officer_n that_o be_v call_v precedent_n or_o 16._o master_n of_o the_o water_n and_o forest_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o public_a water_n which_o be_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o over_o which_o the_o king_n have_v dominion_n do_v belong_v to_o another_o dignity_n not_o at_o all_o to_o the_o admiral_n who_o according_a to_o the_o general_a nature_n of_o his_o office_n be_v not_o appoint_v to_o take_v charge_n of_o any_o province_n there_o much_o less_o of_o the_o river_n as_o in_o england_n the_o principal_a intent_n therefore_o of_o this_o office_n or_o dignity_n be_v only_o to_o command_v the_o fleet_n by_o sea_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o some_o year_n since_o henry_n of_o momorancie_n admiral_n of_o france_n have_v set_v up_o a_o statue_n on_o horse_n back_o at_o chantillie_o in_o honour_n of_o his_o father_n henry_n duke_n of_o momorancie_n 1612._o call_v himself_o in_o latin_a only_a navalis_fw-la militiae_fw-la magistrum_fw-la master_n of_o the_o militia_n by_o sea_n instead_o of_o admiral_n so_o that_o never_o any_o admiral_n constitute_v by_o the_o french_a king_n either_o of_o france_n or_o britain_n or_o aquitain_n have_v any_o authority_n in_o the_o sea_n itself_o whereby_o he_o may_v challenge_v a_o dominion_n to_o himself_o as_o governor_n or_o commander_n in_o chief_a which_o may_v be_v say_v in_o like_a manner_n of_o all_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o belgic_a and_o the_o neighbour_a shore_n on_o this_o side_n and_o of_o the_o cantabrian_a or_o spanish_a shore_n on_o the_o other_o side_n for_o the_o authority_n of_o they_o all_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v this_o particular_a have_v be_v and_o be_v alike_o we_o know_v indeed_o that_o this_o dignity_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v style_v admiral_n of_o france_n and_o governor_n of_o the_o royal_a navy_n as_o the_o same_o dignity_n among_o the_o english_a be_v usual_o call_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n admiral_n of_o england_n and_o governor_n of_o the_o royal_a navy_n in_o etc._n several_a league_n that_o have_v be_v make_v betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o french_a but_o it_o be_v clear_a by_o what_o have_v be_v show_v that_o they_o bear_v the_o office_n or_o dignity_n call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n upon_o a_o different_a account_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o dignity_n be_v to_o be_v value_v by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o charge_n not_o by_o the_o bare_a name_n or_o title_n and_o let_v so_o much_o serve_v to_o be_v speak_v touch_v the_o defect_n of_o ancient_a testimony_n and_o the_o nature_n or_o quality_n of_o the_o government_n but_o now_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o most_o ample_a and_o entire_a command_n of_o the_o english_a for_o very_a many_o age_n and_o the_o compare_v of_o it_o with_o those_o several_a government_n heretofore_o on_o the_o opposite_a shore_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v almost_o from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o very_a first_o time_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a one_o entire_a empire_n throughout_o england_n and_o so_o on_o the_o whole_a shore_n which_o lie_v over_o against_o germany_n france_n and_o that_o part_n of_o spain_n call_v biscay_n and_o this_o also_o in_o the_o time_n of_o that_o heptarchy_n which_o be_v mention_v by_o writer_n for_o there_o be_v always_o some_o one_o person_n who_o have_v most_o power_n therein_o and_o to_o who_o the_o rest_n yield_v obedience_n as_o we_o be_v tell_v by_o 97._o beda_n and_o touch_v that_o particular_a there_o be_v a_o notable_a testimony_n in_o alcuinus_fw-la where_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o quarrel_n betwixt_o offa_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n that_o be_v indeed_o of_o the_o most_o large_a and_o in_o a_o manner_n the_o most_o midland_n part_v of_o the_o heptarchy_n and_o charles_n surname_v the_o great_a king_n of_o france_n navigation_n be_v so_o 1669_o prohibit_v on_o both_o side_n that_o trade_n be_v whole_o obstruct_v which_o true_o can_v be_v conceive_v unless_o these_o large_a territory_n near_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o offa_n yea_o the_o inscription_n whereby_o offa_n be_v wont_a to_o set_v forth_o his_o royal_a title_n be_v often_o express_v after_o this_o manner_n etc._n offa_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n and_o also_o of_o the_o nation_n round_o about_o but_o after_o the_o time_n of_o egbert_n or_o the_o 800_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n there_o be_v a_o continue_a catalogue_n plain_a enough_o of_o those_o king_n whether_o english-saxons_a or_o dane_n who_o unless_o you_o fond_o except_o edmund_n the_o anglo_n saxon_n and_o canutus_n the_o dane_n by_o who_o the_o kingdom_n be_v for_o some_o little_a time_n divide_v do_v reign_v without_o any_o other_o sharer_n in_o the_o dominion_n upon_o this_o shore_n no_o wonder_n then_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v entire_a and_o absolute_a lord_n in_o command_n of_o so_o ample_a a_o shore_n for_o so_o many_o age_n do_v also_o take_v special_a care_n to_o retain_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n lie_v before_o it_o as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o island_n especial_o see_v they_o not_o only_o have_v so_o long_o and_o large_a a_o command_n likewise_o on_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o but_o also_o there_o be_v not_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n that_o can_v in_o any_o wise_a hinder_v it_o except_o such_o as_o possess_v some_o petty_a country_n border_v on_o the_o sea_n which_o true_o may_v be_v so_o call_v be_v compare_v to_o the_o spacious_a shore_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n and_o those_o also_o that_o be_v under_o distinct_a jurisdiction_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o this_o be_v see_v that_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o our_o great_a grand-father_n day_n there_o be_v only_o a_o very_a small_a shore_n contain_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o french_a kingdom_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o maritime_a province_n by_o the_o addition_n whereof_o that_o kingdom_n as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v be_v afterward_o enlarge_v do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o pretend_v any_o right_n to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n upon_o the_o interest_n of_o those_o province_n and_o see_v no_o testimony_n can_v be_v have_v in_o the_o monument_n of_o ancient_a writer_n concern_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o dominion_n but_o that_o very_o many_o be_v find_v touch_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n they_o have_v continual_o possess_v the_o whole_a english_a shore_n in_o its_o full_a latitude_n under_o one_o entire_a empire_n for_o above_o a_o thousand_o year_n and_o concern_v the_o perpetual_a enjoiment_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o kingdom_n therefore_o it_o follow_v we_o that_o their_o right_n be_v very_o manifest_a in_o this_o particular_a and_o so_o that_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v a_o province_n under_o the_o tuition_n or_o protection_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n as_o part_v of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o shore_n lie_v over_o against_o we_o be_v not_o in_o reason_n to_o be_v call_v governor_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o such_o a_o sens_fw-fr as_o may_v signify_v any_o dominion_n of_o a_o commander_n in_o chief_a in_o the_o sea_n itself_o out_o of_o the_o port_n or_o other_o in-lets_a of_o that_o kind_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o it_o be_v that_o some_o age_n since_o very_o many_o of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n understand_v well_o enough_o the_o right_n of_o england_n make_v their_o complaint_n in_o express_a term_n against_o reyner_n grimbald_n admiral_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n because_o that_o l'_fw-fr office_n del_fw-it admiralté_fw-fr en_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr per_fw-la commission_n de_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr france_n tourcenousment_n emprist_n &_o usa_fw-la un_fw-fr a_fw-fr &_o plux_n etc._n etc._n that_o be_v because_o he_o have_v arrogate_a to_o himself_o and_o for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o year_n exercise_v the_o office_n of_o admiralty_n by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o commission_n in_o the_o english_a sea_n the_o old_a record_n from_o whence_o this_o be_v take_v be_v set_v down_o entire_a by_o and_o by_o where_o you_o have_v more_o also_o that_o make_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o so_o much_o may_v serve_v to_o be_v speak_v touch_v the_o guard_n or_o government_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o king_n territory_n or_o province_n and_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n that_o in_o the_o dominion_n of_o those_o island_n lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o france_n which_o have_v ever_o be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n wherein_o they_o be_v situate_a be_v derive_v from_o their_o predecessor_n chap._n xix_o that_o a_o possession_n and_o dominion_n of_o this_o southern_a sea_n have_v be_v hold_v also_o of_o old_a by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o a_o little_a manifest_a by_o the_o dominion_n of_o
such_o a_o account_n will_v have_v be_v either_o useless_a or_o too_o difficult_a for_o those_o that_o be_v not_o use_v to_o the_o sea_n yea_o without_o doubt_n it_o be_v no_o small_a cause_n of_o their_o calling_n the_o saxon_n into_o the_o island_n that_o they_o be_v most_o expert_a seaman_n may_v guard_v the_o sea_n which_o have_v be_v new_o desert_v by_o the_o roman_a navy_n lay_v open_a at_o that_o time_n to_o the_o invasion_n of_o enemy_n on_o every_o side_n thus_o much_o indeed_o seem_v to_o be_v signify_v by_o 1._o ethelwerd_n a_o ancient_a writer_n speak_v of_o their_o come_n hither_o in_o those_o day_n say_v he_o the_o britain_n herd_n that_o the_o saxon_a be_v a_o nation_n active_a in_o piracie_n or_o navigation_n and_o strong_a in_o all_o kind_n of_o necessary_n for_o war_n throughout_o all_o the_o sea-coast_n from_o the_o river_n rhine_n as_o far_o as_o the_o city_n donia_n which_o be_v now_o common_o call_v danemare_n to_o they_o therefore_o they_o send_v messenger_n with_o extraordinary_a great_a present_n desire_v aid_n promise_v they_o a_o peaceable_a intercour_n and_o amity_n thus_o they_o that_o be_v wont_v before_o to_o infest_v the_o british_a sea_n be_v invite_v to_o its_o protection_n and_o amity_n and_o true_o that_o the_o britain_n have_v a_o very_a special_a care_n at_o that_o time_n of_o the_o sea-affair_n and_o so_o of_o the_o guardianship_n of_o their_o sea_n appear_v from_o thence_o that_o in_o the_o story_n of_o britain_n we_o read_v concern_v the_o most_o famous_a king_n arthur_n and_o prince_n malgo_n that_o by_o many_o bloody_a battle_n they_o either_o add_v or_o recover_v six_o comprovincial_a isle_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o geofferie_n of_o monmouth_n that_o be_v to_o say_v ireland_n and_o shetland_n gotland_n the_o orcades_n norwey_n and_o denmark_n dacia_n to_o their_o dominion_n yea_o and_o groenland_n and_o all_o the_o other_o country_n and_o island_n of_o the_o eastern_a sea_n as_o far_o as_o russia_n and_o many_o other_o island_n beyond_o 137._o scantia_n even_o to_o the_o far_a part_n of_o the_o north._n and_o that_o which_o we_o find_v in_o nennius_n the_o scholar_n of_o cottonianâ_fw-la elvodugus_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o this_o time_n to_o wit_n that_o cuneda_n the_o grandfather_n of_o magolcunus_n a_o prince_n of_o the_o southern_a britain_n drive_v the_o scot_n out_o of_o all_o the_o country_n and_o island_n of_o britain_n certain_o for_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o it_o be_v necessary_a there_o shall_v be_v a_o very_a great_a strength_n in_o ship_v for_o the_o guard_n and_o security_n of_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n it_o be_v prove_v both_o from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o saxon_n reign_n as_o also_o from_o their_o force_n and_o victory_n by_o sea_n that_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o dane_n who_o rule_v the_o south-part_n of_o britain_n have_v dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n chap._n x._o beside_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v of_o the_o saxon_n during_o their_o reign_n here_o there_o be_v also_o in_o ancient_a record_n divers_a other_o particular_n which_o more_o plain_o show_v that_o both_o they_o and_o the_o dane_n have_v dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n whilst_o they_o reign_v in_o britain_n those_o particular_n i_o divide_v into_o four_o part_n the_o first_o respect_n the_o original_a of_o the_o most_o potent_a kingdom_n of_o the_o saxon_n the_o second_o the_o naval_a force_n and_o victory_n of_o the_o follow_a time_n the_o three_o the_o tribute_n and_o duty_n of_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n belong_v to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n last_o several_a plain_n and_o most_o evident_a testimony_n concern_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o english-saxon_a king_n at_o that_o time_n over_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a i_o reckon_v both_o the_o come_n of_o octha_n and_o ebissa_n invite_v hither_o by_o vortigern_n upon_o the_o persuasion_n of_o hengist_n as_o also_o the_o arrival_n of_o king_n aella_n in_o sussex_n he_o possess_v himself_o of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o southern_a shore_n they_o of_o the_o northern_a concern_v the_o naval_a force_n of_o octha_n and_o ebissa_n 91._o nennius_n the_o scholar_n of_o el._n vodugus_fw-la who_o usual_o pass_v up_o and_o down_o also_o by_o the_o name_n of_o gildas_n speak_v thus_o they_o sail_v about_o the_o pict_n with_o forty_o vessel_n call_v narrow_a ciulae_fw-la spoil_v the_o orcade_n island_n and_o come_v and_o possess_v very_o many_o isle_n and_o region_n beyond_o mare_fw-la â—resicum_fw-la meaning_n bodotria_n or_o the_o firth_n of_o edinburgh_n which_o lie_v between_o we_o and_o the_o scot_n even_o as_o far_o as_o the_o border_n of_o the_o pict_n and_o hengist_n by_o degree_n draw_v those_o ciulae_fw-la to_o himself_o so_o that_o they_o forsake_v the_o isle_n which_o they_o inhabit_v it_o can_v hardly_o be_v more_o plain_o express_v that_o the_o nation_n be_v accustom_v to_o the_o affair_n of_o navigation_n and_o war_n by_o sea_n have_v thus_o get_v a_o great_a part_n of_o britain_n do_v first_o secure_v that_o inseparable_a appendant_a of_o the_o island_n or_o the_o sea_n have_v bring_v over_o a_o numerous_a force_n for_o the_o accomplishment_n of_o this_o design_n as_o to_o what_o concern_v aella_n they_o write_v that_o he_o with_o his_o son_n cissa_n and_o cimenus_n and_o a_o navy_n very_o well_o appoint_v with_o military_a force_n arrive_v upon_o the_o shore_n of_o sussex_n near_o witer_v 223_o cimenshore_n so_o call_v heretofore_o from_o this_o cimenus_n and_o that_o have_v drive_v away_o the_o britain_n he_o possess_v the_o 2._o sea-coast_n and_o send_v daily_o for_o new_a aid_n out_o of_o germany_n he_o at_o length_n enlarge_v his_o kingdom_n along_o the_o eastern_a shore_n as_o far_o as_o the_o river_n humber_n and_o be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o english_a saxon_n that_o attain_v here_o to_o so_o large_a a_o dominion_n also_o that_o his_o posterity_n enjoy_v this_o kingdom_n about_o lxx_o year_n but_o true_o it_o can_v hardly_o be_v that_o they_o who_o be_v eminent_o powerful_a in_o ship_v and_o have_v make_v so_o happy_a a_o progress_n upon_o the_o shore_n shall_v not_o in_o like_a manner_n be_v master_n of_o the_o sea_n itself_o especial_o see_v we_o find_v not_o the_o least_o testimony_n that_o any_o other_o be_v at_o that_o time_n of_o any_o considerable_a strength_n in_o ship_v upon_o this_o coast._n but_o as_o for_o the_o naval_a force_n and_o victory_n of_o the_o succeed_a king_n both_o dane_n and_o english-saxons_a they_o be_v to_o be_v see_v every_o where_n in_o joannes_n asserius_fw-la bishop_n of_o shirburn_n william_n the_o monk_n of_o malmsburie_n henry_n archdeacon_n of_o huntingdon_n roger_n hoveden_n florentius_n of_o worcester_n and_o florilegus_n but_o especial_o in_o the_o act_n of_o k._n alfred_n edward_n the_o elder_a athelstan_n edgar_n ethelred_n and_o harold_n and_o questionless_a long_o after_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o saxon_n reign_n this_o country_n flourish_v not_o a_o little_a in_o ship_v for_o the_o maintain_n of_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o may_v be_v collect_v both_o from_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o nation_n already_o mention_v and_o the_o frequent_a use_n of_o navigation_n from_o which_o the_o merchant_n that_o use_v to_o traffic_v on_o both_o the_o shore_n be_v prohibit_v upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o a_o difference_n that_o arise_v betwixt_o charles_n of_o france_n afterward_o emperor_n and_o oâ—â—a_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n among_o the_o english-saxons_a to_o who_o the_o rest_n be_v in_o subjection_n yet_o a_o freedom_n thereof_o be_v restore_v not_o long_o after_o by_o a_o agreement_n of_o extraordinary_a benefit_n and_o advantage_n to_o the_o english-saxon_a as_o we_o find_v in_o 1669._o alcuinus_fw-la and_o william_n of_o malmsburie_n but_o before_o k._n alfred_n their_o power_n begin_v to_o decrea_n by_o sea_n and_o that_o especial_o in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n ethelwolph_n when_o the_o etc._n dane_n or_o norman_n infest_a not_o only_o the_o shore_n but_o also_o almost_o the_o whole_a island_n after_o a_o most_o grievous_a manner_n and_o seize_v upon_o most_o of_o the_o isle_n by_o force_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n of_o britain_n and_o so_o all_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o mercy_n of_o pirate_n but_o after_o that_o alfred_n be_v invest_v in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v restore_v and_o its_o dominion_n establish_v concern_v who_o that_o asserius_fw-la bishop_n of_o shirburn_n his_o tutor_n write_v thus_o he_o give_v command_v for_o the_o build_n of_o boat_n and_o galley_n that_o be_v long_a ship_n through_o out_o the_o kingdom_n that_o he_o may_v prevent_v his_o enemy_n and_o fight_v they_o by_o sea_n and_o put_v pirate_n aboard_o they_o he_o charge_v they_o to_o guard_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o command_v
much_o of_o it_o as_o concern_v this_o title_n the_o word_n be_v these_o 619._o altitonantis_fw-la dei_fw-la largifluâ_fw-la clementia_fw-la qui_fw-la est_fw-la rex_fw-la regum_fw-la ego_fw-la edgarus_n anglorum_fw-la basileus_n omniúmque_fw-la regum_fw-la insularum_fw-la oceanique_fw-la britanniani_n circumjacentis_fw-la so_o john_n dee_fw-mi a_o man_n very_o well_o see_v in_o most_o part_n of_o learning_n do_v read_v it_o a_o good_a while_n since_o save_v only_o that_o in_o stead_n of_o britannian_a he_o have_v britanniani_n while_o 163._o other_o read_v insularum_fw-la oceani_fw-la quae_fw-la britanniam_fw-la circumjacent_a cunctarúmque_fw-la nationum_fw-la quae_fw-la infra_fw-la eam_fw-la includuntur_fw-la imperator_fw-la &_o dominus_fw-la gratias_fw-la ago_o ipsi_fw-la deo_fw-la omnipotenti_fw-la regimeo_fw-la qui_fw-la meum_fw-la imperium_fw-la sic_fw-la ampliavit_fw-la &_o exaltavit_fw-la super_fw-la regnum_fw-la patrum_fw-la mâ—orum_fw-la qui_fw-la licèt_fw-la monarchiam_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la adepti_fw-la sint_fw-la à _fw-la tempore_fw-la athelstani_fw-la qui_fw-la primus_fw-la regnum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la nationes_fw-la quae_fw-la britanniam_fw-la incolunt_fw-la sibi_fw-la armis_fw-la subegit_fw-la nullus_fw-la tamen_fw-la illâ—rum_fw-la ultra_fw-la ejus_fw-la fine_n imperium_fw-la suum_fw-la dilatare_fw-la aggressus_fw-la est_fw-la mihi_fw-la autem_fw-la concessit_fw-la propitia_fw-la divinitas_fw-la cum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la imperio_fw-la omne_fw-la regna_fw-la insularum_fw-la oceani_fw-la cum_fw-la suis_fw-la ferocissimis_fw-la regibus_fw-la usque_fw-la norwegiam_fw-la maximámque_fw-la partem_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la cum_fw-la suâ_fw-la nobilissimâ_fw-la civitate_fw-la dublinia_n anglorum_fw-la regno_fw-la subjugare_fw-la quos_fw-la etiam_fw-la omnes_fw-la meis_fw-la imperiis_fw-la colla_fw-la subdere_fw-la dei_fw-la favente_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la coëgi_fw-la by_o the_o abundant_a goodness_n of_o almighty_a god_n who_o be_v the_o king_n of_o king_n i_o edgar_z king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o all_o the_o king_n of_o the_o island_n and_o of_o the_o ocean_n lie_v round_o about_o britain_n and_o of_o all_o the_o nation_n that_o be_v include_v within_o the_o circuit_n thereof_o supreme_a lord_n and_o governor_n do_v render_v thanks_o to_o the_o same_o almighty_a god_n my_o king_n who_o have_v enlarge_v my_o empire_n thus_o and_o exalt_v it_o above_o the_o royal_a estate_n of_o my_o progenitor_n who_o although_o they_o arrive_v to_o the_o monarchy_n of_o all_o england_n ever_o since_o the_o time_n of_o athelstane_n who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n subdue_v the_o english_a and_o all_o the_o nation_n that_o inhabit_v britain_n yet_o none_o of_o they_o ever_o attempt_v to_o promote_v their_o empire_n beyond_o the_o bound_n thereof_o but_o the_o divine_a goodness_n have_v favour_a i_o so_o far_o as_o beside_o the_o english_a empire_n to_o enable_v i_o to_o subdue_v all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o land_n in_o the_o ocean_n with_o their_o most_o stout_a and_o mighty_a king_n even_o as_o far_o as_o norway_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o irland_n together_o with_o their_o most_o famous_a city_n of_o dublin_n all_o which_o by_o god_n grace_n and_o assistance_n i_o have_v subdue_v and_o make_v their_o neck_n to_o stoop_v under_o the_o yoke_n of_o my_o command_n whereas_o he_o say_v that_o none_o of_o his_o progenitor_n have_v attempt_v to_o enlarge_v their_o empire_n beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o britain_n it_o must_v be_v so_o understand_v that_o it_o be_v take_v for_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a bound_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n as_o sufficient_o appear_v by_o the_o mention_n of_o irland_n and_o norway_n so_o that_o then_o more_o island_n than_o the_o name_n of_o britain_n do_v comprehend_v or_o than_o the_o isle_n of_o that_o sea_n together_o with_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v bring_v under_o his_o dominion_n but_o king_n canutus_n or_o cnute_n have_v leave_v a_o testimony_n also_o whereby_o he_o most_o express_o assert_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o his_o dominion_n he_o place_v himself_o on_o a_o seat_n by_o the_o sea_n side_n as_o it_o flow_v upon_o southampton_n shore_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o demonstrate_v to_o his_o flatterer_n that_o king_n themselves_o be_v but_o man_n be_v report_v to_o have_v make_v trial_n of_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v flood_n after_o this_o manner_n thou_o o_o sea_n be_v under_o my_o dominion_n as_o the_o land_n also_o upon_o which_o i_o sit_v be_v i_o and_o there_o never_o be_v any_o that_o disobey_v my_o command_n without_o punishment_n therefore_o i_o command_v thou_o not_o to_o ascend_v up_o upon_o my_o land_n nor_o do_v thou_o presume_v to_o wet_v the_o foot_n or_o garment_n of_o thy_o sovereign_n but_o the_o tide_n say_v huntingdon_n and_o florilegus_n who_o relate_v this_o story_n swell_v as_o at_o other_o time_n do_v very_o unmannerly_a wet_v not_o only_o the_o foot_n but_o leg_n of_o his_o majesty_n whereupon_o the_o king_n leap_v up_o proclaim_v with_o his_o own_o mouth_n none_o to_o be_v worthy_a the_o name_n of_o king_n but_o he_o alone_o who_o command_n be_v both_o the_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o they_o obey_v and_o from_o that_o time_n he_o refuse_v to_o wear_v his_o crown_n of_o gold_n consecrate_v it_o to_o a_o crucifix_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o here_o open_o profess_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o sovereign_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o land_n hereunto_o may_v be_v add_v some_o testimony_n of_o other_o writer_n which_o although_o they_o be_v of_o a_o late_a date_n than_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a yet_o they_o be_v transmit_v to_o posterity_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o as_o be_v perfect_o acquaint_v with_o the_o english_a history_n and_o by_o the_o tradition_n of_o their_o ancestor_n well_o infoun_v of_o the_o most_o authentic_a opinion_n and_o resolu_n concern_v the_o english_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n geofâ—rie_o chaucer_n who_o be_v not_o only_o the_o most_o famous_a poêt_fw-fr of_o his_o time_n but_o as_o learning_n go_v in_o those_o day_n a_o very_a well_o accomplish_v scholar_n in_o one_o of_o his_o canterbury_n tale_n bring_v we_o in_o his_o man_n of_o law_n tell_v a_o story_n which_o he_o will_v have_v relate_v to_o the_o time_n of_o alla_n king_n of_o northumberland_n who_o reign_v thirty_o year_n and_o his_o reign_n begin_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n dlix_o in_o this_o tale_n there_o be_v bring_v in_o a_o lady_n call_v constantia_n the_o daughter_n of_o i_o know_v not_o what_o roman_a emperor_n marry_v to_o the_o king_n of_o syria_n drive_v she_o be_v by_o weather_n to_o a_o place_n which_o lie_v under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o fortress_n upon_o the_o shore_n of_o northumberland_n and_o there_o the_o ship_n run_v aground_o she_o be_v a_o christian_a banish_v for_o her_o religion_n and_o there_o take_v prisoner_n by_o the_o commander_n of_o that_o fortress_n in_o this_o relation_n of_o the_o sad_a adventure_n of_o constantia_n he_o say_v what_o indeed_o be_v true_a that_o christian_a religion_n be_v not_o receive_v into_o any_o part_n of_o that_o territory_n but_o that_o pagan_n have_v overrun_v and_o do_v hold_v those_o northern_a country_n under_o their_o dominion_n as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o land_n his_o word_n to_o this_o purpose_n be_v these_o in_o all_o that_o land_n dursten_a non_fw-it christian_a rout_n all_o christian_a folk_n be_v flee_v from_o the_o country_n through_o paynim_n that_o conquer_v all_o about_o the_o plague_n of_o northumberland_n by_o land_n &_o see_n he_o say_v discreet_o that_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n fall_v to_o the_o conqueror_n of_o this_o isle_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n know_v what_o be_v the_o resolution_n and_o general_o receive_v opinion_n of_o his_o ancestor_n concern_v that_o matter_n he_o live_v two_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o year_n ago_o in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o nor_o be_v it_o any_o prejudice_n to_o this_o authority_n that_o the_o other_o thing_n there_o relate_v be_v fabulous_a for_o we_o know_v that_o out_o of_o the_o fable_n of_o heliodorus_n achilles_n tatius_n theodorus_n prodromus_n eustathius_n and_o such_o other_o whether_o of_o a_o amorous_a or_o any_o other_o strain_n sometime_o many_o useful_a observation_n may_v be_v gather_v concern_v the_o custom_n manner_n and_o receive_v opinion_n as_o well_o of_o the_o man_n among_o who_o they_o be_v feign_v to_o be_v act_v as_o of_o the_o time_n to_o which_o they_o be_v relate_v john_n harding_n also_o who_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o write_v a_o history_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o england_n in_o vers_fw-la when_o he_o reckon_v up_o those_o prince_n that_o swear_v fealty_n to_o king_n canutus_n for_o the_o land_n which_o they_o hold_v of_o he_o 117._o he_o add_v so_o do_v the_o king_n of_o wales_n of_o high_a parage_n and_o all_o the_o northwest_n ocean_n for_o their_o kingdom_n and_o for_o their_o land_n then_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o same_o be_v do_v at_o that_o time_n by_o the_o great_a king_n of_o wales_n and_o of_o all_o the_o north-western_a
of_o etc._n excester_n and_o in_o those_o day_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o procure_v king_n letter_n common_o call_v in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o law_n protection_n whereby_o privilege_n and_o exemption_n from_o all_o suit_n be_v grant_v to_o those_o that_o be_v employ_v in_o this_o kind_n of_o guard_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o that_o spend_v their_o time_n super_fw-la saluâ_fw-la custodiâ_fw-la &_o defension_n maris_n 1._o for_o the_o safeguard_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o form_n of_o the_o word_n have_v it_o which_o we_o frequent_o find_v in_o the_o archive_v moreover_o in_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saufegard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n as_o of_o a_o thing_n common_o know_v and_o for_o which_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o english_a to_o make_v as_o diligent_a provision_n as_o for_o the_o government_n of_o any_o province_n or_o country_n and_o in_o the_o 29._o twenty_o year_n of_o the_o same_o king_n the_o commons_o prefer_v a_o bill_n that_o a_o strong_a and_o well_o accomplish_a navy_n may_v be_v provide_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n because_o it_o be_v think_v fit_n be_v all_o the_o commons_n of_o this_o land_n that_o it_o be_v necessary_a the_o see_v be_v keep_v very_o many_o other_o passage_n there_o be_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n geoffrie_n chaucer_n who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o and_o be_v a_o man_n very_o know_v in_o the_o affair_n of_o his_o country_n among_o other_o most_o elegant_a and_o lively_a character_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o man_n write_v in_o the_o english_a tongue_n describe_n the_o humour_n of_o a_o english_a merchant_n of_o that_o time_n how_o that_o his_o desire_n above_o all_o thing_n be_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v well_o guard_v never_o leave_v destitute_a of_o such_o protection_n as_o may_v keep_v it_o safe_a and_o quiet_a which_o he_o speak_v to_o set_v out_o the_o whole_a generation_n of_o merchant_n in_o that_o age_n who_o custom_n it_o be_v to_o be_v solicitous_a for_o traffic_v above_o all_o thing_n and_o consequent_o about_o the_o sea_n itself_o which_o will_v not_o afford_v they_o safe_a voyage_n do_v not_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o sovereign_n thereof_o according_a to_o their_o right_n and_o custom_n provide_v for_o the_o security_n of_o this_o as_o a_o province_n under_o their_o protection_n the_o word_n of_o chaucer_n be_v these_o his_o reason_n speak_v he_o full_a solemn_o show_v always_o the_o encrea_n of_o his_o win_n he_o will_v the_o see_v be_v keep_v for_o any_o thing_n betwixe_v middleborough_n and_o orewel_n orewel_o be_v a_o haven_n upon_o the_o coast_n in_o suffolk_n middleborough_n be_v in_o zealand_n the_o whole_a sea_n that_o flow_v between_o britain_n and_o zealand_n the_o english_a merchant_n will_v have_v secure_v this_o they_o be_v wont_v solemn_o and_o unanimous_o to_o pray_v for_o know_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o protection_n of_o they_o part_n of_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o as_o concern_v any_o protection_n herein_o by_o any_o foreign_a prince_n any_o far_a than_o in_o their_o own_o harbour_n or_o at_o the_o most_o within_o the_o wind_a creek_n between_o those_o island_n which_o they_o possess_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o germany_n or_o gallia_n belgica_n there_o be_v nothing_o as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v find_v to_o be_v gather_v from_o any_o testimony_n of_o former_a age_n in_o the_o succeed_a age_n likewise_o there_o be_v frequent_a mention_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o guard_n defence_n and_o government_n of_o the_o same_o sea_n as_o will_v hereafter_o more_o full_o appear_v when_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o tribute_n and_o of_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o commission_n give_v to_o our_o admiral_n but_o now_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o both_o the_o name_n and_o nature_n of_o this_o guard_n be_v very_o well_o know_v not_o only_o by_o the_o use_n of_o the_o word_n both_o in_o the_o 8._o imperial_a and_o canon_n feclesiae_fw-la law_n wherein_o it_o denote_v that_o the_o guardian_n ought_v to_o take_v a_o diligent_a care_n of_o that_o thing_n whereof_o he_o be_v owner_n who_o do_v either_o lend_v it_o or_o commit_v it_o to_o his_o oversight_n but_o also_o by_o the_o common_a and_o obvious_a use_n which_o the_o english_a make_v of_o the_o same_o word_n in_o other_o office_n or_o government_n for_o in_o those_o day_n of_o old_a when_o the_o title_n of_o guardian_n or_o warden_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o usual_a there_o be_v appoint_v warden_n of_o the_o port_n even_o as_o at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v warden_n of_o the_o county_n who_o be_v those_o commander_n of_o county_n call_v sheriff_n and_o in_o the_o usual_a form_n and_o tenor_n of_o their_o writ_n have_v custodiam_fw-la comitatû_v the_o guard_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o county_n commit_v to_o their_o charge_n warden_n or_o keeper_n of_o the_o march_n or_o border_n keeper_n of_o tower_n or_o castle_n park_n house_n and_o the_o like_a yea_o and_o the_o lord_n lieutenant_n of_o ireland_n be_v especial_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n joannis_n john_n and_o etc._n henry_n the_o three_o style_v usual_o warden_n or_o keeper_n of_o ireland_n and_o his_o office_n or_o dignity_n common_o call_v the_o keepership_n of_o ireland_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o john_n duke_n of_o bedford_n and_z humphrey_z duke_n of_o gloucester_n who_o henry_n the_o five_o during_o the_o time_n of_o his_o absence_n in_o france_n depute_v to_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n by_o turn_n be_v call_v custodes_fw-la angliae_fw-la keeper_n of_o england_n as_o we_o very_o often_o find_v both_o in_o etc._n history_n and_o etc._n record_n so_o arthur_n prince_n of_o wales_n be_v make_v 1._o keeper_n of_o england_n while_o henry_n the_o seven_o be_v beyond_o the_o sea_n so_o piers_n gaveston_n be_v keeper_n of_o england_n while_o edward_n the_o second_o remain_v in_o france_n so_o be_v other_o also_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o governor_n also_o of_o the_o island_n of_o jarsey_n and_o garnesey_n and_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v situate_v in_o this_o sea_n who_o now_o be_v style_v governor_n keeper_n or_o captain_n be_v in_o etc._n ancient_a time_n call_v only_o by_o the_o name_n of_o guardian_n or_o keeper_n this_o then_o be_v so_o what_o reason_n have_v we_o to_o think_v that_o our_o ancestor_n do_v not_o use_v the_o same_o notion_n of_o guardian_n or_o keeper_n and_o of_o guard_v or_o keep_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o guardian_n and_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o use_v in_o the_o guard_n and_o keep_n of_o the_o island_n and_o in_o the_o other_o dignity_n or_o office_n before_o mention_v doubtless_o in_o all_o these_o the_o peculiar_a dominion_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o he_o that_o confer_v the_o dignity_n be_v so_o clear_o signify_v and_o include_v that_o his_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v keep_v and_o guard_v as_o well_o as_o authority_n over_o the_o person_n dignify_v be_v plain_o imply_v in_o this_o title_n nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v omit_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n before_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n be_v sufficient_o establish_v by_o our_o king_n and_o settle_v so_o distinct_a that_o the_o command_n and_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v belong_v only_o to_o they_o the_o governor_n or_o keeper_n of_o the_o province_n who_o we_o call_v sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o office_n have_v also_o some_o custody_n or_o command_n of_o part_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o adjoin_v to_o their_o respective_a province_n as_o of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n which_o true_o to_o let_v pass_v other_o proof_n be_v sufficient_o evident_a by_o this_o that_o many_o time_n in_o those_o day_n they_o who_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n be_v wont_a as_o at_o this_o day_n to_o put_v in_o execution_n the_o command_v of_o the_o king_n in_o those_o place_n only_o that_o be_v commit_v several_o to_o their_o charge_n and_o custody_n do_v do_v the_o same_o also_o in_o the_o sea_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o in_o any_o land-province_n belong_v to_o he_o from_o who_o they_o receive_v their_o authority_n for_o by_o virtue_n of_o their_o ordinary_a power_n derive_v from_o the_o king_n and_o such_o as_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o very_a same_o right_n by_o which_o they_o hold_v the_o government_n of_o the_o county_n or_o province_n they_o do_v oftentimes_o remove_v the_o king_n ship_n and_o fleet_n from_o one_o port_n to_o another_o by_o sea_n as_o through_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o province_n that_o be_v commit_v to_o their_o
the_o saufegard_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o intercourse_n of_o merchandise_n safe_o to_o come_v into_o and_o to_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o same_o which_o be_v the_o usual_a form_n of_o word_n that_o be_v to_o say_v these_o word_n be_v part_n of_o the_o preface_n or_o preamble_n which_o be_v usual_o place_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o any_o law_n or_o statute_n whereby_o that_o most_o know_a custom_n or_o impost_n of_o tonnage_n and_o powndage_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v impose_v for_o the_o keep_n and_o sure_a defend_n of_o the_o sea_n against_o all_o person_n intend_v or_o that_o shall_v extend_v the_o disturbance_n of_o we_o your_o say_a commons_o in_o the_o intercourse_n and_o the_o invade_v of_o this_o your_o realm_n so_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v ever_o be_v so_o account_v the_o arbitrator_n and_o lord_n of_o commerce_n throughout_o these_o sea_n that_o it_o can_v not_o lawful_o be_v hinder_v without_o his_o commission_n which_o true_o be_v a_o manifest_a evidence_n of_o that_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n whereof_o we_o treat_v and_o here_o you_o see_v also_o that_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n that_o be_v of_o the_o island_n for_o sometime_o the_o isle_n alone_o and_o sometime_o the_o sea_n also_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v by_o and_o by_o be_v comprehend_v in_o that_o name_n and_o of_o the_o sea_n as_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v hold_v and_o possess_v by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o right_n be_v join_v together_o the_o tribute_n or_o custom_n aforementioned_a which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v impose_v and_o the_o usual_a form_n of_o the_o same_o imposition_n may_v be_v see_v complete_a in_o the_o print_a act_n of_o parliament_n of_o k._n kdward_n the_o sixth_o and_o other_o follow_v but_o it_o appear_v most_o certain_a by_o the_o roll_n that_o the_o predecessor_n also_o of_o this_o edward_n who_o record_n be_v yet_o extant_a do_v enjoy_v the_o same_o or_o the_o like_a according_a to_o the_o various_a custom_n of_o the_o time_n observation_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a and_o irish_a sea_n from_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o those_o letter_n patent_n or_o commission_n royal_a whereby_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v put_v in_o authority_n chap._n xvi_o the_o usual_a form_n of_o commission_n whereby_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v invest_v with_o authority_n for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n run_v thus_o at_o this_o day_n as_o it_o have_v do_v also_o for_o very_a many_o year_n past_a we_o give_v and_o grant_v to_o n._n the_o office_n of_o our_o great_a admiral_n of_o england_n ireland_n wales_n and_o of_o the_o dominion_n and_o island_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o also_o of_o our_o town_n of_o calais_n and_o our_o march_n thereof_o normandy_n gascoigne_n and_o aquitain_n and_o we_o have_v make_v appoint_v and_o ordain_v and_o by_o these_o present_v we_o make_v appoint_v and_o ordain_v he_o the_o say_v n._n our_o admiral_n of_o england_n ireland_n and_o wales_n and_o our_o dominion_n and_o isle_n of_o the_o same_o our_o town_n of_o calais_n and_o our_o march_n thereof_o normandy_n gascoign_n and_o aquitain_n as_o also_o general_a governor_n over_o all_o our_o fleet_n and_o sea_n of_o our_o say_a kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n our_o dominion_n and_o island_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o and_o know_v you_o further_o that_o we_o of_o â—uâ—_n especial_a grace_n and_o upon_o certain_a knowledge_n etc._n etc._n do_v give_v and_o grant_v to_o the_o say_v n._n our_o great_a admiral_n of_o england_n and_o governor_n general_a over_o our_o fleet_n and_o sea_n aforesaid_a all_o manner_n of_o jurisdiction_n autority_n liberty_n office_n fee_n profit_n duty_n emolument_n wreck_n of_o the_o sea_n ejectment_n regard_v advantage_n commodity_n preeminence_n and_o privilege_n whatsoëver_o to_o the_o say_a office_n our_o great_a admiral_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n and_o of_o the_o other_o place_n and_o dominion_n aforesaid_a in_o any_o manner_n whatsoëver_o belong_v and_o appertain_v and_o afterward_o there_o follow_v very_o many_o other_o particular_n in_o the_o king_n commission_n set_v forth_o that_o most_o ample_a command_n and_o jurisdiction_n in_o former_a time_n as_o have_v be_v already_o show_v you_o this_o kind_n of_o commander_n be_v call_v custodes_fw-la maris_fw-la guardian_n or_o keeper_n of_o the_o sea_n who_o afterward_o begin_v to_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o name_n of_o admiral_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o but_o their_o command_n be_v usual_o restrain_v to_o certain_a limit_n of_o coast_n so_o that_o particular_a commander_n be_v sometime_o set_v over_o each_o of_o the_o three_o western_a southern_a and_o northern_a coast_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n over_o the_o western_a and_o northern_a seldom_o be_v one_o set_v over_o both_o before_o that_o the_o title_n of_o admiral_n of_o england_n ireland_n and_o aquitain_n be_v put_v into_o the_o commission_n of_o which_o more_o by_o and_o by_o but_o as_o the_o name_n of_o guardian_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v take_v from_o the_o sea_n itself_o whereof_o he_o be_v governor_n as_o of_o a_o province_n so_o that_o of_o admiral_n a_o word_n who_o original_a be_v very_o uncertain_a but_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 2._o amiralius_n be_v use_v of_o old_a for_o a_o commander_n of_o a_o fleet_n or_o navy_n not_o only_o in_o the_o west_n but_o also_o in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n derive_v its_o name_n of_o dignity_n either_o from_o the_o fleet_n wherewith_o he_o defend_v his_o jurisdiction_n at_o sea_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a heretofore_o or_o else_o from_o the_o land_n either_o border_n upon_o that_o jurisdiction_n or_o join_v therewith_o as_o it_o have_v be_v in_o the_o late_a form_n of_o commission_n whereupon_o from_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o unto_o henry_n the_o four_o about_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n they_o be_v in_o solemn_a manner_n create_v admiral_n of_o the_o fleet_n or_o navis_fw-la of_o our_o ship_n towards_o the_o northern_a part_n or_o towards_o the_o western_a part_n or_o the_o southern_a or_o as_o it_o â—â—ll_v out_o sometime_o of_o both_o together_o for_o the_o southern_a and_o western_a coast_n do_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o thing_n itself_o signify_v one_o and_o the_o same_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o coast_n stretch_v here_o and_o there_o along_o the_o shore_n from_o the_o north_n of_o the_o thames_n but_o as_o the_o dignity_n of_o those_o officer_n call_v come_v and_o magister_fw-la equitum_fw-la of_o the_o west_n magister_fw-la equitum_fw-la throughout_o gallia_n magister_fw-la militum_fw-la throughout_o the_o east_n magister_fw-la militum_fw-la throughout_o thrace_n and_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n in_o the_o imperial_a office_n do_v no_o less_o denote_v the_o authority_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o they_o that_o command_v in_o these_o province_n who_o before_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o province_n than_o if_o they_o have_v be_v call_v come_v and_o magister_fw-la of_o the_o west_n magister_n throughout_o gallia_n throughout_o the_o east_n and_o throughout_o thrace_n so_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o fleet_n and_o navy_n whereby_o the_o sea_n be_v guard_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o land_n be_v possess_v by_o land-force_n do_v no_o less_o set_v forth_o the_o command_n and_o dominion_n and_o civil_a possession_n of_o those_o that_o have_v authority_n over_o the_o sea_n who_o before_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n then_o if_o they_o have_v be_v style_v guardian_n of_o the_o sea_n commander_n or_o admiral_n in_o their_o commission_n and_o such_o as_o be_v so_o constitute_v admiral_n of_o both_o coast_n or_o of_o the_o whole_a english_a navy_n be_v sometime_o by_o a_o general_a name_n revocationâ—_n call_v admiral_n of_o england_n over_o the_o sea_n before_o that_o form_n of_o word_n be_v put_v into_o the_o royal_a commission_n and_o of_o this_o sort_n of_o admiral_n you_o have_v a_o catalogue_n set_v down_o by_o that_o eminent_a man_n sir_n henry_n spelman_n in_o his_o glossarie_n where_o there_o be_v other_o also_o that_o follow_v but_o such_o a_o change_n happen_v in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o commission_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o that_o there_o be_v one_o man_n appoint_v admiral_n not_o only_o of_o the_o fleet_n or_o navy_n but_o of_o england_n and_o ireland_n over_o who_o fleet_n of_o ship_n or_o navy_n for_o defence_n of_o the_o irish_a sea_n sometime_o a_o particular_a person_n be_v make_v admiral_n as_o be_v 15._o thomas_n percy_n earl_n of_o worcester_n yea_o and_o in_o express_a word_n also_o admiral_n of_o aquitain_n and_o picardy_n as_o be_v thomas_n beaufort_n who_o also_o be_v duke_n of_o excester_n under_o henry_n the_o five_o in_o the_o 4._o thirteen_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o after_o he_o have_v surrender_v the_o commission_n whereby_o he_o have_v
before_o be_v make_v commander_n of_o the_o fleet_n and_o he_o be_v the_o first_o for_o aught_o we_o know_v that_o be_v create_v in_o this_o manner_n but_o in_o the_o next_o form_n of_o commission_n the_o name_n of_o picardy_n be_v leave_v out_o so_o indeed_o in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o six_o or_o anno_fw-la dom._n mcdxxvi_o john_n duke_n of_o bedford_n be_v by_o commission_n julii_n make_v admiral_n of_o england_n ireland_n and_o aquitain_n that_o form_n continue_v about_o 88_o year_n or_o throughout_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n vi_o edward_n iv_o richard_n iii_o henry_n vii_o and_o the_o three_o first_o year_n of_o henry_n viii_o and_o about_o that_o time_n ten_o other_o be_v in_o like_a manner_n make_v admiral_n for_o the_o most_o part_n perpetual_a of_o england_n ireland_n and_o aquitain_n the_o last_o of_o which_o be_v john_n earl_n of_o oxon_n who_o be_v commissionated_a in_o that_o 1._o form_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o but_o there_o follow_v another_o alteration_n or_o addition_n of_o title_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o that_o king_n anno_fw-la dom._n mdxiii_o at_o that_o time_n sir_n edward_n howard_n knight_n son_n of_o thomas_n earl_n of_o suâ—â—ie_n afterward_o duke_n of_o norfolk_n be_v make_v 15._o admiral_n of_o england_n wales_n ireland_n normandy_n gascoign_n and_o aquaitain_n to_o which_o word_n 16._o calais_n and_o the_o march_n thereof_o be_v add_v in_o the_o commission_n of_o william_n fitzwilliams_n who_o also_o be_v earl_n of_o southampton_n be_v appoint_v admiral_n in_o the_o twenty_o eight_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o this_o form_n of_o commission_n hold_v in_o use_n afterward_o through_o the_o whole_a reign_n of_o that_o henry_n add_v according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n the_o clause_n touch_v jurisdiction_n but_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o edward_n the_o sixth_o thomas_n baron_fw-fr seymour_n of_o sudeley_n brother_n to_o edward_n duke_n of_o somerset_n be_v make_v admiral_n 9_o almost_o in_o the_o same_o word_n as_o that_o william_n earl_n of_o southampton_n insert_v after_o the_o name_n of_o calais_n boloign_n and_o the_o march_n of_o the_o same_o after_z him_z followed_z john_n earl_n of_o warwick_n who_o be_v create_v by_o edward_n the_o sixth_o in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 28._o our_o admiral_n of_o england_n ireland_n wales_n calais_n and_o boloign_v and_o our_o march_n of_o the_o same_o of_o normandy_n gascoign_n and_o aquitain_n as_o also_o governor_n general_a over_o all_o our_o fleet_n and_o sea_n and_o in_o the_o same_o commission_n he_o be_v style_v afterward_o great_a admiral_n of_o england_n and_o governor_n of_o our_o fleet_n and_o sea_n but_o after_o a_o while_n the_o name_n of_o boloign_n be_v omit_v the_o next_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n be_v create_v in_o the_o very_a same_o form_n of_o word_n as_o be_v mention_v before_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o chapter_n for_o in_o the_o same_o 3._o form_n be_v william_n baron_n howard_n of_o effingham_n son_n of_o thomas_n duke_n of_o norfolk_n make_v admiral_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o queen_n marie_n or_o anno_fw-la dom._n mdliii_o and_o the_o command_n or_o government_n of_o those_o sea_n as_o the_o principal_a charge_n of_o that_o office_n or_o dignity_n be_v more_o notable_o express_v there_o as_o you_o may_v see_v than_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n from_o that_o time_n forward_o the_o very_a same_o form_n be_v keep_v always_o as_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o high_a admiralship_n grant_v to_o edward_n baron_fw-fr clinton_n afterward_o earl_n of_o lincoln_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o 10._o philip_n and_o marie_n also_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o charles_n baron_n of_o effingham_n afterward_o earl_n of_o nottingham_n in_o the_o time_n of_o q._n julii_n elizabeth_n and_o of_o charles_n duke_n of_o york_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n 27._o james_n beside_o george_n duke_n of_o buckingham_n who_o enjoy_v the_o same_o office_n or_o command_n in_o the_o same_o word_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o 17._o james_n and_o charles_n so_o that_o for_o above_o eighty_o year_n or_o thereabouts_o that_o be_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o q._n marie_n the_o whole_a form_n as_o it_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o chapter_n be_v ever_o express_o retain_v in_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o high_a admiralship_n of_o england_n so_o far_o as_o they_o denote_v either_o the_o country_n or_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o same_o but_o therein_o the_o admiral_n be_v style_v governor_n general_n over_o all_o our_o fleet_n and_o sea_n just_a as_o john_n earl_n of_o warwick_n be_v likewise_o express_o appoint_v in_o general_a term_n under_o edward_n the_o sixth_o or_o over_o our_o sea_n aforesaid_a but_o what_o be_v those_o sea_n or_o the_o sea_n aforesaid_a they_o be_v in_o the_o foregoing_a word_n express_o call_v the_o sea_n of_o our_o say_a kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n our_o dominion_n and_o island_n of_o the_o same_o that_o be_v in_o plain_a term_n mer_n d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr d'_fw-fr ireland_n &_o gale_n or_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n ireland_n and_o wales_n after_o which_o manner_n the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n be_v sometime_o also_o describe_v in_o 11._o our_o law_n which_o be_v call_v likewise_o now_o and_o then_o by_o 6._o our_o lawyer_n les_fw-fr quatre_fw-fr miers_n d'engleterre_fw-fr or_o the_o four_o sea_n of_o england_n divide_v according_a to_o the_o four_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n so_o that_o in_o the_o most_o receive_a form_n of_o this_o commission_n after_o the_o begin_n of_o queen_n mary_n reign_n out_o of_o which_o also_o the_o sens_fw-fr and_o mean_v of_o former_a commission_n be_v to_o be_v collect_v we_o have_v a_o continual_a possession_n or_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n point_v out_o in_o express_a word_n for_o very_a many_o year_n and_o what_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v by_o way_n of_o collection_n out_o of_o these_o that_o follow_v the_o beginning_n of_o marry_o touch_v the_o since_o or_o mean_v of_o former_a commission_n wherein_o a_o positive_a command_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o express_v be_v true_o to_o omit_v the_o thing_n itself_o which_o sufficient_o intimate_n as_o much_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n not_o a_o little_a confirm_v upon_o this_o ground_n that_o he_o also_o who_o before_o any_o express_a mention_n of_o our_o sea_n take_v place_n in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o high_a admiralship_n be_v next_o prefer_v to_o the_o same_o dignity_n be_v immediate_o after_o his_o creâtion_n according_a to_o the_o whole_a title_n of_o his_o office_n as_o be_v the_o same_o title_n which_o indeed_o always_o belong_v to_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n style_v great_a admiral_n of_o 30._o england_n and_z governor_z general_n of_o the_o navy_n and_o our_o sea_n so_o very_o thomas_n baron_n seymour_n who_o i_o mention_v before_o be_v style_v admiral_n of_o england_n in_o the_o patent_n roll_v grant_v to_o he_o by_o edward_n the_o sixth_o it_o be_v prove_v by_o word_n plain_a enough_o in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o commission_n for_o the_o government_n or_o command_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n from_o ancient_a to_o the_o present_a time_n that_o the_o sea_n for_o who_o guard_n or_o defence_n he_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_n and_o sovereign_n be_v ever_o bound_v towards_o the_o south_n by_o the_o shore_n of_o aquitain_n normandy_n and_o picardy_n chap._n xvii_o but_o in_o the_o form_n already_o show_v which_o have_v continue_v in_o use_n for_o so_o many_o year_n you_o see_v mention_n be_v make_v only_o of_o the_o sea_n of_o our_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n our_o dominion_n and_o island_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o as_o the_o province_n for_o who_o guard_n or_o defence_n the_o admiral_n be_v appoint_v that_o be_v as_o we_o have_v tell_v you_o the_o english_a irish_a and_o welsh_a sea_n all_o which_o be_v contain_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o british_a as_o it_o have_v be_v obseruéd_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o book_n yet_o the_o name_n of_o normandy_n gascoign_n and_o aquitain_n beside_o calais_n be_v add_v which_o be_v province_n seat_v upon_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v they_o in_o this_o place_n they_o be_v either_o to_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v always_o hold_v in_o subjection_n by_o the_o english_a from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o mention_n of_o they_o in_o the_o commission_n or_o as_o they_o have_v already_o for_o some_o age_n pass_v be_v out_o of_o their_o jurisdiction_n but_o suppose_v in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o they_o have_v always_o remain_v in_o the_o jurisdiction_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o english_a questionless_a
the_o coast_n of_o france_n for_o although_o aquitain_n indeed_o be_v first_o add_v to_o the_o name_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n in_o that_o commission_n while_o the_o english_a possess_v the_o duchy_n of_o aquitain_n nevertheless_o it_o not_o only_o so_o remain_v likewise_o in_o that_o form_n of_o commission_n constant_o even_o after_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o english_a until_o our_o time_n but_o normandy_n also_o which_o have_v never_o be_v name_v before_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n be_v add_v and_o this_o some_o age_n after_o that_o the_o english_a be_v whole_o deprive_v of_o the_o duchy_n itself_o so_o that_o either_o these_o name_n do_v serve_v in_o stead_n of_o a_o limit_v to_o the_o sea_n under_o his_o protection_n or_o else_o we_o must_v perforce_o admit_v contrary_a to_o reason_n that_o they_o signify_v nothing_o in_o the_o commission_n for_o so_o many_o year_n for_o we_o see_v that_o those_o name_n of_o opposite_a shore_n be_v retain_v in_o the_o admiral_n be_v commission_n even_o from_o the_o end_n of_o queen_n mary_n reign_n until_o our_o time_n or_o for_o the_o space_n of_o 77_o year_n though_o the_o english_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v not_o possess_v of_o the_o least_o part_n of_o france_n as_o also_o that_o normandy_n be_v add_v many_o year_n before_o but_o yet_o long_o after_o the_o english_a be_v out_v of_o its_o possession_n nor_o ought_v any_o man_n fond_o to_o imagine_v that_o these_o name_n be_v insert_v because_o of_o that_o right_a the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n for_o indeed_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v by_o a_o ancient_a right_n usual_o entitle_v themselves_o king_n of_o france_n also_o the_o dutchy_n of_o aquitain_n and_o normandy_n and_o the_o other_o province_n of_o france_n mention_v in_o this_o commission_n be_v comprehend_v in_o that_o name_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o lesser_a in_o the_o great_a but_o if_o that_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n certain_o the_o name_n of_o france_n shall_v have_v be_v ascribe_v to_o our_o admiral_n yea_o and_o other_o officer_n of_o that_o kingdom_n have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n after_o he_o be_v drive_v thence_o of_o which_o thing_n there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o evidence_n indeed_o any_o where_n exstant_fw-la and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v as_o soon_o as_o ever_o a_o alteration_n be_v make_v in_o the_o draught_n of_o the_o commission_n from_o that_o denomination_n of_o the_o command_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o fleet_n and_o coast_n over_o which_o they_o have_v command_v unto_o that_o which_o be_v make_v up_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o province_n that_o then_o a_o addition_n be_v make_v of_o aquitain_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o limit_n or_o bind_v as_o well_o on_o this_o as_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v point_v out_o by_o the_o shore_n the_o name_n of_o normandy_n be_v add_v afterward_o and_o retain_v still_o together_o with_o calais_n and_o the_o march_n thereof_o and_o aquitain_n upon_o the_o same_o account_n but_o while_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v in_o former_a time_n possess_v of_o normandy_n aquitain_n and_o other_o country_n in_o france_n there_o be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o form_n of_o commission_n wherein_o the_o kingdom_n and_o province_n as_o have_v be_v already_o show_v be_v express_o nominate_v any_o other_o admiral_n or_o governor_n of_o the_o maritime_a province_n or_o dominion_n by_o sea_n make_v by_o they_o beside_o those_o to_o who_o care_n the_o fleet_n and_o coast_n be_v commit_v in_o the_o manner_n already_o mention_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o whole_a sea_n flow_v between_o our_o british_a isle_n and_o the_o province_n over_o against_o they_o and_o the_o fleet_n belong_v to_o any_o territory_n whatsoëver_o of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v at_o that_o time_n by_o a_o peculiar_a right_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n in_o the_o sea_n so_o subject_a to_o they_o who_o be_v so_o put_v in_o command_n over_o the_o english_a fleet_n and_o coast_n that_o there_o remain_v neither_o place_n nor_o use_v for_o any_o other_o commander_n of_o that_o kind_n which_o may_v be_v say_v likewise_o of_o those_o time_n wherein_o some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n stand_v possess_v also_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n as_o edward_n the_o three_o and_o the_o two_o henry_n 5_o the_o and_o 6_o the_o nor_o be_v it_o a_o bare_a conjecture_n that_o they_o do_v not_o put_v any_o other_o in_o command_n over_o the_o sea_n and_o fleet_n beside_o those_o to_o who_o by_o right_a only_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n the_o power_n be_v commit_v to_o wit_n according_a to_o that_o right_n which_o comprehend_v the_o whole_a sea_n flow_v between_o but_o it_o be_v sufficient_o prove_v also_o upon_o this_o ground_n that_o we_o have_v the_o ancient_a public_a distincâ—i_fw-la record_n of_o those_o time_n touch_v the_o office_n constitute_v by_o our_o king_n in_o france_n and_o those_o province_n beyond_o sea_n in_o most_o whereof_o i_o find_v not_o the_o least_o sign_n of_o the_o contrary_n and_o if_o it_o be_v demand_v here_o wherefore_o it_o be_v that_o the_o shore_n of_o bretaign_n be_v omit_v which_o in_o like_a manner_n lie_v over_o against_o our_o isle_n of_o britain_n and_o together_o with_o the_o shore_n of_o picardy_n normandy_n and_o aquitain_n sufficient_o take_v up_o that_o whole_a tract_n which_o stretch_v itself_o in_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n before_o the_o english_a and_o irish_a sea_n certain_o if_o the_o aforementioned_a reason_n take_v place_n there_o be_v little_a cause_n to_o doubt_v that_o it_o happen_v thence_o because_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o at_o any_o time_n so_o possess_v of_o bretaign_a that_o be_v out_v of_o it_o he_o need_v to_o be_v very_o solicitous_a touch_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o sea-territorie_n adjoin_v distinct_a lord_n of_o territory_n confine_v on_o each_o other_o as_o be_v the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o duke_n of_o bretaign_n heretofore_o for_o bretaign_v have_v king_n and_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o before_o charles_n the_o eight_o under_o who_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1491._o it_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n keep_v their_o bound_n so_o distinct_a that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o more_o evident_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o all_o but_o when_o of_o such_o kind_n of_o territory_n there_o be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o lord_n as_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v while_o he_o possess_v either_o normandy_n or_o aquitain_n or_o any_o other_o maritime_a province_n in_o france_n together_o with_o england_n he_o be_v out_v of_o either_o aught_o above_o all_o thing_n to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o past_a confusion_n of_o possession_n be_v not_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o future_a distinction_n of_o bound_n for_o fear_v then_o lest_o it_o may_v have_v be_v pretend_v that_o even_o the_o sea_n adjoin_v or_o confine_v with_o those_o maritime_a province_n which_o be_v a_o long_a time_n heretofore_o possess_v by_o the_o english_a and_o afterward_o take_v away_o be_v take_v away_o together_o with_o the_o province_n whenas_o perhaps_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o past_a confusion_n of_o possession_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o lord_n all_o man_n may_v not_o be_v sufficient_o instruct_v touch_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n place_v as_o we_o have_v say_v upon_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o therefore_o for_o the_o set_n forth_o of_o those_o bound_n the_o name_n first_o of_o aquitain_n after_o its_o be_v lose_v be_v retain_v in_o the_o admiral_n be_v commission_n and_o then_o that_o also_o of_o normandy_n be_v add_v and_o afterward_o both_o of_o they_o with_o the_o name_n of_o calais_n and_o the_o march_n in_o stead_n of_o the_o shore_n of_o picardy_n be_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n continue_v down_o to_o our_o time_n which_o reason_n true_o can_v not_o concern_v bretaign_a at_o all_o nor_o flanders_n likewise_o nor_o any_o other_o shore_n lie_v eastward_o over_o against_o we_o all_o which_o nevertheless_o do_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n bind_v the_o sea-territorie_n of_o england_n moreover_o those_o thing_n that_o have_v be_v hitherto_o observe_v shall_v be_v confirm_v by_o what_o we_o shall_v add_v next_o touch_v the_o office_n of_o admiral_n among_o the_o french_a touch_v the_o admiral_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n or_o those_o constitute_v upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n their_o original_a nature_n and_o variety_n that_o the_o sea_n itself_o flow_v between_o britain_n and_o france_n be_v not_o contain_v in_o that_o command_n of_o he_o as_o of_o one_o that_o be_v governor_n of_o a_o territory_n or_o province_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n in_o it_o that_o may_v
oppose_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n chap._n xviii_o that_o there_o be_v admiral_n also_o constitute_v by_o the_o french_a king_n upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n of_o france_n be_v know_v to_o every_o man_n and_o as_o there_o be_v a_o admiral_n appoint_v in_o gallia_n narbonensis_n to_o oversee_v maritime_a affair_n there_o so_o also_o on_o the_o opposite_a shore_n there_o be_v distinct_a office_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o aquitain_n bretaign_n and_o normandy_n and_o the_o adjoin_a coast_n but_o the_o french_a lawyer_n of_o late_a be_v wont_a to_o call_v their_o admiral_n in_o latin_a praefectus_fw-la maris_fw-la governor_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o if_o the_o sea_n be_v subject_a to_o he_o also_o as_o a_o governor_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v right_o consider_v that_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o what_o name_n soëver_o it_o be_v call_v do_v not_o signify_v as_o among_o the_o english_a any_o dominion_n of_o one_o have_v command_n in_o any_o near_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o we_o speak_v not_o of_o the_o sea_n of_o marseille_n which_o have_v no_o relation_n hereunto_o but_o only_o of_o their_o naval_a force_n in_o any_o sea_n whatsoëver_o together_o with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o seaman_n and_o jurisdiction_n over_o their_o person_n and_o moveable_n which_o may_v fall_v under_o the_o determination_n of_o a_o judge_n pour_fw-fr raison_fw-fr ou_fw-fr occasion_n as_o they_o 2._o say_v the_o faict_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr that_o be_v by_o reason_n or_o upon_o occasion_n of_o any_o suit_n or_o controversy_n arise_v about_o sea-affair_n for_o the_o more_o plain_a understanding_n whereof_o we_o must_v make_v far_a enquiry_n in_o the_o more_o ancient_a time_n there_o be_v indeed_o admiral_n or_o governor_n of_o sea_n affair_n among_o the_o french_a yet_o so_o that_o their_o writer_n do_v not_o a_o little_a differ_v about_o the_o original_n of_o the_o dignity_n they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n say_v that_o rotlandus_n be_v find_v to_o have_v be_v governor_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o aremorica_n or_o alii_fw-la bretaign_v under_o charlemaign_n who_o they_o fetch_v out_o of_o eginhartus_n who_o write_v the_o life_n of_o charles_n at_o that_o time_n but_o in_o eginhartus_fw-la he_o be_v express_o call_v governor_n not_o of_o the_o british_a sea_n but_o only_o of_o the_o shore_n of_o britaign_n as_o we_o tell_v you_o in_o the_o 18._o former_a book_n in_o which_o name_n there_o be_v a_o description_n not_o of_o one_o that_o govern_n the_o sea_n as_o a_o province_n but_o who_o command_n be_v the_o shore_n as_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o dignity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o same_o kind_n as_o those_o count_n or_o officer_n be_v who_o be_v 4._o depute_v in_o that_o age_n to_o guard_v the_o sea_n coast_n and_o secure_v it_o from_o the_o incursion_n of_o enemy_n by_o sea_n there_o be_v also_o a_o 22._o nameless_a author_n of_o a_o chronicle_n belong_v to_o a_o monastery_n call_v monasterium_fw-la besuense_a who_o write_v that_o this_o guard_n of_o the_o shore_n under_o the_o caroline_n king_n be_v give_v over_o a_o little_a after_o the_o time_n of_o charlemaign_n but_o in_o the_o follow_a age_n the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v divide_v as_o it_o whereby_o piece-meal_n into_o several_a principalite_n that_o which_o a_o long_o retain_v this_o name_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v reduce_v into_o so_o narrow_a a_o compass_n that_o the_o province_n of_o narbon_n be_v hold_v by_o sovereign_a earl_n of_o its_o own_o aquitain_n or_o the_o western_a shore_n which_o lie_v more_o southerly_a with_o normandy_n by_o the_o english_a bretaign_a either_o by_o king_n or_o duke_n of_o the_o same_o and_o flanders_n by_o earl_n so_o that_o whilst_o the_o whole_a sea-coast_n except_o picardy_n remain_v separate_v from_o that_o kingdom_n there_o be_v sea_n little_a enough_o lie_v before_o it_o yea_o and_o the_o naval_a force_n be_v small_a enough_o of_o which_o before_o the_o accession_n of_o a_o large_a sea-coast_n to_o the_o french_a kingdom_n there_o be_v most_o use_v in_o the_o expedition_n of_o the_o holy_a war._n nor_o be_v any_o other_o governor_n wont_a to_o be_v appoint_v there_o by_o the_o name_n of_o admiral_n than_o he_o who_o as_o occasion_v require_v be_v put_v in_o command_n over_o the_o navy_n and_o military_a affair_n by_o sea_n yea_o and_o be_v borrow_v from_o some_o nation_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o genoeses_n or_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n but_o the_o king_n themselves_o have_v at_o that_o time_n no_o command_n over_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o be_v express_o write_v by_o johannes_n tilius_fw-la a_o clerk_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n his_o word_n be_v these_o 90._o after_o that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v lessen_v by_o division_n and_o the_o king_n confine_v to_o more_o narrow_a dominion_n because_o they_o have_v potent_a vassal_n who_o enjoy_v feud_n with_o absolute_a sovereignty_n if_o you_o except_o their_o homage_n for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n hold_v the_o dutchy_n of_o normandy_n and_o aquitain_n britain_n have_v a_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o and_o slander_n tholouse_n and_o provence_n have_v their_o earl_n the_o king_n of_o france_n for_o a_o long_a time_n have_v no_o command_n over_o the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o have_v no_o need_n of_o admiral_n until_o they_o undertake_v the_o expedition_n for_o the_o holy_a land_n at_o which_o time_n they_o make_v use_v of_o genoeses_n who_o they_o hire_v with_o spaniard_n or_o other_o of_o their_o neighbour_n that_o be_v well_o skilled_a in_o sea-affair_n to_o under-take_a the_o care_n of_o transportation_n have_v no_o office_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o have_v many_o admiral_n in_o one_o single_a expedition_n but_o after_o that_o the_o english_a have_v quit_v normandy_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n have_v get_v ground_n upon_o the_o sea-coast_n the_o use_n of_o sea-affair_n also_o be_v somewhat_o augment_v that_o be_v to_o say_v about_o the_o time_n of_o john_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n so_o that_o the_o first_o admiral_n that_o they_o reckon_v in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o french_a dignity_n of_o who_o any_o memory_n be_v leave_v to_o posterity_n be_v enguerandus_fw-la coucaeus_n in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o bold_a king_n of_o france_n or_o about_o the_o year_n 1280_o as_o it_o be_v relate_v by_o joannes_n feronius_n and_o what_o kind_n of_o dignity_n his_o be_v appear_v sufficient_o thence_o that_o his_o next_o successor_n matthew_n momorancie_n and_o john_n harcourt_n be_v only_o upon_o a_o particular_a occasion_n put_v in_o command_n over_o the_o sea-force_n by_o philip_n the_o fair_a as_o we_o 183._o understand_v by_o their_o commission_n yea_o and_o they_o be_v mention_v by_o william_n de_fw-fr nangis_n by_o the_o title_n of_o admiral_n as_o other_o also_o be_v by_o hollandiae_fw-la joannes_n de_fw-fr beka_n in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o fair_a although_o 14._o joannes_n tilius_fw-la reckon's_n amaurius_n viscount_n of_o narbonne_n to_o be_v the_o first_o that_o bear_v the_o dignity_n of_o admiral_n in_o france_n as_o a_o constant_a settle_a office_n over_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o time_n of_o john_n and_o charles_n the_o five_o king_n of_o france_n that_o be_v about_o the_o year_n 1300_o while_o france_n other_o be_v too_o busy_a in_o sum_v up_o divers_a other_o particular_n touch_v the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o command_n among_o the_o french_a afterward_o aquitain_n be_v add_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n in_o the_o year_n 1453._o henry_n the_o sixth_o of_o england_n be_v drive_v out_o but_o in_o the_o year_n 1481._o the_o province_n of_o narbonne_n in_o the_o year_n 1491._o the_o duchy_n of_o bretaign_n and_o last_o in_o the_o space_n of_o some_o year_n all_o that_o the_o english_a hold_v in_o picardy_n be_v add_v also_o so_o all_o the_o sea-coast_n except_o belgium_n return_v into_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n hereupon_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o four_o sea-government_n or_o admiralship_n be_v afterward_o in_o use_n therein_o notwithstanding_o that_o sometime_o one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n hold_v several_a together_o but_o of_o these_o the_o government_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n and_o picardy_n be_v at_o this_o day_n usual_o call_v the_o admiralship_n of_o france_n because_o before_o that_o the_o province_n of_o narbonne_n aquitain_n and_o bretaigne_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o only_a maritime_a government_n in_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n be_v that_o of_o picardy_n whereto_o normandy_n be_v add_v afterward_o as_o the_o next_o province_n the_o other_o three_o be_v denominate_v from_o their_o respective_a province_n the_o whole_a matter_n be_v very_o well_o set_v forth_o by_o renatus_n choppinus_n
12._o there_o be_v say_v he_o four_o governor_n of_o the_o french_a sea_n who_o bear_v a_o equal_a command_n under_o a_o different_a title_n and_o upon_o several_a coast_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o in_o ancient_a time_n aquitain_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o english_a bretaign_v by_o its_o duke_n provence_n by_o hereditary_a earl_n not_o by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o therefore_o at_o that_o time_n the_o admiral_n of_o france_n have_v command_v only_o over_o the_o belgic_a sea_n of_o picardy_n and_o normandy_n as_o far_o as_o the_o coast_n of_o bretaign_n but_o then_o all_o the_o other_o border_a prince_n choose_v governor_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o admiral_n peculiar_o for_o themselves_o and_o therefore_o the_o english_a be_v drive_v out_o of_o aquitain_n and_o the_o country_n of_o provence_n and_o bretaign_v be_v bring_v into_o subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n the_o king_n suppose_v it_o not_o fit_a to_o innovate_v any_o thing_n appoint_v a_o lieutenant_n and_o admiral_n of_o aquitain_n likewise_o a_o governor_n of_o bretaign_n with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o in_o the_o province_n of_o gallia_n narbonensis_n in_o a_o manner_n distinct_a and_o apart_o from_o the_o rest_n but_o the_o chief_a court_n of_o judicature_n belong_v to_o the_o french_a admiral_n be_v settle_v at_o paris_n and_o rouen_n so_o he_o and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o write_v that_o there_o be_v prince_n not_o a_o few_o who_o hold_v the_o seacoast_n as_o beneficiaries_n that_o enjoy_v the_o power_n of_o admiral_n in_o their_o territory_n but_o we_o have_v edict_n and_o decree_n concern_v the_o admiral_n be_v jurisdiction_n over_o the_o maritime_a force_n affair_n and_o person_n in_o the_o time_n of_o 10._o charles_n the_o five_o and_o sixth_o lewis_n the_o 12_o the_o francis_n the_o first_o henry_n the_o 2_o d_o &_o 3_o d_o and_o other_o king_n of_o france_n as_o also_o touch_v the_o ten_o of_o spoil_n take_v from_o enemy_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o kind_n which_o relate_v unto_o the_o good_n and_o person_n of_o such_o as_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o any_o manner_n of_o navigation_n whatsoêver_o and_o in_o these_o edict_n he_o be_v sometime_o call_v by_o the_o king_n nostre_fw-fr 148â—_n lieutenant_n general_n per_fw-la la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr &_o greve_n d'icelle_n that_o be_v our_o lieutenant_n general_a throughout_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n thereof_o but_o this_o lieutenant_n or_o governor_n as_o they_o plea_n to_o call_v he_o of_o the_o sea_n be_v never_o at_o all_o in_o command_n over_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o france_n and_o britain_n as_o over_o a_o province_n or_o territorie_n to_o be_v defend_v for_o the_o king_n of_o france_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n but_o in_o the_o sea_n only_o over_o the_o 3._o naval_a force_n person_n and_o affair_n belong_v to_o the_o french_a jurisdiction_n much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o a_o sovereign_a prince_n take_v cognizance_n of_o offender_n of_o his_o own_o retinue_n in_o a_o foreign_a territory_n and_o rule_n be_v they_o as_o at_o home_n but_o without_o any_o pretence_n of_o he_o to_o a_o right_a of_o dominion_n in_o that_o territory_n which_o true_o there_o be_v no_o man_n but_o will_v conceiv_v that_o shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n observe_v the_o defect_n and_o deep_a silence_n of_o ancient_a testimony_n touch_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o dominion_n among_o the_o french_a beside_o the_o quality_n of_o that_o government_n among_o they_o and_o at_o length_n the_o entire_a and_o most_o ample_a power_n always_o exercise_v throughout_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n lie_v about_o it_o under_o the_o sole_a command_n of_o the_o english_a and_o will_v but_o compare_v it_o for_o so_o many_o revolution_n of_o year_n with_o those_o so_o long_o break_v and_o divide_v dominion_n upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n of_o france_n and_o with_o the_o late_a addition_n of_o the_o sea-coast_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n according_a to_o those_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v already_o speak_v about_o it_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o there_o be_v no_o testimony_n before_o our_o time_n concern_v any_o dominion_n of_o this_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o in_o our_o time_n except_o certain_a lawyer_n who_o speak_v of_o it_o either_o by_o the_o by_o or_o in_o a_o rhetorical_a flourish_n only_o not_o in_o a_o way_n of_o assert_v it_o by_o strength_n of_o argument_n of_o these_o thing_n i_o have_v speak_v already_o in_o the_o former_a book_n where_o also_o other_o matter_n be_v allege_v of_o special_a observation_n which_o confirm_v what_o be_v handle_v in_o this_o particular_a but_o now_o let_v we_o add_v hereunto_o that_o the_o very_a french_a historian_n both_o of_o the_o past_a and_o present_a age_n do_v affirm_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n the_o king_n of_o france_n therefore_o either_o have_v no_o admiral_n at_o all_o or_o else_o that_o they_o be_v constitute_v now_o and_o then_o only_o as_o occasion_v require_v because_o they_o have_v no_o empire_n over_o the_o sea_n as_o tilius_fw-la say_v express_o in_o the_o place_n abovementioned_a in_o vain_a therefore_o do_v 9_o popellinerius_n reprehend_v those_o historian_n in_o say_v it_o be_v false_a because_o normandy_n picardy_n and_o flanders_n be_v heretofore_o under_o the_o french_a dominion_n for_o not_o to_o mention_v this_o that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n reign_v a_o long_a time_n without_o the_o possession_n of_o normandy_n and_o flanders_n and_o retain_v not_o any_o other_o shore_n beside_o that_o of_o picardy_n as_o appear_v by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o show_v and_o by_o the_o frequent_a testimony_n of_o historian_n and_o the_o consequence_n do_v not_o appear_v to_o be_v good_a that_o they_o have_v any_o command_n over_o the_o sea_n because_o they_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o some_o sea-coast_n no_o more_o true_o than_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o a_o man_n be_v lord_n of_o a_o river_n in_o france_n because_o he_o have_v land_n lie_v by_o it_o whereas_o by_o receive_a custom_n according_a to_o the_o 16._o law_n of_o france_n the_o king_n be_v owner_n of_o all_o river_n that_o be_v navigable_a where_o they_o belong_v not_o to_o some_o subject_n by_o a_o particular_a prescription_n of_o possession_n or_o some_o other_o title_n beside_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o adjacent_a land_n as_o the_o custom_n be_v not_o unusual_a also_o in_o other_o place_n but_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o quality_n of_o this_o maritime_a government_n among_o the_o french_a it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o as_o every_o one_o of_o the_o more_o eminent_a office_n or_o government_n have_v a_o peculiar_a place_n in_o their_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o government_n as_o it_o chief_o respect_n any_o province_n or_o government_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o french_a dominion_n as_o the_o constable_n the_o grand_a escuyer_n or_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n the_o grand_a master_n and_o other_o yet_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n have_v no_o place_n at_o all_o upon_o that_o account_n as_o it_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o time_n of_o 5._o henry_n the_o second_o when_o such_o a_o place_n be_v plain_o deny_v to_o gaspar_n collignie_a admiral_n of_o france_n as_o he_o be_v admiral_n or_o have_v the_o maritime_a government_n but_o it_o be_v grant_v he_o as_o governor_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o france_n as_o they_o call_v it_o under_o the_o king_n for_o by_o the_o title_n of_o admiral_n he_o have_v no_o government_n in_o chief_a within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o because_o be_v admiral_n of_o the_o fleet_n and_o sea_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a since_o which_o be_v out_o of_o the_o king_n dominion_n he_o exercise_v jurisdiction_n over_o person_n and_o affair_n only_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o sea_n therefore_o in_o this_o respect_n he_o be_v to_o be_v deny_v any_o place_n for_o which_o cause_n likewise_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v as_o it_o seem_v that_o those_o four_o distinct_a admiral_n beforementioned_a have_v in_o like_a manner_n also_o a_o government_n of_o province_n from_o which_o they_o be_v wont_v to_o be_v denominate_v as_o we_o understand_v by_o these_o passage_n already_o cite_v out_o of_o choppinus_n and_o other_o that_o write_v of_o this_o matter_n so_o they_o that_o have_v any_o principal_a command_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o be_v within_o the_o shore_n of_o france_n do_v enjoie_v a_o equal_a privilege_n with_o the_o other_o more_o eminent_a dignity_n of_o the_o realm_n moreover_o also_o the_o regulation_n of_o those_o river_n whereof_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v lord_n be_v not_o under_o the_o admiral_n be_v government_n but_o under_o the_o special_a charge_n of_o those_o
what_o have_v be_v already_o speak_v and_o from_o hence_o perhaps_o it_o be_v that_o the_o more_o ancient_a arm_n of_o the_o king_n of_o man_n be_v a_o ship_n with_o a_o sail_n fold_v together_o and_o this_o inscription_n add_v rex_fw-la manniae_fw-la &_o insularum_fw-la king_n of_o man_n &_o of_o the_o isle_n as_o m_n r_o 847._o camden_n observ'_v from_o their_o sail_n for_o the_o three_o leg_n of_o humane_a shape_n now_o every_o where_o know_v be_v but_o of_o late_a time_n but_o afterward_o when_o ireland_n be_v subdue_v by_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o king_n john_n and_o reginald_n king_n of_o man_n dorso_fw-la bring_v into_o the_o power_n of_o king_n john_n the_o english_a possess_v this_o sea_n at_o that_o time_n with_o a_o very_a numerous_a navy_n there_o be_v no_o reason_n at_o all_o to_o doubt_v but_o that_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n round_o about_o be_v take_v also_o into_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a for_o in_o that_o age_n the_o king_n of_o man_n be_v no_o absolute_a prince_n but_o be_v subdue_v he_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n &_o yield_v under_o his_o subjection_n but_o in_o a_o short_a time_n after_o alexander_n the_o three_o 13._o king_n of_o scot_n annex_v it_o to_o the_o dominion_n of_o scotland_n and_o put_v in_o a_o governor_n who_o be_v to_o assist_v he_o upon_o occasion_n with_o thirteen_o galley_n &_o five_o hundred_o seaman_n he_o recover_v the_o hebrides_n also_o by_o drive_v out_o the_o norwegian_n &_o transmit_v it_o to_o his_o posterity_n then_o man_n return_v again_o to_o the_o english_a who_o enjoy_v ireland_n a_o long_a time_n together_o with_o it_o &_o that_o sea-territory_n but_o the_o king_n of_o the_o hebrides_n and_o of_o scotland_n enjoy_v the_o northern_a part_n of_o this_o western_a sea_n after_o that_o they_o have_v expel_v the_o norwegian_n who_o be_v lord_n here_o of_o the_o sea_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o as_o scotland_n england_n this_o isle_n of_o man_n the_o hebrides_n and_o ireland_n with_o other_o adjacent_a isle_n so_o even_o the_o vergivian_n and_o deucaledonian_n sea_n itself_o wash_v the_o west_n of_o scotland_n and_o surround_v these_o isle_n with_o wind_n and_o turn_n ought_v now_o also_o to_o be_v account_v the_o ancient_a patrimony_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n but_o there_o be_v moreover_o in_o the_o more_o westerly_a part_n of_o this_o open_a and_o main_a sea_n another_o right_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o that_o of_o a_o very_a large_a extent_n upon_o the_o shore_n of_o america_n whenas_o s_n r_o humfery_n gilbert_n knight_n do_v by_o authority_n of_o queen_n elisabeth_n transport_v a_o colony_n into_o the_o new_a world_n with_o design_n to_o recover_v certain_a land_n in_o the_o east_n part_n of_o the_o northern_a america_n which_o of_o right_o belong_v to_o the_o english_a dominion_n the_o queen_n be_v by_o he_o as_o her_o procurator_n put_v into_o a_o possession_n for_o ever_o to_o be_v hold_v by_o she_o and_o her_o heir_n both_o of_o the_o port_n call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o s_o t_o john_n which_o be_v in_o the_o island_n of_o baccalaos_n and_o also_o of_o the_o whole_a sea_n as_o well_o as_o land_n on_o every_o side_n 151._o for_o the_o space_n of_o six_o hundred_o mile_n then_o he_o receive_v this_o new_a kingdom_n of_o the_o queen_n as_o her_o beneficiarie_n have_v a_o branch_n and_o a_o turf_n deliver_v in_o his_o hand_n according_a to_o the_o usual_a ceremony_n of_o england_n in_o transfer_v the_o ownership_n of_o land_n and_o possession_n nor_o true_o be_v it_o necessary_a that_o he_o shall_v otherwise_o get_v the_o possession_n from_o whence_o this_o dominion_n of_o the_o queen_n and_o her_o posterity_n have_v its_o original_a for_o as_o paulus_n say_v well_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n that_o he_o who_o dom._n intend_v to_o take_v possession_n of_o a_o field_n shall_v walk_v about_o the_o whole_a but_o it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o he_o enter_v any_o part_n of_o that_o field_n so_o long_o as_o he_o do_v it_o with_o a_o mind_n thought_n and_o intent_n to_o possess_v the_o field_n to_o its_o utmost_a extent_n and_o bind_v which_o say_v may_v relate_v to_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o land_n that_o be_v never_o take_v into_o possession_n so_o that_o as_o agrorum_fw-la siculus_n flaccus_n treat_v of_o occupatorie_a land_n say_v man_n do_v not_o possess_v so_o much_o land_n as_o they_o be_v able_a to_o till_o but_o they_o reserve_v as_o much_o as_o they_o be_v in_o hope_n they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o till_o the_o like_a also_o may_v be_v say_v of_o a_o sea_n so_o take_v into_o possession_n look_v how_o much_o be_v reserve_v in_o hope_n of_o use_v and_o enjoy_v so_o much_o also_o be_v bound_v but_o perhaps_o the_o first_o original_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o this_o main_a sea_n of_o america_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o possession_n that_o be_v acquire_v by_o gilbert_n he_o rather_o restore_v and_o enlarge_v the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n here_o for_o that_o island_n call_v baccalaos_n be_v add_v to_o the_o english_a empire_n by_o 7._o sebastian_n chabot_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o seven_o and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o afterward_o it_o grow_v to_o be_v a_o custom_n for_o the_o officer_n belong_v to_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n in_o who_o charge_n be_v all_o the_o sea_n subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n as_o king_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n to_o demand_v tribute_n of_o such_o as_o fish_v also_o in_o this_o sea_n which_o be_v i_o suppose_v a_o most_o evident_a token_n of_o the_o king_n dominion_n but_o it_o be_v 6._o provide_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o six_o that_o no_o tribute_n of_o that_o kind_n to_o the_o grievance_n of_o fisherman_n shall_v be_v pay_v any_o long_a how_o far_o our_o english_a colony_n late_o transport_v into_o america_n have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o sea_n there_o i_o have_v as_o yet_o make_v but_o little_a enquiry_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o scotish_n sea_n especial_o towards_o the_o east_n and_o north._n chap._n xxxi_o those_o particular_n which_o be_v cite_v before_o out_o of_o the_o 6._o proclamation_n of_o james_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n about_o the_o prohibition_n of_o fish_v relate_v as_o well_o to_o the_o scotish_n sea_n on_o every_o side_n from_o whence_o also_o you_o must_v acknowledge_v their_o possession_n have_v be_v retain_v together_o with_o a_o ancient_a sea-dominion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v all_o foreiner_n be_v prohibit_v to_o fish_n in_o these_o sea_n without_o leave_v first_o obtain_v at_o edinburgh_n and_o in_o those_o scotish_n act_n of_o parliament_n they_o be_v not_o so_o much_o new_a law_n make_v as_o old_a one_o revive_v whereby_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o all_o manner_n of_o 86._o fischere_n that_o occupy_v the_o sea_n and_o uthere_n person_n quhat_o sumever_o that_o happenis_n to_o slay_v hear_a or_o quihte_a fish_n upon_o the_o coast_n or_o within_o the_o isle_n or_o out_o with_o the_o samen_n within_o the_o frithes_n bring_v they_o to_o free_a port_n etc._n etc._n where_o they_o may_v be_v sell_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o same_o kingdom_n quhairby_o his_o majesty_n custom_n be_v not_o defraud_v and_o his_o hienes_n liege_n not_z frustrate_v of_o the_o commodity_n appoint_v to_o they_o be_v god_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o confiscation_n and_o tynsel_n of_o the_o veschelle_n of_o they_o that_o cume_v in_o the_o contrair_a hereof_o and_o escheit_v of_o all_o their_o movable_a gudde_n to_o our_o sovereign_n lord_n use_v so_o that_o use_n and_o benefit_n be_v claim_v hence_o by_o a_o special_a right_n in_o that_o sea_n otherwise_o true_o that_o use_n and_o be_v fit_n will_v of_o right_n no_o more_o appertein_a either_o to_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n or_o his_o subject_n than_o to_o any_o other_o whomsoêver_o but_o the_o law_n be_v make_v concern_v all_o fisherman_n as_o well_o stranger_n as_o scotchman_n as_o be_v ordain_v by_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o that_o kingdom_n who_o so_o well_o understand_v both_o the_o king_n be_v right_a and_o also_o their_o own_o as_o subordinate_a to_o the_o king_n by_o tradition_n from_o their_o ancestor_n or_o by_o long-continued_a possession_n and_o dominion_n that_o there_o remain_v not_o the_o least_o ground_n of_o scruple_n touch_v that_o business_n and_o a_o scotish_n lawyer_n speak_v about_o fish_v in_o the_o eastern_a sea_n of_o scotland_n i_o can_v say_v 3_o he_o omit_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o in_o the_o past_a age_n after_o a_o most_o bloody_a quarrel_n between_o the_o scot_n and_o hollander_n about_o occasion_n belong_v to_o the_o sea_n the_o matter_n be_v compose_v after_o this_o manner_n that_o in_o time_n to_o
to_o be_v renew_v by_o petition_n from_o seven_o year_n to_o seven_o year_n as_o a_o thing_n which_o for_o very_a many_o be_v not_o omit_v we_o answer_v that_o the_o fault_n of_o its_o omission_n proceed_v not_o from_o the_o english_a but_o from_o the_o dane_n for_o that_o seven_o year_n licens_fw-la be_v petition_v for_o till_o the_o time_n that_o king_n christiern_n be_v expel_v about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mdxx_o but_o afterward_o it_o cease_v to_o be_v renew_v because_o of_o the_o uncertainty_n to_o who_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v lawful_o belong_v and_o since_o the_o time_n of_o the_o say_a expulsion_n of_o king_n christiern_n neither_o king_n frederick_n your_o great_a grandfather_n nor_o christiern_n your_o grandfather_n nor_o frederick_n your_o highness_n father_n ever_o urge_v any_o such_o petition_n for_o licens_fw-la but_o concieve_v former_a treaty_n sufficient_a which_o be_v make_v between_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n they_o will_v not_o innovate_v any_o thing_n after_o a_o prescription_n of_o very_a many_o year_n see_v they_o be_v otherwise_o sufficient_o secure_a that_o the_o same_o thing_n will_v never_o be_v attempt_v which_o be_v the_o first_o occasion_n of_o ordain_v such_o a_o licens_fw-la and_o to_o this_o end_n the_o letter_n of_o king_n frederick_n your_o highness_n father_n write_v to_o we_o and_o bear_v date_n the_o four_o of_o may_n anno_fw-la mdlxxxv_o be_v show_v to_o doctor_n craig_n purport_v that_o if_o the_o english_a abstein_v from_o do_v injury_n they_o shall_v enjoy_v the_o wont_a liberty_n and_o favour_n without_o any_o mention_n or_o require_v of_o a_o petition_n for_o licens_fw-la whereas_o nevertheless_o we_o offer_v you_o that_o our_o merchant_n shall_v hereafter_o petition_v you_o from_o seven_o year_n to_o seven_o year_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a and_o long_o continue_a custom_n which_o offer_v we_o understand_v your_o highness_n will_v not_o admit_v for_o the_o most_o excellent_a queen_n will_v not_o otherwise_o acknowledge_v the_o jurisdiction_n and_o empire_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n in_o this_o sea_n than_o that_o the_o whole_a servitude_n or_o right_n of_o fish_v aforementioned_a there_o establish_v as_o aforesaid_a may_v as_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o ancient_a patrimony_n be_v retain_v to_o she_o and_o her_o successor_n there_o be_v other_o letter_n and_o treaty_n also_o about_o this_o business_n in_o the_o year_n 1602._o mdcii_o but_o the_o controversy_n be_v defer_v nothing_o be_v conclude_v but_o it_o appear_v the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n have_v empire_n and_o dominion_n also_o in_o the_o sea_n which_o lie_v far_o more_o northerly_a than_o island_n to_o wit_n in_o that_o of_o groënland_n for_o this_o sea_n have_v never_o be_v enter_v by_o occupation_n nor_o use_v in_o the_o art_n and_o exercise_n of_o fisherie_n be_v first_o in_o the_o memory_n of_o our_o father_n render_v very_o gainful_a through_o a_o peculiar_a fish_n for_o whale_n by_o those_o english_a merchant_n of_o the_o moscovie-companie_n who_o â—ailed_v that_o way_n the_o use_n of_o a_o sea_n never_o enter_v by_o occupation_n and_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o profit_n be_v first_o discover_v do_v according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o claim_n give_v a_o dominion_n to_o the_o discoverer_n who_o claim_n be_v it_o in_o the_o name_n of_o another_o as_o here_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o sovereign_n of_o england_n as_o well_o by_o a_o corporal_a as_o intentional_a possession_n no_o otherwise_o than_o do_v the_o first_o both_o natural_a and_o civil_a possession_n of_o any_o other_o thing_n whatsoever_o that_o be_v never_o yet_o possess_v upon_o which_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o king_n james_n in_o his_o letter_n of_o credence_n give_v to_o the_o worthy_a and_o most_o accomplish_a s_n henry_n wotton_n knight_n his_o ambassador_n in_o holland_n and_o other_o employ_v by_o he_o to_o treat_v about_o that_o business_n do_v very_o just_o call_v the_o fishing_n in_o the_o north_n sea_n near_o the_o shore_n of_o groenland_n library_n acquire_v for_o we_o only_o and_o we_o by_o right_n but_o that_o we_o may_v at_o length_n conclude_v whatsoever_o have_v be_v discourse_v hitherto_o touch_v the_o right_a and_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o the_o ancient_a extent_n of_o their_o royal_a patrimony_n in_o the_o sea_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o sum_v up_o the_o whole_a in_o certain_a verse_n of_o the_o most_o excellent_a hugo_n grotius_n of_o who_o law-writing_n so_o far_o as_o they_o concern_v either_o a_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o a_o community_n we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o former_a book_n which_o be_v very_o elegant_o write_v heretofore_o to_o k._n james_n upon_o his_o inauguration_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n say_v he_o 2._o tria_fw-la sceptra_fw-la profundi_fw-la in_o magnum_fw-la coiere_fw-la ducem_fw-la three_o sceptre_n of_o the_o deep_a their_o power_n do_v bring_v to_o make_v a_o trident_n for_o a_o mighty_a king_n and_o then_o address_v his_o speech_n to_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o receiv_v its_o motion_n from_o the_o moon_n sume_fw-la animos_fw-la à _fw-la rege_fw-la tuo_fw-la meliore_fw-la levatus_fw-la sidere_fw-la nec_fw-la cela_fw-fr populos_fw-la quocunque_fw-la calentes_fw-la sole_fw-la per_fw-la immensum_fw-la quem_fw-la circumvolveris_fw-la orbem_fw-la quis_fw-la det_fw-la jura_n mari._n take_v courage_n from_o thy_o roâ—al_a governor_n as_o by_o the_o influence_n of_o a_o better_a star_n and_o in_o thy_o course_n about_o the_o world_n explain_v to_o all_o mankind_n who_o it_o be_v that_o rule_n be_v the_o main_a and_o in_o another_o place_n licèt_fw-la omne_fw-la casus_fw-la magna_fw-la suos_fw-la metuant_fw-la jacobo_n promissa_fw-la potestas_fw-la cum_fw-la terris_fw-la pelagóque_fw-la manet_fw-la though_o all_o great_a thing_n a_o fall_n do_v fear_n yet_o james_n his_o power_n must_v stand_v be_v enlarge_v and_o compose_v both_o of_o the_o sea_n and_o land_n a_o little_a after_o also_o he_o proceed'_v thus_o rerum_fw-la natura_fw-la creatrix_fw-la divisit_fw-la populos_fw-la &_o metas_fw-la ipsa_fw-la notavit_fw-la sic_fw-la juga_fw-la pirenae_fw-la sic_fw-la olim_fw-la rhenus_n &_o asp_n imperiis_fw-la mensura_fw-la suis_fw-la te_fw-la flumine_fw-la nullo_n detinuit_fw-la nullâ_fw-la nimbosi_fw-la verticis_fw-la arce_fw-la sed_fw-la totum_fw-la complexa_fw-la parens_fw-la hic_fw-la terminus_fw-la ipsa_fw-la substitit_fw-la atque_fw-la uno_fw-la voluit_fw-la sub_fw-la limit_fw-la claudi_fw-la te_fw-la tibi_fw-la seposuit_fw-la supremo_fw-la in_o gurgite_fw-la nereus_n finis_fw-la hic_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-fr fine_a caret_fw-la quae_fw-la meta_fw-la britannis_fw-la litera_fw-la sunt_fw-la aliis_fw-la regnique_fw-la accessio_fw-la tanti_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la ventis_fw-la velisque_fw-la patet_fw-la nature_n herself_o the_o mistress_n of_o mankind_n have_v sever_v nation_n and_o their_o bound_n design_v so_o the_o pyren'ean_a top_n asp_n and_o rhine_n as_o bound_n to_o empire_n she_o do_v once_o assign_v yet_o thou_o she_o with_o no_o river-hath_a confine_v nor_o lofty_a tow'er_o that_o dare_v the_o stormy_a wind_n but_o have_v throw_v her_o wide_a embrace_n round_o the_o univers_n here_o fix_v herself_o thy_o bind_v and_o mean_v one_o limit_n shall_v you_o both_o contain_v they_z nereus_n have_v seclude_v in_o the_o main_a this_o bind_v unbounded_a be_v great_a britain_n stand_v confine_v by_o the_o shore_n of_o other_o land_n and_o all_o that_o may_v by_o wind_n and_o sail_n be_v know_v be_v a_o accession_n of_o so_o great_a a_o crown_n and_o without_o question_n it_o be_v true_a according_a to_o the_o collection_n of_o testimony_n before_o allege_v that_o the_o very_a shore_n or_o port_n of_o the_o neighbor-prince_n beyond-sea_n be_v bound_n of_o the_o sea-territorie_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n to_o the_o southward_n and_o eastward_o but_o that_o in_o the_o open_a and_o vast_a ocean_n of_o the_o north_n and_o west_n they_o be_v to_o be_v place_v at_o the_o utmost_a extent_n of_o those_o most_o spacious_a sea_n which_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o english_a scot_n and_o irish._n finis_fw-la prais_n and_o glory_n be_v to_o god_n our_o saviour_n additional_a evidence_n concern_v the_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n of_o england_n in_o the_o sea_n collect_v out_o of_o certain_a public_a paper_n relate_v to_o the_o reign_v of_o k._n james_n and_o k._n charles_n london_n print_v by_o william_n dugard_n an._n dom._n 1652._o additional_a evidence_n concern_v the_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n of_o england_n in_o the_o sea_n collect_v out_o of_o certain_a public_a paper_n relate_v to_o the_o reign_v of_o k._n james_n and_o k._n charles_n the_o learned_a author_n have_v full_o evince_v the_o right_n of_o this_o island_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o from_o all_o antiquity_n it_o be_v superfluous_a to_o seek_v after_o any_o far_a testimony_n relate_v to_o elder_a time_n wherein_o he_o himself_o have_v be_v so_o abundant_a and_o already_o set_v down_o the_o most_o material_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v conceive_v
direction_n what_o reply_v to_o return_v to_o this_o answer_n of_o they_o which_o i_o represent_v to_o their_o lordship_n yesterday_o to_o this_o effect_n that_o his_o majesty_n find_v it_o strange_a that_o they_o have_v be_v so_o often_o require_v by_o your_o lordship_n his_o majesty_n ambassador_n as_o from_o himself_o in_o their_o public_a assembly_n to_o send_v over_o commissioner_n full_o authorize_v to_o treat_v and_o conclude_v not_o only_o of_o all_o difference_n grow_v between_o the_o subject_n of_o both_o state_n touch_v the_o trade_n to_o the_o east-indies_n and_o the_o whale-fishing_a and_o to_o regulate_v and_o settle_v a_o joint_n and_o a_o even_a traffic_n in_o those_o quarter_n but_o withal_o to_o take_v order_n for_o a_o more_o indifferent_a course_n of_o determine_v other_o question_n grow_v between_o our_o merchaut_n and_o they_o about_o their_o drapery_n and_o the_o tare_n and_o more_o especial_o to_o determine_v his_o majesty_n right_o for_o the_o sole_a fish_n upon_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o his_o three_o kingdom_n into_o which_o they_o have_v of_o late_a time_n encroach_v far_a than_o of_o right_o they_o can_v and_o last_o for_o the_o reglement_n and_o reduce_v of_o their_o coin_n to_o such_o a_o proportion_n and_o correspondence_n with_o those_o of_o his_o majesty_n be_v and_o other_o state_n that_o their_o subject_n may_v make_v no_o advantage_n to_o transport_v our_o money_n by_o enhance_a their_o valuation_n there_o all_o which_o they_o confess_v your_o lordship_n have_v instance_a they_o for_o in_o his_o majesty_n be_v name_n that_o after_o all_o this_o attent_a on_o his_o majesty_n be_v part_n and_o so_o long_a deliberation_n on_o they_o they_o be_v come_v at_o last_o with_o a_o proposition_n to_o speak_v only_o to_o the_o two_o first_o point_n and_o instruct_v thereunto_o with_o bare_a letter_n of_o creance_n only_o which_o his_o majesty_n take_v for_o a_o imperious_a fashion_n of_o proceed_v in_o they_o as_o if_o they_o be_v come_v hither_o to_o treat_v of_o what_o themselves_o please_v and_o to_o give_v law_n to_o his_o majesty_n in_o his_o own_o kingdom_n and_o to_o propose_v and_o admit_v of_o nothing_o but_o what_o shall_v tend_v mere_o to_o their_o own_o end_n to_o the_o second_o whereas_o they_o will_v decline_v all_o debate_n of_o the_o fishing_n upon_o his_o majesty_n be_v coast_n first_o by_o allegation_n of_o their_o late_a great_a loss_n and_o a_o esmeute_n of_o their_o people_n who_o be_v all_o interest_v in_o that_o question_n and_o will_v be_v like_a to_o break_v out_o into_o jom_n combustion_n to_o the_o hazard_n of_o their_o state_n which_o have_v late_o escape_v naufrage_fw-la and_o be_v not_o yet_o altogether_o calm_v what_o be_v this_o but_o to_o raise_v a_o advantage_n to_o themselves_o out_o of_o their_o disadvantage_n but_o afterward_o they_o profess_v their_o lothness_n to_o call_v it_o into_o doubt_n or_o question_n claim_v a_o immemorial_n possession_n second_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n to_o which_o his_o majesty_n will_v have_v they_o tell_v that_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n have_v seek_v leave_v to_o fish_v there_o by_o treaty_n from_o this_o crown_n and_o that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n a_o near_a neighbour_n to_o our_o coast_n than_o they_o to_o this_o day_n request_n be_v leave_v for_o a_o few_o vessel_n to_o fish_n for_o provision_n of_o his_o own_o household_n and_o that_o it_o appear_v so_o much_o the_o more_o strange_a to_o his_o majesty_n that_o they_o be_v a_o state_n of_o so_o late_a date_n shall_v be_v the_o first_o that_o will_v presume_v to_o question_v his_o majesty_n be_v ancient_a right_n so_o many_o hundred_o year_n inviolable_o possess_v by_o his_o progenitor_n and_o acknowledge_v by_o all_o other_o ancient_a state_n and_o prince_n that_o themselves_o in_o their_o public_a letter_n of_o the_o last_o of_o june_n send_v by_o your_o lordship_n seem_v then_o to_o confirm_v their_o immemorial_n possession_n as_o they_o term_v it_o with_o divers_a treaty_n as_o be_v of_o the_o year_n 1550_o and_o another_o between_o his_o majesty_n be_v predecessor_n and_o charles_n the_o five_o as_o prince_n of_o those_o province_n and_o not_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n to_o which_o their_o last_o plea_n his_o majesty_n will_v have_v they_o tell_v that_o he_o be_v a_o islander-prince_n be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o the_o law_n and_o right_n of_o his_o own_o kingdom_n nor_o do_v expect_v to_o be_v teach_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n by_o they_o nor_o their_o grotius_n who_o ill_a thrive_a might_n rather_o teach_v other_o to_o disavow_v his_o position_n and_o his_o honesty_n call_v in_o question_n by_o themselves_o may_v render_v his_o learning_n as_o much_o suspect_v to_o they_o as_o his_o person_n this_o his_o majesty_n take_v for_o a_o high_a point_n of_o his_o sovereignty_n and_o will_v not_o have_v it_o slight_v over_o in_o any_o fashion_n whatsoëver_o thus_o i_o have_v particulate_v unto_o you_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o proceed_n with_o they_o let_v they_o advise_v to_o seek_v leave_v from_o his_o majesty_n and_o to_o achnowledg_v he_o his_o right_n as_o other_o prince_n have_v do_v and_o do_v or_o it_o may_v well_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o they_o that_o will_v needs_o bear_v all_o the_o world_n before_o they_o by_o their_o mare_n liberum_fw-la may_v soon_o come_v to_o have_v neither_o terram_fw-la &_o solum_fw-la nor_o rempublican_n liberam_fw-la and_o in_o a_o letter_n of_o the_o say_a ambassador_n carlton_n to_o secretary_n naunton_n of_o the_o 30_o of_o december_n 1618._o from_o the_o hague_n we_o find_v this_o return_n touch_v the_o business_n of_o fisherie_n whether_o the_o final_a resolution_n here_o will_v be_v according_a to_o his_o majesty_n be_v desire_n in_o that_o point_n concern_v the_o fish_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o his_o three_o kingdom_n i_o can_v say_v and_o by_o somewhat_o which_o fall_v from_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n by_o way_n of_o discourse_n when_o he_o take_v leave_v of_o i_o on_o monday_n last_o at_o his_o departure_n i_o suspect_v it_o will_v not_o in_o regard_n the_o magistrate_n of_o these_o town_n of_o holland_n be_v new_o place_v and_o yet_o scarce_o fast_o in_o their_o seat_n who_o do_v authorise_v the_o deputy_n which_o come_v hither_o to_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n in_o all_o thing_n they_o be_v to_o treat_v and_o resolve_n will_v not_o adventure_v for_o fear_v of_o the_o people_n to_o determine_v of_o a_o business_n on_o which_o the_o livelihood_n of_o fifty_o thousand_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o one_o single_a province_n do_v depend_v i_o tell_v the_o prince_n that_o howsâ—ëver_o his_o majesty_n both_o in_o honour_n of_o his_o crown_n and_o person_n and_o interest_n of_o his_o kingdom_n neither_o can_v nor_o will_v any_o long_o desist_v from_o have_v his_o right_n acknowledge_v by_o this_o state_n as_o well_o as_o by_o all_o other_o prince_n and_o commonweal_n especial_o find_v the_o same_o open_o oppugn_v both_o by_o their_o statesman_n and_o man_n of_o war_n as_o the_o writing_n of_o grotius_n and_o the_o take_n of_o john_n brown_n the_o last_o year_n may_v testify_v yet_o this_o acknowledgement_n of_o a_o right_n and_o a_o due_a be_v no_o exclusion_n of_o grace_n and_o favor_n and_o that_o the_o people_n of_o this_o country_n pay_v that_o small_a tribute_n upon_o every_o one_o of_o their_o buss_n which_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o dispute_v by_o any_o other_o nation_n whatsoëver_o such_o be_v his_o majesty_n be_v wellwishing_a to_o this_o state_n that_o i_o presume_v of_o his_o permission_n to_o suffer_v they_o to_o continue_v their_o course_n of_o fish_v which_o they_o may_v use_v thereby_o with_o more_o freedom_n and_o less_o apprehension_n of_o molestation_n and_o let_v than_o before_o and_o likewise_o spare_v the_o cost_n of_o some_o of_o their_o man_n of_o war_n which_o they_o yearly_o send_v out_o to_o maintain_v that_o by_o force_n which_o they_o may_v have_v of_o courtesy_n the_o prince_n answer_v that_o for_o himself_o at_o his_o return_n from_o utrecht_n he_o will_v do_v his_o best_a endeavour_n to_o procure_v his_o majesty_n contentment_n but_o he_o doubt_v the_o hollander_n will_v apprehend_v the_o same_o effect_n in_o their_o payment_n for_o fish_v as_o they_o find_v in_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o sound_n where_o at_o first_o a_o easy_a matter_n be_v demand_v by_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n but_o now_o more_o exact_v than_o they_o can_v possible_o bear_v and_o touch_v their_o man_n of_o war_n he_o say_v they_o must_v still_o be_v at_o the_o same_o charge_n with_o they_o because_o of_o the_o pirate_n withal_o he_o cast_v out_o a_o question_n to_o i_o whether_o this_o freedom_n of_o fish_v may_v not_o be_v redeem_v with_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o royalty_n more_o than_o of_o utility_n though_o prince_n be_v not_o
hundred_o thousand_o pound_n their_o fortification_n also_o both_o for_o number_n and_o strength_n upon_o which_o they_o have_v bestow_v infinite_a sum_n of_o money_n may_v compare_v with_o any_o other_o whatsoëver_o 5._o encreas_n of_o power_n abroad_o such_o be_v then_o the_o number_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o mariner_n and_o so_o great_a their_o trade_n occasion_v principal_o by_o their_o fish_n they_o have_v not_o only_o strengthen_v and_o fortifiee_v themselves_o at_o home_n to_o repel_v all_o foreign_a invasion_n as_o late_o in_o the_o war_n between_o they_o and_o spain_n but_o have_v likewise_o stretch_v their_o power_n into_o the_o east_n and_o west-indies_n in_o many_o place_n whereof_o they_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o seacoast_n and_o have_v likewise_o fortify_v upon_o the_o main_a where_o the_o king_n and_o people_n be_v at_o their_o devotion_n and_o more_o than_o this_o all_o neighbor-prince_n in_o their_o difference_n by_o reason_n of_o this_o their_o power_n at_o sea_n be_v glad_a to_o have_v they_o of_o their_o party_n so_o that_o next_o to_o the_o english_a they_o be_v now_o become_v the_o most_o re-doubted_n nation_n at_o sea_n of_o any_o other_o whatsoëver_o 6._o encreas_n of_o public_a revenue_n moreover_o how_o mighty_a the_o public_a revenue_n and_o custom_n of_o that_o state_n be_v increase_v by_o their_o fish_n may_v appear_v in_o that_o above_o thirty_o year_n since_o over_o and_o above_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o merchandise_n excise_n licence_n waftage_n and_o lastage_n there_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o state_n for_o custom_n of_o herring_n and_o other_o saltfish_n above_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n in_o one_o year_n beside_o the_o ten_o fish_n and_o cask_n pay_v for_o waftage_n which_o come_v at_o the_o least_o to_o as_o much_o more_o among_o the_o hollander_n only_o whereunto_o the_o ten_o of_o other_o nation_n be_v add_v it_o amount_v to_o a_o far_o great_a sum_n we_o be_v likewise_o to_o know_v that_o great_a part_n of_o their_o fish_n be_v sell_v in_o other_o country_n for_o ready_a money_n for_o which_o they_o common_o export_v of_o the_o fine_a gold_n and_o silver_n and_o come_v home_n recoin_v it_o of_o a_o base_a allay_n under_o their_o own_o stamp_n which_o be_v not_o a_o small_a mean_n to_o augment_v their_o public_a treasure_n 7._o encreas_n of_o private_a wealth_n as_o touch_v their_o private_a wealth_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o abundant_a store_n of_o herring_n and_o other_o fish_n by_o they_o take_v and_o the_o usual_a price_n that_o they_o be_v sell_v for_o as_o also_o the_o multitude_n of_o tradesman_n and_o artisan_n that_o by_o reason_n of_o this_o their_o fish_n be_v daily_a set_v on_o work_n we_o must_v needs_o conclude_v that_o the_o gain_n thereof_o make_v by_o private_a man_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v exceed_o great_a as_o by_o observe_v the_o particular_n follow_v will_v plain_o appear_v during_o the_o war_n between_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o the_o hollander_n before_o the_o last_o truce_n dunkirk_n by_o take_v spoil_v and_o burn_v the_o buss_n of_o holland_n and_o set_v great_a ransom_n upon_o their_o fisherman_n enforce_v they_o to_o compound_v for_o great_a sum_n that_o they_o may_v fish_v quiet_o for_o one_o year_n whereupon_o the_o next_o year_n after_o the_o fisherman_n agree_v among_o themselves_o to_o pay_v a_o dolor_n upon_o every_o last_o of_o herring_n towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o certain_a ship_n of_o war_n to_o waft_v and_o secure_v they_o in_o their_o fish_n by_o reason_n whereof_o there_o be_v a_o record_n keep_v of_o the_o several_a last_v of_o herring_n take_v that_o year_n and_o it_o appear_v thereby_o that_o in_o one_o half_a year_n there_o be_v take_v thirty_o thousand_o last_n of_o herring_n which_o at_o twelv_n pound_n per_fw-mi last_o amount_v to_o 3600000_o and_o at_o sixteen_o twenty_o thirty_o pound_n the_o last_o they_o be_v ordinary_o sell_v then_o transport_v into_o other_o country_n it_o come_v at_o least_o to_o 5000000_o l._n whereunto_o if_o we_o add_v the_o herring_n take_v by_o other_o nation_n together_o with_o the_o god_n ling_n hake_n and_o the_o fish_n take_v by_o the_o hollander_n and_o other_o our_o neighbour_n upon_o the_o british_a coast_n all_o the_o year_n long_o the_o total_a will_n evident_o arise_v to_o be_v above_o 10000000_o l._n the_o great_a trade_n of_o fish_v employ_v so_o many_o man_n and_o ship_n at_o sea_n must_v likewise_o necessary_o maintain_v as_o great_a a_o number_n of_o tradesman_n and_o artizen_n on_o land_n as_o spinner_n and_o hemp-winders_a to_o cable_n cordage_n yarn-twine_a for_o net_n and_o line_n weaver_n to_o make_v sail-cloath_n cecive_v packer_n toller_n dresser_n and_o cowcher_n to_o sort_n and_o make_v the_o herring_n lawful_a merchandise_n tanner_n to_o tan_o their_o sail_n and_o net_n cooper_n to_o make_v cask_n block_n and_o bowl-maker_n for_o ship_n keelman_n and_o laborer_n for_o carry_v and_o remove_v their_o fish_n sawyer_n for_o plank_n carpenter_n shipwrights_a smith_n carman_n boat-man_n brewer_n baker_n and_o a_o number_n of_o other_o whereof_o many_o be_v maim_v person_n and_o unfit_a to_o be_v otherwise_o employ_v beside_o the_o maintenance_n of_o all_o their_o several_a wife_n and_o child_n and_o family_n and_o further_o every_o man_n and_o maid-servant_n or_o orphan_n have_v any_o poor_a stock_n may_v venture_v the_o same_o in_o their_o fishing-voiages_a which_o afford'_v they_o ordinary_o great_a encrea_n and_o be_v due_o pay_v according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o their_o gain_n 8._o encreas_n of_o provision_n and_o to_o conclude_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o holland_n only_o afford_v in_o itself_o some_o few_o hop_n madder_n butter_n and_o cheese_n abound_v notwithstanding_o by_o reason_n of_o this_o art_n of_o fish_v in_o plentiful_a manner_n with_o all_o kind_n of_o provision_n as_o well_o for_o life_n as_o in_o corn_n beef_n mutton_n hide_n and_o clothes_n as_o for_o luxury_n in_o wine_n silk_n and_o spice_n and_o for_o defence_n as_o in_o pitch_n tar_n cordage_n timber_n all_o which_o they_o have_v not_o only_o in_o competent_a proportion_n for_o their_o use_n but_o be_v likewise_o able_a from_o their_o several_a magazine_n to_o supply_v their_o neighbor-country_n the_o premise_n consider_v it_o make_v much_o to_o the_o ignominy_n and_o shame_n of_o our_o english_a nation_n that_o god_n and_o nature_n offer_v we_o so_o great_a a_o treasure_n even_o at_o our_o own_o door_n we_o do_v notwithstanding_o neglect_v the_o benefit_n thereof_o and_o by_o pay_v money_n to_o stranger_n for_o the_o fish_n of_o our_o own_o sea_n impoverish_v our_o selus_fw-la to_o make_v they_o rich_a insomuch_o that_o for_o want_n of_o industry_n and_o care_n in_o this_o particular_a two_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o fisher-town_n be_v decay_v and_o reduce_v to_o extreme_a poverty_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a by_o diligent_a endevor_v to_o make_v use_n of_o so_o great_a a_o blessing_n we_o may_v in_o short_a time_n repair_v these_o decay_a town_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o add_v both_o honour_n strength_n and_o riches_n to_o our_o king_n and_o country_n which_o how_o easy_o it_o may_v be_v do_v will_v appear_v by_o some_o few_o observation_n follow_v by_o erect_v two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o buss_n of_o reasonable_a strength_n and_o bigness_n there_o will_v be_v employment_n make_v for_o a_o thousand_o ship_n and_o for_o at_o least_o ten_o thousand_o fisherman_n and_o mariner_n at_o sea_n and_o consequent_o for_o as_o many_o tradesman_n and_o laborer_n at_o land_n the_o herring_n take_v by_o the_o buss_n will_v afford_v his_o majesty_n two_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a custom_n outward_a and_o for_o commodity_n return_v inward_a thirty_o thousand_o pound_n and_o above_o we_o have_v timber_n sufficient_a and_o at_o reasonable_a rate_n grow_v in_o our_o own_o kingdom_n for_o the_o build_n of_o buss_n every_o shire_n afford_v hardy_a and_o able_a man_n fit_a for_o such_o employment_n who_o now_o live_v poor_o and_o idle_a at_o home_n we_o have_v victual_n in_o great_a plenty_n sell_v at_o easy_a rate_n without_o payment_n of_o excise_n or_o impost_n our_o shore_n and_o harbour_n be_v near_o the_o place_n where_o the_o fish_n do_v haunt_v for_o drink_v or_o net_n salt_v and_o pack_v our_o fish_n and_o for_o succour_v in_o stress_n of_o weather_n we_o may_v bring_v our_o fish_n to_o land_n salt_n and_o pack_v it_o and_o from_o some_o part_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v dominion_n be_v at_o our_o market_n in_o france_n spain_n or_o italy_n before_o the_o hollander_n can_v arrive_v in_o holland_n we_o have_v mean_n to_o transport_v our_o fish_n into_o some_o northern_a country_n where_o the_o hollander_n seldom_o or_o never_o come_v and_o though_o we_o have_v as_o many_o buss_n as_o the_o hollander_n yet_o be_v there_o vent_v for_o all_o or_o more_o for_o in_o the_o east_n and_o northern_a country_n and_o in_o many_o other_o
place_n herring_n be_v every_o day_n meat_n winter_n and_o summer_n as_o well_o to_o draw_v on_o drink_n as_o to_o satisfy_v hunger_n and_o in_o most_o place_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o year_n they_o be_v scarce_o to_o be_v have_v for_o present_o after_o michaëlmas_n the_o sound_n and_o rivers_n be_v freeze_v up_o so_o as_o no_o herring_n can_v be_v transport_v into_o twenty_o several_a kingdom_n and_o free_a state_n until_o july_n which_o be_v for_o thirty_o week_n space_n together_o so_o that_o when_o lent_n come_v there_o be_v few_o to_o be_v buy_v for_o money_n last_o since_o by_o care_n and_o industry_n we_o gain_v from_o the_o fleming_n doubtless_o so_o by_o the_o mean_v we_o may_v as_o easy_o grow_v expert_a in_o the_o art_n of_o fish_v and_o in_o time_n make_v it_o a_o staple_n commodity_n of_o our_o own_o but_o this_o we_o shall_v the_o better_o and_o soon_o do_v if_o we_o consider_v and_o endeavour_v to_o reform_v certain_a want_n and_o abuse_n which_o hitherto_o have_v hinder_v we_o from_o effect_v that_o good_a and_o great_a work_n whereof_o these_o that_o follow_v be_v none_o of_o the_o least_o 1._o general_n liberty_n of_o eat_a flesh_n contrary_n to_o old_a custom_n and_o the_o statute-law_n provide_v for_o observe_v fish-day_n from_o whence_o our_o scarcity_n and_o dearth_n of_o fish_n proceed_v for_o where_o flesh_n be_v ordinary_o spend_v fish_n will_v not_o be_v buy_v and_o want_v of_o sale_n decay_v all_o trade_n gain_v be_v the_o nurse_n of_o industry_n 2._o want_v of_o order_n and_o discretion_n in_o our_o fish_n every_o man_n be_v leave_v to_o himself_o and_o permit_v to_o fish_n as_o best_o like_v he_o whereas_o among_o the_o hollander_n two_o of_o the_o best_a experience_a fisherman_n be_v appoint_v to_o guide_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o fleet_n all_o other_o be_v bind_v to_o follow_v they_o and_o to_o cast_v their_o line_n according_a to_o their_o direction_n 3._o the_o hollander_n and_o other_o nation_n set_v forth_o with_o their_o buss_n in_o june_n to_o find_v the_o shoal_n of_o fish_n and_o have_v find_v it_o dwell_v among_o it_o till_o november_n whereas_o we_o stay_v till_o the_o herring_n come_v home_o to_o our_o rode-stead_n and_o sometime_o suffer_v they_o to_o pass_v by_o ere_o we_o look_v out_o our_o herring-fishing_a contain_v only_o seven_o week_n at_o the_o most_o and_o there_o be_v twenty_o 4._o the_o hollander_n buss_n be_v great_a and_o strong_a and_o able_a to_o brook_v foul_a weather_n whereas_o our_o cobles_n crayer_n and_o boat_n be_v small_a and_o thin_a side_v be_v easy_o swallow_v by_o a_o rough_a sea_n not_o dare_v to_o adventure_v far_o in_o fair_a weather_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o weakness_n for_o fear_n of_o storm_n 5._o the_o hollander_n be_v industrious_a and_o no_o soon_o be_v discharge_v of_o their_o lade_n but_o present_o put_v forth_o for_o more_o and_o seek_v for_o market_n abroad_o as_o well_o as_o at_o home_n whereas_o our_o english_a after_o they_o have_v be_v once_o at_o sea_n do_v common_o never_o return_v again_o until_o all_o the_o money_n take_v for_o their_o fish_n be_v spend_v and_o they_o in_o debt_n seek_v only_o to_o serve_v the_o next_o market_n 6._o the_o hollander_n have_v certain_a merchant_n who_o during_o the_o herring-season_n do_v only_o come_v to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o buss_n arrive_v and_o join_v together_o in_o several_a company_n do_v present_o agree_v for_o the_o lade_n of_o thirty_o or_o forty_o buss_n at_o once_o and_o so_o be_v discharge_v they_o may_v speedy_o return_v to_o their_o former_a ship_n whereas_o our_o fisherman_n be_v uncertain_a of_o their_o chapman_n and_o force_v to_o spend_v much_o time_n in_o put_v off_o their_o fish_n by_o parcel_n these_o and_o other_o defect_n will_v careful_o be_v take_v into_o consideration_n and_o certain_a order_n make_v to_o make_v our_o fish_n prosperous_a and_o successful_a especial_o consider_v the_o fearful_a mischief_n the_o neglect_n hereof_o have_v bring_v to_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n in_o general_n and_o to_o many_o good_a town_n and_o corporation_n in_o particular_a as_o by_o authority_n even_o of_o parliament_n itself_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o 33_o hen._n the_o eight_o be_v plain_o testify_v which_o i_o have_v summary_o here_o set_v down_o to_o avoid_v the_o prolixity_n of_o the_o original_n because_o the_o english_a fisherman_n dwell_v on_o the_o seacoast_n do_v leave_v off_o their_o trade_n of_o fish_v in_o our_o sea_n and_o go_v the_o half-sea_n over_o and_o there_o upon_o the_o sea_n do_v buy_v fish_n of_o pickard_n fleming_n norman_n and_o zelander_n by_o reason_n whereof_o many_o incommodity_n do_v grow_v to_o the_o realm_n viz._n the_o decay_n of_o the_o wealth_n and_o prosperity_n as_o well_o of_o the_o cinque-port_n and_o member_n of_o the_o same_o as_o of_o other_o coast-town_n by_o the_o seaside_n which_o be_v build_v and_o inhabit_v by_o great_a multitude_n of_o people_n by_o reason_n of_o use_v and_o exercise_v the_o craft_n and_o feat_n of_o fish_v second_o the_o decay_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o boat_n and_o ship_n and_o three_o the_o decay_n of_o many_o good_a mariner_n both_o able_a in_o body_n by_o their_o diligence_n labour_n and_o continual_a exercise_n of_o fish_v and_o expert_a by_o reason_n thereof_o in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o seacoast_n as_o well_o within_o this_o realm_n as_o in_o other_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v therefore_o enact_v that_o no_o manner_n of_o person_n english_a denizen_n or_o stranger_n at_o that_o time_n or_o any_o time_n after_o dwell_v in_o england_n shall_v buy_v any_o fish_n of_o any_o stranger_n in_o the_o say_a port_n of_o flanders_n zealand_n picardy_n france_n or_o upon_o the_o sea_n between_o shore_n and_o shore_n etc._n etc._n this_o act_n by_o many_o continuance_n be_v continue_v from_o parliament_n to_o parliament_n until_o the_o first_o of_o queen_n marie_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o next_o parliament_n and_o then_o expire_v for_o conclusion_n see_v by_o that_o which_o have_v former_o be_v declare_v it_o evident_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o immemorable_a prescription_n continual_a usage_n and_o possession_n the_o acknowledgement_n of_o all_o our_o neighbor-state_n and_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v ever_o hold_v the_o sovereign_a lordship_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o that_o unto_o his_o majesty_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o sovereignty_n the_o supreme_a command_n and_o jurisdiction_n over_o the_o passage_n and_o fish_v in_o the_o same_o rightful_o appertain_v consider_v also_o the_o natural_a site_n of_o those_o our_o sea_n that_o interpose_v themselves_o between_o the_o great_a northern_a commerce_n of_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o that_o of_o the_o east_n west_n and_o southern_a climate_n and_o withal_o the_o infinite_a commodity_n that_o by_o fish_v in_o the_o same_o be_v daily_o make_v it_o can_v be_v doubt_v but_o his_o majesty_n by_o mean_n of_o his_o own_o excellent_a wisdom_n and_o virtue_n and_o by_o the_o industry_n of_o his_o faithful_a subject_n and_o people_n may_v easy_o without_o injustice_n to_o any_o prince_n or_o person_n whatsoever_o be_v make_v the_o great_a monarch_n for_o command_n and_o wealth_n and_o his_o people_n the_o most_o opulent_a and_o flourish_a nation_n of_o any_o other_o in_o the_o world_n and_o this_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o his_o majesty_n be_v now_o absolute_a commander_n of_o the_o british_a isle_n and_o have_v also_o enlarge_v his_o dominion_n over_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o western_a indies_n by_o mean_n of_o which_o extent_n of_o empire_n cross_v in_o a_o manner_n the_o whole_a ocean_n the_o trade_n and_o person_n of_o all_o nation_n remove_v from_o one_o part_n of_o the_o world_n to_o the_o other_o must_v of_o necessity_n first_o or_o last_o come_v within_o compass_n of_o his_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n and_o therefore_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o our_o sea_n be_v the_o most_o precious_a jewel_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v crown_n and_o next_o under_o god_n the_o principal_a mean_n of_o our_o wealth_n and_o safety_n all_o true_a english_a heart_n and_o hand_n be_v bind_v by_o all_o possible_a mean_n and_o diligence_n to_o preserv_v and_o maintain_v the_o same_o even_o with_o the_o uttermost_a hazard_n of_o their_o life_n their_o good_n and_o fortune_n thus_o you_o see_v what_o wondrous_a advantage_n may_v redound_v to_o the_o felicity_n and_o glory_n of_o this_o nation_n if_o god_n give_v heart_n and_o resolution_n to_o vindicate_v those_o right_n which_o be_v now_o most_o impious_o and_o injurious_o invade_v and_o so_o much_o for_o what_o concern_v england_n now_o that_o i_o may_v reflect_v a_o little_a upon_o the_o point_n of_o sea-dominion_n in_o general_n to_o show_v how_o far_o it_o have_v be_v assert_v and_o maintain_v by_o