the adjacent Countries 3. Galloway the principal City of the Province of Connaught a Bishops ee and the third City of Ireland for Beauty Bigness and Strength Situate near the Fall of the great Lake or River Corbles in the Western Ocean a noted Emporie well Inhabited and of a good Trade by reason of its commodious Haven or Road for Ships 4. Limrick the second Principal of the Province of Munster and the fourth in Estimation of all Ir land Situate in an Island compassed about with the River Shannon well Fortified with a strong Castle a Bishops See and well frequented distant from the Main Ocean about 60 miles yet the River so large and Navigable that Ships of Burthen come up close to the very Wall. Beautified with a Cathedral Church and a fair Stone-Bridg 5. Kingsale upon the Mouth of the River Bany a Commodious Port being the only s fe and ready Port in all Ireland for our English Ships and others to Victual at and Refresh themselves when Bound for and returning from the West-Indies and other parts of the VVorld 6. Cork a Bishops See well Walled and fitted with a commodious Haven Inhabited by a W althy and Industrious People generally English the Shire-Town and the only Through-fare of all English Goods and Commodities s nt this way most commonly out of England for the two Remarkable Towns of â—imrick and Galloway Armagh Dublin Cassil and Tuam are the four Arch-Bishopricks VVicklow seated on the Sea whose Castle is a strong Rock Newcastle is guarded by its Sands Trim on the River Boyne Longford is the title of an Earldom Kildare a Bishops See much celebrated in the Infancy of the Irish Church for the Holy Virgin St. Brigid VVexford the Menapa of Ptol. seated at the mouth of the River Slane is a fair Town and a good Haven Inish Corthy is a Borough and Town Corporate Kilk nny on the Nure is a fair and wealthy Town and honoured with the See of the Bishop of Ossery London-Derry is a fair and well built Town Dunagan gives its name to the County St. Patricks Purgatory is a Vault or narrow Cave in the ground of which strange stories are reported by the Irish Cloghar dignified with the See of a Bishop Dungannon the ancient residence of the O-neals Antrim gives name to the County Knock-fergus or Carikfergus seated on a large Bay the Vinderius of Ptolomy not far from which once stood the famous Monastry of Magio so much commended by Bede Down and Conner are dignified with an Episcopal See. Tredath or Droghdagh with its good Haven is a well frequented Town Carlingfort is a well frequented Port-Town Owen Maugh the ancient Seat of the Kings of Vlster is near to Armagh the Arch-Bishoprick and Primate of all Ireland Craven is seated on the Lake Cane Kilmore on the Lake Navity Belturbet and Inish Killing on the Lake Earne Clare giveth Title to an Earldom Kylaloe is dignified with an Episcopal See near the Lake Derg on the Shannon Roscommon not far from Loegh Ree Elphen is honoured with the See of a Bishop Athlone on the Lake Ree under the Curlew Hills is defended by a Castle and beautified with a Stone-Bridge Letrim seated in a fertile soil near the L. Alyne Cassile is an Arch-Bishoprick by Eugenius the third Bishoâ— of Rome Holy Cross on the River Shoure once a place much frequented by Pilgrims The North part of Tipperary beareth the Name of Ormond and is Honoured in giving Title to James Butler Duke Marquess and Earl of Ormond Earl of Brecknock and Ossery c. Dingle hath a commodious Port. Ardfart or Ardart is a Bishops See. Yoghil on the River Broadwater is well fortified and hath a good Haven as also is Dungannon Of Denmark DENMARK by Robt. Morden at the Atlas in Cornhil LONDON DENMARK is a Monarchy which in former times was very formidable both to France and England and tho the English for many years have minded no other Interest in this Country but that of the Baltick and North Trade yet since these two Crowns are now come to a closer Union it may be worth our while to look back and consider the State of that Monarchy wherein the English hath so great an Interest by the late Marriage of George Prince of Denmark with the Princess Ann. Concerning the Original of the Dane we read not in any of the more ancient Greek and Latin Authors excepting Jornandes and Venantius Fortunatus who yet but slightly mention them In the French and English Histories they are often remembred first in the reign of Theodorick King of Austrasia about the year 516 under their King Cochliarius foraging upon the Sea-coast of Gaul-Belgick slain in their return by Theodebert Son to Theoderick After this in the reign of Charles the Great under their Prince Gotricus or Godfrey then warring upon the Obertriti the Inhabitants about Rostock teste Krantzio and Invading Freisland with a Fleet of 200 Sail threatning the Neighbouring Saxons with Subjection and much endangering the Empire of the French if the death of Godfrey and the Quarrels about Succession had not prevented Afterwards their mention is very frequent and famous during the race of the French Kings of the Caroline Line and of the Monarchy of the English Saxons with sundry Fleets and Armies unresistible invading France and England conquering and subduing the English Saxon Nation and giving the Name of Normandy to part of France for by that common Name of Normans the Danes as well as the Norweeis and Swethes were then called The word Dane Saxo Gramaticus Krantzius and others fabulously derived from one Dan a King hereof about the year of the World 2898. Becanus from Henen or Denen signifying a Cock in the Danish Language the Arms of the Alani their Progenitors But how they got thither is very uncertain Andreas Velleius in Cambden from the Dahi a people of Asia and Marck signifying a border Ethelwardus from Donia a Town sometimes since seated herein Montanus from Aha signifying water in regard of the Situation of the Country The more Judicious fetch their Name from the Bay or Strait of the Sea called by Mela Sinus Codanus about which Strait and in the Islands adjacent these people since their first being known have to this day inhabited From this Name hath the Country been called Denmark A Nation famous a long time for Arms and their many and great Victories atchieved abroad Themselves never conquered by foreign power Lords sometimes of England and Swethland Yet such is the Vicissitude of Kingdoms that Denmark was in the compass of four years viz. 1657 58 59 and 1660 almost conquered by the Swedes the History of which Wars are well written by Sir Roger Manley there you will find the King of Sweden fighting with a wonderful resolution and continued Successes the King of Denmark with an undaunted and indefatigable courage endeavours to check his Career till by the Mediation of the Dutch and English the Treaty of Roschilt in
Midlefare Swinberg with several other good Towns four Royal Castles and 264 Villages besides Gentlemens Houses Alsen is a small Island belonging to the Dukedom of Sleswick whose chief place is the Castle of Sunderberg giving Name to a Branch of the Royal Family the Duke of Holstein Sunderberg Arroe or Aria is a small Island belonging also to the Duke of Sleswick Langland and Laland the first is the largest the other the most plentiful in Corn and Chesnuts whose chief place is Naskow a Town well Fortified Falster is a small Island fertile in Corn its chief place is Nicopin of a pleasant situation called the Naples of Denmark Mone Isle is about twelve Miles long and six broad the chief place is Stekoo where the Swedish Forces found a greater resistance than in any of the other Islands Huen or Ween is remarkable for the observations of that famous Astronomer Tycho Brahe The Island of Bornholm was granted to the Crown of Sweden by the late Treaty of Peace but since the Danes have exchanged it for an equivolent propriety of certain Lands in Schonen Cross we now over the Sound and take notice of the other part of this Kingdom which lies on the East Continent called Scandia under which general Name it contains the whole Kingdom of Norway the greater part of the Kingdom of Sweden and some part of Denmark That which belongs to Denmark is divided into three Provinces Haland Schonen and Bleking now under the King of Sweden by the Roschilt Treaty yet here mentioned because the places in the Map are more plainly seen than in the Map of Sweden Haland is a Province for fertility of Soil sweetness of Air store of Fish plenty of Lead and Brass Mines scarce inferior to any its chief places are Wansbourg Laholm Helmstat Falkenburg and Torkow Schonen is the pleasantest Country in all Denmark most abundant in fruits and shoals of Herrings its chief places are Lunden the Metropolitan Archbishoprick of Denmark with its famous Dial where the Year Month Week Day and Hour throughout the Year as also the Motions of the Sun and Moon through each Degree of the Zodiack the movable and fixed Feasts c. are distinctly seen being finely adorned and set forth in variety of delightful Colours Other places are Goburgam or Elsinberg Fortified with an impregnable Castle and one of the Forts defending the Sound over against Cronenburg Lanscroon Corona-Scaniae Malmogia or Elbogen Tillburg Vdsted Walleburg Simmers-haven and Christiernstadt or Christiern-dorp Bleking is Mountainous and barren its chiefest places are Christianâ—ple Ahuys Selborg Ellholm Rotenby and Carels-haven often mentioned in the late Wars It hath been an Hereditary Kingdom ever since the year 1660 for before it was Elective so the Nobility do not enjoy those Priviledges which they did before The King stiles himself Earl of Oldenburg and Delmenherst as being the Eighth King of that House to which the Crown of Denmark fell in the year 1448 by the Election of Christiern the first and is to this day in their possession The opinion of Luther hath been entertained in Denmark ever since the Reign of Frederick the First who was Elected Anno 1523 so that there are two Archbishops and thirteen Bishops for Denmark The Forces of this Kingdom may be known by their former and now late Undertakings against the Swedes by which it appears that they can raise a strong power at Sea and make good Levies at Land for defence of their own Dominions The Revenue of this King consists chiefly in the great Impost laid upon all Ships which pass through the Sound which is the Key of the Baltick also in some Crown-Lands a great yearly Toll made of the Cattel as also of the Fish transported into other Countries The Danes are generally of good Stature clear of Complexion and healthful crafty and provident in their affairs peremptory in their assertions and opinionated of their Actions Religious Just in their Words and Contracts good Soldiers both at Sea and Land. The Women are fair discreet and courteous fruitful of Children The Danish Ladies love hunting and more freely entertain at their Tables than in their Beds those that come to visit them For great Captains and men of War it is famous for Godfrey or Gotricus who endangered the Empire of France for Sweno and Canutus the Conquerours of England For men of Learning Tycho Brahe the Prince of Astronomers Hemingius a Learned Divine Bertholinus a Physician and Philosopher John Cleverius the Historian and Geographer Of the KINGDOM of NORWAY NOrvegia Lat. Nerigos Plin. Norway Angl. contains the Western part of the Peninsula of Scandinavia the Eastern part being part of Swedeland A long ridg of Mountains making the separation leaving Norway toward the Ocean and Swedeland toward the Baltick Sea. From hence are transported Train-Oyl Pitch Stock-fish Masts for Ships Deal-boards The Coast of Norway though of a large extent has few good Ports by reason of the small Islands and Rocks that inviron it and the Gulf of Maelstroom which swallows and endangers all the Ships that come nigh it Herbinius tells us that this Northern Charybdis or Vorago by the Inhabitants Moskestroom is forty miles in extent Kircher saith 't is thirteen miles in Circumference that it hath a motion ascending and descending six Hours by sucking in waters and as many throwing them forth again That part which lyes toward the Pole is full of Forests and Mountains wherein there are some few Mines of Copper and Iron In the year 1646 was discovered near Opslow or Anslo a Mine of very good Gold which gave the Inhabitants occasion to say that they had got the Northern Indies But that Boast endured no longer than the Mine which presently vanished for fear of being riâ—ed Opslo Ansloye Galis the Ansloga of old it was burnt down in the time of Christiern the Fourth King of Denmark and since called Christiana 't is a Bishops See. Aggerhad is a Castle near to it full North from Seagen the most Northern point of Jutland Stafanger is a Sea-Town with a good Port near which is the Fort Doeswick There is the Herb Ossifraga of Norway which sna s the bones of Cattel that tread upon it East of Drontheim lies the Country of Jemperland formerly part of Norway but was by the Treaty of Bromsbroo Anno 1645 yielded to the Swedes to whom it is still subject This Kingdom has five Governments with as many Castles Bahus Aggerhus Berghen-hus Dronthem-hus and Ward-hus That of Bahus with a Castle of the same name upon a Rock was delivered to the Swedes by the Treaty of Roschilt Berghen is the better City the Seat of the Vice-Roy with a new Fort called Fredericksburg and a Port into which Vessels have an easier entrance and where they are safe from the Winds by reason of the high Mountains which inviron it the Merchants of the Hans-Towns have there a House and a Magazine Dronthem in Latin Nidrosia the Court of the ancient Kings of
Electorates Mayence Treves Cologn Bohemia Bavaria Saxony Brandenburgh and the Palatinate of the Rhine 5. One Arch-Duke the Duke of Austria 6. Two Great Dukes of Moscovy and Toscany The Prince of the first assumes the Title of Emperor and indeed it is a Dukedom on which depends thirty other Dutchies and three Kingdoms This Duke is absolute over his Subjects and is called by the general Name of Gran Czar 7. Six Sovereign Dukedoms besides those that are under the Empire Savoy Lorrain Mantua Modena Parma and Curland 8. Four Principalities that depend upon the Turks Transilvania Walachia Moldavia and the lesser Tartary 9. Seven Commonwealths the Seven Vnited Provinces Switzerland Venice Genoa Geneva Luca and Ragusa To which some add the Commonwealth of Marine in Italy Lastly A great number of Principalities and Imperial Free Towns enjoying a Soveraignty in their Territories but yet they acknowledg a Superior Power The Ecclesiastical Government of Europe in general is either Papal owning the Pope as Supream or Episcopal owning the King as Supream in all Cases and Archbishops and Bishops under him Or Superintendant which is a kind of Episcopal among the Lutherans but yet owning no Head of the Church on Earth neither Pope nor King nor Civil Magistrate There is also the Presbyterian or Synodical owning a Presbytery a Synod or Lay-Elders c. as Supream but no Bishops or Superintendants There are four Principal Languages reckon'd to be spoken in this Part of the World Tutonick Latin Greek and Sclavonian The Tutonick is of three sorts High Dutch in Germany Saxon in England and Scotland Danish in Denmark Sweden Norway and Ireland The Latin is corrupted into Italian French and Spanish The Greek had formerly four Dialects the Attick Ionick Dorick and Aeolick The Sclavonian Language runs through all Sclavonia Bohemia Poland and Moscovy and all the Turkish Empire in Europe There are also seven other Languages of less Note which are used in Europe The Albanian or Epirotick in Epirus and Macedonia The Cosack or Tartarian in part of Poland and Tartary The Hungarian or Bulgarian in Servia Bosnia Bulgaria and Hungary c. the Finick in Finmark and Lapland Irish in Ireland and Scotland The British is spoken in Wales Cornwal and in Britany in France Biscayn is spoken only in Biscany neer to the Cantabrian Ocean or Bay of Biscay ENGLAND SCOTLAND IRELAND by Robt. Morden Of the British Isles UNDER this Title are Comprehended several distinct and famous Islands the whole Dominion whereof now United is under the Command of the King of Great Britain c. Bounded on the North and West with the Hyperborean and Ducalidonean Ocean on the South divided from France with the English Channel on the East separated from Denmark and Belgia with the British by some call'd the German Ocean But on all sides environed with Turbulent Seas guarded with Dangerous Rocks and Sands defended with strong Forts and walled with a Potent and Royal Navy Of these Islands one is very large formerly called Albion now Great Britain comprehending two Kingdoms England and Scotland The other of lesser extent makes one Kingdom called Ireland The other smaller adjacent Isles are comprehended under one or other of these three Kingdoms according to the Situation and Congruity with them Many are the Changes and Alterations that these Islands have received in their Governments since their Original discovery they were first possessed by divers People independent one upon the other supposed to be the Britains descended from the Gauls for at the Entrance of the Romans the Island of Great Britain was divided into several Nations each Governed by its own King and particular Princes different in their Ends and Counsels and so the more easily subdued by the United Roman Force After the Romans the English Saxons were called in by the Britains to aid them against the Picts The Inhabitants of Scotland who after the common manner of forreign Auxiliaries soon seized the better Part for themselves and established Seven Kingdoms commonly called the Saxon Heptarchy Forcing the Britains the Ancient Proprietors to retire some into Britain in France from whence some think they first came but most of them into the Western and Mountainous Part called by the Saxons Walish Land now Wales where their Posterity still remains The State of England in the time of Ptolomy living in the Reign of the Emperor Antoninus Pius about the year of Rome 892 and about 95 years since the Conquest thereof by the Emperour Claudius Caesar Also a Table of the Saxon Heptarchy Ancient Inhabitants Counties Names Ancient Names of the Towns. The present Names Saxon Heptarchy The Cantii of Kent Durovernum Rutupiae or Ritupis Canterbury Richborough vulgo Rochester Kingdom of Kent The Rhegni or Rhegini of Surry Sussex Naeomagus or Noviomagus Vindonis Woodcot-Hill near Wimbleton Wilchelsey Kingdom of the South Saxons The Iceni or Simeni of Norfolk Suffolk Cambridgshire and Huntingtonshire Venta Icenorum Villa Faustini Caster St. Edmondsbury Kingdom of the East Angles The Trinobantes or Trinoantes Middlesex Essex Hartfordshire Part Londinium Camudolanum or Camulodunum or Camalodunum London Maldon in Essex Kingdom of the East Saxons The Brigantes The Otalini or Otadenii York shire Cumberland Lancashire Durham Westmerland Northumberland Isurium Eboracum Olicana Camulodunum Epiacum Rhigodunum Vinovium Caturactonium Calatum Curia Bremenium Aldburrow York Inkley Almondbury Papcastle Riblechester Binchester Catarick in Richm. Wheallep Castle Corbridg Rochester The Kingdom of the Northumbers which was divided into two Kingdoms viz. Deira and Bernicia Catvellani or Catyeuchlani Coritani or Coritavi Dobuni or Dodunni Cornavii Part of the Silures Bedfordshire Buckinghamshire Part of Hartfordshire Lincolnshire Leicestershire Rutlandshire Northamptonshire Nottinghamshire Darbyshire Glocestershire Oxfordshire Cheshire Shropshire Staffordshire Worcestershire Warwickshire Herefordshire Salenae Lactodurum Verolamium Lindum Ragae or Ratis Bennaventa Corinium Deva or Devana Viroconium Brannogenium Manduessedum Ariconium Sanday Stonystratford Verulam Lincoln Leicester Wedon Cirenchester Westchester Wroxcester Worcester Manchester Kenchester The Kingdom of Mercia Dummonii Belgae Durotriges Atrebati Cornwall Devonshire Somersetshire Wiltshire Hantshire Dorsetshire Barkshire Uxela or Uzela Voliba Isca Augusta Aquae Calidae Venta Belgarum Dunium or Durnovaria Nalcaea or Caleva Lystwithiel Falmouth Exceter Bath Winchester Dorchester Wallingford The kingdom of the West Saxons After this the Danes broke in like a Violent flood upon the Northumbers and though often vanquished yet being as often victorious they at last seized on the Monarchy of England which was sometimes held by the Danes sometimes by the Saxons till William Duke of Normandy took it from Harold and established the Monarchy which hath ever since continued in a Succession of Seven and twenty Princes down to our Present Gracious Soveraign King James the Second Of ENGLAND ENGLAND by Roâ—â— Morden A Table containing the Counties or Shires their Titles Cities and Towns their Latitude computed distance and Measured distance from London The number of Market-Towns of Parliament-men of Parishes in each County and their ancient Name
Title Counties or Shires Titles Cities and Towns. Latitude Com Dist Me. Dist M T. P. M Par. Con. Old Names  Bedfordshire E. Bedford 51 8 40 94 9 4 116 Bedfordia E. Barkshire  Reading 41 23 32 60 1â— 9 140 Readingum  Bâ—ckinghamsa D.M. Buckingham 52 00 44 40 15 4 185 Buckingamia  Cambridgshire E. Cambridg * 52 15 44 52 7 6 163 Camboritum    Ely B. C. 52 26 57 68    Eliâ— Â Cheshire C. P.  Chester B. C. 53 17 140 182 1â— 4 68 Deva D. Corâ—wal  Launceston 50 49 175 210 â—â— 44 161 Lanstaphadonia    Trâ—ro 50 27 211 263     D. Cumberland E. Carlile B. C. 54 59 229 â—01 16 6 58 Luguvallum  Dâ—â—byshire S. â—arby 52 58 98 1â—â— 12 4 106 Derbia E. Devonshire E. Exeter B. C. 50 4â— 140 172    Isca Damiâ—â—orum   Z. Plymouâ—â— 50 â—â— 184 â—1â— 4â— â—â— 35◠〈◊〉 E. Dorsetshire â— Dorchester â—â— 41 100 1â—3 â—â— â—â— â—â— Dâ—â—â—n  Dâ—â—ham  Darnam B. C. 54 49 20â— â—â— â— â— 6â— Dâ—â—lâ—â—n E. Essex V. C Colchester 51 â—â— 44 â—â— â—â— â— 415 Colonia    Chelmsford 51 47 25 â—â— Â Â Â Canoniâ—m  Glocestersâ— D. Glocester B.C. 51 54 â—3 1â—5 â—â— 8 180 Cleram  Hartfordshire  Hartford 51 49 20 21 1â— â— 1â—â— Hartfordâ— Â Â E. St. Albons 51 45 20 21    Verâ—lâ—miâ— Â Hampshire M. Winchester C. B. 51 3 54 67 20 26 24â— Venta Pâ—lâ—â—rum   ◠Southampton 50 5â— â—2 â—5    Clauâ—â—nâ—â—a  Herefordâ—hire V. C. Hereford B C. 51 8 102 130 8 8 176 Herefordia E. Hantingtoâ—â—â— E. Hentington 52 10 48 5â— 6 4 71 Hantingdonia E. Kent A. B. Canterbury C. â—â— 19 4â— â—7 28 â—0 â—â—â— Daroâ—ernam   E. Rochester B. 51 24 2â— â—â— Â Â Â Râ—fa  Lancashire C. P.  Lancaster â—4 27 187 2â—2 2â— 14 61 Longoâ—â—is   E. Manchester â—â— 35 1â—7 1â—â— Â Â Â Mancunium  Leicestershire E. Leicester 52 40 7â— 9â— 1â— 4 2â—0 Rhagae  Lincolnshire E. Lincoln 53 15 102 1â—â— â—1 12 631 Lindum E. Middlesex  London B. C. 51 31 0 0 5 8 73 Londinum    Westminster 51 â—0 1 1    Vestmonasteriâ—m D. Monmouth  Monmouth 51 52 100 127 7 3 156 Monumetia D. Norfolk  Norwich B. C. 52 42 90 108 34 12 625 Norâ—â—um   E. Yarmouth 52 44 100 122    Gariannâ—rum E. Northampton E. Peterborough BC 52 35 62 76 13 9 326 Petroburgum   F. Northampton 52 10 54 66    Antona Borealis D. Northandâ—â—and D M E Newcastle 55 1 212 276 11 8 40 Gabrosentum E. Nottingham E. Nottingham 52 59 96 112 9 8 168 Nottinghamia  Oxfordshire F. Oxford B. C. 51 46 47 59 12 10 208 Oxonium F. Rutland  Oâ—â—hâ—m 52 42 74 94 2 12 47 Uxocona  Shropshire F. Shrewsbury 52 46 124 157    Salopia    Ludlow 52 27 105 136 16 12 170 Ludloâ— D. Somersetshire E Bristol C. B. 51 28 94 115    Bristolium   E. Bath B. C. 51 23 87 96 34 18 385 Aâ—pâ—e Calidae E. Staffordshire F. Litchfield B.C. 52 45 94 118 19 9 1â—0 Lichfâ—ldia E.   Stafford 52 53 104 133    Staffordia  Suffolk V. C. Ipswich 52 10 60 68 30 15 464 Gippevicum E.   Bary 52 20 60 66    Villa Faâ—stini  Surâ—y F. Guilford 51 12 25 30 11 14 140 Neomagus   E. Kingston 50 23 10 12    Regiopolis E. Sussex E. Chichester B. C. 50 48 50 63 17 26 312 Cicestria  Warwickshire E. Warwick 52 20 67 90 15 6 158 Praesidium   E. Coventry B. C. 52 28 74 92    Conventria E. Westmorland  Kendal 54 23 203 258 8 â— 26 Concangium  Wâ—â—ashire E. Salisbury B. C. 51 3 70 8â— 21 34 804 Sorbiodunum    Wilton 51 4 73 86      Worcestershire M.E. Worcester B.C. 52 18 85 112 11 9 152 Bannogenium  Yorkshire D. York A B. C. 53 58 150 192 58 30 563 Eboracum   D. Richmond 54 24 185 40    Richmondia THE better Part of the best Island in the whole Earth anciently together with Scotland as was said before called Great Britain and sometimes Albion was by Egbert the 18th King of the West Saxon advanced to the Honour of an intire Monarchy who having with prosperous Arms subdued the principal Kingdoms of the Saxon Heptarchy stiled himself the first Monarch and commanded this South Part of Britain should be called Angle or Engle-lâ—nd from the Angles a people of the lower Saxons of whom he was descended by the French Angleterre by the Germans Englandt and by the Inhabitants England It is in length from Berwick in the North to the Isle of Wight in the South 375 Miles and from Dover in the East to the Lands-End in Cornwall in the West about 328 of the same Miles whereof 73 make a Degree In Compass about 1300 Miles in Shape Triangular and by computation contains about 30 Millions of Acres being about the Thousandth part of the Globe and the Three hundred thirty third Part of the habitable Earth England was in the time of the Romans divided into Britania Prima Britania Secunda and Maxima Caesariensis the first of these contained the South Part of England the second all the Western Part now called Wales and the third the Northern parts beyond Trent After the Britans had received the Christian Faith they divided the same into three Provinces or Archbishopricks viz. of London which contained that of Britania Prima of York which contained that of Maxima Caesariensis of Caerlion under which was Britania Secunda But afterwards the Saxons divided it into Seven Kingdoms as aforesaid At present England according to its Respect of Church and State is subject to a fourfold division First into two Provinces or Archbishopricks Canterbury and York and under these are 22 Bishops or Episcopal Diocesses of which Canterbury hath 21 therefore called the Primate and Metropolitan of all England and that of York three Then there are Deanries 60 Arch Deanries Prebendaries and other Dignities 544 with 9725 Parochial Benefices and Vicaridges besides of good Competency for the Encouragement of the Clergy who for ability of Learning are not to be parallel'd in the World. A Catalogue of the Archbishopricks and Bishopricks of England Wales with what Counties are under their Jurisdictions and the Number of Parishes and Impropriations that are in each Diocess Archbishopricks and Bishopricks Countries under each of their Jurisdictions Par. in Dioces Imp. Dioc Canterbury Hath Canterbury and part of Kent besides peculiar in the Diocess of Canterbury 257 140 57 14 York Hath
upon the departure of the German Nation towards the Roman Frontiers flocked hither and by reason of their common Langave or mixture with the Sclaves of Illyricum thus accounted and being united in the common Name of Sclaves setled in that part which we now call Poland the Estate hereof being much improved by the Conquest of many Sarmatian Counties But whether Zechus and Lechus the Founders of the two Nations by all Historians were Strangers or Native Inhabitants is uncertain since all ancient History is silent herein The time when these should arrive here according to Historian reports was Anno 649 under Lechus a time indeed near unto the general flittings of the Barbarous and Northern Nations and therefore the more probable In Anno 963 they Received the Gospel Anno 1001 they had the Title of King conferred upon them by Otho the Emperour His Revenue is computed to be 600000 Crowns per Annum arising from Salt and Tin and Silver Mines His Houshold Expences and Daughters Portions being at the Publick Charge Nor do the Wars at any time exhaust his Treasure It is very Fertile in Rye Wax and Honey Other Commodities are Flax Masts Cordage Boards Wainscots Timber Rosin Tar Pitch Match Iron Pot-Ashes and Brimstone It is well Furnished with Flesh Fowl and Fish Rich in Furrs the fairest of which are brought thither out of Muscovy Near Cracovia or Crakou they dig Salt out of the Famous Salt-Pits that make a kind of City under Ground and yield a great Revenue They boyl it in Russia but in Podolia the Sun makes it They have the Conveniency both of the Black and Baltick Seas but are not addicted to Traffick neither are they well provided with hips The Rivers called the Vistula Vistillus Plin. Istula Ptol. Visula Mela. Bisula Amin. Vulge Wixel vel Weixel Weissel Incolis Vistule Gal. Vistula Ital. The Niemen the Chronus of Ptol. Memel Ger. Niemen Sclavis test Cromero Decio But by Rithaym Eras Pergel 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sheld And the Duina or Duna empty themselves into the Baltick The Borysthenes Arist c. Naparis Herod Dnieper Decio Brisna Lunel Beresina Pucer Eberstenio Dnester Nester Cromero Nieper Mr. Cluver Briet The Bogg Hypanis Arist Herod Plin. c. And the Niester the Tyras of Herod Ptol. Tyra of Strab. Plin. now the Nester or Niester Teste Cromer Eberstin into the Black Sea. The Vistula runs by very fair Cities but the Mouths of Borysthenes under the Jurisdiction of the Turk who in the year 1672 took the Vkraine into his Protection having subdued all Podolia after the Surrender of the Fortress Kamienick This Kingdom is Elective being the only place in Europe where the People at this day freely retain and practise the Privilege to Elect their King yet the next of the Blood-royal commonly succeeds The Government is an Aristocratical Monarchy where the Senators have so much Authority that when we name the Quality of the State we may call it the Kingdom and Commonwealth of Poland The Senate is composed of Arch-Bishops Bishops Palatines Principal Catellains and Great Officers of the Kingdom The Prince like the King of Bees or a Royal Shadow cannot Act against his Nobles without the Consent of the Senators Yet his Dignity is so far considered that never any one Attempted against the Life of any of his Predecessors Their Kings were more anciently Free and Soveraign but by the common calamity of Elective States now bereft of Royal Right and Prerogatives having limited power Governing according to the strict Laws and Directions of the Council and Diet who solely have full liberty to consult of and determine the main affairs of the Kingdom These are of two sorts 1. The Senate aforesaid 2. The General Diets which are composed of the Orders aforesaid of the Senate or Council and of the Delegates of each Province and chiefer City sent in the name of the rest of the Nobility These are for the more high and important businesses of Republick Kingdoms not determinable by the Senate Warsaw or Varsovia is usually the place of Election and Crakow or Cracovia that of the Coronation The Arch-Bishop of Guesna Primate of the Kingdom Crowns the King and has almost all the Authority during the Interregnum for then he presides in the Senate and gives Audience to Embassadors He also contests with the Cardinals for Precedency and therefore there are few in Poland His Revenue is above 150000 Livres a year The Kingdom has three Orders the Church the Nobility and the Third Estate which comprehends all those which are not of the Nobility Though all sorts of Religions are here to be found yet the Roman Catholick is most predominant therefore the Clergy are next in Superiority to the King and then the Palatines and Castellans Written fixed Laws they have but a few if any Custom and Temporary Edicts being the Rule both of their Government and Obedience The Polanders wear long Garments shave their Hair upon the Chin and leave only one tufft of Hair upon their Heads in Remembrance of Casimir the First whom they fetched out of a Monastery to be their King. They are generally handsome tall well Proportioned good Soldiers and speak the Latin Tongue very fluently The Gentry are more Prodigal than Liberal Costly in their Apparel Delicious in their Diet very free and liberal but the Peasants no better than Slaves The Absolute Power they pretend to and ill Usages of the Nobles towards the Commonalty and Feuds one with another was certainly the cause of the Revolt of the Cossacks and produced all the Disorders in the Kingdom Their Cavalry is very considerable insomuch that if they were but United they might be able to bring into the Field above an 100000 Horse The Confidence they have therein and their Fear to render a Knight or a Burgher too Potent has made them Neglect Fortifying their Towns. Their Horses are of a middle size but quick and lively pompously Harnessed in Silk Gold Silver and Precious Stones Their Weapons are generally a Scymitar Sword Battle-Ax Carbine Bows and Arrows The Cossacks had always a peculiar Discipline in War though they were the same Nation At first they were Voluntiers that made Incursions upon the Turk and Tartars King Bathors reduced them into a Body and joyned to them two thousand Horse to whom he assigned the fourth part of his Revenue Their Habitations are in the lower parts of Volhinia and Podolia which they call the Vkraine which Country is the best Peopled and the most Fertile in all Poland There are other Cossacks that live in the Islands of the Borysthenes which is not Navigable by Reason of the Falls which they call Porowis Their Custom was formerly to put to Sea with several flight Vessels and to plunder the Territories of the Great Turk that lye upon the Black Sea. Some years since these People Revolted notwithstanding the Lot which was offered them of Kudack upon the Borysthenes and began
the Misfortunes of the Kingdom for they Leagued themselves with the lesser Tartars and put themselves into the Great Turks Protection Insomuch that we may safely say that the Invasion of the Swedes the Hostilities of the Muscovites the Irruption of the Transylvanians the Treachery of the Cossacks the Rebellion of whole Armies in Poland and Lithuania the different Factions of the Kingdom the Contests of the Neighbouring Nations gave a cruel Blow to this Crown and were the causes that moved the Great Turk to make War upon them Poland contains Ten great Divisions four to the West and upon the Vistula Poland Mazovia Cujavia and Prussia the Royal. Six toward the East and to the West of Borysthenes Lithuania Samogitia Polaquia Nigra Russia Volhinia and Podolia These Provinces have been gained for the most part either by Arms or Alliances They are divided into Palatinates the Palatinates into Castellains and the Castellains into Captainships They call the Government of places Starosties Besides these Provinces there is one part of Muscovia which was yielded to the Muscovite in the year 1634 after that Ladislaus the Fourth before he was King had the year before valiantly Relieved Smolensko and reduced to utmost Extremity an Army of an hundred thousand Muscovites who were constrained to ask him Pardon to save their Lives That Treaty which they call the Treaty of Viasma gained to Poland Smolensko Novogrodeck Sevierski Czernihou and other places The Truce for thirteen years beginning February 1667 leaves the Grand Duke of Muscovy in the Possession of Smolensko as also of that part of the Vkraine to the East of Borysthenes and regain'd to the Crown of Poland Dunenbourg Polâ—czk and Witepski Ducal Prussia where stands Konigsberg or Mons Regius a fair City University and Mart generally by our Seamen called Queenborow belonging to the Elector of Brandenburgh who is absolute Sovereign of it independent from Poland The City is so much the bigger because it incloseth two others within the same circuit of Walls Pinau and Memel are two Forts upon the Sea of the greatest concernment of any in that Dominion Curland is a Dukedom for which the Duke of the House of Ketler does Homage to the Crown His Residence is at Mitaw the chief of the Province of Semigallia in Livonia near this City Zernesky the Polish General and Lubermisky the great Chancellor vanquished the Swedish Army and killed 14000 upon the place And Vindaw was the Seat of the great Master of the Teutonick Order Poland the best Peopled is Divided into Vpper and Lower In the first stands Cracovia or Crackow the chief City in all Poland where the Kings and Queens are Crowned Inhabited by a great Number of Germans Jews and Italians encompassed with two strong Walls of Stone on the East-side is the Kings Castle on the West a Chappel where the Kings are Interred Upon the Confines of Silesia stands the City of Czentochow with the Cloyster of Nostre-dame of Clermont an extraordinary strong place and which the Swedes Besieged in vain twice in the Years 1655 and 1656. Sandomiria or Sendomierz a Walled Town and Castle upon a Hill. Lublin or Lublinium is a Walled Town with a strong Castle Environed with Waters and Marishes Here are held three great Fairs at the Feasts of Pentecost St. Simon and Jude and at Candlemas and much resorted unto by Merchants The Lower Poland though lesser than the Higher is nevertheless called Great Poland because it is more a part of the Kingdom than the other The City of Guesna there Seated in the Palatinate of Kalish is very Ancient and the Seat of the first Kings so called from an Eagles Nest which was found there while it was Building and which gave Occasion to the King of Poland to bear Gules an Eagle Argent Crown'd Beak'd and Armed Or bound under the Wings with a Ribband of the same Kalick Calisia is a Walled Town upon the Prosna naming the Country The Province of Mazovia only has above thirty or forty thousand Gentlemen the most part Catholicks Warsovia Warsaw is the Capital thereof and of the whole Kingdom in regard the General Diets are kept there and because its Castle is the Kings Court. In Cujavia stands the City Wladislau where the Houses are Built of Brick and the Lake Gopla out of which came the Rats that Devoured King Popiel Posnania or Posen is a Bishops See seated amongst Hills upon the River Warsa fairly built of Stone subject to Inundations chief of the Palatinate In which is also Miedzyrzecze a strong Town upon the Borders of Schlesia impregnably seated amongst Waters and Marshes Koscien a double Walled Town amongst dirty Marshes Sivadia Sirad a Walled Town and Castle seated upon the River Warsa naming the Country sometimes a Dukedom belonging to the second Sons of the Kings of Poland Lancicia Lancitz a Walled Town with a Castle mounted on a Rock upon the River Bsura Rava built all of Wood with a Castle naming the Palatinate Plozko and Dobrzin are two Palatinates on the other side of the Nieper Prussia Royal which belongs to the King of Poland are several Cities which the Knights of the Teutonick Order Built The Lakes and the Sea-Coast afford great store of Amber Marienburgh Mariiburgum is a strong Town where Copernicus was born a Town of good Trade with a fair Wooden Bridge over the Vistula Dantzick Gedanum one of the Capital Hans-Towns drives all the Trade of Poland and has not its equal over all the Baltick Sea It is a Free Town and is Priviledged to send Deputies to the States of the Kingdom The King of Poland has some Rights there upon Entry of Goods and upon the Custom The City of Elbing contends for Priority in the States of Prussia The Generous Resolution of the Towns-men to maintain the Authoriry of their King against the Swedes without accepting the Neutrality was the Preservation of the whole Kingdom Lithuania is the greatest Province of all those which compose the Estates of the Crown of Poland It received the Christian Religion 1389 United to Poland 1569. It has the Title of a Grand Dukedom wherein there are also to this day as many great Officers as in the Kingdom of Poland The Country is so full of Marshes and Sloughs that there is no Travelling in Winter for the Ice Vilna the Capital City incloses so many sorts of Religions that there is no City in the World where God is Worshipped after so many different ways unless in Amsterdam a Liberty too much allowed in most parts of Christendom but rara temporum felicitas There are also in Lithuania eight parts or Palatinates viz Breslaw Mâ—â—sco Mscizlaw Novogrodeck Poloczk Troki Vilna and Witepsk as also the Dutchy of Smolensko Novogrodeck Czernihou with the Territories of Rohaczow and Rzeczych and Sluckz whose chief places bears the same name other chief places of Note in Lithuania you may find in the Map. Samogitia is a Country where the Inhabitants live very poorly it hath no Palatinate
Oritani seated upon an high Mountain rather in New Castile than in Andaluzia near Vbeda St. Lucar at the mouth of the Guadalquiver is a Town of great Trade the West-India Gold and Silver Plate has sometimes stop'd at the Tower of the Port which is called the Golden Tower but generally that Fleet puts in at Cadiz or Port St. Maries which is near to it Xeres de la Fontera stands not far from that place where the Moors totally Defeated the Goths in the year 714 after which they harassed all Spain without controul and from hence come our Sherry-Sacks The Acta Regia of Strab. Plin. the Asta of Ptol. Ant. Medina Sidonia the Asindum of Ptol. Asido Caesariana of Plin. whose Duke was General of the Invincible Armado 1588. Tariffa was so called from Tariff General of the Moors in their first Spanish Invasion which Lodovicus Nonius thinks to have been the Famous Tartessus of Hâ—rod Strab. and other Authors rich in Gold and Silver and visited by the continual Fleets of the Tyrian Merchants and by the Phocensis in the Reign of Arganthonius a little before their Expugnation by Cyrus and by some thought to be the same with that Tharsis from whence Solomon's Ships did fetch his Gold for the Temple at Jerusalem Some makes this the same with the Carteia of Mela Ptol. Plin. Cartha of Ovid Cartaea of Steph. as Curio Mariana and Becan but Moralus will have Cartheja or Carteja to be Algezira whose position now is alike uncertain but both seems to me to be the Gibal Tariff of the Arab. or Gibralter Gibralter which now gives a Name to the Famous Streight which joyns the Ocean and the Mediterranean and parts Europe from Africa called by the Ancients Fretum Herculeum Gaditanum Tartessiacum now Estrecho de Gibralter Hispanis This Streight is in length 36 miles from Cape Trafalger to Gibralter in breadth at the Entrance 18 miles at the narrowest place about 7 English miles Pales is the Port from whence Columbus first Embarqued upon his Intentions of a New Discovery And Cadiz Cales Angl. Batavis Cadice Ital. Gades Caes Plin. Mela Gadira Ptol. Erythia Tartessos Strab. Continusa Dionys Is the Harbour of the Rich Plate-Fleets a Port so Important that Charles the Fifth Recommended the conservation thereof in a special manner to his Son Philip the Second Antiquity there shews us the Foot-steps of a Temple Dedicated to Hercules with two Columns either of Copper or Silver which the Natives aver to be the Pillars of that Hero as well as the two Mountains upon each side of the Streights of Gibralter they Report that in this Temple it was that Julius Caesar wept when he called to mind the Prodigious Conquests which Alexander the Great had gain'd at the Age of three and thirty Years the consideration whereof carried him to those High Enterprises as Scipio was incited by the Actions of Zenophon's Cyrus The Kingdom of Granada under the last Kings of the Moors who lost it in the Year 1491. was far more Rich and better Peopled than it is at this day It was also much more Fertile for the Moors had a thousand Inventions to water their Lands by means of Cuts and Trenches bringing the Water from great Reservatories which they made in the Mountains which are called Montes d'los Alpayaras olim Alpuxarras The Situation of this Kingdom and the Position of the Towns agrees with the Relation or Description which Julius Caesar has made The City which bears its Name Granatum al. Granado is the biggest in all Spain its Buildings are of Free-stone Fenced about with a strong Wall on which are 130 Turrets and it hath 12 Gates It is very pleasant Dwelling there by reason of the pureness of the Air and plenty of Fountains the Moors placing Paradise in that part of Heaven which is the particular Zenith of this place Malaga Malaca Ptol. Strab. Mel. Ant. a strong Town and Bishops See. Velez Malaga is the Sex of Ptol. Sexitanum Ant. Sexi Firmum Julium Plin. Is Famous for the Excellency of its Wines and Raisins Munda is Notable for Julius Caesar's Victory over Pompey's Sons For near unto this place in a Wood was fought that notable and last Battel between Caesar and Pompey's Sons the Honour of the day fell to Caesar though not without great loss In other Battels he used to say he fought for Honour in this for his Life which not long after he lost being murthered in the Senate-House Almeria is the Abdara Ptol. Abdera Mela founded by the Tyrians Strab. by the Carthaginians Plin. Antiquera is the Singilia Plin. Alhama the Artigis of Ptol. noted for its Medicinable Baths Gaudix is a Bishops See. Loxa enjoys a pleasant Situation Muxacra is thought to be the Murgis of Ptol. Plin. Huesca the Osca of Ptol. Vera the Vergao of Plin. Murcia is said to be the Garden of Spain by reason of the plenty of Excellent Fruits in those parts and so abounding in Silver Mines that the Romans kept 400 men at work The City also that bears its name the Menralia of Ptol. drives a great Trade in Silk Cartagena built by Asdrubal of Carthage Father of the Great Hannibal and taken in the second Punick War by Scipio Africanus twice sacked and razed by the Barbarous Goths and Vandals re-edified and fortified by Philip the Second King of Spain Is a good Sea-Port a safe and large Harbour Caravaca affords the wood for the Cross to which the Spaniards attribute a power to preserve men from Thunder Valencia is the most delightful Country of all Spain The City besides the name of the Province bears the name of Fair and Great Valencia An Arch-Bishops See the Valentia of Ptol. Plin. c. seated not far from the mouth of the River Durias by Mela Turium Plin. Turia Turias by others now Guadalaviar Clusio A University where studied St. Dominick the Father of the Dominicans Here were born under contrary Stars Ludovicus Vives and Pope Alexander the VI. Cullera a Sea-Town at the mouth of the River Xucar formerly Sacron after the name of the River and is famous in Plutarch for the Victory of Sertorius against Pompey Denia Dianicum of Ptol. Strab. Plin. and Solin gives Title to the Marquess of Denia since Created Duke of Lerma Alicant is known by the good Wines which are Transported from thence Upon the Sea-shore at a place called Morvedra are to be seen the Ruins of the Antient Saguntum of Polyh the destruction whereof by Hannibal occasioned the second Punick War. A Town so faithful to the Romans that the Inhabitants chose rather to burn themselves than yield to Hannibal Founded by the Zachynthians Here is also the Promontory Ferraria of Mela. Artemisum Strab. Dianium Cic. Plin. Ptol. Puncia del Emperador or Attemuz teste Beuth. now Cabo Martin the refuge of Sertorius in his Wars against Metellus and Pompey Laurigi teste J. Mariana is the Lauro or Lauron of Plutarch the
Life Tragical his Death desperate After whose Death the Kingdom was divided into 2 parts half of it had the title of Ethnarch the other half divided into 2 Tetarchies Archelaus banished and dying in Exile his Ethnarchy was reduced into a Roman Province and the Government committed unto Pontius Pilate by Tiberius Caesar under whom our Saviour the Holy Jesus did suffer Death when the Jews cried out his Blood be upon Us and Ours A wish not long after effected with all fulness of Terror for the Calamities of the War inflicted by Gallus Vespasian and Titus exceed both Example and Description and destroyed about 110000 Thousand People The Land destroyed and on every Head an Annual Tribute imposed The Jews were quiet until the Reign of Adrian when again they raised new Commotions being headed by Berochab their counterfeit Messiah but Julius Severus Lieutenant to Adrian razed 50 of their strong holds and 985 Towns and slew five hundred and fourscore Thousand so that the Countries lay waste and the ruined Cities became an habitation for wild Beasts and the Captives were transported into Spain and from thence again exiled in the year 1500. In which Interval of time the Country inhabited by other People about the time of Constantine embraced the Christian Religion But in the Reign of Phocas the Persians overran the whole Country of Palestine inflicting unheard of Tortures on the patient Christians No sooner freed from that Yoak but they suffered under a greater by the execrable Saracens under the Conduct of Omar who were long after expulsed by the Turks then newly planted in Persia by Tangrolipix When the Christians of the West for the recovery of the Land set forth an Army of 300000 Godfry of Bologne the General who made thereof an absolute Conquest and was elected King of Jerusalem in the 89th year of that Kingdom and during the Reign of Guy the Christians were utterly driven out and destroyed by Saladine the Egyptian Sultan who held it until Selymus the first Emperor of the Turks in the year 1517 added the Holy Land together with Egypt unto the Ottoman Empire under whose power it now is governed by two Sanziacks under the Bassa of Damascus one residing at Jerusalem the other at Naplous It is now for the most part inhabited by Moors and Arabians those possessing the Vallies these the Mountains some few Turks many Greeks with other Christians of all Sects and Nations some Jews who inherit no part of the Land but live as Aliens in their own Country The Chorographical Division of Canaan This Land of Canaan within Jordan was divided into 5 principal Parts or Provinces vix 1st Jewry in the South where King Davids Throne was set and the Holy City built comprehending the two Tribes of Judah and Benjamin 2d Samaria in the midst the chief Seat of the 10 Tribes of Israel containing the Tribe of Ephraim and the half Tribe of Manasses 3d Galile in the North East where Christ Jesus was very conversant and was divided into the higher and the lower containing part of Asher all Napthali and part of Zebulun 4th Phaenicia on the North-West part of Canaan containing the Sea-coast of Asher and Zebulun 5th The Land of the Philistins upon the West of Canaan whose Country was allotted to Judah Dan and Simeon these were always great Enemies to the Israelites and from them was the whole Land called Palestine The Land of Canaan without Jordan possessed by the Amorites who had diven out the Moabites and Ammonites contained 3 principal parts 1st part of the Kingdom of Sihon King of the Amorites in Heshbon taken from the Moabites which was given to the Reubenites 2d The Land of Gilead which contained part of the Kingdom of Sihon taken from the Ammonites and part of the Kingdom of Og King of Bashan which was given to the Gadites 3d. The rest of the Kingdom of Og with half Gilead and the Region of Argob was given to the half Tribe of Manasses All which are delineated in the Map as also the Names of the Chief Cities and Towns in each Tribe Once a Country so fertile that it was called A Land flowing with Milk and Honey adorned with pleasant Mountains and luxurious Vallies neither scorched with Heat nor pinched with Cold. The Wealth and Power of it so Great the People Cities and Towns so Numerous that there was no Country in the World that could compare with it But now remains a fearful Monument of Divine Vengeance a sad and dismal Mirror for all other like sinful Countries to view their Destiny by Jerusalem though fallen from her ancient Lustre deserves still our Remembrance Once her Kings her Princes her Temple her Palaces were the Greatest the Richest the Fairest and most Magnificent in the World. Once a City Sacred and Glorious the Seat of Infinite Majesty the Theatre of Mysteries and Miracles the Diadem in the Circle of Crowns and the Glory of the Universe but now Icabod It was ruined by Nebuchadnezzar Vespasian and Titus utterly razed it and destroyed above Eleven hundred thousand People To describe this Country in all its Circumstances to speak of its Laws Religions its Divisions Wars and Alterations to write of all the various Transactions that have hapned in it would require a Volume of itself I shall therefore leave it to my aforesaid Description of this Part of the World where I shall give a more particular Geographical and Historical Relation of its Cities Towns and other memorable Transactions which will be a very useful and necessary Introduction into the Principia ' of ancient Geography and History Of ARMENIA MAJOR GEORGIA c. ARMENIA GEORGIA COMANIA By Rob t Morden ARmenia is divided by the River Euphrates into two parts Major and Minor. The greater Armenia is by the Turks call'd Turcomania by the Persians Thoura Emnoe or Aremnoe by the Nestorians Zelbecdibes by Sanson Curdistan by Cluver Papul and Curdi The ancient Inhabitants were the Mardi and Gordiaei now the Turcomans and Curdes The first are said to be descended from Turquestan in Tartary from whence came the Turks The later are descended from the ancient People of Assyria Ptolomy divided Armenia into four principal parts which contained 20 Provinces and 87 Cities Pliny accounted 120 Strategies Governments or particular Jurisdictions of every Province A Country much better known and more famous in ancient Time than now The Advantage of its Bounds the Nature of its Situation the Magnificence of some of its Kings among which Tygranes Son-in-law to Mithridates King of Pontus hath been the most Famous its Greatness Government and Riches much contributed to its Renown In this Country are the Heads of four Rivers Euphrates Tygris Phasis and Araxes Euphrates Perath Moses Frat Nicolaio Morot sou Turcis from one side of the Mountain Mingol falls this River which divides Armenia and Mesopotamia from Asia Minor Syria and Arabia descends into Chaldea where it waters the ancient Babylon and joins with Tygris somwhat below
though others pretend Bacchus to be the Founder of it and that from hence Nimrod and his Followers departed into the Vale Shynaâ— which lies between the Rivers of Iaxartes now Chesel and Oxus a Country of different soil and indifferent fertile but much augmented by the Industry of the Inhabitants who are the most ingenious of the Western Tartars lovers of Art and well skill'd in Manufactures and Trade The City of Sarmarchand the Marcanda of Ptol. Paracanda Strab. was both the Cradle and Grave to Tamerlan the Great who adorned it with an Academy as is also Bochar Bactria of old Bactra before that Zoroastes and Zoroaspa probably from Zoroaster their first King slain by Ninus A Town of great Trade where lived Avicen one of the most famous Philosophers and Physicians of the East there are also Balch and Badaschian on the Frontiers of Chorozan Sogdiana was a province subject to the Persians Here Cyrus built the old Cyroscata or Cyropolis which held out a long time and was almost fatal to the great Macedonian Conqueror but by him destroyed in revenge of so great a danger Not far from which that Infamous Regicide Bessus after his perfidious dealing with his Prince was apprehended and brought bound to Alexander who abhorring his sight ordered he should be delivered to Oxates the brother of Darius to be disposed of as he should think fit Here also was Alexandria Oxiana and Alexandria Ultima Tarquestan lies east from Usbeck and is subdivided into several Kingdoms of which the best known are Cascar or Hiachan Chialis or Turphan Chiartiam Cotam Thebet or Tenduc and Camul That of Cascar is the richest and is well stored with Rhubarbe That of Ciarthtam is the least and sandy but hath many Jaspers and other Stones Those of Cotam and Chialis have Corn Wine Flax and Hemp. Thebet or Tanguth is stored with Musk and Cinamon whose Kings were formerly called Un-Chan or Prester John a Title now erroneously conferred on the Abassine or Ethiopian Emperor in Africa for Presbyter John was chief of the Kingdom of Tanchut or Tanguth which the Tartars call Barantola the Sarazins Boratai and the Natives Lassa which is by the consent of all knowing persons seated in Asia next to the confines of the great Mogul amongst the Mountains of Caucasus and Imaus It was in the year 1248 when King Lewis was in the Island of Cyprus at Nicosia that Ambassadors from one of the Tartarian Princes whose Name was Ercalthay informed the King that the Great Cham of Tartary had about three years before been baptized having been converted by the Empress his Mother and Daughter of a King of the Indians She having always been a Christan and that their Master Prince Ercalthay who had also for a long time been a Christian was sent by the Great Cham with a potent Army against the Calife of Baldac an Enemy of the Christians The Name of Presbyter John denoteth some Christian Prince whose Dominions are placed by the consent of most knowing Persons not among the Ethiopians nor in any part of Africa as most suppose but in the Continent of Asia but in what part formerly 't was is not exactly known Some Authors say they were Kings of Cathay which is doubtful because 't is now discouered by modern Relations and Travels into those parts that all Cathy is but the Northern part of China But it is more than probable that besides that portion of Land there is another large part of the World conterminate on the north and west unto the Empire of China which in former Ages had the Name of Cathay and is the same with that of Thebet by some called Begargar c. as aforesaid which clearly appeareth by a Voyage of two Fathers from China to the Mogor who tell us that at Weâ—ala a Castle at the end of Barentola the Great Lama or Priest did then reside and gave an account of their Christian Religion And to me it seems further confirmed by a Journy made into the Western Tartary Anno 1683. By the Emperor of China we have this account of those People In all the Western Tartary there is nothing to be found but Mountains Rocks and Vallies there are neither Cities Towns or Villages nor Houses The Inhabitants lodge under Tents in the open Fields which they remove from one Valley to another according as they find pasture They pass their Life either in Hunting or doing nothing As they neither Plow nor Sow so they make no Harvest They live upon Milk Cheese and Flesh and have a sort of Wine not much unlike our Aqua-Vitae with which they are often drunk In short they care for nothing from morning to night but to drink and eat like the Beasts and Dâ—oves which they feed They are not without their Priests which they call Lamas for whom they have a singular veneration in which they differ from the Oriental Tartars the most part of whom have no Religion nor do they believe any God. This part of Tartary lies without the prodigious Wall of China for more than 300 Miles of which Wall saith our Author I can say without Hyperbolizing that the Seven Wonders of the World put together are not comparable to this Work. And all that Fame has spread concerning it among the Europeans is far short of what I myself have 〈◊〉 He also tells us that divers of the Petty Kings of the Western Tartary came from all sides for 300 Miles and some for 500 Miles together with their Wives and Children to salute the Emperor That this Country is divided into 48 Provinces and now tributary to the Emperor of China 〈…〉 which all Authors conâ—ound with a nonsuch Cathay 〈◊〉 divided into several parts of which I am able to say nothing in the way of Chorography nor much in History only I find that the King of Niulhan or Niuche called Xunchi conquered China at twelve years of Age with the Faithful assistance of his two Uncles a young Conqueror not only famous for his Success but also for the Moderation which he used to his newly subdued People And 't is certain that these Tartars know of no Cities or Towns beyond the wall of China therefore Cathay can be no other than the Northern part of China and Cambalu is Pekin and Quinzey answers to Hancheu The Northen Tartarie which is called the true ancient Tartarie is the coldest most untilled most barbarous and most unknown of all Some amongst them have their Kings others live by Hords or Commonalities As for their Names 't is easie to give what names Men please in parts wholly unknown But in the year 1682 the Emperor of China made a Voyage into the Eastern Tartary In this Journy saith the Father Verbiest who was the publisher of it we always went towards the North East from Pekin in all 1100 miles to the Province of Leao-tum the way being about 300 miles the Capital City whereof is Xin-Yam in the Latitude of 41 Degrees 56 Minutes a
Barbarians others are free people Of the Jews some are Natives others are Strangers divided they are into several Tribes Wealthy and Numerous but despised and abominated by the Turks and Moors The Caffers or Libertines hold many Athiestical Tenents live together without Ceremonies like our Familists or Adamites inhabiting from Mosambique all along the Coast beyond the Cape of Good Hope The Idolaters are numerous in Negroland in both the Aethiopia's and towards the Great Ocean The Mahumetans possess the greatest part of Africa Aegypt and most of the Coast or the Red Sea and almost all Barbary belongs to the Turk excepting the Kingdoms of Morocco and Fez which are govern'd by Kings of their own the Cities of the Pirates and some others upon the Coasts that belong to the Christians Aethiopia Nubia Congo and Monomotopa have their particular Kings There are also Arabian Cheiques in Belledulgerid and Sarra The Country of the Blacks is under several Petty Sovereigns whose Jurisdiction is bounded somtimes within the limits of a Town The Kings of England and Portugal and the Hollanders have several Ports upon the Sea-coast for the better accommodation of their Trade into the Inland Country The French also possess some places of Trade in Barbary Guiney and in the Island of Madagascar which they call the Dolphins Island The grand Master of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem is Lord of the Island of Maltha Of BARBARY West BARBARJE by Rob t Mordon East BARBARJE by Robt. Morden BY the Name of Barbary was that part of Africa known to the Ancients which we call Zanguebar whereas the modern Barbary lies all along upon the Mediterranean Sea being the best and best peopled Country of all Africa by reason of the convenience of Trade The Romans the Sarazens the Vandals the Arabians the Moors the Turks have been successively Lords thereof and have called the Cities by different Names But at this day a great part of it is under the Turk The Emperor of Fez and Morocco Rules the North-west part The Spaniards Portugals English and Dutch possess several places upon the Coast Susaon Constantine Couco Labes are little Kingdoms that lie in the Mountains Saly Tituan Algier Tunis and Tripoly belong to the Pirats the three last under the Protection of the Grand Signior who sends a Basha to each though they have but very little Authority The French hold the place called the Bastion of France and the Genoeses the Island Tabarque Barbary is inhabited by the Africans or Bereberes oftner called Moors There are also some Arabians who setled themselves there in the Year 999. They live in the open Field in Adouares or Commonalties compos'd of several Families which they call Baraques where they have an 100 or 200 Tents set up in a Round The Inhabitants are generally of a duskish or rather blackish Complexion naturally Ingenious and given to Arts and Literature studious in their Law very distrustful inconstant crafty malicious when angred very active good Horsemen of a stately gate costly in their Apparel and jealous of their Wives who are of a comely Body well featured of delicate soft Skins and in their Dress exceeding sumptuous The Language spoken at present in most of the Maritime Towns is the Arabick but in Fesse and Morocco the Punick or old African the ancient Language of the Country 'T is situate between 30 and 35 degrees of Northern Latitude the longest Summers day about 13 hours one quarter increased to 14 and one quarter in the most Northern parts it is extended in length from the Atlantick Ocean to Egypt in breadth from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlas Mountains Barbary comprehends several Kingdoms that contain Cities of the same Name Morocco Fez Telensen or Tremisen Algier Tunis Tripoly and Barca Of the Kingdom of Fez. A New Map of the Kingdoms of FEZ MAROCCO by R. Morden THis Country lies between the Mediterranean Sea and Morocco on the North and South and between the Ocean Atlantick and the Argierine Territories on the West and East and contains the ancient Mauritania Tingitania 'T is now divided into seven Parts or Provinces viz. Temesne Fez Azgar Habat Errife Garret and Chaus The chief places of the Province of Temesne are 1. Rabat Opinum olim Episcopalis Tingitanae built after the Model of Morocco with its Aqueduct 12 Miles long by King Mansor Anfa and Anafe on the Coast seated in a delightful Plain was once one of the most famous Cities of Africa for its Trade with the English and Portugals and for its Riches but being addicted to Piracy was the cause of its Ruine and of that of Almansor Muchatia on the Guer is now famous only for the Tomb of one of their Morabuts or Saints Adendum is noted for its many Iron Mines about it Tegaget for its store of Grains The Province of Fez lies between the Rivers of Suba Sabur teste Marm. Cast and Baragrag the Salu of Plin. Ptol. c. the Ornament of this Province nay of all Barbary is Fez which the Mahometans call The Court of the West about a degree from the Ocean and as much from the Mediterranean Sea Volubilis Tingitanae Ptol. Volubile Plin. teste Marmol 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Seldeni the fairest and best City of all Barbary but the Romantick Description by Heylin Blome c. is very different from our later Relations so that I can write nothing of it with certainty The City of Mahmora fell into the hands of the Portugals in 1515 but retaken by the King of Fez who there defeated 10000 Christians and got 60 pieces of Artillery taken again by the Spaniards 1614. and fortified having a good Port. Sally or Sale is the Salu Plin. Ptol. Sol. Sella Jo. Leoni Cela Marm. is composed of two Cities the Old and New its Fortress is on a rising Ground with an high Tower in its Castle is the magnificent Tomb of King Manson and others it hath a Trade with the English French Dutch and Genouese but 't is most enriched by its Piracies Michness between Sally and Fez is encompassed with Gardens of excellent Fruits as Pomegranates Citrons Oranges Lemmons Figs Olives Grapes c. Asgar or Azgar towards the Sea affords Fens and Marshes where they catch store of Eels And store of Forests whence they have Charcoal and Wood whose chief places were Elgiumha or Elgiuhma now only a Granary where the Arabs store up their Corn. Casar-Elcaber or Alcazar is a place of pleasure built by King Mansor famous for the Battel which Don Sebastian King of Portugal lost in 1578. fought near this place in which all three of the Competitors lost their Lives Don Sebastian was slain in the Field Muly Mahomet of Fez was drowned and Abdelmelech of Morocco the Conqueror died either with the labour and pains or with the sickness with which he was seized before the Battel and amongst several others of eminent Quality was that famous infamous English Rebel Stuckley slain Lharais or Larrach
yielding Fruits Wax Honey and Cattel It s chief City beareth the same Name and by Sanson is the Jol and Julia Caesaria of Plin. Strab. c. seated near to the Sea having a Castle and Palace formerly the abode of its Kings now of its Governours other places are Brisch alias Brexcar the Icosium of Plin. and Mela. Sans But Castal and Molet tell us Icosium is Acor Meliana is on the Mountains so is Beni Abucaed and Guanser the Zabacus of Ptol. which can raise two or three thousand Horse and fifteen or sixteen thousand Foot. Mostagan is the Cartenna of Mela. Ant. and Ptol. Marm. Mazzagran Cast Circilli Etrobio The Government of Algier comprehends likewise that of Couco in the Mountains Built on the top of a Rock whose Governors have often disputed their Liberty with the Deys of Algier These Mountains are two or three days Journey long and their Approaches difficult They yield Olives Grapes and especially Figs which is the Kings principal Revenue As also Iron and Salt-Peter the Plains afford Corn and Cattle The Inhabitants are Bereberes and Azuages well armed and couragious The Metropolis of this Province is Algier or Argier Incolis Gezier the Antient Jol built by King Juba afterwards the Julia Caesaria Plin. teste Marmol But Sanson will have Algier to be the Ruscurian of Plin. the Rusaccurran of Ant. the Rhusuccorae Ptol. But Marmol will have Ruscarar to be Garbele Castaldus will have Algier to be Saldâ—e of Plin. Ant. and Ptol. 'T is one of the richest and best inhabited Cities of all Africa by reason of the Pyracies of the Inhabitants upon the Ocean and Mediterranean It is said to contain fifteen thousand Houses and near as many Gardens round about it abounding with store of pleasant Fruits with their Fountains and other places of delight The Air about Algier is pleasant and temperate the Land hath excellent Fruits as Almonds Dates Olives Raisins Figs some Drugs c. The Plain of Mottia fifteen or sixteen Leagues long and eight or ten broad is so fertile that sometimes it yields an hundred for one and bears twice a year But most of the Inhabitants live by their Pyracy which doth so much enrich the place that Cardinal Ximenes was wont to say That they that could take Argier would find Mony enough in that Town to Conquer all Africa Among the Tombs without the City is remarkable that of the fairest Cava Daughter of Count Julian of Bettica who having been ravished by Rodoric King of the Goths was the cause of the Moors descent into Spain The Emperor Charles the Fifth lost before Argier the fairest Navy he ever had in his life The City of Temendfust or Mansora is about six Leagues from Algier the Iomnium Municipium of Ptol. the Lamnium Ant. teste Sans or Caffen teste Mol. Teddeles or Taddeles twenty Leagues from Algier is the Rusipisis teste Sans Saldae Merc. Cercelle or Sarcelle near Albatel or Sargel is the Rusicibar Ptol. the Rusubiticari Ant. teste Baud. Couco is a separate Kingdom in the Mountains of so difficult access and so strong that it maintains its Liberty said to be the Tubusuptus Ptol. teste Baud. The Province of Bugia lies between the Rivers Major and Sufgemar or Suffegmar the Ampsaga of Mela and Ptol. teste Marmol And hath for its chief City Bugia a large City adorned with many sumptuous Mosques s me Monasteries and Colleges for Students in the Mahometan Law and Hospitals for the Relief of the Poor guarded with a very strong Castle The Igiâ—gili Castal Tabaâ—ra or Tabraca Fazellâ— Baldae M l. Marmol aliis Lubâ—z makes a separate Estate above Bugia and consists only in Mountains of so difficult access that they are scarce forced to pay Tribute Calaa is the Chief Fortress and Residence of their Zâ—que or King. Tâ—zli and Caco de Teleâ—ta are at the foot of the Mountains Necaus is the most pleasant place of all Barbary every House hath its Garden and every Garden is so embellished with Flowers Vines Fruits and Fountains that it seems a Terrestrial Paradise The Baga and Bagaia Divo Augustino Lib. Conc. Vaga Ptol. and Sil. Vaganse Op. Plin. teste Marmol and Vagal Ant. The Province of Constantina hath sometime had its Kings This Province is divided into three Parts or Quarters viz. that of Constantina Bona and Tebessa Constantina which the Moors or Arabians call Cosantina the Antients Cirtha or Cirta Julia which in Roman History was the Residence of many Kings of Numidia as Massinissa and Syphax This Cirta was besieged and taken by Massinissa where Sophonisba the Daughter of Asdrubal Syphax's Queen was who had so many Attractions and Charms that in the same day she was Captive and Wife to Massinissa who that she might not be led in Triumph through Rome poysoned her self It s situation on a Mountain which hath but two Avenues the rest being Precipices makes it strong Bona is the Antient Hippo regius the Bishop's See of St. Augustine ab Africanis Bened Vgneb teste Marmol Vaga Silio Aliis Biserta Vecchia Razamilara teste Baud. Tebessa the Ancient Thereste is said to excel all other Cities in Barbary in three things in the force of its Walls beauty of its Fountains and great number of its Walnut-trees Collo is the Collops Magnus of Ptol. Mabra is the Aphrodium Colonia teste Mol. Castal Stora is the Rusicada of Plin. Ptol. and Mela teste Mol. and Marm. The Genovese have a Fortress in the Isle Tabarca And the French a Bastion between the Isle Tabarca and Magazin called Bastion de France for the security of their Fishing and Commerce These two Provinces of Bugia and Constantina contain the Numidia propria of the Ancients Guzuntina incolis teste Marmol A Country which hath suffered great Changes under the Romans Vandals Moors and afterwards by Barbarossa Of TVNIS THE Kingdom of Tunis was the Native Country of Amilcar Hannibal Asdrubal Mago and Massinissa And Christianism also is beholden to it for the birth of St. Augustine Tertullian St. Cyprian Lactantius Fulgentius The Kingdom of Tunis is divided into four Maritim Governments and three or four Inland ones The Maritim are Biserta Goletta Sousa and Africa The Inland ones are Beija Vrbs Cayroan to which some add a part of Billedulgerid and contains the Africa propria of Old In qua Punica Regna vides Tyrios Agenoris urbem Virg. Lib. 1. Aeneidos The Libyphaenices Liv. Libophaenices Plin. Libophaenicia apud Salustium This City grew from the Ruins of Carthage once formerly Romes great Rivaless and the Capital City of a large Territory first built by Dido Anno Mundi 3070 about an hundred forty and three years before Rome and two hundred and ninety years from the destruction of Troy. Tunis is now one of the fairest Cities in Barbary a place of great Traffick and much frequented affording several good Commodities viz. Saffron Wax Oyl raw and salted Hides hard Soap Variety of Fruits Wool
The last Kings of Tombote were reported to have great store of Gold in Bars and Ingots The Kingdom of Guâ—lâ—ta affords Millet Genehâ—a is rich in Cotton In that of Agades stands a City indifferently well built Borno formerly the Country oâ— the Garamanâ—es is inhabited by a People that have all things in common every particular person acknowledging them for his Children which are most like 'em the most flat nos'd being acconuted the most beautiful They of Senega trade in Slaves Gold-dust Hides Gums and Civets The Negro's there are very strong and therefore bear a better price those of Guiny are good but not so strong for which reason they are usua ly put to work within doors 'T is the Proverb That he that would have good service from a Negro must give him little Meat keep him to hard Labor and beat him often To the South of Niger lie several little Kingdoms that of Melli with a City containing six thousand Houses Gago abounding in Gold. Zâ—â—râ—g considerable for its â—rade Zâ—nfara fertile in Corn. To reckon any more of their Towns would be as tedious as unnecessary as being neither well peopl'd nor of any Trade And indeed all these Kingdoms and People are so little known that 't is not worth the time and pains to speak more of them I shall only say That the Arabian Geographer tells Wonders of Ghana or Cano of its Greatness Riches and Trade of its King Government Palace c. But how far to be credited must be left to those who have been in those parts the Portugals and Hollanders having been the chief Traders on these Coasts Of GVINY Giny is a long Coast of Land contained between the Cape of Sirra Leone on the West and the River Camerones on the East containing about seven or eight hundred Leagues in length and not above one hundred or one hundred and fifty in breadth It is divided into three principal Parts called Maleguete Guiny and Benin Under the Name of Malaguete is contained all that Land between the Capes of Sirra Leona and Palmâ—s and is so called from the abundance of Mâ—leguete a sort of Spice like Pepper but much stronger than that of India and of their Palm-trees they make Wine as strong as the best of ours Guiny extends from Cape Palmas to the River Voltas it is the largest and best known of all the three Parts its Coast from Cape Palmas to Cape three Punctas is called the Ivory Coast that which is beyond it is called the Cold Coast where are the Kingdoms of Sabou Foetu Accara and others The Kingdom of Benin which is the third Part hath more than two hundred and fifty Leagues in length Cape Formosa dividing it into two parts its principal City so called is esteemed the greatest and best built of any in Guiny the King thereof is said to keep five or six hundred Wives The whole Coast of Guiny is subject to such excessive heats that were it not for the Rains and the coolness of the Nights it would be altogether unhabitable It furnishes other Countries with Parrats Apes White Salt Elephants Teeth Hides Cotton Wax Ambergreefe Gold and Slaves The Natives are reputed to be presumptuous Thieves Idolaters and ver superstitious keeping their Festisoes day or Sabbath on the Thursday there is Saint George of the Mine built by the Portugals but now in the possession of the Hollander as also the Ports Nassau Cormentin and Axima To the English among others belongs Cape Corse and to the Danes Frederic's burgh The best City that belongs to the Negro's is Ardra toward the Coast in Benin 〈…〉 Govern'd by a King who sent an Embassador to Paris toward the end of the year 1670 for the settlement of a Trade The Baboons in Guiny do the Natives very great pieces of service For they fetch Water turn the Spit and wait at Table c. Nubia is three hundred Leagues in length and two hundred in breadth It preserves some remains of Christianism in the old Churches and in their Ceremonies of Baptism The Nubians are under a King who always keeps a Body of Horse upon the Frontiers of his Kingdom as having potent Enemies to his Neighbours the Abâ—ssius and Turkish Historians credibly relates that an Army of one hundred thousand Horse was rais'd and lead against one of the Governors of Egypt by a King of Nubia Out of this Country the Merchants export Gold Civet Sandal-wood Ivory Arms and Cloath The Nubians trade chiefly with the Egyptians of Caire and other Cities of that Country They have a subtile and penetrating Poyson an ounce whereof is valued at a hundred Ducats Insomuch that one of the principal Revenues of the King is in the Duties which he receives for the Exportation of this Poyson They sell it to strangers upon condition they shall not make use of it within the Kingdom There grow Sugar-Canes in the Country but the Natives know not what to do with them There are among them a sort of Bereberes of the Musselman Religion who travel in Troops to Cairo where they put themselves into service and return again as soon as they have got ten or twelve Piasters together The Capital Cities are Nubia and Dancala near to Nile The rest so little known that it suffices to see their names in the Maps A Relation made in the year 16 7 tell us That the King of Dancala pays a Tribute in Linen Cloath to the King of the Abyssius Geography is in some measure beholding to this Country as being the place that gave birth to that famous Nubian Geographer Of ETHIOPIA Or HABESSINIA HABESSINIA Seu ABASSIA at ETHIOPIA By R. Morden So little of Truth hath been communicated to this part of the World concerning Ethiopia that having met with the Ethiopick History of Job Ludolfus which is the most exact Account extant I have been the larger in taking an Abstract of it 'T is seated as this Author tells us in Africa above Egypt beyond Nubia between the eighth and sixteenth Degree of North Latitude contrary to all our Maps extant which extends it self to the fourteenth or fifteenth Degree South Latitude So that the length of it from North to South is not more than four hundred and eighty Miles of sixty to a Degree but according to the old Maps it was more than one thousand eight hundred of the same Miles and the length of it is about six hundred Miles from the Red-Sea at the Port of Bailleur to the River Nilus at the farthest limits of Dembea Towards the North it joyns to the Kingdom of Fund or Sennar by the Portugals Fungi a part of the antient Nubia towards the Fast it was formerly bounded by the Red-Sea But now the Turks are Masters of Arkiko the Island Matzua and all that Coast only the Prince of Dancale who commands the Port of Baylur is a Friend to the Abessines But the King of Adel a Mahumetan upon the straits of Bab-elman dab the Dreadful Mouth
there is little or no Rain there are few or no Fountains and that where there is much they abound He tells us that Nilus which for the length of its Course the abundance of its Waters its sweetness wholsomness and fertility exceeds all the Rivers of the World owes its rise to the Kingdom of Gojam in Habâ—ssinia found out by the Travels of the Portugals and by the sedulity of the Fathers which was so long and unsuccessfully sought for by the Antients and Kircher hath described them from the relation of P ter Pays who saw them himself which differs not much from what Gregory an Ethiopian hath written of it viz. That it hath five Heads that it encircles Gojam and passing by several Kingdoms of Habassia reviews the Kingdom of Senna and travels to the Country of Dengala Thence it turns to the right hand and comes to a Country called Abaim before it arives in Nubia where by reason of Clifts and Rocks its Stream is divided into two Branches one running South to drench the thirsty Fields of Egypt the other West to quench the drowth of those Sands in the Country of the Negrites It is called in the Scripture Shibber from its darkness because it carries Waters troubled with Mud from the Fields of Ethiopia and by the Greeks for the same reason 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Habessines Abawi in their vulgar Language but in the Ethiopick Gejon or Gewon from a mistake of the Greek Gâ—on and Hebrew Gebon He says the antient Geographers tâ—ought it to take its rise beyond the Equinoctial in I know not what Mountains of the Moon thinking it might receive its increase by the Winter Rains of those Regions For they could not persuade themselves that the Sun being in the Northern Signs there could be Winter and Rain enough so near to raise so great a River from them After it has past about forty Leagues from its source which is in an elevated but trembling and moorish Ground it enters a vast Lake in Dembeâ— and passes it without mixing its Waters as the Rhâ—â—e does the Lake Lemanus and the Rhine Aeronius The cause of the Inundation of Nile is from the great Rains falling in many Regions of the Torrid-Zone upon the Suns retiring back into the Winter Signs It has been the opinion of some that it has been formerly in the power of the King of the Habessines to divert Nilus from its course into Egypt and to drive it into the Red-Sea there being at a certain place an absolute fall of Land to convey it thither only one Mountain being cut through though now that place where it could be diverted is possest by others He mentions another River in Ethiopia called Hawas which passing a great way from its Source sinks at length into the Sands never going to the Sea as other Rivers do Also that the Rivers Melegi and Tacazae abounding with Crocodiles fall into the Nilus That the River Mareb rising in Tygrâ— encompassing great part of the Kingdom hides its self under ground and then rises and after a continued course it disperses and leaves its divided Waters in the Sands of Dequin The Soyl is so fertile that in some places they sow and have Crops twice and in others thrice a Summer They make Bread of a sort of Corn called Tâ—f thought to be the same with our Rye though they have Wheat Barley c. They make no Winter Provisions for Cattle the Soyl yielding always Herbage enough nor lay up any stores for other years for themselves confiding in the fertility of their Soyl for their Fields are always pleasant and always smiling with a Flowry Grace He says they have an Herb called Assazoe which by its touch or even shadow so stupifies all Serpents and venemous Creatures that you may handle them without offence and that he who has eaten the Root of it is secured from them for many years And he is of opinion that the Psylli of Africa had the Virtue of curing the bitings of Serpents by the touch through the use of this Herb. The Amadmagda that cures broken and disjoynted Bones as the Ossifraga of Norway snâ—ps the Bones of Cattle that tread upon it They have a Tree called â—uâ—ets resembling the Indian Fig tree which is four yards thick if shrowded it sprouts forth with a world of young Shoots which are all good Food so that this Tree need not bear any Fruit being indeed all Fruit if sliced and boiled it assuages thirst He tells us that by reason of the plenty of Herbage and the heat of the Climate Quadrupedes and 〈◊〉 are much bigger in Ethiopia and India than with us They have strong and excellent Horses but never shoe them nor use them but in War employing Mules in all their drudgâ—ry They have the known sort of Sheep with great Tails of which some weigh above forty pounds They have multitudes of Elephants but never use them To say they have Lyons Tygers Panthers Wolves Hyaena's Camel Panthers higher than Elephants c. it 's no more than other Countries yield But he says they have a Beast called Zecora or Zembra exceeding in beauty all Quadrupeds it is about the bigness of a Mule and naturally gentle his Body is all encompast with interchangeable Circles of Black and of a lively Ash colour and this with such an Elegancy and Order that they surpass the Art of the best Painter to imitate them His Ears only are a little disproportionate being too long One of them was sold by the Basha of Bâ—â—quena for two thousand Venetian pieces for a present to the Great Mogul They have thousands of Apes feeding chiefly on Worms which they find under Stones Hence in the Mountains where they use you will scarce find a Stone unturned be it never so grâ—at for if two or three cannot move it they call more aiâ— They eat also Ants and sometimes devour whole Fields of Fruit. They have also an innocent and very pleasant Animal being a sort of little Monkey of which there is an elegant Ethiopick Rhime in Latin thus Hominem non laedo frumentum non edo oderunt me frustra It is of a various colour full of greyish specks They are extreme tender so that unless they are cloathed and kept warm they cannot be brought to us He tells us also of some that have seen the fam'd Unicorn there an Animal of the form and size of a midling Horse of a bright Bay Colour with a black Mane and Tail and with a fair Horn in his Forehead five Palms in length being somewhat whitish For Water and Amphibious Animals he says they have the Hippopotamus thought to be the Behemoth in Job and the Sea-Horse of the Greeks the Crocodile the Water-Lizard and amongst others the Torpedo with which they cure Tertian and Quarian Agues The way is thus They bind the Patient fast on a Table and then apply the Torpedo to his Joints which causes a very cruel torture in all his
their first and more wonted name of Irish The first Onset it received by way of Invasion was by the Saxon Monarchs who made themselves Masters of some places but could not long continue in possession of them The next that in Hostile manner Visited it were the Northern Nations Danes Swedes and Normans who scowring along the Sea-coasts by way of Piracy and afterwards finding the weakness of the Island made an Absolute Conquest of it under the Conduct of one Tungâ—sus but were soon routed out by the Policy of the King of Meath After this the petty Princes enjoyed their former Dominions till the Year 1172 at what time the King of Leinster having forced the Wife of the King of Meath was driven by him out of this Kingdom who applying himself to Henry the Second of England for uccour received Aid under the Leading of Richard de Clare Sirnamed Strongbow Earl of Pembroke by whose good Success and the Kings presence the pâ—tty Kings or great Lords submitted themselves promising to pay him Tribute and acknowledg him their Chief and Sovereign Lord. But as the Conquest was but slight and superficial so the Irish submissions were but weak and fickle Assurances to hold in Obedience so considerable a Kingdom though the Charter was confirmed by Pope Hadrian So that it was not till the latter end of Queen Elizabeth's Reign that the same was wholly subjugated and the Foundation laid of a lasting Peace with Ireland which soon after was very far proceeded in by King James and fully perfected according to all Humane appearance by our Gracious Sovereign King Charles the Second So that now Ireland is a Flourishing Island Civil in its self and a good additional strength to the British Empire Ireland called by the Latins Hibernia by the Greeks Irnia by Pomponius and Sâ—linus called Juverna by Ptolomy Juernia by Orpheus Aristotle Strabâ— Stephanus and Claudianus Jerna by Eustathius Vernia by Diodorus Irim by the Welsh Yverdhon by the Inhabitants Eryn Irlandt Germanis Irlanda Italis Irlande Gallis Is in length 300 and in breadth 130 miles about half as big as England and was Anciently Divided into five Provinces each one a Kingdom in its self viz. 1. Leinster 2. Meath 3. Vlster 4. Connaught And 5. Munster But now the Province of Meath is reckoned for a Member or part of Leinster These four Provinces compose that Kingdom as beautiful and sweet a Country as any under Heaven being stored with many goodly Rivers Replenished with abundance of all sorts of Fish sprinkled with brave Islands and goodly Lakes adorned with goodly Woods full of very good Forts and Havens The Soil most Fertile and the Heavens most mild and temperate but not so clear and subtil as the Air in England and therefore not so favourable for the Ripening of Corn and Fruits as to the Grass for all kind of Cattel And in the Winter more subject to Wind Clouds and Rain than Snow or Frost It is an Island of great strength as well by Nature as Art by reason of its Situation in such dangerous Seas and the several Fortificaons and Castles that the English have built since they were Masters of it It s chief Rivers are the spacious Shannon the rolling Liffie the sandy Slany the pleasant Boyne the Fishy Banne swift Awiduffe or Blackwater sad Trowis wide Mayre now Bantry Bay the Woody Barrow the spreading Lee the Baleful Oure or Shoure Besides these Rivers there are several Lakes of which Lough Erne is the greatest being about 30 miles in length and 15 in breadth and this as all other of its Lakes are well stored with Fish The Irish have had the Character of being Religious by which perhaps some understand Superstitious Amorous Patient of Labour Excellent Horsemen and the meaner sort extreamly Barbarous till Civilized by the Neighbourhood and intermixture of the English yet still the wild Irish retain several of their absurd and ridiculous Customs accounting ease and idleness their greatest liberty and riches The Ecclesiastical Government of Ireland is committed to the care of four Arch-Bishops under whom are 19 Suffragan-Bishops The Temporal Government is now by one Supreme Officer sent over by the King of England who is called the Lord Lieutenant or Lord Deputy of Ireland who for Majesty State and Power is not inferiour to any Vice-Roy in Europe The present Lord Deputy is the Earl of Tyrconnel Their Laws are correspondent with those of England and they have their several Courts of Justice as Chancery Common-Pleas Kings-Bench Exchequer Courts of Parliament and Justices of the Peace in every County The Commodities of this Island are Cattel Hides Tallow Butter Cheese Honey Wax Furs Salt Hemp Linnen Cloth Pipe-staves VVool of which they make Cloth and several Manufactures as Freezes Ruggs Mantles c. Its Seas yield great plenty of C d-fish Herrings Pilchers and other Fish The Bowels of the Earth afford Mines of Lead Tin and Iron The Province of Leinster by the Natives called Leighingh contains the Counties of Kilkenny Caterlough Queens-County Kings-County Kildare East-Meath VVest-Meath VVestford VVicklo and Dublin in which are comprehended 926 Parishes whereof 47 are Towns of Note 102 Castles well Fortified by the English Vlster being the largest Province of all Ireland called by the Irish Cui Guilly is divided into the Counties of 1. Lough 2. Cavan 3. Fermanagh 4. Down 5. Monaghan 6. Armagh 7. Colvane 8. Dunnaâ—l or Tyrcâ—nnel 9. Tir-Oen And 10. Antrim In which are comprehended 214 Parishes whereof 14 are Towns of Note for Commerce and Traffique and 30 Castles for defence of the Country Connaught by the Irish Conaughly is divided into these five Shires or Counties 1. Iâ—trim 2. Roscommon 3. Majo 4. Mego 5. Galloway 6. Thomond or Clare-Country in which are comprehended but eight Towns of any consequence for Commerce and Traffique and a-about 24 Cas les of old Erection besides Fortresses as have been raised in its later Troubles the whole contains 366 Parishes Munster is now distinguished into the Counties of 1. Limâ—rick 2. Kery 3. Cork 4. VVaterford 5. Tipperary And in these Counties are comprehended 24 Towns of Note and Trading 66 Castles of old Erection including in the whole 80 Parishes It s chief places are 1. Dublin a City Rich and Populous as being the Metropolis of all the Island the Seat of the Lord-Deputy an Arch-Bishops See and an University Adorned with many fair Buildings viz. the Castle the Cathedral the Church the Arch-Bishops Palace the Collegiate Church called Christ-Church the Town-Hall the Colledg c. 2. VVaterford the chief City of Munster on the River Shoâ—r a well Traded Port a Bishops See and the second City of the Kingdom endowed with many ample Priviledges Being safe and commodiously seated for the Use of Shipping for though a good distance from the Sea yet Ships of the greatest Burthen may safely Sail to and ride at Anchor before the Key and also for the conveniency of sending Commodities in smaller Vessels to several Towns in
overflow the Land where they catch plenty of Fish and the mud inriches the Soil It s chief Towns are Schleswyck Slesuicum Heideba teste Crantzio an Episcopal See and Head of the Dukedom Seated on the River Slea which falls into the Baltick Sea where it hath a commodious Haven 2. Husum Seated on the River Eyder Fortified with a Castle 3. Haders-leben Fortified with the Strong Castle Hansberg 4. Flensberg with its commodious and deep Port. Between Flensberg and Sleswick is a Country that goes by the name of Angelen from whence England had its first denomination ever since King Egbert 5. The Port of Christian-pries now Fortified by the Fort Frederick 6. Gortop a trong Fort or Castle the Residence of the Duke of Holstein 7. Frederick-stadt upon the Eyder built by one of the late Dukes intending to have set up a Trade of Silk there to which purpose in the year 1633 he sent a splendid Embassie into Muscovy and Persia whose Travails are described by Olearius Of North-Juitland NOrth-Juitland is divided into four Diocesses Ripen Arthusen Albourg and Wibourg The Diocess of Ripen contains seven Walled Towns and ten Castles its chief places are Ripen an Episcopal Sea Fortified with a Castle 2. Kolding the place where Toll is paid for the Cattel that passes that way 3. Frederick Ode or Frederica lies in a situation of that importance that Charles Gustavus having taken it in the late Wars 1657 opened himself a way to pass his Army over the Ice into all the Neighbouring Islands and to alarum Copenhagen an Action both bold and unheard of for he marched his Cavalry and his Carriages over a great Arm of the Sea where before a single footman was afraid to expose his life The Diocess of Artbusia or Arthusen contains seven Cities and five Castles its chief places are Arthusen a well frequented Port. Kalla a Strong place Horsens and Renderen The Diocess of Aelbourg Aelburgum hath for its chief places Albourg at the mouth of Limford-Bay Nicoping Hirring Wansyssel Thysted and Scagen or the Scaw the northermost part of Juitland The Diocess of Wibourg hath three Castles and three Walled Towns the chief is Wibourg where are the Courts of Judicature for all Juitland The chief Islands belonging to Denmark that lie dispersed in the Baltick See are Zeland Fionia or Funen Alsen Arroe or Aria Langland Laland Falster Mone Huen or Ween-Island and Bornholm Of the Baltick Sea. THIS is the Sinus Codanus of the Ancients otherwise called Sucvicum Mâ—re seu Balticum Die Bâ—lth or Oostzee Belgis La Mar Baltique Gallis Warezkovie More Russis It hath three several passages into it from the Ocean all of them under the command of the King of Denmark the safest and most usual is that famous Strait called the Frâ—tum Sundicum Le Sund Gallis Straet Van Sund. Batavis Oresund Danis The Sound Anglis So great a passage that there often sails 200 sometimes 300 Ships through in one day and is not above four miles over in the narrowest place The second passage or Inlet lies between the Islands of Zeland and Funen and is about 16 miles over and is called Bâ—ltsound or the great Belt. The third passage is between Funen and Jutland not above eight miles over and is called the lesser Belt. Of Zeland ZEland of old Codanonia the greatest Island of the Baltick Seas is situate near the Main Land of Schonen from which 't is separated by a narrow Streight abou four miles over which is called the Sound through which all Ships must pass that have any Trade or Commerce in these Seas and pay a Toll or Imposition to the King according to their bigness or Bills of Lading by which ariseth his greatest Revenue And for the security of this passage there are built two very strong Castles the one in this Isle called Cronenburg the most delightful Seat in the World affording a profitable and pleasant Prospect of all Ships that Sail through the Sound the other in Schonen or Scandia called Elsenburg In the Reign of Queen Elizabeth our Eastland-Fleet was by the King of Denmark threatened to be sunk in case they passed this Sound or Straits of Elsenour yet they made the Adventure having only one Man of War viz. the Minion and kept their course maugre all opposition without any wound received forwards and back again The chief City of this Island is Haphnia Kiobenhaven Danis Koppenhagen Ger. Kopenhaven Belg. Copenhage Gal. Copenhagen Angl. the Met opolis of the whole Kingdom sometime the Residence of the King a University Seated near the Sea with a good Port and safe Road for Ships Fortified with a Strong Castle containing one of the Fairest Arsenals in Europe wherein is a Celestial Globe six foot Diameter Christiern the Fourth having laid the foundation of a New City in the little Island of Armager joyned it to the old by a Bridg and called it by the Name of Christierns Haven so that now it is divided into two parts in the New Town is the Royal Castle the Mint the Exchange and the Arsenal before mentioned This City was taken by Frederick Anno 1522 and in the year 1536 after a years Siege it was surrendred to Christiern the 3d. The Citizens now enjoy the greatest priviledg of any City in Europe Roschildt is the Burying place of the Danish Kings Elsenour is near to the strong Castle and Palace of Cronenberg the Fortifications whereof was and is the Key of the Baltick Sea enlarged into the Sea with incredible charge and pains by Frederick the 2d The Surrender of this Castle to the Swedes by a Stratagem Sept. the sixth 1658 was like to have lost Copenhagen and consequently the whole Kingdom Fredericksberg is a Fortress built in a pleasant Plain oftentimes the place of the Kings retirement but most famous for that solemn Interview and Entertainment that happened between the late Kings of Sweden and Denmark upon the Conclusion and Ratification of the Roschildt Treaty Other places are Kallenburg Rinstead Koge Korsoer is the place where K. Charles of Sweden landed his Army in his Second Expedition against Denmark Aug. 8. 1658 five Months after the aforesaid Interview of the two Kings at Frederixburg Nestwood Waringburg was the first place where the King of Sweden set his Foot in Zeland in his first Expedition In this Island are reckoned 340 Villages The Island of Fionia or Funen is the assignment of the Prince of Denmark 't is Seated between Zeland and Juitland separated from the first by a narrow passage called the Belt from the last by a narrower called Midle-far-sound 'T is a fertile Soil and pleasant situation It s chief place is the well Traded Odensee an Episcopal See formerly the Seat of the General Assemblies of the Kingdom now kept at Copenhagen adorned with two fair Churches and neat buildings near this place Count Guldenlew the Vice-roy of Norway was overtaken in his Coach by Charles King of Sweden in his first Expedition Other Towns are
said but towards the Sea generally fertile and full of Pasturage The Principal Rivers of the 17 Provinces are the Rhine the Meuse and the Scheld The Rhine rises in Switzerland running chiefly through Germany After it has divided it self at Fort Schenk as it enters into the Low-Countries it mixes with several other Rivers and loseth its Name in the Sand a little below Leyden in Holland The Meuse which falls out of France and Lorrain has this Advantage above the Rhine that she retains her Name and preserves her Waters unmix'd till she fall into the Ocean where she makes several good Ports The Scheld was formerly the Limits between France and the Empire in the time of Charles the Bald. At Gaunt the Lis a Navigable River falls into it and before it wholly loseth its Name it divides it self into two principal Arms of which the Left which they call the Hout and the Right which flows to Tolen falls into the Meuse Besides these Rivers and those that fall into them there are Cuts Channels and Marshes which serve the Inhabitants both for Traffique and Defence Of France FRANCE FRance Anglis Francia Italis Hispanis Franckreich Germanis Alfrangua Turcis Gallia Caes Plin. c. The first Inhabitants of France were the Ancient Gauls who passing the Alps under the Conduct of Bellovesus Conquered the nearest parts of Italy called Gallia Cisalpina and under that of Segovesus over-ran the greatest part of Germany The same Nation under the Command of Brennus discomfited the Romans at the River Allia sacked the City and Besieged the Capitol These were the Men who ransacked Illyricum Pannonia Thrace and Greece and Plundered the Temple of Delphos But at last were totally subdued by Julius Caesar but not without much difficulty for they did not then sell their Liberty at so cheap a rate as other Nations did 1192000 of them being slain before they would submit to the Roman Yoak by whom the Country was divided into four parts viz. Narbonensis or Bracata containing Languedoc Dolphin and part of Savoy 2. Aquitanica from the City Aqua Augusta now D' Acque comprehending Gascoign Guienne Saintonge Limosin Querci Perigort Berry Bourbonnois and Aurergne 3. Celtica containing the Provinces of Bretagne Normandy Anjou Tourain Maine La Beause the Isle of France part of Champagne the Dukedom of Burgundy and the County of Lionoise 4. Belgica containing Picardy the remainder of Champagne Burgundy and the Spanish Netherlands Long it stood not in this state for about the year 400 Honorius being Emperour the Goths having over-run Spain and Italy sent part of their Forces and subdued Gallia Narbonensis calling it Langue de Goth afterwards corruptly Languedoc Then extending their Conquest unto the River Ligeris now Loire they founded a Kingdom the principal Seat whereof was at Tholouse About the same time the Burgundiones or Burgundians a people that Inhabited part of the Country of the Cassubii and part of the Country of the Marquisate of Brandenburg together with the Vandalls and Sueths seized upon other parts of France and constituted a Kingdom called Burgundy comprehending both the County and Dutchy of Burgundy the County of Lionoise Daulphine Savoy and Provence whose chief City was Arelate now Arles About the same time also the Franks a German Nation having passed the Rhine seized upon the adjacent Territories of France where founding a Monarchy under their first King Pharamond al. Waramond gave it the Name of France France lies excellently compact together between the most Flourishing States of Christendom and in the middle of the Northern Temperate Zone where the Inhabitants breathe a most serene and healthy Air. In short it is Rich Fertile and well Peopled there being reckoned in it about 4000 good Towns and Cities It s Length from Calais to Toulon is about 620 miles 73 to a degree the Breadth from Brest to the Borders of Lorrain or from Baione to Nice in Piedmont is not more than 492 miles I well know all other Authors falsely makes it much more Most of her Cities are equal to Provinces and most of her Provinces are equal to Kingdoms Her Corn her Wine her Salt her Linnen Cloth her Paper and several Manufactures inrich the Inhabitants The Limits and Bounds of this Kingdom have been various at present saith a French Geographer the Kings Conquests cannot be bounded dâ—dâ— not by the Rhine nor by the Ocean nor by the Pyreneans nor by the Alps. And those that are not altogether strangers to the world will acknowledg that of all the Kingdoms of Europe there are none but may be said to be inferior to France in some respect or other The greatness of its Territories the populousness of iâ— the number of their Nobility and Gentry their natural Courage with the advantage of their Military Actions and Warlike Exercises the Situation of their Country the fruitfulness and riches of the Soil the prodigious quantity of all Commodities and Manufactures and the great Revenues of their Kings These Advantages have in all Ages raised in them aspiring thoughts of the Erection of a new Western Empire And how far this present King has gone by his Acquisitions of late years the rest of the Princes of Europe may consider of The Kingdom is Hereditary and by an Ancient Constitution as they pretend called the Salique Law never falls into a Female Succession And by the Law of Apennages the younger Sons of the King cannot have partage with the Elder The King 's Eldest Son is called the Dauphin The Monarchy which has stood ever since the year 420 hath been upheld by the three Royal Races of Marovinian Carolinian and Capetine in a Line of 65 Kings Pepin the short Son of Charles Martel deposed Childerick the last of the Merovignian Line the Pope approving and confirming of it About the 918 Hugh Capet Earl of Paris outed the Caroline Family Since this Capetine Race has gone in three Families first in a direct Line till 1328. then in the House of Valois till Henry the Fourth of the House of Bourbon Anno 1589. Among other Titles the King hath that of Most Christian and Eldest Son of the Church bestowed upon him by the Pope The Arms have been Three Flower-de-luces Azure in a Field Or ever since Charles the Sixth The Christian Religion was here first planted by Martialis among the Gauls but among the French by Remigius in the time of Clovis the Great At present the people are divided some following the Roman others the Reformed Religion which have occasioned two several Massacres viz. that of Merindol and Chabrieres 1545. upon the Borders of France and Savoy the other that at Paris 1572. and now this late Persecution The Kingdom is composed of three Orders or Estates the Clergy the Nobility and Commons There are 16 Arch-Bishops 106 Bishops besides those of Arras Tournay and Perpignan 16 Abbats Heads of Orders or Congregations about 50000 Curateships besides many other Ecclesiastical Dignities Several general and particular Governments 12 Ancient
is Dignified with the Ordinary Residence of the King its Chief Ornaments are the Palace of the Louvre so much fam'd abroad The Palaces of the Nobility viz. That of Luxemburg its Palace Royal its Church of Nostredame its University containing five Colleges the Halls of Justice the Courts of Parliament The English held it for 16 years and there Crowned King Henry the Fifth King of France In this Province about three miles from Paris is seated St. Dennis famous for the Sepulchres of the French Kings The Beautiful House of Fountain-Belle-eau esteemed one of the fairest Palaces in Europe As also the Royal Mansion of St. German seated on the Ascent of a Hill seven miles from Paris down the Water And Bois de Vincennes in which Henry the Fifth ended his days Senlis is the chief City of the Dukedom of Valois which gave name to the French Kings of the Second Branch of the Capets which begun in Philip Valois Ann. 1328. in his Reign was fought the Battel of Crecie Anno 1343. where was slain John King of Bohemia 11 Princes 80 Barons 120 Knights and 30000 common Soldiers In Champaigne the chief City is Rheimes Famous for being the place where the French Kings are commonly Crowned and Anointed Therein also is Langres Andomatanum of Ptol. the Seat of the Twelve Peers of France Trois the meeting-place of Charles the Sixth and Henry the 5th Kings of France and England where the Victorious King was espoused to Katherine Daughter to King Charles aforesaid Bretaigne or Britany of old Armorica so called from the Britains who flew thither in the time of the Saxons Tyranny over them in England Formerly the Titles of the Earls of Richmond It s Sea-Port Towns are Brest Vendana Portus seated upon a spacious Bay the Key the Bulwark and best Harbour in France St. Maloes Aletha Maclovium built on a Rock a strong fair and populous City yet often spoiled and damaged by the English Inland Towns are Nants Condivincum Ptol. Cit. Namnetum Ant. seated on the Banks of the Loyre and Rennes Condate of Ptol. Cit. Rodanum Ant. the Parliament-City for this County Vannes Dariorigum Ptol. Cit. Venetum Ant. Situate on a capacious Bay the chief Town of the Old Veneti Quimper Corentin Corisopitum Ant. Orleance as it comprehends Maine Perch Beauce Nivernois Touraine Anjou the Title of Henry the Second King of England and Earl of Anjou now the Title of the third Son of France Poictou Angonnois and Berry hath these chief Cities 1. Orleance of Old Gennabum of Caes Strab. Cenabum Ptol. Aurelia It s pleasant Situation on the Loire makes it very beautiful and delightful Once the Seat Royal of its own Kings now the Title of the Second Son of France It long felt the force of an English Siege where died Great Montacute Earl of Salisbury On the chief Bridg of this City is the Statue of Joan the Pucelle de dieu or Maid so assistant to the French in Repelling the English and raising the Siege of Orleance May the 12th 1429. Burnt alive by the English Anno 1431. after which time the Affairs of the English grew worse and worse for in Anno 1435. Charles the Burgundian fell off and in 1453. Talbot a man of great Valour and Conduct was slain and nothing was left to the English but Calice of all that the English had got in two and forty years 2. Mans Cit. Cenomannorum by Antonius by Ptol. Vidinum Vendosme which gave Name to Antonio Father to Henry the Fourth 3. Chartes Carnutum Ant. Ptol. Autricum seated on the Loire a fair and pleasant City Dignified with a University for the Study of the Civil Law. 4. Nevers Noviodunum Caesar Nivernum al. Nivernium Ant. upon the Loire Dignified with an Ancient Dukedom 5. Tours Caesarodunum Ptol. Turonum Ant. where the Protestants are said first to have begun in France and were called Hugonots Nigh to this place it was that Charles Martel Father of King Pepin in Anno 732. discomfited an Army of about 400000 Saracens of which were slain near 370000. Blois pleasantly seated and in a good Air where the Duke of Guise the first mover of the Civil Wars and contriver of the Massacre at Paris was slain by the command of Henry the Third 6. Angiers by Ptolomy called Juliusmagus Andeglaevum Ant. of a large Circuit well built seated in a good Air and made a University Beaufort belonging to the Duke of Lancaster nigh which Town was the Duke of Clarence Brother to Henry the Fifth slain 7. Poictiers by Ptolomy Augustoritum Pictavium Ant. a University Famous for the Study of the Civil Law and for greatness said to be next to Paris In the Vine-fields two Leagues from the City was fought that memorable Battel between John of France and Edward the Son of King Edward the III. Sirnamed the Black Prince who with 8000 men overcame the French Army of 40000 whereof 10000 were slain besides Nobles Prisoners taken were King John and his Son Philip 70 Earls 50 Barons and about 12000 Gentlemen 8. Rochel seated on the Acquitane Ocean a place of great Trade and of greater strength before it was dismantled 1627. witness its many Sieges Anno 1570. by Jarvil Anno 1573. by Byron with an Army of 50000. men and 60 Pieces of Artillery 1575. and 76. it was attempted by Landâ—riau in 1577. by Lansac In the troubles of 1585. and 88. it was the Retreat of the King of Navarre and Prince of Conde Her Commodities Rochel-Wine Salt and Brandy Rupella Ant. Mortus Santorum Ptol. 9. Angoulesme Enculisma al. Cit. Etolinensium Ant. 10. Bourges a Town of great strength by Nature and well Fortified by Art Situate in a low Flat amongst deep impassible Bogs and Marshes 'T is an Arch-Bishoprick and one of the best Universities in France called Avaricum in Caesar's time of old Bituricum Ant. Varicum Ptol. Sancerre a strong Town memorable for a desperate and long Siege in the Reign of Charles the Ninth In the Province of Bourgondy once a Kingdom is first Dijon Divionum built by the Emperor Aurelian proud in her Parliament and for giving Birth to St. Bernard seated upon the Soasne Next are Auxerre Antissiodorum Ant. Chalon Cabullinum Strab. Caballinum Ptol. Cavillonium Caesar Castrum Gaballionense Ant. Mascon Castrum Matisconense Ant. seated upon the Soasne the best Hold of King Charles the Seventh in his hard Wars against the English Alize now a small Village formerly Alexia the chief Fortress of Vercingeterix who had 70000 Men in the Town when Besieged by Caesar and an Army of 300000 Gauls at the back of Caesar to relieve their fellows notwithstanding all which the Town was yielded to Caesar and Vercingeterix sate at his feet and became his Prisoner Philip the third Grandchild to Philip the Hardy united to this Dutchy almost all the Belgick Provinces but Charles his Son in the War against Lewis the Eleventh lost his Men Money and Life at the Battels of Granson Morat and Nancy 1476. afterwards this
Dutchy was seized on by the French. Adjacent to and in the Government of Bourgondy is Brest the chief Town thereof is Bourg or Briss a place well built and so strongly Fortified that it is esteemed impregnable This Country was by the Duke of Savoy delivered to Henry the IV. of France in lieu of the Marquisate of Saluces 1600. In the Province of Guien wherein are the Provinces of Gascoign Guien and Bern are many Cities the chief whereof are Bourdeaux Burdegala Strab. Ptol. Cit. Burdegalensium Ant. seated upon the Banks of the River Geronne famous for being the Birth-place of King Richard the II. of England At present Honoured with an University and Parliament and is a place of good Trade Near to this City is the small Village called Greve which yields those Excellent Wines called Graves Wine About the year 1259. Lewis of France gave unto Henry the Third of England the Dutchy of Guien conditionally that he should renounce all Title to his other Inheritances It continued English till 1452. In the particular Guien is the Province Saintonge whose chief place is Saintes Mediolanum of old Strab. Mediolanium Ptol. Cit. Santorum Ant. 2. The Province of Perigort whose chief place is Perigueux Vessuna of Ptol. Cit. Petrogoriorum Ant. Environed with Viney-Downs divided into two Towns. 3. The Province of Limosin whose chief place is Limoges Ratiastum Ptol. Lemovicum al. Lemavicum Am the Prison of Beggers 4. The Province of Querci whose chief place is Cahors Dueona Ptol. Cit. Cadorcorum Ant. a Rich and Fair City 5. The Province of Rovergue whose chief place is Rodez Segodunun Ptol. Cit. Rotenorum Ant. In the Province of Gascoign are several Countries whose chief Cities or Towns are Bazas Cossium of Ptol. Cit. Vasatum Ant. Dax or D'Acqs Aquae Augustae of Ptol. Cit. Aqueâ—sium Ant. Auch Augusta of Ptol. Cit. Ausciorum Ant. an Archbishops See. Agen Aginium Ptol. Agennensium Ant. Condom Condomum a Bishoprick Bajonne Baiona Merc. near Spain In the middle of the small River Vidosa between France and Spain is the Island Faisans not mention'd by any Geographer I know of where Cardinal Mazarine and Don Lewis of Harro began the Pyrenean Treaty the 13 Aug. 1659. and whence in the year 1660. hapned the Interview between the two Kings and the Reception of the Iafanta when the Island was divided in the middle and a House built so that at the Table where the two Kings sate to eat the King of France sate in France and the King of Spain in Spain In the Government of Lionoise are the several Provinces of Lionoise Avergne Bourbon and March. In Lionoise the chief City is Lyons by the Ancients Lugdunum seated upon the conjunction of the Rosne with the Soane esteemed the second City of France a Famous Mart-Town Ancient and the See of an Arch-Bishop who is Primate of all France In Avergne is Cleremont Claro Montium upon its high Mountain In Bâ—urbon Moulins the Centre of France Molinum of old much resorted unto from all parts of France for its Hot Medicinal Baths Gergobia al. Gergobina Caesar teste Parad. Belfor In March Gueret and Bellac are the most considerable In the Government of Languedoc are 1. Tholouse Talosa Caes Strab. Ptolomy Seated on the Garonne the Seat of an Arch-Bishop and an University near whose large Fields called by old Writers Campi Catalaunici which I rather think to be the Fields near Chalons memorable for the overthrow of Attila King of the Huns whose Army consisted of 500000 of which 180000 that day lost their lives by Aetius the Roman Lieutenant who was rewarded by Valentinian Emperor of the West with the loss of his Head. 2. Narbon Narbo of Caes Plin. Narbona Suet. A. Mar. in the Roman Infancy the most Populous and greatest Town in France and the first Roman Colony Carthage Excepted To which Archelaus Son to Herod King of the Jews was banished by Augustus 3. Montpillier Montpessulanus seated on a high Mountain twelve miles from the Sea an University for the Study of Physick the Country about affording variety of Medicinal Herbs memorable for the Resistance it made against Lewis the XIII in the last Civil War about Religion Nismes Nemausus Strab. Mel. Nemausium Plin. Ptol. Nemausensium Ant. In the year 1270. Languedoc returned to the Crown in the days of Philip the Third In the Government of Dolphin which is the Title of the first Son of France is Vienna Situate on the Rosne an A. B.'s See and the chief of this Province 2. Valence a Bishops See and University for the Civil Law a Rich Strong and well Traded Town the Title of Caesar Borgia when he cast off his Cardinals Hat. 3. Grenoble Cit. Gratianopolita Ant. Accusionorum Col. Ptol. Grationopolis Sido P. Diac. a Parliament-Seat Briancon Bigantio Ant. Gap Cit. Apencensium Ant. c. Of the Seven Wonders of Dauphine see Allard Sylva in Latin Verse which are 1. The Burning Fountain 2. The Tower Sane Venin 3. The inaccessible Mountain 4. The Wine-Fats of Sassinage 5. The Vinous Fountain 6. The Manna of Briancon 7. And the Fountain of Barberon Provence took its name from the Romans who being called in by the Marsillians possessed themselves of this Country until Stilico called in the Burgundians of which Kingdom it was a member until the time of the Ostrogoths Anno 504. In the year 1480. Rhene Grandchild to Lewis Duke of Anjou Brother to Charles the First gave it to the Lewis the Eleventh King of France Chief Towns are 1. Marseilles Massillia commodiously seated on the Mediterranean Sea enjoying an Excellent Haven and Road for Ships a place of great Trade and well frequented with Merchants and a Colony of the Phocians 2. Aix Aqua Sextiae a Parliament Seat near this Town the Cimbri consisting of 300000 fighting men as they passed by Marius asked his Soldiers what Service they would command them to Rome but in their march through the Alpes having divided themselves Marius put them all to the Sword who had slain Q. Servilius Caepio and his whole Army after his surprisal and pillaging of the Aurum Tolosanum 3. Arles Arelate Plin. Arelatum Col. Ptol. 4. Toulon Tauroentium Ptol. Taurentium Strab. the best Sea-port Town in all France On the North-West of Provence lies the Principality of Orange whose chief place is Orange Arausia Plin. Arusio Strab. Col. Arausiorum Ptol. C. Arausinorum Ant. Famous for many Rare and Wonderful Antiquities belonging of Ancient Right to his Illustrious Highness the Prince of Orange but of late years seized upon by the French King. South of which lies the County of Venasin so called from Avenio now Avignon the chief City of it Famous for being the Ancient Seat of the Popes for about 70 years said to have 7 Parish-Churches 7 Monasteries 7 Nunneries 7 Palaces 7 Inns and 7 Gates to its Walls To these Governments might be added Lorrain the French Comte Alsace most part of the Spanish Provinces
the County of Rousillon on the Coast of Spain being now under the French King's Conquests but for Method and Order-sake I shall refer them to their proper place The chief Islands of France are 1. Strong Bell-Isle Venetica San. Calosus 2. Salt Nermoustier 3. Ree the Out-work to Rochel fatal to the English 1627. 4. Oleron Vliaras where Richard the III. gave those Laws as Lord of the Sea known to the World by the Title of The Laws of Oleron 5. The Tower d'Cardovan in the Mouth of the Garonne 6. The Isle Ouessant Vxantus by the English over against the Lizard In the Mediterranean lye the Isles de Ere 's the Staechades of Ptol. Of Spain A New Map of HISPANIA and PORTUGALLIA By Robt. Morden SPAIN by the Greeks first called Iberia not from Iberus the most famous River in that Kingdom nor from Iberi a people of Asia Quid igitur inquit Bochartus Ehraeis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Eber Chaldaeis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ebra vel ibra est transitus quicquid est ulterius Inde plurale ebrin vel ebrin terminus fines significat Merito igitur Iberi dicii qui ex Phoenicium sententiâ terrarum fines ultimos habitarunt It was also called Hisperia either from Hesperus a King thereof or rather as being the furthest Country Westward So also by the Greeks and Romans it was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from Pan the companion of Bacchus By the Phoenicians Spania or Sphania a Country of Rabbets or Conics lastly by the Moors Mus-Arabia Conjointly with Portugal it makes a great Peninsula being encompassed with the Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea only towards the North-East for 240 miles it is firmly tack'd to the Continent by the Pyrenean Hills It is situate in the most Western part of all Europe in the most Southernly part of the Northern Temperate Zone and the longest Summers day is about 15 hours As for the Dimensions it is said to be in length from Porto on the Mouth of the River Duero to Cape Creus in Catalonia 600 Geometrical Miles And from Cape Gibralter to Cape Penas in the Bay of Bisca for the breadth is 480 miles By Cluver 760 miles in length and 600 in breadth Heylin who follows Josephus saith this Kingdom was first Inhabited by the Progeny of Tubal the Son of Japhet being the Descendants of the Iberii who came in under Panus Cluver saith that the Celtae a great and Potent Nation descended from Aschenaz were the first that did people Spain and caused the whole Country to be called Celtiberia The next Forreigners that came into Spain were the Phoenicians Sailing from Tyrus as Diodorus and Strabo relate it Then the Greeks or Rhodians afterwards the Carthagenians did overrun a great part of it under the conduct of Amilcor Asdrubal and Annibal even from the Western Ocean to the Pyrenes destroyed Saguntum now Morvedre built new Carthage and had not Annibals ill Fate hurried him for Italy the whole Country had been subdu'd to the State of Carthage But the Carthagenians being overcome by the Romans in the second Punick War it fell under the Dominions of the Romans by whom it was divided into three Provinces Boetica Lusitanica and Terraconensis Baetica was bounded on the North and West by the River Ana now Guadiana on the South by the Mediterranean Sea as far as Almeria on the East it was separated from Terragon by a straight line from Almeria to Cuidad Real and contained the Kingdoms of Granata Andaluzia part of New Castile and Estremadura and was inhabited by the Turduli Eastward and by the Celtici towards the West Lusitania was bounded on the North by the River Durius now Duero on the West by the Ocean on the South by the River Guadiana on the East by a line drawn from Cuidal Real to Samora a Town seated on the River Duero and contains almost all Portugal part of Old and part of New Castile The rest of Spain went to the making up of the Province of Terragon The Romans also divided Spain into two parts the one Citerior the other Vlterior the first comprehended the Province of Terragon the latter did comprise Baetica and Lusitania and so remained until the time of Honorius the Emperor when Gundericus King of the Vandals made an Eruption out of Germany and over-ran it about the year of our Lord 400. The Vandals were not well setled in their New Conquest when the Goths seized on this Country forcing the Vandals into Baetica and after into Africa and so made the Conquest absolute The Sarracens and Moors invaded it in the year 720 under the Conduct of of Musa and Tariff who were invited in by Julian who was sent on an Embassie to the Moors of Africa by Roderick the Gothish King but in the mean time deflowred his Daughter Cava which the Father took in such indignation that he procured the Moors to come into Spain who after a Battel that lasted seven days in which Roderick had 130000 Foot and 35000 Horse and Tariffe had 30000 Horse and 180000 Foot the Moors were Victorious and having harassed the whole Country Founded several Kingdoms therein but the Moors not long enjoyed the sole Sovereignty therein for the Goths having recovered themselves the Moors by little and little were brought under Heylin tells us that at last Spain fell into a 12-partite division viz. Leon and Oviedo Navarre Corduba Gallicia Bisca Tolledo Murcia Castile Portugal Valentia Catelogue and Arragon But I chose rather to follow Clever Mercator Sanson who all agree that at last Spain fell under the Command of several more powerful Princes and was parted into 15 grand Divisions most of which carried the Title of Kingdoms five lie upon the Ocean Biscaia Astruria Galicia Portugal and Andalusia five upon the Mediterranean Grenada Murcia Valentia Catalonia and the Islands of Majorca Minorca and Yuica and five Midland viz. Arragon Navarr the two Castiles and Leon. Afterwards the whole Country was reduced under the Power of the Kings of Castile Arragon and Portugal and under these three Titles it is that the King of Spain at present possesseth his large Dominions which he Governs by Eight Vice-Royes But in the year 1640. the Duke of Braganza was proclaim'd King of Portugal and ever since it continues Independent The People of Spain are of a swarthy Complexion black Hair and of good Proportion stately in all their Actions of a Majestical Gate and Deportment grave and serious in their Carriages in Offices of Piety very devout not to say superstitious obedient and faithful to their King patient in Adversities not prone to alter their resolutions in War too deliberate Arts they esteem dishonourable much addicted to Women and naturally proud Their Women sober discreet indifferent handsome clear complexioned loving to their Husbands and Friends yet by them so narrowly watched and overlooked that 't is hardly possible for them to have conference with any other man. In matters of Religion they are Roman
Toledo Burgos Compostella Sevil Granada Valencia Sarrogossa and Tarragon There are several very considerable Sea-Ports Passagio St. Andrews Coruna Cadiz Cartagena Alicant c. Biscaie formerly called Cantabria is Mountainous and Woody which furnish them with Timber to build more Ships than all the Provinces of Spain besides It hath also so great a Number of Mines and Iron Forges that the Spaniards call it the Defence of Castile and the Armory of Spain The Biscayners who were the Ancient Cantabrians enjoy very great Privileges and boast themselves never to have been thoroughly Conquered either by the Romans Carthaginians Goths or Moors They use a different Language from that of the other Inhabitants of the Country and is said to be the ancient Language of Spain for as they remained in their Liberties not Mastered so in their Language not altered They differ from the rest of Spain also in Customs yielding their Bodies but not their Purses to the King not suffering any Bishop to come amongst them and causing their Women to drink first because Ogno a Countess would have poysoned her Son Sancho The Land as well as in the Country of Guipuscoa is very well Tilled for they pay neither Tax nor Tenth nor Right of Entry Their chief Cities are Bilboa and St. Sebastian places of great Trade especially in Wool Iron Chesnuts and Bilboa Blades Great Vessels cannot come near Bilboa being seated two miles from the Ocean but upon a High tide It was built or reedified out of the Ruins of the ancient Flaviobriga of Ptol. by Diego de Harro 1300. The Port of St. Sebastian has a very fair Entrance being Defended by two Castles the one toward the East seated high the other to the West upon a low Rock St. Andero and Passagio are two Excellent Ports Fuentarabia the stronger place and further Town in Spain and Guataria the Native place of Sebastian Cabot who was the first that compassed the World in the Ship called the Victory Magellanus who went Chief in that Expedition perishing in the Action Laredo Portus Lauretanus hath a spacious Bay. Placenza upon the River Denia is inhabited by Blacksmiths Tolosa upon the Orio River Asturia called by some the Kingdom of Oviedo is the Title of the Eldest Sons of the Kings of Spain being called Princes of Asturia The younger Children whereof are called Infants ever since the Reign of John the First Hence were the small but swift Horses which the Romans called Asturcones the English Hobbies It was the Retreating place of the Kings of the Goths and several of the Bishops during the Invasion of the Moors for which Reason Oviedo Lucum Asturum of Ptol. Ovetum the Capital City thereof is called the City of Kings and Bishops and indeed gave Title to the first Christian Kings after the Moorish Conquest for as the Lust of Roderick a Gothish King of Spain first brought in the Moors so the Lust of Magnutza a Moorish Viceroy proved the overthrow and loss of the Kingdom Other Towns are Aviles on the Sea-shore near Cape de los Penas of old Scythium Prom. Galicia is not so fertile as well Peopled its former Inhabitants were the Gallaici whence it had its Name St. Jago Compostella which Bishoprick and University is there Famous for the Pilgrimages which are thither made by those that go to Visit the Reliques of St. James the Spaniards Patron Coruna by the English the Groine is often mentioned in our Spanish Wars in Queen Elizabeths days The Flavium Brigantium of Ptol. Brigantium of Ant. Strong and the chief Bulwark of Galitia is memorable for the goodness and largeness of her Port The Rich Silver Fleet of above thirty Millions put in there in the year 1661 to avoid the English who to surprize it had way-laid all the Points of the Compass to Cadiz Lugo is the Lucus Augusti of Ptol. and Ant. the Lucus of Plin. now a Bishops See. Orense is the Aquae Calida of Ptol. the Aqua Caleniae of Ant. a Bishops See. Tuy is the Tude of Ptol. Tyde Plin. a Bishops See. There are about forty other Ports in this Province of which Rivadeo Ponte Vedra Bajona are the most considerable Andaluzia formerly Vandalitia from the Vandals By Pliny Conventus Cordubensis is so fair a Country and so plentiful in Corn in Wine and Olives that it passes for the Granary and Magazine of the Kingdom Sevil in this Province is the Magazine of the Wealth of the New World. The Hispalis of Strab. Ptol. and Plin. It is in compass six miles compassed with stately Walls and adorned with no less Magnificent Buildings insomuch that there is a Spanish Proverb Chi non ha Vista Sevilla non ha Vista Meravilla He that at Sevil hath not been Structure's Wonder hath not seen The River Baetis or Gaudelquiver separates it into two parts which are joined together by a stately Bridge from hence the Spaniards set forth their West-India-Fleets and hither they return to unload the Riches of the Western World. It is Dignified with an University wherein studied Avicen the Moor Pope Silvester the Second here also were two Provincial Councils held Anno 584 and 636. and the See of an Arch-Bishop who is Metropolitant of Andaluzia and the fortunate Islands Here was Isodore Bishop From hence comes our Sevil Oranges and here lies the Body of Christopher Columbus Famous for his Discovery of the New World. Not far from hence are to be seen the Reliques of the Italica of Strab. Ptol. and Ant. the Ilipa Italica Plin. the Country of the Emperors Trajan and Adrian now an obscure Village about a League East from Sevil. Cordova that Honoured Antiquity with Lucan and the two Seneca's and was more considerable in the time of the Moors than now The Principal Church was formerly one of the biggest Mosques among the Muhumetans next to that of Mecca Corduba of Strab. Ptol. and Mela a famous Colony of the Romans and Head of a particular Kingdom so called now a Bishops See and Seat of the Inquisition for this Province Jaen is the Oningis or Oringis of Livi teste Moral taken by Scipio Africanus from the Carthaginians Ecya is the Astigi of Plin. Astygis of Ptol. the Astrapa of Liv. taken by Lucius Martius or rather destroyed by the Inhabitants read Sir W. Rawleigh fol. 744. Iliturgis Ptol. Ilurgis Illiturgis Plin. Iliturgi Liv. Lietor teste Marian Aldea el rio Car. Clusio Andujar Floriano Andujur el viejo Amh. Moral Castulo Ant. Castulon Ptol. Plin. Castaon Strab. Caslono Car Clusio Caslona la voja Florian. between Alcazar and Baeza seated on the Guadelquiver not on the Ana as Heylin saith which being under the Romans was surprized by the Gerasenis but slain by Sertorius entring after them at the same Gate built 100 years before the War of Troy teste Mariana Here Hanibal is said to have took his Wife Himilce and was one of the last Towns that held out for the Carthaginians the chief City of the
Laurona of Floro which Sertorius besieged and burnt when Pompey with his whole Army stood nigh and yet durst not succour it Xelua is by Florian. the Incibilis or Indibilis of Livi where Hanno was overcome by Scipio but Baud. saith Incibilis is now Trayguera 20 Spanish Leagues distant from Xelua or Chelua Gandia gives title to the Dukes of the House of Borgia Segorbe or Segorve is the Segobrega of Strab. and Plin. testae Vasae Clus and Tarap but the confusion of Authors makes me uncertain what it now is The Islands of Majorque and Menorque are the antient Baleares the Inhabitants whereof were exquisite Slingers and great Pyrates they accustom their Children to hit down their Breakfast with a Sling or else to go without it and yet as nimble as they were they were constrain'd to beg aid of Augustus against the Rabbets that destroyed their Lands The Books of knowledg writ by Raymund Lulâ—y are very much studi'd at Majorque The Soil of Yvica has a peculiar quality to destroy the Serpents that are bred in the Island Tormentera Arragon is overrun with the Branches of the Pyrenean and Idubeda Mountains and is in most parts dry and scanty of water yet the River Iberus runs through the middle of it It s chief places are Saragoca Caes Augusta of Ptol. Strab. Plin. Ant. c. a Colony and Municipium of the Romans before called Salduba Under the Moors it was the Head of a particular Kingdom recovered in the year 1118. by the Christians and made the Residence of the Kings of Arragon an Arch-Bishops See and University and Seat of the Inquisition and Vice-Roy for the Province Taracona or Tarazona the Turiaso Ptol. Turiasso Plin. is a Bishops See. Calatajut upon the River Xalo founded by Ajub a Sarazen Prince half a mile from which was the ancient Bilbis of Ptol. and Bilbilis of Strab. the Country of the Poet Martial Fraga upon the River Senga Gallica Flava Ptol. Gallicum of Ant. Balbastro is the Burtina of Ptol. Bortina of Ant. Huesca the Osca of Strab. Ptol. Ant. was the place where Sertorius in Plutarch kept the Children of the Spanish Nobility as Hostages for their Fathers fidelity but the Fathers revolting the Children were cruelly murthered Jacca amongst the Mountains was the first Seat of the Kings of Arragon Ainsa and Benhuari have been the Capitals of two little Kingdoms Sobrarbia and Ribagorca or Riba Curtia Monzon is a place where formerly the States of Arragon were wont to Assemble Navarr was the second Kingdom for Antiquity in Spain but surprised and taken by Ferdinand the Catholick Anno 1512. without one blow given The King and Queen of Navarr being at that time both French Subjects the Country is plain yet on all sides environed with mighty Mountains well watered with Rivers and fruitful Chiefer Towns are Pampelona Pompelon of Ptol. Strab. Ant. first founded by Pompey the Great after the Wars ended with Sertorius a Bishops See and Seat of the Vice-Roys seated in a Plain upon the River Arga. At the Siege of which Ignatius Loiola a Cantabrian defending it against the French was almost killed by a wound of his Leg which occasion'd a New Order to the Church viz. the Society of the Jesuits vide Monferrat in Catalonia 2. Viana the Title of the Navarren Prince Nigh this place Caesar Borgia Son to Pope Alexander the Sixth was slain by an Ambush Teste Guicciardine 3. Victoria is the chief of the little Country called Olava or Olaba between Navarr and Biscay first built or rather reedified out of the Ruins of the ancient Villica of Ptol. Anno 1180. by Sanctius King of Navarr This Country is divided into six Merindida's or Governments one of which lying on the other side of the Pyreneans is called Low Navarr and is in the hands of the French King. The Kingdom of Castilia was at first named Bardulia and was the most prevailing Kingdom of all Spain either by Conquest or Intermarriages divided into Castillia la Veia or old Castille and Castillia la Nueva or New Castile Chiefer places in Old Castile are Burgos Bravum Masburgi Ptol. teste Tarapha Burgi once the Royal Seats of the Kings of Castile now an Arch-Bishop See. Avila the Abala of Ptol. of which Tostatus Sirnamed Abulensis was Bishop who is said to have writ as many sheets as he lived days Soria is the place where the great Standard of the Kingdom is kept not far from which towards the Springs of the Douro stood sometimes that famous Numantia in which 4000 Soldiers withstood 40000 Romans for 14 years and at last gathering all their Money Goods Armour c. together laid them on a Pile which being fired they all voluntarily buried themselves in the flame leaving Scipio nothing but the name of Numantia to adorn his Triumph Segovia is the Segubia of Ptol. Segobia Plin. Ant. a Bishops See near which yet standeth an ancient Aquaeduct of the Romans Calahora upon the Ebro was the Calagorina of Ptol. Calaguris of Str. and Calagurris of Ant. a Town of the Vascones and of the Orator Quintilian Logronnio upon the said River was the Juliobriga of Ptol. and Juliobrica of Plin. New Castile is a Country for the most part Champian and plain affording sufficient plenty of Corn Fruits and other necessary provision Chiefer Towns are 1. Madrid the Mantua of Ptol. Madritum al. the Seat of the Kings of Spain and now one of the most fair and populous places of the Kingdom well built with good Brick-Houses many having Glass-Windows which is very rare in all Spain the most considerable Buildings are the Piazza the Prison the Kings Chappel and Palace the Palaces of the Duke of Alva of Medina de los Torres c. The English Colledg of Theatines Il Retiro c. Out of Town St. Perdo and the Escurial or the Magnificent Monastry of St. Laurence which is about seven or eight Leagues from Madrid amongst the Spaniards passeth for the Eighth Wonder of the World and is said to have cost King Philip the Second above twenty Millions of Gold no great Sum for a Prince who is said to have expended 700 Millions of Gold during his Reign 2. Toledo the Tâ—lâ—tum of Plin. and Ant. then the chief City of the Carpetani mounted upon a steep and uneven Rock upon the right shore of the River Taio with whose circling streams it is almost encompassed By the Goths it was made the Chamber and Royal Seat of their Kings Under the Moors it became a petty Kingdom and their strongest hold in those parts after five years Siege in the year 1085. recovered by Alphonsus the Sixth King of Castile and Leon. Now an University and Arch-Bishops See the richest in Europe whose Bishop is Primate and Chancellor of Spain Alcala de Henares is the Complutum of Ptol. and Ant. an University founded by F. Ximenes Cardinal and Arch-Bishop of Toledo Calatrava upon the River Gaudiana abandoned by the Templers and
now gives name to the Order of Knights so called confirmed by Pope Alexander the Third 1164. Alcaraz gives Name to the Mountainous Tracts of Sierra de Alcaraz Cuenca a Bishops See and Seat of the Inquisition once an Invincible Fortress of the Moors against the Christians yet won from them Anno 1177 by Sanctius the Second King of Castile Siguenca or Siguenxa is the Segontia Strab. Plin. the Secuntia of Liv. Secontia Ant. Segontialacta of Ptol. a City of the Celtiberi now a Bishops See having a fair Cathedral The Kingdom of Leon was the first which the Christians established after the Invasion of the Moors The City which bears its name has in it a Cathedral famous for its beauty The Church of Toledo is magnified for its wealth that of Sevil for its bigness that of Salamanca for its strength The City of Salamanca is honoured with an University which has the Priviledg to teach the Hebrew Greek Arabick and Chaldee Languages They talk here of the Valley of Vatuegas lately discovered in the Mountains of this Kingdom and which was never known before from the time of the Moors Invasion discovered by the occasion of an Hawk of thâ— Duke of Alva's which was lost amongst those Mountains His Servants clambering from one Hill to another in search of it at last happened into a pleasant and large Valley where they spied a Company of naked Pataco's or Savage people hemmed in amongst those many Rocks or Mountains And then told their Master that instead of his Hawk thâ—y had found a New World in the midst of Spain Upon further discovery and inquiry they were thought to be a remnant of the ancient Spaniards who had hid themselves amongst these Mountains for fear of the Romans Of Catalonia and the County of Roussillon CAtalannia rather Catalonia by the French Catalogne is variously derived by Authors some from Gothalonia of the Goths and Alani some from the Castellani the old Inhabitants hereof Others from the Cattalones who also had here their dwellings others from the Catti of Germany and the Alani of Sarmatia now Lithuania Paulus Hieronymus asserts it to be 170 Italian miles long and 130 broad Boterus tells us there is numbered in this Province one Dukedom viz. Cardona three Marquisates 11 Earldoms many Baronies and Lordships 56 Cities or Walled Towns and six hundred thousand Inhabitants among which were 10000 French Shepherds and Husbandmen Some Authors tells us the Country is Hilly and full of Woods yielding but small store of Corn Wine and fruits some say it abounds with Corn Wine and Oyl Others tell us it is more enriched through its Maritine Situation than by home-bred Commodities Chief places are Barcelona Barcinon of Ptol. Barchino of Mela and Barcino of Plin. and Ant. a Roman Colony Sirnamed Faventia by Plin. Seated upon the Mediterranean Sea betwixt the Rivers Baetulus of Mela now Besons and Rubricat or Lobregat River won from the Moors by Lewis the Godly Son to the Emperor Charles the Great It 's now a rich and noted Port. A Bishops See and Academy said to be built by Hamilcar Ant. Beath saith it was built by Hercules 'T is the Seat of the Vice-Roy and Inquisition for the Province 'T is beautified with stately Buildings both private and publick with delightful Gardens Its Port hath a Bridg or Mole of 750 Paces into the Sea for the better securing of Ships Terragona Terracon Strab. Ptol. Terraco Plin. Mela Solinus is pleasantly seated about a Mile from the Mediterranean Sea upon the East of the River Tulcis now Francolino teste Coquo founded by Cn. and Pub. Scipio during the second Punick War a Repository of ancient Monuments Vid. Nomium c. 85. Afterwards made a Roman Colony and the chief Town giving name to the Province Terraconensis It was An. 1572. an Archbishops See and Academy founded by Cardinal Gaspar Cervan Lerida Llerda Ant. Strab. Ptol. Plin. Lucan A Bishops See and University seated upon the Rivers Sicoris now Segre or Segor and not on the River Linga as Heylin saith and the chief City of Arragon It s adjacent Fields are well stored with Vines Corn Fruits and Oyl oftentimes besieged by the French and as often relieved by the Spaniards And is Famous for the Encounter which happened nigh unto it between Herculejus the Treasurer of Sertorius Army and Manillius Proconsul of Gallia wherein Manillius was discomfited and his Army routed Cerdona is a Dukedom of the same Name where are three things remarkable a Mountain whose Earth is like Meal or Flower A Fountain whose water is of the colour of Red Wine A Salt of divers Colours but if pounded it appears only white Tertosa by the French Tortosa a Bishops See seated upon the River Ebro Dertosa Ptol. Ant. Dertossa Strab. Dertusa Plin. a Roman Colony Fortified with two Castles Vide Marin Siculum Girona Gerunda Ptol. Ant. Plin. a Bishops See and Dukedom gives Titile to the Eldest Sons of the Kings of Arragon built by Gerion 513 years after the Flood teste Beuthero Vich by J. Mariana the Ausa of Ptol. Corbio of Liv. Vicus Aquae Voconiae a Bishops See. 'T was the Randezvous of Count Monteries Country Militia when he attempted the relief of Paysarda but the passages were too well secured by the French. Not far from the right shore of the River Lobregat ariseth the pleasant Mountain Edulius Mons Ptol. Medulius by others now Monserrato a noted place for Miracles Here Ignatius Loyola laid the foundation of the Society of Jesus Anno 1522. This Mountain is said to be two Miles high and four Miles in Circumference stuck full with Anchorets Cells and honoured with a much frequented Chappel and Image of the Blessed Virgin whose ravishing description read in Nonius Bibliothec Hisp and in Zeiler's Description of the place in his Iteneries of Spain Rosas or Roses the Rhoda of Ptol. and Rhodope of Strab. founded by the Emporites or Rhodians under the Pyrenean Mountains a strong place Puig de Cerda or Puigcerda by the French Puicerdan is the chief Town of the Carotani Jugum Carratanorum near the Pyrenean Mountains upon the River Segre Sicoris one League distant from I lâ—via Llivia Livia by Julian Toletanus de expeditione Wambae Regis Jothorum Julia Libyca Ptol. Plin. Linca or Linea Florian by others Insa in Sheldens Manuscript 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Campredon a walled Town near the Springs of the River Ter of Old Sambraca the Sehendunum of Ptol. Jonquera by the French Junquera by the Inhabitants Juncaria Ant. Plin. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Shel Manuscript 't is in the little County of Ampurdan near the Passage of Le Col. de partus Cap de Cruex by Florian is the Aphroditium of Ptol. Templum Veneris Venus Pyrenaea of Strab. Plin. Portus Veneris Mela but Baud. tells us that Port Veneris is now called Port Vendres five Leagues distant from Aphrodisium Prom. Cadaques near Roses is the Cap de Quires of the
Stato del Duca di Parma of Modena Ducatus Mutinensis Stato del Duca di Modena of Mantoua Stato del Duca di Mantoua the Territories of the Venetians Stato di Venetia and the Bishoprick of Trent 2. The middle part wherein are the Dominions or Land of the Church Stato della Chiesa or Ditio Ecclesiae The Estates of the Great Duke of Tuscany or Ditio Magni Ducis Heturiae sou Tuscio And the Commonwealth of Lucca Dominium Reipublicae Lucensis 3ly The Lower in which is the Kingdom of Naples Regno di Napoli 4ly To which we may add a fourth viz. the adjacent Isles Sicilia Sardinia Corsica c. Of Savoy and Piedmont SAVOY and Piedmont by Rob. Morden THE Ancient Inhabitants of this Mountainous Country were generally called by the Name of Allobroges of whom the first mention we find in Story is the Atonement made by Hannibal in his passage this way between Bruneus and his Brother about the Succession of the Kingdom afterwards subdued by the Romans under the several Conducts of C. Domitius Aenobarbus and Qu. Fabius Maxianus After which Coctius one of the Kings of these Allobroges was in special Favour with Augustus Caesar whence it had the Name of Alpes Coctiae and by that Name reduced into the form of a Province by Nero. In the declining of the Roman Empire it became a part of the Kingdom of Burgundy and passed with other Rights to the Empire of Germany Amadis the II. Earl of Maurienne was by the Emperor Henry the IV. Invested with the Title of Savoy And Amadis the VIII Created the first Duke by Sigismund Anno 1397. But the main Power and Patrimony of this House was by the Valour of the two Earls Thomas and Peter in the years 1210 and 1256 who got by Conquest a great part of Piedmont to which the Marquisate of Saluces was United by Marriage of the Daughter to Charles Duke of Savoy whose Successors kept Possession of it till Francis the First pretending some Title to it in Right of his Mother a Daughter of the House of Savoy annexed it to the Crown of France from which it was Recovered during the Civil Wars of France by the Savoyards about 1588 by whom 't is still possessed By Reason of the difficult and narrow Ways and those full of Thieves it was once called Malvoy but the Passages being opened by the Industry of the People and purged of Thieves by good Laws it was called Savoy or Salvoy Sabaudia Lat. Savoia Italis La Savoye Gallis It is full of those Mountains which we call by a general Name of Alps though several Branches have their peculiar Names Mount Cenis and little St. Bernard open the two most considerable Passages into Italy 'T is a Country Healthy enough but not very Fruitful except some Valleys which are very fertil and delighful The Common People are Naturally Dull and Simple and unwarlike but the Gentry Civil and Ingenious It passes for the most Noble and primier Dukedom of Christendom the Power and Presence of whose Dukes are the more considerable because Masters of the most part of the Passages out of France into Italy and by the Possession of Piedmont the County of Nice and other Signories Under the name of Savoy are comprehended these six parts Sabaudia propria La Savoye Genevensis Comitatus Le Genevois Mauriana La Maurienne Tarantaisia La Tarantaise Fossiniacum Le Fossigny Cabillicus Tractus Le Chablais Chambery Cambericum Camberiacum or Cameriacum Civaro Cic. teste Caenali Forum Vicontii teste Pineto is the Capital City of the Dukedom and the Residence of a Parliament Fortified with a strong Castle and good Outworks Montmelian Monmelianum is the place of strength with a Cittadel that defends the rest of the Mountains almost inaccessible where they say the Keys of Savoy are Locked up Monstiers Monasterium is an Arch-Bishops See the Civitas Cantorum of Ant. Annecy Annecium was the Residence of the Bishops of Geneve Ripaile was the Retiring place of Felix the IV. before and after his Pontificate that Prince living at peace in such a retirement from business that it became a Proverb To live at Ripaile of those that only took their pleasure and lived at ease Other Places are Cluse Clusae Fannum Sancti Johannis St. Jean in Mauriena Valle. Thonon Thononium or Thunonium Le Bourg St. Morice In the Mountains bordering on this Country and France are the Progeny of the Albigensis which about the year 1100. stood for the Liberty of the Church and the Doctrine of their Predecessors and about the year 1250. they were almost utterly ruined by the Popes and French Kings The remainder preferring their Conscience before their Country retired up into the Mountains and by their Industry and good Husbandry made the very Rocks to bring forth Herbage for their Cattel and here they worshipped God according to the Reformed Churches until the latter end of Francis the First when happend the Massacre of Merinianum or Marignan Gallis and Chabrieres And in the year 1662. and 1663. they were again persecuted and Massacred by the Savoyards Mr. Ray in his Travels of 1663. met with some of the Protestants of Lucern and Angrona at Turin who told him that they were in number about 15000 Souls and 2000 Fighting-men that they dwell in 14 Villages that they are the only Protestants in Italy and have maintained their Religion 1200 years But what hath been done to them since 1684. History is silent Within the Limits of Savoy is the Signory of Geneva about eight Leagues in compass seated on the Lake Lemanus divided into two parts by the Rhosne well fortified and a flourishing University Governed by a Common Council consisting of 200 the four chief whereof are called Sindiques The Church-Government consisteth of Lay-men and Ministers begun by Calvin Anno 1541. Formerly it was the Soveraignty of the Duke of Savoy and therefore mentioned in this place but since the resistance of the great Siege 1589. they have stood on their own Liberty and reckoned a Commonwealth Of Piedmont Piemont Gallis Principatus Pedemontana Lat. Gallia Subalpina Plin. c. IT is now in the possession of the Duke of Savoy The ancient Inhabitants whereof were the Salassi Libyci and Taurini all vanquished by the Romans subdued afterwards by the Lombards of whose Kingdom it remain'd a part till its subversion and then became divided into several Estates till conquered by Thomas and Peter Earls of Savoy in Anno 1481. Possessed after by the French upon pretence of a Title by the aforesaid Marriage after recover'd by the Savoyard Anno 1588. And in the year 1600 compounded with Henry the Fourth the County of Brest being given in Exchange for the Marquisate of Salusse Marchesato di Saluzzo Italis whose chief place is Saluzzo Ital. Saluce Gal. Augusta Vagiennorum Salinae Ptol. of which together with the rest of Piedmont and some places of importance in Montferrat this Family of Savoy do now stand
Gods for its excellent Ships and Archers for the Bull that ravished Europa for the Amours of Pasiphae and Ariadne for the cruelty of the Minotaur for the Government of Saturn for the habitation and Sepulchre of Jupiter for the Laws of Minos and Rhadamanthus for the Labyrinth of Daedalus and many other things the Inhabitants boast of but there is no belief of men that were always accounted Lyers as Tit. 1.12 out of Epimenides Anciently it had an 100 Cities 40 remaining in the time of Ptolomy 1. Gnossus now Cinosus 2. Cydon now Canea Mater Orbium hence Poma Cydonia now Adam's Apples 3. Eleuthera or Erythraea 4. Miletum named 2 Tim. 4.20 with Act. 27.7 8 c. and 21.17 5. Gortyna hence Spicula Gortynia their best Arrows 6. Dictamnum 7. Ampelus 8. Minoa now Allemara The chief Mountains are 1. Ida the highest in the Island now called Psiloriti from the top whereof may be discerned both Seas 2. Dicte now Sethia and Lasthi 3. Leuci a long Chain of Hills called of late di Madara la Spachia and la Sfacioles The Rivers are none of them Navigable but the defect is supplied with good Harbours and Bays The Mullet Scarus was a great Roman delicacy Its Commodities are Muscadel Wine Sugar Sugar-Candy Honey Wax Gum Olives Dates Raisins but little Corn. This Island was first Governed by Saturn then by Jupiter who was Interred at Gnossos then succeeded Minos his Son begotten on Europa after that the Island was Governed by a Republick and in the time of Pompey the Great it was subdued by the Romans then the Emperors of Constantinople were Masters of it after it was given to Boniface M. of Montferrat who parted with it to the Venetians Anno Dom. 1204. But the Turks in the year 1669. after a War of 24 years quite expelled the Venetians and so became Masters of it This Island is now divided into four Territories which bear the Name of so many Principal Cities viz. Candia Canea Retimo and Sittia The Principal Fortresses are Grabates Suda and Spinalonga held by the Venetians Candia the Capital City so strong by Art and Nature that it was the Bulwark of Christendom and maintained it self against many long and desperate Sieges of the Turks before it surrendered to them Other Islands are 2. Claude Act. 27.16 now Gozo 3. Dia now Standia 4. Letoa now Christina 5. Aegilia now Cecerigo Crete has one Archbishop and eight Bishops The Ionian Islands 1. Zant anciently Zacynthus in North Lat. 36 degr 30. min. The Town is stretched along the shore and is very populous according as the rest of the Island that has 50 Towns and Villages some Springs it is infested with frequent Earthquakes The Greek Church is here and as in other places under the Venetian much Latinized in their Doctrine though they hate the Church of Rome The Latines have here a Bishop and divers Churches and Convents The English have a Factory but no Priest as in other places and they seem to the Natives to live without Religion to die without hope as they are buried without decency to the disgrace of our Reformed Church and the great scandal of them that are without Here is plenty of Currans Wine Oyl Mellons and other good Fruits 2. Straphades 2 Isles 50 miles South of Zant here live many Greek Monks well fortified 3. Cephalonia formerly Samos Melaena and Teleboe 't is 120 miles in Circuit the greatest Isle in Vlysses Kingdom Argostoli a large Port every way Land-lockt the Residence of the Venetian Proveditor the chief Town is Cefalona it affordeth abundance of Currans Wine Oyl c. 4. Thiaki four or five miles over against Port Pescarda it affords abundance of Currans 5. Ithaca formerly Dalichium now Val de Compare the Birth-place of Vlysses now without Inhabitants yet it has good Currans 6. Echinades five Scoglio's now called Curzolari at the mouth of the River Achelous near these were fought the Battels of Actium and Lepanto 7. St. Mauro by the Greeks Leucas Leucada and Nerilos 't is separated from Acarnania by a Streight of five Paces over and three or four foot deep in water the Castle is strong called St. Mauro Delivered up to General Morosini July 1684. The Port is good and named Chimeno and the Island Leucas 't is inhabited with Turks and Greeks most are Pyrats 't is thirty or forty miles in Compass and fruitful in Corn Pasture Oranges c. 8. Corfu formerly Corcyra an 180 miles in Compass but for a Rock West the Town would be almost impregnable in the Castle East resides the Venetian General by Sea and Land to whom the other Islands appeal The Ruined Towns are Cassiopia now Cassopo 2. Chersopolis now Palaeopoli here are also the Gardens of Alcinous c. The Inhabitants are very revengeful here is plenty of Wine Oyl and Fruits but little Corn. The Greeks have here a Proto-pappa subject to the Bishop of Cephalonia but the Latins have a Bishop Thus much for the Graecian Islands in the Aegaean Cretan and Ionian Seas The present State of the Countries Forts and other Places which belong to the Europeans in the West and East-Indies THERE were at first but two Nations in Europe that Successfully undertook long Voyages by Sea or who sent Colonies into Distant Climates The Spaniards toward the West and the Portugals into the East These also obtained from Pope Alexander the Sixth a Donation of all Lands undiscovered but the other Europeans were not satisfied at the Pope's Liberality for the English Dutch and French would also have their share since which time there have been several Changes in those Countries that Rigor which the Portugal and Spaniard used to exclude all other Nations serving only to destroy themselves The French have first in Canada Montreal the Three Rivers Quebec Tadousac and other Places upon the great River of St. Lawrence and upon Sufferance or Incroachment they pretend to that which we call Nova Scotia the Island of Cape Bretan In New-found-Land they have Bay Plaisance and Bay Blanco 2. Among the Islands called Antilles part of St. Christophers St. Bartholomews Santa Cruez St. Martins Guadaloupe La Desirée Maria Galante Les Saintes Martinique St. Aloisia Grenada and the Grenadins La Tortue and several Colonies in the Western part of the Spanish Island otherwise call'd Sancto Domingo 3. Upon the Southern Continent of America upon the Coast of Guyana the Island of Cayene where stands the Fort St. Michael de Ceperoux now call'd Fort St. Louis The Islands of Corou Coonama Comoribo c. 4. The Trade of the Coast of Africa upon the Rivers of Senega where they have a Fort Also upon the River of Gambia at Rufisque near Cape Vert at great Sestre at Ardra and many other places in Guinie 5. Fort Dauphin and many other Fortresses in the Island of Madagascar call'd by them the Dauphin Island The Islands of St. Marie Bourbon and Diego Rois The Bereaux new Suratt and other Places in the Mogull's
Country In the Kingdom of Tunquin at Siam in the Island of Java and in other places The Spaniards possess the largest and best part of all America where they have a great number of Cities 1. In Northern America New Spain where are the Parliaments of Mexico Guadalaira and Guatimala the Islands of Cuba Hispaniola Boriquen c. besides St. Austins and St. Matthews in Florida and some part of New Mexico In the Southern America the Golden Castile otherwise call'd the Continent where are the Parliaments of Panama and of the New Kingdom of Granada Peru where are the Parliaments of Quito Lima and de la Plata Chili and Paraguay which comprehends the Country of Tucuman and de la Plata The Islands also of Solomon in the South Sea. 3. All along the Coast of Africa upon the Sea-shore Larache Mahamore and the Canaries 4. Toward the East most part of the Phillipine Islands otherwise call'd the Manilles They had also some part of the Molucques but these they have long since quitted The Portugueses enjoy all the Coast of Brasil in Southern America and all along upon that Coast the Captainships of Para Maranhaon Ciara Rio Grande Paraiba Tamaraca Pernambuco Seregippe Baia de Todos los Santos Los Isleos Porto Seguro Spirito Santo Rio Janeiro San Vincente Toward the mouths of the Amazon River Estero Corduba and Cogemine 2. In Africa upon the Coast of the Kingdom of Morocco Mazagan Some Forts upon the River St. Dominic Upon the Coasts of Guiny Congo and Angola and certain Habitations in the Island of St. Thomas The Acores Madera and Porto Santo The Islands of Cape Verd and of the Prince Fernando Poo Annabon c. 3. Several places in the East-Indies viz. Cafreria upon the Coast of Monamotopa the Castle of Sofala the Village of Sena a Factory with a little Fort at Cape Corientes with other strong Houses upon the Entries of Guama and the Rivers upon the Coast In Zanguebar which is upon the Coast of Melinda The City and Castle of Mozambique with the strong Fort of St. Mark Factories and some little Forts at Angoxa and Quilimarre The Castle of Quiloa and a Factory in the Island Monfia The City and Castle of Mombaze the Castle of Melinda with the Villages and Factories of Pale and Ampaze The Trade of the Coast of Africa from the Cape of Good Hope to the Red-Sea In the Island Zocotora at Aden Fartach and Balsara In Persia Factories and half the Customs of the Island of Baharem and Congue the Traffick to Benderrich to Cape Jasques and other places In India belonging to the Great Mogul Damaon with the Forts of St. John Kielme Matri and Barampor Becaim the Fort Bandera otherwise call'd Manora the Village of Tana fortified with three Bastions the Rock of Asterim Ougueli upon the Ganges the Trade of Agra Amadabat Cambaye Surat Baroche Bengala and in Decan they have Chaul with the Forts of Morro Caranga the Village of Massagan Goa with her Fortresses in the Country of Bardes and the Islands of Coran and Divar and some other Lands about Goa Upon the Coast of China Macao In the Island Solor the Village and Fort of Larentoque the Traffick of Persia Golconda Aracan Pegu Tanacerin Ligor Odia and other Places of Siam Camboya and the Island of Timor The English have extraordinarily augmented their Territories in America They Trade to and Possess all the Northwest part of America New-York New-Jersey Pensilvania Mary-Land Virginia Carolina New-England most part of the Isle of New-found-land all Bermudas Long-Island Manhatten now New-York c. Of the Lucaya Isles as New-Providence c. Among the Southward Isles Barbadoes Barbouda Anguilla part of St. Christophers Montferrat Meuvis Antigo Dominico and part of St. Vincent St. Katherine's Isle called the Island of Providence Jamaica and Trinity Isle The Holy Point They had some Colonies in Surinam Maroni Sinamari c. with some Forts upon the Coast of Guyana In Africa Tangier near the Streights Fort St. Andrew upon the River of Gambia Fort St. Philip toward the River St. Dominico Tagrin Madrebomba Taxorari Cape Corso Emacham or Naschange and other places in Guinia and the Island of St. Hellens Madrespatan and Fort St. George upon the Coast of Cormandel The Island of Bombay Angediva A Factory at Surratt and Bantam with Houses where the Presidents live They have also Factories at Ispahan and Gombru where they have half the Customs a Trade at Agra Amadabat Cambaya Brodra Baroche Dabul Pettapoli Maslipatan at Balasor Oguely and at Daca in Bengal at Prianam and Jamby in Sumatra In Siam Camboya Tunquin and the Island Formosa The Hollanders were expelled out of their New-Holland in America However they still possess the Islands of St. Eustace Saba Curacco where they have the Fort Amsterdam and Tobago or New Flushing if not lately beaten out by the French. The City of Coro upon the firm Land. The Colonies of Rio Poumaron where there is the New City of Middleburg and the Fort Nova Hollandia Rio Esequebe a wide and great River at whose mouth lyeth three great Islands viz. Lugewaen Magrieten and Parrats Island Higher up the River are seven other Islands and further up the River is the Fort Kiick-over-all Rio Demarary and River Barbiezos The Colony of Soronam where is the Fort Pamaribo The River Caperwaca or Aperruvaca and the River Winypoco or Waiapoco and other places upon the Coast of Guyana In Africa Arguin and Goree toward Cape Verd where they have a Fort and Factories at Rufisque at Porto d' Alé and Joal St. George of the Mine the Fort of the Mine the Fort of Nassau or Mouré Cormentin Axime and Botrou in Guiny upon the Gold Coast Many Forts in Congo c. at the Cape of Good Hope and at Table Bay two Forts more In the Islands of Madagascar and St. Maurice Upon the Coast of Malabar Onor Barcelor Mangalor Cananor Cranganor Cochin Coulan Upon the Coast of Cormandel Tuticorin Negapatan Karkalle and Gueldres near Pallecate In the Indian Peninsula beyond Ganges Malacca with the Forts and Islands belonging to it In the Island of Ceylon Negombo Colombo Galle Baticalo Trinquilimaly Jafnipatan and a Fortress called Blakenburg in the Island of Mamar In the Island of Java Jacatra called Batavia and its Dependencies The Isle Amsterdam Leyden Middleburgh Delft Encbysen and Horn. The Isle of Bima part of the Molucca Islands In Ternate the Forts Tacomma Talucco Malaya and Gammalamme In Motir the Fort of Nassau In Machian Taffaso Tabilolla Naflaquia otherwise Nahaca and Maurice In Bachian Gammadore and Laboiia In Gilolo Sabou and Coma. In the Island of Amboyna Coubella and Lovio In the Banda Islands Nassaw and Belgia in Nera and Revenge in Powleway The Redoubt Hittow in the Isle Hittow In the Island of Solor Fort Henry Fort Janpaudam otherwise called Roterdam near the City of Macassar The Islands of Savo and Bocon near Macassar with another Fort in Timor Part of
is a place of Trade being in the Road of the Persian Caravans Thyatyra Akisar by the Turks the last of the Seven Asian Churches is a City well inhabited and of a very considerable Trade of Cotton-wooll which they send to Smirna Hierapolis Seideschecher Turcis teste Crussio Leuncl Pambuck-kalaf Smith Aphiom-Carassar Tavenn is seated over against Laodicea where are now to be seen the Ruines of vast Fabricks and the Grotta of Platonium of Strab. famous for those pestilential Vapors which it perspires Melaxo Mol. Melesso aliis formerly Miletus sent several Colonies abroad and a long time withstood the Kings of Lydia Halicarnassus famous for the Mausoleum built by Queen Artemisia in memory of Mausolus her Husband Xanthus famous for the stout Resistance of its ancient Citizens against Harpagus Alexander and Brutus in all which Sieges they suffered all Extremities imaginable Sattalia otherwise Antali lends its Name to a Gulph hard by Tarsus Tarsos Plin. Tarso Europis Terassa incolis Tersis Turcis Leuncl once a famous Academy and Archbishoprick and Metropolitan of Cilicia built by Sardanapalus Anno Mundi 3440. post Romam 60 Isodoro It hath also been called Antoniana Severiana Hadriana the place of St. Paul's Education Cogni the Iconium of old advantageously scituated in the Mountains Tiagna where the learned Apollonius was born Amasia Amasea Strab. Ptol. Amnasan Turcis is famous for the Birth of Mithridates and Strabo for the Martyrdom of Theodorus and for the Residence of the eldest Son of the Grand Signior built in the hollow of a Mountain Zela not far off built by Zeila Son of Nicomedes famous for the Victory of Pharnaces over Strabo Trebizond Trapesus Strab. Plin. Mel. c. Trabisonda Trebisonda Europaeis Tarabasar Turcis teste Leunc the Seat of an Empire of short continuance viz. 200 years from the year 1261 to the 1460. now the Residence of a Turkish Basha Tocat the new Caesaria of old is a fair City and one of the most remarkable Thorough-fares in the East where are lodged the Caravans from Persia Diabequer Bagdat Constantinople Smirna and other places The Christians have there Twelve Churches and there resides an Archbishop that hath under him Seven Suffragans The onâ— place in all Asia where Saffron grows in the middle of the Town is a great Rock upon the Top whereof is an high Castle with a Garison to command the Neighbouring Parts 't is govern'd by an Aga and Cadi for the Bashaw lives at Siwas which is the ancient Sebastia a large City three days Journy from Tocat Laiazzo the famous Issus near to Pylae Ciliciae where several Battels have been fought In modern Story That of a Soldan of Egypt against Bajazet the second Emperor of the Turks wherein he was defeated In the same place Alexander the Great defeated Darius in person There Ventidius Bassus vanquish'd the Parthians And Severus the Emperor overcame Pescenninus Niger his Rival in the Empire Not far off stood the ancient Anchiale built in the same day and year in which Tarsus was by Sardanapalus Satalia Attalia Ptol. Antali Turcis teste Leunc is famous for its rich Tapestries and for giving Name to the Neighbouring Gulph founded by Ptolomy Philadelphus King of Egypt Among the Rivers of Asia the Less there is first Thermodon upon whose Banks the Amazons inhabited now called Parmon Hali Halys Strab. Ptol. Pli. Laly Nig. Câ—silirma P. Gyl Otmagiuchi Aytotu Turcis teste Leuncl was the Bounds of the Kingdom of Cyrus and Croesus Granicus toward the Hellespont Granica Saus Lazzara teste Nig. was the Witness of the first Victory of Alexander the Great over the Persians Pactolus Strab. Plin. Chrysorhoas Sol. now Sarabat near to Sardis and Thyatira was famous for its golden Oar Meander Strab. Plin. Zenoph Maeandros Ptol. now Madre ex Aulocrene fonte oriens for his Swans and his Windings Cydnus near Tarsus now Carasu Leuncl whose Waters were so cold that they kill'd the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa who bath'd himself therein And Alexander who did the same was forsaken and given over by all his Physicians The most renowned Mountains of the Lesser Asia are Taurus which divides all Asia into two Parts as we have said already It is the most famous Mountain in the World for its Height its Length and for its Members Caucasus and Imaus Ida near to Troy is famous for the judgment of Paris between the three Goddesses On Mount Tmolus Midas preferred Pan's Pipe before Apollo's Harp. On Cragus was the Monster Chimaera made tractable by Bellerophon On Latmus passed the Loves of the Moon and Endymion Mount Stella for the fatal Overthrow of Mithridates by Pompey and Bajazet's by Tamerlain Of SYRIA SYria Soria Italis La Sourie Gallis Suristan Turcis Souristan Incolis By the Ancients it was divided into three principal parts viz. Syria Propria Phaenicia and Palestina or the Holy Land. At present the Turks divide it into three Beglerbegs viz. of Halep or Aleppo Tripoli or Tarabolos and Scham or Damascus which contains 16 or 20 Sangiacks whose Names and Situations being for the most part to us unknown I shall follow the Ancient Geography and first speak of Syria Propria In the Division or Parts of this I find much Contrariety among all Geographers and in all Maps Baudrand tells us 't is divided into Comagena Phoenicia Coelosyria Palmyrena and Seleucia In another place he saith its parts are Syria Propria Coelosyria Comagene and Palmyrene Cluverius saith 't is divided into Antiochene Comagene Coelo-Syria and Palmyrene Golnitz divides it into Comagena Seleucia Coelo-Syria and Idumaea Heylin into Phoenicia Coelo-Syria and Syrophoenicia Bleau into Comagena Coelo-Syria Phoenicia Damascena and Palmyrena I come therefore to speak of the chief places in Syria Propria which are 1. Antioch or Antiochia magna Theopolis à Justiniano Imperatore Rebbata à S. Trinitate by the Turks Antachia Leuncl once the Metropolis of Syria situate on the River Orontes now Assi or Hasei 12 Miles from the Mediterranean Shoar Once adorned with stately Palaces Temples c. The Seat of some of the Roman Emperors The Suburbs called Daphne from Apollo's Mistriss so called turned into a Laurel now 5 Miles from Antioch was accounted one of the most delicious places in the World famous for the Oracle and Temple of Apollo who was here worshipped in a Grove 10 Miles in Compass planted with Cypresses and other Trees so full and close together that the Beams of the Sun could not dart through watered with pleasant Streams beautified with Fountains and enriched with Variety of Fruits 2. Aleppo Chalybon Rawolfio Postello Beroea Berou or Beroe Zonara Cedreno P. Gyll Hierapolis teste Bellonio Sansone Brietio At present Aleppo or Halep is the greatest and principal City of all Syria and one of the most famous of the East and the 3d in the Ottoman Empire if we consider it as the Rendezvous of the Caravans and of the Turkish Armies as the Magazine of
made his Refuge but was strangled before he could accomplish his design Dadacardia Tav The Ruines whereof denote it to have been a large Town but now the Inhabitants have no other Habitation but the Hollows of Rocks Cousasar Tav Kodgiasar Thev is a Village where you pay the Customs of Diarbequir Tav rather of Merdin teste Thev Merdin Marde Herod Ptol. Merdino Onuph Mirdin Barb. Mirdanum Procopio two Leagues from Kodgiasar is a little City seated on a Mountain with good Walls and a Castle where is resident a Basha who hath under him 200 Spahi's and 400 Janizaries Karasara Tav Caradene Thev shews the Ruines of seven or eight Churches and was once a great Town one days Journy from Nesbin Nesbin is but the shadow of the ancient Nisibis of Strab. Ptol. Plut. Plin. and formerly a great Town now hardly an ordinary Village Mosul upon the West side of the River Tygris is encompassed with Walls of rough Stone plaistered over with little pointed Battlements on the Top. It hath a Castle built of Free Stone and the Walls are about three Fathom high on the Land side separated from the Town by a Ditch five or six Fathoms broad and very deep In the Castle there are six large Guns whereof one is broken and one is mounted several Field-pieces whereof two mounted The Tygris here in Summer is not broader than the River Sein in France but deep and rapid and in Winter 't is as broad again And here I cannot omit what Thevenot affirms of Sanson's Map of this Country viz. That besides the mistakes of Rivers he hath made so many Faults in the position of Places in their Distances as also in their Names that nothing of the Country is true in the Map. Diarbeck taken in general comprehends Arzerum the Assyria of old and Yerac the ancient Chaldea or Babylonia the chief Cities whereof are Babylon and Nineveh which were heretofore very famous now altogether ruined Nineveh just over against Mosul was the Residence of the King of Assyria 24 Leagues in Circuit The voluntary death of Sardanapalus and the Repentance of the Inhabitants have renowned it in Story Towards the Frontiers of Assyria inhabited a Warlike People called The Curds where many great Battels have been fought viz. That at Arbela and Gaugamela Plin. or Gangamela Strab. now near to if not the same with Schiahrazur the Seat of a Turkish Beglerbeg Renowned for the Victory of Alexander the Great against Darius killing above 400000 Persians with the loss of 300 Macedonians There the Califfs wan the Battel of Maraga which made them Masters of all Persia And near to Chuy Selim defeated Ishmael Sephi who had always been a Victor before Babylon lay a small days Journy from Bagdat which stands upon the Tygris and is only a heap of Ruins in a place called Felougia near to which they shew the place where stood the Tower of Babel famous for the Confusion of Languages This Babylon was built by Nimrod whom some affirm to be Belus Semiramis and Nebuchadnezzar much augmented it The first of the two having encompassed it with such Walls as were accounted one of the Seven Wonders of the World and the high and fair Gardens upon the Terras were no less admir'd It was taken by Cyrus by Darius by Alexander the Great who died there and by Seleucus The power and wealth of Babylon was so great that it contributed more to the Grand Cyrus than the third part of all his Dominions Next to Babylon Seleucia called Coche and Alexandria then Seleucia from Antiochus the Son of Seleucius teste Martiano now Bagdad or Bagadat teste Sansone was the most considerable City in all Asia and then Ctesiphon Baghdat or Bagadad generally called Babylon is not only the Rendezvous of several Merchants but also of the Mahumetans of all parts of Asia who go to visit the Sepulchres of Omar and Haly and other Mahometan Saints It was a long time the Residence of the Caliphs Ulit who was one of them was Master of one of the greatest Monarchies in the World for it extended from the most Western parts of Barbary to the East-Indies Another Caliph of this City at his death left Eight Sons Eight Daughters Eight Millions of Gold Eight thousand Slaves and the addition of Eight Kingdoms to his Dominion In the Year 1638. when Amurath the Fourth re-took it from the Persians he caused three Men out of every Tent through his Army to be cast into the Moat and over them a vast number of Bavins and Wooll-Sacks that he might the more easily assault the Town Kufa or Mecha Ali is a City for which the Mahometans have a particular Veneration as being the Burying place of Haly. Bassora or Balsora is the Teredon of Strab. Plin. Ptol. a Town near the mouth of Tygris which they of the Country call Shat. It is large and pleasant by reason of its Palm-Trees The conveniency of its Port furnishes India and Persia with Dates which are Bread and Wine to those that know how to order them Some few Years since Balsora fell under the Jurisdiction of Ali-Bassa who styl'd himself King thereof who left it to his Successors who enjoy it from Father to Son paying a small Tribute to the Grand Signior who is afraid to oppress him lest he should revolt but these two last Places properly belong to Arabia Of CANAAN CANAAN by Rob. Morden THis Country was first Inhabited by Canaan the Son of Cham and called by his Name He dying left it to his 11 Sons that bore the Name of the Children of Canaan at what time it contained 52 Kingdoms and 5 Satrapes Divided afterwards into 12 Tribes that bore the Names of the Sons of Jacob and Israel being conquered by Joshua and possessed by the Israelites who for 386 years were governed by Captains and Judges after that for 418 years by Kings From Rehoboam 10 Tribes revolted who chose the fugitive Jeroboam for their King His Successors were styled Kings of Israel so that it then contained 2 Kingdoms viz. 1st of Judah whose regal Seat was Jerusalem 2d of Israel whose Seat was at Samaria After 259 Years the Israelites were led into Captivity by the King of Assyria some say beyond the Caspian Mountains from whence they never returned And the Assyrians possessed their Land and were called Samaritans The People of Judah were also afterwards carried Captive into Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar after set at liberty by Cyrus and returned back under the Conduct of Zerubbabel After this they were called Jews and the Country Jewry and for about 364 years they were governed by Aristocracy until the Maccabees who after many Conflicts with their powerful Neighbours uphold the Government 131 years during which interval the Romans under Pompey conquer'd Judea and after the Death of Antigonus the last of the Race of the Maccabees Herod is made King by Augustus and Anthony a man of admirable Virtues and execrable Vices fortunate abroad unfortunate in his Family his
pleasant Here Money is Coined and here are several Towns but as for the Manners and Customs of the Inhabitants they are the same as in Mingrelia The King hath Four good Castles viz. Scander seated upon the side of a Valley Regia and Scorgia both almost inaccessible in the Mountains and naturally fortified 4 Cotatis bearing the Name of the Town and Country round it perhaps the Catatene of Ptol. 90 miles from the mouth of the River Phasis built at the foot of a Hill consisting of about 200 Houses it hath a Fortress built with several Towers and a double Wall. These Three Kingdoms are tributary to the Turks The Tribute of the King of Imiretta is 80 Boys and Girls from Ten to Twenty years of Age. The Prince of Guriel pays 46 Children of both Sexes And the Prince of Mingrelia 60000 Ells of Linen Cloth made in that Country The Princes of Mingrelia give themselves the Title of Dadian that is the head of Justice Of GURGISTAN Georgia by our modern Geographers and the Persians is called Gurgistan by the Georgians Carthuel By some Authors 't is divided into four particular Provinces viz. Imirette and Guriel of which we have spoken of before 3 Caket 4 Carthuel These two last are under the Persian Dominion and this is that which the Persians call Gurgistan and the Georgians Carthueli It is a Country full of Wood and very Mountainous yet encloses a great number of pleasant Plaines and the River Kur the Cyrus of the Ancients runs through the midst of it The Temper of the Air is very kindly their Fair weather begins about May and lasts till the end of November The Soil if well watered produces all sort of Grain Herbs and Fruit in abundance therefore as fertile a Country as can be imagined where a Man may live both deliciously and cheap Their Bread as good as any in the World and their Fruit of all sorts is very delicious Nor is there any part of Europe that produceth fairer Pears and Apples or better tasted nor any part of Asia that brings forth more delicious Pomegranates Their Cattel very good and plentiful their Fowl of all sorts is incomparable There is no better Meat in the world than their young Porkers of which there are abundance The Caspian Sea and Kur River furnish it with all sorts of Salt and Fresh Fish and there is also no Country where they drink more or better Wine No Men are more addicted to their sensual Pleasures and beastial Voluptuousness that is to Drunkenness and Luxury neither are the Women less vitious and wicked having an extraordinary Inclination to the male Sex and contribute more to that torrent of Uncleanness which overflows all the Country Nature saith Sr. John Chardin hath bestowed upon the Women of that Country Graces and Features which are not other where to be seen so that 't is impossible to behold them without loving of their more charming Countenances nor more lovely Statures and Proportions can be pencilled forth by all the Art of man They are Tall clear Limb'd Plump and Full but not over-Fat and extreamly slender in the Waste but that which spoils all is their Nasty Shifts and Painted Faces The Men are naturally witty nor would there be more Learned men or more Ingenious masters in the world were they but improved by the knowledge of Arts and Sciences but their Education is so mean and brutish having nothing but bad Examples that those Parts are altogether drowned in Vice and Ignorance so that they are generally Cheats and Knaves Perfidious Treacherous Ingrateful and Proud. There are several Bishops in Georgia an Arch-bishop and a Patriarch whom they call Catholicos There are also many Churches but nothing remaines of Christianity unless the name of their Fasts for they neither know or practise the least precept of the Law of Jesus Christ The Church-Men also will be as drunk and keep Female Slaves for their Concubines as well as others The Nobility exercise a more Tyrannical power over their Subjects than in Mingrelia challenging a right over their Estates Liberty and Lives if they seize upon them whether Wife or Children they sell them or dispose of them as they please The Province of Carthuel containes no more than four Cities Gori Suram Aly and Teflis Gori or Kori Armatica or Harmastis of old teste Sans is a small City seated in a Plain between two Mountains upon the bank of the River Chur at the foot of a small Hill upon which there is a Fortress built which is garisoned by Native Persians Suram is a small Town but the Fortress is large and well built having 100 Men in garison Teflis Artaxata Plin. Artaxia Tac. Artaxiasata Strab. by the Georgians Cala by some Tebele-cala is called also Darel Melec by P. Jovius Choim the fairest Citie in Georgia seated at the bottom of a Mountain at the foot of which runs the River Cur. The City is encompassed with strong Walls defended with a large Fortress on the South-side it contains about 14 Churches six belonging to the Georgians and the rest to the Armenians The Cathedral which is called Sion is seated upon the bank of the River built of all fair hewen Stone There is not a Mosque in Teflis though the City belongs to a Mahometan Emperor and governed by a Mahometan Prince The Bazars or Market-places are very fair and large built of Stone The Inns or Caravansera's are no less beautiful The Princes Palace is one of the most beautiful Ornaments in Teflis it hath been twice under the power of the Turks once in the Reign of Ishmael the second King of Persia and in the Reign of his Successor Solyman took it almost at the same time as he did Tauris The Kingdom of Caket is at present in subjection to the King of Persia governed by his Viceroy The Cities are all Ruines unless that which is called Caket or Kaket In the Northern part of that Kingdom the Amazons are supposed to have inhabited Ptol. fixes their Country in the Asiatick Sarmatia to the West of Wolga Quintius Curtius saith also that the Kingdom of Thalestris was near to the River Phasis and Strabo speaking of the Expeditions of Pompey and Canidius is of the same opinion Quiria borders upon the Caspian Sea its chief Places are Derbent Caucasiae Portae Plin. or Pylae Iberiae Ortel Demir Temir-Capi Turcis Alexandria Portae Ferreae Caspiae Portae of old now belonging to the Persians it is a great Market for Slaves and is a strong wall'd Town said to be built by Alexander the Great And Tarky at this day under the Duke of Moscovy Some Authors tell us of Stranu or Zambanach which answers to ancient Albana of Zitach or Gorgora thought to be the ancient Getara or Gagara of Ptolomy and Chipeche to be the ancient Chabala It contains the Circassian and Dagestan Tartars The Circassian Country is very fertile producing good store of Fruit and Grain and also good pasture Ground The Men
very ancient Extraction and maintain themselves in Mountains and Fortresses that are inaccessible Some of their Cities that terminate in Pore seem to retain the memory of Porus as others by Scander the Name of Alexander The Dominions of the great Mogul are larger than the Persians and equal to those of the great Turk His strength lies in the Number of his Subjects the Vastness of his Wealth and the Extent of his Empire his Revenue exceeding the Persian and the Turks both put together but the Sophi surpasses him in Horse in Arms and warlike People And with the Turk he keeps a good Correspondence as being both of the same Religion Guzerat yields him yearly above 18 Millions of Gold and the Merchants of that Country are accounted the best in all India It contains 3 fair Cities Amadabat Cambaya and Surat with about 30 others very considerable Amadabat Amacastis Ptol. teste Herb. Amadavastis in Arrian one of the greatest Cities in India and of a vast Trade The Buzzar is Rich and Uniform The Castle Strong large Moated The Mausâ—leum Stately compassed at a little distance with the Dormitories of many Cambayan Potentates and two Miles off are the curious Gardens and Palace of Chawn-channa a Persian Cambaya Camane Nigro Barigaza teste Baud. Syrastene teste Stuchio was call'd the Indian Caire as well for its Greatness as also for its Traffick and the Fertility of the Soil Here they shape the fair Agats that come from the Indies into several sorts of Workmanship and in the Suburbs they make Indico The Tides are so swift to the North of the Gulph that a Horse at full Speed cannot keep pace with the first Wave The Streets were formerly lock'd up every Night but the Sea and its Trade is fallen away from it Suraâ— the Muziâ—is of Prol. Herb. Siâ—astia Sans about 40 days Journy from Agra drives as great a Trade as any of the Cities of Asia though the Access to it be very dangerous and the River Tappy or Tindy which rising out of the Decan Mountains glides through Brampore and in Meanders runs by the Walls of Surat and after 14 or 15 Miles circumgyring to and fro discharges itself into the Ocean so shallow at the Mouth that it will hardly bear a Bark of 70 or 80 Tuns so that the Ships are forc'd to unlade at Soali or Swali remarkable for the mischance of Capt. Woodcock who at the taking of Ormus had lighted upon a â—rigat laden with about a Million of Ryals which he seized and coming into this Swali Road the Whale sunk Alas the uncertainty of fading Pelf The English and Dutch have there their Presidents and Factories making it the greatest Mart in the East-Indies Baroche is of a great Trade for Cottons the English have a very fair House there not far from which place Tavernier tells us That of a dry Stick a Mountebank in less than half an hour made a Tree four or five Foot high that did bear Leaves and Flowers Broudra is a great City in a fertile Soil and of a great Trade for Calicuts At Navapour near Surat grows the best Rice in the World. The famous Port of Bombay the Milizigeris of Ptol. belongs to the King of England where is built a strong Fort and Mony is coined there The Portugals have had frequent Quarrels with the Mogul about their Fortress of Diu the Patola of Ptol. teste Nig. Pinet Patalena Hid spa Plin. Strab. Petacal Castaldo Barace of Ptol. Adriano Here after Alexander had sail'd down the Indus and arrived at this place he invaded the Country of the Oxydracans and stormed the principal place of the Mallyans where temerariously mounting the Parapet and violently leaping into the Town followed but by 2 Officers he had perished by the Darts and Weapons of his Enemies had not the Army as Men desperate in his Rescue enforced their speedy Entrance This Island is about a League long and four Musquet-shot broad the Haven is barr'd with an Iron Chain being under the command of the Cannon of the Castle It was Nobly defended in the years 1539 and 1546 against prodigious Armies so that the Mogul was forc'd to let them settle there to his extreme dissatisfaction But the last Relations from those Parts brings News that the Portugals have been at length constrain'd to abandon it Agra was of old as some tell us called Nagara before that Dionysiopolis founded by Bacchus Nissa Justino vide Hacluyt fol. 489. It contains the Capital City of the Empire able to raise 200000 fighting Men upon occasion The Prince receives a great Revenue for about 200 Stows that are therein It is twice as big as Ispahan but ill built and without Walls and has been enlarged since 1566 when Eckbar resided there and having built a stately Castle or Palace gave it the Name of Eker-Ahad Deli or Dehly was the Residence of the Mogul before Agra and so continues since Sha Jehan had built the new City and called it by his Name Jehan Abad or Gehanabat where the Mogul hath a stately Palace half a League in Circuit Gouleor is a Castle where the Mogul imprisons the Princes of the Blood which he suspects Lahor is the Metropolis of that Kingdom built upon one of the five Rivers that descend from the Mountains to swell the River Indus It is the Rendezvous of the Caravans and was the ancient Bucephalus and has been by Report 24 Leagues in Compass Naugracut shews an Idol to which many come in Pilgrimage Fettipore if the Water had been good by this time had triumphed over all the Cities in India Bannaras on the Banks of Ganges is full of mishapen Pagods Cabul the Chabura of Ptol. by some thought to be the Alexandria Arachosia which the Macedonian built near the Mount Caucasus whose City bears the same Name is large and well fortified of great Trade for Horses Sheep and other Cattel and is in the great Road from Labor to Samarcand Mando is one of the fairest Towns of the Province of Malva fortified with Walls and a Castle on the top of a Hill. Siranaker is the chief City of Cassimere Multan is of a rich Soil and great Trade for Callicoes but decayed Attok or Atek Tau is one of the best and strongest Gaâ—isons the great Mogul has and no Stranger is permitted to enter without the King's Passport Buckar stands where the Rivers Rawey and Chaul fall into the Indus Lourebander and Diul are the Ports to Tatta Janagar is the chief City of Soret Beisher of Bankish Dankalus of Kakares Hardware of Siba Jambu gives Name to its Province as also doth Sambal Bikanar is chief of Bakar and Narual that of Meuat Pitan and Patna give Name to their respective Provinces between the Kingdoms of Cambaya and Bengala are the Provinces of Candis Chitor Malucy Berar and Ranas whose chief places are Brampore Chitor Rantipore Shapor the Sora of Ptel by Baud. and Gurchitto Jesselmere is the City where Ekbar was
born Asmere is famous for the Sepulchre of Hogi Hendown Bando and Janupar are three Provinces near Agra and Delli Rotas is one of the strongest places in Asia Brampore Baramatis Ptol. is a great City but much ruined with a Castle in the midst of it of a great Trade for Calicuts some painted with Flowers of divers Colours others white and clear and some striped with Gold and Silver Chytor is a City upon a high Rock claiming Precedency for Antiquity amongst all the Cities of India of old Taxilla supposed to be the Metropolis whence King Porus issued against great Alexander After which Battel Alexander celebrated the Bacchanalia at the Mount Maeres and for 15 days glutted his Army with those mystick Fopperies and constituted his Argyâ—aspides And at Nyssa built by Bacchus upon the Bank of the Hydaspis a Branch of the River Indus Alexander reposed famous in those days for the Sacred Mount and incomparable Vines there abounding which some think to be the first Plantation of the Patriarch Noâ—h Scronge and Chitpour are of great Trade for painted Calicuts called Chites those of Seronge are the most lively Colours and lasting Hallabas or Elabasse the Chrysoborca in Plin. by some Nisua teste Herb. is a great City upon the Confluence of Jeminy and Ganges which River there is no broader than the Seine before the Loure and at some times in the year so little water that it will not bear a small Boat much resorted to by the Bannyans for the Relicks of divers deformed Pagothia's These Bannyans swarm in multitudes all over the Indies sucking in the sweetness of Gain by an immeasurable thirst and industry But the Moors and Gentiles often ravish it from them for the Bannyan is no Hestor nor Fighter but morally honest courteous in Behaviour temperate in Passion decent in Apparel abstemious in their Diet industrious in their Callings charitable to the Needy humble to all and so innocent as not to take away the life of the smallest Vermin believing the Transanimation of Souls into Beasts a Persuasion though strange to us was not to our Country-men the Druidae of old Elora not much above three hours from Doltabad is famous for the many Pagods of Gigantick Figures of Men and Women cut in the Rock so that if one considers the number of spacious Temples full of Pillars and Plasters and the many Thousands of Figures all cut out of a Natural Rock it may be truly said That they are Works surpassing Human Force The River Ganges having received an infinite number of Brooks and Rivers from the North-East and West discharges itself by several Mouths into the Gulph of Bengala making several pleasant Islands containing many Towns covered with lovely Indian Trees Patna is one of the greatest Cities of India upon the Banks of Ganges about two Leagues long where the Hollanders have an House because of their Trade in Salt-petre Daca is a great Town about two Leagues long by the side of Ganges where the English and Hollanders have very fair Houses for their Goods and Trade reckon'd the Capital City of Bengala At Ouguely is the general Factory of the Dutch and at Kâ—ssen Baser is the House of the Director of all the Holland Factories in Bâ—ngala Kachemire Cachmir and Kichmir Thev is esteemed the little Paradise of India by reason of its Beauty At Banareus upon the Banks of Ganges and Jaganate upon the mouth of it are the ch ef Pagods than which nothing can be more magnificent by reason of the quantity of Gold and Jewels wherewith they are adorned and millions of People repair thither to celebrate their Festivals Bengala famous for its temperate Air for the Fertility of the Soil for the great store of Rice for its Cane or Bamboo's and its Calamba wood which yields the most pleasant scent in the world It gives its Name to one of the most famous Gulphs of Asia called Golfo de Bengala the Sinus Gangeticus of Ptol. It s yearly Revenue paid to the Mogul comes to a Million and 500000 Roupies clear the chief City thereof is Bengala by some Satigan Gange Ptol. Ganges Strabo Thevenot calls this Province Oulesser the Idolaters Jaganat Besides these Countries I find mention made by Mr. Tavernier 1. Of the Kingdom of Bouton of a large Extent famous for Musk Rhubarb Wormseed and Furrs and the Caravan is three months travelling from Patna to Boutan the way being generally through Forests and over Mountains which after you have passed the Country is good abounding in Rice Corn Pulse and Wine They have had for a long time the use of Musquets and Cannon and their Gunpowder is long but of great Force The Natives are strong and well proportioned but their Noses and Faces are somwhat flat and there is no King in the world more feared and more respected than the King of Boutan 2. Of the Kingdom of Tipra adjoining to Pegu of whose extent there is no certain Conjecture to be made there is a Mine of Gold but course as also a sort of course Silk which is the greatest Revenue the King hath 3. Of the Kingdom of Asem which is one of the best Countries in all Asia producing all things necessary for human sustenance yet Dogs flesh is the greatest delicacy there are Mines of Gold Silver Lead Iron and store of Silk and Gumlake Kenerof is the Name of the City where the King keeps his Court and at Azo are the Tombs of the Kings of Asem and 't is thought that these are the first Inventers of Guns and Powder which from thence spread into China They have Vines but make no Wine but dry their Grapes to make Aquavitae and of the Leaves of Adam's Fig-tree they make Salt. The Men and Women are generally well-complexioned but swarthy subject to Wens in their Throats as well as those of Bouton and Tipra They go Naked only covering their Privy Parts and a Blue Bonnet or Cap upon their Heads with Bracelets upon their Ears Arms and Legs The PENINSULA On this side GANGES INDIA on this side GANGES by R. Morden Cancer THis Peninsula is comprehended between the Mouths of Indus and Ganges and advances Northwards from the Estate of the Mogul to Cape Cormorin in the South and on the East and West it is washed by the Ocean or Indian Sea. It is divided into two parts by the Mountains of Gata which stretch themselves from the North to the South with several fair Plains on the top and occasion several Seasons at the same time for many times it is Winter on the one side and Summer on the other It belongs to above fifty Kings the potentest of which by degrees subdueth the rest The Portugals English and Hollanders have several places near the Sea with Fortresses for the security of their Trade which is generally in Spices Jewels Pearls and Cotten-Linen The other places upon the Land are inhabited by the Natives whose Petty Sovereigns not being able to hinder the Settlement of the Europeans
they obtain'd leave to raise a Cittadel which was the first Fort they had in the East-Indies but that Fortress was taken from them by the Hollanders in the year 1662. The Prince of Calicut calls himself Zamorin a Prince of great power and awe and not more black of colour than treacherous in disposition Many deformed Pagotha's are here worshipped but with this ordinary Evasion That they adore not Idols but the Deumo's they represent And the Dutch General who was Cook of a Ship Crowned the King with those hands which had oftner handled a Ladle than a Sword And exacts a Tribute from all the Kings of Malabar but most of them are dispens'd withall from paying it Besides this Prince there are in this Country the Kings of Cananor Tanor Cranganor Cochin Coulan and Travancor and 10 or 12 other considerable ones Cochin Colchin of Ptol. Herb. not much inferior to Goa pays Tribute to the Hollanders who keep the Castle The Harbor is pester'd with Rocks and Shelves Coulan has been much richer and better peopled than it is for it had formerly above 100000 Inhabitants Sopatpa in Arrian and Coâ—â—y in Ptol. Zamoryn valu'd it for its Situation for its Port and its Fidelity Since that the Sands having stop'd up the Port Goa and Calecut have got all the Trade from it Cananor Calligeris Ptol. teste Castal holds also some Islands among the Maldives viz. the Isle Malicut and the five Isles of Diavandorow Onor the Hippocura of Ptol. teste Baud. produces a weighty sort of Pepper and Black Rice accounted better than the White Baticale and Gersopa further in the Land are the Capital Cities of their Kingdoms included under the general Name of Canara To Malabar joins the fishing Coast called the Coast of Manar where they fish for Pearls in April for three weeks together The Country which contains about 30 little Cities is dry and Sun-burnt having no other advantages but by the Fishery for which they keep a Fair at Tuticorin The most part of it is under the Nâ—ic of Madure the Hollanders possessing only the Island of Kings where they have built a Fort and to which there is no coming but by a Chanel for the defence whereof they have rais'd several Works for conservation thereof being of so great importance to them by reason that thereby they are Masters of the Banks of Manar There is also found some Amber-greice and heretofore near to Cape Comâ—rin a Cape well known of old by Ptol. called Cory Calligicum by Strab. Conomencina by Plin. Calusca Colaicum Comar by Arrian in his Periplus Comara extrema or Cape Comryn there was a Pearl found that weighed above 30 Quintals Coromandel or Corobander Cartagar damna Ptol. so called from the abundance of Rice which it produces is famous for the best Ports of India The City of Meliapore Malipur incolis St. Thomaso Lusitanis Mâ—lange Ptol. or the Calurmina of Sophron. and St. Thomas's Anglis where that Apostle wrought many Miracles and where as their Traditions he foretold the coming of White People into that Country It is observed that the Off-spring of those that Martyr'd St. Thomas have one Leg bigger than the other â—â—liour is seated upon a small River having five Foot of Water at the Mouth of it which is about Cannon-shot from the City but small Ships had rather harbor themselves at Pelicate and the great ones at Nâ—gaâ—â—tâ—n which with Meliapor belongs to the Portugalâ— Pâ—licate besides the Town there is a Fort called Geldria that belongs to the Duâ—â—h where they have their chief Factory and where lives the chief Intendent over all the rest that are in the Territories of the King of Gâ—lâ—â—da In the Fort are generally 200 Soldiers besides Merchants The Bastions are well stored with good Guns and the Sea comes up to the very Wall of it Tavernier tells us That when the Inhabitants fetch their Water to drink they stay till the Sea is qâ—â—te gone out then digging holes in the Sand as near the Sea as they can they meet with fresh Water About 7 or 8 Leagues off is Fort St. George which belongs to the English whose Port or Harbor is called Madraspatan The Kingdom of Golconda is a Country abounding in Corn Rice Cattel and other Necessaries for Human Life and Bagnagar is the Name of the Metropolis commonly called Golconda which is the Name of a Fortress about two Leagues from it The City is said to be little less than Orleance seated upon a River which near to Mâ—slipatan falls into the Gulph of Bengala over which River there is a stately and fair Bridge into the City which is adorned with the King's Palace and the Houses of the great Lords and other Persons of Quality the Merchants and Tradesmen living in the Suburbs which are a League in length In this City is to be seen the Foundation of a magnificent Pagod which had it been finished had been the fairest in India there is one Stone which is an entire Rock of such a prodigious Bulk that 5 or 600 Men were five years before they could hew it out of its place and they say that 1400 Oxen were employed to draw it away The Men and Women of Golconda are well proportioned and of comely statures only the Country people swarthy there are said to be 20000 Licensed common Women about the City and Suburbs The present King descended from an ancient Family of the Turcomans is a Mahumetan and of the Sect of Hali and pays the Mogul an annual Tribute of 200000 Pagods Maslipatan is a great City and the most famous Road for Ships in the Gulph of Bengal the Argaric Gulph of old from whence they set Sail for Pegu Siam Aracan c. where Bloom saith the English have setled a Factory Concerning the Kingdoms of Narsinga and Bisnagar which some Authors make two distinct Countries though some others confound them together I shall give you this account That formerly the Territories of the Raja of Narsinga extended from Cape Cormorin all along the Coast of Cormandel as far as the River Guenga that falls into the Bengalan Gulph near the mouth of the Ganges the other Raja's being his Subjects that the last Raja who was at War with Ackbar the Mogul brought into the Field four Armies the first lay in that Province which is now called Golconda the second was quartered in the Province of Visapour the third in Brampore the fourth in Doltabat This Raja dying without Children the four Generals divided amongst them the Country but the Successor of the Mogul conquered again that of Brampore of Doltabat and part of Visapour but the King of Golconda became Tributary to him as was said before so that 't is very probable there are no such Cities as Narsingue or Bisnagar Tavernier in his Travels makes no mention of them The last Relations tell us that Gandicot Tav Guendicot Thev is one of the strongest Cities in the Kingdom of Carnatica about 85 Leagues from Meliapour and
1200 from Goloonda And that the greatest Raja on that side Ganges is of Velour whose Territories extend to Cape Cormorin and who succeeded to some part of the Estate of the Raja of Narsingue but in regard there is no Trade in his Country he is but little known to Strangers Thevenot tells us That the Usurpers were but three viz. of Viziapor of Bisnagar or Carnates formerly called Narsinga and Golconda Thus these Kings clashing together the Kings of Viziapor and Golconda warred upon the King of Bisuagar and seized upon several of his Towns so that he was constrained to flie into the Mountains and that his chief Town was Velour The Winter begins at Golconda in June with Rain and Thunder the Air was little cold at Night and in the Morning and in February the great Heats begin Vines are plentiful there and the Grapes are ripe in January They have two Crops a Year of Rice and many other Grains Some Relations make mention of the Naiques of Madure the Helura Ptol. Mundiris Arriano Modusa Plin. Tanaior and Gingi the Orthura Ptol. teste Baud. Orissa Castal of the Kingdom of Messur next to that of Madure but give us little of Remarque with Certainty Of the Peninsula Beyond GANGES A New Map of INDIA Beyond GANGES By R Morden THis Country in the elder Times was so Renowned for Wealth that one Tract of it had the Name of the Silver Region the other of the Golden Chersenese yet in truth the Country itself was but little known in the Times of the Ancients or the Interior part of it to us in these days Our latest Discoveries tell us 't is dismembred and subdivided into almost as many Kingdoms and Estates as Cities and Towns and into as many distinct Governments as there are Tribes and Nations amongst them the chief Cities of which are Pegu Triglipton or Trigliphon of Ptol. by Castal which was very considerable when it comprehended two Empires and 26 Kingdoms and then it was that Gold Silver Pearls and precious Stones were as common in the Court of Pegu as if the whole Orient had brought all its Riches thither But what its Revenues what its Government what its Forces and Riches now are I do not certainly find On the North of Pegu near Bengala is the City and Kingdom of Arachan now said to be subject to the Great Mogul Siriangh or Sirejang is a strong Fort on the mouth of the River given to the Portugals by the King of Arachan who at last were forced to yield it to the King of Ana by whom the Governor was cruelly Tortured on a Spit Sandiva is an Island about 30 Leagues in compass very fruitful once subdued by the Portugals but taken from them by the King of Arachan Anno 1608. 2. Siam of which our last Relation tells us That 't is a Country plentiful in Rice and Fruits The Forests of large Bamboo's are full of Rhinocero's Elephants Tygers Harts Apes and Serpents with two Heads but one has no motion The Rivers are very large and overflow the Banks when the Sun is in the Southern Tropick The Capital City is Siam the Sobanus or Cortacha of Ptol. about 3. Leagues in Circuit and walled the River running quite round it and in the Year 1665. fortified with very good Bulwarks by a Neapolitan Jesuit whose Port Town is Bancock six Leagues from the Sea. The Natives are all Slaves either to the King or the great Lords they have a great many Priests called Bonzes very ignorant yet greatly reverenced they hold the Transmigration of Souls into several Bodies and say That the God of the Christians and theirs were Brothers They have 33 Letters in their Alphabet and write from the Left to the Right contrary to the Custom of other Indians Their King is one of the richest Monarchs of the East and styles himself King of Heaven and Earth though Tributary to the Tartars as Conquerors of China He never shews himself in Publick above twice a Year but then in an extraordinary Magnificence He hath a great kindness for Elephants counts them his Favourites and the Ornaments of his Kingdom and styles himself King of the White Elephant for which there hath been great Wars between him and the Peguan King. Martaban said to be the Triglipton of Ptol. on the Gulph of Bengala once subject to Pegu now to Siam once a Kingdom now of a great Trade especially for Martabanes which are Vessels of Earth of a kind of Porcelain varnished with black and much esteemed in all the East 3. Malacca the Aurea Chersonesus of old in the Peninsula whereof are divers Kingdoms all which except Malacca are Tributary to that of Siam Tenasseri Juncalaon Quedda Pera and Malacca are on the Western part Ihor Puhang Patane Burdelong and Ligor are on the Eastern Coast Malacca the Tacola of Ptol. teste Alph. Adriano aliis Tacolais Juncalaon is the most famous being great rich and powerful An. 1511. the Portugals took it and kept it till 1641. when the Hollanders took it from them Among the Rarities of the Malacca or rather of the World is the Arbor Tristis which bears Flowers only after Sun-set and sheds them so soon as the Sun rises and this every Night in the year 4. Camboja Forte Pytindra or Pityndra of Ptol. on the River Mecon 60 Leagues up the River once one of the three prime Cities in this part of India The King thereof is or lately was Tributary to Siam whose Manners and Customs the People much resemble In the year 1644. four Holland Ships made into this River and got out notwithstanding all the opposition of the King of Camboja 5. Chiampa which communicates its Name to the Country said to be a distinct Kingdom It is seated near the Sea-side and of good Trade for the Wood called Lignum Aloes by some the Town is called Pulo Caceim Cochin China is said to be one of the best Kingdoms in all India it borders upon China of which it was once part and whose Manners Customs Government Religion and other Ceremonies they yet retain but their Language is that of Tonquin Among the Rarities of this Country is First The Inundation which in Autumn covers with its Waters almost all the Country making the Earth so fruitful that it brings forth its Increase twice or thrice a year Secondly Their Saroy Boura or matter wherewith the Swallows make their Nests which being steeped and moistned in Water serves for Sauce to all Meats communicating a variety of Taste as if composed of several Spices Thirdly Their Trees called Thins the Wood whereof remains uncorruptible whether in Water or Earth Sansoo is one of the greatest Cities of Chochin China and greatest Trade but now the Port failing it decays Haifo or Faifo is remarkable for its Forest of Orange and Pomgranate Trees Dinfoan is a good Port but of a difficult entrance Tachan is an Isle where the Fowls retire during the Heats Boutan is a good Haven Checo Kekio or Kecchio
formerly a famous City but swallowed up and shuffled into Ruins and Rubbish by an Earthquake which are very frequent in Japan Oudarro is a stately City adorned with a sumptuous Palace and lofty Spires The other chief Islands about Japan are Bungo Cikoko Saykok or Ximo all one Island but thus called by several Authors 2. Tonsa or Xicoco or Tokoese and Chiccock 3. Firando and Gotto with innumerable others Congoxuma is the first City where the Portugueses landed and got footing in Japan and was their Staple Nangesaque is the chief Staple and Residence of the Dutch in Japan first built by the Portugues This Lodge or Fortress lies on the small Island Disma and is the Magazine for all Indian Commodities and the best harbor for the reception of Merchant Vessels of any Port in Japan At this day the Hollanders pretend all Trade at Japan The extent of Jesso being Mountainous and abounding with costly Furs is yet unknown only that 't is a vast and wild Country full of Savage People cloathed with Skins of wild Beasts who can give no account further than they dwell Of the ISLES in the Indian Sea. SUch is the Infinity of these Isles that 't is impossible to give a just account of them I shall therefore only mention the most considerable And first of the Maldives The Maldives and Ceylon Ilands by Robt. Morden Of the Islands of the MALDIVES THE Maldives Islands situate under the Equinoctial Line derive their Name from the principal City called Male and Dive which signifies an Island They are reckoned to be about 12000 but that is supposed to be only by taking a certain Number for an uncertain They are dispersed from the North-West to the South-East into 13 Provinces which the Inhabitants call Attollons every one of which is fenc'd with a Bank of Sand but some of them are only Sand-hills or Rocks being all of them very little for Male the chief is but a League about They are divided by Arms of the Sea and environ'd with Rocks which renders the Access to them very difficult There are some Ports or Openings one opposite to another so plac'd that they give an Entrance into the four Attollons for the benefit of Trade otherwise the Currents would carry the Vessels above 7 or 800 Leagues beyond The Currents run six Months to the East and six to the West somtimes more somtimes less But the Sea being shallow the Winds outrageous and few Commodities to be had these Islands are not frequented by the Europeans The King of Maldives is called Rascan his Kingdom never is governed by the Female Sex and for his Revenue it consists in the misfortunes of others that is to say Wrecks at Sea. So that there is no trusting to the Maldives Pilots who will cast away a Ship on purpose that their King may have the Spoil On the other side the King himself uses to caress the Masters of Ships and to invite them to his Island to the end that dying of the Distemper of the Island which carries off Strangers in a short time he may be Heir to their Goods The Natives are little Olive coloured and Mahumetans They are subject to violent Fevers and Sickness by reason of the excessive heat They shave with cold Water catch Fish swimming and will dive to the bottom of the Sea to find a convenient place where to cast their Anchors They will fetch up out of the Sea with an incredible easiness an 100000 weight by the help of a Cable and some pieces of their Candon Wood. Their Coco's are very profitable to them for of those they make Wine Honey Sugar Milk and Butter They eat Almonds instead of Bread with all sorts of Food They put every Trade into a particular Island and to preserve their Wares from Vermin they build their Storehouses upon Piles in the Sea about an 100 paces from their Isles A Description of ZEILON alias CEYLON the Nangieris of Ptol. A New Map of CEYLON by Rob Morden THE Hollander is now Master of all the Sea-Coast the Inland Country is under the King of Candy and is divided into several Parts or Provinces which lie upon Hills fruitful and well-watered and are called in general Conde Uda This Inland Country of Conde Uda is strongly fortified by Nature the Entrances being up vast and high Mountains and the Ways so very narrow that but one Man can go a-breast and these Paths also are barricado'd up with Gates of Thorns and two or three Men to watch and examin all that come or go Candy or Conde by the Europeans Hingodagul-neure by the Inhabitants is the Chief or Metropolis of the whole Island bravely situated in the midst of it for all Conveniences but of late much decayed South of Candy 12 Miles distant lies Nellemby-neur where the King kept his Court when he left Candy Alent-neur is the place where the King was born and his Magazin for Corn and Salt. Badoula was burnt down in the time of War by the Portugals Digligy-neur is the place where the King now keeps his Court since the Rebellion Ann. 1664. its Situation is very Rocky and Mountainous being a place for Safety and Security Anurodgbarro is one of the ruinous Cities where they say 90 Kings have reigned distant from Candy 90 Miles Northwards Leawava affords Salt in abundance the Easterly Winds beating in the Sea and in the Westerly Wind which makes fair Weather it becomes Salt. Rece is the chiefest Flower of their Corn which is of several sorts some will be ripe in seven Months others in six five four and three but all requires water to grow in Their Seed-time is about July and August their Harvest about February Of Fruits there are great plenty and variety viz. the Betel Nut whose Leaves are 5 or 6 Foot long and have other lesser Leaves growing out of the sides of them some of these Nuts will make People drunk and giddy-headed and purge if eaten green There are also Jacks which are as big as a Peck-Loaf the out-side prickly like a Hedgehog and of a greenish colour the Seeds or Kernels do much resemble Chesnuts in colour and taste The Jombo is like an Apple full of Juice and pleasant to the Palat 't is white and delicately coloured with red as if painted There are also Murro's like Cherries sweet to the taste Dongs like Black Cherries Ambeloes like to Barbaries Carolla Cabella Cabela Paradigye like our Pears Here are also Coker-Nuts Plantines and Banara's of divers sorts sweet and sowre Oranges Limes Partaurings in taste like our Lemmons but much bigger Mangoes of several sorts Pine-Apples Sugar-Canes Water-Melons Pomgranats Grapes black and white Mirablins Codiews and several other There is also the Tallipot-Tree which bears no kind of Fruit until the last year of its life and then it comes out full of yellow Blossoms which smell very strong which come to a Fruit round and hard as big as our Cherries but not good to eat but the Leaf of
then two or three Alfaqui's or Priests examine the Candidate and being found deserving they grant him Testimonials of his willingness and abilities to be an Alfaqui and this is all the Education and Orders bestowed upon their Priests The Moors season of Prayers is five times in 24 hours The first is about Noon the second about Three of the Clock in the Afternoon the third at the going down of the Sun the fourth a little within Night the fifth a little before day in the Winter In their Addresses to these Holy Celebrations the Moors use great tokens of Reverence being very careful by washing c. in sitting themselves for the Giamma And here give me leave to hint what some of these Men which we count Barbarians have animadverted That the irreverent Carriage in Holy Places and sawcy Behaviour at our Sacred Solemnities by some of us Christians are great Reproaches to our Religion and often by them resented with Anger and Indignation Prayer they style The Key of Paradise and The Pillar of Religion and generally maintain so careful a performance of this publick Duty that no secular Business can detain them from nor any thing divert them at their Devotion As every Cavila have an Alcalib or High Priest chosen by the Alfaquis or Priest who is possessed of the Giamma Gheber or Great Church wherein every Friday which is their Sabbath he expounds some Text of the Alcoran so also every Cavila and Town have a particular Alcaddee from whom they cannot appeal to any other but Alcaddee Gheber or the chief of these Justiâ—ers who is appointed to receive such Appeals and is in constant attendance upon the King or chief Governor The Alcaddees sit in the Gates of the Cavila or some publick place to hear and determine all Cases And the Alcoran being the immutable Rule both of Civil Justice and Religion therefore according to the Letter and Interpretation thereof the Alcaddee frames all his Definitions and Judgments Here 's no intreaguing the Plea with Resolutions Cases Presidents Reports Old Statutes but according to the fresh circumstances of the Fact and the proof of what is alledged Adultery is a Capital Crime in the Moresco Catalogue and the person Convicted thereof without any regard of his Eminence or Quality is certainly stoned to Death For the first Theft the Convict is publickly whipped in the Market For the second he loseth his Hand For the third he dies exquisitely tormented and then exposed to the Birds of Prey All Homicide or killing of a Man by a Man is Capital Usury is totally forbidden by their Law for Mahomet hath made it an irremissible Sin but he that borrows Mony of another wherewith to traffick and gain gives the Lender an equal share of the Profits and it is usual for the Lender to forbear the Borrower till he perceive him frâ—udulent careless or unfortunate Marriage is in so peculiar an Estimation that Mahomed made it the second of his eight Precepts and the Moors are so generally observant of this Commandment that few among them are found to live out of the state of Wedlock if they are able to purchase a Wife Polygamy Concubinage and Divorce are used by them for Mahomed that he might the better complease the loose Humors of his first Sectaries made his Religion to contain many carnal Indulgences denying nothing to Musselmen that had any sensible compliance with their brutal Affections Of ALGIER A New Map of the Kingdome of ALGIER by Rob. Morden THE Kingdom of Algier is Famous as well for its Riches and Forces as for its Piracies of Christians and its Barbarousness to its Captives It was known to the Ancients by the Name of Mauritania Caesariensis Geographers divide it into five Parts or Kingdoms Telensin Tenes Algier Bugia and Constantina Grammajus tells us That the Turks have established therein twenty Governments whereof ten are upon the Coast and ten within Land To these he also adds ten Divisions more but so intermixed and uncertain that I shall not mention them But I shall proceed to a Description of the five principal Parts aforesaid and first of the Province of Telensin by the Inhabitants called Tremecen from its chief City which is the Timici of Plin. and Ptol. Marmol distant about seven or eight Leagues from the Sea. In the decay of the Saracenical Empire it usurped the Majesty of a Kingly Title which tho' much disgraced by being made subject to Abulthasen King of Fez after a Siege of thirty Months yet at last it assumed its Liberty under divers Kings of its own one of which viz. Abdalla shaking off the Spanish Allegiance submitted himself and Kingdom to Solyman the Magnificent It was once a City one of the greatest and fairest of Barbary and very strong for it sustained a Seige of seven years against Joseph the puissant King of Fez and at last forced him to raise it Humain al. One is the Antient Artifiga Sans Cisira Sïga of Ptol. Castaldo in 1535. ruined by the Castilians The Country about it abounds with Figs Oranges Pomgranats and Cotton of which the Inhabitants make divers Manufactures Haresgol or Aresgol is the Siga of Strab. Plin. and Mela. teste Marmol by some Zerfen or Zersen A Roman Colony and Residence of Syphâ—x before he seized the Estate of Mâ—ssiâ—issa It s situation is on a Rock surrounded with the Sea except on the South side once much greater than it is but the ill treatment it hath received from the Kings of Fez from the Califfs from the Moors from the Castilians and from the Arabs hath reduced it to that small Estate that it is now at under the Government of Algier Oran which the Africans call Tuharan rather Guharan the Nubian Geog. Vaharan is the Cuisa of the Antient Sans The Quiza and Zenitana of Plin. the Buiza of Ptol. taken by Cardinal Ximines in the year 1509. at which time the Spaniards lost but fifty Men killed four thousand Moors redelivered twenty thousand Christian Captives Marsa el Quibir Sans Marzachibar Merc. Mâ—rza Quivir Baud. Portus Magnus of Plin and Mela taken by the Marquess of Comares anâ— 1505. for the Spaniards It is one of the fairest greatest and securest Ports in all Africa Tefezara or Tefesre was the Astalicis or Astacilitis of Ptol. teste Marmol Hubbede or Hubet is the Mniara of Ptol. the Mina of Ant. Marmol Guagida the Lanigara of Ptol. Marmol is the capital City of the Province of Hanghad or Anghad possessed by the Arabs and noted for its Ostriches Beniarax or Beniarasid the Bunobora of Ptol. Sans is the Capital Town of the Province so called it contains twenty five thousand Inhabitants and pays twenty five thousand Ducates of Tribute Calat-Haoara or the Vrbara of old is strong Moascar the Victoria of Ptol. is the Residence of the Governour of the Algerins Batha is the Vaga of old much ruined but Villanov and Mol. tells us That Vaga is now Tegmedel Tenes is a Country both plain and mountanous
Spunges Ostrich-Feathers and chiefly Christian Slaves The Tarsis of the Antients teste Sanut memorable also in the holy Wars for the Sieges and Successes of two of our English Princes Edward the First and Henry the Fourth when but Earl of Darby As to the old Carthage let me only say that it was once one of the fairest Cities of the World when in its Splendor it was three hundred and sixty stadia in circuit like to that of Babylon Its Inhabitants so rich and powerful that they disputed with the Romans as was said for the Empire of the World but now lies buried in its Ruins Biserta is the antient Vrica of Caesar Cic. Plin. Ityca Polyb. and Ptol. Porto Farina and Incolis Garal-mesha Marmol and Faz Mazachares Nâ—g Bensert Arab. Biserta Ital. teste Baud. Here is a fair Burse or Exchange for Merchants two great Prisons for their Slaves and some Bastions to defend the Port which is good and large Memorable for the death of Cato consisting of a high and low Town the one on a Rock the other on the Sea. That of Sousa the Ruspina of Ptol. teste Sans but Mahadia is the Ruspina teste Mol. is a higher and lower City the first on a Rock and of difficult access the later on the Sea with a good Port. In the year 1619 the Duke of Savoy made an unsuccessful Enterprise upon them Within this Government is the City Hammametha Arab. the Adrumetum Plin. Hadrumitum Melae Adrumittes Ptol. which by Adianus is now called Toulba by Merc. Mahometta which communicates its Name to the neighbouring Gulph in the bottom whereon it is seated having strong Walls and a safe Harbor In the Government of Africa Merc. Mahadia Incolis teste Faz El-madia Sans the Aphrodisium Ptol. is a City of the same Name twenty Leagues from Mahometta It s Situation is in a Peninsula guarded with a double Wall and good Ditches Its Port capable to lodge fifty Gallies but its entrance so narrow that a Gally cannot pass without lifting up its Oars Sanson makes El-madia to be the antient Thapsus where Caesar defeated Scipio and Juba after which defeat Cato slew himself at Vtica by Sans now Benserta And Scipio being met by Caesar's Fleet passing his Sword through his Body flung himself into the Sea Juba retired to Zama where he had left his Children and Treasures but being refused entrance he and Pâ—trejas retired into a House in the Field where they killed themselves Zamara is the Zama of Polyb. Strab. and Plin. teste Marmol Zamamizon Plin. where Hannibal was overcome by Scipio one hundred Miles from Mahametta and one hundred and twenty from Tunis Goletta is a Fortress between Tunis and the Sea under this Fort General â—lake with the English Fleet fired the Pyrate Ships of Tunis in 1654. Cayroan was the Residence of a Caliph or one of Mahomets high Priests It is the antient Thesdrus where Massinissa beat Asdrubal while Scipio look'd on Begge Beja lies in a Soil so fertile in Corn that the Natives say That if there were but two Beja's there would be more Grains than Atomes of Sand upon the Sea-shore The River Guâ—dibalbar Mol. makes so many windings and turnings that you cross it twenty five times in the Road from Bona to Tunis Rubricatus Mela. and Ptol. Armua Plin. Ardalio Oros Ladog Cast Jadâ—g I. Leon. But Bagradas Ptol. Strab. Liv. Magrida Leon. Mâ—grada Mar. Magiordeck P. Joviâ— Macra Polyb. Bagrada Caes is made to be the River Guadibalbar in the Maps of Ortelius and Sans Between the Kingdom of Tunis and the Island of Malta lie some little Islands as Pantalarea belonging to the King of Spain wherein is a Gulph from whence the Vapors that thicken upon the Rock above destill as much Water as serves for the use of the Inhabitants the Cossyra Ptol. Cosura Mâ—la Flac. Cosyra Plin. Cosura Strab. distant from C. Bona olim Hermâ—ae vel Mercurii promontorium forty five Miles and from Maltha olim Melita ninety Lampadosa and Limosa belong to the Knights of Maltha In Lampadosa stands a Chappel famous for the Offerings of both Turks and Christians And it has been observed that never any Sacrilegious Person went unpunish'd that robb'd it The first Lopadusa of Strab. and Ptol. The other Aethusa and Aegusa teste Ort. Checara I. Italis Circare Gallis Querquene Merc. Charchana Faz is the Circina and Circinna of old The Kingdom of Tripoli is a barren Country considerable only for the Trade of Tripoli in Barbary so call'd to distinguish it from Tripoli in Syria and Natolia Capes and Caps Nig. Castal c. is the Tacape of Plin. Cape Ptol. Capa Procop. Thacapae or Tacapae Ant. Upon the Coast of this Kingdom lie the two Syrtes the little one is called The Gulph of Capes by Ortel Golfo di Caps by Faz Golfo di Beito In circuit 190 Miles the great one The Gulph of Sydra Golfo di Solocho and Golfo di Palo in the Charts Gallis Les Seiches de Barbarie Baxos de Barbaria Hisp Golfo de Sidra Italis In circuit about four hundred Miles teste Baud. 625. Plin. infamous for the shipwrack of Vessels inhospita Syrtis Virg. 4. Aeneidos The Island of Gerbas where the Spaniards were defeated in the year 1560. by the Infidels And here it was also that Dragut the Pyrate escaped the famous Doria it was the Lotophagites of Strab. and Ptol. Meninx Plin. Mirmex Polyb. Girba Ant. Gerbi Faz Old Tripoli formerly Sabrata Sans is now decayed The Sabathra Ptol. Sabatra Plin. Raksanabes Villan Saxambis Mol. But New Tripoli of Old Ocea is much enriched by Pyracy Along this Coast are some Isles where grows the fruit Lotes very sweet and pleasant and on the South of Tripoli is the fairest and best Saffron Lepeda and Lebeda Baud. the Leptis of the Antients well known to the Romans and to the Arab. of Nubia Zoara of old Pisida noted for its scarcity of Water Of the Kingdom of Barca Cyreniaca Lybia Marmarica are now comprehended under the name of Barca which begins on the part where formerly stood the Altars of the Phylenians which were also the bounds between the Territories of Carthage and Cyrene and after that to the Empires of East and West It is a Country for the most part dry and barren covered over in most places with a thick light Sand continually moved about with the winds turning Hills into Vallies and Vallies into Hills As infamous for the birth of Arius who denied the Divinity of Christ so as famous for one of the Sybils hence named Lybica These Sybils were in number ten viz. Persica Lybica Delphica Cumaea Samia Hellespontica Tiburtina Albunea Scythoea and Cumana which last is said to have written the nine Books of Sybils presented to Tarquinius uperbus which contained Prophesies of the Name Birth and Death of Christ The chief places of most esteem in former times were 1. Barca of old called Ptolomais of such account that it gave name to the whole Country
the richest the most populous and fullest of Merchants of all Egypt It is built upon the River Nilus in form of an half Moon But it hath no Walls nor Fortifications only a round high Tower where there is neither Watch nor Ward nor Guns yet memorable for the often Sieges laid unto it by the Christian Armies and the taking of it Anno 12 8 and â—â— 9. The Trade of this City is in Linen and Stuffs of all kinds and Colours Coffee and Rice of which last there is every year above five hundred Ships great and small loaded out for Turkie The pickled Mullets here are highly esteemed all over the Levant The Town is governed by an Aga sent thither by the Pacha of Cairo Mansoura is situate upon the East side of the Nilus Here St. Lewis the French King was taken Prisoner by Sultan Saleh in the History of the Holy War translated out of the French 't is called Kaseâ— It s antient Name I find not by its situation it should be near unto the Tanis of Strabo and Ptol. the Taphnis Ezekieli Pelusium called Belbais by W. of Tyre now Calixene teste Bonacciola was the Birth-place of Ptolomy the Geographer and the Episcopal Seat of Isidore Rosetta Italis Raschit Turcis the Metelis of Ptol. and Mela teste Ben. Tudelensi Bolbitina teste Villano Mol. aliis Canopus But by Ziegler Bocher or Bichieri vulgo C. d. Be ur is the Canopus from Canobus Menelaus Pilot here buried and where stood the Temple of Serapis According to F. Vanslebius Fuva or Fuoa seated upon the East side of Nilus seven hours from Rosetta was by the Greeks called Metelis and in the Copties Dictionary Messil which he saith is very antient a great and considerable Town in a delightful Territory of pleasant Fields and Gardens and that Geziret or the Island of Gold is over against this City At Rosetta the Nilus hath two Branches or Mouths which run into the Sea which are guarded with two Castles that which is about a Mile and a half from Rosetta is a square encompassed with strong Walls built according to the old way having four Towers furnished with seventy four Pieces of Cannon whereof seven are of an extraordinary bigness The other Castle is but a Mosque before it stand seven Pieces of Artilery on the Ground The Waters of Maadie is a Gulph or Pool whose Waters are very salt and comes not from Nilus Benesuaif is the Hermopolis of Strab. and Plin. teste J. Leone the Hermetis and Hermopolis Ptol. Here Pan and Hircus were worshipped teste Zozomeno in Historia Eccclesiastica 'T is now called Ischemunein teste Vansleb Seminaut the antient Sebennis or Sebenit teste Vansleb Sturione Negro is a great Town seated on the West side of Nilus where the Barks that sail for Cairo pay Custom The Custom-house is built upon a Ship in the River Mitgamr is a very beautiful and large Town in the middle way between Damiata and Cairo on the East side of Nilus and over against it is Sitfe a fair and large Town Chana is the Ombri or Ombros Invenal teste Ortel rather Coptes teste Ramusio forty four Miles from Thebae and three hundred from Alexandria Alguechet is the Oasis Magna of Herod Ptol. c. Anasis Strab. Avasis aliis now Gudemez Zieglero El-Eocath or Eleochet is the Oasis parva Azagar Barria Abutich or Albutig is the antient Abydus test Cast Mol. Sues or Suez the Residium of Strabo the Arsinoe and Cleopatris Ptol. teste Zieglero which contains not above two hundred Houses with a bad Port is nevertheless the Turks Arsenal upon the Red-Sea The Haven is small and shallow for neither Gallies nor Ships can enter into it till they are half unladen which is the reason that most of the Vessels lie in the Rode where they are more secure than in the Port. The Governor keeps two small Gallies and some other Vessel to maintain his Authority in the Red-Sea The Commodities of the East Indies were heretofore brought thither and then convey'd into Europe but now the Turks enjoy no more that Commerce by reason of the settlement of the Christians in the Indies The Ships set out from Sues in the Spring and Summer when the North Wind blows the South Winds being most constant in Winter and Autumn Cossir formerly Berenice was the Port whither the Romans ordered all goods to be brought that came from the East Indies which from thence were carry'd the nearest way by the Nile to the City of Coptos now call'd Cana. Buga in the most Southern part of Egypt is a Kingdom according to the Relations of 657 tributary to the Abyssins The antient Town of Arsinoe situated near Fium is totally ruined nothing now remaining but a great many Mountains made of the Ruins and Rubbish of the Town once one of the most great and glorious Cities of Egypt The Monastery of St. Anthony hath no Gate but Men and Beasts are all drawn up over the Wall by a Pulley it hath about two thousand four hundred Acres within the Wall. Siut called in Greek Lycopolis teste Vanst but Baud. tells us Licopolis is now Munia teste Mol. is one of the most famous Towns of the Upper Egypt seated at the foot of a barren Mountain that stands on the West side about half a League from Nilus The Town is great and populous full of Christian Copties where is a Cave cut in the Rock large enough to draw up in Battalia one thousand Horse Tahta is seated near the Ruins of the antient Town Abutig called by the Copties 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 upon the Banks of Nilus about two days journey from Siut towards the South The Monastery of St. Sennodius the Archimandrite sirnamed the White is built near the Ruins of the Antient Town Adribe where are the Remains of one of the most Magnificent Structures that hath been in Egypt Minie is an antient great and fair Town on the West side of Nilus where are made the Bardaques or Water-pots which are so highly esteemed at Caâ—ro Isne Vansl Asna J. Leont the Syene Plin. Ptol. Diod. four hundred and fifty Miles from Alexandria Isvan Asnan or Asuam is the Metacompsa of Ptol. Tacompson Plin. Tachemimpto Mela teste Zieglero Tuot is Eleven Leagues North of Isna on the East of Nilus where is a Temple of the antient Egyptians Arment is twelve Leagues from Tuot now ruined and forsaken where the Egygtians believe Moses was born At Luxor two Leagues from Tuot are to be seen the Remains of an antient and beautiful Temple in which are seventy eight Pillars of a prodigious bigness and at the old Luxor is an antient Palace whose Ruins shew that it hath been very glorious Bethsames was one of the chief Cities of Ramasis or Goshen Abydus now Abutich once the Royal Seat of Memnon renowned for the Temple of Osiris and the Statue of Memnon The chief Lakes in Egypt were Mareotis now Lago de
Antacon Sebaka Vansleb the other Meeris now called Buchiarea or Kern Vansleb BILEDVLGERID ZAARA c. Biledulgerid Sarra Terra Nigritarum Guine Nova Descriptio Robt. Morden BIledulgerid improperly is the Numidia of the Antients where inhabited the Getuli it signifies a Country plentiful in Dates Which is a Fruit which much enriches the Inhabitants This part of Africa extends from East to West almost as far as Barbary It s principal Parts are Sus or Tesset Darha Segelomessa Tegorarin Zeb and Mezzab Techort and Guergula Biledulgerid and the Desert of Barca Sus by Sanutus is called Tesset to distinguish it from that in the Kingdom of Morocco It is said to have many Towns Castles and Villages Its Inhabitants are Beriberes Africaâ—â— or Arabs Tesset is a Town of about four hundred â—â—â—ses Darba its chief Town 〈…〉 same name seated upon a River a so so called Segelomessaâ—â— one of the greatest and best Provinces of Biledulgerid whose chief City bears the same name containing several small Estates Tegorâ—rin hath more than fifty walled Towns and one hundred and fifty Villages Zeb and Mezab are much troubled with Scorpions whose bitings is mortal The Estates of Techort and Guergula have each their Prince yet pay Tribute to Algier Biledulgerid or Beled-Elgered contains the Estates of Gademes Fezzen and Teorregu the chief City is Caphsa the Capha said to be built by the Lybian Hercules There are in Biledulgerid some few Mahometan Kings whose power is very inconsiderable The Arabians under their Cheicks or Cheifs are very strong in Horse and would be able to attempt great things were they not so much at War among themselves Sometimes they assist the Turks sometimes the King of Morocco and Fez. The change of Governments and diversity of Languages has made a great alteration in the Names of the Cities The Arabians are great Hunters of Ostridges as getting great profit by it For they sell the Feathers eat the Flesh make Bags of their Skins to put their baggage in they divine by the Heart they make their Medicaments of the Fat and Pendants for their Ears of the Claws and Beaks Mount Alas extends some of its Limbs into Biledulgerid And the Cape of Non was for a good while the furthest shore of the Portugal Navigation Zahara or Zaara signifies a Desert And is part of that which the Antients called Lybia interior where lived the Antient Getuli and Garamantes The Getuli were a people of the Interior Lybia Vagrants having no certain fixed Habitation teste Silio Melas By Pliny they are placed in Mauritania Caesariensis next to the Massaesylis By Ptolomy in Lybia interior near to Dara By Honorius between Carthage and Numiâ—ia There is nothing to be seen but Sand Mountains and Scorpions for which reason the Inhabitants wear Boots to preserve themselves from being bitten by those Animals Nevertheless the Air is wholesome and the Sick are brought thither out of other Countries to recover their Health The Arabians make three Divisions of it Cebel where the Sand is small without any greenness Zaara where it is all Gravel and somewhat green And Asgar full of Lakes Grass and Shrubs Travellers must provide themselves of all necessaries For the Houses and Wells are so far distant one from another that a Man may Travel a hundred Leagues together and not meet either with Lodging or Water In one of these Deserts a Merchant suffer'd so severe a Drowth that he gave ten thousand Duckets for a glass of Water and yet he dy'd as well as the Carrier that had receiv'd the Money Men are forc'd sometimes to bury themselves in the Sands to avoid the Lions and other Wild Beasts that make a most dreadful roaring in the Night The Natives are for the most part Shepherds and the best Huntsmen in the World but very miserable Some of them are Mahumetans but the most part Libertines Several petty Lords receive the Tribute of the Caravans that pass through the Country Their other Revenue consists in Cattel and when they value the Wealth of a Man they ask how many Camels he hath There are reckon'd to be five principal Deserts Zanhaga Zuenzâ—ga wherein there are Salt Pits Targa Lempta and Berdoa to which some add Borno and Gaoga The Ghir which is their biggest River makes some very considerable Lakes and is lost in the Sands in several places as it runs the Rio Ouro was so call'd by the Portugals by reason of Gold which they found in it at their first coming This River runs under the Tropic through Desert Countries with ten or twelve Arms toward the end of its course The Coast to Cape Bejador is nothing but white and grey Sand-hâ—lls overgrown with wild Bulrushes Nigritia or the Land of the Blacks seems to be so call'd from the Antient Nigrites so term'd also from the blackness of their Complexion Or else from the Colour of the Earth which in some parts is all scorch'd and burnt up by the excessive heat The Niger somewhat qualifies the heat of the Country but the Rains occasion several Diseases Cape Blanco or Caput Album is a long extent of Sand as hard as a Rock about ten or twelve Cubits high with a spacious Port where Ships ride safe what ever Wind for the most part blows Arguin a Castle in a small Island belongs to the Hollanders Barks may go up the River of Saint John and there Trade with the Negros for Ostridge Feathers Gums Amber and some small parcels of Gold. Senega one of the principal Arms of Niger is not above a League over at the Mouth The Coast to the North of Senega is very low not to be seen hardly twelve Leagues off the Road of Cape Verd. the Asinerium promontorium teste Barrio Mancandan and Besenege Thev Ryssadium promâ—nt teste Nigro is about twelve Fathom deep with a grey Sand at the bottom The Flemish Island or Goree is fortified with a Platform flank d with four Baslious with a strong brick Tower. The entry into it is upon the West part of the Island where a Ship of fifteen hundred Tun may Ride The Road is good but there is little fresh Water Rafrisque is a very convenient retiring place Gambia is about five Leagues over at the Mouth but is not Navigable for Barks above sixty Leagues by reason of the Sands and Rocks in it Some say that the Portugals go up the Niger as far as the Kingdom of Benin which is above eight hundred Leagues That the Danes possess Cantozi toward that part where Niger divides it self That Niger makes several Lakes upon which are built many fine Cities from whence there go Caravans as far as Tripoli in Barbary The Negros are very simple Idolaters toward the Sea and Mahumetans in the Inland Country They have some very considerable Kingdoms but the greatest part of their Cities are not so good as our Villages the Houses being built of Wood Chalk and Straw and many times one of these Cities make a Kingdom
is a profest Enemy to them Towards the South the barbarous Nation of the Gallans have either wasted or possessed the Kingdoms of Dawaro Bali Fatagar Wed Bizama Cambata Alaba Zendero by the Portugals Gingiro and Enarea the Southern Bounds Lastly the River Maleg and Nilus rowling through several vast Deserts close up the Western Limits The Inhabitants are now called Habessines Abessines or Abassenes a Name given them by the Arabians in whose Language Habesh signifies Confusion or mixture of People The Germans sound it Shabâ—sh or Hbabâ—sh the Italians Habascia the French Habech the Portugals Abex But they generally call their Kingdom Itjopia Ethiopia and themselves Itjopiawjan Ethiopians and also Geez and the Country of Agâ—azi or the Land of Agâ—azjan that is Freemen These Abâ—ssenes formerly inhabited Arabia and were reckoned into the number of the Sabeans or Homerites So Stephanus relates out of the Arabicks of Vranius that they bordered upon the Sabeans The Grecian Writers called them Axumites and many of the Antients called them Indians others the Empire of the Negus and some the Kingdom of Prester John. The Kingdoms of Ethiopia are variously named by most Authors Pauius Jovius distinguishes the Empire into more than forty Kingdoms Matthew the Amenian first Ambassador from the Abassenes to Portugal will needs have sixty Tessa Sionus affirms sixty two P. Nicolaus Godignus from John Sabriel a Gortuguese Colonel that had been many years there asserts twenty six Kingdoms and fourteen Provinces But Job Ludolphus in his History reckons these 1. Amhara the most Noble where are those inaccessiable and fortified Rocks Gelhen and Amhacel where formerly the Kings Sons were secured 2. Angot 3. Bagemder in the old Maps Bagamidri a large and fertile Kingdom watered with many Rivers 4. Balli the first subdued by the Gallans 5. Bizamo 6. Bugna 7. Gambata the Inhabitants whereof are called Hadea 8. Cont by the Portugals called Couch 9. Damot 10. Dawaro 11. Dembeja or Dembea now famous for the Royal Camp continually pitched there 12. Enarea by the Portugals Narea and by Gordinus Nerea 13. Tatagar 14. Gafat 15. Gajghe 16. Gan 17. Ganz 18. Ghedm 19. Gojam Goyame in the Maps famous for the Fountains of Nile therein now discovered 20. Gombo 21. Gonga 22. Guraghe 23. Ifat 24. Samen by Tellezius Cemen 25. Set. 26. Sewa or Shewa by the Portugals Xoa or Xaoa a very large and opulent Kingdom 27. Shat by the Portugals Xat 28. Tigre or Tegra one of the principal and most fertile Kingdoms where the former Kings kept their Courts at Axuma 29. Is Walaka by the Portugals Oleca or Holeca The 30. Wed by the Portugals Ogge of all these the King of the Abessines enjoys at present Amhara Bagemder Cambata Damot Dembea Enarea Gojam Samen and Sawa with the Provinces of Emfras Mazaga Tzagade Wagara and Walkayt to which we may add the Coast of Abax ou de Abexim whose chief places are Suaquem Ptolemais Ferarum of old Ercoco or Arguico the Aduliton Plin. Adalis Steph. Adule Ptol. and Zeita or Auce Gurele the Avalites of the Antients The two first places belong to the Turk the last to the King of Adel. The Air is various in low and open places the heat of the Sun is intolerable as the Coast of the Red-Sea and the Islands especially at Suaquen it excoriates the Skin melts hard Indian wax in a Cabinet and sears your Shoes like a red hot Iron But the higher you ascend the Mountains from the Coast of the Red-Sea the more temperate you shall feel the Air which is generally healthy Their Thunders are dreadful ratling continually with Lightning incessantly flashing Their Rains are violent pouring from the Clouds not by Drops but by Streams and the Earth also opens her Mouths and vomits up Water which renders their Winters for three Months very unpleasant tedious and troublesome They have a Whirlwind which they call Senda which signifies a Snake so furious that it throws down all before it Houses Oaks c. There are properly but three Seasons among the Abyssines viz. the Spring or season of Flowers which begins upon the 25th of September called Mâ—â—zau Then the Summer which may be divided into two parts the season of Harvest or Autumn which begins upon the 25th of December called Tzâ—dai The Summer Season called Aagai which my Author saith begins upon the 25th of June but I suppose rather the 25th of March for it must follow their Harvest and Autumn And then their 〈◊〉 or Winter begins on the 25th of June So that our Summer is their Winter But upon the Coast of the Red-Sea there their Winter is in November December and January as in Europe which sufficiently convinceth what some Geographers affirms that the Pâ—â—iâ—â—â—i or those that dwell under the same Meridian have the same Winter and Summer Abassia abounds in Gold which is found in the shallows of Rivers in Damota and Enarca upon the superficies of the Earth and is the chiefest Tribute which they pay In the confines of Tigra and Angora are natural Mountains of Salt in the Mountains it is soft but in the Air it hardens from whence it is conveyed in Caravans or Cafilas and vended through all the neighbouring Countries and serves them instead of Money to buy all things not much desired Gâ—ms and Jewels are in Ethiopia but black Lead they more esteem of to black their Eye-brows And for Iron they find it in great plenty upon the superficies of the Earth All Ethiopia is very Mountainous between which are immense Gulphs and dreadful profundities among the Mountains Lamalmâ—na lifts up her head more loftily than the rest and is most dangerous But the most famous are Amba Gâ—shâ—n and Ambacel in the Kingdom of Ambara where the Ethiopia Princes used to be caged up And in our old Maps and Globes called Amara and placed under the Equinoctial In these Mountains the Inhabitants breath a serene Air and they are as so many Castles not only for Habitation affording pleasant Springs but for defence against their Enemies the 〈◊〉 and Gallans for some of these Mountains are so craggy and precipitous that there is no way to get up without Ladders and Cattle are drawn up with Cords Tellâ—ziâ—s writes that the Alps and â—â—enâ—â—ns compared with the Abâ—ssin Mountains are but low Hills And the Portugal Mounts are but trifles to them The tops of some of them are very spatious with Fields Woods Fish-ponds and runing Streams as Amâ—â— Dorbâ— c. The temperature of the Air makes the Country healthful and maintains a vivacity in the Inhabitants sometimes to an hundred years Only in Tygra about the beginning of the Ethiopick Spring which is in the Month of September and October Feavers are rife He rationally conceives that the Rivers flowing from the Mountains in this Country take their rise from the Rain-water insinuating it self into the Pores of the Earth and Clefts of Rocks and so passing into subterraneous Vaults observing that in those Countries where
in the year 1486 was by them rejected who therefore sent his Brother to King Henry the Seventh of England which Messenger whether being taken Prisoner by Pyrates and detained along while or deferred at Court after his Address we find not certainly related but true it is that in the mean time Christopher Columbus conceiving the offer of his service neglected apply'd himself to the Court of Spain where after six years attendance he was at last furnished with three Ships only for discovery with which he sailed upon the Ocean more than sixty days and could see no Land so that the Spaniards began to mutiny and Columbus was forced to promise to return again if they could not see Land in three days time when toward the end of the third day one of 〈◊〉 pany descried Fire The place discovered was an Island on the Coast of Florida by the Natives called Gunahani now Salvador where landing his Men he took possession of this New World for Ferdinando King of Arragon and Isabella his Wife Queen of Castile October 11 1402. After whom John Cabâ—â— a Venetian in behalf of King Henry the Seventh of England in the year 1497 discovered all the North East Coast thereof from Cape Florida to the South beyond Newfoundland in the North causing the Royalers to turn Homagers to that King and to the Crown of England Next after him succeeded Americus Vespusius a Florâ—ntine employed by Emanuel the King of Portugal Anno 1501. upon a design of finding out a nearer way to the Moluccos than by the Cape of good Hope who though he passed no further than the Cape of Augustine on the Coast of Brasil yet from him this Country is called America As for this vast Tract of Ground in general it has the advantage of being temperate and fruitful by reason of its great and fair Rivers and the fresh Breezes that blow in the Torrid Zâ—â—e whereby we find that the cause of violent or remiss heats does not always proceed from the nearness or distance of the Sun but many times from the Situation of the place the disposal of the Mountains or Lakes the Quality of the Soil and the Nature of the Winds that blow The wealth of America is so vast that Spain has drawn and still draws from thence prodigious quantities of Gold and Silver and the Mines of Potasi have furnished him with many Millions There are no Treasures comparable to those related to be found in possession of Attabalippa and Guimacapa Kings of Peru and to the precious Houshold-stuff of the City of Cusco It was no extraordinary thing in the Reigns oâ— those Kings to behold Temples all plated with Silver and to see Houses covered with slates of Gold. The Spaniards affirm that their Kings Revenue amounts to above twelve Millions yearly by means of the Impositions which he lays upon goods transported thence as Gold Silver Pearls Emraulds Skins Sugar Tobacco Cochenille Sarsa-parilla Ginger and other things The first expence upon the discovery of America came but to fifteen thousand Ducats which were advanced to Columbus by the Spanish Secretary of State and not taken out of the Treasuries of the King. As for the Original of this People it is most probable that they did descend from the Tartars if so be that the West side of America be continent with Asia or disjoyned but by a very small strait as 't is described in some Maps But from whatsoever Root they did first come certain it is that they had setled here many Ages since and overspread all the parts and quarters of this large Continent But their numbers are much wasted since the Spaniards discovery for some Authors affirm that they put to death above fifteen Millions of Natives in less than fifty years and that the blood of those that perished in the Mines where they were forced to labour weighed more than all the Gold and Silver drawn from thence At the first Arrival of the Spaniards they found the People naked reasonably fair and clear little inclining unto that blackness which is natural to most of the Africans and to some of the Asiaticks that inhabit under the same Clime Ignorant they were of all things they had not seen wondering exceedingly at the Spaniards Ships and Horses and strangely admired to see them know the Health and Affairs of one another by reading a Letter yet 't is reported the Mexicans had some knowledge of the Deluge that they believed the Soul could not die and the Body should revive that those that lived honestly and justly or offered up their Lives for defence of their Country should find a place of everlasting peace and happiness So natural is the knowledge of the Souls Immortality and of some Vbi for the future reception of it They have as many Languages as Towns which may be the reason we have so little knowledge of their Original They are naturally active swift Runners and good Swimmers The Mexicans and Pernans were the only Americans that lived in Cities which Cities though founded by People which we call Savages were no way inferior to ours in Europe either for bigness or Magnificence The Spaniards possess the largest the richest and the most fertile Provinces among the rest Mexico and Peru formerly two famous Kingdoms the first Elective the other Hereditary and claim it all as their right by virtue of the donation of Pope Alexander the Sixth in the year 1493. But the other Nations would not give their consent The Portugueses have the Coast of Brasil The French have their Colonies in Canada in several Islands and upon the firm Land. The English are fairly seated all along the Coast of North America and in the Islands And of late the Dutch have gotten many places on the Continent and on the Islands For so rich a Prize could not be kept by the Spaniards who hoped indeed to have had a Monopoly of so wealthy a Country and to have enjoyed without a Rival the possession of so fair a Mistress The Seas that compass this Continent are on the East that commonly called the North Sea or Mar del Nort on the West the South Sea or Mar del Zur and on that part which hides its self under the Pole of the Erymanthean Bear to the South of the Straits of Magellan the North and South Seas meet and embrace together dividing it as is supposed from either Pole. Divided it is into two great parts or Peninsula's by the Isthmus of Panama viz. Mexicana on the North and Peruana on the South Of Peruviana or South America THIS Part of the two great Peninsula's into which the vast Continent of the New World doth now stand divided extends it self from about the twelfth Degree of the Equator North unto the four and fiftieth Southerly and is now by Geograghers divided into these Kingdoms or Parts viz. Castella del Or by some called Terra Firma Guiana The Amazons Peru Chili Brasil Peraguay or La Plata and Terra Magellanica It s
Cadiz to the Firm Land. Saint Martha produces almost all sorts of Fruit that grow in Spain Gold Saphires Emeraulds Jasper Cassidoins And there begin those high Mountains which under the names of Andes run a long as far as the South The City is honoured with an Episcopal See but still laments the Ruins suffered by the English in Anno 1595 and 1596. Rio de la Hacha has lost the Fishery of Pearls not far from it but its Soil is very fertile Venezuela had its name from a Village hard by which was built upon Piles in the middest of the Water When this Country was first discovered the Germans to whom Charles the Fifth had ingag'd it had a design to have built a City at the Mouth of the Lake Macataybo according the Model of Venice but afterwards they changed their resolution and chose rather to return into their own Country The Water of the aforesaid Lake is salt but it becomes sweet through the abundance of Water that falls into it out of several Rivers Venezuela produces all things necessary for human sustenance so that it is as it were the Granary of the adjacent Provinces New Andalusia is otherwise called Paria from its great River and the Seacost bears like that of Venezuela the name of the Coast of Pearls by reason of the Fishery there since it fail'd about the Islands of Margareta and â—ubagua Some of the Indians still hold out against the Spaniards and the most part of the Sea Towns have been often plundred by the English The Country near Comana is full of Salt-pits The Country and City of Popayen have preserved the name of their last King. The Paezes the Pixo's the Manipo's and other neighbouring Natives could never be subdued The New Kingdom of Granada which was discovered by one Xemenes a Granadin affords Silver Copper Iron and Emeraulds Heretofore there was One brought to Philip the Second King of Spain of so high a Price that the Goldsmiths knew not how to value it And therefore as a rarity it was laid up in the Treasure of the Escurial A Map of The WESTERN ISLANDS By R. Morden BEtween the two America's North and South and before the Gulph of Mexico are many Islands generally distinguished into the Antilles Caribbes and Lucajos Of the ANTILLES THE Islands of the Antilles are Hispaniola Cuba Jamaica and Peru Rico alias Boriquen Hispaniola is affirmed to be in length an hundred and sixty Leagues the breadth in some places sixty in some but thirty thence growing less and less till it comes to the Angles situate between the eighteenth and twentieth deg of the Northern Latitude An Island for the most part beautiful and flourishing the Trees always in their Summer Livery the Meadows green as if they did enjoy a perpetual Spring of such excellent Herbage that the Cattle brought thither out of Spain have increased beyond measure grown wild for want of proper Owners and are hunted unto death like the Stags of the Forest only to rob them of their Skins In a word rich Mines of Gold without mixture of Dross or other Metals the great increase of Sugar Canes one Cane filling twenty sometimes thirty Measures the exceeding increase of Corn producing in some places an hundred-fold Herbs and Fruits that in eighteen days will come to their perfections and ripen c. are evident Arguments of the richness and fertility of the Soil only the Air is much infested with Morning Heats but cooler in the Afternoon It was discovered by Columbus in his first Voyage made 1492. The Spaniards have since setled many potent Colonies there who having rooted out the Natives by their infinite cruelties and exhausted the riches of the Country with as infinite covetousness dispersed themselves into the Continent It s chief Places are St. Domingo first built by Bartholomeus Columbus Anno 1494 now situate in a pleasant Country with a safe and capacious Haven for Ships to ride in An Arch-Bishoprick and a place of great Trade till the taking of Mexico and the discovery of Peru since which time it hath much decayed nor hath it yet recovered it self of the great loss and damage it sustained by Sir Francis Drake in Anno 1586. Porto de la Plata the second place of Trade and Wealth seated on a commodious Bay on the Northern Shore At present among their Insects and Vermine the Nigua is the most dangerous it leaps like a Flea and piercing it self till it lodges between the Skin and the Flesh is very troublesom to get out The Cucugo a kind of Snail that hath its Eyes and Flanks when it opens its Wings so Bright that it serves to Read or Write by in the darkest Night Among their Fish the Manati is the most remarkable which is a kind of a Sea-Calf about twenty Foot long and their young not above a hand long The Commodities now are Cattle Hides Cassia Sugar Ginger Cocheneil Guaiacum and other Herbs as well for Physick as Dying The French now possess the Western part of this Island as also the Island Tortugas not far from it Of CVBA CVBA by Christopher Columbus call'd Ferdinanda is in length from East to West about two hundred Spanish Leagues in breadth not about twenty five or thirty in content equal with Hispaniola for fertility of the Soil and temperature of the Air beyond it Liberally stored with Ginger Mastich Cassia Aloes Cinamon and Sugar besides great plenty of Flesh Fish and Fowl the Gold more drossie in the Mines than those of Hispaniola but the Brass more perfect the Mountains filled with divers Trees of which some drop that purest Rosin and the Hills send to the Vallies many Rivers streaming down with Gold. Among the Rarities of this Island there is a Fountain out of which floweth a pitchy substance or Bitumen excellent for the chalking of Ships and serves the Indians for divers Medicines As also a Valley covered with an innumerable number of Flint-stones of divers Magnitudes which Nature hath made so round that they may serve for Bullets for all sorts of Cannons It s chief Places are St. Jago built in 1514 by Don Diego de Valasques seated in the bottom of a capacious Bay in the South part of the Island the seat of a Bishop much decayed and now of little Trade 2. Havana one of the most famous Ports in the West Indies for strength largeness and richness so strongly situated and fortified both by Nature and Art that it seems impregnable the entrances defended with two Castles and a greater opposite to the Mouth of the Haven it is the general Randevouz of the Spanish Fleets and is capable to receive a thousand Vessels when they return for Spain honour'd therefore with the Seat of the Governor and the greatest Trade of all these Seas Twenty five Leagues from the Havana towards the East is the Port of Mataacas memorable for that Peter Heyn General for the Dutch West India Company there surprized in the year 1629 the
Lodges near the Mines and some Cities as Zacatecas Durango c. In new Biscany there are no Cities but only Mines of Silver as Saint John Barbara and Endes The Audience of Gautemala is divided into these Provinces Gautemala Soconusco Chiapa Vera-paz Honduras Nicaragua Costarica and Veragua Gautimala is a Country hot but rich subject to Earthquakes and hath excellent Balms Amber Bezar and Salt and Indigo Full of rich Pastures stocked with Cattle plenty of Cotton Wool excellent Sulphur store of Medicinal Drugs and abundance of Fruit especially Cacao in vast plenty that it lades many Vessels which serves both for Meat and Drink Chief Cities are Saint Jago de Gautimala Situate on a little River betwixt two Vulcano's one of Water the other of Fire that of Water is higher than the other and yields a pleasant Prospect being almost all the year green and full of Indian Wheat and the Gardens adorned with Roses Lilies and other Flowers all the year and with many sorts of sweet and delicate Fruit. The other Vulcan of Fire is more unpleasant and more dreadful to behold here are Ashes for Beauty Stones and Flints for Fruits and Flowers for Water Whisperings and Fountain Murmurs noise of Thunder and roaring of consuming Metals for sweet and odoriferous Smells a stink of Fire and Brimstone Thus is Gautimala seated between a Paradise and Hell other chief Towns are Mixco Pinola Petapa and Amatitlan The Residence of the Governor the Seat of the Bishop and Court of Audience In 1541 it was almost overwhelmed by a Deluge of boiling Water which descended from that Vulcano which is near it out of which it cast Fire in abundance Soconusco hath only the little City Guevetlan on the Coast nothing of particular or worthy to be noted in it Chiapa is not very fruitful in Corn or Fruits but well stocked with lofty Trees some yielding Rosin others pretious Gums and others Leaves that when dried to Powder make a Sovereign Plaister for sores 'T is full of Snakes and other venemous Creatures Chiapa exceedeth most Provinces of America in fair Towns 't is divided into three parts viz. Chiapa Zeldales and Zoques Chief Places are Chiapa Real and Chiapa de Indies twelve Leagues from the first upon the River Grejavalva St. Bartholomews at the foot of the Cuchumatlanes Mountains Copanabastla noted for its Cotton Wool. Near Chiapa are several Fountains which are strange near Acaxutla is a Well whose Water is observed to rise and fall according to the flowing and Ebbing of the Sea though far from it near St. Bartholomews is a pit into which if one cast a stone tho' never so small it makes a noise as great and terrible as a Clap of Thunder another Fountain that for three years together increaseth though there be no Rain and for three years after diminisheth though there be never so much another that falls in rainy weather and rises in dry another that kills Birds and Beasts that drink it yet cures the Sick. The entrance into Golfe Dulce is straitned with two Rocks or Mountains on each side but within a fine Road and Harbor wide and capacious to secure a thousand Ships Honduras or Comayagua is a Country of pleasant Hills and fruitful Vallies hath Fruits Grains rich Pastures brave Rivers and Mines of Gold and Silver but it s greatest profit is Wool. It s chief places are Vallad lâ—d equally distant between the two Seas situate in a pleasant fruitful Valley 2. Grâ—tias a Dios near the rich Mines of Gold. 3. Saint Juan del poâ—to de los Cavallos once a famous Port. 4. Traxillo both pillaged by the English Nicaragua called Mahomets Paradise by reason of its fertility and store of Gold a Country destitute of Rivers the want whereof is supplyed by a great Lake which Ebbs and Flows like the Sea upon its Banks are seated many pleasant Cities and Villages the chief is Leon near unto a Vulcan of Fire where a Fryer seeking for Treasure met with the end of his design and of his Life the Residence of the Governor and Seat of a Bishop Grenada beautified with a fair Church and Castle Jaen Segovia and Realeo near Mar del Zur The City Granada is one of the richest places in the India's The passage of the Lake Granada or Nicaragua called El Desaguadero is very dangerous Costarica and Veragua are the two most Eastern Provinces of the Audience of Gautimala in the first are the Cities of Carthage seated between the two Seas In the other La Conception La Trinadad and Sancta Fe being the place where the Spaniards melt refine and cast their Gold into Bars and Ingots New MEXICO vel New GRANATA et MARATA et CALIFORNIA by R. Morden WEst of Florida and North of New Spain there are numerous Inhabitants and various Provinces and Countries little known by the Europeans which I call in general New Mexico others comprehend them under the name of New Granada however there have been observed divers people very different in their Languages Manners and Customs some having fixed and setled Habitations others wandring after their Flocks some dwelling in Cities or Towns others in Herds or Troops like the Tartars This Country was first made known to the Spaniards by the Travels of Fryer Marco de Nisa inflamed by whose reports Vasquez di Coranado in the year 1540 undertook the further discovery thereof where not finding what they looked for Gold and Silver hungry honour yielding but poor subsistence the further search of these Countries was quite laid aside almost as little known now as before New Mexico California Anian Quiviria and Libola are the principal parts of it St. Fe or St. Foy is the principal City distant from the the Old Mexico above five hundred Leagues being the Residence of the Spanish Governor where they have a Garison and Silver Mines California once esteemed a Peninsula now thought to be an Island extending in length from the twenty second Degree of Northern Latitude to the forty second but the breadth narrow the Northern Point called Cape Blance of which there is little memorable the most Southern called Cape St. Lucas remarkable for the great prize there taken from the Spaniards by Captain Cavendish in his Circumnavigation of the World Anno 1587. Where is also Nova Albion discovered by Sir Francis Drake Anno 1577 and by him so named in Honor of his own Country once called Albion who caused a Pillar to be erected in the place on which he fastned the Arms of England Opposite to Cape Blanco and the utmost North parts of America lies the supposed Kingdom of Anian from whence the Straits of Anian which are by some thought to part Asia and America do derive their name The riches of Quiviria consist in their Oxen whose Flesh is the ordinary food of the Inhabitants their Skins serve them for cloathing their Hair for Thred of their Nerves and Sinews they make Cords and Bow-strings of their Bones they make Nails and
undertake it Of Canada or Nova Francia CAnada so called from the River Canada which hath its Fountains in the undiscovered parts of this Western Tract sometimes inlarging it self into greater Lakes and presently contracted into a narrow Chanel with many great windings and falls having embosomed almost all the rest of the Rivers After a known Eastern course of near fifteen hundred Miles it empties it self into the great Bay of St. Lawrence over against the Isle of Assumption being at the Mouth thirty Leagues in breadth and one hundred and fifty fathom deep On the Northside whereof the French following the Tract of the said Cabot made a further discovery of the said Northern parts by the Name of Nova Francia The Country is full of Stags Bears Hares Martins and Foxes store of Conies Fowl and Fish not very fruitful or fit for Tillage the Air more cold than in other Countries of the same Latitude The chief places are Brest Quebeck and Taduosac a safe but small Haven The French Trade here for Bever Mouse-skins and Furs and are said to be about five thousand what discoveries have been made of late years of the Southern parts of this Country may be seen in the Map of Florida c. Nova Scotia COntains that part of Land which the French call Accadie or Cadie being so much of the main Land as lieth between the River Canada and the large Bay called Bay Francoise from the River of St. Croix upon the West to the Isle of Assumption on the East first discovered by Sebastian Cabot who setting sail from Bristol at the charge of King Henry the Seventh made a discovery of it unto the Latitude of sixty seven and a half Which being neglected after this the French planted on the North-side of the River Canada And after that Monsieur du Monts settled on part of that Land called Nova Scotia but in the year 1613 was outed by Sir Samuel Argal And in the year 1621 King James by Letters Patents made a donation of it to Sir William Alexander afterwards Lord Secretary of Scotland calling it Nova Scotia in pursuance of which Grant he in the year 1622 sent a Colony thither And I am informed that it was after by Acts of Parliament annexed to the Crown and Kingdom of Scotland however I think the French have now a Colony at Port Royal and are the only possessors of that Country Of Newfoundland THIS was first discovered by the two Cabots John and his Son Sâ—bastian employed by King Henry the seventh 1497 the business laid aside was afterward revived by Thorn and Elliot two of Bristol who ascribed to themselves the discovery of it and animated King Henry unto the enterprise Anno 1527. In the mean time the French and Portugals resorted to it But the English would not relinquish their pretensions to the Primier Seisin and therefore in the year 1583 Sir Humphrey Gilbert took possession of it in the name of the Queen of England who being Shipwrack'd in his return the sending of a Colony was discontinued till the year 1608 when undertook by John Guy a Merchant of Bristol and in the year 1626 Sir George Calvert Knight then principal Secretary of State afterward Lord Baltimore obtained a Patent of part of Newfoundland which was erected into a Province and called Avalon where he caused a Plantation to be setled and a stately House and Fort to he built at Ferriland 'T is an Island for extent they say equalizing England from whence it is distant about five hundred and forty Leagues situate between the Degrees of forty five and fifty three Northern Latitude and is only severed from the Continent of America by an Arm of the Sea as England is from France It is famous for many excellent Bays and Harbors it hath great plenty of Fish Land and Water Fowl and is sufficiently stockt with Deers Hares Otters and Foxes which yield great Fur it affords stately Trees fit for Timber Masts Planks and other uses The Soil is esteemed fertile the Climate wholsom but the rigor of Winter and excessive Heats of Summer much detract from its praise Before the Island at the distance of twenty Leagues from the Raze lieth a long Bank or Ridge of Ground extending in length about two hundred and forty Leagues in breadth in the broadest place about five and twenty Leagues by Cabot called Bacalaos from the great multitude of Codfish which swarmed there so numerous that they hindred the passage of the Ships and is now called the Grand Bank where our Ships salt and dry their Fish There is no part of Newfoundland more happy for multiplicity of excellent Bays and Harbors than the Province of Avalon and there are vast quantities of Fish yearly caught by the English at Ferriland and at the Bay of Bulls though the whole Coast affords infinite plenty of Cod and Poor John which is grown to a setled Trade and were the English diligent to inspect the advantage of setling Plantations upon the Isle and raising Fortifications for the security of the place they might ingross the whole Fishery Of ICE-LAND ICe Land or the antient Thule supposed by some to be as large as Ireland Our English Masters who have fished there many years give this Account of it That the most Southerly part of it called Ingulf foot is in the Latitude of sixty four Degrees and twenty five Minutes And the most Northerly part is Rag-point in the Latitude of sixty six Degrees and five Minutes whereas our Maps as also the Great Atlas makes the Island above eighty eight Degrees of Nothern Latitude which gross mistake is refuted not only by Observation but also by the Suns continuance two hours above the Horizon in the middle of December in the most Northern part of the Island It is seated North Westerly from the North of Scotland viz. from the Start or Head Land of Orkney to the S. W. Head of Fero is fifty five Leagues and from thence to Ingulf-foot is eighty five Leagues more It hath four remarkable Mountains in it of which Hecla is the most famous which burns continually with a Blew Brimstone-like and most dreadful Flame vomiting up vast quantities of Brimstone and that when it burns with greatest vehemency it makes a terrible rumbling like the noise of loud Thunder and a fearful Crackling and Tearing that may be heard a great way off See more of this in Martineres Northern Voyage page 134. In the Philosophical Transaction Number 103 Dr. Paul Biornonius Resident informs us That it abounds with hot Springs of which some are so Hot that in a quarter of an hours time they will sufficiently boil a piece of Beef Arugreim Jonas tell us It was inhabited by the Norwegians Anno 874 afterwards by the Danes under whose Government and Religion it now is The Island is well peopled but they live only in the Vallies and towards the Sea-shore Their Dwellings are rather Caves than Houses The Inhabitants are said to be a Lusty