o the_o body_n swift_a of_o foot_n and_o laugh_v aloud_o like_o a_o man_n but_o be_v of_o so_o voracious_a a_o nature_n that_o whosoever_o he_o meet_v with_o he_o instant_o devour_v in_o the_o province_n of_o suchue_n lie_v a_o mountain_n call_v toyung_a upon_o which_o be_v monkey_n or_o baboon_n which_o for_o bigness_n and_o shape_n be_v very_o like_o a_o man._n these_o creature_n be_v more_o than_o ordinary_o addict_v to_o venery_n so_o that_o they_o often_o attempt_v to_o surprise_v woman_n on_o purpose_n to_o satisfy_v their_o beastial_a lust_n and_o have_v their_o will_n on_o they_o the_o indian_n call_v they_o wild_a man_n and_o the_o indian_a woman_n be_v in_o such_o fear_n of_o they_o that_o they_o dare_v not_o come_v near_o those_o wood_n where_o they_o frequent_a of_o fowl_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xantung_n be_v hen_n and_o fat_a capon_n to_o be_v have_v very_o cheap_a as_o also_o great_a abundance_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o fowl_n as_o pheasant_n partridge_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la about_o mincheu_o be_v cock_n and_o hen_n have_v wool_n upon_o they_o in_o stead_n of_o feather_n in_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n be_v a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o duck_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n take_v great_a delight_n to_o breed_v and_o increase_v they_o never_o suffer_v the_o duck_n to_o sit_v upon_o her_o egg_n to_o hatch_v they_o but_o put_v they_o into_o a_o oven_n moderate_o heat_v or_o else_o bury_v they_o in_o a_o dunghill_n and_o so_o hatch_v the_o young_a one_o in_o the_o province_n of_o huquang_n near_o to_o the_o city_n hanyang_n may_v be_v catch_v great_a store_n of_o goose_n there_o be_v several_a other_o sort_n of_o fowl_n and_o bird_n in_o other_o province_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o make_v mention_n in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o the_o description_n of_o china_n of_o fish_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xantung_n the_o pool_n and_o river_n do_v so_o abound_v with_o fish_n that_o for_o the_o value_n of_o a_o penny_n you_o may_v buy_v ten_o pound_v weight_n thereof_o in_o the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n be_v a_o great_a abundance_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o fish_n especial_o of_o salmon_n and_o the_o like_a in_o the_o
conclude_v to_o form_v themselves_o into_o a_o distinct_a commonwealth_n and_o to_o send_v some_o of_o their_o people_n as_o colony_n to_o inhabit_v other_o part_n thus_o at_o last_o they_o divide_v the_o whole_a district_n of_o ninche_n into_o seven_o principality_n or_o government_n who_o for_o a_o while_n agree_v among_o themselves_o without_o any_o grand_a disturbance_n or_o pretence_n of_o warring_n with_o each_o other_o but_o at_o length_n upon_o some_o occasion_n quarrel_n arise_v which_o break_v forth_o into_o a_o long_a war_n wherein_o the_o victor_n assume_v to_o themselves_o absolute_a principality_n turn_v their_o commonwealth_n in_o the_o year_n 1600_o after_o christ_n birth_n into_o a_o monarchy_n and_o call_v it_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ninche_n this_o ninche_n which_o be_v proper_o east-tartary_n and_o as_o yet_o very_o little_o know_v to_o those_o of_o europe_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n and_o north-east_n with_o another_o tartar_a kingdom_n call_v niulhan_n 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that_o it_o have_v river_n upon_o the_o side_n whereof_o great_a store_n of_o gold_n be_v take_v up_o daily_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o tartar_n of_o several_a part_n have_v at_o divers_a time_n war_v on_o china_n but_o the_o people_n of_o ninche_n above_o all_o have_v always_o be_v their_o great_a enemy_n have_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o race_n of_o sunga_n give_v so_o great_a overthrow_v to_o their_o force_n and_o make_v such_o depredation_n upon_o their_o land_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o fly_v out_o of_o the_o northern_a province_n into_o the_o southern_a the_o ninchians_n have_v subdue_v and_o bring_v under_o their_o subjection_n the_o province_n of_o laotung_n peking_n xensi_fw-la xensi_fw-la and_o xantung_v and_o without_o all_o doubt_n at_o that_o time_n will_v have_v conquer_v the_o whole_a empire_n if_o the_o neighbour_a tartar_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o samarcand_n who_o envy_v their_o great_a success_n after_o the_o conquest_n of_o a_o great_a 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natural_a enmity_n to_o the_o tartar_n say_v in_o derision_n of_o they_o that_o they_o live_v in_o holes_n and_o cave_n under_o ground_n which_o be_v not_o so_o for_o they_o keep_v in_o very_o strong_a and_o well-wrought_a tent_n which_o they_o use_v in_o stead_n of_o house_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n make_v of_o silk_n or_o stuff_n and_o so_o curious_o paint_v that_o they_o shine_v in_o the_o sun_n like_o looking-glass_n and_o keep_v out_o the_o rain_n so_o that_o none_o drop_v through_o of_o these_o person_n of_o quality_n have_v several_a which_o yet_o be_v so_o contrive_v that_o they_o seem_v but_o one_o in_o some_o part_n of_o which_o the_o wife_n and_o child_n remain_v in_o other_o the_o servant_n and_o some_o be_v for_o necessary_a use_n as_o kitchen_n and_o the_o like_a they_o relate_v that_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o race_n of_o ivena_n there_o be_v a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o four_o city_n in_o this_o east-tartary_n but_o whether_o there_o be_v so_o many_o now_o i_o can_v affirm_v in_o regard_n the_o tartar_n themselves_o in_o china_n be_v not_o able_a to_o inform_v i_o all_o their_o town_n and_o place_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n movable_n which_o the_o latin_n call_v horda_fw-mi with_o which_o and_o the_o cattle_n and_o family_n they_o remove_v from_o place_n to_o place_n change_v according_a to_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o pitch_v where_o the_o best_a accommodation_n be_v to_o be_v have_v the_o clothes_n of_o the_o poor_a sort_n be_v make_v of_o skin_n but_o the_o rich_a go_v clad_v in_o silk_n and_o cotton_n though_o there_o grow_v neither_o in_o the_o province_n of_o ninche_n but_o such_o among_o they_o as_o trade_n come_v and_o buy_v it_o of_o the_o chinese_n or_o exchange_v other_o commodity_n for_o it_o as_o skin_n of_o wolf_n fox_n beaver_n otter_n sable_n and_o the_o like_a the_o man_n wear_v long_a coat_n down_o to_o their_o heel_n with_o narrow_a sleeve_n and_o about_o their_o middle_n be_v a_o broad_a girdle_n with_o a_o cloth_n fasten_v to_o it_o wherewith_o they_o wipe_v their_o face_n at_o their_o side_n hang_v a_o knife_n and_o two_o little_a puâ—ses_n wherein_o they_o put_v tobacco_n which_o be_v take_v by_o they_o with_o great_a delight_n insomuch_o that_o the_o noble_a visitant_n be_v treat_v with_o the_o same_o it_o be_v bring_v they_o light_v by_o a_o servant_n of_o the_o house_n on_o the_o left_a side_n they_o wear_v a_o hanger_n or_o zable_n with_o the_o edge_n turn_v forward_o and_o the_o hilt_n behind_o insomuch_o that_o when_o they_o be_v on_o horseback_n they_o can_v draw_v their_o zable_n with_o great_a dexterity_n by_o lay_v the_o right_a hand_n behind_o over_o their_o back_n upon_o the_o hilt_n without_o hold_v fast_o or_o so_o much_o as_o touch_v the_o scabbard_n in_o the_o summertime_n for_o coolness_n they_o wear_v hat_n of_o straw_n but_o in_o winter_n cap_n which_o come_v down_o over_o their_o ear_n with_o a_o edge_n of_o fur_n about_o it_o the_o soldier_n wear_v common_o iron_n helmet_n upon_o their_o head_n differ_v very_o little_a in_o fashion_n from_o such_o as_o be_v use_v in_o europe_n only_o they_o have_v no_o fence_n for_o the_o face_n in_o stead_n of_o feather_n they_o wear_v either_o a_o horse_n main_a or_o tail_n die_v red_a their_o other_o defensive_a arm_n be_v iron_n breast-piece_n not_o make_v of_o one_o piece_n but_o of_o several_a plate_n fasten_v together_o with_o nail_n so_o that_o they_o make_v a_o hideous_a noise_n when_o they_o be_v upon_o their_o march_n but_o especial_o the_o horse_n their_o offensive_a arm_n be_v a_o bow_n arrow_n and_o hanger_n for_o gun_n or_o musket_n be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o they_o the_o horseman_n be_v general_o clad_v in_o black_a to_o make_v they_o look_v terrible_a have_v boot_n on_o make_v of_o horse-leather_n with_o thick_a sole_n but_o no_o spur_n there_o be_v among_o they_o very_o few_o foot-soldier_n for_o be_v general_o good_a horseman_n they_o turn_v all_o their_o force_n into_o cavalry_n who_o 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from_o the_o weight_n or_o encumbrance_n of_o all_o extraneous_a concernment_n live_v in_o quiet_a and_o repose_v within_o the_o private_a apartment_n or_o withdrawing_n of_o his_o palace_n lama_n be_v adore_v like_o a_o deity_n and_o that_o not_o only_o by_o the_o native_n but_o of_o all_o the_o king_n that_o be_v subject_a unto_o the_o empire_n of_o tartary_n who_o undertake_v voluntary_a journey_n or_o pilgrimage_n unto_o he_o they_o adore_v he_o as_o the_o true_a and_o living_n god_n and_o call_v he_o the_o eternal_a and_o heavenly_a father_n offer_v a_o multitude_n of_o present_n and_o oblation_n to_o he_o he_o sit_v in_o a_o obscure_a chamber_n or_o room_n of_o his_o palace_n adorn_v with_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o render_v resplendent_a by_o the_o multiplicite_a lustre_n of_o flame_a lamp_n in_o a_o lofty_a place_n upon_o a_o couch_n which_o be_v cover_v with_o costly_a tapestry_n unto_o who_o stranger_n at_o their_o approach_n fall_v prostrate_a with_o their_o head_n to_o the_o ground_n and_o kiss_v he_o with_o incredible_a veneration_n which_o be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o which_o be_v perform_v unto_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n so_o that_o hence_o the_o fraud_n and_o deceit_n of_o the_o devil_n may_v easy_o and_o plain_o appear_v who_o by_o his_o innate_a malignity_n and_o hatred_n in_o way_n of_o abuse_n have_v transfer_v as_o he_o have_v do_v all_o the_o other_o mystery_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n the_o veneration_n which_o be_v due_a unto_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n the_o only_a vicar_n of_o christ_n on_o earth_n unto_o the_o superstitious_a worship_n of_o barbarous_a people_n the_o castle_n wherein_o the_o great_a lama_n inhabit_v be_v situate_a at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o city_n barantola_n and_o be_v call_v by_o they_o bietala_n a_o draught_n whereof_o be_v express_v in_o the_o sixteen_o figure_n xvii_o and_o xviii_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o necbal_n xix_o a_o northern_a tarstar_n this_o great_a lama_n be_v of_o so_o great_a authority_n throughout_o all_o tartary_n that_o there_o 〈◊〉_d no_o king_n crown_v in_o any_o place_n who_o do_v not_o first_o send_v his_o ambassador_n with_o inestimable_a present_n to_o crave_v his_o benediction_n as_o a_o happy_a omen_n of_o his_o entrance_n upon_o the_o kingdom_n see_v what_o i_o have_v say_v at_o large_a in_o the_o precede_a discourse_n concern_v the_o honour_n confer_v on_o he_o by_o the_o imperial_a monarch_n of_o tartary_n and_o china_n where_o also_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v that_o this_o whole_a superstitious_a worship_n of_o the_o great_a lama_n take_v its_o original_n from_o that_o famous_a presbyte_v john_n who_o have_v his_o residence_n in_o this_o kingdom_n of_o tanchut_n but_o thus_o much_o shall_v suffice_v for_o the_o great_a lama_n they_o see_v also_o strange_a habit_v woman_n at_o barantola_n which_o come_v thither_o out_o of_o the_o adjacent_a kingdom_n of_o coin_n the_o noble_a woman_n braid_v or_o curl_v all_o theiâ—_n hair_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o hairlace_n or_o small_a band_n and_o wreath_n it_o behind_o they_o on_o their_o forehead_n they_o wear_v a_o red_a fillet_n beset_v with_o pearl_n on_o the_o top_n of_o their_o head_n they_o bear_v a_o silver_n crown_n interlace_v with_o turchoise_n and_o coral_n have_v leave_v the_o kingdom_n of_o lassa_n or_o barantola_n in_o a_o month_n voyage_n they_o come_v over_o the_o most_o high_a mountain_n langur_n langur_n which_o we_o have_v describe_v a_o little_a before_o unto_o the_o kingdom_n of_o necbal_n where_o they_o find_v nothing_o want_v 〈◊〉_d to_o humane_a sustenance_n nor_o can_v any_o good_a be_v wish_v they_o which_o they_o do_v not_o enjoy_v except_o the_o light_n of_o the_o gospel_n for_o they_o be_v all_o involve_a in_o 〈◊〉_d thick_a cloud_n of_o heathenish_a blindness_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o this_o kingdom_n 〈◊〉_d cuthi_n and_o nesti_n it_o be_v a_o custom_n in_o this_o country_n that_o if_o you_o drink_v to_o a_o woman_n the_o other_o man_n or_o woman_n that_o be_v in_o the_o company_n pour_v in_o the_o liquor_n cha_fw-mi or_o 〈◊〉_d wine_n three_o time_n for_o they_o and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o drink_v affix_v three_o piece_n 〈◊〉_d butter_n to_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o pot_n or_o cup_n those_o that_o pledge_n or_o drink_v after_o they_o take_v they_o off_o again_o and_o stick_v they_o upon_o their_o forehead_n the_o king_n of_o necbal_n show_v himself_o extraordinary_a courteous_a to_o our_o father_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o present_a they_o bestow_v on_o he_o which_o be_v a_o perspective-glass_n and_o other_o very_a curious_a mathematical_a instrument_n with_o which_o he_o be_v so_o take_v that_o he_o whole_o determine_v with_o himself_o not_o to_o let_v they_o go_v which_o he_o have_v not_o do_v but_o that_o they_o make_v he_o a_o faithful_a promise_n to_o return_v thither_o again_o which_o if_o they_o perform_v he_o promise_v to_o erect_v a_o house_n for_o their_o use_n and_o exercise_n endow_v with_o most_o ample_a revenue_n and_o also_o to_o grant_v they_o a_o plenary_a power_n to_o introduce_v the_o christian_a law_n into_o his_o kingdom_n depart_v from_o necbal_n they_o come_v to_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o maranga_n which_o be_v enclose_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o thebet_n who_o metropolis_n be_v radoc_n the_o utmost_a bind_v of_o the_o voyage_n former_o undertake_v by_o father_n andradas_n where_o they_o find_v many_o mark_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n in_o time_n pass_v there_o plant_v from_o the_o name_n of_o dominick_n francis_n and_o anthony_n by_o which_o the_o man_n be_v call_v from_o hence_o they_o arrive_v at_o that_o first_o city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o mogor_n so_o well_o know_v unto_o the_o world_n by_o the_o name_n of_o hedonda_n and_o thence_o they_o come_v to_o battana_n a_o city_n of_o bengala_n situate_v on_o ganges_n thence_o to_o benares_n a_o city_n famous_a for_o a_o academy_n of_o the_o brahmin_n and_o at_o last_o to_o agra_n the_o imperial_a city_n of_o the_o mogor_n where_o father_n albert_n dorville_n break_v with_o the_o labour_n of_o his_o travel_n and_o full_a or_o replenish_v with_o merit_n leave_v this_o terrestrial_a country_n depart_v as_o we_o pious_o believe_v unto_o the_o heavenly_a mansion_n in_o a_o middle_a way_n between_o europe_n and_o china_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o voyage_n attempt_v by_o father_n amatus_fw-la chesaud_n a_o frenchman_n superior_a of_o the_o residency_n of_o isphahan_n for_o the_o discovery_n of_o a_o easy_a and_o ready_a passage_n into_o china_n extract_v out_o of_o his_o letter_n write_v in_o the_o persian_a language_n and_o direct_v unto_o father_n athanasius_n kircher_n the_o letter_n be_v to_o this_o effect_n i_o write_v not_o this_o letter_n from_o hispahan_n chesaud_n but_o in_o the_o way_n be_v return_v from_o the_o city_n hairat_fw-la sfahanum_n from_o which_o city_n it_o be_v almost_o a_o year_n since_o i_o depart_v towards_o baich_n which_o be_v the_o regal_a city_n of_o usbeck_n that_o i_o may_v discover_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o possible_a way_n of_o pass_v through_o the_o foresay_a usbeck_n and_o turkestan_n into_o cathay_n and_o hence_o into_o china_n but_o indeed_o as_o i_o come_v hither_o with_o the_o ambassador_n of_o usbeck_n unto_o the_o bound_n of_o kezalbax_n i_o find_v that_o way_n both_o difficult_a and_o dangerous_a therefore_o i_o continue_v for_o some_o month_n at_o hairat_n which_o city_n be_v former_o call_v sciandria_n and_o there_o i_o narrow_o view_v the_o place_n which_o the_o ancient_n call_v bachtra_n where_o there_o be_v a_o great_a university_n or_o academy_n build_v by_o the_o son_n of_o the_o famous_a tamerlang_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v destroy_v by_o degree_n and_o run_v to_o ruin_n for_o want_v of_o repair_n as_o also_o many_o other_o edifice_n which_o be_v former_o there_o build_v about_o the_o same_o time_n in_o which_o that_o city_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o usbequi_fw-la from_o this_o place_n at_o length_n i_o come_v to_o the_o city_n maxahad_n which_o other_o call_v sancta_fw-la where_o there_o be_v a_o fair_a mesquit_n adorn_v with_o gold_n in_o this_o place_n i_o continue_v two_o month_n and_o here_o dispute_v with_o the_o learned_a of_o who_o there_o be_v many_o about_o the_o law_n and_o i_o find_v that_o albeit_o they_o open_o and_o abroad_o praise_v their_o own_o sect_n yet_o they_o hold_v that_o other_o of_o a_o contrary_a persuasion_n ought_v to_o observe_v the_o king_n law_n their_o time_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o come_v i_o depart_v from_o this_o place_n and_o come_v to_o nixapor_n and_o sabazuar_n which_o belong_v unto_o chorasan_n from_o whence_o i_o pass_v through_o the_o city_n setam_fw-la damgan_n and_o jamnam_fw-la and_o at_o last_o arrive_v at_o kaxanum_fw-la in_o the_o province_n of_o aracand_n which_o be_v thirty_o farsang_n distant_a from_o sfahanum_n this_o tract_n of_o land_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n barren_a
design_n and_o that_o in_o take_v accurate_a map_n and_o sketche_n not_o only_o of_o the_o country_n and_o town_n but_o also_o of_o beast_n bird_n fish_n and_o plant_n and_o other_o rarity_n never_o divulge_v as_o i_o be_o inform_v heretofore_o but_o now_o to_o remove_v some_o obstruction_n and_o to_o clear_v the_o way_n that_o posterity_n may_v not_o be_v bereave_v of_o the_o fruit_n of_o these_o my_o endeavour_n i_o find_v myself_o high_o necessitate_v to_o relate_v what_o pass_v in_o this_o undertake_n with_o as_o much_o candour_n and_o brevity_n as_o the_o work_n may_v possible_o require_v but_o before_o i_o engage_v myself_o it_o seem_v also_o not_o amiss_o to_o set_v forth_o brief_o the_o division_n of_o the_o universal_a globe_n and_o likewise_o the_o etymology_n or_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n china_n the_o condition_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o the_o extent_n thereof_o and_o last_o the_o ten_o province_n of_o the_o fifteen_o into_o which_o that_o county_n divide_v itself_o and_o the_o town_n and_o city_n through_o which_o we_o do_v not_o pass_v the_o terraqueous_a globe_n comprehend_v sea_n and_o land_n globe_n rivers_n and_o lake_n stand_v divide_v by_o modern_a geographer_n into_o two_o semi-orb_n viz._n the_o old_a and_o new_a world_n the_o old_a contain_v europe_n asia_n and_o africa_n the_o new_a america_n not_o much_o less_o in_o extent_n to_o all_o those_o vast_a region_n discover_v before_o name_v so_o from_o americus_n vesputius_n a_o florentine_a but_o indeed_o first_o find_v out_o by_o christopher_n columbus_n a_o genoese_a furnish_v out_o for_o so_o great_a a_o expedition_n by_o ferdinand_n and_o isabel_n king_n and_o queen_n of_o castille_n and_o arragon_n in_o the_o year_n 1492._o but_o five_o year_n after_o americus_n voyage_v make_v his_o approach_n high_a into_o those_o unknown_a confine_n and_o so_o get_v by_o a_o lucky_a hit_v or_o something_o in_o his_o name_n the_o honour_n of_o denomination_n of_o the_o moiety_n of_o the_o world_n from_o the_o prime_a discoverer_n to_o who_o so_o great_a a_o glory_n belong_v since_o vulgar_o call_v the_o west-indies_n not_o improper_o the_o east_n be_v by_o sea_n find_v by_o we_o about_o the_o same_o time_n under_o our_o new_a world_n may_v also_o be_v comprise_v those_o vast_a southern_a coast_n and_o straits_n of_o magellan_n first_o light_v on_o by_o ferdinandus_n magellanus_fw-la in_o the_o year_n 1520._o in_o his_o circumnavigation_n of_o the_o universe_n which_o forty_o five_o year_n after_o sir_n francis_n drake_n and_o next_o sir_n thomas_n bendish_n englishman_n make_v a_o far_a inspection_n into_o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1600._o oliver_n van_fw-mi noord_n a_o hollander_n pass_v but_o of_o late_a year_n a_o spaniard_n ferdinand_n de_fw-fr quire_n outshoot_v they_o all_o by_o a_o more_o ample_a discovery_n than_o all_o the_o former_a asia_n not_o to_o make_v mention_n of_o any_o other_o division_n of_o the_o world_n divide_v be_v impertinent_a to_o the_o follow_a discourse_n stand_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n by_o the_o tartarick_a sea_n on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o great_a indian_a ocean_n call_v eous_fw-la and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o same_o on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n and_o the_o slip_n of_o land_n situate_v betwixt_o this_o gulf_n and_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n the_o extent_n of_o which_o from_o the_o hellespont_n as_o far_o as_o mallassa_n the_o utmost_a town_n of_o traffic_n in_o india_n consist_v of_o 1300_o dutch_a mile_n the_o breadth_n from_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n to_o the_o cape_n of_o tabin_n 1220_o dutch_a mile_n all_o asia_n which_o the_o ancient_n divide_v into_o asia_n the_o great_a and_o asia_n the_o less_o modern_a computor_n part_v into_o five_o division_n persia_n the_o turkish_a empire_n india_n to_o which_o they_o cast_v in_o the_o adjacent_a isle_n tartary_n and_o china_n what_o concern_v the_o name_n of_o china_n china_n or_o the_o far_a part_n of_o asia_n much_o time_n and_o pain_n have_v be_v spend_v and_o take_v by_o several_a historian_n both_o old_a and_o new_a as_o also_o by_o the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n and_o foreiner_n to_o give_v the_o true_a derivation_n thereof_o and_o the_o several_a name_n by_o which_o china_n have_v be_v former_o call_v to_o who_o i_o shall_v refer_v myself_o to_o satisfy_v the_o curiosity_n of_o the_o reader_n in_o this_o particular_a that_o these_o be_v the_o people_n who_o ptolemy_n call_v chineses_n both_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o country_n and_o the_o name_n by_o which_o it_o be_v know_v at_o this_o time_n may_v suffice_v to_o prove_v the_o truth_n thereof_o for_o that_o which_o in_o spanish_a be_v write_v china_n in_o italian_a be_v call_v cina_n in_o high-dutch_a tschina_fw-la and_o in_o low_a dutch_n and_o latin_a sina_n the_o difference_n in_o the_o pronunciation_n of_o the_o word_n china_n and_o sina_n betwixt_o we_o and_o the_o spaniard_n be_v not_o much_o but_o in_o regard_n it_o fall_v somewhat_o hard_o to_o those_o people_n to_o pronounce_v the_o ch_z they_o therefore_o make_v use_n of_o the_o greek_a letter_n χ._n the_o tartar_n call_v this_o kingdom_n catay_n and_o sometime_o mangin_n but_o this_o name_n rather_o denote_v the_o inhabitant_n themselves_o then_o the_o country_n for_o mangin_n signify_v in_o their_o language_n a_o wild_a and_o uncivilise_v people_n and_o with_o this_o word_n the_o tartar_n often_o deride_v the_o chinese_n this_o country_n be_v likewise_o former_o call_v catay_n by_o marcus_n panwelz_n a_o venetian_a who_o be_v the_o first_o discoverer_n thereof_o in_o part_n but_o the_o most_o know_a name_n by_o which_o that_o kingdom_n be_v call_v at_o present_a by_o those_o of_o europe_n be_v china_n the_o reason_n why_o that_o kingdom_n have_v be_v call_v by_o so_o many_o several_a name_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v this_o from_o a_o ancient_a custom_n observe_v among_o they_o that_o whosoever_o get_v the_o sovereignty_n over_o they_o present_v the_o kingdom_n with_o a_o new_a name_n according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n among_o the_o rest_n we_o read_v that_o former_o this_o far_a part_n of_o asia_n or_o china_n be_v call_v thou_o thou_o tha_z sciam_fw-la cheu_n as_o also_o han_n thou_o which_o signify_v boundless_a broad_a thou_o rest_v tha_z great_a sciam_fw-la curious_a cheu_n perfect_a han_n the_o milky-way_n long_o before_o the_o conquest_n of_o china_n by_o the_o tartar_n in_o their_o last_o invasion_n and_o the_o depose_v of_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n viz._n when_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v in_o the_o family_n of_o ciu_o china_n be_v call_v by_o the_o chinese_n min_n which_o signify_v perspicuity_n or_o brightness_n afterward_o they_o add_v to_o the_o word_n min_n the_o syllable_n ta_o and_o call_v it_o then_o stamin_z or_o as_o some_o write_v tame_v which_o signify_v the_o kingdom_n of_o great_a brightness_n for_o above_o 300_o year_n this_o kingdom_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o taiâ—jven_n and_o at_o this_o time_n be_v call_v by_o the_o tartar_n who_o possess_v the_o kingdom_n under_o the_o great_a cham_n taicing_n but_o though_o this_o kingdom_n of_o china_n do_v often_o change_v its_o lord_n and_o name_n the_o chineses_n however_o have_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n call_v it_o by_o two_o other_o particular_a name_n as_o chungchoa_n and_o chungque_a the_o first_o whereof_o signify_v the_o middle_a kingdom_n and_o the_o other_o the_o middle_a garden_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o chineses_n give_v their_o kingdom_n these_o name_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v this_o in_o regard_n that_o former_o they_o do_v very_o believe_v that_o the_o heaven_n be_v round_o the_o earth_n foursquare_a and_o in_o the_o middle_a point_n thereof_o lay_v their_o kingdom_n wherefore_o when_o they_o first_o see_v the_o map_n of_o europe_n they_o take_v it_o very_o ill_o that_o their_o kingdom_n be_v not_o place_v in_o the_o middle_n but_o in_o the_o far_a part_n of_o the_o east_n and_o therefore_o when_o mathias_n riccius_fw-la a_o jesuit_n have_v in_o china_n make_v a_o map_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n he_o so_o order_v his_o adulation_n that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n fall_v to_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n but_o most_o of_o the_o chineses_n do_v now_o acknowledge_v this_o their_o great_a error_n and_o blush_v convince_v of_o so_o much_o ignorance_n and_o though_o the_o chineses_n themselves_o have_v thus_o call_v their_o kingdom_n by_o several_a name_n according_a as_o the_o family_n which_o govern_v over_o they_o happen_v to_o change_v yet_o their_o neighbour_n that_o live_v upon_o the_o confine_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o their_o alteration_n neither_o follow_v the_o chineses_n therein_o for_o those_o of_o couchenchina_fw-la and_o siam_n call_v this_o kingdom_n cin_n the_o islander_n of_o japan_n than_o the_o tartar_n han_n and_o the_o turk_n saracener_n and_o other_o western_a people_n cataium_fw-la some_o conceive_v that_o this_o name_n be_v original_o from_o sioni_n name_v in_o
9_o hundred_o 49_o pound_n of_o raw_a silk_n 71_o hundred_o 2_o thousand_o 4_o hundred_o and_o 36_o rowls_n of_o cloth_n make_v of_o hemp_n 36_o thousand_o 7_o hundred_o and_o 70_o bales_n of_o cotton_n 1_o hundred_o 91_o thousand_o 7_o hundred_o and_o 30_o rowls_n of_o wrought_a silk_n but_o the_o city_n of_o hucheu_fw-la buy_v off_o this_o tax_n yearly_a for_o the_o sum_n of_o 500_o thousand_o crown_n the_o province_n bring_v in_o likewise_o 1_o million_o 7_o hundred_o 94_o thousand_o 2_o hundred_o and_o 61_o weight_n of_o salt_n tax_n each_o weight_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v at_o 1_o hundred_o 24_o pound_n amount_v in_o all_o to_o 1_o hundred_o 87_o million_o 6_o hundred_o 88_o thousand_o 3_o hundred_o 64_o pound_n 32_o million_o 4_o hundred_o 18_o thousand_o 6_o hundred_o 27_o truss_n of_o hay_n and_o straw_n for_o the_o king_n stable_n beside_o all_o other_o tax_n the_o other_o ten_o province_n of_o china_n i_o do_v not_o see_v in_o my_o journey_n yet_o however_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o account_n of_o the_o tax_n which_o the_o great_a and_o lesser_a city_n thereof_o pay_v yearly_a to_o the_o emperor_n their_o name_n be_v these_o zansi_fw-la the_o second_o province_n of_o the_o fifteen_o xensi_fw-la the_o three_o honan_n the_o five_o sucheu_o the_o six_o huquang_n the_o seven_o chekiang_n the_o ten_o fokien_n the_o eleven_o quangsi_n the_o thirteen_o quicheu_o the_o fourteen_o and_o immam_fw-la the_o fifteen_o the_o second_o kingdom_n of_o zansi_fw-la this_o province_n lie_v westward_o of_o peking_n zansi_fw-la and_o be_v neither_o so_o large_a nor_o populous_a but_o more_o fruitful_a and_o of_o more_o antiquity_n because_o if_o credit_n may_v be_v give_v to_o the_o historian_n of_o china_n the_o chinese_n derive_v from_o hence_o their_o first_o rise_n and_o original_a on_o the_o north_n this_o province_n have_v for_o confine_n the_o great_a wall_n which_o reach_v from_o east_n to_o west_n through_o the_o whole_a country_n behind_o which_o lie_v the_o kingdom_n of_o tamyn_n and_o the_o sandy_a wilderness_n of_o samo_n the_o west_n side_n of_o this_o province_n lie_v upon_o the_o yellow_a river_n which_o run_v from_o north_n to_o south_n and_o be_v separate_v by_o the_o same_o from_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la this_o province_n produce_v the_o sweet_a and_o fair_a grape_n of_o all_o asia_n but_o the_o chineses_n make_v no_o wine_n of_o they_o but_o only_o dry_v they_o and_o so_o bring_v they_o to_o the_o market_n through_o all_o china_n in_o this_o country_n of_o zansi_fw-la which_o be_v very_o remarkable_a and_o worthy_a of_o observation_n be_v through_o the_o whole_a country_n great_a store_n of_o fire-well_n even_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o water-well_n be_v in_o europe_n which_o they_o use_v for_o the_o dress_n of_o meat_n after_o this_o manner_n the_o mouth_n of_o the_o well_o be_v stop_v very_o close_o and_o only_o a_o place_n leave_v open_a to_o set_v the_o pot_n upon_o by_o which_o mean_v the_o pot_n boil_v without_o any_o trouble_n this_o province_n likewise_o produce_v good_a store_n of_o coal_n which_o they_o dig_v out_o of_o the_o hill_n as_o in_o england_n and_o at_o luyk_n in_o the_o netherlands_o which_o serve_v the_o inhabitant_n for_o fuel_n who_o likewise_o use_v stove_n in_o their_o house_n make_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o those_o in_o holland_n in_o this_o country_n of_o zansi_fw-fr be_v 5_o capital_a city_n 92_o small_a city_n and_o several_a fort_n the_o 5_o capital_a city_n be_v taiyven_v pingiaen_n taitung_n lugan_n and_o fuencheu_fw-la 1._o taiyven_v command_v over_o 20_o city_n taiyven_v tayven_v jucu_n taco_n ki_n sinkin_n congyven_v ciaoch_v venxui_fw-la lope_v i_o tingsiang_n tai_n utai_n kiechi_n cofan_n fan_n hang_v paote_n and_o hiang_n 2._o pingiaen_n command_v over_o 31_o city_n as_o pingyaen_n siangling_fw-mi hungtung_n feuxan_n chaoch_v taip_a yoiang_n jech_v kioiao_n fuensi_fw-la pu_o lincin_n yungho_n yxi_n vancve_v hocin_n kiai_n ganye_n hia_n venhi_fw-la pinglo_n juiching_a kiang_n yuenkio_n ho_o kie_fw-mi hiangn_v cie_n taning_n xeleu_n and_o yangho_n among_o these_o pu_o kiai_n ho_o kie_fw-mi and_o cie_n be_v the_o chief_a 3._o taiâ—ung_a command_n over_o 11_o city_n taitung_n hoaigien_n hoenyven_v ing_n xanin_n so_o maye_n guei_n quangling_fw-mi quangchang_n and_o lingkieu_o whereof_o ing_n so_o and_o guei_n be_v the_o chief_a 4._o lugan_n command_v over_o eight_o city_n lugan_n caeneu_fw-fr timlieu_n siangheng_n luch_v hâ—quan_n liching_a and_o pingxun_v 5._o fuencheu_o command_n likewise_o over_o eight_o city_n fuencheu_o hiaoy_n pingiao_n kiakieu_o ningâ—iang_n lingxa_n inugn_v and_o lin._n beside_o these_o great_a city_n there_o be_v three_o other_o corporation_n in_o this_o city_n as_o sin_n laao_n and_o ca._n these_o town_n be_v not_o much_o inferior_a to_o the_o city_n and_o so_o esteem_v by_o the_o chinese_n but_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o prefer_v to_o that_o dignity_n of_o the_o city_n though_o they_o have_v a_o command_n over_o some_o lesser_a to_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o way_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o great_a wall_n there_o be_v 14_o strong_a fort_n in_o this_o country_n which_o be_v surround_v with_o strong_a wall_n their_o name_n be_v these_o gueiguen_o jeuguei_fw-la coguei_fw-la maye_n vanglin_n janghon_n caoxon_n tiench_v chinlu_n cuigyven_v pinglin_n chungtun_n geutung_n and_o tungx_v the_o pole_n or_o register-book_n of_o this_o province_n reckon_v five_o hundred_o eighty_o nine_o thoâ—sand_o nine_o hundred_o fifty_o nine_o family_n and_o five_o hundred_o eighty_o four_o thousand_o fifteen_o fight_a men._n that_o which_o this_o country_n pay_v in_o tax_n yearly_a to_o the_o emperor_n consist_v of_o twenty_o two_o hundred_o seventy_o four_o thousand_o and_o twenty_o two_o bag_n of_o rice_n fifty_o pound_n of_o fine_a linen_n four_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o silk-stuffs_a four_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o weight_n of_o salt_n and_o thirty_o five_o hundred_o forty_o four_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o bundle_n of_o hay_n beside_o several_a other_o tax_n the_o three_o kingdom_n of_o xensi_fw-la among_o the_o northern_a dominion_n be_v this_o xensi_fw-la xensi_fw-la which_o be_v very_o great_a chief_o situate_v towards_o the_o west_n in_o 30_o degree_n and_o border_n upon_o the_o kingdom_n of_o prester-iohn_n asia_n casker_n and_o tibet_n which_o be_v call_v by_o one_o name_n in_o the_o chinese_n tongue_n sifan_n westward_o the_o border_n extend_v beyond_o the_o tartar_n kingdom_n of_o taniju_n betwixt_o which_o and_o this_o country_n the_o great_a wall_n and_o some_o fort_n make_v a_o separation_n which_o do_v not_o run_v through_o all_o this_o country_n but_o only_o to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o yellow_a river_n the_o remain_a part_n of_o this_o country_n situate_v on_o the_o other_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n have_v no_o wall_n for_o its_o defence_n but_o dry_a and_o barren_a sandfield_n and_o the_o yellow_a river_n and_o sufficient_a fortification_n eastward_o this_o xensi_fw-la be_v likewise_o bound_v with_o this_o yellow_a river_n which_o run_v through_o the_o country_n southward_o lie_v very_o high_a mountain_n which_o be_v as_o strong_a bulwark_n and_o separate_v this_o province_n from_o the_o province_n of_o honan_n sucheu_o and_o huquang_n want_v of_o rain_n make_v this_o country_n very_o dry_a but_o yet_o it_o produce_v great_a store_n of_o wheat_n barley_n and_o turkish_a corn_n but_o very_o little_a rice_n the_o beast_n feed_v all_o winter_n upon_o corn._n it_o abound_v with_o sheep_n and_o goat_n which_o they_o shear_v three_o time_n ayear_n in_o the_o spring_n in_o summer_n and_o in_o harvest_n and_o of_o the_o wool_n they_o make_v themselves_o clothes_n in_o this_o country_n they_o make_v great_a store_n of_o musk_n which_o grow_v in_o the_o navel_n of_o a_o beast_n not_o much_o unlike_a to_o a_o young_a hind_n the_o flesh_n whereof_o the_o chineses_n eat_v as_o other_o meat_n when_o this_o deer_n go_v to_o rut_v the_o cod_n swell_v like_o a_o boil_v that_o be_v full_a of_o matter_n which_o exuperation_n consist_v of_o a_o thin_a hairy_a purse_n be_v then_o take_v out_o with_o all_o its_o precious_a stuff_n by_o the_o native_n true_a it_o be_v that_o all_o the_o purse_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o we_o be_v not_o the_o right_a and_o pure_a navel_n for_o the_o cunning_a chineses_n know_v very_o well_o when_o they_o empty_v the_o purse_n how_o to_o fill_v up_o the_o same_o again_o with_o counterfeit_a musk._n there_o be_v likewise_o gold_n find_v in_o this_o country_n which_o be_v not_o fetch_v from_o the_o mine_n for_o those_o the_o emperor_n will_v not_o suffer_v to_o be_v open_v there_o be_v both_o gold_n and_o silver_n mine_n but_o from_o the_o side_n of_o river_n and_o shallow_a water_n in_o this_o country_n be_v eight_o capital_a city_n a_o hundred_o and_o seven_o small_a city_n beside_o castle_n and_o fort_n the_o eight_o capital_a city_n be_v these_o
do_v in_o this_o island_n grow_v the_o leaf_n betel_fw-mi in_o great_a abundance_n much_o in_o request_n among_o the_o javaner_n who_o fetch_v whole_a boats-full_a we_o make_v no_o long_a stay_n here_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o we_o have_v get_v our_o provision_n aboard_o we_o set_v sail_n to_o pursue_v our_o voyage_n and_o on_o the_o 1._o of_o july_n come_v in_o sight_n of_o the_o large_a continent_n leave_v couchinchina_n north_n north-west_n and_o about_o noon_n we_o hâ—d_v the_o height_n of_o 20_o degree_n and_o 6_o minute_n we_o sail_v along_o the_o coast_n which_o be_v very_o pleasant_a this_o couchinchina_n be_v part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o gannan_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o neighbour_n country_n that_o be_v situate_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n but_o yet_o belong_v to_o the_o chinese_n for_o under_o this_o gannan_n be_v situate_v the_o kingdom_n of_o tungk_v and_o kianchi_n or_o couchinchina_n both_o which_o be_v former_o call_v nankiao_n the_o emperor_n haionus_fw-la who_o be_v of_o the_o family_n of_o hana_n be_v a_o valiant_a prince_n conquer_v first_o of_o all_o these_o country_n which_o he_o plant_v and_o afterward_o govern_v the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o chinese_n this_o same_o emperor_n be_v also_o the_o first_o who_o name_v these_o country_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n kiaoch_n but_o afterward_o the_o family_n of_o tanga_n call_v they_o by_o the_o name_n of_o kiaochians_n but_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o chinese_n never_o make_v any_o account_n of_o these_o country_n in_o regard_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n according_a to_o the_o say_v of_o the_o chinese_n be_v wild_a and_o uncivil_a in_o their_o conversation_n but_o other_o say_v they_o do_v it_o more_o out_o of_o fear_n because_o they_o know_v very_o well_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n far_o exceed_v they_o in_o strength_n of_o body_n and_o be_v desirous_a rather_o to_o live_v conformable_a to_o their_o own_o law_n and_o custom_n and_o have_v their_o own_o king_n than_o submit_v their_o neck_n under_o the_o yoke_n of_o the_o chinese_n at_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o family_n of_o taiminga_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 290_o year_n these_o people_n be_v bring_v under_o the_o lash_n of_o the_o emperor_n hunguus_fw-la but_o this_o country_n be_v afterward_o make_v over_o to_o a_o petty_a king_n call_v chin_n who_o soon_o be_v make_v away_o by_o his_o three_o governor_n who_o be_v of_o the_o family_n of_o ly_n and_o so_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o realm_n when_o the_o emperor_n junglos_n observe_v the_o troublesome_a condition_n of_o that_o kingdom_n he_o cause_v two_o of_o the_o governor_n to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n but_o the_o three_o escape_v by_o flight_n and_o the_o emperor_n afterward_o reduce_v the_o kingdom_n of_o gannam_n into_o a_o province_n but_o he_o have_v no_o soon_o lay_v down_o his_o arm_n but_o the_o fugitive_n lie_n begin_v to_o appear_v again_o in_o the_o field_n and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o do_v he_o speedy_o send_v ambassador_n to_o pacify_v the_o emperor_n at_o that_o time_n sivanteus_fw-la be_v emperor_n a_o peaceable_a man_n and_o more_o a_o slave_n to_o his_o pleasure_n than_o a_o prince_n of_o his_o country_n this_o emperor_n be_v weary_a of_o all_o these_o mutiny_n and_o trouble_n make_v over_o again_o this_o country_n to_o this_o same_o lie_n and_o install_v he_o as_o a_o petty_a prince_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v send_v to_o he_o every_o three_o year_n a_o ambassador_n with_o great_a present_n and_o in_o this_o manner_n these_o part_n be_v divide_v from_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n about_o the_o year_n 1428._o but_o these_o country_n notwithstanding_o all_o this_o grow_v very_o troublesome_a be_v full_a of_o division_n so_o that_o at_o last_o they_o come_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n the_o first_o be_v call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o laos_n the_o second_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tunk_v and_o the_o three_o couchinchina_n which_o at_o present_a be_v no_o other_o than_o part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o quangsi_n and_o junnan_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o three_o kingdom_n laos_n tunk_v and_o couchinchina_n follow_v the_o religion_n of_o the_o chinese_n they_o likewise_o use_v the_o chinese_n character_n but_o yet_o differ_v very_o much_o in_o speech_n and_o pronunciation_n from_o they_o these_o country_n be_v very_o fruitful_a in_o every_o thing_n belong_v to_o the_o sustenance_n of_o mankind_n among_o other_o innumerable_a tree_n and_o fruit_n there_o grow_v a_o bean_n which_o make_v a_o oil_n or_o juice_n by_o the_o portuguese_n call_v rosamalia_n from_o hence_o come_v likewise_o in_o great_a abundance_n the_o eagle-wood_n which_o be_v of_o a_o purple_a colour_n and_o be_v know_v to_o the_o spaniard_n by_o the_o name_n of_o lacca_n and_o use_v in_o china_n to_o die_v and_o colour_v silk-stuffs_a it_o produce_v likewise_o good_a store_n of_o linen_n silk_n and_o cotton_n among_o other_o sort_n of_o monkey_n here_o be_v also_o find_v one_o call_v singsiing_n the_o manner_n of_o take_v they_o in_o the_o wood_n be_v to_o set_v wine_n before_o they_o with_o which_o they_o be_v fuddle_v fall_v asleep_a and_o so_o be_v take_v nap_v their_o blood_n make_v a_o excellent_a purple_a dye_n upon_o the_o 14._o we_o come_v in_o sight_n of_o the_o island_n maccoa_n and_o keep_v we_o by_o the_o height_n of_o 21_o degree_n and_o 10_o minute_n in_o the_o evening_n we_o anchor_v and_o the_o next_o morning_n we_o set_v sail._n we_o see_v lie_v upon_o the_o shore_n several_a boat_n but_o not_o one_o will_v come_v aboard_o notwithstanding_o all_o the_o sign_n we_o make_v to_o invite_v they_o so_o wondrous_a fearful_a they_o be_v of_o the_o pirate_n cokese_v they_o who_o at_o that_o time_n hold_v the_o coast_n in_o continual_a alarm_n and_o who_o they_o undoubted_o take_v we_o to_o be_v two_o day_n we_o sail_v under_o this_o island_n thence_o pass_v by_o the_o most_o famous_a and_o wealthy_a city_n of_o maccoa_n maccoa_n and_o though_o we_o come_v not_o near_o it_o yet_o i_o shall_v relate_v what_o i_o have_v understand_v from_o other_o concern_v the_o magnificence_n of_o this_o place_n whereof_o you_o have_v a_o draught_n as_o it_o be_v take_v at_o sea_n sail_v thus_o by_o the_o city_n of_o maccao_n we_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n under_o the_o island_n of_o goyers_n so_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o peter_n de_fw-fr goyer_n opon_n the_o 18._o of_o the_o same_o month_n we_o arrive_v about_o sunset_n only_o in_o company_n with_o the_o yacht_v koukerken_fw-mi for_o we_o lose_v the_o yacht_v bloemendael_n in_o the_o storm_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o couchinchina_n which_o come_v not_o till_o 48_o day_n after_o we_o to_o canton_n very_o safe_a into_o the_o harbour_n of_o heytamon_n and_o drop_v our_o anchor_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o bay_n at_o six_o and_o a_o half_a fathom_n water_n this_o place_n be_v exceed_o pleasant_a and_o most_o commodious_a for_o trade_n on_o the_o water_n side_n delightful_a hill_n and_o dale_n behind_o as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v by_o the_o annex_v print_n we_o be_v no_o soon_o at_o anchor_n but_o a_o bark_n full_a of_o soldier_n board_v we_o who_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o governor_n be_v send_v to_o ask_v the_o occasion_n of_o our_o come_n hereupon_o the_o ambassador_n send_v hendrick_n baron_n ashore_o to_o acquaint_v he_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n with_o the_o occasion_n of_o our_o arrival_n who_o when_o he_o come_v on_o shore_n be_v conduct_v into_o his_o bedchamber_n where_o he_o be_v receive_v very_o courteous_o and_o treat_v by_o he_o who_o ask_v why_o the_o hollander_n do_v return_v and_o whether_o they_o be_v not_o about_o two_o year_n since_o express_o forbid_v to_o come_v to_o canton_n six_o day_n after_o on_o the_o 24._o come_v two_o mandorin_n from_o canton_n to_o view_v the_o credential_n they_o bring_v to_o the_o great_a cham_n and_o to_o that_o purpose_n they_o send_v for_o the_o ambassador_n to_o the_o governor_n house_n hereupon_o the_o ambassador_n with_o all_o their_o follower_n make_v up_o the_o river_n and_o come_v about_o noon_n to_o the_o village_n of_o lamme_n where_o they_o go_v ashore_o and_o be_v from_o thence_o conduct_v by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ceremony_n to_o the_o governor_n palace_n at_o their_o entry_n they_o find_v the_o governor_n sit_v at_o a_o high_a table_n in_o the_o hall_n betwixt_o the_o two_o mandorin_n guard_v with_o soldier_n who_o civil_o treat_v we_o and_o be_v serviceable_a unto_o we_o after_o compliment_n pass_v the_o ambassador_n show_v their_o credential_n at_o a_o distance_n against_o which_o the_o mandorin_n have_v nothing_o to_o object_n and_o then_o chair_n be_v set_v for_o the_o ambassador_n to_o sit_v down_o which_o be_v do_v the_o mandorin_n and_o governor_n begin_v to_o ask_v
other_o of_o the_o court_n in_o very_o rich_a habit_n to_o our_o lodging_n about_o two_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n with_o lantern_n to_o conduct_v the_o ambassador_n who_o be_v only_o attend_v by_o six_o of_o their_o follower_n the_o rest_n be_v order_v to_o stay_v at_o home_n when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o court_n they_o be_v first_o conduct_v through_o the_o outward_a gate_n and_o afterward_o over_o a_o quadrangle_n with_o a_o well-built_a gate_n and_o place_v upon_o the_o second_o plain_n of_o the_o court_n where_o we_o sit_v all_o night_n in_o the_o open_a air_n upon_o the_o bare_a stone_n till_o morning_n when_o his_o majesty_n be_v to_o appear_v upon_o his_o throne_n we_o be_v no_o soon_o seat_v but_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o great_a mogul_n accompany_v with_o five_o person_n of_o honour_n and_o about_o twenty_o servant_n come_v and_o place_v himself_o next_o to_o our_o ambassador_n as_o do_v also_o the_o ambassador_n of_o lammas_n and_o suytadsen_n next_o to_o who_o also_o sit_v several_a great_a lord_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o because_o we_o be_v to_o continue_v in_o this_o posture_n all_o night_n in_o expectation_n of_o his_o majesty_n appearance_n in_o the_o morning_n early_o upon_o his_o throne_n i_o shall_v defer_v a_o while_n acquaint_v the_o reader_n with_o what_o pass_v upon_o that_o most_o glorious_a day_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n give_v you_o a_o description_n of_o the_o foreign_a ambassador_n who_o be_v also_o with_o we_o in_o this_o emperor_n court._n the_o ambassador_n of_o suytadsen_n who_o may_v be_v proper_o call_v south-tartar_n deserve_v here_o the_o first_o and_o chief_a place_n be_v he_o be_v most_o in_o esteem_n in_o this_o court_n and_o prefer_v before_o the_o rest_n i_o can_v not_o certain_o learn_v his_o business_n but_o only_o as_o they_o tell_v i_o by_o guess_n that_o the_o king_n of_o suytadsen_n send_v he_o with_o present_n to_o the_o great_a cham_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o their_o country_n the_o frontier_n people_n and_o borderer_n use_v to_o pay_v such_o homage_n to_o this_o their_o grand_a lord_n the_o mogul_n ambassador_n of_o who_o business_n and_o request_n we_o have_v already_o make_v mention_n have_v a_o very_a rich_a blue_a silk_n coat_n on_o so_o rich_o embroider_v that_o it_o look_v like_o massy_a beat_a gold_n which_o hang_v down_o almost_o to_o his_o knee_n be_v gird_v about_o his_o waste_n with_o a_o silk_n girdle_n with_o great_a rich_a tassel_n at_o both_o end_n he_o wear_v neat_a buskin_n of_o turkey_n leather_n and_o a_o large_a turban_n of_o several_a colour_n the_o empire_n of_o the_o great_a mogul_n who_o have_v send_v this_o ambassador_n to_o the_o great_a cham_n comprehend_v proper_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o east-india_n or_o the_o country_n situate_v between_o mount_n caucasus_n now_o call_v delauguer_n and_o the_o sea_n beetweeâ—_n the_o river_n ganges_n and_o indus_n this_o empire_n call_v mogol_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o tartar_a king_n who_o former_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o and_o be_v divide_v into_o several_a kingdom_n though_o some_o of_o they_o belong_v to_o other_o prince_n the_o chief_a kingdom_n over_o which_o the_o great_a mogul_n proper_o command_v be_v cambaya_n dely_n sanque_fw-la mandro_n and_o bengala_n this_o great_a prince_n common_o keep_v his_o court_n in_o the_o city_n of_o dely._n all_o the_o country_n over_o which_o the_o great_a mogul_n command_v be_v very_o fruitful_a in_o the_o product_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o cattle_n and_o fruit_n as_o rice_n corn_n wax_n silk_n sugar_n and_o cotton_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o spice_n which_o be_v bring_v from_o thence_o in_o great_a abundance_n upon_o the_o mountain_n be_v find_v the_o onyx_n stone_n diamond_n and_o other_o precious_a gem_n it_o be_v hold_v for_o certain_a that_o this_o great_a mogul_n can_v bring_v into_o the_o field_n in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n three_o hundred_o thousand_o fight_a man_n and_o five_o thousand_o elephant_n most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v mahumetan_n and_o other_o idolater_n in_o those_o part_n there_o be_v also_o abundance_n of_o jew_n who_o drive_v a_o subtle_a trade_n among_o they_o and_o some_o abyssine_n christian_n allure_v thither_o by_o a_o profitable_a commerce_n the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o lammas_n be_v clothe_v in_o yellow_a his_o hat_n much_o like_o a_o cardinal_n with_o broad_a brim_n at_o his_o side_n hang_v a_o crucifix_n which_o these_o churchman_n common_o carry_v about_o with_o they_o by_o which_o they_o say_v their_o devotion_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o roman_a catholic_n those_o of_o lammas_n be_v a_o sort_n of_o religious_a people_n who_o have_v live_v a_o long_a time_n in_o china_n but_o the_o last_o emperor_n of_o china_n before_o the_o tartar_n conquer_v it_o have_v banish_v they_o his_o country_n from_o whence_o they_o go_v and_o settle_v themselves_o in_o tartary_n where_o they_o have_v the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n now_o these_o banish_a people_n have_v send_v this_o ambassador_n to_o the_o great_a cham_n with_o request_n that_o they_o may_v have_v leave_n to_o return_v and_o exercise_v their_o devotion_n as_o former_o what_o success_n he_o have_v in_o his_o business_n i_o can_v not_o learn_v but_o his_o reception_n at_o the_o emperor_n court_n be_v very_o friendly_a and_o civil_a now_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o relate_v what_o pass_v during_o our_o stay_n in_o the_o emperor_n palace_n at_o the_o ourt-gate_n in_o which_o we_o sit_v expect_v the_o dawn_n we_o see_v first_o three_o black_a elephant_n gallant_o adorn_v after_o the_o chinese_n manner_n stand_v there_o for_o the_o great_a state_n as_o sentinel_n they_o have_v well_o gird_v upon_o their_o back_n gild_v tower_n artificial_o build_v and_o beautify_v with_o carve_v work_n and_o figure_n the_o concourse_n of_o people_n be_v here_o so_o great_a as_o if_o the_o whole_a city_n have_v be_v throng_v together_o in_o this_o one_o place_n the_o gate_n be_v also_o keep_v with_o a_o incredible_a number_n of_o the_o emperor_n lifeguard_n all_o of_o they_o in_o very_o rich_a habit_n after_o the_o tartar_n fashion_n by_o daybreak_n all_o the_o grandee_n who_o likewise_o repair_v thither_o over_o night_n come_v gaze_v and_o look_v upon_o we_o with_o great_a admiration_n as_o if_o we_o have_v be_v some_o strange_a africa_a monster_n but_o they_o demean_v themselves_o very_o civil_o without_o give_v we_o the_o least_o affront_n about_o a_o hour_n after_o a_o sign_n be_v give_v at_o which_o all_o start_v up_o on_o the_o sudden_a as_o if_o there_o have_v be_v a_o alarm_n when_o the_o two_o tartar_n lord_n who_o usual_o be_v send_v to_o the_o ambassador_n come_v and_o conduct_v they_o with_o their_o follower_n through_o another_o gate_n into_o a_o second_o court-yard_n guard_v round_o with_o tartar_n soldier_n and_o courtier_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o a_o three_o court_n which_o be_v the_o innermost_a where_o the_o house_n of_o the_o emperor_n throne_n stand_v and_o the_o lodging_n for_o the_o great_a cham_n his_o wife_n and_o child_n this_o court_n which_o contain_v four_o hundred_o pace_n in_o the_o square_a be_v line_v on_o all_o side_n with_o a_o strong_a guard_n all_o of_o they_o in_o rich_a coat_n of_o crimson-coloured_a satin_n on_o either_o side_n of_o the_o throne_n stand_v a_o hundred_o and_o twelve_o soldier_n each_z whereof_o bear_v a_o several_a flag_n and_o likewise_o wear_v colour_v habit_n suitable_a to_o his_o ensign_n only_o they_o have_v all_o black_a hat_n with_o yellow_a feather_n next_o to_o the_o emperor_n throne_n stand_v twenty_o two_o gentleman_n each_o with_o a_o rich_a yellow_a screen_n or_o umbrello_n in_o his_o hand_n resemble_v the_o sun_n next_o to_o these_o stand_v ten_o other_o person_n each_o hold_v a_o gilt_n radiant_a circle_n in_o his_o hand_n resemble_v the_o sun_n next_o to_o these_o stand_v six_o other_o with_o circle_n imitate_v the_o moon_n at_o the_o full_a after_o these_o be_v stand_v sixteen_o other_o person_n with_o half-pike_n or_o pole_n in_o their_o hand_n hang_v full_a of_o silk_n tassel_n of_o several_a colour_n near_o to_o these_o stand_v thirty_o six_o more_o each_o hold_v a_o standard_n curious_o adorn_v with_o dragon_n the_o emperor_n coat_n of_o arm_n and_o other_o such_o monster_n after_o the_o chinese_n fashion_n in_o this_o manner_n be_v both_o side_n of_o the_o emperor_n throne_n guard_v and_o adorn_v beside_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o courtier_n all_o of_o they_o in_o very_o rich_a habit_n of_o one_o colour_n and_o silk_n as_o if_o a_o livery_n which_o add_v very_o much_o to_o to_o the_o splendour_n of_o the_o place_n before_o the_o step_v lead_v to_o the_o emperor_n throne_n stand_v on_o each_o side_n six_o snow-white_a horse_n most_o curious_o adorn_v with_o rich_a embroider_v trappings_o and_o bridle_v beset_v with_o pearl_n ruby_n and_o other_o precious_a
quarter_n so_o that_o they_o be_v all_o continual_o busy_a about_o weighty_a affair_n but_o the_o number_n and_o good_a order_n of_o the_o officer_n very_o much_o facilitate_v their_o work_n for_o in_o each_o council_n be_v a_o precedent_n who_o they_o call_v ciu_o who_o have_v two_o assistant_n one_o on_o his_o right_a side_n call_v coxilam_n and_o another_o on_o his_o left_a term_v yeuxilam_n these_o three_o both_o at_o court_n and_o through_o the_o whole_a empire_n have_v the_o high_a dignity_n except_o those_o who_o sit_v in_o the_o supreme_a council_n call_v colao_n beside_o these_o three_o principal_a councillor_n there_o be_v belong_v to_o each_o council_n ten_o other_o who_o differ_v but_o little_a in_o dignity_n from_o the_o rest_n be_v always_o employ_v together_o with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o inferior_a officer_n as_o notary_n scribe_n secretaries_z and_o clerk_n the_o jesuit_n semedo_n in_o his_o relation_n of_o china_n mention_n several_a other_o council_n whereof_o some_o have_v a_o like_a authority_n with_o the_o beforementioned_a six_o all_o which_o be_v call_v in_o the_o chinese_n tongue_n cien_n cim_o and_o consist_v of_o several_a office_n belong_v particular_o to_o the_o king_n household_n the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v call_v thai_n lisu_n that_o be_v the_o council_n of_o the_o great_a audite_fw-la this_o office_n seem_v like_o the_o great_a chancery_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therein_o all_o weighty_a affair_n receive_v a_o determination_n it_o consist_v of_o thirteen_o mandorin_n one_o councillor_n two_o assistant_n and_o ten_o under-officer_n the_o second_o be_v call_v quon_n losu_n and_o provide_v for_o their_o imperial_a majesty_n table_n and_o for_o all_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o emperor_n court._n this_o council_n have_v one_o councillor_n two_o assistant_n and_o six_o officer_n the_o three_o call_v thaipocusu_n have_v the_o power_n of_o the_o emperor_n stable_n and_o make_v provision_n of_o all_o post-horse_n for_o public_a use_n and_o service_n it_o consist_v of_o one_o councillor_n and_o six_o officer_n beside_o all_o these_o there_o be_v yet_o another_o council_n high_o than_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o of_o the_o great_a dignity_n have_v place_n next_o the_o emperor_n in_o all_o public_a solemnity_n those_o that_o sit_v in_o this_o council_n be_v call_v colaos_n be_v seldom_o above_o four_o or_o six_o in_o number_n and_o the_o most_o select_a person_n of_o all_o the_o other_o council_n and_o of_o the_o whole_a empire_n and_o be_v honour_v and_o reverence_v according_o no_o private_a affair_n be_v bring_v to_o they_o for_o they_o only_o mind_v the_o public_a good_a and_o government_n sit_v with_o the_o emperor_n in_o private_a council_n for_o the_o abovementioned_a six_o council_n intermeddle_v not_o with_o the_o affoirs_n of_o the_o state_n as_o to_o make_v any_o conclusion_n upon_o they_o they_o be_v only_o to_o debate_n and_o consult_v and_o afterward_o by_o way_n of_o petition_n to_o offer_v their_o advice_n to_o the_o emperor_n who_o either_o alter_v or_o confirm_v what_o they_o have_v do_v according_a as_o he_o see_v cause_n but_o in_o regard_n he_o will_v not_o seem_v whole_o to_o rely_v upon_o his_o own_o judgement_n some_o of_o the_o chief_a philosopher_n always_o attend_v upon_o this_o colaos_n or_o council_n and_o come_v daily_o to_o the_o palace_n to_o answer_v petition_n which_o be_v bring_v continual_o to_o the_o emperor_n in_o great_a number_n this_o last_o conclusion_n the_o emperor_n sign_v with_o his_o own_o hand_n that_o so_o afterward_o his_o command_n may_v be_v execute_v there_o be_v yet_o two_o council_n more_o whereof_o the_o one_o be_v call_v choli_fw-la and_o the_o other_o tauli_n each_o consist_v of_o above_o sixty_o person_n all_o choice_a philosopher_n and_o wise_a man_n who_o fidelity_n and_o prudence_n both_o the_o emperor_n and_o people_n sufficient_o have_v approve_v and_o therefore_o they_o hold_v they_o in_o great_a honour_n and_o esteem_v with_o these_o his_o majesty_n advise_v upon_o all_o extraordinary_a and_o weighty_a affair_n but_o more_o especial_o when_o any_o thing_n have_v be_v commit_v against_o the_o law_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v several_a other_o council_n whereof_o the_o chief_a be_v call_v han_n lin_n yven_v where_o be_v employ_v none_o but_o learned_a man_n who_o busy_a themselves_o with_o no_o affair_n of_o the_o government_n yet_o exceed_v all_o in_o dignity_n except_o such_o as_o sit_v at_o the_o helm_n their_o charge_n be_v to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o emperor_n write_n to_o compile_v year-book_n and_o write_v law_n and_o order_n from_o among_o these_o be_v choose_v governor_n and_o tutor_n for_o the_o prince_n they_o only_o be_v concern_v in_o matter_n of_o learning_n wherein_o as_o they_o grow_v more_o and_o more_o excellent_a they_o mount_v by_o several_a step_n to_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o honour_n come_v afterward_o to_o be_v employ_v in_o place_n of_o the_o great_a dignity_n in_o the_o court_n neither_o be_v any_o choose_v into_o the_o great_a colao_n who_o have_v not_o first_o be_v of_o this_o council_n they_o delight_v in_o poetry_n and_o get_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o money_n by_o their_o write_n as_o in_o make_v of_o epitaph_n poem_n and_o the_o like_a to_o pleasure_v their_o friend_n and_o very_o happy_a he_o esteem_v himself_o that_o can_v obtain_v such_o a_o favour_n of_o they_o the_o government_n of_o the_o city_n nank_v where_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n former_o keep_v their_o court_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o peking_n save_v that_o at_o nank_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o colao_n be_v not_o in_o be_v but_o the_o esteem_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o council_n here_o be_v as_o much_o eclipse_v for_o want_n of_o as_o at_o peking_n it_o be_v advance_v by_o the_o emperor_n presence_n thus_o far_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o government_n in_o general_a in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o will_v treat_v of_o particular_a and_o provincial_a jurisdiction_n the_o whole_a empire_n be_v divide_v into_o fifteen_o province_n in_o the_o principal_a city_n whereof_o the_o chief_a and_o supreme_a court_n of_o judicature_n reside_v differ_v little_a in_o method_n and_o rule_n from_o those_o of_o peking_n and_o nank_v and_o so_o not_o consequent_o one_o from_o another_o the_o regiment_n of_o each_o province_n be_v commit_v to_o the_o care_n and_o fidelity_n of_o two_o person_n who_o they_o call_v pucinsu_n and_o manganzasu_fw-la the_o first_o whereof_o intermeddle_v only_o with_o civil_a affair_n and_o the_o other_o be_v altogether_o concern_v in_o criminal_a matter_n they_o have_v both_o their_o seat_n of_o judicature_n in_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o their_o province_n and_o live_v in_o great_a magnificence_n have_v beside_o several_a officer_n assistant_n unto_o they_o as_o also_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n call_v tauli_n who_o in_o regard_n they_o command_v over_o some_o other_o inferior_a city_n it_o often_o happen_v that_o they_o be_v absent_a from_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o province_n to_o take_v care_n of_o their_o employment_n all_o the_o fifteen_o province_n as_o have_v be_v already_o say_v be_v subdivide_v into_o several_a other_o less_o portion_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v furio_n over_o each_o of_o which_o be_v appoint_v a_o governor_n call_v gifu_n these_o division_n be_v again_o proportion_v into_o great_a and_o small_a city_n the_o first_o whereof_o they_o call_v ceu_fw-la and_o the_o last_o hien_n each_o have_v a_o particular_a magistrate_n which_o in_o the_o great_a city_n be_v call_v ciceu_n and_o in_o the_o less_o be_v name_v cihien_n for_o ci_o signify_v to_o govern._n every_o principal_a governor_n of_o these_o city_n be_v aid_v by_o three_o councillor_n who_o assist_v they_o with_o advice_n in_o all_o their_o affair_n and_o undertake_n the_o first_o be_v call_v hun_n chim_z the_o second_o chu_n phu_o and_o the_o three_o tun_n su_n and_o have_v their_o particular_a court_n and_o judicature_n but_o the_o governor_n over_o the_o whole_a division_n have_v no_o more_o authority_n in_o the_o place_n of_o his_o residence_n than_o in_o the_o other_o city_n under_o his_o command_n true_a it_o be_v he_o may_v condemn_v a_o malefactor_n to_o die_v but_o he_o can_v put_v the_o sentence_n in_o execution_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v join_v in_o commission_n with_o he_o but_o in_o regard_n a_o account_n must_v be_v give_v of_o the_o whole_a management_n of_o affair_n and_o the_o transaction_n of_o all_o the_o province_n at_o the_o court_n at_o peking_n therefore_o in_o each_o province_n there_o be_v appoint_v two_o other_o great_a officer_n by_o the_o court_n who_o in_o eminency_n of_o honour_n and_o grandeur_n of_o commission_n exceed_v the_o rest_n the_o one_o of_o these_o always_o reside_v in_o some_o of_o the_o province_n and_o be_v call_v tutang_n the_o other_o be_v send_v yearly_o from_o the_o court_n at_o peking_n and_o
treat_v of_o the_o same_o subject_a with_o those_o other_o five_o and_o these_o nine_o book_n be_v all_o that_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o china_n among_o the_o bookseller_n out_o of_o which_o all_o other_o be_v compose_v and_o certain_o therein_o be_v contain_v most_o excellent_a rule_n and_o direction_n for_o the_o well_o order_v of_o all_o civil_a affair_n and_o such_o as_o have_v prove_v to_o the_o very_a great_a advantage_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n for_o which_o cause_n a_o law_n be_v make_v by_o the_o ancient_a king_n that_o whosoever_o will_v be_v a_o learned_a man_n or_o so_o repute_v must_v extract_v the_o principal_a groundwork_n of_o his_o learning_n from_o these_o book_n nor_o be_v it_o enough_o to_o understand_v the_o true_a meaning_n and_o sense_n of_o the_o same_o but_o he_o must_v likewise_o get_v they_o by_o heart_n and_o be_v able_a to_o repeat_v a_o considerable_a part_n thereof_o if_o he_o will_v be_v think_v to_o have_v arrive_v at_o a_o eminent_a pitch_n of_o learning_n there_o be_v no_o public_a school_n in_o all_o china_n though_o some_o writer_n have_v erroneous_o tell_v we_o the_o contrary_a but_o every_o person_n choose_v his_o own_o master_n by_o who_o he_o be_v teach_v in_o his_o house_n at_o his_o own_o charge_n and_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o great_a difficulty_n in_o teach_v the_o chinese_n character_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o vast_a number_n and_o variety_n it_o be_v impossible_a for_o one_o to_o teach_v many_o several_a person_n and_o therefore_o every_o master_n of_o a_o family_n take_v a_o instructor_n into_o his_o house_n for_o his_o child_n of_o who_o if_o there_o be_v two_o or_o three_o to_o learn_v they_o be_v as_o many_o as_o one_o tutor_n can_v well_o teach_v all_o such_o as_o be_v find_v upon_o examination_n to_o have_v make_v good_a progress_n in_o philosophy_n arise_v to_o promotion_n by_o three_o degree_n of_o learning_n the_o first_o be_v call_v sieucai_n the_o second_o kiugin_n the_o three_o cinfu_n the_o first_o degree_n of_o learning_n call_v sieucai_n be_v give_v in_o every_o city_n by_o a_o certain_a eminent_a learned_a person_n appoint_v by_o the_o emperor_n for_o that_o purpose_n and_o according_a to_o his_o office_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o tihio_n this_o tihio_n go_v a_o circuit_n through_o all_o the_o town_n of_o his_o province_n on_o purpose_n to_o promote_v learned_a man_n to_o this_o degree_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v come_v into_o any_o city_n he_o make_v know_v his_o arrival_n whereupon_o all_o such_o as_o stand_v for_o this_o preferment_n address_v themselves_o unto_o he_o to_o be_v examine_v and_o if_o he_o find_v they_o qualify_v he_o immediate_o prefer_v they_o to_o this_o first_o step_n of_o learning_n and_o that_o their_o worth_n may_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o for_o a_o particular_a badge_n of_o their_o dignity_n they_o wear_v a_o gown_n bonnet_n and_o boot_n in_o which_o habit_n none_o be_v permit_v to_o go_v but_o such_o as_o be_v in_o this_o manner_n become_v graduate_n they_o enjoy_v likewise_o several_a honourable_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n and_o be_v prefer_v to_o considerable_a employment_n in_o the_o government_n the_o second_o degree_n of_o honour_n to_o which_o the_o learned_a chineses_n be_v prefer_v be_v call_v kiugin_n which_o be_v give_v with_o much_o more_o state_n than_o the_o former_a and_o be_v confer_v only_o upon_o such_o as_o they_o judge_v to_o be_v most_o deserve_v and_o this_o promotion_n be_v make_v but_o once_o in_o three_o year_n and_o perform_v after_o this_o manner_n in_o each_o capital_a city_n be_v a_o great_a and_o well-built_a palace_n encompass_v with_o high_a wall_n and_o set_v apart_o only_o for_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o scholar_n in_o this_o place_n be_v several_a apartment_n and_o mansion_n for_o the_o use_n of_o examiner_n when_o they_o come_v to_o supervise_v the_o scholar_n work_n beside_o these_o apartment_n there_o be_v at_o least_o a_o thousand_o cell_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o palace_n but_o so_o small_a that_o they_o will_v only_o contain_v only_o one_o person_n a_o little_a table_n and_o a_o bench_n in_o these_o no_o one_o can_v speak_v to_o his_o neighbour_n nor_o be_v see_v by_o he_o when_o the_o king_n examiner_n be_v arrive_v in_o the_o city_n they_o be_v lock_v up_o apart_o in_o this_o palace_n and_o not_o suffer_v to_o discourse_n with_o any_o whatsoever_o while_o they_o be_v there_o when_o the_o time_n of_o examination_n be_v come_v to_o which_o be_v appoint_v three_o whole_a day_n namely_o the_o nine_o twelve_o and_o fifteen_o day_n of_o the_o eight_o month_n then_o be_v the_o write_n of_o the_o scholar_n with_o great_a judgement_n narrow_o examine_v and_o several_a question_n propound_v to_o be_v resolve_v by_o they_o the_o three_o degree_n be_v call_v cinsu_n and_o be_v equal_a with_o that_o of_o doctor_n of_o divinity_n law_n or_o physic_n in_o europe_n and_o this_o be_v confer_v likewise_o every_o three_o year_n and_o to_o they_o only_o in_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n to_o this_o honour_n can_v only_o three_o hundred_o out_o of_o the_o whole_a empire_n arrive_v and_o the_o examination_n of_o they_o before_o they_o be_v choose_v be_v perform_v by_o the_o king_n examiner_n in_o the_o same_o method_n and_o state_n as_o the_o former_a and_o such_o as_o attain_v to_o this_o height_n of_o honour_n by_o their_o learning_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o high_a place_n of_o dignity_n in_o the_o empire_n and_o be_v have_v in_o great_a esteem_n and_o reputation_n by_o the_o people_n chap._n iii_o of_o several_a chinese_n handicraft-trade_n comedian_n juggler_n and_o beggar_n the_o chineses_n be_v not_o altogether_o without_o some_o experience_n and_o skill_n in_o architecture_n although_o for_o neatness_n and_o polite_a curiosity_n their_o building_n be_v not_o to_o be_v compare_v with_o that_o in_o europe_n neither_o be_v their_o edifice_n so_o costly_a or_o durable_a in_o regard_n they_o proportion_v their_o house_n to_o the_o shortness_n of_o life_n build_v as_o they_o say_v for_o themselves_o not_o for_o other_o and_o this_o sure_o be_v one_o reason_n why_o the_o chinese_n can_v comprehend_v nor_o imagine_v the_o costly_a and_o princely_a palace_n which_o be_v in_o europe_n and_o when_o they_o have_v be_v tell_v that_o some_o of_o the_o say_a edifice_n have_v stand_v for_o many_o age_n they_o seem_v as_o it_o be_v amaze_v thereat_o but_o if_o they_o consider_v the_o true_a reason_n of_o such_o continuance_n they_o will_v rather_o applaud_v and_o imitate_v than_o wonder_n for_o that_o which_o make_v our_o building_n last_o so_o long_o be_v because_o we_o make_v deep_a foundation_n whereas_o in_o china_n they_o dig_v no_o foundation_n at_o all_o but_o lay_v the_o stone_n even_o with_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ground_n upon_o which_o they_o build_v high_a and_o heavy_a tower_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o soon_o decay_v and_o require_v daily_a reparation_n neither_o be_v this_o all_o for_o the_o house_n in_o china_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n build_v of_o wood_n or_o rest_n upon_o wooden_a pillar_n yet_o they_o be_v cover_v with_o tile_n as_o in_o europe_n and_o be_v contrive_v commodious_o within_o though_o not_o beautiful_a to_o the_o eye_n without_o however_o by_o the_o curiosity_n of_o the_o people_n they_o be_v keep_v very_o clean_a and_o neat_a their_o temple_n be_v most_o curious_o build_v some_o whereof_o in_o solitary_a place_n near_o the_o highway_n to_o the_o great_a accommodation_n of_o traveller_n they_o be_v hang_v full_a of_o image_n and_o heavy_a lamp_n which_o burn_v continual_o in_o memory_n of_o one_o or_o other_o that_o live_v well_o and_o die_v happy_o these_o people_n have_v make_v no_o small_a progress_n in_o several_a science_n by_o their_o early_a be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o art_n of_o print_v for_o though_o those_o of_o europe_n do_v therein_o exceed_v the_o chineses_n have_v reduce_v the_o same_o to_o more_o exactness_n and_o certain_a method_n yet_o say_v trigautius_n in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n the_o use_n of_o the_o printing-press_n be_v much_o soon_o in_o china_n than_o in_o europe_n for_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o same_o have_v be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o chinese_n for_o five_o age_n past_a nay_o some_o stick_v not_o to_o affirm_v that_o they_o use_v print_v before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ._n mercator_n in_o his_o great_a atlas_n write_v that_o the_o printing-press_n and_o the_o use_n of_o cannon_n be_v of_o so_o great_a antiquity_n in_o china_n that_o it_o be_v not_o know_v who_o be_v the_o inventor_n of_o they_o all_o which_o if_o it_o be_v take_v for_o grant_v yet_o nevertheless_o they_o be_v too_o large_a in_o say_v that_o that_o printing_n have_v be_v use_v by_o they_o ever_o since_o their_o country_n have_v be_v call_v the_o empire_n or_o kingdom_n of_o china_n
loss_n of_o it_o the_o tartar_n by_o this_o mean_n be_v put_v to_o a_o stand_n have_v enrich_v themselves_o with_o booty_n destroy_v some_o thousand_o of_o poor_a creature_n with_o the_o sword_n and_o burn_v down_o their_o dwelling_n to_o the_o ground_n retreat_v back_o to_o their_o old_a quarter_n in_o the_o province_n of_o leaotung_n during_o these_o trouble_n the_o emperor_n vanlieus_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1620._o after_o who_o death_n his_o son_n taichangus_n a_o valiant_a and_o prudent_a prince_n succeed_v who_o by_o the_o conduct_n of_o his_o affair_n in_o a_o short_a time_n give_v sufficient_o to_o understand_v what_o good_a service_n his_o country_n be_v to_o expect_v from_o he_o have_v he_o not_o be_v unfortunate_o cut_v off_o by_o a_o untimely_a death_n in_o the_o four_o month_n of_o his_o reign_n to_o who_o be_v successor_n his_o son_n thienkius_n a_o gallant_a person_n and_o no_o way_n inferior_a to_o his_o father_n for_o virtue_n and_o courage_n this_o monarch_n find_v the_o unsetledness_n and_o danger_n of_o his_o affair_n make_v it_o his_o chief_a concern_v to_o contract_v friendship_n and_o support_v his_o government_n with_o the_o favour_n and_o affection_n of_o his_o neighbour_n for_o he_o have_v take_v notice_n by_o experience_n how_o much_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n have_v suffer_v by_o live_v always_o at_o great_a variance_n with_o the_o tartar_a king_n of_o ninche_n which_o border_v upon_o he_o in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o he_o endeavour_v to_o win_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n of_o corea_n who_o have_v former_o send_v to_o his_o grandfather_n a_o supply_n of_o twelve_o thousand_o man_n to_o aid_n and_o assist_v he_o in_o this_o war_n but_o they_o be_v most_o of_o they_o kill_v and_o wound_v he_o doubt_v lest_o this_o may_v make_v he_o take_v part_n against_o he_o and_o join_v with_o the_o tartar_n for_o prevention_n whereof_o and_o to_o satisfy_v the_o king_n in_o every_o scruple_n he_o immediate_o send_v a_o ambassador_n to_o he_o to_o return_v he_o thanks_o for_o those_o great_a succour_n he_o have_v send_v and_o withal_o signify_v his_o extraordinary_a grief_n and_o sorrow_n for_o the_o great_a loss_n which_o have_v fall_v upon_o the_o aforementioned_a aid_n in_o that_o war_n but_o that_o he_o hope_v in_o a_o short_a time_n to_o retaliate_v upon_o the_o enemy_n the_o wrong_n they_o have_v do_v to_o he_o and_o his_o kingdom_n and_o that_o his_o embassy_n may_v be_v the_o more_o grateful_a he_o likewise_o send_v several_a rich_a present_n and_o promise_v he_o his_o assistance_n where_o and_o whensoever_o he_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o but_o this_o friendly_a message_n look_v not_o only_o for_o verbal_a return_v for_o it_o be_v design_v as_o a_o motive_n to_o procure_v more_o succour_n from_o he_o which_o without_o doubt_n he_o have_v reason_n to_o endeavour_v in_o regard_n the_o people_n of_o this_o island_n of_o corea_n which_o lie_v very_o near_o to_o japan_n have_v out_o of_o the_o neighbourhood_n far_o great_a strength_n than_o the_o chinese_n and_o now_o crave_v leave_n for_o a_o little_a digression_n which_o may_v not_o be_v impertinent_a in_o regard_n there_o have_v be_v often_o mention_v make_v of_o this_o island_n of_o corea_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o i_o shall_v describe_v the_o same_o in_o short_a and_o all_o that_o be_v worth_a observation_n in_o the_o same_o it_o be_v unto_o this_o day_n doubt_v by_o those_o of_o europe_n whether_o corea_n be_v a_o island_n or_o firm_a land_n but_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o best_a writer_n it_o be_v a_o hang_a island_n surround_v with_o water_n on_o all_o part_n except_o the_o uttermost_a part_n which_o be_v join_v to_o the_o firm_a land_n for_o though_o trial_n have_v be_v make_v to_o sail_v round_o about_o yet_o it_o can_v never_o be_v do_v as_o some_o people_n seem_v to_o affirm_v to_o we_o from_o their_o own_o experience_n though_o some_o there_o be_v that_o affirm_v the_o contrary_n but_o this_o error_n proceed_v from_o a_o mistake_n of_o a_o certain_a great_a island_n call_v fungina_fw-la situate_v to_o the_o southward_n of_o it_o to_o be_v corea_n however_o it_o be_v this_o truth_n be_v most_o certain_a that_o all_o the_o chinese_n writer_n affirm_v corea_n to_o be_v firm_a land_n and_o join_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ninche_n in_o tartary_n another_o mistake_n may_v arise_v from_o the_o variety_n of_o the_o name_n give_v to_o it_o for_o the_o chineses_n call_v it_o chaosien_n therein_o follow_v the_o japanner_n though_o by_o we_o of_o europe_n it_o be_v call_v corea_n towards_o the_o north_n it_o border_n upon_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ninche_n on_o the_o north-west_n it_o have_v for_o confine_v the_o river_n yalo_n the_o rest_n be_v surround_v and_o wash_v with_o the_o sea_n the_o whole_a island_n be_v divide_v into_o eight_o province_n or_o county_n the_o middlemost_a and_o account_v the_o first_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o kinki_n wherein_o be_v situate_a the_o chief_a city_n of_o pingiang_n the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n the_o second_o towards_o the_o east_n be_v call_v kiangyven_v but_o heretofore_o gueipe_n the_o three_o situate_v towards_o thâ—_n west_n be_v now_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o hoangchui_n but_o be_v former_o call_v châ—â—sien_n the_o name_n at_o this_o day_n proper_a to_o the_o whole_a island_n the_o four_o situate_v â—â—â—ward_o the_o south_n now_o call_v civenlo_n be_v former_o name_v pienhari_n the_o fiâ—th_n also_o southerly_a but_o incline_v to_o the_o east_n be_v call_v kingxan_n the_o six_o towards_o the_o south-west_n be_v change_a the_o seven_o towards_o the_o north-east_n have_v the_o name_n of_o pingan_n in_o these_o county_n be_v several_a populous_a and_o rich_a city_n which_o for_o fashion_n and_o strength_n differ_v very_o little_a from_o those_o in_o china_n and_o build_v for_o the_o most_o part_n foursquare_a the_o country_n be_v very_o well_o people_v throughout_o the_o whole_a have_v but_o one_o form_n of_o government_n not_o at_o all_o differ_v in_o habit_n and_o use_v one_o and_o the_o same_o form_n both_o of_o speech_n and_o write_v their_o religion_n be_v the_o same_o with_o those_o of_o china_n hold_v the_o transmigration_n of_o the_o soul_n out_o of_o one_o body_n into_o another_o they_o all_o adore_v one_o idol_n call_v fe_o whereof_o i_o have_v already_o make_v mention_n the_o body_n of_o their_o dead_a friend_n they_o bury_v not_o till_o three_o year_n be_v full_o elapse_v and_o then_o they_o put_v they_o into_o very_o fine_a coffin_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o chinese_n glue_v up_o so_o very_o close_o that_o no_o scent_n can_v strike_v through_o they_o give_v a_o great_a liberty_n to_o their_o woman_n than_o the_o chinese_n for_o they_o admit_v of_o they_o into_o any_o company_n whereas_o the_o other_o will_v hardly_o suffer_v they_o to_o stir_v abroad_o here_o also_o the_o son_n or_o daughter_n may_v marry_v who_o they_o think_v fit_a without_o ask_v the_o consent_n of_o father_n or_o mother_n which_o be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o indeed_o all_o other_o civilise_a people_n this_o island_n be_v very_o fruitful_a in_o the_o product_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o fruit_n necessary_a for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o life_n especial_o of_o wheat_n and_o rice_n whereof_o there_o be_v twice_o a_o year_n plentiful_a harvest_n here_o also_o be_v make_v several_a sort_n of_o paper_n and_o curious_a pencil_n of_o wolf_n hair_n which_o the_o chineses_n and_o other_o neighbour_a people_n as_o well_o as_o themselves_o use_v in_o write_v here_o grow_v likewise_o the_o root_n guiseng_n and_o as_o be_v report_v be_v several_a gold-mine_n but_o notwithstanding_o all_o these_o advantage_n of_o natural_a commodity_n wherewith_o this_o place_n abound_v yet_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o drive_v no_o trade_n with_o any_o other_o foreign_a people_n but_o only_o those_o of_o china_n and_o japan_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v suffice_v to_o be_v speak_v of_o corea_n we_o will_v now_o return_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o sequel_n of_o the_o war_n the_o chinese_n emperor_n after_o his_o embassy_n to_o the_o king_n of_o corea_n to_o prevent_v the_o further_a invasion_n of_o the_o tartar_n and_o the_o better_a to_o oppose_v they_o muster_v several_a troop_n raise_v for_o his_o assistance_n out_o of_o the_o fifteen_o province_n or_o kingdom_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o send_v very_o great_a army_n towards_o leaotung_n and_o the_o better_a to_o furnish_v such_o vast_a army_n with_o provision_n he_o cause_v a_o extraordinary_a great_a fleet_n of_o ship_n to_o be_v equip_v in_o the_o famous_a port_n of_o thiencin_n which_o be_v whole_o employ_v to_o carry_v provision_n by_o sea_n from_o all_o part_n of_o china_n for_o their_o supply_n by_o the_o exact_a performance_n and_o observe_v whereof_o they_o have_v no_o want_n of_o any_o
settle_n of_o good_a garrison_n in_o all_o place_n march_v back_o in_o triumph_n to_o peking_n where_o he_o be_v receive_v with_o great_a joy_n and_o now_o have_v thus_o subdue_v the_o rebel_n and_o make_v all_o thing_n to_o become_v peaceable_a and_o quiet_a he_o bend_v all_o his_o thought_n to_o accomplish_v the_o match_n between_o the_o emperor_n his_o nephew_n and_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o king_n of_o west-tartary_n and_o to_o that_o end_n he_o take_v a_o journey_n thither_o in_o person_n and_o through_o his_o crafty_a behaviour_n at_o last_o obtain_v his_o suit_n and_o also_o licence_n for_o the_o exportation_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o horse_n the_o wedding_n be_v keep_v in_o very_o great_a state_n for_o the_o tartar_a king_n maintain_v in_o marriage_n the_o same_o custom_n with_o those_o of_o europe_n match_v only_o with_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o high_a quality_n whereas_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n be_v wont_a to_o choose_v only_o for_o beauty_n make_v no_o difference_n between_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n and_o one_o of_o a_o mean_a extraction_n for_o if_o the_o face_n do_v but_o please_v they_o they_o mind_v not_o the_o quality_n as_o a_o testimony_n whereof_o most_o true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o father_n of_o the_o last_o chinese_n empress_n maintain_v himself_o by_o make_v shoe_n of_o straw_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o three_o vice-roys_n who_o be_v make_v by_o the_o tartar_n governor_n over_o the_o three_o province_n of_o fokien_n quantung_n and_o quangsi_n and_o send_v with_o three_o army_n to_o reduce_v quantung_v drive_v out_o the_o emperor_n junglieus_n and_o pacify_v the_o disorder_n in_o the_o southern_a province_n they_o take_v their_o journey_n through_o a_o country_n which_o the_o tartar_n emperor_n have_v give_v to_o some_o tartar_n for_o the_o native_a chineses_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o conspiracy_n be_v all_o put_v to_o the_o sword_n to_o inhabit_v and_o cultivate_v the_o same_o they_o request_v of_o the_o vice-roys_n that_o they_o may_v accompany_v they_o upon_o the_o way_n for_o in_o truth_n these_o people_n ever_o have_v a_o aversion_n to_o husbandry_n love_v their_o arm_n better_a than_o the_o plough_n or_o spade_n but_o two_o of_o the_o vice-roys_n deny_v their_o request_n without_o leave_n from_o the_o emperor_n the_o three_o only_o call_v kengus_n be_v of_o a_o high_a and_o lofty_a spirit_n permit_v they_o to_o follow_v he_o so_o they_o abandon_v the_o country_n and_o exchange_v their_o spade_n and_o plough_n for_o bough_n and_o arrow_n follow_v their_o countryman_n with_o great_a joy_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o emperor_n hear_v of_o it_o he_o write_v a_o letter_n to_o kengus_n with_o express_a command_n to_o send_v they_o back_o to_o their_o husbandry_n but_o kengus_n take_v no_o notice_n thereof_o suffer_v they_o to_o continue_v their_o march_n with_o he_o whereof_o the_o emperor_n have_v a_o second_o time_n notice_n in_o a_o great_a rage_n send_v to_o the_o chief_a tutang_n or_o governor_n of_o the_o southern_a province_n who_o hold_v his_o court_n at_o nank_v either_o to_o imprison_v or_o kill_v kengus_n the_o tutang_n forthwith_o obey_v the_o emperor_n order_n for_o after_o the_o three_o vice-roys_n be_v arrive_v at_o nank_v and_o have_v be_v noble_o treat_v by_o the_o tutang_n he_o pull_v out_o his_o letter_n and_o order_n show_v they_o to_o kengus_n who_o know_v that_o no_o excuse_n will_v be_v admit_v go_v immediate_o and_o hang_v himself_o however_o his_o son_n who_o accompany_v he_o in_o the_o war_n succeed_v he_o in_o his_o place_n by_o order_n of_o the_o emperor_n after_o this_o the_o other_o two_o vice-roys_n through_o the_o province_n of_o xantung_n kiangsi_n and_o nank_v at_o last_o arrive_v at_o quantung_n with_o a_o intention_n according_a to_o their_o commission_n to_o reduce_v that_o province_n and_o to_o force_v junglieu_n to_o fly_v thence_o and_o indeed_o no_o soon_o be_v the_o report_n of_o the_o come_n of_o these_o three_o army_n spread_v 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he_o be_v necessitate_v to_o betake_v himself_o to_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tungk_v where_o what_o become_v of_o he_o be_v not_o since_o that_o time_n certain_o know_v in_o the_o year_n 1651._o die_v the_o faithful_a uncle_n of_o the_o tartar_n emperor_n to_o the_o great_a grief_n and_o lamentation_n of_o all_o people_n for_o he_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o great_a valour_n prudence_n and_o experience_n and_o to_o who_o happy_a conduct_v the_o conquest_n of_o china_n be_v chief_o to_o be_v attribute_v not_o only_o the_o tartar_n but_o the_o chineses_n themselves_o love_v and_o fear_v he_o for_o his_o understanding_n in_o martial_a affair_n and_o his_o otherwise_o civil_a comportment_n and_o integrity_n and_o as_o good_a man_n always_o die_v too_o soon_o so_o be_v he_o hardly_o cold_a but_o great_a division_n happen_v in_o the_o court_n by_o mean_n of_o one_o of_o the_o emperor_n brother_n call_v quintus_fw-la who_o will_v take_v upon_o he_o the_o guardianship_n and_o 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the_o tartar_n at_o last_o conquer_v the_o same_o now_o you_o be_v to_o remember_v that_o contemporary_a with_o licungzus_n be_v another_o thief_n call_v changlianchus_n the_o remain_a transaction_n of_o who_o villainy_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o in_o part_n make_v mention_n i_o shall_v now_o relate_v and_o indeed_o when_o i_o call_v to_o mind_v the_o cruelty_n commit_v by_o this_o monster_n in_o man_n shape_n i_o be_o as_o one_o deprive_v of_o his_o sense_n for_o his_o action_n be_v so_o dismal_a and_o horrid_a that_o whoever_o hear_v of_o they_o will_v be_v fill_v with_o stupefaction_n and_o amazement_n this_o robber_n changlianchus_n plunder_v and_o ruin_v several_a province_n put_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o unspeakable_a torture_n to_o make_v they_o confess_v where_o they_o have_v hide_v their_o wealth_n and_o good_n he_o be_v great_o delight_v to_o put_v out_o people_n eye_n and_o to_o see_v
that_o do_v impose_v some_o glorious_a title_n on_o the_o empire_n according_a to_o his_o own_o will_n and_o pleasure_n so_o in_o time_n past_o we_o read_v that_o it_o be_v call_v tan_n which_o be_v to_o say_v a_o empire_n without_o bound_n other_o time_n thou_o that_o denote_v rest_n or_o repose_v then_o hiu_o from_o the_o name_n of_o a_o great_a duke_n i_o find_v it_o also_o call_v sciam_fw-la as_o if_o you_o shall_v say_v a_o most_o adorn_v kingdom_n cheu_n signify_v a_o kingdom_n that_o exceed_v all_o other_o kingdom_n in_o perfection_n also_o han_n by_o which_o word_n they_o denominate_v the_o milky-path_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o almost_o each_o several_a nation_n do_v describe_v it_o by_o the_o imposition_n of_o proper_a and_o different_a term_n now_o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v call_v ciumquo_n and_o by_o some_o ciunhoa_n whereof_o the_o former_a signify_v a_o garden_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o pleasantness_n and_o abundance_n of_o delightful_a thing_n and_o the_o 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suchuem_fw-la utquang_n chekiam_n and_o nankim_n that_o i_o may_v comprehend_v all_o in_o brief_a first_o i_o shall_v annex_v a_o geographical_a scheme_n or_o map_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n divide_v into_o fifteen_o province_n that_o you_o may_v more_o clear_o discover_v the_o situation_n of_o each_o and_o that_o we_o may_v not_o appear_v to_o have_v let_v slip_v any_o thing_n memorable_a in_o reference_n to_o the_o city_n mountain_n river_n lake_n and_o other_o occurrence_n worthy_a of_o observation_n i_o have_v here_o prefix_v this_o geographical_a table_n which_o contain_v a_o description_n of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n from_o which_o as_o from_o a_o alone_a compendium_n you_o may_v find_v whatsoever_o present_v itself_o worthy_a of_o consideration_n chap._n ii_o in_o the_o year_n 1625._o when_o in_o siganfu_n monument_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o xensi_fw-la in_o a_o certain_a village_n a_o trench_n be_v dig_v for_o the_o fit_a foundation_n of_o a_o edifice_n or_o building_n it_o so_o happen_v that_o in_o the_o cast_n up_o of_o the_o earth_n the_o laborer_n find_v a_o stone_n table_n worthy_a of_o note_n for_o its_o chinesian_a write_n which_o when_o they_o have_v dig_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n they_o measure_v its_o quantity_n and_o find_v it_o in_o length_n nine_o handful_n and_o a_o half_a in_o breadth_n five_o and_o in_o thickness_n about_o one_o whereupon_o be_v curious_o engrave_v a_o cross._n those_o who_o studious_o view_v it_o report_n that_o the_o cross_n be_v bend_v inward_o like_a to_o the_o lily_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v at_o meliapore_n in_o india_n on_o the_o sepulchre_n of_o st._n thomas_n the_o apostle_n and_o not_o much_o unlike_a that_o which_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o order_n of_o st._n john_n of_o jerusalem_n bear_v partly_o hang_v on_o their_o neck_n and_o partly_o sew_v to_o their_o garment_n and_o cloak_n under_o this_o cross_n follow_v the_o title_n of_o the_o inscription_n express_v throughout_o the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o stone_n in_o the_o chinesian_a language_n and_o character_n as_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o figure_n adjoin_v and_o as_o the_o chineses_n be_v carry_v as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o certain_a natural_a propensity_n unto_o thing_n curious_a so_o also_o the_o first_o report_n of_o the_o find_n of_o this_o stone_n attract_v a_o great_a multitude_n of_o their_o learned_a man_n who_o resort_v thither_o from_o all_o part_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o place_n be_v move_v with_o the_o strangeness_n of_o this_o monument_n have_v serious_o contemplate_v the_o venerable_a antiquity_n of_o it_o that_o he_o may_v allure_v and_o draw_v the_o people_n from_o all_o part_n by_o the_o fame_n thereof_o for_o the_o benefit_n and_o reputation_n of_o the_o city_n place_v it_o on_o a_o table_n or_o pedestal_n curious_o wrought_v within_o the_o court_n of_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o bonzii_n and_o erect_v a_o roof_n over_o it_o partly_o that_o it_o 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read_v it_o they_o can_v not_o sufficient_o admire_v the_o providence_n of_o the_o divine_a majesty_n that_o shall_v condescend_v so_o far_o to_o disclose_v a_o monument_n of_o so_o great_a concern_v for_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o heathen_a in_o this_o novel_a vintage_n of_o christ_n wherefore_o not_o to_o conceal_v their_o joy_n they_o betake_v themselves_o to_o siganfu_n the_o great_a metropolitan_a city_n of_o xensi_fw-la that_o they_o may_v be_v ocular_a spectator_n of_o it_o of_o which_o the_o first_o be_v father_n alvares_n samedus_n a_o portugese_n who_o word_n i_o shall_v the_o rather_o allege_v by_o how_o much_o he_o be_v the_o more_o engage_v unto_o i_o by_o the_o strict_a tie_n of_o friendship_n whilst_o he_o remain_v at_o rome_n procurator_n or_o provincial_n where_o he_o relate_v to_o i_o in_o a_o familiar_a conference_n all_o the_o observation_n he_o have_v make_v concern_v this_o monument_n now_o he_o thus_o relate_v the_o whole_a circumstance_n in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o china_n publish_a in_o italian_a pag._n 158._o three_o year_n after_o in_o the_o year_n 1628._o there_o go_v some_o father_n to_o that_o province_n upon_o occasion_n of_o a_o mandorin_n be_v a_o christian_n who_o name_n be_v philip_n who_o be_v go_v thither_o those_o father_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o mandorin_n erect_v both_o a_o church_n and_o a_o house_n in_o the_o metropolis_n of_o siganfu_n that_o since_o our_o bless_a god_n who_o will_v that_o so_o fair_a a_o memorial_n of_o a_o hold_v take_v of_o his_o divine_a law_n in_o that_o country_n shall_v be_v discover_v he_o may_v also_o be_v serve_v and_o the_o restoration_n of_o the_o same_o faith_n institute_v in_o the_o same_o place_n it_o be_v grant_v to_o i_o to_o be_v of_o the_o first_o and_o i_o fancy_v that_o mansion_n happy_a because_o of_o see_v the_o monument_n and_o when_o i_o get_v thither_o i_o care_v not_o for_o
inhabit_v and_o in_o the_o eight_o part_n line_n 18._o he_o say_v that_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o gold_n be_v gather_v out_o of_o these_o mountain_n and_o divers_a sort_n of_o precious_a stone_n and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a monarch_n that_o rule_v over_o these_o country_n all_o which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o great_a cham_n as_o marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n a_o eye-witness_n in_o his_o first_o book_n chap._n 64._o deliver_v in_o these_o word_n depart_v from_o the_o province_n of_o egriaia_n towards_o the_o east_n the_o way_n lead_v unto_o tenduc_n it_o be_v better_a to_o read_v it_o tanchut_v now_o tanchut_n be_v a_o kingdom_n of_o tartary_n which_o comprehend_v many_o other_o kingdom_n as_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lasa_n or_o that_o which_o the_o tartar_n call_v barantola_n the_o kingdom_n of_o nethel_n tibeth_n maranga_n and_o other_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v anon_o together_o with_o the_o desert_n kalmack_n which_o be_v bound_v by_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o most_o geographer_n confound_v this_o kingdom_n with_o cathay_n in_o which_o be_v many_o city_n and_o tent_n where_o also_o that_o great_a emperor_n term_v presbyter_n john_n so_o famous_a throughout_o the_o whole_a world_n be_v wont_a to_o reside_v but_o now_o that_o province_n be_v tributary_n to_o the_o great_a cham_n have_v a_o king_n of_o the_o progeny_n of_o presbyter_n john_n and_o although_o there_o be_v many_o idolater_n and_o mahometan_n yet_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o province_n embrace_v the_o christian_a faith_n and_o these_o christian_n be_v the_o chief_a in_o this_o province_n especial_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a nation_n in_o the_o province_n call_v argon_fw-la which_o be_v more_o subtle_a and_o eloquent_a than_o the_o other_o people_n here_o be_v also_o the_o region_n of_o gog_n and_o magog_n which_o they_o term_v lugier_n and_o mongug_v in_o these_o place_n be_v find_v the_o stone_n lazuli_n that_o make_v the_o best_a azure_a in_o these_o mountain_n also_o be_v great_a province_n mine_n of_o silver_n and_o various_a sort_n of_o wild_a beast_n all_o which_o apt_o consent_v with_o the_o description_n of_o the_o arabic_a geographer_n before_o allege_v also_o he_o thus_o write_v concern_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mountain_n jagog_n and_o magog_n in_o his_o first_o book_n chap._n 27._o hence_o if_o you_o travel_v to_o the_o eastern_a quarter_n you_o must_v ascend_v for_o three_o whole_a day_n up_o the_o steep_a rock_n of_o caucasus_n mountain_n until_o you_o come_v to_o a_o most_o high_a mountain_n than_o which_o there_o be_v not_o a_o high_a in_o the_o world_n and_o there_o also_o appear_v no_o bird_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o cold_a and_o the_o over_o high_a elevation_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o can_v afford_v no_o food_n unto_o animal_n and_o if_o at_o any_o time_n fire_n he_o kindle_v there_o it_o become_v not_o light_n it_o be_v obstruct_v by_o the_o overmuch_o coldness_n of_o the_o region_n neither_o be_v it_o of_o that_o activity_n as_o in_o low_a place_n and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o say_v this_o region_n be_v call_v belor_n always_o have_v the_o face_n of_o winter_n stamp_v on_o it_o thus_o far_o marcus_n paulus_n all_o which_o agree_v unto_o that_o mountain_n which_o they_o call_v langur_n the_o high_a mountain_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lasa_n concern_v which_o father_n john_n gruberus_n who_o travel_v through_o it_o on_o foot_n relate_v that_o you_o can_v travel_v through_o it_o in_o summer_n without_o danger_n both_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a subtlety_n of_o the_o air_n which_o hardly_o admit_v a_o passenger_n to_o breathe_v and_o also_o because_o of_o the_o vapour_n of_o a_o certain_a poisonous_a herb_n which_o by_o its_o scent_n kill_v both_o man_n and_o beast_n and_o about_o this_o kingdom_n of_o belor_n viz._n the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o the_o sacae_n the_o arabian_a geographer_n place_v the_o principal_a kingdom_n of_o presbyter_n john_n in_o cathay_n as_o the_o tractate_n write_v by_o rabbi_n abraham_n pizol_n do_v also_o clear_o demonstrate_v the_o nubian_n or_o arabic_a geographer_n call_v it_o begarge_a in_o which_o he_o say_v there_o be_v situate_a a_o very_a great_a city_n his_o word_n be_v these_o in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o it_o be_v the_o kingdom_n of_o begarger_n the_o great_a city_n of_o which_o be_v call_v centaba_n fortify_v with_o twelve_o iron_n gate_n rabbi_n pizol_n with_o paulus_n venetus_n call_v it_o belor_n in_o which_o he_o say_v the_o kingdom_n of_o thebeth_n be_v late_o discover_v his_o word_n be_v as_o follow_v the_o kingdom_n of_o belor_n be_v very_o great_a and_o mighty_a according_a unto_o all_o historian_n that_o have_v write_v of_o it_o there_o be_v many_o jew_n inhabit_v in_o it_o principal_o in_o the_o eastern_a and_o northern_a quarter_n and_o there_o be_v moreover_o other_o eastern_a people_n not_o long_o since_o discover_v call_v by_o the_o native_n thebeth_n have_v a_o most_o splendid_a and_o magnificent_a city_n exceed_v all_o other_o in_o magnitude_n there_o be_v not_o the_o like_a under_o the_o canopy_n of_o heaven_n in_o which_o all_o good_a thing_n be_v find_v which_o indeed_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o city_n chaparangue_n situate_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o thebeth_n concern_v the_o monument_n of_o which_o in_o relation_n unto_o our_o religion_n there_o leave_v by_o the_o christian_n father_n anthony_n andradas_n a_o portugese_n of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n relate_v wonder_n who_o when_o he_o have_v hear_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o be_v profess_v christian_n he_o take_v a_o voyage_n into_o the_o same_o from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mogor_n anno_fw-la 1624._o full_a of_o labour_n and_o difficulty_n in_o which_o also_o have_v discover_v the_o fountain_n or_o head_n of_o ganges_n and_o indus_n he_o observe_v many_o thing_n most_o worthy_a of_o consideration_n and_o admiration_n as_o i_o have_v it_o confirm_v by_o joseph_n a_o christian_a of_o the_o mogor_n country_n who_o at_o the_o time_n of_o this_o my_o writing_n with_o father_n henry_n roth_n moderator_n of_o the_o new_a convert_v christian_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o mogor_n be_v yet_o at_o rome_n strong_a and_o lusty_a although_o eighty_o five_o year_n of_o age_n who_o relate_v unto_o i_o every_o particular_a there_o be_v in_o the_o most_o high_a mountain_n of_o thebeth_n that_o be_v perpetual_o cover_v with_o snow_n a_o great_a lake_n the_o receptacle_n of_o the_o great_a river_n of_o india_n from_o which_o indus_n ganges_n ravi_n athec_n derive_v their_o current_n hence_o the_o river_n ganges_n have_v its_o original_n fall_v down_o from_o the_o most_o high_a rock_n into_o a_o low_a valley_n indus_n and_o the_o other_o river_n make_v their_o outlet_n through_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o map_n now_o he_o affirm_v this_o kingdom_n to_o be_v one_o of_o those_o of_o great_a cathay_n that_o be_v contain_v both_o without_o and_o within_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o chinese_n although_o the_o relation_n be_v not_o in_o every_o respect_n conformable_a unto_o that_o perform_v by_o benedict_n go_v of_o our_o society_n which_o he_o undertake_v by_o order_n of_o his_o superior_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v anon_o and_o in_o these_o vast_a region_n of_o cathay_n i_o find_v by_o the_o relation_n of_o paulus_n venetus_n that_o most_o potent_a emperor_n presbyter_n john_n to_o have_v have_v subject_a unto_o his_o dominion_n seventy_o two_o king_n partly_o christian_n and_o partly_o heathen_n although_o the_o similitude_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o those_o vast_a region_n and_o the_o name_n arise_v from_o the_o various_a revolution_n of_o those_o nation_n the_o tumult_n of_o war_n and_o the_o other_o change_n of_o affair_n together_o with_o the_o different_a denomination_n have_v cause_v such_o and_o so_o great_a a_o confusion_n that_o to_o this_o very_a day_n no_o person_n have_v be_v able_a to_o free_v himself_o out_o of_o this_o intricate_a labyrinth_n for_o some_o make_v he_o the_o same_o with_o the_o great_a cham_n other_o call_v he_o ascid_n by_o original_a a_o persian_a so_o almachin_n in_o the_o three_o book_n and_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o history_n of_o the_o saracen_n every_o king_n say_v he_o of_o pharanga_n so_o they_o call_v the_o city_n of_o sogdiana_n be_v call_v ascid_n as_o the_o roman_a emperor_n be_v call_v caesar_n and_o the_o king_n of_o the_o persian_n cosrai_n and_o there_o be_v some_o that_o rather_o by_o a_o new_a name_n with_o the_o ethiopian_n more_o true_o than_o by_o the_o old_a term_v he_o juchanes_n belul_n that_o be_v to_o say_v precious_a john_n other_o by_o no_o improbable_a conjecture_n do_v assert_v that_o in_o honour_n of_o the_o prophet_n jonah_n who_o be_v high_o respect_v among_o they_o all_o that_o govern_v the_o empire_n be_v so_o denominate_v but_o yet_o in_o these_o western_a part_n of_o the_o latin_a
same_o mistake_n by_o which_o he_o call_v tiger_n lion_n notwithstanding_o here_o be_v none_o to_o be_v find_v nor_o almost_o in_o all_o asia_n except_o you_o will_v have_v he_o to_o be_v understand_v not_o only_o to_o comprehend_v the_o bridge_n that_o be_v both_o within_o the_o city_n and_o without_o in_o the_o suburb_n but_o also_o those_o of_o the_o whole_a empire_n and_o then_o indeed_o their_o number_n which_o otherwise_o will_v hardly_o gain_v credit_n among_o we_o may_v easy_o be_v augment_v there_o be_v so_o vast_a a_o abundance_n of_o bridge_n and_o triumphal_a arch_n every_o where_o to_o be_v find_v for_o the_o great_a confirmation_n of_o this_o matter_n there_o be_v a_o lake_n of_o forty_o italian_a mile_n which_o they_o call_v sihu_n which_o although_o it_o be_v not_o within_o the_o wall_n yet_o it_o do_v encompass_v it_o for_o a_o large_a space_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o south_n and_o many_o channel_n be_v draw_v from_o it_o into_o the_o city_n moreover_o the_o bank_n or_o shore_n of_o it_o on_o every_o side_n be_v so_o beset_v with_o temple_n monastery_n palace_n library_n and_o private_a edifice_n that_o you_o will_v suppose_v yourself_o to_o be_v within_o a_o most_o spacious_a city_n and_o not_o in_o the_o country_n the_o margin_n or_o bank_n of_o the_o lake_n be_v raise_v in_o every_o part_n with_o foursquare_a and_o cut_v stone_n and_o a_o convenient_a passage_n leave_v for_o traveller_n also_o some_o passage_n go_v clear_a through_o the_o lake_n furnish_v with_o many_o and_o those_o very_a high_a bridge_n under_o which_o ship_n may_v pass_v in_o pass_v over_o which_o they_o may_v to_o and_o fro_o encompass_v the_o lake_n whence_o these_o bridge_n may_v easy_o be_v reckon_v by_o venetus_n to_o belong_v to_o the_o city_n this_o be_v that_o city_n which_o have_v a_o mountain_n within_o its_o wall_n on_o the_o southside_n term_v chinghoang_v in_o which_o be_v that_o tower_n with_o a_o guard_n where_o they_o measure_v the_o hour_n by_o a_o hourglass_n and_o it_o be_v declare_v or_o inscribe_v on_o a_o tablet_n how_o many_o hour_n in_o large_a golden_a letter_n this_o be_v that_o city_n all_o who_o street_n be_v pave_v with_o square_a stone_n and_o this_o be_v situate_a in_o a_o moorish_a place_n and_o divide_v by_o many_o navigable_a channel_n last_o this_o be_v the_o city_n to_o omit_v other_o thing_n from_o which_o the_o emperor_n take_v his_o flight_n unto_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o great_a river_n cientang_n the_o breadth_n of_o which_o exceed_v a_o german_a mile_n and_o flow_v to_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o city_n so_o that_o here_o be_v the_o very_a same_o river_n which_o venetus_n ascribe_v unto_o quinsai_n whence_o it_o be_v disembogue_v into_o the_o sea_n towards_o the_o east_n from_o which_o this_o city_n be_v as_o far_o distant_a as_o venetus_n do_v affirm_v it_o i_o add_v that_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o city_n be_v above_o a_o hundred_o italian_a mile_n if_o you_o reckon_v in_o the_o large_a suburb_n which_o extend_v very_o far_o on_o every_o side_n whence_o you_o shall_v go_v over_o five_o hundred_o chinesian_a pace_n or_o stadiums_n by_o walk_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n or_o way_n from_o north_n to_o south_n through_o the_o most_o large_a and_o populous_a street_n in_o which_o you_o shall_v find_v no_o place_n destitute_a either_o of_o house_n or_o people_n you_o may_v perform_v the_o like_a journey_n almost_o from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o north._n see_v therefore_o that_o according_a unto_o the_o chinesian_a history_n the_o name_n the_o description_n the_o magnitude_n and_o all_o other_o passage_n do_v demonstrate_v this_o to_o be_v the_o city_n quinsai_n we_o ought_v no_o long_o to_o question_n or_o doubt_v of_o the_o same_o thus_o father_n martinius_n martinii_n in_o the_o place_n cite_v sect_n i._o the_o voyage_n of_o benedict_n go_v of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n into_o cathay_n or_o china_n take_v out_o of_o father_n nicholas_n trigautius_n i_o shall_v therefore_o now_o brief_o show_v whence_o proceed_v that_o so_o great_a confusion_n of_o opinion_n concern_v the_o proper_a situation_n of_o cathay_n now_o it_o be_v know_v both_o from_o the_o history_n of_o marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n haytho_n the_o armenian_a and_o also_o from_o the_o chronology_n of_o the_o chinese_n that_o the_o great_a cham_n emperor_n of_o the_o tartar_n who_o some_o call_v cublai_n other_o ulcam_v or_o uncam_fw-la anno_fw-la 1256._o make_v a_o breach_n or_o irruption_n through_o the_o wall_n gain_v the_o whole_a empire_n of_o the_o chinese_n which_o then_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o empire_n whereof_o the_o one_o towards_o the_o north_n be_v call_v cathay_n the_o other_o towards_o the_o south_n mangi_n whence_o as_o the_o north_n part_n of_o china_n with_o the_o other_o region_n without_o the_o wall_n be_v otherwise_o vulgar_o call_v cathay_n so_o also_o the_o whole_a empire_n of_o the_o chineses_n be_v now_o possess_v the_o whole_a be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o cathay_n by_o the_o tartar_n and_o the_o adjoin_a saracen_n the_o name_n of_o the_o other_o circumjacent_a region_n without_o the_o wall_n be_v utter_o extinguish_v so_o that_o from_o that_o very_a time_n that_o only_a empire_n of_o the_o chineses_n that_o extend_v so_o far_o include_v within_o the_o wall_n be_v call_v cathay_n by_o as_o many_o as_o traffic_v or_o merchandize_v thither_o from_o indostan_n usbec_n camul_n and_o other_o mediterranean_a region_n as_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o voyage_n of_o our_o brother_n benedict_n go_v but_o because_o that_o be_v not_o only_o undertake_v and_o decree_v by_o the_o command_n and_o advice_n of_o the_o superior_n of_o our_o society_n cathay_n but_o also_o by_o the_o command_n of_o the_o viceroy_n of_o aria_n in_o india_n call_v saldagna_n yea_o also_o of_o the_o great_a acabar_n emperor_n of_o the_o mogor_n both_o to_o find_v out_o cathay_n and_o also_o to_o instruct_v in_o the_o christian_a religion_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o interjacent_a kingdom_n certain_o it_o be_v perform_v with_o all_o the_o diligence_n and_o care_n possible_a by_o benedict_n go_v a_o person_n of_o great_a prudence_n and_o understanding_n and_o also_o skilled_a in_o the_o persian_a language_n which_o he_o have_v excellent_o attain_v to_o by_o a_o long_a stay_n or_o continuance_n in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o mogor_n and_o where_o he_o be_v very_o familiar_a with_o the_o emperor_n acabar_n therefore_o he_o be_v sufficient_o furnish_v with_o supply_n convenient_a for_o so_o great_a a_o voyage_n from_o the_o viceroy_n of_o india_n and_o have_v also_o the_o diploma_n patent_n or_o pass_v take_v the_o habit_n of_o the_o armenian_n and_o change_v also_o his_o name_n benedict_n into_o abdulla_n which_o signify_v the_o servant_n of_o god_n and_o join_v with_o he_o a_o armenian_a name_v isaac_n as_o his_o inseparable_a companion_n in_o his_o voyage_n anno_fw-la 1603._o in_o the_o solemn_a lent_n fast_o depart_v from_o lahor_n the_o regal_a city_n of_o the_o mogor_n he_o travel_v towards_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cascar_n in_o the_o company_n of_o five_o hundred_o person_n which_o they_o call_v the_o caravan_n have_v with_o they_o a_o great_a multitude_n of_o beast_n of_o carriage_n camel_n and_o wagon_n in_o a_o month_n he_o arrive_v at_o the_o city_n athec_n under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o mogor_n and_o have_v pass_v over_o the_o river_n indus_n at_o the_o end_n of_o two_o month_n more_o he_o come_v unto_o passaur_n where_o he_o be_v inform_v by_o a_o hermit_n that_o about_o two_o month_n journey_n far_o towards_o the_o north_n be_v the_o region_n caphurstan_n that_o be_v the_o land_n of_o infidel_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v treat_v anon_o that_o have_v many_o christian_n in_o it_o unto_o which_o notwithstanding_o be_v hinder_v by_o the_o caravan_n he_o can_v not_o travel_v hence_o in_o the_o course_n of_o twenty_o five_o day_n he_o come_v unto_o a_o city_n name_v ghideli_fw-la where_o he_o be_v in_o great_a danger_n of_o thief_n depart_v thence_o in_o twenty_o day_n he_o come_v to_o the_o city_n cabul_n a_o city_n yet_o subject_a to_o the_o mogor_n from_o whence_o he_o go_v unto_o chianacar_n a_o city_n abound_v with_o iron_n and_o from_o thence_o in_o ten_o day_n he_o arrive_v at_o a_o place_n call_v parvan_n the_o last_o town_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o mogor_n after_o five_o day_n respite_n he_o come_v in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o day_n to_o a_o region_n name_v aâ—cheran_n have_v pass_v over_o exceed_v high_a mountain_n and_o in_o fifteen_o day_n more_o he_o arrive_v at_o the_o city_n calcia_n and_o there_o have_v spend_v ten_o day_n he_o come_v to_o a_o certain_a place_n call_v gialalabeth_n famous_a for_o the_o portage_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o brahmin_n after_o fifteen_o day_n more_o he_o come_v to_o talhan_n and_o hence_o proceed_v forward_o to_o chaman_n he_o incur_v the_o
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chinese_n unto_o which_o the_o chinesian_a name_n of_o the_o city_n with_o their_o custom_n and_o manner_n be_v altogether_o consonant_a and_o agreeable_a as_o i_o have_v show_v at_o large_a in_o the_o precede_a discourse_n haython_n the_o armenian_a a_o monk_n of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o praemonstratensis_fw-la and_o of_o the_o bloud-royal_a a_o traveller_n throughout_o the_o whole_a east_n he_o with_o the_o fidelity_n of_o a_o religious_a person_n confirm_v whatsoever_o be_v more_o large_o relate_v by_o paulus_n venetus_n concern_v the_o kingdom_n of_o cathay_n for_o anno_fw-la 1307._o he_o behold_v all_o those_o kingdom_n of_o the_o utmost_a part_n of_o the_o east_n with_o his_o own_o eye_n the_o cause_n manner_n and_o occasion_n of_o which_o voyage_n we_o shall_v afterward_o declare_v now_o he_o thus_o speak_v concern_v the_o kingdom_n of_o cathay_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o history_n the_o kingdom_n of_o cathay_n be_v the_o great_a that_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o world_n and_o be_v replenish_v with_o infinite_a people_n and_o riches_n it_o be_v situate_a on_o the_o sea-coast_n the_o man_n of_o of_o those_o part_n be_v most_o subtle_a and_o full_a of_o deceit_n and_o therefore_o in_o all_o knowledge_n makeslight_o of_o all_o other_o nation_n for_o they_o say_v that_o they_o be_v the_o only_a people_n that_o see_v with_o both_o eye_n and_o all_o other_o only_o with_o one_o they_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n little_a eye_n and_o be_v natural_o without_o beard_n and_o moreover_o it_o be_v report_v concern_v this_o kingdom_n that_o it_o be_v situate_a in_o the_o chief_a part_n of_o the_o world_n because_o it_o have_v the_o east_n on_o one_o part_n and_o on_o the_o other_o part_n there_o do_v no_o nation_n inhabit_v as_o they_o report_v on_o the_o west_n it_o have_v its_o confine_n on_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tarsa_n on_o the_o north_n it_o be_v bound_v with_o the_o desert_n of_o belgian_n and_o on_o the_o east_n and_o
in_o the_o same_o quote_v place_n of_o antonius_n unto_o st._n lewis_n king_n of_o france_n who_o be_v also_o at_o the_o same_o time_n intent_n on_o the_o war_n undertake_v against_o the_o mahometan_n in_o the_o island_n of_o cyprus_n in_o which_o epistle_n he_o ardent_o exhort_v he_o to_o accomplish_v the_o same_o enterprise_n together_o with_o he_o and_o because_o it_o be_v worthy_a of_o consideration_n i_o think_v it_o requisite_a here_o to_o insert_v it_o this_o be_v the_o exemplar_n or_o transcript_n of_o the_o letter_n which_o ercaltay_v prince_n of_o the_o tartar_n send_v unto_o king_n lewis_n and_o by_o his_o command_n translate_v into_o latin_a word_n for_o word_n the_o word_n of_o ercaltay_n france_n send_v by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o high_a god_n from_o the_o king_n of_o the_o land_n of_o cham_n unto_o the_o great_a king_n the_o strenuous_a or_o victorious_a conqueror_n of_o many_o province_n the_o sword_n of_o the_o world_n the_o victory_n of_o christianity_n the_o 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the_o cross_n but_o concern_v this_o see_v more_o at_o large_a st._n antonius_n in_o the_o forecited_n place_n as_o also_o vincentius_n bishop_n of_o bellay_n in_o his_o speculum_fw-la historicum_fw-la or_o historical_a looking-glass_n all_o which_o happen_v about_o the_o year_n 1256._o and_o be_v consonant_a to_o what_o we_o a_o little_a before_o allege_v out_o of_o paulus_n venetus_n and_o haython_n st._n antonius_n assert_v in_o the_o place_n quote_v that_o some_o tartar_n come_v unto_o the_o council_n hold_v under_o innocent_a the_o four_o at_o length_n anno_fw-la 1300._o as_o vadingus_fw-la relate_v in_o the_o life_n of_o odiricus_fw-la many_o religious_a person_n of_o the_o order_n of_o st._n francis_n be_v send_v unto_o the_o great_a cham_n into_o the_o great_a cathay_n and_o tartary_n and_o remain_v in_o the_o city_n of_o cambalu_n and_o nanchin_n which_o they_o call_v the_o city_n of_o heaven_n as_o also_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tebeth_n convert_v many_o of_o the_o infidel_n and_o pagan_n unto_o the_o faith_n of_o christ._n this_o st._n odiricus_fw-la abovementioned_a be_v a_o person_n of_o the_o same_o order_n who_o be_v inflame_v with_o a_o zeal_n of_o gain_v all_o the_o people_n of_o those_o kingdom_n unto_o christ_n be_v report_v to_o have_v travel_v thither_o as_o be_v show_v at_o large_a by_o the_o reverend_a father_n bollandus_n and_o hoenschenius_fw-la in_o the_o splendid_a work_n of_o the_o life_n of_o the_o saint_n unto_o which_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n where_o in_o the_o first_o tome_n on_o the_o fifteen_o day_n of_o january_n they_o at_o large_a demonstrate_v the_o same_o in_o their_o learned_a commentary_n and_o therefore_o by_o this_o occasion_n the_o gospel_n of_o christ_n be_v spread_v throughout_o all_o tartary_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cathay_n which_o be_v china_n be_v in_o every_o place_n much_o augment_v but_o as_o we_o have_v often_o say_v before_o what_o through_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o cultivator_n of_o the_o vineyard_n 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i_o esteem_v requisite_a to_o acquaint_v the_o reader_n with_o concern_v the_o change_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n in_o china_n tartary_n and_o the_o other_o region_n of_o india_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o last_o introduction_n of_o christianity_n into_o china_n the_o church_n of_o christ_n continue_v thus_o from_o anno_fw-la 636._o in_o which_o the_o syro-chinesian_a monument_n be_v erect_v in_o china_n china_n and_o make_v great_a progress_n behold_v the_o enemy_n of_o mankind_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o wicked_a man_n throw_v down_o at_o one_o shock_n or_o storm_n whatsoever_o the_o church_n of_o god_n have_v perfect_v in_o many_o year_n the_o preacher_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n out_o of_o the_o hatred_n and_o envy_n of_o the_o bonzii_n be_v some_o put_v to_o death_n and_o the_o rest_n banish_v whence_o the_o faithful_a at_o that_o time_n persevere_v in_o the_o constancy_n of_o the_o faith_n receive_v even_o unto_o the_o death_n but_o their_o posterity_n in_o process_n of_o time_n
separate_v it_o from_o tartary_n and_o india_n the_o further_a extent_n of_o china_n take_v in_o the_o breadth_n begin_v in_o the_o south_n upon_o the_o island_n hainan_n extent_n which_o lie_v in_o 18_o degree_n northern_a latitude_n from_o thence_o it_o reach_v towards_o the_o north_n to_o 42_o degree_n insomuch_o that_o china_n in_o the_o breadth_n extend_v to_o 22_o degree_n mile_n that_o be_v 330_o dutch_a league_n it_o be_v length_n begin_v in_o the_o province_n of_o juunan_n at_o 120_o degree_n and_o end_n in_o the_o east_n at_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o town_n ningpo_n call_v by_o the_o portuguese_n nampo_n at_o 132_o degree_n mile_n so_o that_o this_o part_n consist_v of_o 450_o league_n in_o longitude_n china_n be_v not_o a_o little_a secure_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o adjacent_a kingdom_n and_o the_o natural_a and_o strong_a fort_n whereby_o this_o king_n realm_n stand_v so_o entire_o protect_v against_o all_o violence_n from_o without_o that_o the_o like_a be_v hardly_o to_o be_v see_v elsewhere_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o avenue_n find_v lead_v to_o this_o monarchy_n insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v so_o well_o provide_v and_o guard_v that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o world_n within_o itself_o and_o separate_v from_o all_o the_o rest_n as_o well_o towards_o the_o south_n as_o east_n and_o where_o the_o sea_n border_n it_o have_v so_o many_o island_n bank_n flat_n and_o blind_a rock_n that_o it_o be_v altogether_o unsafe_a to_o approach_v china_n on_o the_o side_n with_o any_o great_a ship_n of_o man_n of_o war._n on_o the_o west_n and_o somewhat_o towards_o the_o south_n lie_v the_o wood_n and_o hill_n of_o tamessus_fw-la which_o be_v so_o thick_a and_o high_a that_o it_o be_v altogether_o unpenetrable_a on_o that_o side_n and_o which_o separate_a china_n from_o the_o next_o border_v asia_n and_o the_o lesser_a neighbour_a kingdom_n all_o which_o add_v to_o the_o defence_n and_o protection_n of_o this_o empire_n towards_o the_o north_n and_o west_n it_o 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capital_a city_n which_o outshine_v the_o rest_n both_o in_o greatness_n and_o glory_n under_o the_o command_n of_o this_o emperor_n be_v 1331_o small_a city_n among_o which_o 148_o may_v be_v compare_v in_o magnificence_n beauty_n and_o people_n with_o the_o chief_a city_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v 32_o great_a city_n more_o which_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o any_o other_o yet_o they_o must_v not_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o capital_a though_o they_o command_v over_o 36_o small_a city_n beside_o all_o these_o there_o be_v 3_o city_n more_o for_o the_o officer_n and_o commander_n of_o the_o militia_n to_o dwell_v in_o the_o fort_n and_o castle_n be_v 159._o beside_o which_o 17_o great_a garrison_n city_n and_o 66_o small_a garrison_n town_n which_o be_v never_o without_o full_a company_n and_o of_o soldier_n who_o be_v permit_v to_o inhabit_v promiscuous_o among_o the_o burgher_n there_o be_v no_o distinguish_v by_o the_o greatness_n and_o largeness_n of_o the_o city_n the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o for_o some_o of_o the_o small_a one_o exceed_v some_o other_o of_o the_o great_a and_o prime_a city_n both_o in_o largeness_n wealth_n and_o people_n but_o according_a to_o the_o worth_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o governor_n and_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o place_n she_o bear_v the_o precedency_n and_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o chief_a city_n no_o place_n must_v presume_v to_o take_v up_o the_o name_n of_o a_o city_n but_o what_o be_v wall_v in_o for_o every_o inferior_a town_n or_o situation_n subject_n to_o the_o next_o adjacent_a capital_a city_n most_o of_o the_o city_n in_o china_n be_v build_v after_o one_o fashion_n and_o form_n common_o foursquare_a with_o broad_a and_o high_a wall_n adorn_v with_o quadruple_a tower_n place_v at_o a_o equal_a distance_n round_o about_o which_o run_v a_o deep_a moat_n and_o that_o also_o be_v surround_v with_o a_o mud_n or_o earthen_a wall_n each_o city_n have_v a_o double_a gate_n and_o two_o double_a door_n whereof_o the_o first_o stand_v direct_o over_o against_o the_o second_o that_o there_o be_v no_o see_v through_o the_o last_o though_o you_o stand_v in_o the_o first_o betwixt_o these_o two_o gate_n open_v most_o common_o a_o large_a court_n where_o they_o discipline_n their_o militia_n upon_o the_o gate_n be_v likewise_o build_v great_a watch-tower_n where_o the_o soldier_n keep_v night-sentinel_n most_o of_o the_o city_n have_v great_a suburb_n belong_v to_o they_o which_o be_v as_o full_a of_o people_n as_o within_o the_o wall_n without_o the_o battlement_n each_o metropolis_n have_v a_o delightful_a plain_n curious_o adorn_v with_o tower_n tree_n and_o other_o embellishment_n most_o pleasant_a to_o the_o eye_n the_o country_n every_o where_o swarm_n with_o people_n so_o that_o wheresoever_o you_o travel_v you_o shall_v meet_v continual_o with_o crowd_n of_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n as_o now_o these_o 15_o kingdom_n seem_v not_o only_o to_o exceed_v all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n for_o the_o number_n of_o most_o rare_a edifice_n and_o rich_a city_n so_o they_o be_v likewise_o no_o less_o abound_v in_o people_n for_o the_o most_o populous_a country_n of_o all_o europe_n stand_v not_o in_o competition_n with_o this_o those_o that_o will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o look_v into_o the_o chinese_n pole_n or_o register-book_n wherein_o be_v exact_o set_v down_o the_o number_n of_o the_o people_n of_o each_o province_n except_o those_o of_o the_o royal_a family_n will_v find_v that_o it_o amount_v to_o the_o number_n of_o 58_o million_o 9_o hundred_o and_o 40_o thousand_o 2_o hundred_o and_o 84_o person_n neither_o need_v you_o wonder_v which_o way_n this_o can_v be_v make_v out_o for_o every_o master_n of_o a_o family_n be_v oblige_v upon_o a_o great_a penalty_n to_o hang_v out_o a_o little_a board_n over_o his_o door_n upon_o which_o he_o must_v set_v down_o the_o number_n of_o his_o household_n and_o their_o condition_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o prevent_v all_o fraud_n one_o be_v appoint_v over_o every_o ten_o house_n who_o they_o call_v titang_n which_o signify_v the_o tenth-man_n or_o tyther_o his_o office_n consist_v in_o take_v a_o account_n of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o person_n upon_o the_o board_n and_o if_o the_o master_n of_o the_o family_n fail_v to_o make_v that_o know_v true_o he_o be_v to_o acquaint_v the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n with_o the_o abuse_n have_v speak_v thus_o much_o of_o the_o situation_n division_n and_o extent_n of_o china_n i_o shall_v add_v in_o short_a what_o these_o fifteen_o province_n pay_v annual_o in_o tax_n one_o with_o another_o as_o also_o how_o many_o capital_a great_a little_a and_o garrison_n city_n be_v in_o each_o of_o the_o ten_o and_o last_o what_o each_o province_n division_n or_o shire_n disburse_v yearly_o in_o tax_n to_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n no_o man_n possess_v a_o foot_n of_o land_n in_o all_o this_o empire_n without_o pay_v to_o the_o emperor_n something_o out_o of_o it_o so_o that_o we_o need_v not_o wonder_n that_o over_o and_o above_o the_o common_a expense_n which_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o petty_a king_n vice-roys_n and_o military_a officer_n there_o be_v more_o than_o threescore_o million_o of_o crown_n bring_v yearly_a into_o the_o emperor_n coffer_n the_o whole_a sum_n amount_v to_o 150_o million_o of_o crown_n whereof_o he_o can_v dispose_v as_o he_o please_v but_o the_o money_n be_v bring_v into_o the_o treasury_n and_o if_o the_o king_n at_o any_o time_n desire_v a_o supply_n in_o write_v to_o the_o treasurer_n he_o be_v not_o to_o deny_v the_o payment_n of_o it_o the_o province_n bring_v in_o yearly_a in_o tax_n 32_o million_o 2_o hundred_o 7_o thousand_o 4_o hundred_o and_o 47_o bag_n of_o rice_n and_o one_o bag_n be_v enough_o to_o serve_v 100_o man_n for_o one_o day_n 40_o hundred_o 9_o thousand_o
cause_v so_o many_o safe_a harbour_n and_o road_n for_o ship_n in_o these_o part_n the_o country_n be_v in_o some_o place_n flat_a and_o even_o and_o in_o other_o hilly_a and_o mountainous_a especial_o towards_o the_o south_n as_o we_o often_o find_v to_o our_o great_a inconvenience_n upon_o our_o voyage_n this_o province_n produce_v all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o man_n as_o likewise_o several_a sort_n of_o rich_a ware_n and_o commodity_n as_o well_o artificial_a as_o natural_a it_o likewise_o yield_v the_o husbandman_n fruit_n twice_o ayear_n as_o rice_n corn_n and_o other_o product_n for_o in_o it_o you_o have_v no_o cold_a wether_n all_o winter_n so_o that_o the_o chineses_n have_v a_o proverb_n among_o they_o that_o there_o be_v three_o very_a strange_a thing_n in_o quantung_n viz._n the_o heaven_n without_o snow_n tree_n green_a in_o winter_n as_o in_o summer_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n spit_v blood_n for_o first_o of_o all_o it_o never_o snow_n here_o the_o tree_n be_v never_o unperwige_v and_o the_o inhabitant_n continual_o chew_v the_o leave_n of_o betel_n and_o areka_n prepare_v after_o their_o way_n make_v their_o hospital_n red_a from_o hence_o come_v likewise_o great_a quantity_n of_o gold_n pearl_n precious_a stone_n silk_n quicksilver_n copper_n steel_n iron_n salt-petre_a eagle-wood_n and_o several_a other_o odoriferous_a wood_n the_o people_n in_o these_o part_n be_v very_o ingenious_a laborious_a and_o nimble_a and_o can_v imitate_v any_o thing_n which_o they_o see_v make_v before_o they_o and_o whatsoever_o the_o portuguese_n bring_v thither_o out_o of_o europe_n weave_v of_o gold_n silver_n or_o the_o like_a which_o be_v strange_a unto_o they_o they_o will_v immediate_o endeavour_v to_o work_v the_o same_o and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n will_v accomplish_v what_o they_o undertake_v for_o i_o give_v a_o chinese_n goldsmith_n a_o silver_n button_n to_o make_v a_o set_a by_o and_o the_o next_o day_n he_o bring_v to_o my_o lodging_n what_o i_o have_v bespeak_v very_o curious_o wrought_v as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v use_v to_o such_o work_n though_o he_o have_v never_o do_v the_o like_a before_o which_o argue_v their_o ingenuity_n to_o be_v very_o great_a among_o other_o fowl_n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o this_o country_n be_v great_a store_n of_o duck_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v the_o art_n and_o way_n to_o raise_v and_o increase_v beyond_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o neighbour_n this_o province_n be_v govern_v as_o also_o each_o of_o the_o other_o province_n in_o the_o emperor_n name_n by_o governor_n who_o by_o those_o of_o europe_n because_o their_o office_n and_o employment_n much_o resemble_v vice-roys_n be_v call_v petty_a king_n who_o common_o reside_v in_o the_o first_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n when_o we_o be_v at_o canton_n quantung_n be_v govern_v by_o two_o vice-roys_n whereof_o one_o in_o regard_n of_o his_o year_n be_v call_v the_o old_a and_o the_o other_o the_o young_a viceroy_n the_o portuguese_n call_v the_o young_a viceroy_n halick_n mancebo_fw-la the_o vice-roys_n of_o quantung_n take_v place_n of_o all_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o other_o province_n because_o situate_v upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o far_o remote_a from_o the_o imperial_a city_n peking_n and_o border_n also_o upon_o the_o sea_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o highway_n be_v trouble_v with_o robber_n and_o the_o sea_n with_o pirate_n therefore_o the_o emperor_n order_n that_o the_o vice-roys_n of_o quantung_n shall_v command_v over_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n though_o this_o last_o as_o the_o other_o province_n have_v also_o particular_a vice-roys_n this_o country_n be_v former_o a_o kingdom_n of_o itself_o and_o call_v nainve_v and_o first_o bring_v under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o race_n of_o cheva_n yet_o however_o it_o do_v not_o continue_v long_o under_o that_o power_n but_o revolt_v and_o will_v be_v rule_v by_o none_o but_o the_o king_n of_o nainve_v the_o emperor_n hiaorus_fw-la of_o the_o family_n of_o hana_n at_o last_o conquer_v this_o part_n since_o which_o time_n it_o have_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n in_o this_o province_n be_v ten_o chief_a city_n and_o seventy_o three_o small_a city_n city_n without_o reckon_v among_o they_o the_o city_n of_o maccao_n famous_a for_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n the_o ten_o chief_a city_n be_v these_o quancheu_fw-la or_o canton_n xaocheu_o nanhiung_a hoeicheu_o chaocheu_o chaok_v kaocheu_o liencheu_o lincheu_o and_o kiuncheu_fw-la the_o chief_a city_n of_o quancheu_fw-la command_v over_o fifteen_o small_a city_n among_o which_o i_o do_v not_o reckon_v maccao_n though_o it_o lie_v under_o the_o command_n of_o this_o chief_a city_n the_o 15_o small_a one_o of_o this_o great_a city_n be_v these_o quancheu_fw-la or_o canton_n xunte_n tangvon_n cengch_v hiangxan_n sinhoei_n cingyven_v sin_v cunghoa_o lungumen_n sanxui_fw-la lien_n jangxan_n tienxan_n and_o singan_n the_o second_o capital_a city_n xaocheu_o command_v over_o six_o small_a city_n xaocheu_o locang_v giughoa_o juyven_v ungyen_n and_o ingote_n the_o country_n about_o this_o chief_a city_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n full_a of_o hill_n the_o three_o chief_a city_n be_v nanhiung_a or_o nanhung_a and_o command_v over_o two_o city_n nanhiung_a and_o xihe_v the_o four_o chief_a city_n be_v hoeicheu_o and_o command_v over_o 10_o small_a city_n hoeicheu_o polo_n haifung_a hove_v lungchuen_n changlo_n hingn_v hope_v change_a and_o junggan_n the_o five_o chief_a city_n be_v chaocheu_o and_o command_v likewise_o over_o 10_o small_a city_n chaocheu_o chaoyang_n kieyang_n chinghiang_n jaop_v tapu_n hoeilai_n cinghai_n puning_n and_o pingyven_v the_o six_o chief_a city_n be_v chaok_v and_o command_v over_o eleven_o city_n chaok_v sinhoei_n sinhing_n yangchun_n yangkiang_n caom_v genp_a teke_a quangn_v fuchuen_n and_o kalklen_n the_o seven_o chief_a city_n be_v caocheu_o and_o command_v over_o six_o small_a city_n caocheu_o tienpe_a sing_v hoa_o vuchnen_a and_o xech_v the_o eight_o chief_a city_n be_v lieucheu_o and_o command_v over_o four_o small_a city_n lieucheu_o knig_n lingxan_n and_o xelien_n the_o nine_o chief_a city_n be_v luicheu_o and_o command_v over_o three_o small_a city_n luichtu_fw-la sniki_n and_o siuven_o the_o ten_o chief_a city_n be_v kiuncheu_o situate_v in_o the_o island_n of_o hainan_n and_o command_v over_o twelve_o small_a city_n kiuncheu_o lincao_n tingan_n veuchung_a hoeitung_n lohoei_n chen_n changhoa_n van_n linxui_fw-la yes_fw-mi and_o cangen_n in_o this_o whole_a province_n be_v ten_o fort_n or_o castle_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o province_n and_o the_o sea_n the_o name_n whereof_o be_v these_o tach_n tung_n hanxan_n ginghai_n kiacu_fw-la kiexe_n ciex_v hiung_a junch_v and_o ciungling_n the_o chinese_n toll-book_n wherein_o the_o number_n of_o the_o people_n of_o each_o province_n be_v set_v down_o make_v mention_n of_o four_o hundred_o eighty_o three_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o family_n and_o nineteen_o hundred_o seventy_o eight_o thousand_o and_o twenty_o fight_a man_n in_o this_o province_n the_o tax_n which_o this_o province_n pay_v yearly_a to_o the_o emperor_n amount_v to_o ten_o hundred_o seventeen_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o two_o bag_n of_o rice_n and_o seven_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o and_o fourscore_o weight_n of_o salt_n canton_n on_o the_o water_n side_n the_o city_n be_v defend_v with_o two_o row_n of_o high_a and_o thick_a wall_n which_o be_v strengthen_v with_o bulwark_n watch-tower_n and_o other_o fort_n and_o beside_o these_o work_n there_o be_v two_o other_o strong_a water-castle_n which_o be_v build_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o river_n render_v this_o city_n invincible_a one_o of_o these_o two_o castle_n which_o i_o see_v myself_o and_o which_o do_v not_o much_o differ_v in_o any_o thing_n from_o the_o other_o i_o take_v a_o exact_a draught_n of_o which_o you_o have_v here_o present_v show_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o place_n and_o in_o what_o manner_n build_v the_o city_n be_v likewise_o defend_v and_o surround_v on_o the_o land_n side_n with_o a_o strong_a wall_n and_o five_o strong_a castle_n whereof_o some_o be_v within_o the_o wall_n and_o other_o without_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o steep_a hill_n so_o that_o this_o city_n be_v sufficient_o both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n defend_v against_o all_o the_o invasion_n of_o any_o enemy_n whatsoever_o and_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o seem_v invincible_a what_o concern_v the_o idol-temple_n court_n and_o palace_n of_o great_a lord_n and_o other_o rare_a edifice_n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v here_o there_o be_v no_o city_n in_o all_o asia_n that_o show_v the_o like_a here_o also_o be_v several_a triumphal_a arch_n which_o have_v be_v erect_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o such_o as_o have_v do_v their_o country_n service_n they_o be_v no_o small_a
china_n dish_v for_o the_o table_n according_a to_o their_o manner_n but_o the_o ambassador_n to_o hint_n to_o they_o how_o they_o fare_v in_o holland_n bespeak_v several_a other_o dish_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n but_o we_o receive_v after_o we_o have_v be_v before_o the_o emperor_n a_o double_a allowance_n which_o be_v seldom_o do_v to_o any_o other_o foreign_a addressor_n in_o the_o first_o place_n you_o must_v know_v that_o the_o province_n wherein_o this_o chief_a imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n be_v situate_a as_o also_o the_o city_n itself_o have_v be_v call_v in_o several_a time_n by_o several_a name_n in_o regard_n it_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n among_o the_o chinese_n as_o have_v be_v already_o say_v that_o when_o the_o race_n which_o command_v and_o rule_n over_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v alter_v common_o also_o then_o the_o chief_a city_n nay_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n change_n and_o alter_v their_o name_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o race_n of_o chiva_n this_o province_n and_o chief_a city_n be_v call_v jeu_o under_o the_o race_n of_o cina_n it_o be_v call_v xangho_n when_o the_o race_n of_o hana_n reign_v it_o be_v call_v quangyang_n and_o under_o the_o race_n of_o ciin_n eanyang_n but_o the_o race_n of_o taiminga_n which_o drive_v the_o tartar_n out_o of_o china_n name_v it_o peking_n and_o xuntien_n by_o both_o which_o they_o now_o call_v it_o the_o city_n be_v call_v peking_n which_o signify_v the_o northern_a chief_a city_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o nank_v which_o we_o interpret_v the_o southern_a city_n but_o the_o other_o name_n xuntien_n whereby_o it_o be_v so_o common_o call_v by_o the_o chinese_n geographer_n signify_v obedient_a to_o heaven_n it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o tartar_n cambalu_n that_o be_v the_o city_n of_o the_o lord_n it_o lie_v in_o 40_o degree_n northern_a latitude_n almost_o upon_o the_o outward_a northern_a limit_n of_o this_o province_n and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n not_o far_o from_o those_o high_a mountain_n and_o that_o great_a and_o famous_a wall_n which_o separate_v the_o tartar_n and_o chinese_n in_o the_o north_n from_o each_o other_o it_o exceed_v the_o southern_a chief_a city_n of_o nank_v in_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n soldier_n and_o magistrate_n but_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v not_o to_o be_v compare_v with_o nank_v for_o largeness_n regular_a street_n and_o fortification_n it_o be_v southside_n lie_v vest_v with_o two_o high_a and_o thick_a wall_n which_o be_v so_o broad_a that_o twelve_o horse_n may_v go_v abrest_n upon_o they_o without_o any_o hindrance_n to_o one_o another_o the_o inner_a wall_n which_o extend_v about_o ten_o mile_n in_o circuit_n be_v so_o thick_o set_v with_o bulwark_n that_o one_o may_v easy_o fling_v a_o stone_n from_o tower_n to_o tower_n this_o wall_n be_v all_o of_o stone_n and_o so_o very_o high_a that_o i_o believe_v the_o like_a be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v again_o in_o all_o europe_n the_o outward_a wall_n within_o which_o the_o suhurb_n lie_v environ_v have_v very_o slight_a fortification_n only_o on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o gate_n be_v three_o strong_a outwork_n in_o these_o redoubt_n and_o tower_n the_o soldier_n by_o night_n keep_v strict_a court_n of_o guard_n as_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v at_o the_o gate_n the_o chinese_n emperor_n taicungus_n who_o reign_v over_o china_n in_o the_o year_n 1404._o do_v very_o much_o embellish_v this_o city_n and_o bestow_v several_a privilege_n upon_o it_o among_o the_o emperor_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o race_n of_o taiminga_n this_o taicungus_n be_v the_o first_o that_o leave_v the_o city_n of_o nank_v and_o settle_v his_o imperial_a court_n and_o residence_n in_o this_o chief_a city_n of_o peking_n the_o better_a to_o hinder_v and_o resist_v the_o inroad_n and_o excursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n drive_v out_o of_o the_o neighbour_a country_n by_o his_o grandfather_n the_o city_n have_v twelve_o gate_n all_o rarity_n in_o china_n be_v bring_v hither_o so_o that_o this_o city_n abound_v in_o every_o thing_n fit_a either_o for_o pleasure_n or_o humane_a sustenance_n several_a thousand_o royal_a vessel_n beside_o those_o of_o private_a person_n be_v continual_o employ_v to_o fetch_v all_o manner_n of_o ware_n and_o curiosity_n for_o the_o emperor_n and_o his_o council_n at_o peking_n hither_o come_v all_o the_o revenue_n which_o each_o province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n pay_v yearly_a to_o the_o emperor_n exchequer_n and_o the_o better_a to_o effect_v this_o for_o the_o import_v of_o all_o ware_n to_o peking_n the_o chineses_n use_v great_a endeavour_n to_o make_v all_o river_n navigable_a that_o so_o they_o may_v come_v with_o ease_n by_o water_n to_o the_o emperor_n court_n with_o the_o product_n of_o several_a province_n just_o may_v a_o man_n admire_v at_o the_o workmanship_n of_o the_o chinese_n which_o partly_o by_o art_n and_o partly_o by_o nature_n be_v so_o bring_v to_o pass_v that_o you_o may_v come_v to_o this_o city_n hundred_o of_o mile_n by_o ship_n from_o most_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o this_o importation_n this_o place_n though_o in_o a_o unfruitful_a and_o barren_a soil_n possess_v every_o thing_n in_o great_a abundance_n and_o may_v be_v call_v the_o granary_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n for_o they_o have_v a_o proverb_n among_o they_o that_o there_o grow_v nothing_o in_o peking_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o want_n of_o any_o thing_n all_o commander_n and_o officer_n as_o well_o civil_a as_o military_a who_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o be_v prefer_v must_v betake_v themselves_o to_o this_o city_n which_o prescribe_v law_n to_o all_o other_o and_o upon_o this_o place_n alone_o depend_v the_o whole_a government_n of_o china_n so_o that_o a_o very_a great_a number_n of_o learned_a man_n and_o officer_n be_v always_o resident_a here_o the_o street_n be_v not_o pave_v insomuch_o that_o in_o wet_a weather_n which_o be_v seldom_o they_o be_v hardly_o passable_a but_o when_o the_o northern_a wind_n blow_v and_o the_o wether_n be_v dry_a the_o soil_n which_o be_v of_o a_o light_a substance_n make_v a_o dust_n far_o more_o noisome_a to_o passenger_n than_o the_o deep_a and_o miry_a street_n for_o such_o it_o be_v that_o it_o blind_v a_o man_n as_o he_o go_v along_o the_o inhabitant_n therefore_o to_o prevent_v this_o inconvenience_n be_v fain_o to_o wear_v silk_n hood_n over_o their_o face_n and_o the_o extraordinary_a foulness_n of_o the_o way_n make_v very_o many_o to_o keep_v horse_n to_o carry_v they_o after_o a_o rainy_a day_n for_o the_o infinite_a number_n of_o common_a people_n that_o be_v continual_o up_o and_o down_o turn_v this_o dusty_a soil_n into_o mire_n and_o dirt_n after_o a_o little_a rain_n there_o be_v also_o horse_n or_o sedan_n to_o be_v hire_v at_o any_o time_n for_o the_o accommodation_n of_o passenger_n but_o none_o make_v use_v of_o sedan_n or_o chair_n but_o person_n of_o quality_n in_o which_o they_o be_v carry_v in_o great_a state_n these_o sedan_n be_v make_v very_o artificial_o of_o bamboes_n or_o rush_n in_o the_o middle_n whereof_o stand_v a_o chair_n which_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o tiger_n skin_n upon_o which_o he_o that_o be_v carry_v seat_n himself_o have_v behind_o he_o a_o boy_n with_o a_o umbril_n in_o his_o hand_n to_o keep_v off_o the_o sun_n his_o servant_n likewise_o attend_v he_o some_o of_o they_o go_v before_o and_o other_o follow_v after_o with_o ensign_n upon_o their_o shoulder_n whereby_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n be_v know_v and_o he_o respect_v according_o as_o he_o pass_v along_o the_o city_n abound_v in_o extraordinary_a brave_a building_n famous_a idol-temple_n high_a and_o artificial_a tower_n and_o triumphal_a arch_n which_o exceed_o adorn_v the_o same_o but_o we_o have_v not_o so_o full_a a_o view_n thereof_o as_o we_o can_v have_v wish_v in_o regard_n we_o be_v little_o better_a as_o have_v be_v already_o say_v than_o confine_v to_o our_o lodging_n by_o order_n of_o the_o emperor_n marcus_n paulus_n a_o venetian_a who_o be_v in_o this_o city_n in_o the_o year_n 1275._o when_o the_o tartar_n conquer_v the_o southern_a province_n of_o china_n call_v the_o same_o in_o his_o write_n by_o the_o name_n of_o cambalu_n which_o he_o describe_v in_o this_o manner_n the_o city_n cambalu_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o province_n of_o cathai_n upon_o a_o great_a river_n and_o signify_v the_o city_n of_o the_o lord_n have_v be_v very_o famous_a in_o all_o age_n the_o great_a cham_n do_v transfer_v this_o city_n to_o another_o part_n of_o the_o river_n for_o the_o astrologer_n have_v foretell_v he_o that_o it_o shall_v rise_v up_o against_o he_o it_o lie_v foursquare_a and_o be_v twenty_o four_o mile_n in_o circumference_n so_o that_o each_o side_n be_v six_o mile_n long_o the_o wall_n be_v of_o white_a stone_n high_a and_o broad_a each_o side_n of_o the_o wall_n have_v three_o
live_v in_o princely_a state_n be_v serve_v and_o wait_v on_o with_o extraordinary_a pomp_n and_o splendour_n but_o have_v no_o command_n in_o the_o least_o over_o any_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n neither_o may_v they_o depart_v from_o that_o city_n without_o the_o king_n be_v special_a licence_n in_o this_o government_n be_v find_v no_o old_a law_n as_o among_o those_o of_o europe_n no_o imperial_a edict_n which_o have_v their_o original_n from_o the_o ancient_a roman_n but_o those_o that_o be_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o their_o own_o house_n and_o have_v by_o conquest_n or_o otherwise_o resume_v the_o government_n make_v new_a statute_n according_a to_o their_o pleasure_n this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o law_n which_o be_v in_o use_n before_o this_o last_o invasion_n of_o the_o tartar_n and_o be_v in_o part_n observe_v to_o this_o day_n by_o the_o people_n be_v of_o no_o long_o stand_v then_o the_o emperor_n humvuo_n who_o race_n for_o his_o most_o heroic_a action_n in_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o tartar_n be_v call_v stamin_z which_o signify_v great_a courage_n this_o emperor_n make_v several_a law_n and_o confirm_v other_o make_v by_o his_o predecessor_n their_o emperor_n be_v common_o call_v thiensu_fw-la which_o signify_v the_o son_n of_o heaven_n and_o this_o name_n be_v give_v he_o not_o that_o they_o believe_v he_o have_v his_o original_a from_o thence_o but_o because_o they_o believe_v he_o be_v better_a belove_v by_o be_v prefer_v to_o so_o great_a a_o dignity_n above_o all_o other_o mortal_n for_o his_o eminent_a and_o natural_a virtue_n and_o because_o they_o adore_v and_o worship_v heaven_n for_o the_o high_a deity_n so_o that_o when_o they_o name_v the_o son_n of_o heaven_n it_o be_v as_o much_o as_o if_o they_o say_v the_o son_n of_o god_n however_o the_o commonalty_n call_v not_o the_o emperor_n thiensu_fw-la but_o hoangti_n the_o yellow_a emperor_n or_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o earth_n who_o they_o name_v yellow_a of_o colour_n to_o distinguish_v he_o from_o xangti_n which_o signify_v the_o high_a emperor_n two_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o ninety_o seven_o year_n before_o christ_n birth_n their_o first_o prince_n reign_v who_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o hoangti_n and_o because_o of_o his_o extraordinary_a virtue_n and_o valiant_a deed_n the_o chineses_n have_v ever_o since_o call_v their_o emperor_n hoangti_n none_o be_v choose_v or_o employ_v in_o the_o government_n and_o management_n of_o public_a affair_n but_o such_o as_o be_v hold_v capable_a and_o have_v the_o title_n of_o doctor_n of_o the_o law_n man_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o eminent_a part_n for_o whosoever_o be_v prefer_v in_o china_n to_o place_n and_o office_n of_o trust_n have_v give_v a_o clear_a testimony_n of_o his_o knowledge_n prudence_n virtue_n and_o valour_n neither_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o grandeur_n of_o his_o friend_n stand_v he_o in_o any_o stead_n if_o he_o be_v not_o so_o extraordinary_o qualify_v all_o magistrate_n both_o civil_a and_o military_a be_v call_v in_o the_o country_n idiom_n quonfu_n which_o signify_v man_n fit_a for_o council_n they_o be_v also_o call_v sometime_o by_o the_o name_n of_o lavie_n which_o signify_v lord_n or_o master_n the_o portuguese_n call_v these_o magistrate_n in_o china_n mandorin_n it_o may_v be_v from_o the_o latin_a word_n mandando_fw-la by_o which_o name_n the_o officer_n of_o that_o state_n in_o that_o country_n be_v also_o receive_v and_o understand_v by_o we_o of_o europe_n and_o although_o i_o say_v at_o the_o beginning_n that_o the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n or_o empire_n consist_v of_o one_o single_a person_n yet_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v and_o what_o shall_v follow_v that_o the_o government_n have_v also_o some_o commixture_n with_o that_o of_o aristocracy_n for_o although_o that_o which_o the_o magistrate_n conclude_v and_o full_o determine_v must_v afterward_o be_v ratify_v by_o the_o king_n upon_o request_n make_v to_o he_o yet_o he_o also_o finish_v nothing_o himself_n in_o any_o business_n before_o he_o be_v thereunto_o first_o desire_v by_o his_o council_n it_o be_v also_o very_o certain_a that_o it_o be_v no_o way_n lawful_a for_o the_o king_n to_o confer_v any_o office_n dignity_n or_o place_n in_o the_o magistracy_n upon_o any_o unless_o he_o be_v first_o request_v by_o one_o in_o special_a authority_n but_o yet_o he_o have_v power_n to_o present_v his_o courtier_n with_o some_o special_a gift_n and_o this_o he_o often_o do_v according_a to_o a_o old_a custom_n whereby_o it_o be_v free_a for_o any_o one_o to_o raise_v his_o friend_n at_o his_o own_o charge_n the_o public_a tax_n assessment_n imposition_n and_o revenue_n be_v not_o bring_v into_o the_o king_n treasury_n neither_o may_v he_o dispose_v thereof_o at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o they_o be_v deliver_v either_o in_o money_n or_o good_n into_o the_o treasury_n and_o granary_n of_o the_o empire_n which_o income_n discharge_v the_o expense_n of_o the_o king_n family_n consist_v of_o wife_n concubine_n son_n favourite_n and_o the_o like_a there_o be_v two_o distinct_a council_n in_o china_n one_o whereof_o not_o only_a officiate_n in_o affair_n of_o state_n at_o court_n but_o have_v likewise_o the_o care_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o other_o be_v make_v up_o of_o provincial_a governor_n who_o rule_v particular_a province_n and_o city_n a_o catalogue_n of_o which_o officer_n fill_v up_o five_o or_o six_o large_a volume_n print_v every_o month_n and_o to_o be_v sell_v at_o peking_n where_o the_o court_n reside_v in_o these_o book_n be_v mention_v only_o the_o name_n of_o province_n and_o city_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o those_o who_o for_o that_o end_n be_v employ_v in_o the_o magistracy_n through_o the_o whole_a empire_n these_o book_n be_v always_o reprinting_a in_o regard_n so_o vast_a a_o number_n of_o alteration_n happen_v daily_o for_o some_o die_v other_o be_v lay_v aside_o and_o new_a one_o choose_v in_o their_o place_n or_o else_o prefer_v to_o high_a office_n so_o that_o there_o be_v hardly_o a_o hour_n but_o some_o change_n happen_v among_o they_o the_o grand_a council_n divide_v itself_o into_o six_o other_o great_a one_o the_o first_o be_v call_v pu_o or_o the_o council_n of_o state_n for_o they_o nominate_v and_o choose_v all_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n these_o as_o they_o be_v most_o powerful_a have_v also_o the_o great_a part_n person_n able_a to_o judge_v of_o who_o they_o confer_v such_o dignity_n for_o they_o must_v be_v all_o qualify_v with_o philosophical_a and_o other_o learning_n that_o come_v to_o any_o place_n in_o the_o magistracy_n the_o general_a maxim_n there_o be_v to_o prefer_v none_o but_o mere_o upon_o merit_n and_o whosoever_o happen_v to_o be_v degrade_v for_o any_o misdemeanour_n they_o never_o admit_v he_o to_o his_o place_n again_o the_o second_o call_v hopu_n have_v the_o management_n and_o inspection_n over_o the_o king_n exchequer_n pay_v the_o army_n and_o other_o charge_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o three_o they_o name_v limpu_n this_o take_v care_n of_o the_o common_a offering_n temple_n priest_n the_o king_n woman_n school_n and_o public_a place_n of_o learning_n to_o see_v that_o all_o thing_n be_v do_v in_o order_n likewise_o order_v their_o holiday_n and_o the_o obedience_n which_o be_v to_o be_v perform_v to_o the_o emperor_n upon_o certain_a time_n and_o occasion_n also_o dispose_n and_o confer_v title_n of_o honour_n upon_o such_o as_o deserve_v they_o takes_z care_n for_o the_o encouragement_n of_o art_n and_o science_n send_v and_o receive_v of_o ambassador_n and_o the_o write_n of_o letter_n into_o all_o part_n the_o four_o council_n be_v call_v pimpu_n or_o the_o council_n of_o war_n to_o who_o be_v leave_v the_o management_n of_o peace_n and_o military_a affair_n wherein_o however_o they_o be_v not_o to_o conclude_v any_o thing_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o emperor_n they_o dispose_v of_o all_o place_n and_o office_n in_o the_o army_n and_o confer_v title_n of_o honour_n and_o dignity_n according_o upon_o such_o as_o behave_v themselves_o brave_o in_o conduct_n and_o valiant_o in_o battle_n the_o five_o council_n call_v cumym_n have_v the_o care_n about_o building_n commit_v to_o it_o and_o also_o appoint_v surveyor_n to_o look_v to_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o edifice_n and_o palace_n belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n his_o favourite_n and_o magistrate_n they_o also_o look_v after_o the_o build_n of_o vessel_n and_o the_o equip_v of_o fleet_n the_o six_o council_n call_v humpu_n examine_v and_o judge_n all_o criminal_a cause_n and_o appoint_v their_o punishment_n all_o affair_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v dispatch_v by_o these_o six_o council_n wherefore_o they_o have_v in_o each_o province_n and_o city_n officer_n and_o notary_n by_o who_o they_o be_v inform_v of_o all_o transaction_n which_o happen_v in_o each_o
or_o perfume_a straw_n nor_o be_v their_o variety_n great_a in_o substance_n than_o their_o difference_n in_o fashion_n for_o some_o be_v round_o other_o foursquare_a &c_n &c_n such_o as_o be_v wear_v by_o the_o grandee_n be_v make_v of_o white_a paper_n gilt_n to_o open_v and_o shut_v at_o pleasure_n with_o one_o of_o which_o it_o be_v customary_a among_o they_o to_o present_v each_o other_o as_o a_o token_n of_o love_n and_o friendship_n these_o fan-maker_n also_o as_o aforesaid_a be_v employ_v much_o in_o the_o make_n of_o quittesole_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o fold_v canopy_n carry_v over_o the_o head_n of_o the_o grandee_n by_o their_o servant_n be_v make_v of_o the_o same_o stuff_n with_o fan_n and_o line_v with_o silk_n or_o linen_n the_o ruffian_n travel_v through_o all_o part_n of_o the_o country_n with_o woman_n in_o their_o company_n and_o where_o by_o chance_n they_o find_v any_o handsome_a young_a maid_n among_o the_o common_a sort_n of_o people_n they_o use_v all_o art_n and_o mean_n to_o entice_v they_o away_o neither_o spare_a money_n or_o good_a word_n who_o if_o they_o prevail_v upon_o to_o follow_v they_o they_o afterward_o teach_v to_o dance_n and_o sing_n so_o make_v they_o fit_a for_o the_o entertainment_n of_o their_o hector_a blade_n and_o wild_a gallant_n when_o they_o be_v thus_o instruct_v the_o male-bawd_n endeavour_v to_o sell_v they_o either_o to_o the_o grandee_n outright_o or_o else_o to_o prostitute_v they_o for_o money_n for_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o day_n which_o turn_v to_o a_o considerable_a advantage_n for_o every_o of_o these_o broker_n for_o impudence_n have_v several_a woman_n that_o belong_v unto_o they_o according_a as_o their_o ability_n be_v able_a to_o afford_v they_o a_o maintenance_n they_o seldom_o stay_v long_o in_o a_o place_n but_o go_v from_o town_n to_o town_n and_o there_o reside_v long_o where_o they_o can_v meet_v with_o the_o best_a market_n whosoever_o hire_v one_o of_o these_o woman_n for_o a_o night_n lodging_n must_v receive_v she_o in_o the_o public_a manner_n hereafter_o describe_v viz._n she_o be_v set_v upon_o a_o ass_n and_o so_o conduct_v with_o a_o hood_n over_o her_o face_n to_o the_o house_n of_o he_o that_o send_v for_o she_o and_o when_o she_o be_v come_v to_o his_o house_n she_o cast_v aside_o her_o hood_n and_o then_o he_o receive_v and_o conduct_n she_o into_o the_o house_n there_o be_v also_o another_o sort_n of_o beggar_n here_o who_o set_v fire_n to_o a_o combustible_a kind_n of_o stuff_n upon_o their_o head_n which_o they_o suffer_v to_o burn_v there_o with_o such_o excessive_a pain_n and_o torment_n till_o they_o have_v extort_a some_o charity_n from_o the_o transient_a company_n with_o their_o howl_n and_o cry_v endure_v very_o great_a misery_n all_o that_o while_n and_o last_o upon_o every_o public_a market-day_n there_o be_v to_o be_v see_v whole_a troop_n of_o blind_a beggar_n in_o the_o several_a city_n and_o town_n who_o beat_v themselves_o upon_o their_o naked_a breast_n most_o furious_o with_o great_a round_a stone_n till_o the_o very_a blood_n drop_v from_o they_o beside_o what_o be_v mention_v before_o there_o be_v several_a other_o trade_n in_o china_n as_o the_o bake_n of_o porcelain_n or_o china-ware_n the_o gumming_n and_o paint_v of_o chest_n trunk_n and_o box_n as_o also_o the_o weave_a of_o carpent_n damask_n cotton_n and_o several_a other_o stuff_n which_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o omit_v in_o this_o chapter_n first_o in_o regard_n the_o same_o be_v already_o mention_v in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o our_o relation_n and_o also_o because_o the_o chineses_n do_v so_o infinite_o abound_v in_o all_o manner_n of_o art_n and_o handicraft-trade_n that_o it_o will_v take_v up_o too_o much_o time_n to_o give_v a_o particular_a account_n of_o the_o whole_a but_o notwithstanding_o this_o abundance_n of_o trade_n in_o china_n a_o great_a defect_n and_o abuse_n be_v observe_v in_o most_o of_o the_o commodity_n which_o be_v make_v there_o and_o it_o be_v this_o that_o they_o only_o appear_v and_o seem_v fair_a to_o the_o eye_n but_o be_v real_o for_o the_o most_o part_n very_a sleight_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n they_o may_v well_o be_v afford_v much_o cheap_a to_o the_o merchant_n chap._n iu._n of_o some_o strange_a custom_n fashion_n and_o manner_n in_o use_n among_o the_o chinese_n the_o ancient_a chineses_n call_v their_o kingdom_n or_o empire_n in_o old_a time_n by_o the_o name_n of_o courtesy_n or_o civility_n and_o other_o know_a manner_n yea_o and_o which_o be_v more_o civility_n or_o courtesy_n be_v hold_v with_o they_o for_o one_o of_o the_o five_o principal_a virtue_n among_o which_o as_o chief_a all_o other_o be_v comprehend_v the_o nature_n of_o this_o virtue_n consist_v as_o they_o say_v in_o the_o show_n of_o mutual_a respect_n now_o to_o be_v complete_a herein_o and_o to_o be_v master_n of_o ceremony_n they_o spend_v no_o small_a time_n to_o accomplish_v themselves_o yet_o some_o of_o they_o of_o a_o high_a speculation_n view_v humane_a vicissitude_n lament_v themselves_o that_o they_o can_v reject_v and_o shun_v these_o complimental_a formality_n although_o they_o do_v therein_o far_o exceed_v those_o of_o europe_n wherefore_o in_o this_o chapter_n i_o shall_v show_v in_o what_o manner_n they_o salute_v one_o another_o when_o they_o meet_v and_o afterward_o treat_v of_o some_o other_o manner_n and_o custom_n in_o use_n among_o they_o wherein_o they_o differ_v from_o other_o or_o among_o themselves_o it_o be_v hold_v for_o no_o point_n of_o civility_n among_o the_o chineses_n to_o take_v off_o the_o hat_n or_o to_o make_v leg_n as_o it_o be_v usual_o term_v much_o leâ—s_n to_o embrace_v any_o person_n or_o kiss_v his_o hand_n or_o make_v any_o outward_a show_n of_o compliment_n the_o most_o general_a and_o common_a way_n with_o they_o of_o show_v civility_n be_v do_v after_o this_o manner_n they_o carry_v their_o hand_n when_o they_o walk_v unless_o they_o be_v to_o fan_n themselves_o or_o otherwise_o to_o use_v they_o always_o fold_v together_o in_o the_o sleeve_n of_o their_o upper_a garment_n which_o be_v make_v for_o that_o purpose_n so_o that_o when_o they_o meet_v they_o raise_v their_o hand_n on_o high_a in_o the_o sleeve_n with_o great_a devotion_n and_o then_o let_v they_o fall_v again_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n greet_v each_o other_o with_o the_o word_n cin_n which_o signify_v nothing_o when_o one_o come_v to_o visit_v another_o or_o if_o two_o friend_n meet_v in_o the_o street_n they_o bow_v with_o their_o hand_n in_o their_o sleeve_n all_o the_o while_n the_o whole_a body_n and_o their_o head_n three_o time_n to_o the_o ground_n and_o this_o manner_n of_o salutation_n be_v call_v zoye_n in_o the_o perform_n of_o which_o ceremony_n the_o inferior_a always_o give_v place_n to_o his_o better_a and_o the_o party_n visit_v give_v the_o upper_a hand_n to_o he_o that_o make_v the_o visit_n but_o in_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o china_n the_o visitant_n be_v place_v on_o the_o left-hand_a oftentimes_o also_o after_o they_o have_v do_v bow_v they_o exchange_v place_n and_o go_v off_o from_o the_o left_a to_o the_o right-hand_a and_o from_o the_o right_n to_o the_o left_a which_o be_v do_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o so_o the_o party_n that_o be_v receive_v in_o the_o high_a place_n shall_v show_v some_o respect_n to_o the_o other_o again_o when_o this_o ceremony_n happen_v to_o be_v in_o the_o street_n both_o party_n turn_v themselves_o side_n to_o side_n towards_o the_o north_n and_o within_o door_n to_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o hall_n for_o it_o be_v a_o old_a custom_n among_o they_o to_o lay_v the_o threshold_n of_o the_o palace_n temple_n and_o other_o edifice_n to_o the_o south_n so_o that_o in_o regard_n this_o ceremony_n be_v perform_v in_o the_o hall_n next_o to_o the_o threshold_n they_o turn_v their_o face_n to_o the_o upper_a end_n and_o and_o then_o they_o look_v towards_o the_o north._n if_o so_o be_v both_o party_n meet_v or_o visit_v have_v not_o see_v one_o another_o in_o a_o long_a time_n or_o perhaps_o never_o before_o and_o have_v a_o desire_n to_o bestow_v extraordinary_a civility_n upon_o each_o other_o then_o after_o performance_n of_o the_o first_o ceremony_n they_o fall_v upon_o their_o knee_n touch_v the_o ground_n with_o their_o forehead_n and_o this_o they_o do_v three_o time_n together_o but_o when_o this_o civility_n be_v to_o be_v show_v by_o a_o inferior_a to_o a_o superior_a a_o child_n to_o his_o parent_n or_o a_o subject_a to_o his_o prince_n he_o receive_v the_o honour_n do_v unto_o he_o either_o sit_v or_o stand_v and_o only_o bowl_v a_o little_a when_o the_o other_o fall_v upon_o his_o knee_n with_o the_o same_o and_o no_o great_a reverence_n and_o honour_n they_o pay_v their_o religious_a duty_n to_o
so_o extraordinary_o dexterous_a that_o no_o people_n in_o the_o world_n be_v to_o be_v compare_v with_o they_o the_o tartar_a woman_n be_v general_o clothe_v in_o black_a garment_n which_o hang_v loose_a about_o they_o but_o person_n of_o quality_n wear_v general_o silk_n whereas_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n be_v content_a with_o cotton_n their_o hair_n be_v neat_o plait_a and_o turn_v up_o only_o a_o few_o lock_n hang_v down_o and_o those_o of_o the_o better_a sort_n wear_v upon_o their_o head_n hat_n curious_o wrought_v these_o tartar_n eat_v whatsoever_o they_o can_v get_v but_o chief_o flesh_n and_o that_o half_a roast_a or_o boil_v be_v not_o curious_a of_o what_o sort_n it_o be_v whether_o of_o camel_n horse_n or_o other_o creature_n they_o take_v great_a delight_n in_o hunt_v and_o have_v very_o swift_a hound_n for_o the_o game_n but_o when_o all_o be_v say_v that_o almost_o can_v be_v we_o must_v add_v that_o they_o be_v in_o effect_n a_o nation_n of_o plunderer_n and_o robber_n be_v natural_o incline_v to_o those_o vice_n and_o no_o wonder_n for_o they_o live_v general_o without_o the_o profession_n of_o any_o religion_n but_o especial_o they_o have_v a_o great_a abhorrency_n to_o the_o religion_n of_o mahomet_n and_o possible_o therefore_o hate_v the_o turk_n as_o the_o factor_n of_o that_o religion_n but_o a_o more_o probable_a reason_n may_v be_v because_o the_o say_v hunguvus_n founder_n of_o the_o race_n of_o taicinga_n expel_v the_o tartar_n out_o of_o china_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o turk_n they_o burn_v the_o dead_a body_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o indian_n upon_o very_o high_a heap_n of_o wood_n on_o which_o funeral_n pile_n be_v also_o lay_v the_o woman_n servant_n horse_n and_o arm_n of_o the_o decease_a notwithstanding_o all_o which_o heathenish_a blindness_n they_o be_v however_o very_o careful_a and_o solicitous_a about_o the_o state_n of_o their_o soul_n as_o whether_o they_o be_v to_o expect_v after_o this_o life_n another_o or_o whether_o they_o do_v not_o present_o die_v with_o the_o body_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o many_o of_o they_o be_v very_o ready_a to_o embrace_v christianity_n and_o divers_a of_o they_o after_o the_o conquest_n of_o china_n be_v convert_v to_o the_o catholic_n religion_n as_o to_o their_o language_n which_o they_o speak_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ninche_n it_o be_v not_o so_o difficult_a to_o learn_v as_o that_o of_o china_n but_o more_o resemble_v the_o persian_a tongue_n some_o of_o their_o letter_n both_o for_o fashion_n and_o pronunciation_n be_v like_o the_o arabic_a which_o in_o all_o be_v above_o sixty_o in_o number_n and_o do_v not_o much_o differ_v in_o the_o pronunciation_n and_o spell_a from_o those_o in_o europe_n but_o very_o much_o in_o the_o form_n and_o make_v in_o read_v and_o write_v they_o proceed_v from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o not_o from_o the_o left_a to_o the_o right_a side_n as_o we_o do_v in_o europe_n nor_o from_o the_o right_n to_o the_o left_a as_o do_v the_o arabian_n and_o hebrew_n in_o this_o kingdom_n of_o ninche_n be_v find_v excellent_a ruby_n and_o costly_a pearl_n beside_o other_o precious_a stone_n also_o very_o large_a cattle_n especial_o cow_n which_o exceed_v those_o in_o europe_n for_o bigness_n but_o have_v no_o horn_n the_o western_a part_n of_o this_o country_n be_v very_o full_a of_o rock_n and_o hill_n between_o which_o lie_v most_o fertile_a and_o pleasant_a valley_n and_o fruitful_a field_n the_o big_a mountain_n of_o all_o be_v call_v kin_n which_o signify_v gold_n there_o be_v also_o the_o mountain_n changpe_n which_o reach_v a_o thousand_o miles_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o which_o be_v a_o sealike_a mere_a at_o least_o eighty_o mile_n long_o from_o whence_o two_o river_n take_v their_o rise_n the_o one_o call_v yalo_n run_v to_o the_o south_n and_o the_o other_o guenthung_a take_v its_o course_n to_o the_o north._n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v suffice_v for_o the_o description_n of_o east-tartary_n or_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ninche_n who_o inhabitant_n in_o manner_n aforementioned_a the_o chinese_n emperor_n keep_v in_o awe_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a to_o the_o west-tartar_n which_o possess_v the_o kingdom_n of_o tanyn_n the_o same_o emperor_n send_v present_n and_o tribute_n yearly_a that_o they_o shall_v not_o make_v war_n upon_o they_o for_o they_o hold_v it_o no_o scandal_n to_o prevent_v a_o war_n by_o that_o mean_n nay_o they_o hold_v it_o altogether_o unlawful_a to_o enter_v into_o a_o war_n so_o long_o as_o the_o country_n can_v be_v keep_v from_o invasion_n by_o any_o other_o mean_n but_o yet_o although_o the_o chineses_n on_o the_o one_o hand_n keep_v under_o their_o enemy_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n and_o on_o the_o other_o buy_v a_o peace_n with_o present_n and_o tribute_n yet_o they_o live_v in_o continual_a fear_n and_o mistrust_n insomuch_o that_o they_o always_o keep_v the_o great_a wall_n which_o divide_v china_n and_o tartary_n strong_o guard_v with_o at_o least_o a_o million_o of_o men._n but_o to_o return_v from_o whence_o we_o have_v digress_v the_o throne_n of_o china_n be_v settle_v in_o the_o race_n of_o taiminga_n be_v by_o the_o same_o enjoy_v in_o peace_n and_o quietness_n two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n when_o vanticus_fw-la the_o thirteen_o emperor_n a_o just_a prudent_a and_o upright_a prince_n come_v to_o reign_v which_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1573_o after_o christ_n birth_n but_o herein_o he_o be_v unfortunate_a that_o he_o as_o most_o prince_n secure_v by_o long_a peace_n trust_v too_o much_o to_o his_o governor_n and_o mandorin_n and_o suffer_v the_o whole_a weight_n of_o his_o affair_n to_o lie_v upon_o their_o shoulder_n during_o this_o time_n the_o tartar_n of_o ninche_n as_o be_v beforementioned_a be_v form_v from_o a_o popular_a government_n into_o a_o monarchy_n in_o the_o year_n 1600._o their_o first_o king_n be_v a_o man_n of_o so_o great_a courage_n and_o magnanimity_n that_o all_o their_o neighbour_n and_o especial_o the_o chineses_n begin_v to_o be_v afraid_a of_o he_o for_o he_o manage_v the_o affair_n of_o his_o state_n after_o such_o a_o politic_a and_o prudent_a manner_n that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n his_o subject_n become_v not_o only_o very_o numerous_a but_o formidable_a for_o strength_n to_o all_o their_o borderer_n and_o be_v sensible_a of_o their_o own_o greatness_n and_o that_o their_o fame_n begin_v to_o grow_v terrible_a they_o begin_v to_o call_v to_o mind_v the_o ancient_a glory_n of_o their_o conquest_n and_o to_o consider_v how_o shameful_o they_o have_v be_v heretofore_o drive_v out_o of_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o honourable_a acquisition_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o observe_v likewise_o the_o great_a miscarriage_n and_o neglect_v of_o the_o chinese_n in_o the_o management_n of_o the_o government_n they_o resolve_v upon_o some_o sudden_a and_o great_a undertake_n against_o they_o therefore_o weigh_v with_o themselves_o the_o yoke_n of_o servitude_n they_o lie_v under_o as_o a_o fit_a occasion_n of_o quarrel_n they_o begin_v first_o of_o all_o to_o shake_v off_o the_o same_o and_o to_o refuse_v to_o pay_v tribute_n and_o short_o after_o to_o appear_v in_o their_o true_a colour_n by_o public_o oppose_v the_o authority_n that_o be_v over_o they_o the_o chinese_n governor_n whereof_o the_o most_o in_o leaotung_n the_o province_n border_v near_o to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ninche_n be_v military_a commander_n hear_v of_o this_o conclude_v very_o unadvised_o to_o misuse_v the_o tartar_n in_o the_o most_o cruel_a manner_n thereby_o the_o more_o to_o incite_v they_o to_o war_n so_o hazard_v their_o country_n weal_n for_o their_o private_a hope_v for_o lucre_n for_o by_o the_o war_n they_o think_v to_o have_v a_o fair_a opportunity_n to_o enrich_v themselves_o as_o well_o upon_o the_o tartar_n as_o chinese_n these_o indeed_o may_v be_v and_o questionless_a be_v great_a motive_n to_o the_o war_n but_o the_o chief_a reason_n of_o all_o be_v the_o base_a murder_n commit_v by_o they_o upon_o the_o king_n of_o ninche_n for_o they_o look_v upon_o he_o with_o a_o envious_a eye_n see_v he_o increase_v his_o kingdom_n so_o very_a much_o in_o power_n and_o strength_n which_o they_o fancy_v will_v be_v at_o one_o time_n or_o other_o employ_v against_o they_o consult_v and_o conspire_v to_o make_v he_o away_o which_o they_o contrive_v and_o in_o a_o most_o barbarous_a manner_n they_o thus_o effect_v they_o come_v one_o day_n upon_o pretence_n of_o a_o visit_n to_o the_o king_n with_o a_o feign_a affection_n who_o not_o have_v the_o least_o suspicion_n of_o their_o wicked_a design_n they_o easy_o surprise_v he_o take_v he_o prisoner_n and_o put_v he_o to_o death_n but_o the_o better_a to_o gloze_v over_o the_o villainy_n give_v out_o that_o he_o die_v sudden_o of_o a_o apoplexy_n this_o
fight_n furious_o assail_v the_o corean_o in_o their_o station_n so_o that_o there_o begin_v a_o bloody_a battle_n but_o both_o army_n be_v hardly_o engage_v before_o the_o valiant_a maovenlung_n come_v up_o with_o he_o and_o fall_v like_o lightning_n into_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o tartar_n who_o now_o find_v themselves_o beset_v before_o and_o behind_o with_o two_o such_o potent_a army_n and_o no_o other_o way_n for_o safety_n or_o escape_n than_o what_o their_o zable_n can_v cut_v out_o for_o they_o resolve_v not_o to_o part_v with_o their_o life_n at_o a_o cheap_a rate_n and_o spur_v on_o by_o despair_n they_o fight_v without_o any_o fear_n every_o one_o endeavour_v to_o exceed_v the_o other_o in_o valour_n and_o courage_n so_o that_o in_o the_o very_a write_n of_o the_o chinese_n they_o be_v extol_v say_v there_o be_v never_o the_o like_a battle_n fight_v between_o they_o but_o that_o which_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v admire_v be_v that_o of_o three_o so_o great_a army_n none_o obtain_v the_o victory_n but_o be_v all_o of_o they_o almost_o total_o ruin_v and_o destroy_v there_o be_v kill_v fifty_o thousand_o man_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tartar_n those_o of_o corea_n have_v seventy_o thousand_o slain_n but_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o chineses_n be_v so_o great_a that_o few_o or_o none_o escape_v those_o of_o the_o tartar_n that_o survive_v make_v their_o way_n home_o into_o their_o own_o country_n as_o fast_o as_o they_o can_v by_o which_o mean_v the_o king_n of_o corea_n have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o recover_v his_o country_n again_o the_o tartar_n have_v sustain_v so_o great_a a_o overthrow_n be_v very_o careful_a afterward_o how_o they_o provoke_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o corea_n yet_o still_o they_o continue_v to_o make_v several_a inroad_n into_o the_o province_n of_o leaotung_n till_o at_o last_o they_o whole_o subdue_v the_o eastern_a part_n and_o plunder_v the_o remainder_n thereof_o but_o this_o be_v do_v by_o fit_n and_o at_o several_a time_n for_o they_o never_o dare_v venture_v to_o seat_v themselves_o there_o nay_o they_o pay_v oftentimes_o very_o dear_a for_o their_o robbery_n while_o affair_n stand_v in_o this_o posture_n the_o emperor_n of_o china_n who_o name_n be_v zungchinius_n send_v his_o general_n yvenus_n with_o a_o strong_a army_n and_o a_o large_a commission_n towards_o leaotung_n have_v also_o private_a instruction_n to_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o tartar_n if_o they_o will_v agree_v to_o it_o but_o if_o they_o refuse_v then_o forthwith_o to_o make_v a_o sharp_a war_n upon_o they_o and_o to_o say_v truth_n he_o be_v necessitate_v to_o make_v this_o proposition_n for_o that_o his_o whole_a empire_n be_v as_o it_o be_v overspread_v with_o highwayman_n and_o robber_n so_o that_o he_o stand_v in_o great_a fear_n of_o they_o for_o their_o number_n daily_o so_o increase_v that_o if_o they_o shall_v once_o join_v into_o one_o body_n it_o will_v be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n for_o they_o to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o yvenus_n upon_o who_o the_o emperor_n have_v confer_v such_o high_a and_o ample_a authority_n be_v a_o perfect_a courtier_n of_o a_o affable_a and_o free_a speech_n and_o one_o that_o know_v very_o well_o how_o to_o use_v his_o pen_n with_o so_o much_o advantage_n and_o ingenuity_n that_o there_o be_v hardly_o any_o one_o in_o the_o court_n to_o be_v compare_v with_o he_o by_o these_o singular_a perfection_n he_o have_v win_v not_o only_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o emperor_n but_o of_o all_o the_o grandee_n so_o that_o the_o management_n of_o all_o affair_n be_v whole_o leave_v to_o he_o but_o here_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o he_o be_v insatiable_o covetous_a of_o wealth_n and_o consequent_o for_o obtain_v thereof_o stick_v not_o to_o perpetrate_v any_o clandestine_v mischief_n otherwise_o by_o his_o more_o than_o common_a part_n he_o may_v undoubted_o have_v do_v extraordinary_a service_n both_o to_o his_o prince_n and_o country_n but_o neither_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o trust_v repose_v in_o he_o nor_o the_o love_n of_o his_o country_n be_v in_o any_o measure_n answerable_a to_o his_o thirst_n after_o riches_n unde_fw-la habeat_fw-la quaerat_fw-la nemo_fw-la sed_fw-la oportet_fw-la habere_fw-la of_o which_o avaricious_a temper_n of_o his_o the_o tartar_n have_v information_n and_o look_v upon_o he_o as_o a_o fit_a instrument_n to_o be_v employ_v in_o their_o design_n they_o never_o leave_v send_v to_o he_o extraordinary_a present_n accompany_v with_o large_a promise_n of_o the_o most_o eminent_a preferment_n with_o which_o bait_n be_v take_v he_o contract_a friendship_n with_o they_o promise_v to_o give_v they_o his_o assistance_n when_o it_o shall_v lie_v in_o his_o power_n and_o as_o the_o first_o proof_n of_o his_o friendship_n to_o they_o through_o the_o cunning_a instigation_n of_o the_o tartar_n he_o undertake_v private_o to_o murder_v the_o valiant_a and_o faithful_a commander_n maoâ—enlung_v of_o who_o the_o tartar_n stand_v in_o great_a fear_n and_o awe_n which_o he_o according_o effect_v with_o great_a secrecy_n by_o invite_v he_o to_o dinner_n and_o poison_v he_o with_o a_o cup_n of_o drink_n which_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v give_v he_o at_o the_o table_n have_v thus_o clandestine_o accomplish_v this_o his_o monstrous_a undertake_n he_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o tartar_n upon_o most_o dishonourable_a and_o disadvantageous_a term_n for_o his_o prince_n who_o no_o soon_o read_v the_o same_o but_o he_o refuse_v to_o observe_v and_o ratify_v they_o yvenus_n conscious_a of_o what_o he_o have_v do_v and_o well_o see_v that_o upon_o the_o make_n good_a of_o this_o treaty_n of_o peace_n his_o honour_n and_o authority_n depend_v advise_v the_o tartar_n to_o force_v the_o emperor_n his_o natural_a â—ord_n to_o the_o observation_n thereof_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n whereupon_o in_o the_o year_n 1630._o upon_o his_o promise_n not_o to_o oppose_v they_o in_o the_o least_o if_o they_o will_v make_v a_o invasion_n in_o some_o other_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n where_o he_o have_v no_o command_n this_o treacherous_a advice_n be_v no_o soon_o give_v than_o accept_v and_o put_v in_o execution_n for_o the_o tartar_n doubt_v so_o little_a of_o the_o promise_n of_o yvenus_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o extraordinary_a covetousness_n that_o without_o take_v any_o further_a counsel_n they_o pour_v their_o force_n into_o the_o province_n of_o peking_n plunder_v all_o place_n where_o they_o come_v and_o lay_v the_o same_o afterward_o in_o ash_n and_o at_o last_o so_o be_v their_o courage_n or_o rather_o fury_n heighten_v that_o they_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n at_o who_o approach_n it_o be_v no_o marvel_n if_o the_o confusion_n and_o amazement_n be_v great_a not_o only_o among_o the_o citizen_n but_o also_o among_o the_o rix-counsellor_n who_o in_o this_o dangerous_a vicissitude_n of_o affair_n earnest_o advise_v the_o emperor_n to_o leave_v the_o city_n and_o to_o retire_v to_o the_o southern_a province_n but_o he_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n hearken_v to_o their_o counsel_n say_v that_o he_o will_v rather_o be_v cut_v in_o a_o thousand_o piece_n than_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v say_v he_o flee_v for_o fear_n of_o the_o tartar_n wherefore_o both_o as_o a_o valiant_a soldier_n and_o careful_a prince_n he_o immediate_o give_v order_n to_o his_o commander_n not_o to_o suffer_v any_o to_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o city_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n but_o that_o they_o shall_v incite_v and_o stir_v up_o all_o the_o people_n to_o a_o courageous_a defence_n while_o this_o be_v do_v within_o the_o tartar_n without_o begin_v to_o storm_n the_o city_n but_o be_v beat_v off_o with_o great_a loss_n upon_o several_a attempt_n so_o that_o they_o conclude_v to_o continue_v the_o siege_n with_o more_o moderation_n and_o rather_o endeavour_v to_o take_v it_o by_o famine_n than_o hazard_v the_o weaken_n of_o their_o army_n by_o such_o fruitless_a and_o unsuccessful_a assault_n at_o length_n by_o advice_n of_o his_o council_n the_o emperor_n send_v for_o yvenus_n to_o come_v to_o his_o assistance_n and_o relief_n with_o the_o army_n under_o his_o command_n for_o as_o yet_o his_o treachery_n be_v not_o discover_v who_o upon_o the_o first_o intelligence_n to_o prevent_v the_o emperor_n from_o have_v any_o suspicion_n of_o he_o come_v with_o his_o army_n under_o the_o wall_n of_o peking_n but_o keep_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n from_o that_o of_o the_o besieger_n neither_o show_v he_o any_o hostility_n against_o they_o but_o in_o stead_n thereof_o advise_v the_o emperor_n to_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o term_n upon_o which_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o war_n have_v begin_v and_o this_o he_o strong_o labour_v to_o persuade_v he_o to_o not_o only_o to_o prevent_v the_o discovery_n of_o the_o treason_n but_o that_o so_o he_o may_v
the_o city_n of_o cancheu_fw-la but_o he_o have_v â—ot_n continue_v the_o siege_n many_o day_n before_o there_o be_v advice_n bring_v he_o of_o a_o new_a army_n of_o tartar_n send_v from_o peking_n to_o reduce_v the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n insomuch_o that_o kinus_n fear_v to_o fall_v into_o a_o noose_n break_v up_o his_o siege_n and_o march_v towards_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o kiangsi_n to_o defend_v and_o preserve_v the_o same_o from_o be_v overcome_v by_o the_o tartar_n at_o first_o indeed_o he_o fight_v with_o good_a success_n but_o at_o last_o find_v himself_o overpower_a he_o retreat_v for_o safety_n to_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o nanchang_n which_o have_v suffer_v all_o the_o misery_n of_o a_o tedious_a siege_n be_v at_o last_o take_v but_o kinus_n escape_v alive_a out_o of_o it_o and_o get_v to_o the_o mountain_n as_o have_v be_v already_o relate_v at_o large_a this_o city_n thus_o subdue_v they_o be_v master_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n and_o put_v new_a garrison_n into_o most_o of_o the_o city_n and_o place_n of_o concern_v and_o so_o march_v back_o with_o their_o army_n in_o triumph_n to_o peking_n while_o these_o transaction_n be_v on_o foot_n very_o great_a preparation_n for_o war_n have_v be_v make_v in_o peking_n so_o that_o three_o new_a army_n be_v raise_v to_o reduce_v the_o province_n of_o quantung_n and_o other_o which_o still_o hold_v forth_o and_o take_v part_n with_o junglieus_n whereupon_o the_o guardian_n and_o uncle_n of_o the_o grand_a tartar_n cham_fw-mi call_v xunchi_n who_o now_o reign_v in_o china_n the_o better_a to_o reduce_v the_o southern_a province_n into_o subjection_n and_o rectify_v their_o disorder_n resolve_v to_o appoint_v some_o vice-roys_n over_o those_o province_n who_o be_v tartar_n by_o nation_n shall_v have_v absolute_a power_n only_o with_o obligation_n to_o pay_v tribute_n yearly_o to_o the_o emperor_n this_o counsel_n be_v immediate_o put_v in_o execution_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1649._o when_o the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n be_v full_a of_o uproar_n three_o vice-roys_n be_v send_v with_o three_o army_n which_o consist_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o tartar_n from_o peking_n the_o one_o be_v make_v viceroy_n of_o fokien_n the_o other_o of_o quantung_n and_o the_o three_o of_o quangsi_n with_o express_a order_n to_o endeavour_v joint_o the_o subdue_a reduce_v and_o total_a conquer_a of_o quantung_n and_o to_o drive_v the_o emperor_n junglieus_n out_o of_o the_o whole_a empire_n hitherto_o we_o have_v only_o speak_v of_o what_o happen_v in_o the_o southern_a province_n concern_v the_o chinese_n revolt_v we_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o give_v a_o account_n how_o affair_n go_v in_o the_o northern_a province_n by_o which_o it_o will_v appear_v with_o how_o much_o zeal_n the_o chineses_n be_v concern_v for_o their_o liberty_n and_o the_o welfare_n of_o their_o country_n for_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a over_o the_o northern_a province_n as_o well_o those_o that_o have_v the_o power_n over_o the_o civil_a as_o military_a affair_n plot_v together_o which_o way_n they_o shall_v drive_v out_o the_o tartar_n whereupon_o they_o raise_v as_o many_o force_n as_o they_o can_v private_o and_o choose_v one_o house_n to_o be_v their_o general_n who_o come_v to_o the_o army_n which_o he_o find_v to_o consist_v of_o about_o twenty_o five_o thousand_o man_n march_v therewith_o from_o among_o the_o mountain_n into_o the_o plain_a country_n whereupon_o many_o of_o the_o native_n perceive_v his_o strength_n come_v in_o to_o he_o and_o several_a city_n set_v open_v their_o gate_n and_o receive_v he_o and_o his_o army_n only_a xigan_n the_o first_o chief_a city_n of_o xensi_fw-la withstand_v he_o be_v in_o truth_n compel_v thereto_o have_v a_o strong_a garrison_n of_o tartar_n in_o it_o beside_o the_o governor_n thereof_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o chineses_n make_v no_o resistance_n but_o rather_o free_o submit_v to_o he_o and_o fear_v lest_o the_o citizen_n may_v carry_v on_o some_o private_a design_n against_o he_o resolve_v to_o put_v to_o death_n all_o the_o chinese_n within_o the_o city_n which_o he_o have_v undoubted_o put_v in_o execution_n have_v he_o not_o be_v dissuade_v from_o it_o by_o one_o of_o the_o vice-roys_n yet_o still_o jealous_a of_o they_o and_o willing_a to_o prevent_v any_o conspiracy_n by_o they_o he_o forbid_v upon_o pain_n of_o death_n that_o any_o more_o than_o two_o chineses_n shall_v converse_v together_o at_o a_o time_n and_o that_o none_o shall_v walk_v the_o street_n in_o the_o night_n nor_o keep_v any_o arm_n in_o their_o house_n not_o yet_o satisfy_v with_o all_o this_o care_n but_o to_o be_v thorough_o inform_v of_o the_o force_n of_o house_n he_o send_v out_o spy_n to_o bring_v he_o intelligence_n of_o the_o strength_n and_o posture_n of_o the_o enemy_n at_o last_o house_n come_v with_o his_o army_n which_o now_o increase_v with_o the_o conflux_n of_o country_n people_n that_o shelter_v themselves_o there_o amount_v at_o least_o to_o the_o number_n of_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o and_o besiege_a xigan_n which_o be_v at_o least_o three_o mile_n in_o compass_n when_o the_o tartar_n governor_n see_v from_o the_o wall_n such_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o man_n he_o stand_v amaze_v as_o suppose_v they_o have_v be_v all_o soldier_n which_o cause_v he_o again_o to_o pass_v a_o second_o cruel_a resolution_n to_o make_v away_o all_o the_o chinese_n inhabitant_n within_o the_o city_n to_o prevent_v any_o correspondence_n between_o they_o and_o house_n but_o find_v that_o those_o that_o serve_v he_o and_o be_v send_v out_o to_o fight_v behave_v themselves_o valiant_o he_o forbear_v to_o execute_v such_o a_o barbarous_a resolve_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n house_n perceive_v that_o no_o attempt_n he_o can_v make_v will_v prevail_v against_o the_o city_n break_v up_o the_o siege_n which_o he_o be_v the_o rather_o induce_v to_o do_v because_o he_o have_v receive_v intelligence_n that_o a_o strong_a army_n be_v upon_o their_o march_n for_o relief_n of_o the_o same_o house_n endeavour_v to_o save_v himself_o by_o a_o timely_a flight_n but_o the_o tartar_n horse_n overtake_v the_o rear_n of_o his_o army_n and_o kill_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o but_o what_o become_v of_o he_o be_v never_o know_v in_o regard_n he_o never_o after_o appear_v public_o and_o indeed_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a that_o he_o be_v either_o kill_v in_o the_o fight_n or_o end_v his_o day_n in_o the_o mountain_n and_o thus_o the_o chineses_n effect_v as_o little_a by_o their_o insurrection_n and_o plotting_n against_o the_o tartar_n in_o the_o northern_a province_n as_o they_o have_v do_v in_o the_o southern_a for_o there_o follow_v nothing_o upon_o it_o but_o a_o total_a destruction_n of_o their_o city_n and_o the_o ruin_n both_o of_o the_o people_n and_o country_n draw_v upon_o themselves_o and_o with_o the_o great_a severity_n execute_v in_o revenge_n of_o their_o revolt_n the_o tartar_n have_v thus_o 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one_o thick_a and_o nine_o long_a the_o top_n whereof_o make_v like_o a_o oblong_a pyramid_n of_o two_o hand_n and_o one_o broad_a on_o the_o vertex_fw-la the_o cross_n be_v engrave_v above_o the_o cloud_n that_o with_o its_o branch_n seem_v to_o imitate_v the_o flowerdeluce_n beside_o the_o chinesian_a inscription_n on_o the_o left_a side_n and_o beneath_o there_o appear_v the_o name_n of_o the_o syrian_a priest_n and_o also_o other_o chinesian_a name_n of_o the_o same_o priest_n under-written_a it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o chineses_n to_o have_v many_o name_n whence_o also_o the_o christian_n at_o this_o day_n retain_v both_o the_o name_n of_o the_o saint_n they_o receive_v in_o baptism_n and_o another_o chinese_n name_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o place_n be_v certify_v of_o the_o find_n of_o this_o monument_n command_v a_o elegant_a composition_n to_o be_v make_v in_o praise_n of_o it_o and_o to_o be_v engrave_v on_o such_o another_o like_a marble_n stone_n cause_v both_o 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a_o miraculous_a light_n shine_v forth_o anno_fw-la 1635._o which_o be_v behold_v by_o the_o gentile_n and_o also_o in_o the_o mountain_n of_o fokien_n and_o in_o the_o city_n cyvencheu_o 1643._o cross_n be_v find_v yea_o the_o venerable_a father_n martin_n riccius_fw-la when_o first_o he_o come_v into_o china_n find_v xe_n tsu_fw-fr kiao_n to_o be_v a_o name_n signify_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o cross_n by_o which_o the_o christian_n ancient_o that_o be_v disciple_n of_o that_o doctrine_n of_o the_o cross_n be_v name_v and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o all_o that_o be_v christian_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n when_o the_o tartar_n about_o three_o hundred_o year_n past_o first_o invade_v china_n and_o that_o they_o live_v there_o mix_v with_o saracen_n jew_n nestorian_n and_o gentile_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o the_o time_n of_o marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n who_o travel_v unto_o catay_n which_o be_v the_o very_a same_o with_o that_o we_o now_o call_v china_n and_o now_o whether_o 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commemoration_n of_o st._n thomas_n offer_v up_o adoration_n unto_o his_o holy_a name_n also_o in_o a_o ancient_a synodical_a canon_n the_o bishop_n of_o the_o great_a province_n viz._n those_o other_o metropolitan_o of_o china_n india_n and_o pase_n do_v send_v their_o letter_n of_o consent_n add_v withal_o that_o he_o that_o govern_v the_o church_n de_fw-fr serra_fw-la at_o the_o come_n of_o the_o portuguese_a subscribe_v himself_o metropolitan_a of_o all_o india_n and_o china_n but_o in_o truth_n thing_n be_v more_o narrow_o consider_v from_o those_o circumstance_n and_o footstep_n which_o begin_v to_o be_v manifest_a after_o the_o time_n of_o father_n trigautius_n we_o can_v certain_o conclude_v that_o st._n thomas_n the_o apostle_n preach_v the_o gospel_n himself_o among_o the_o chinese_n for_o although_o these_o footstep_n of_o the_o faith_n of_o christ_n here_o find_v do_v evident_o show_v that_o the_o christian_a belief_n have_v be_v in_o china_n yet_o notwithstanding_o those_o 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remain_v unexplain_v hitherto_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o want_n of_o man_n in_o china_n that_o be_v verse_v in_o those_o character_n and_o for_o that_o very_a cause_n be_v send_v into_o europe_n by_o the_o portuguese_n father_n of_o our_o society_n to_o be_v explicate_v by_o person_n skilled_a in_o the_o syrian_a language_n i_o first_o of_o all_o undertake_v the_o interpretation_n thereof_o and_o that_o with_o good_a success_n discharge_v the_o same_o with_o equal_a fidelity_n and_o diligence_n now_o it_o be_v engrave_v on_o the_o margin_n of_o the_o stone_n in_o the_o ancient_a syriack_n character_n that_o be_v term_v estrangelo_n and_o it_o contain_v the_o year_n the_o name_n and_o office_n of_o those_o apostolical_a man_n and_o promoter_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n that_o be_v then_o in_o china_n when_o the_o stone_n be_v erect_v father_n emanuel_n dias_n in_o a_o certain_a letter_n write_v in_o the_o portuguese_n tongue_n date_v from_o maccao_n august_n 23._o 1625._o take_v notice_n of_o this_o stone_n and_o of_o the_o inscription_n mention_v his_o word_n translate_v be_v these_o in_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la in_o china_n where_o now_o trigautius_n reside_v a_o certain_a stone_n of_o about_o twenty_o four_o hand_n breath_n be_v dig_v up_o in_o which_o be_v manifest_o apparent_a that_o above_o a_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o forty_o three_o year_n since_o there_o be_v christian_n with_o shave_a crown_n that_o preach_v the_o mystery_n of_o the_o trinity_n and_o incarnation_n and_o that_o the_o king_n of_o china_n confer_v many_o favour_n on_o they_o doctor_n leo_n desire_v to_o have_v the_o whole_a matter_n print_v first_o transcribe_v by_o the_o mandorin_n that_o be_v christian_n to_o show_v all_o the_o mystery_n contain_v on_o the_o stone_n that_o the_o same_o may_v more_o plain_o appear_v at_o present_a we_o only_o endeavour_v that_o the_o matter_n may_v come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o emperor_n god_n prosper_v all_o to_o his_o own_o glory_n father_n francis_n hurtado_n from_o the_o province_n of_o nancheu_o also_o confirm_v this_o and_o add_v that_o in_o the_o same_o year_n a_o passage_n be_v open_v into_o the_o new_a province_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n viz._n xensi_fw-la xansi_fw-la fohum_fw-la which_o last_o be_v conterminate_a with_o couchinchina_n and_o easy_o admit_v of_o stranger_n and_o thus_o proceed_v say_v unto_o these_o be_v annex_v ten_o or_o twelve_o line_n in_o syriack_n which_o i_o can_v not_o interpret_v also_o the_o privilege_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n of_o china_n to_o the_o priest_n of_o that_o law_n be_v adjoin_v the_o version_n be_v make_v word_n for_o word_n out_o of_o the_o chinese_n language_n there_o be_v also_o other_o translation_n but_o they_o all_o agree_v in_o the_o essential_a matter_n it_o be_v record_v in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o king_n of_o china_n that_o the_o christian_a faith_n arrive_v among_o the_o chinese_n above_o 994_o year_n since_o and_o that_o this_o 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be_v express_v in_o that_o stone_n and_o who_o â—ll_o of_o they_o favour_v the_o christian_n now_o the_o preacher_n of_o this_o law_n come_v out_o of_o palestine_n and_o other_o adjoin_a place_n it_o contain_v the_o chief_a mystery_n of_o our_o faith_n which_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o inscription_n all_o which_o be_v large_o evident_a from_o the_o forementioned_a testimony_n of_o father_n boim_n martinius_n and_o daniel_n bartolus_n which_o be_v collect_v from_o the_o study_n of_o the_o college_n of_o our_o society_n but_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v worth_a our_o time_n to_o produce_v this_o syrian_a inscription_n in_o the_o same_o strangelick_n character_n in_o which_o it_o be_v express_v in_o china_n together_o with_o the_o interpretation_n especial_o see_v the_o father_n of_o our_o society_n in_o china_n therefore_o send_v it_o hither_o into_o europe_n in_o a_o particular_a folio_n print_v in_o china_n by_o the_o master_n of_o that_o language_n for_o a_o better_a explanation_n of_o it_o for_o this_o be_v explain_v i_o hope_v it_o will_v so_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o both_o the_o day_n the_o name_n the_o country_n and_o the_o office_n of_o the_o preacher_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n and_o final_o our_o design_n will_v the_o more_o evident_o be_v discover_v the_o inscription_n of_o the_o syriack_n name_n be_v twofold_a one_o of_o they_o sculp_v on_o the_o margin_n the_o other_o on_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o monument_n and_o because_o this_o latter_a contain_v the_o year_n of_o its_o erection_n we_o shall_v begin_v the_o thread_n of_o our_o exposition_n from_o it_o the_o syrian_a inscription_n be_v as_o follow_v adam_n kasiso_n ucurapiscupo_n upapasi_fw-la di_fw-it zinstà n_n bejume_v abo_n dabohotho_fw-la mor_fw-mi haâ—an_fw-mi jesua_n kataliko_n patriarchis_fw-la besanath_n alf_a utisaain_n utarten_v dia_z vanoie_n mor_fw-mi libuzad_v kasiso_n ucurapiscupo_n de_fw-fr cumdan_n medinah_fw-mi malcutho_fw-mi bar_n nihh_fw-mi napso_fw-la milis_fw-la kasiso_fw-la dmâ—_n balehh_v medintho_n tahhurstan_n akim_n lucho_fw-la hono_fw-la papa_n dicta_fw-la bou_fw-mi beh_fw-it medaharnaâ—ho_fw-mi dpharukan_fw-mi ucaruzuthon_n dabhain_v daluat_a malche_fw-mi dizinio_fw-mi adam_n meschamschono_n bar_v jidbuzad_a curaphiscopo_n mar_n sargis_n kasiso_n ucurapiscupo_n sarnischua_n kasiso_n gabriel_n kasiso_n varcodia_fw-la cun_fw-la urisch_n ahito_fw-la de_fw-fr cumbdan_n u._fw-mi dasrag_fw-mi this_o the_o explication_n of_o it_o adam_n priest_n or_o presbyter_n and_o archbishop_n and_o pope_n of_o zindostan_n or_o the_o region_n of_o china_n where_o note_v that_o stan_n in_o the_o indian_a language_n signify_v a_o region_n whence_o be_v derive_v indostan_n turkistan_n or_o turchestan_n and_o the_o like_a name_n that_o signify_v the_o same_o even_o as_o the_o follow_a german_a name_n friesland_n and_o franckeland_n signify_v the_o region_n of_o frisia_n and_o francovia_n and_o other_o innumerable_a word_n of_o the_o like_a kind_n all_o which_o be_v 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erect_v this_o table_n and_o the_o administration_n or_o government_n of_o our_o savionr_n be_v inscribe_v in_o it_o and_o also_o the_o preach_a of_o our_o father_n who_o reside_v with_o the_o king_n of_o china_n adam_n the_o deacon_n son_n of_o jidbuzad_n episcopal_a vicar_n mar_n sargis_n presbyter_n and_o episcopal_a vicar_n sarnischua_n presbyter_n gabriel_n presbyter_n and_o archdeacon_n head_n of_o the_o church_n of_o cumdan_n and_o dasrag_n and_o these_o be_v find_v in_o the_o folio_n print_v in_o china_n which_o be_v also_o see_v ensculpt_v on_o the_o stone_n but_o before_o i_o proceed_v any_o far_o i_o must_v clear_v one_o difficulty_n which_o occur_v about_o the_o year_n of_o the_o erection_n of_o this_o stone_n for_o the_o year_n of_o this_o stone_n in_o the_o chinesian_a inscription_n be_v find_v so_o different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o syriack_n that_o not_o a_o few_o person_n be_v perplex_v with_o the_o diversity_n allege_v their_o doubt_n unto_o i_o concern_v the_o 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a_o great_a controversy_n among_o author_n concern_v this_o emperor_n and_o the_o situation_n quality_n and_o condition_n of_o his_o kingdom_n or_o empire_n i_o shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n allege_v something_o concern_v this_o prince_n and_o his_o dominion_n for_o the_o more_o clear_a explication_n of_o the_o matter_n or_o subject_n albeit_o i_o have_v already_o treat_v of_o the_o same_o in_o my_o prodromus_n coptus_fw-la who_o be_v that_o famous_a presbyter_n john_n and_o whether_o there_o ever_o be_v such_o a_o emmperor_n now_o therefore_o as_o the_o king_n of_o egypt_n be_v at_o first_o call_v pharaoh_n and_o afterward_o ptolemyes_n those_o of_o mauritania_n seriphii_fw-la those_o of_o the_o persian_n former_o xerxes_n artaxerxes_n and_o now_o sophi_n so_o the_o name_n of_o presbyter_n john_n have_v now_o for_o a_o long_a time_n denote_v the_o dignity_n of_o some_o christian_a prince_n who_o dominion_n be_v place_v by_o consent_n of_o the_o most_o know_a person_n not_o among_o the_o ethiopian_n or_o in_o any_o part_n of_o africa_n as_o some_o false_o suppose_v but_o in_o the_o continent_n of_o asia_n yet_o in_o what_o place_n he_o rule_v be_v not_o exact_o know_v now_o some_o writer_n affirm_v that_o they_o be_v the_o king_n of_o cathay_n inhabit_v have_v thereby_o render_v the_o matter_n more_o doubtful_a see_v it_o have_v be_v discover_v in_o these_o latter_a year_n that_o all_o cathay_n belong_v unto_o china_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o city_n or_o territory_n call_v by_o this_o name_n that_o be_v now_o find_v without_o the_o bound_n of_o china_n and_o in_o this_o all_o the_o father_n of_o our_o society_n who_o have_v continue_v in_o china_n for_o many_o year_n do_v agree_v who_o be_v person_n very_o well_o skilled_a in_o geographical_a knowledge_n as_o matthew_n riccius_fw-la nicholas_n trigautius_n alvarus_n samedus_n michael_n boiâ—_n martin_n martinius_n john_n gruberus_n and_o john_n adam_n that_o great_a mandorin_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n and_o last_o benedict_n go_v of_o the_o same_o society_n who_o by_o order_n from_o his_o superior_n travel_v from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o magor_n purposely_o to_o find_v out_o cathay_n by_o a_o land-voyage_n i_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v not_o far_o wide_a of_o the_o truth_n that_o beside_o that_o portion_n of_o land_n which_o by_o the_o name_n of_o cathay_n be_v find_v by_o the_o father_n of_o our_o society_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o china_n there_o be_v another_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n much_o large_a conterminate_a on_o the_o north_n and_o west_n unto_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n but_o see_v that_o all_o that_o region_n without_o the_o wall_n of_o china_n be_v a_o desert_n almost_o of_o two_o month_n travel_n incultivate_v and_o destitute_a of_o inhabitant_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o region_n of_o china_n in_o latter_a time_n as_o be_v very_o much_o manure_v and_o abound_v in_o all_o thing_n may_v proper_o be_v call_v cathay_n and_o that_o the_o desert_n at_o this_o day_n call_v kalmuk_n and_o the_o region_n confine_v on_o it_o without_o the_o wall_n in_o former_a age_n have_v the_o name_n of_o cathay_n the_o desert_n in_o the_o adjoin_a kingdom_n of_o which_o that_o same_o presbyter_n john_n of_o who_o even_o now_o we_o treat_v rule_v in_o the_o day_n of_o our_o ancestor_n marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n term_v it_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o great_a cham_n the_o holy_a scripture_n as_o arias_n montanus_n will_v have_v it_o gog_n and_o magog_n concern_v which_o thus_o write_v sibylla_n heu_fw-la tibi_fw-la gogque_fw-la magogque_fw-la aliisque_fw-la ex_fw-la ordine_fw-la cunctis_fw-la marson_n atque_fw-la angon_n tibi_fw-la quot_fw-la mala_fw-la fata_fw-la propinquant_fw-la now_o that_o this_o be_v the_o scythian_a cathay_n be_v show_v by_o the_o arabic_a geographer_n throughout_o the_o four_o entire_a last_o climate_n where_o he_o describe_v it_o to_o abound_v in_o man_n animal_n and_o mineral_n flourish_v with_o christian_n meer_v and_o enclose_v with_o the_o vast_a extend_a skirt_n of_o caucasus_n call_v jagog_n and_o magog_n thus_o the_o arabian_a geographer_n in_o his_o nine_o part_n climate_n 5._o line_n 21._o his_o word_n be_v to_o this_o effect_n as_o i_o have_v translate_v they_o out_o of_o the_o arabic_a from_o the_o mansion_n gerrada_n to_o the_o city_n tahamet_n on_o the_o south_n quarter_n be_v four_o leucae_n whereof_o one_o make_v twenty_o five_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n geerada_n even_o unto_o the_o mountain_n which_o be_v call_v caucasus_n be_v seven_o day_n travel_v and_o this_o mountain_n encompass_v the_o region_n of_o jagog_n and_o magog_n it_o have_v such_o craggy_a and_o difficult_a side_n that_o none_o can_v ascend_v it_o and_o if_o any_o one_o do_v attempt_v it_o he_o can_v never_o arrive_v at_o the_o top_n be_v obstruct_v by_o continual_a snow_n congeal_v into_o ice_n which_o because_o they_o be_v never_o dissolve_v represent_v the_o similude_n of_o a_o mist_n or_o thick_a 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people_n do_v adore_v he_o with_o a_o perpetual_a veneration_n and_o they_o report_v that_o these_o ceremony_n and_o worship_n have_v their_o original_n from_o no_o other_o person_n than_o that_o prince_n which_o author_n usual_o term_v presbyter_n john_n who_o they_o be_v certain_o persuade_v to_o have_v rule_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tanchut_n which_o be_v now_o include_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lassa_n for_o as_o former_o they_o go_v in_o pilgrimage_n from_o all_o part_n of_o tartary_n unto_o he_o as_o unto_o a_o oracle_n so_o at_o this_o very_a time_n they_o cease_v not_o from_o all_o part_n to_o flock_n unto_o this_o ridiculous_a god_n and_o father_n the_o head_n of_o the_o lamae_n to_o obtain_v his_o benediction_n so_o that_o anno_fw-la 1629._o that_o great_a tartarian_a monarch_n of_o the_o chinese_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v subdue_v the_o empire_n of_o china_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n practise_v by_o his_o ancestor_n be_v solicit_v by_o the_o magistrate_n of_o tartary_n to_o do_v homage_n to_o the_o great_a lama_n that_o be_v the_o priest_n as_o to_o the_o supreme_a bishop_n or_o pope_n of_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o tartar_n and_o the_o business_n be_v bring_v unto_o that_o accomplishment_n that_o the_o emperor_n through_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o council_n be_v resolve_v to_o meet_v with_o the_o great_a lama_n now_o come_v towards_o he_o even_o unto_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n in_o a_o progress_n almost_o of_o two_o month_n space_n if_o father_n john_n adam_n a_o intimate_a associate_n of_o the_o emperor_n out_o of_o a_o extreme_a hatred_n unto_o the_o thing_n have_v not_o show_v himself_o averse_a and_o opposite_a and_o that_o by_o the_o allegation_n of_o many_o weighty_a reason_n which_o persuasion_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a father_n take_v so_o good_a effect_n that_o the_o emperor_n be_v so_o far_o from_o vouchsafe_v to_o go_v forward_o out_o of_o the_o city_n to_o meet_v he_o that_o he_o will_v hardly_o give_v he_o any_o far_a entrance_n or_o admission_n than_o the_o garden_n of_o the_o palace_n of_o pequin_n and_o at_o length_n after_o the_o usual_a mode_n be_v present_v with_o divers_a present_n dismiss_v he_o unto_o his_o own_o kingdom_n whole_o neglect_v all_o those_o accustom_a ceremony_n that_o be_v usual_o perform_v and_o he_o that_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v confer_v great_a prosperity_n and_o happiness_n by_o his_o approach_n and_o benediction_n bring_v the_o contrary_a effect_n with_o he_o for_o that_o ridiculous_a archpriest_n after_o his_o departure_n incur_v the_o curse_n and_o malediction_n of_o all_o person_n as_o be_v the_o seem_a cause_n of_o famine_n pestilence_n and_o war._n but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o purpose_n reside_v i_o say_v therefore_o that_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a this_o presbyter_n john_n reside_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tanchut_n for_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n rule_v far_o and_o wide_o in_o asia_n and_o worthy_o promote_a the_o christian_a faith_n those_o preacher_n of_o the_o word_n of_o god_n either_o be_v call_v or_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n out_o of_o zeal_n to_o advance_v the_o christian_a faith_n or_o which_o be_v more_o likely_a be_v compel_v by_o fear_n and_o fly_v from_o the_o aforesaid_a place_n in_o the_o time_n of_o that_o horrid_a persecution_n which_o begin_v under_o the_o empire_n of_o dioclesian_n and_o maximianus_n in_o which_o on_o the_o confine_n of_o syria_n egypt_n and_o the_o adjacent_a place_n of_o ethiopia_n the_o follower_n of_o the_o christian_a doctrine_n be_v every_o where_o inquire_v and_o seek_v after_o to_o be_v put_v to_o most_o cruel_a torment_n they_o sit_v down_o and_o plant_v themselves_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o persia_n bactria_n and_o turchestan_n and_o then_o it_o be_v altogether_o probable_a that_o by_o degree_n after_o long_a exilement_n arrive_v in_o the_o utmost_a region_n of_o asia_n and_o last_o anno_fw-la 600._o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o heraclius_n perfidious_a and_o debauch_a mahomet_n then_o rebel_a new_a colony_n be_v continual_o transplant_v into_o the_o aforesaid_a region_n of_o the_o east_n for_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o syrian_a or_o babylonian_a priest_n give_v place_n to_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o infidel_n cease_v not_o in_o succession_n of_o time_n to_o propagate_v the_o christian_a religion_n as_o the_o alleged_a syriack_n inscription_n do_v clear_o show_v where_o jidbuzad_a bishop_n of_o china_n be_v call_v the_o son_n of_o noah_n a_o certain_a priest_n of_o the_o city_n of_o balech_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o turchestan_n as_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o syriack_n word_n abovecited_a and_o here_o again_o repeat_v viz-anno_a 1902._o jidbuzad_a priest_n and_o vicar_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o regal_a city_n of_o cumdan_n son_n of_o noah_n a_o priest_n native_a of_o the_o city_n belech_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o turchestan_n now_o that_o turchestan_n be_v the_o same_o region_n which_o the_o persian_n call_v usbec_n the_o beginning_n of_o great_a cathay_n and_o the_o city_n belech_n seat_v in_o it_o be_v clear_a from_o the_o arabian_a geographer_n part_v 8._o climate_n 4._o line_n 34._o where_o treat_v concern_v the_o turchestians_n a_o peculiar_a province_n of_o the_o corafini_fw-la he_o place_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o city_n belech_n not_o far_o from_o samarcande_v the_o regal_a court_n of_o great_a tamburlaine_n former_o a_o most_o famous_a city_n his_o word_n be_v these_o as_o they_o be_v translate_v by_o i_o out_o of_o the_o arabic_a now_o this_o be_v the_o eight_o part_n of_o the_o four_o climate_n and_o contain_v a_o portion_n of_o the_o region_n of_o corasina_n from_o karman_n even_o to_o kasaralkamat_fw-la fifteen_o miles_n hence_o to_o samarcande_v six_o mile_n and_o it_o be_v the_o road_n of_o those_o that_o pass_v from_o samarcande_v unto_o the_o city_n of_o belech_n whence_o it_o be_v plain_o manifest_a that_o jidbuzad_a vicar_n of_o the_o bishop_n term_v a_o syrian_a by_o original_a or_o descent_n be_v of_o the_o country_n of_o turchestan_n or_o corasine_a and_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o syro-chinesian_a inscription_n of_o the_o stone_n that_o many_o of_o the_o region_n of_o the_o pagode_n and_o other_o country_n of_o asia_n penetrate_v into_o china_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o gospel_n all_o which_o we_o leave_v far_a to_o be_v inquire_v after_o by_o the_o curious_a reader_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v suffice_v concern_v the_o transplant_n of_o the_o colony_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o presbyter_n john_n and_o in_o china_n moreover_o those_o who_o suppose_v that_o most_o of_o these_o evangelical_n person_n first_o arrive_v in_o india_n out_o of_o syria_n egypt_n and_o ethiopia_n and_o have_v convert_v that_o country_n by_o their_o labour_n to_o the_o faith_n of_o christ_n afterward_o send_v out_o some_o colony_n from_o among_o they_o into_o china_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o frequent_a commerce_n which_o at_o that_o time_n be_v maintain_v by_o a_o maritime_a voyage_n between_o the_o indian_n and_o chineses_n have_v much_o more_o of_o certainty_n than_o any_o other_o for_o their_o opinion_n and_o of_o this_o expedition_n i_o shall_v give_v a_o clear_a account_n in_o few_o word_n chap._n ii_o of_o cathay_n and_o its_o proper_a and_o genuine_a situation_n although_o in_o the_o precede_a discourse_n we_o have_v produce_v divers_a passage_n out_o of_o various_a author_n both_o latin_n grecian_n jew_n arabian_n and_o persian_n concern_v the_o situation_n of_o cathay_n yet_o here_o notwithstanding_o for_o the_o better_a elucidation_n and_o clear_n of_o the_o matter_n we_o shall_v declare_v by_o divers_a voyage_n and_o travel_n purposely_o allege_v for_o that_o end_n what_o at_o length_n this_o kingdom_n of_o cathay_n be_v and_o where_o situate_a it_o be_v not_o only_o evident_a by_o the_o diligent_a search_n of_o the_o father_n of_o our_o society_n 〈…〉_z that_o china_n be_v the_o great_a part_n of_o cathay_n but_o also_o it_o be_v most_o apparent_o prove_v out_o of_o marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n for_o he_o say_v that_o the_o most_o vast_a city_n of_o cambalu_n or_o as_o the_o true_a pronunciation_n of_o the_o tartar_n have_v it_o cambalek_n be_v the_o regal_a seat_n of_o the_o great_a cham._n the_o father_n of_o our_o society_n say_v that_o it_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o modern_a imperial_a city_n of_o china_n which_o they_o call_v pequin_n or_o pekin_n and_o that_o the_o vastness_n of_o the_o wall_n make_v in_o a_o quadrangular_a order_n and_o the_o incredible_a bigness_n of_o the_o city_n do_v more_o than_o sufficient_o demonstrate_v the_o same_o now_o marcus_n paulus_n write_v that_o the_o city_n of_o cambalu_n situate_v near_o the_o great_a river_n be_v ancient_o very_o splendid_a and_o regal_a for_o cambalu_n signify_v the_o city_n of_o the_o lord_n the_o great_a cham_n remove_v this_o city_n to_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n for_o he_o
great_a hazard_n of_o robber_n who_o have_v shun_v at_o length_n he_o come_v to_o ciarciunor_n and_o after_o ten_o day_n pass_v through_o sarpanil_n a_o desert_a place_n he_o come_v to_o the_o province_n sarcil_n over_o a_o very_a high_a mountain_n and_o that_o in_o twenty_o day_n travel_v after_o two_o day_n more_o he_o come_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n cetialath_n in_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o snow_n many_o perish_a by_o the_o vehemency_n of_o the_o cold._n have_v travel_v six_o day_n through_o the_o snow_n he_o come_v to_o tamgheran_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cascar_n and_o after_o fifteen_o day_n to_o jaconich_n and_o after_o five_o to_o hiarcham_n the_o metropolitan_a city_n of_o cascar_n and_o the_o end_n of_o the_o region_n of_o cabul_n the_o whole_a region_n be_v follower_n of_o the_o law_n of_o mahomet_n and_o hence_o from_o hiarcham_n be_v the_o begin_n of_o the_o expedition_n by_o caravan_n into_o cathay_n and_o the_o negotiation_n of_o those_o that_o certain_o know_v they_o shall_v be_v admit_v into_o the_o kingdom_n whole_o consist_v as_o it_o be_v in_o fragment_n of_o precious_a jaspar_n which_o be_v find_v in_o great_a plenty_n in_o cathay_n that_o be_v in_o china_n and_o be_v of_o two_o kind_n the_o first_o sort_n be_v bring_v out_o of_o the_o river_n cotan_n not_o far_o from_o the_o regal_a city_n by_o fisherman_n like_v unto_o thick_a flint_n the_o other_o be_v dig_v out_o of_o the_o mountain_n be_v cleave_v into_o stony_a plate_n almost_o two_o ell_n long_o this_o mountain_n cansangui_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o imperial_a city_n twenty_o day_n journey_n and_o it_o be_v call_v the_o stony_a mountain_n note_v vulgar_o in_o geographical_a map_n hence_o therefore_o benedict_n after_o long_a stay_n again_o begin_v his_o voyage_n first_o he_o arrive_v at_o jolci_n the_o place_n of_o custom_n for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o from_o hence_o in_o a_o voyage_n of_o twenty_o five_o day_n he_o pass_v over_o these_o follow_a place_n hancialix_n alceghet_n hagabathet_fw-la egriar_n mesetelec_n thalec_n horma_n thoantac_n mingieda_n capetalcol_n zilan_n sarognebetal_n cambasco_n aconsersec_n ciacor_n acsu_fw-la acsu_n be_v a_o town_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cascar_n from_o which_o he_o pass_v by_o a_o laborious_a voyage_n through_o the_o desert_n caracatai_fw-fr that_o be_v black_a cataia_n unto_o oitograch_n gazo_n casciani_n dellai_n saregabadal_n ugan_n and_o at_o last_o he_o arrive_v at_o gruciam_fw-la depart_v hence_o in_o a_o voyage_n of_o twenty_o five_o day_n he_o come_v unto_o the_o city_n of_o cialis_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o cascar_n where_o the_o saracen_n return_v in_o the_o caravan_n of_o the_o year_n before_o from_o cathay_n that_o be_v from_o pekin_n the_o royal_a city_n of_o china_n declare_v wonderful_a thing_n unto_o our_o benedict_n concern_v matthew_n riccius_fw-la and_o his_o companion_n and_o here_o our_o father_n wonder_v that_o he_o have_v find_v cathay_n in_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o the_o chinese_n from_o hence_o in_o twenty_o day_n he_o come_v unto_o pucia_n a_o town_n of_o the_o same_o kingdom_n and_o from_o hence_o to_o turpham_n and_o aramuth_n and_o at_o length_n arrive_v at_o camul_n a_o fortify_v city_n from_o camul_fw-la in_o nine_o day_n he_o come_v to_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o north_n part_n of_o china_n which_o he_o have_v so_o long_o desire_v unto_o a_o place_n call_v chaiaicum_fw-la where_o be_v admit_v within_o the_o wall_n by_o one_o day_n journey_n he_o come_v to_o the_o first_o city_n of_o china_n call_v socien_n and_o find_v no_o other_o cathay_n but_o china_n so_o that_o from_o thenceforward_o he_o lay_v aside_o all_o scruple_n of_o the_o proper_a and_o true_a situation_n of_o cathay_n which_o the_o saracen_n often_o confound_v with_o china_n note_v that_o this_o voyage_n be_v take_v or_o begin_v from_o laor_n towards_o the_o north_n when_o he_o may_v have_v come_v to_o his_o journey_n end_v from_o laor_n by_o a_o much_o near_a way_n but_o as_o this_o voyage_n or_o passage_n through_o the_o thebetick_a mountain_n be_v not_o yet_o discover_v so_o that_o also_o on_o the_o other_o side_n by_o usbeck_n and_o samarcande_v at_o that_o time_n be_v more_o use_v although_o that_o to_o conform_v himself_o unto_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n he_o be_v force_v to_o attempt_v to_o pass_v by_o this_o latter_a though_o it_o be_v very_o much_o out_o of_o the_o way_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o vast_a wind_n and_o and_o turn_n and_o also_o on_o every_o hand_n subject_n to_o robber_n the_o territory_n of_o usbec_n be_v extend_v by_o a_o large_a interval_n of_o region_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o north_n be_v make_v up_o of_o three_o very_a great_a kingdom_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v samarcande_v famous_a for_o the_o birth_n of_o tamberlan_n the_o second_o tarphan_n and_o the_o three_o turphan_n all_o of_o they_o infamous_a for_o the_o religion_n of_o mahomet_n the_o inhabitant_n as_o historian_n relate_v of_o the_o scythian_n be_v cruel_a thief_n bloody_a and_o implacable_a enemy_n of_o the_o christian_n so_o that_o this_o kingdom_n be_v now_o altogether_o unpassable_a for_o the_o christian_n except_o such_o as_o will_v become_v denier_n of_o christ_n and_o profess_v themselves_o follower_n of_o the_o law_n of_o mahomet_n and_o this_o be_v the_o passage_n from_o usbec_n to_o cathay_n but_o the_o voyage_n undertake_v by_o father_n antonius_n andradas_n a_o portugese_n into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o thebet_n be_v after_o this_o manner_n first_o pass_v over_o ganges_n from_o laor_n he_o enter_v into_o scrinegar_n and_o ciapharanga_n most_o great_a and_o populous_a city_n and_o from_o these_o have_v pass_v over_o a_o most_o high_a mountain_n on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o he_o discover_v a_o vast_a lake_n the_o common_a receptacle_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n indus_n ganges_n and_o the_o other_o great_a river_n of_o india_n and_o hence_o by_o a_o voyage_n of_o many_o day_n and_o that_o also_o through_o high_a mountain_n he_o arrive_v in_o the_o cold_a northern_a region_n redor_n and_o in_o a_o city_n of_o the_o same_o name_n from_o which_o pass_v through_o the_o kingdom_n of_o maranga_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tanchut_n which_o belong_v unto_o the_o tartar_n in_o two_o month_n space_n he_o easy_o arrive_v at_o cathay_n that_o be_v china_n sect_n ii_o another_o voyage_n from_o china_n to_o the_o mogor_n perform_v by_o the_o father_n of_o our_o society_n father_n albert_n dorville_n and_o father_n john_n gruberus_n these_o father_n begin_v their_o voyage_n from_o pequin_n anno_fw-la 1661._o in_o the_o month_n of_o june_n from_o whence_o they_o arrive_v at_o siganfu_n and_o from_o hence_o after_o thirty_o day_n stay_v they_o depart_v to_o sin_v or_o siningfu_n in_o almost_o twice_o so_o many_o day_n have_v pass_v over_o the_o saffron_n river_n now_o sin_v or_o siningfu_n be_v a_o great_a and_o populous_a city_n build_v at_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n by_o or_o through_o the_o gate_n of_o which_o be_v the_o first_o entrance_n into_o cathay_n or_o china_n for_o those_o that_o trade_n thither_o from_o india_n and_o where_o also_o they_o be_v force_v to_o stay_v till_o they_o have_v a_o far_a admission_n grant_v they_o by_o the_o king_n the_o city_n be_v place_v under_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n 36_o degree_n and_o 20_o minute_n from_o sin_v in_o three_o month_n space_n pass_v through_o the_o desert_n of_o kalmack_n in_o tartary_n they_o come_v unto_o the_o very_a entrance_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lassa_n which_o the_o tartar_n also_o call_v barantola_n the_o desert_n be_v partly_o moutainous_a partly_o level_a and_o overspread_v with_o sand_n and_o dust_n altogether_o sterile_a and_o barren_a unto_o which_o notwithstanding_o nature_n be_v here_o and_o there_o in_o some_o place_n propitious_a by_o afford_v some_o small_a rivulet_n who_o bank_n yield_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o green_a 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appearance_n unto_o all_o the_o tartar_n former_o call_v it_o the_o desert_n belgian_n other_o sometime_o samo_n the_o chineses_n kalmack_n other_o caracathay_n that_o be_v black_a cathay_n where_o you_o shall_v find_v no_o other_o animal_n but_o wild_a bull_n of_o a_o mighty_a bigness_n yet_o the_o tartar_n accustom_a to_o desert_n wander_v to_o and_o fro_o pass_v over_o it_o at_o all_o time_n and_o there_o also_o pitch_n or_o fix_v their_o horde_n where_o they_o find_v a_o place_n or_o river_n commodious_a for_o the_o pasturage_n of_o their_o cattle_n their_o horde_n be_v pen_n or_o tent_n fit_a for_o the_o receive_v both_o of_o man_n and_o cattle_n from_o lassa_n or_o barantola_n place_v under_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n 29_o degree_n and_o 6_o minute_n they_o come_v in_o four_o day_n space_n to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n langur_n now_o this_o langur_n be_v the_o high_a of_o mountain_n so_o that_o on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o traveller_n can_v hardly_o breathe_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o subtlety_n and_o thinness_n of_o the_o air_n neither_o can_v they_o pass_v over_o it_o in_o summer_n without_o manifest_a hazard_n of_o their_o life_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o virulent_a and_o poisonous_a exhalation_n of_o some_o herb_n no_o wagon_n or_o beast_n can_v pass_v over_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o horrible_a great_a steepness_n and_o rocky_a path_n but_o you_o must_v travel_v all_o the_o way_n on_o foot_n almost_o for_o a_o month_n space_n even_o unto_o the_o city_n cuthi_fw-mi which_o be_v the_o first_o or_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o necbal_n now_o although_o this_o mountainous_a tract_n be_v difficult_a to_o pass_v over_o yet_o nature_n have_v plentiful_o furnish_v it_o with_o variety_n of_o water_n which_o break_v forth_o of_o the_o hollow_a place_n of_o the_o mountain_n in_o every_o part_n thereof_o these_o water_n be_v replenish_v with_o abundance_n of_o fish_n for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o man_n and_o their_o bank_n afford_v plenty_n of_o pasturage_n for_o beast_n i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v the_o same_o tract_n which_o ptolemy_n call_v parapanisus_fw-la which_o be_v link_v in_o the_o series_n of_o the_o caucasian_n mountain_n be_v extend_v far_o and_o wide_o towards_o the_o east_n and_o with_o its_o skirt_n touch_v the_o south_n and_o north._n marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n call_v it_o belor_n other_o give_v it_o other_o name_n according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o nation_n through_o which_o it_o pass_v from_o cuthi_n in_o five_o day_n passage_n they_o come_v to_o the_o city_n nesti_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o necbal_n in_o which_o all_o the_o native_n be_v involve_v in_o the_o shade_n of_o idolatry_n live_v without_o any_o sign_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n yet_o it_o abound_v with_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o sustain_n of_o life_n so_o that_o thirty_o or_o forty_o hen_n be_v sell_v for_o one_o scutum_fw-la from_o nesti_n they_o come_v in_o five_o day_n journey_n to_o the_o metropolitan_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o necbal_n which_o be_v call_v cadmendu_fw-fr and_o place_v under_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n 27_o degree_n and_o 5_o minute_n where_o there_o be_v a_o potent_a king_n that_o rule_v and_o although_o a_o heathen_a yet_o not_o very_o much_o averse_a unto_o the_o christian_a religion_n from_o cadmendu_fw-fr in_o half_a a_o day_n time_n they_o come_v unto_o a_o city_n that_o the_o native_n call_v badda_n the_o regal_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o necbal_n from_o necbal_n in_o a_o journey_n of_o five_o day_n you_o meet_v with_o the_o city_n hedonda_n a_o colony_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o maranga_n be_v place_v under_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o pole_n 26_o degree_n and_o 36_o minute_n from_o hedonda_n in_o eight_o day_n space_n they_o come_v even_o to_o mutgari_fw-la which_o be_v the_o first_o city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mogor_n from_o mutgari_fw-la be_v a_o voyage_n of_o ten_o day_n space_n even_o unto_o battana_n which_o be_v a_o city_n of_o bengala_n towards_o ganges_n place_v under_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n 25_o degree_n and_o 44_o minute_n from_o battana_n in_o eight_o day_n space_n they_o come_v to_o benares_n a_o populous_a city_n on_o ganges_n and_o place_v under_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n 24_o degree_n and_o 50_o minute_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o a_o academy_n of_o the_o brahmin_n which_o flourish_v there_o in_o which_o all_o the_o science_n proper_a unto_o their_o religion_n or_o rather_o more_o true_o unheard-of_a superstition_n be_v teach_v from_o benares_n in_o eleven_o day_n space_n they_o come_v to_o catampor_n and_o from_o thence_o in_o seven_o day_n to_o agran_n therefore_o from_o pekin_n even_o unto_o agran_n be_v a_o continue_a voyage_n of_o two_o hundred_o and_o fourteen_o day_n but_o if_o you_o have_v respect_n to_o the_o stay_n of_o the_o caravan_n it_o be_v a_o voyage_n of_o one_o whole_a year_n and_o about_o two_o month_n and_o these_o relation_n â—_o receive_v by_o word_n of_o mouth_n from_o the_o abovementioned_a father_n who_o perform_v the_o voyage_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o i_o have_v describe_v it_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o various_a habit_n manner_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o man_n of_o those_o kingdom_n which_o be_v observe_v and_o draw_v by_o the_o aforesaid_a father_n albert_n dorville_n and_o gruberus_n as_o they_o pass_v through_o they_o as_o the_o kingdom_n which_o the_o aforementioned_a father_n pass_v through_o by_o a_o voyage_n never_o hitherto_o attempt_v by_o any_o european_a be_v unknown_a to_o geographer_n so_o also_o do_v they_o observe_v many_o thing_n very_o worthy_a of_o consideration_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o habit_n manner_n and_o custom_n of_o those_o nation_n which_o on_o purpose_n be_v deliver_v to_o i_o what_o by_o picture_n and_o what_o by_o write_v they_o leave_v to_o be_v insert_v into_o their_o voyage_n perform_v which_o i_o think_v fit_a have_v now_o a_o opportune_a and_o convenient_a time_n to_o accomplish_v therefore_o set_v forward_o from_o pekin_n the_o metropolis_n and_o imperial_a seat_n of_o the_o chinese_n they_o come_v in_o the_o space_n of_o two_o month_n to_o those_o most_o famous_a wall_n at_o which_o that_o vast_a city_n siningfu_n be_v situate_a as_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a and_o most_o safe_a bulwark_n unto_o the_o wall_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n china_n where_o in_o the_o end_n of_o our_o book_n we_o exhibit_v the_o structure_n of_o as_o much_o of_o these_o wall_n as_o the_o convenience_n of_o the_o place_n will_v admit_v of_o as_o they_o be_v most_o diligent_o observe_v and_o draw_v by_o they_o and_o they_o add_v that_o the_o wall_n be_v of_o so_o great_a a_o breadth_n that_o six_o horseman_n set_v orderly_o abreast_o may_v convenient_o run_v a_o race_n without_o be_v a_o hindrance_n to_o one_o another_o whence_o they_o report_v that_o they_o be_v so_o frequent_o visit_v by_o the_o citizen_n of_o siningfu_n both_o for_o the_o enjoy_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v most_o wholesome_a and_o which_o breathe_v from_o the_o adjacent_a sandy_a desert_n and_o also_o because_o they_o be_v very_o opportune_a for_o the_o perform_n of_o many_o other_o exercise_n for_o ease_v and_o recreate_v of_o the_o mind_n for_o they_o be_v of_o that_o height_n that_o they_o easy_o invite_v the_o inhabitant_n unto_o they_o by_o their_o prospect_n which_o be_v on_o every_o side_n most_o clear_a and_o open_a and_o withal_o exceed_o pleasant_a and_o also_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a conveniency_n of_o the_o stair_n which_o give_v a_o ascent_n unto_o they_o now_o the_o longitude_n unto_o the_o broad_a part_n of_o the_o wall_n even_o unto_o the_o other_o port_n or_o gate_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v from_o the_o desert_n unto_o the_o city_n sucien_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o can_v hardly_o be_v pass_v in_o the_o space_n of_o eighteen_o day_n which_o many_o do_v undertake_v have_v first_o obtain_v leave_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o siningfu_n not_o so_o much_o out_o of_o any_o necessity_n of_o traffic_v or_o merchandise_n as_o lead_v by_o a_o certain_a curiosity_n and_o withal_o be_v sufficient_o furnish_v with_o provision_n for_o they_o say_v that_o the_o innumerable_a habitation_n which_o be_v within_o the_o wall_n appear_v from_o thence_o as_o from_o a_o high_a mountain_n but_o without_o in_o the_o adjacent_a desert_n as_o the_o inhabitant_n relate_v unto_o they_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n they_o may_v recreate_v themselves_o with_o the_o wonderful_a and_o unwonted_a sight_n as_o it_o be_v from_o a_o high_a tower_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o wild_a beast_n such_o as_o be_v tiger_n lion_n elephant_n rhinocerose_n wild_a bull_n monocerose_n that_o be_v a_o certain_a kind_n of_o horn_v ass_n and_o all_o the_o while_n be_v free_a and_o out_o of_o all_o danger_n more_o especial_o from_o that_o part_n of_o the_o wall_n which_o
south_n there_o be_v innumerable_a island_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o which_o word_n he_o so_o describe_v cathay_n or_o china_n that_o he_o differ_v in_o nothing_o from_o the_o modern_a situation_n the_o custom_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o other_o thing_n proper_a unto_o china_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o introduction_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n into_o the_o forementioned_a kingdom_n of_o tartary_n and_o cathay_n by_o the_o now_o alleged_a voyage_n see_v that_o in_o all_o the_o forementioned_a voyage_n we_o at_o all_o time_n meet_v with_o the_o mention_n of_o the_o christian_n the_o reader_n ought_v not_o to_o doubt_v but_o that_o the_o evangelical_n doctrine_n of_o the_o christian_a law_n have_v be_v introduce_v into_o the_o utmost_a kingdom_n of_o the_o east_n from_o the_o very_a first_o time_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n either_o by_o the_o apostle_n themselves_o or_o by_o their_o disciple_n or_o their_o successor_n in_o the_o apostolical_a function_n which_o that_o it_o may_v appear_v more_o plain_o i_o be_o resolve_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o apostolical_a expedition_n of_o all_o age_n into_o these_o kingdom_n and_o although_o i_o have_v in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o this_o book_n treat_v of_o the_o expedition_n of_o st._n thomas_n into_o india_n and_o the_o neighbour_a kingdom_n yet_o i_o shall_v here_o demonstrate_v how_o by_o the_o assistance_n and_o labour_n of_o st._n thomas_n as_o also_o of_o st._n philip_n bartholomew_n thadeus_n and_o other_o apostle_n the_o holy_a gospel_n be_v propagate_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a india_n to_o the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o tartary_n which_o whilst_o i_o perform_v i_o must_v acknowldge_n that_o i_o receive_v no_o small_a light_n from_o the_o excellent_a father_n henry_n rho_n who_o have_v travel_v almost_o throughout_o all_o india_n for_o be_v send_v from_o goa_n into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o moguâ—_n to_o dalcan_n which_o be_v now_o call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o visiapour_n have_v pass_v over_o the_o mountain_n gati_fw-la he_o come_v to_o golconda_n and_o thence_o into_o montipur_n and_o thence_o by_o a_o direct_a voyage_n to_o bengala_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o decanum_n and_o from_o hence_o in_o a_o straight_a path_n to_o the_o court_n of_o the_o mogor_n in_o the_o city_n of_o agra_n what_o rarity_n and_o curiosity_n he_o observe_v in_o so_o great_a a_o voyage_n he_o will_v publish_v to_o the_o world_n in_o due_a time_n in_o his_o itinerary_n discourse_v concern_v the_o kingdom_n of_o narsinga_n and_o those_o so_o celebrate_a relic_n of_o st._n thomas_n at_o meliapor_n he_o say_v that_o among_o other_o thing_n which_o the_o christian_n reserve_v in_o their_o library_n unto_o this_o day_n there_o be_v the_o voyage_n of_o st._n thomas_n which_o that_o holy_a apostle_n undertake_v from_o judea_n into_o india_n preserve_v and_o that_o he_o have_v it_o translate_v out_o of_o the_o syriack_n into_o the_o latin_a tongue_n which_o when_o i_o earnest_o request_v he_o free_o assent_v to_o my_o desire_n and_o it_o be_v as_o follow_v in_o the_o general_a distribution_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n make_v by_o the_o apostle_n at_o jerusalem_n for_o the_o propagation_n of_o the_o divine_a gospel_n it_o be_v manifest_a from_o ecclesiastical_a history_n that_o india_n fall_v unto_o the_o lot_n of_o st._n thomas_n unto_o which_o that_o he_o may_v arrive_v he_o thus_o begin_v his_o voyage_n from_o judea_n have_v pass_v through_o syria_n armenia_n and_o mesopotamia_n he_o come_v unto_o a_o certain_a city_n of_o persia_n which_o be_v call_v soldania_n where_o have_v sow_v the_o seed_n of_o the_o gospel_n he_o reap_v a_o large_a harvest_n of_o christian_a convert_v hence_o he_o pass_v through_o the_o kingdom_n of_o candahar_n and_o cabul_n which_o be_v 40_o lucae_n distant_a from_o candahar_n now_o cabul_n be_v also_o call_v galabor_n by_o which_o the_o holy_a apostle_n pass_v over_o high_a mountain_n unto_o the_o region_n call_v at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o moor_n gavorstan_n that_o be_v the_o region_n of_o infidel_n for_o so_o they_o term_v the_o christian_n which_o continue_v there_o unto_o this_o very_a day_n the_o christian_n be_v call_v the_o christian_n of_o st._n thomas_n they_o be_v natural_o defend_v or_o fortify_v by_o most_o high_a mountain_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o easy_a passage_n to_o they_o although_o sometime_o some_o saracen_n pass_v unto_o they_o who_o be_v present_o stain_v out_o of_o a_o hatred_n â—f_fw-mi their_o perfidious_a sect_n but_o the_o gentile_n or_o heathen_n be_v receive_v and_o although_o these_o christian_n observe_v various_a rite_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n as_o that_o they_o imprint_v a_o threefold_n cross_n on_o their_o forehead_n and_o temple_n which_o be_v do_v or_o depict_v by_o a_o indian_a herb_n â—r_n weed_n call_v santalis_fw-la of_o a_o red_a colour_n and_o that_o in_o baptism_n they_o dip_v their_o child_n in_o water_n yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o have_v so_o happen_v in_o process_n of_o time_n that_o the_o church_n grow_v full_a of_o bramble_n for_o want_n of_o apostolical_a man_n christianity_n be_v much_o waste_v and_o decay_v some_o small_a spark_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n only_o remain_v for_o the_o whole_a nation_n be_v defile_v with_o the_o various_a superstition_n and_o blemish_n of_o error_n father_n nicholas_n trigautius_n in_o the_o voyage_n undertake_v by_o benedict_n go_v into_o cathay_n far_a confirm_v it_o in_o these_o word_n afterward_o they_o come_v into_o another_o town_n name_v passaur_n where_o they_o meet_v a_o certain_a anchorite_n by_o who_o they_o understand_v that_o thirty_o day_n journey_n thence_o be_v a_o city_n of_o the_o christian_n name_v caphurstan_n into_o which_o there_o be_v no_o passage_n admit_v unto_o the_o saracen_n and_o those_o that_o approach_v thereunto_o suffer_v death_n yet_o the_o heathen_a merchant_n be_v not_o prohibit_v the_o entrance_n of_o their_o city_n but_o be_v only_o exclude_v or_o debar_v admission_n to_o their_o temple_n he_o far_o relate_v that_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o region_n go_v to_o church_n apparel_v in_o black_a that_o the_o land_n be_v fruitful_a and_o that_o there_o be_v plenty_n of_o vine_n find_v there_o which_o narration_n cause_v a_o suspicion_n in_o he_o that_o without_o question_n there_o be_v yet_o the_o habitation_n of_o christian_n although_o much_o degenerate_v which_o he_o have_v also_o confirm_v by_o report_n elsewhere_o this_o be_v also_o so_o manifest_a unto_o other_o of_o our_o father_n the_o propagator_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o mogul_n that_o no_o person_n from_o henceforwards_o aught_o to_o doubt_v of_o the_o same_o whence_o unto_o this_o very_a day_n they_o be_v call_v the_o christian_n of_o st._n thomas_n and_o questionless_a they_o have_v long_o since_o be_v gather_v into_o the_o church_n of_o christ_n if_o there_o have_v not_o want_v laborer_n moreover_o st._n thomas_n be_v say_v to_o have_v depart_v from_o caphurstan_n unto_o to_o the_o lesser_a guzarata_n not_o far_o from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o casmir_n of_o which_o we_o have_v treat_v above_o which_o be_v situate_a distant_a from_o labour_n three_o day_n voyage_n towards_o the_o north_n and_o thence_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v the_o mountain_n of_o thebet_n in_o a_o long_a compass_n of_o the_o land_n towards_o bengala_n through_o the_o kingdom_n of_o decan_n to_o have_v arrive_v at_o meliapor_n it_o be_v certain_o relate_v that_o letter_n write_v in_o the_o syriack_n tongue_n on_o a_o most_o ancient_a parchment_n be_v yet_o preserve_v in_o the_o library_n or_o repository_n of_o the_o church_n of_o meliapor_n in_o which_o st._n thomas_n be_v say_v to_o have_v convocate_v the_o bishop_n consecrate_a by_o he_o in_o the_o aforesaid_a kingdom_n that_o be_v from_o candahar_n cabul_n caphurstan_n the_o lesser_a guzarata_n and_o the_o other_o adjoin_v province_n unto_o the_o council_n of_o meliapor_n which_o if_o it_o be_v so_o it_o be_v very_o much_o to_o be_v lament_v that_o there_o have_v no_o person_n be_v find_v who_o may_v have_v translate_v a_o treasury_n of_o so_o great_a ecclesiastical_a antiquity_n into_o latin_n but_o however_o this_o be_v origen_n and_o eusebius_n write_v that_o st._n thomas_n first_o go_v and_o preach_v to_o the_o parthian_n and_o gregory_n nazianzen_n deliver_v in_o his_o homily_n against_o the_o arrian_n that_o he_o preach_v to_o the_o indian_n theodoret_n consent_v unto_o these_o that_o the_o preach_a and_o receive_v of_o the_o gospel_n among_o the_o parthian_n persian_n mede_n brahmin_n indian_n and_o the_o border_a nation_n aught_o to_o be_v ascribe_v unto_o st._n thomas_n and_o nicephorus_n also_o relate_v that_o he_o come_v unto_o tapraban_n now_o call_v sumatra_n which_o see_v it_o be_v not_o remote_a from_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n it_o can_v but_o appear_v very_o probable_a to_o any_o one_o that_o he_o visit_v china_n also_o in_o his_o own_o person_n any_o
one_o i_o say_v who_o right_o understand_v what_o i_o have_v above_o relate_v concern_v the_o voyage_n of_o st._n thomas_n the_o apostle_n which_o be_v at_o large_a handle_v by_o osorius_n bishop_n of_o sylva_n who_o have_v elegant_o compile_v the_o indian_a history_n whence_o from_o these_o region_n even_o now_o declare_v viz._n from_o cabul_n caphurstan_n tibet_n and_o mogul_n he_o may_v easy_o by_o the_o bishop_n his_o successor_n propagate_v the_o sacred_a gospel_n of_o christ_n into_o the_o remote_a province_n and_o kingdom_n to_o the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o tartary_n this_o ortelius_n open_o confirm_v who_o say_v that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o archon_n situate_v in_o the_o utmost_a angle_n or_o corner_n of_o the_o north_n be_v convert_v unto_o the_o christian_a faith_n by_o st._n thomas_n you_o must_v understand_v it_o of_o of_o his_o successor_n so_o that_o by_o this_o account_n there_o be_v no_o part_n or_o corner_n of_o the_o world_n which_o have_v not_o be_v fill_v with_o the_o 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haython_n accept_v of_o the_o obsequiousness_n of_o so_o free_a a_o offer_n present_v he_o in_o write_v several_a point_n of_o his_o petition_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v 1._o that_o the_o great_a cham_n will_v vouchsafe_v to_o embrace_v the_o christian_a faith_n 2._o that_o a_o perpetual_a league_n of_o friendship_n may_v be_v confirm_v between_o the_o christian_n and_o the_o tartar_n 3._o that_o all_o the_o christian_n both_o ecclesiastic_n and_o laic_n with_o their_o church_n may_v be_v free_a from_o all_o persecution_n and_o enjoy_v the_o immunity_n and_o privilege_n in_o all_o the_o kingdom_n which_o the_o tartar_n have_v subject_v to_o the_o empire_n 4._o that_o he_o shall_v raise_v a_o army_n to_o free_v the_o holy_a sepulchre_n of_o christ_n from_o the_o turkish_a tyranny_n and_o also_o restore_v the_o holy_a land_n possess_v by_o the_o saracen_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o christian_n 5._o that_o he_o shall_v join_v his_o force_n with_o he_o to_o root_v out_o the_o most_o potent_a caliph_n of_o baldach_n 6._o that_o he_o
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entrance_n into_o china_n and_o so_o bewitch_v the_o fancy_n of_o the_o governor_n with_o the_o novelty_n of_o the_o present_n that_o he_o bring_v with_o he_o that_o he_o avouch_v that_o neiâ—â—_n he_o himself_o nor_o all_o china_n ever_o behold_v the_o like_a and_o he_o also_o not_o only_o retain_v these_o father_n with_o he_o as_o person_n drop_v from_o heaven_n but_o likewise_o show_v they_o all_o the_o respect_n and_o civility_n that_o possible_o he_o can_v the_o fame_n of_o such_o great_a matter_n be_v noise_v abroad_o possess_v the_o mind_n not_o only_o of_o many_o learned_a person_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o canton_n but_o throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n who_o when_o they_o can_v not_o possible_o behold_v in_o presence_n or_o carry_v those_o admirable_a thing_n with_o they_o that_o be_v so_o report_v of_o they_o call_v they_o unto_o they_o every_o where_o by_o letter_n date_v out_o of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n to_o come_v and_o behold_v they_o for_o those_o thing_n which_o 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admiration_n and_o to_o gain_v a_o repute_n to_o the_o european_a world_n last_o some_o document_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n unto_o which_o they_o be_v addict_v to_o be_v approve_v not_o by_o vain_a gaiety_n of_o word_n but_o example_n of_o a_o exquisite_a excellent_a and_o innocent_a life_n remove_v from_o all_o desire_n of_o mundane_a pretension_n such_o as_o become_v the_o apostolical_a laborer_n in_o the_o propagation_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n and_o as_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n seem_v to_o differ_v as_o much_o from_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o chinese_n as_o the_o heaven_n do_v from_o the_o earth_n so_o it_o can_v be_v express_v how_o many_o toil_n and_o labour_n must_v be_v undergo_v and_o how_o many_o danger_n pass_v through_o that_o they_o may_v be_v render_v capable_a of_o receive_v our_o most_o holy_a law_n and_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o same_o genuine_o explain_v here_o the_o vanity_n of_o polytheism_n or_o of_o have_v many_o deity_n must_v be_v confute_v here_o polygamy_n or_o marry_v of_o many_o wife_n must_v be_v destroy_v by_o strength_n of_o argument_n here_o the_o incomprehensible_a mystery_n of_o our_o belief_n must_v be_v inculcate_v with_o great_a dexterity_n and_o caution_n wherein_o labour_v with_o more_o than_o ordinary_a patience_n and_o continual_a subjection_n of_o the_o body_n how_o many_o calumny_n must_v they_o be_v subject_a unto_o but_o for_o this_o peruse_v the_o history_n of_o father_n daniel_n bartolus_n late_o publish_v in_o the_o italian_a tongue_n and_o because_o the_o preach_a of_o the_o gospel_n can_v not_o take_v root_n without_o the_o publication_n of_o book_n i_o may_v treat_v opportune_o in_o this_o place_n concern_v those_o publish_v on_o this_o occasion_n as_o first_o the_o work_v of_o the_o venerable_a father_n matthew_n riccius_fw-la of_o macera_n the_o founder_n of_o the_o chinesian_a expedition_n after_o st._n francis_n xavier_n second_o father_n nicholas_n trigautius_n a_o flandrian_a of_o douai_n three_o father_n jacob_n rho_n of_o milan_n all_o which_o write_v many_o large_a and_o learned_a volume_n and_o beside_o these_o there_o be_v many_o who_o publish_v large_a treatise_n to_o satisfy_v the_o curiosity_n of_o the_o chinese_n as_o the_o twofold_a universal_a history_n of_o father_n nicholas_n trigautius_n father_n john_n terentius_n his_o indian_a pliny_n and_o many_o more_o particular_o mention_v by_o our_o author_n from_o fol._n 117._o to_o 121._o in_o which_o be_v the_o particular_n at_o large_a some_z special_a remark_n take_v out_o of_o athanasius_n kircher_n antiquity_n of_o china_n part_n iii_o of_o the_o idolatry_n of_o the_o chinese_n the_o book_n of_o the_o chineses_n mention_v only_o three_o sect_n of_o religion_n in_o china_n chinese_n first_o that_o of_o the_o learned_a next_o that_o call_v sciequia_fw-la and_o the_o three_o they_o term_v lancu_n one_o of_o these_o three_o all_o the_o chinese_n and_o other_o conterminate_a nation_n which_o use_v the_o chinesian_a character_n do_v profess_v such_o be_v those_o of_o japan_n corian_n tonchini_fw-la and_o cocincina_fw-la these_o three_o sect_n do_v very_o much_o resemble_v the_o egyptian_a priest_n or_o wiseman_n their_o hierogrammatist_n or_o those_o that_o be_v verse_v in_o the_o sacred_a write_n and_o the_o plebeian_n the_o sect_n of_o the_o learned_a rule_n the_o commonwealth_n sect._n abound_v in_o book_n and_o be_v applaud_v above_o the_o rest_n they_o acknowledge_v confutius_n as_o the_o author_n and_o chief_a of_o the_o philosopher_n as_o the_o egyptian_n do_v their_o thoyt_n who_o the_o grecian_n call_v hermes_n trismegistus_n and_o as_o the_o egyptian_n do_v their_o sage_n worship_v one_o god_n who_o they_o term_v hemphet_n so_o the_o learned_a man_n of_o china_n according_a to_o the_o dictate_v of_o confutius_n worship_v not_o idol_n but_o one_o deity_n who_o they_o term_v the_o king_n of_o heaven_n concern_v this_o sect_n trigautius_n in_o his_o christian_a expedition_n into_o china_n say_v they_o assert_v that_o the_o function_n or_o office_n of_o sacrifice_v to_o and_o worship_v of_o the_o king_n of_o heaven_n do_v only_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n and_o therefore_o the_o emperor_n have_v two_o most_o stately_a and_o magnificent_a temple_n in_o his_o palace_n of_o nanquin_n and_o pequin_n the_o one_o dedicate_v to_o heaven_n the_o other_o to_o the_o earth_n he_o himself_o former_o sacrifice_v in_o they_o but_o now_o the_o most_o grave_a magistrate_n supply_v his_o place_n they_o slay_v and_o offer_v up_o bull_n and_o sheep_n in_o hecatomb_n to_o the_o heaven_n and_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o egyptian_n do_v to_o osiris_n and_o isis_n and_o perform_v many_o other_o rite_n the_o peculiar_a temple_n of_o the_o learned_a be_v that_o of_o confutius_n which_o be_v erect_v by_o law_n in_o every_o city_n in_o a_o place_n above_o their_o school_n this_o stately_a edifice_n adjoin_v to_o the_o magistrate_n palace_n who_o be_v precedent_n over_o those_o that_o have_v take_v the_o first_o degree_n in_o that_o learning_n in_o the_o most_o obvious_a place_n of_o the_o temple_n be_v the_o statue_n of_o confutius_n full_a of_o character_n or_o in_o stead_n of_o a_o statue_n his_o name_n inscribe_v in_o golden_a letter_n on_o a_o elegant_a table_n on_o each_o side_n of_o which_o stand_v the_o statue_n of_o some_o of_o his_o disciple_n who_o the_o chineses_n have_v canonize_v among_o the_o deity_n of_o the_o inferior_a order_n all_o the_o city_n magistrate_n meet_v every_o new_a and_o fullmoon_n in_o this_o temple_n with_o those_o that_o have_v take_v the_o degree_n of_o bachelor_n to_o honour_v their_o master_n with_o accustom_a crouch_v even_o to_o prostration_n the_o temple_n be_v all_o the_o while_n illuminate_v with_o light_a torch_n and_o burn_v of_o incense_n much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o egyptian_n on_o the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o month_n thoth_v perform_v their_o solemnity_n unto_o mercury_n there_o be_v also_o various_a statue_n of_o this_o god_n some_o of_o they_o very_o great_a other_o small_z and_o easy_o carry_v about_o one_o be_v communicate_v unto_o i_o by_o the_o reverend_a father_n assistant_n of_o the_o portuguese_n society_n of_o jesus_n nunnius_n mascaremias_n the_o which_o engrave_v i_o think_v good_a to_o adjoyn_v the_o second_o sect_n of_o the_o chinese_n sect._n which_o answer_v to_o the_o philosopher_n among_o the_o egyptian_n be_v call_v sciequia_fw-la or_o oympto_n but_o vulgar_o amida_n the_o japonese_n term_v it_o xaca_n and_o amidabu_n this_o law_n come_v to_o the_o chineses_n from_o the_o west_n bring_v from_o a_o kingdom_n call_v threncio_n or_o sciuro_fw-la which_o region_n as_o trigautius_n affirm_v be_v conclude_v under_o the_o only_a name_n of_o indostan_n situate_v between_o the_o river_n indus_n and_o ganges_n this_o sect_n will_v easy_o appear_v by_o their_o opinion_n to_o have_v proceed_v from_o the_o gymnosophist_n brahmin_n persian_n and_o bactrian_n who_o ancient_o inhabit_v this_o indostan_n and_o have_v plant_v their_o colony_n in_o china_n for_o they_o hold_v a_o multitude_n of_o world_n a_o metempsychosis_n or_o transmigration_n of_o soul_n into_o brute_n profess_v all_o the_o philosophy_n of_o pythagoras_n father_n martinius_n in_o his_o atlas_n thus_o relate_v concern_v they_o xekiao_n say_v he_o be_v a_o sect_n which_o our_o father_n hold_v to_o have_v be_v introduce_v into_o china_n first_o after_o christ_n it_o admit_v a_o transmigration_n of_o soul_n after_o death_n as_o a_o punishment_n for_o sin_n commit_v and_o that_o both_o external_a and_o internal_a they_o worship_v idol_n and_o perpetual_o abstain_v from_o whatsoever_o have_v life_n a_o law_n judge_v necessary_a by_o they_o for_o a_o withdraw_n of_o the_o rude_a multitude_n from_o vice_n and_o as_o a_o incitement_n to_o virtue_n the_o internal_a metempsychosis_n be_v that_o part_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n most_o famous_a and_o excellent_a as_o have_v reference_n unto_o the_o vacuity_n and_o universal_a victory_n of_o the_o passion_n and_o deprave_a affection_n that_o this_o may_v take_v place_n they_o hold_v that_o they_o pass_v into_o plant_n and_o animal_n as_o they_o be_v obnoxious_a and_o inclinable_a unto_o their_o affection_n in_o their_o sceptical_a way_n they_o will_v have_v nothing_o to_o have_v the_o stamp_n of_o truth_n in_o this_o life_n but_o as_o we_o apprehend_v it_o and_o that_o good_a and_o bad_a be_v the_o same_o in_o respect_n of_o divers_a taigautius_fw-la subscribe_v unto_o this_o this_o opinion_n say_v he_o frame_v with_o democritus_n and_o other_o many_o world_n but_o they_o seem_v chief_o to_o have_v borrow_a the_o transmigration_n of_o soul_n from_o the_o doctrine_n of_o pythagoras_n and_o they_o have_v add_v many_o other_o fiction_n unto_o it_o to_o colour_v over_o the_o falsity_n now_o they_o appear_v not_o only_o to_o have_v receive_v these_o tenant_n from_o our_o philosopher_n but_o also_o to_o have_v borrow_a a_o certain_a shadow_n from_o the_o evangelical_n light_n for_o they_o introduce_v a_o
many_o beautiful_a fabric_n and_o not_o a_o few_o temple_n but_o the_o tower_n without_o the_o wall_n excel_v all_o the_o rest_n in_o splendour_n and_o magnitude_n of_o work_n the_o figure_n be_v eight-square_a rise_v from_o the_o ground_n nine_o story_n in_o height_n and_o therefore_o be_v call_v novizonia_n its_o perpendicular_a from_o the_o vertex_fw-la to_o the_o foundation_n be_v ninety_o cubit_n unto_o which_o the_o breadth_n answer_v in_o a_o due_a proportion_n the_o exterior_a wall_n be_v adorn_v with_o carve_v and_o paint_v figure_n make_v of_o the_o fine_a clay_n of_o which_o they_o make_v their_o porcelain_n the_o inward_a wall_n be_v vest_v with_o particoloured_a marble_n which_o be_v so_o polish_a that_o like_o a_o bright_a mirror_n it_o reflect_v the_o face_n of_o the_o beholder_n you_o ascend_v by_o stair_n not_o build_v in_o the_o tower_n but_o within_o the_o double_a wall_n from_o which_o there_o be_v a_o passage_n unto_o each_o story_n and_o thence_o to_o most_o beautiful_a footpace_n cut_v in_o marble_n and_o gild_a iron_n grate_v by_o which_o the_o gallery_n be_v every_o where_o fortify_v and_o adorn_v without_o the_o tower_n about_o all_o the_o gallery_n and_o especial_o at_o the_o top_n small_a bell_n and_o tinkle_a instrument_n be_v so_o hang_v that_o be_v move_v by_o the_o wind_n they_o make_v a_o most_o pleasant_a musical_a consort_n the_o last_o round_n contain_v the_o idol_n unto_o which_o the_o tower_n be_v dedicate_v which_o be_v cast_v in_o copper_n and_o gild_a over_o about_o the_o tower_n be_v several_a other_o temple_n of_o idol_n which_o may_v easy_o compare_v with_o the_o ancient_a fabric_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o this_o be_v one_o of_o those_o tower_n which_o as_o i_o former_o mention_v be_v superstitious_o erect_v by_o the_o chinese_n they_o suppose_v that_o their_o fortune_n and_o felicity_n do_v depend_v upon_o it_o i_o have_v brief_o describe_v it_o because_o i_o myself_o ascend_v it_o and_o diligent_o view_v every_o corner_n of_o it_o and_o though_o there_o be_v many_o which_o be_v more_o beautiful_a than_o it_o yet_o from_o the_o description_n of_o this_o you_o may_v judge_v of_o the_o rest_n see_v they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n alike_o and_o build_v in_o the_o same_o order_n of_o architecture_n moreover_o as_o the_o egyptian_n believe_v their_o daemon_n to_o be_v confine_v within_o statue_n and_o consecrate_a certain_a temple_n unto_o they_o so_o in_o like_a manner_n do_v the_o chineses_n concern_v which_o hear_v jarricus_fw-la before_o cite_v in_o the_o place_n above_o quote_v thus_o discourse_v there_o be_v likewise_o in_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n a_o place_n dedicate_v to_o the_o devil_n where_o they_o go_v to_o make_v their_o most_o solemn_a sacrifice_n unto_o he_o in_o a_o little_a isle_n they_o call_v the_o idol_n camassono_fw-it and_o those_o that_o pass_v by_o much_o dread_v this_o idol_n and_o fear_v lest_o their_o vessel_n shall_v be_v cast_v away_o when_o they_o be_v over_o against_o the_o isle_n make_v a_o offer_v cast_v into_o the_o sea_n either_o oil_n or_o such_o other_o merchandise_n as_o they_o have_v aboard_o concern_v their_o oracle_n thus_o write_v trigautius_n in_o the_o first_o book_n chap._n 8._o of_o the_o voyage_n into_o china_n some_o of_o the_o chinese_n say_v he_o consult_v the_o devil_n and_o there_o be_v many_o familiar_a spirit_n which_o they_o common_o suppose_v to_o have_v more_o of_o their_o good_a daemon_n than_o any_o fraud_n or_o malice_n of_o a_o evil_a spirit_n they_o discover_v thing_n declare_v present_a and_o foretell_v future_a event_n these_o we_o read_v to_o have_v be_v common_a to_o all_o the_o heathen_a but_o there_o be_v one_o special_a science_n peculiar_a only_o to_o the_o chinese_n which_o be_v the_o erect_n of_o a_o terrestrial_a scheme_n that_o be_v by_o the_o configuration_n and_o position_n of_o the_o mountain_n as_o we_o may_v term_v it_o in_o present_a prospect_n as_o if_o they_o be_v move_v planet_n aspect_v various_o several_a fix_a constellation_n all_o landscape_n so_o alter_v by_o the_o least_o change_n of_o place_n either_o in_o longitude_n or_o latitude_n they_o calculate_v and_o so_o choose_v a_o piece_n of_o ground_n to_o build_v on_o either_o public_a or_o private_a edifice_n in_o which_o those_o that_o reside_v or_o be_v most_o concern_v may_v live_v happy_o and_o be_v successful_a in_o the_o future_a and_o also_o to_o inter_v the_o decease_a suppose_v such_o situation_n very_o much_o additional_a to_o their_o eternal_a bliss_n and_o happiness_n after_o death_n which_o choice_n plot_v they_o so_o settle_v in_o posture_n with_o the_o dragon_n they_o dream_v of_o under_o ground_n affirm_v this_o place_n to_o be_v just_a over_o the_o dragon_n head_n that_o his_o tail_n and_o there_o his_o foot_n for_o from_o these_o subterraneous_a spirit_n they_o more_o than_o superstitious_o believe_v all_o humane_a affair_n private_a or_o public_a even_o to_o the_o translation_n of_o kingdom_n and_o empire_n receive_v their_o law_n and_o therefore_o many_o grave_a person_n be_v employ_v in_o this_o most_o mysterious_a occult_a science_n who_o be_v especial_o concern_v when_o any_o public_a building_n machines_n or_o operas_fw-la be_v to_o be_v erect_v to_o which_o kind_n of_o prediction_n not_o only_o the_o great_a one_o but_o the_o whole_a nation_n be_v incline_v every_o corner_n of_o the_o street_n and_o house_n of_o entertainment_n swarm_v with_o these_o blind_a prognosticator_n thus_o far_o trigautius_n and_o who_o behold_v not_o here_o another_o face_n of_o egypt_n in_o which_o all_o affair_n be_v carry_v on_o by_o augury_n and_o omen_n he_o that_o desire_v to_o know_v more_o of_o this_o may_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o author_n cite_v the_o three_o deity_n worship_v under_o the_o name_n of_o one_o pussa_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o more_o elevate_a place_n together_o with_o two_o attendant_n which_o the_o chorus_n or_o quite_o of_o the_o deaster_n beneath_o with_o stretch_a out_o and_o lift_v up_o hand_n seem_v to_o uphold_v in_o the_o middle_n be_v the_o deaster_n term_v fe_o or_o foe_n which_o signify_v a_o saviour_n like_o another_o jupiter_n resplendent_a with_o a_o august_n face_n and_o wonderful_a majesty_n encompass_v with_o many_o god_n and_o goddess_n who_o they_o call_v the_o hero_n of_o the_o ancient_a time_n beget_v by_o the_o god_n under_o which_o be_v again_o place_v a_o troop_n of_o the_o semigod_n god_n of_o nature_n and_o kingdom_n which_o be_v usual_o exhibit_v as_o so_o many_o internuncii_fw-la who_o with_o great_a veneration_n and_o signal_n readiness_n attend_v to_o execute_v the_o command_n of_o the_o great_a foe_n or_o chinesian_n jupiter_n some_z special_a remark_n take_v out_o of_o athanasius_n kircher_n antiquity_n of_o china_n part_n iv._o the_o preface_n see_v that_o many_o thing_n relate_v by_o our_o father_n concern_v the_o indian_a kingdom_n and_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n be_v carp_v at_o by_o some_o criticasters_n as_o be_v feign_v and_o false_a i_o shall_v here_o call_v they_o anew_o unto_o examination_n that_o it_o may_v be_v manifest_a there_o be_v nothing_o in_o those_o place_n so_o strange_a or_o exotic_a which_o be_v not_o find_v both_o in_o europe_n and_o also_o in_o several_a other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n chap._n i._n of_o the_o wonderful_a situation_n of_o china_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o people_n live_v there_o as_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o chinese_n be_v the_o most_o opulent_a potent_a and_o populous_a contain_v fifteen_o kingdom_n so_o the_o government_n be_v the_o most_o absolute_o monarchical_a of_o all_o other_o nation_n be_v furnish_v both_o with_o the_o art_n and_o rarity_n of_o nature_n policy_n and_o good_a order_n so_o that_o be_v independent_a and_o total_o separate_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n it_o seem_v a_o microcosm_n or_o little_a universe_n within_o itself_o nature_n have_v on_o the_o north_n and_o west_n beside_o a_o wall_n of_o three_o hundred_o italian_a mile_n hedge_v it_o about_o with_o the_o vast_a and_o unbounded_a defence_n of_o a_o sandy_a sea_n on_o the_o east_n and_o south_n she_o have_v so_o fortify_v it_o both_o with_o the_o unlimited_a and_o as_o yet_o unknown_a recess_n of_o the_o east_n and_o south_n ocean_n and_o also_o with_o wild_a road_n and_o unsafe_a harbour_n for_o ship_n that_o without_o manifest_a danger_n you_o can_v hardly_o approach_v her_o shore_n both_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o boisterousness_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o the_o most_o violent_a reciprocation_n of_o the_o marine_a tide_n and_o lest_o on_o the_o west_n some_o entrance_n shall_v be_v grant_v nature_n have_v block_v up_o her_o path_n with_o rugged_a inaccessible_a and_o yet_o unpenetrate_v mountain_n and_o so_o arm_v with_o garrison_n of_o wild_a beast_n and_o venomous_a serpent_n ambuscade_v in_o their_o obscure_a recess_n that_o on_o this_o side_n no_o one_o can_v hope_v for_o passage_n wherefore_o
china_n be_v often_o call_v in_o their_o language_n cunghoa_n signify_v the_o middle_a empire_n believe_v themselves_o to_o be_v situate_a in_o the_o midst_n and_o navel_n of_o the_o world_n and_o sometime_o cungque_a a_o garden_n in_o the_o midst_n or_o a_o florid_n garden_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o affluence_n of_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o humane_a life_n for_o the_o whole_a empire_n be_v so_o much_o enrich_v from_o the_o defusion_n of_o lake_n and_o river_n break_v out_o every_o where_o from_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o west_n and_o from_o the_o mediterranean_a part_n of_o the_o continue_a mountain_n that_o there_o be_v scarce_o a_o field_n that_o be_v not_o water_v with_o almost_o no_o city_n but_o may_v hold_v a_o correspondency_n with_o other_o by_o ship_n that_o sail_n through_o river_n and_o trench_n to_o the_o great_a convenience_n of_o merchant_n and_o traveller_n the_o most_o perspicuous_a river_n be_v kiang_n for_o its_o largeness_n term_v the_o son_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o hoang_n so_o call_v from_o his_o saffron_n colour_n these_o water_n all_o china_n and_o rise_v from_o the_o border_a indian_a mountain_n by_o a_o divide_a dominion_n separate_v the_o whole_a empire_n and_o at_o length_n disembogue_v themselves_o into_o the_o eastern_a ocean_n and_o this_o be_v also_o most_o worthy_a of_o admiration_n in_o the_o chinesian_a world_n and_o which_o happen_v unto_o no_o other_o monarchy_n that_o at_o this_o day_n the_o empire_n be_v so_o situate_a from_o the_o south_n towards_o the_o north_n that_o not_o content_a with_o the_o proper_a munificence_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n it_o have_v moreover_o subject_v both_o the_o torrid_a and_o frigid_a unto_o its_o jurisdiction_n beginning_n from_o the_o 18._o degree_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o proceed_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n through_o the_o temperate_a it_o be_v extend_v almost_o unto_o the_o 70._o degree_n of_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o freeze_a tartarian_a ocean_n within_o the_o frigid_a zone_n in_o all_o 32_o degree_n which_o if_o divide_v into_o 15._o make_v 780_o astronomical_a mile_n of_o which_o 15_o make_v one_o degree_n and_o 3120_o italian_a mile_n 60._o of_o which_o mile_n make_v one_o degree_n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n aromatics_n tree_n and_o animal_n be_v so_o common_a unto_o this_o empire_n as_o they_o be_v each_o of_o they_o proper_a to_o their_o peculiar_a climate_n and_o therefore_o what_o be_v scatter_v in_o sundry_a part_n be_v here_o collect_v with_o abundant_a increase_n what_o monarch_n ever_o have_v the_o happiness_n every_o day_n to_o have_v his_o table_n furnish_v with_o the_o seasonable_a and_o proper_a fruit_n of_o the_o indies_n bring_v from_o the_o burn_a zone_n and_o to_o be_v delight_v with_o the_o variety_n and_o abundance_n of_o all_o fruit_n peculiar_a to_o the_o temperate_a zone_n and_o whatever_o else_o serve_v for_o food_n raiment_n or_o pleasure_n for_o what_o this_o vast_a empire_n have_v either_o rare_a delicate_a or_o admirable_a be_v all_o serve_v up_o for_o the_o emperor_n use_n the_o supreme_a monarch_n of_o the_o china_n tartarian_a empire_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o political_a government_n of_o the_o chinese_n see_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n we_o have_v treat_v at_o large_a of_o the_o political_a empire_n of_o the_o chinese_n here_o i_o think_v good_a to_o adjoin_v some_o thing_n worthy_a of_o great_a consideration_n the_o emperor_n of_o china_n be_v absolute_a lord_n of_o the_o whole_a monarchy_n and_o the_o empire_n be_v so_o govern_v by_o he_o that_o no_o person_n may_v undertake_v any_o business_n of_o importance_n without_o his_o assent_n the_o monarchy_n descend_v successive_o from_o the_o father_n to_o the_o son_n and_o where_o the_o direct_a line_n fail_v it_o run_v collateral_a all_o the_o rest_n whether_o they_o be_v brethren_n or_o nephew_n or_o otherways_o join_v in_o consanguinity_n be_v honour_v with_o the_o title_n of_o king_n each_o of_o they_o have_v a_o province_n assign_v he_o which_o they_o rule_v but_o yet_o with_o such_o a_o limitation_n of_o authority_n that_o have_v certain_a revenue_n assign_v they_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v transfer_v into_o the_o emperor_n treasury_n there_o be_v six_o tribunal_n or_o court_n of_o justice_n which_o determine_v all_o cause_n and_o controversy_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n the_o first_o for_o choose_v of_o magistrate_n the_o second_o the_o exchequer_n of_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n revenue_n the_o three_o for_o emergency_n in_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n the_o four_o for_o the_o militia_n the_o five_o order_n public_a edifice_n and_o such_o like_a building_n the_o six_o spread_v itself_o into_o several_a court_n concern_v criminal_a cause_n and_o by_o these_o six_o with_o their_o subordinate_a officer_n all_o business_n be_v dispatch_v the_o emperor_n have_v lord_n of_o his_o privy-council_n which_o they_o call_v colaos_n who_o as_o they_o be_v person_n excellent_o verse_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o state_n affair_n so_o also_o they_o be_v have_v in_o estimation_n next_o to_o himself_o he_o have_v likewise_o his_o governor_n or_o lord_n lieutenant_n of_o divers_a degree_n which_o be_v term_v mandorin_n and_o accomplish_v in_o variety_n of_o learning_n and_o knowledge_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n rule_v as_o plato_n commonwealth_n only_o by_o learned_a man_n and_o that_o kingdom_n can_v but_o arrive_v to_o 〈◊〉_d great_a height_n of_o felicity_n in_o which_o either_o the_o prince_n act_v like_o a_o philosopher_n or_o a_o philosopher_n reign_v this_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o innumerable_a multiâ—â—des_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o the_o emperor_n govern_v with_o as_o much_o facility_n as_o the_o master_n of_o a_o family_n do_v his_o house_n it_o be_v also_o clear_a from_o the_o magnitude_n splendour_n and_o incredible_a magnificence_n of_o the_o city_n and_o the_o frequency_n of_o bridge_n the_o structure_n of_o which_o whether_o you_o have_v respect_n to_o their_o length_n or_o 〈◊〉_d rule_n of_o architecture_n have_v amaze_v such_o as_o behold_v they_o add_v unto_o this_o the_o convenience_n of_o public_a passage_n the_o afflux_n of_o ship_n from_o all_o part_n resort_v to_o the_o metropolitan_a city_n the_o indefatigable_a labour_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o husbandman_n in_o cultivate_v their_o land_n the_o great_a vigilancy_n and_o unwearied_a guard_n of_o the_o soldiery_n the_o extraordinary_a rigour_n and_o severity_n of_o the_o judge_n in_o punish_v malefactor_n all_o which_o can_v have_v their_o original_n in_o so_o great_a a_o empire_n without_o the_o supposition_n of_o excellent_a law_n establish_v for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n thereof_o as_o for_o the_o emperor_n be_v annual_a revenue_n although_o they_o be_v not_o always_o fix_v and_o certain_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o vicissitude_n and_o alteration_n of_o time_n yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o peace_n they_o easy_o amount_v to_o 150000000_o day_fw-mi according_a to_o their_o exchequer_n roll_n in_o which_o as_o father_n martinius_n avouch_v they_o have_v not_o only_o the_o number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o every_o province_n and_o city_n but_o also_o a_o compute_v of_o each_o year_n revenue_n most_o exact_o register_v in_o the_o regency_n of_o the_o emperor_n vanly_n the_o number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n amount_v to_o about_o two_o hundred_o million_o not_o account_v the_o emperor_n servant_n eunuchs_z woman_n and_o child_n and_o the_o revenue_n be_v estimate_v at_o 1500000._o of_o gold_n after_o our_o rate_n but_o now_o under_o the_o regency_n of_o this_o emperor_n the_o revenue_n of_o his_o kingdom_n be_v also_o in_o the_o audit_n it_o far_o exceed_v and_o for_o better_a satisfaction_n i_o have_v here_o annex_v a_o table_n of_o the_o annual_a income_n of_o each_o of_o the_o fifteen_o province_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n pay_v into_o the_o exchequer_n together_o with_o the_o number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n contain_v in_o every_o one_o of_o they_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n vanly_n which_o table_n i_o have_v extract_v out_o of_o martinius_n his_o atlas_n a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o family_n fightmen-man_n not_o reckon_v the_o emperor_n retinue_n together_o with_o the_o tribute_n yearly_o pay_v throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n except_v toll_n and_o custom_n take_v from_o the_o book_n of_o the_o compute_v of_o the_o chinese_n in_o the_o year_n that_o the_o empire_n flourish_v according_a to_o father_n martin_n martinius_n and_o other_o  _fw-fr family_n fighting-man_n sack_n of_o rice_n pound_n of_o silk_n truss_n of_o hay_n pound_n of_o salt_n of_o 24_o ounce_n 1._o pechinck_o peckali_n or_o cambalu_n the_o metropolis_n and_o a_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o five_o city_n under_o it_o 418989_o 3452254_o 2274022_o 45135_o 8737284_o 180870_o 2._o the_o kingdom_n of_o xansi_fw-fr have_v five_o chief_a city_n unto_o which_o be_v subject_a ninety_o two_o less_o