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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
kingdom_n	call_v	day_n	great_a	2,786	5	3.0282	3	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A03066	Some yeares travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique Describing especially the two famous empires, the Persian, and the great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times as also, many rich and spatious kingdomes in the orientall India, and other parts of Asia; together with the adjacent iles. Severally relating the religion, language, qualities, customes, habit, descent, fashions, and other observations touching them. With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the author.; Relation of some yeares travaile	Herbert, Thomas, Sir, 1606-1682.; Marshall, William, fl. 1617-1650, engraver.	1638 (1638)	STC 13191; ESTC S119691	376,722	394

of his religion and makes him heire to all his offrings Many deformed Pagatho's are here worsshipped they say they adore not the Idolls but the Deumos they represent and who sometimes enter and Oraculize the Chappel where the grand Caco-Deumo sits is uncovered and about three yards high the wooden entrance is ingraven with infernall shapes within their beloved Priapus is imperiously inthroniz'd upon a brazen Mount they advance his head with a resplendent Dyadem from whence issue foure great Rams hornes denotating some especiall mysterie his eyes squint his mouth opens like a Port-cullice and from thence branch foure monstrous tusks his nose is flat his beard like the Sunnes rayes of an affrighting aspect his hands are like the clawes of a Vulture his thighes and legs strong and hayrie his feet and taile resemble a Monkeys which put together renders the devill wickedly deformed and the idolaters beyond all measure grosse Demonomists Other Temples have other Pagods ugly all yet all differ in invention some of them are painted or smeered black others red some bright others devouring soules hell fictitiously tormenting white ones These Gods of theirs are of the old stamp they seeme to threaten and to take notice of mens offrings but what They cannot doe their Baalyms effectuate Each morne the Priest a Jogue perfumes and washes them it seemes the Devill ever pollutes and leaves a base smell behind him he departs not without a benediction humbly he prostrates his corps and has it granted him Every new Moone they solemnly sacrifice a live Cock as a Symbol of lust and courage in themselves predominating the Priest is pontifically attyred in pure fine Lawne arm'd with a sharp long silver knife his armes and leggs garnisht after the Morisco mode with bells round silver plates and other jangling trifles after he has bravely sacrific'd the yeelding Cock he fills his hands with Ryce goes retrograde not daring to looke on any other object save his Idoll till being come neere an Acherontique lake he then turnes there embowells his offring advancing his hands some set times above his head and so returnes crown'd with applause and blessed in other mens opinions The Samoryn eats not till it be first offred and so acknowledges his food sent him from the Deumo i. e. by the devills permission what he leaves is not for the poore the Crowes expect it good reason too They think them the Devils serviteurs The people to this day retaine some commendable customes amongst 'em they commonly exchange their Wives one for anothers nor seeme the women angry at it Poligamy is sufferable but in this they differ from other libidinous Law-givers as the men have many wives so one woman may here have many husbands the issue is bequeathed as she nominates COVVLAM is a Towne and Province call'd Sopatpa in Arrhyan in 9 degrees North and included in the Travanzorian Kingdome Once it obeyed the Narsingan Monarch once the Mallabar at this day neither 200 yeares agoe the Towne was rich and great and populous traded to by many Indyans augmented by the Samoryn and able to number a hundred thousand inhabitants of such value was the scituation for trade security for anchorage and fidelity of the Coolamites But now whither her glasse is runne the period of her excellence out-runne or that Callicut first and then Goa have attracted her custome and resort I cannot say this I may at this day shee is vailed with a sable habit desolate and disconsolate shee contemplates the mutability of Times and other's disasters and then comparing them with her owne sees they conclude in a like Center And albeit I have in many places memoriz'd the Bannyans here also I may name them where they swarme in multitudes and suck in the sweetnesse of gaine by an immeasurrble thirst and industry but Sic vos non vobis it is ravisht from them by Drones the lawlesse Moores and Gentiles who Lord it over them Alas the Bannyan is no swaggerer no royster he hates domineering and fighting yea will suffer himselfe to be fleec't by any man rather than shed blood by any unhappy contention they love no tumult no innovation but wish that all men were of their mind that is to say courteous in behaviour temperate in passion moderate in apparell abstemious in dyet humble mercifull and so innocent as not to undoe the silliest vermin doubting that if they should destroy any living thing thereby they might dispossesse their parents or deare friends of a peacefull Mansion but by eating such may peradventure devoure the soules of such as once were dearest to them Ovids conceit is partly for them inque ferinas Possumus ire domos Pecudumque in corpora condi Corpora quae possunt animas habuisse Parentûm Aut Fratrûm aut autaliquo junctorûm faedere nobis Aut hominûm certe Le ts home and in bruit Beasts our bodies hide Where happily our Parents may abide Our Brothers or some by Allyance tide One man or other sure And in as many places are Christians or relicts of that holy profession for no doubt the Apostles propagated the glad tidings of salvation to all Nations prophesied by the Prophet David Psalme 19. Their sound is gone into all lands and their words into the ends of the world Mantuan also celebrates it in these verses Sicutaquis quondam Noë sua misit in orbem Pignora sedatis ut Gens humana per omnes Debita caelituum Patri daret orgy a terras Sic sua cum vellet Deus alta in regna reverti Discipulos quosdam transmisit ad ultima mundi Littora docturos Gentes quo Numina ritu Sint oranda quibus Coelum placabile sacris As when the Flood ore-spred old carefull Noe His sons disperst throughout the world to showe The Law of God and sacred rites to pay So when our Saviour would no longer stay On earth a mission of his Schollers he To th' utmost bounds of th' earth with Charter free Doth make to instruct the world both how to pray And to appease Gods wrath with sacred Lay. In both Asiaes the Gospell was throughly preached but now the subtlety of Satan and that carnall law of Mahomet have infected these soule-sick Nations for all which Christ has his flock there which though at this time scattered yet in due time shall be gathered and made one blessed company In Persia are many thousand Christians in India a no lesse multitude compared indeed to other Idolaters but a hand-full yet that does not discourage them 't is better go to heaven alone than to hell with an innumerable multitude Arnobius of old times could say Nationibus cunctis nos sumus Christiani In many marittim Townes of India that name is honoured In Meliapore Narsinga Coolan Gucurran Curigan Bipur Tanor Battacala Onor Cranganor Goa and other places are Christians yea in many Indian Iles some are numbered among Mahomitans they have freedome of conscience from that Azoara in the Alcoran That none are to be diswaded

blush not to proffer their Daughters or Neeces to be their bed-fellowes yea to concomitate them at bed and board during his stay the price for such a favour not equalling so high a complement but that were it lesse too much in my opinion for such Pandars and base prostitutes At the end of the prefixed time the woman returnes home well pleas'd so far from shame or losse that they rather accompt her honoured and fit for preferment But 't is dangerous to be wanton elsewhere jealousie on either side inflaming into rage which seldome dyes without one or anothers destruction I cannot but cry out upon them and adjudge them in the civil sorrow of one of their Religion but more temperance who could sigh out at sight of such absurdities Oh miserum cui peccare liceat Adultery they punish rigidly Fornication is more tollerable The young women are carelesly frolick and fearelesly merry the married melancholy and strictly observed idlenesse and heat provokes them to inchastity The men are also effeminate yea wallow in all kind of turpitude and sensuality their females are often in their sight the grape commoves them to wickednesse they delight their gust and pallat with choysest wines waters Rack Ryce and fruits both succulent and restorative and which make Venus predominate but by this their intemperance they abreviate their dayes few exceeding sixty yeeres an old age if you contemplate their lust Deaths best harbinger and the Zone they sweat in bad both both intemperate Of Siam SIAM calld Sobanna formerly a Citie and Kingdome so denominated declining North from the Aequinoctiall 14 deg is famous for power wealth and many sorts of excellencies a great part of Pegu Braama and Cambogia are tributary to him Patania also Iamohay Odjea and many other Territories watered by Ganges acknowledge him his power is great usually warring with 1000 Elephants and 200000 men The Zone is hot the men black and in such torrid places little cloathing is required a Cambolin of pure lawn of a sad colour trebled on and about their naked shoulders some tye a leather skin about their neck and as a badge of devotion gird their middles with a leathern thong and hold a Sumbrero or Umbrella in their hands to lenefie the flaming Sun but weare no Sandals that the scorching sands may so mortifie that the Tallapoi may be thought a wonder They are transcendent Idolaters carving Gods to worship after the shapes of Pan Priapus and other gotish fancies yea and in postures not to bee remembred they have Groves and Altars also whereon they offer flesh fruits flowers and many times when the Tallapoi tells them the Devill is melancholy they warble out harmonious musick and do what they can to make him merry others so sonne as Aurora shewes her golden Trammell runne to their Pagods with a basket of Ryce to be his breakfast hoping there by to prosper that day the happier The Tallapoi preach every Monday in the Market and assemble their auditory by a copper Bason But though they seeme Fryer-mendicants by profession yet what by awe for the very infernall spirits obey their in cantations and what by pollicie for they contemplate humilitie externally much the people have them in singular estimation Nor is it diminisht but agrandiz'd exceedingly by their prediction of future events and mervailous knowledge in things past and present by Magique and Morall observation resolving diswading applauding directing and pleasing all that come unto them as to Oracles from such enthusiastic Notions as Satan prompts them with in a word being Of Gods Interpreters of Phoebus layes The three legd charming Stoole the Claryan Bayes Planets Birds Language and all old assayes Interpres Divûm Qui Numina Phoebi Qui tripodas Clarii lauros quisydera sentis Et Volncrûm Linguas praepetis omnia pennae They have beene in foregoing times wicked Sodomites a sinne so hatefull to nature it selfe that it abhorres it and to deterre these catamits a late Queen rectrix commanded that all male children should have a Bell of gold in it an Adders tongue dried put though the prepuce which in small time not only became not contemptible but in way of ornament and for musick sake few now are without three or foure so that when they have a mind to marry he has his choice of what maid he likes but beds her not till the Midwife present a sleepie ophiated potion during which the Bell is loosed from the flesh and fastned to the fore-skin which hinders not but titulates the unguent is applied and the cure is perfected But to see a Virgin here at virgins yeeres is as a black Swan in regard in green yeers they give the too forward maids a virulent drink whose vertue vyce rather is by a strange efficacy to distend their muliebria so capaciously that Bels and rope ring too too easily and which is worst dull memory compels us write it the women here are not ashamed the better to allure men from sodomitry to go naked to the middle where with a fine trāsparent cobweb-lawn they are so covered that by a base device t is made to open as they go so that any impure ayre gives all to mens immodest viewes denudating those parts which every modest eye most scornes each honest thought most hates to see and think upon The Boyes paint themselves with a celestiall colour from top to toe and as an augmentation of beauty cut gash and pinck their naked skins which in mine contrarying their opinion rather breeds horror than affectation in any Traveller the men affect perfumes and practize complement The soyle is but indifferent for grasse or natures Tapisrtry but in rich stones as Dyamonds Chrysolites Onix stones Magnets Bezarrs lignum Aloes Benjamin Cotton and Mynes of Gold Silver Iron Copper and the like most uberous and made more by Silverplentifull brought from man Iapan and victualls and commodities from other parts and bought here cheaper than in any other places but most memorable in the Cabriz or blood-stone he generated the mervailous vertue being such as Osorius tells us That such time the Portuguizes warred against the bold Sumatrans they descried a Junck or Ship at Sea they made to it and were resisted boording it by Nahodabeg Captaine their inveterate adversary but after long and cruell fight they entred among the naked Indyans slew such as resisted them and amongst them Nahodabeg who to their amazement bled not albeit they had hackt him in forty places they thought it magicall till having taken from his Arme a bracelet of gold wherein set the Cabriz stone they found the reason for that was no sooner removed but that his blood issued abundantly from each wound hee had about him doubtlesse it is a most pretious stone and had it power to expell death also it were more than admirable Of Pegu. PEGU is also a renowned Kingdome of the Orientall Indya Lestarum regio in old writers confined by Syam Ganges and the Ocean a Monarchy

of Eber sonne of Sem travelled but that in Susiana or Chusiana where Havilah sonne of Chus sonne of Cham son of Noah planted his Colony before he descended into Aethiopia or Afrique Or if that will not content we may distend it to make Mount Taurus a wall unto it East and North and that Euphrates Tygris Araxes or Gozan if you please and Indus watered it a sufficient extendure and in the adolescencie of the world fruitfull and delicious The Author's sicknesse I cannot choose a better place to seat your patience than here to make my selfe your object After the death of some noble Gentlemen my course came next though not to die yet to put my feet into the grave Whether I had got cold on Taurus by sucking in the refrigerating ayre denudating my heating body or that I play'd the Epicure too largely on delicate fruits or that diversity of Meridians or so long quaffing variety of waters I know not some or all of these by Gods divine appointment overcame me and forced me into such a violent diffentery that in twelve dayes I had a thousand bloudy stooles and for forty dayes longer time was ore-charg'd with such cruelty that some can witnesse I dare say never poore man was more enfeebled I wanted not the help of the Kings best Physitians they did mee little good I tooke what they prescribed dry Rice Pomgranad pills Barberries Sloes in broth and a hundred other things and gave them what so ere they craved so that it was hard to judge whether my spirits or gold decayed faster In this excreame misery I was forced to travell 300 miles hanging upon a Camel Morod that great Aesculapius seeing I would rather die than part with any more mony for whē it was gone I knew not where to borrow Merchants were strangers to mee and I had above sixteene thousand miles home to goe round Afrique hee limited my life to but five dayes existence but he that sits on high and accounts all humane knowledge meere folly in foure twenty houres after miraculously prov'd this famous Oraculizer a compleat lyer I had then attending mee an Armenian call'd Magar and a Hecate of Tartary to whom I daily gave for salary eight peace many Succuby's shee implored fore against my will but finding they had no power to bewitch me whether to accilerate Morods sentence or whether to possesse my linnen and apparell of which I had good plenty I know not but she resolv'd to poyson me For knowing wine was strictly forbidden me shee presents me in an Agony of thirst a Violl full of old strong intoxicating wine which relisht curiously and I powred downe without wit or measure but as it had beene so much ophium it quickly banisht my vitall sences and put mee for foure and twenty houres into a deadly trance and in that time had not a friend resisted I had beene buried But by Gods great mercie this desperate Potion recovered me For after I had disgorg'd abundantly I fell into a sound sleepe not having done so a moneth formerly the people admiring such a recovery so that by benefit of that little rest and binding quality of the wine I grew every day better and stronger but my desperate Doctresse whiles my other servant wept over mee like an old Hagg opened my Truncks and robd me of all my linnen and some moneys I would not pursue her for then she had died for it I will therfore say with David 71 Psal O! what troubles and adversities hast thou shewed me and yet didst thou turne and refresh mee yea and broughtest me from the deeps of the earth againe Observations concerning the Persian Empire HItherto wee have beene practicall let mee now draw your eyes to theorize in generall the severall properties and fashions of this great Empire whose Monarchs have from the Infancie of Time either swayd the Scepter of the world or adorn'd their browes with a Dyadem of braver lustre than any other Kings of Asia and first speake wee by what severall Nomenclations Persia has beene call'd than which no other Kingdome in the Universe has beene more variable In Nymrods dayes that Monster of the world 't was called Chusa Severall names of Pesia from Chus sonne of Cham sonne of Noah who removed his Colony thence into Arabia and after into Aethyopia or Africk In Chedorlaomars reigne contemporary with Abraham it was named Elam from Elam sonne of Sem sonne of Noah and brother if prophane Authors say true to Madai or Atlas Maurus sonnes of Iaphet sonne of Noah From him the people were called Elamitae and Elamae names much used amongst the Antients The next it varied to is Persia whether from Perseus Ioves sonne by Danae daughter to Acrisius or from analogie with the Chaldee tongue implying a horses hoofe a hooked nose or a division I will not argue But the Greeks not content with any of them intitled it Panchaya and Cephoēne in memory of their Countryman Cepheus after King of part of Aethiope brother of Cadmus Agenor's famous children This same Cepheus was father of Andromeda wife to Perseus parents of Perses the renowned Archer living in the world before the building of Rome twelve hundred and seventy yeares Gog and Magog some have also named her and Magusaea too but from whence arising needs no interpreter Such time as Achemaenes son to Aegeus King of Athens ruled it got an Achemaenian denomination as Lucan Herodotus Suidas Cedrenus and others have it after which race it was new named Arsaca from Arsaces the Heroick Parthian not long after the Incarnation Artea after that by the Inhabitants importing a noble Country and from whence many brave Princes assumed names as Artaxerxes Artabanus Artaphernes Artaspes c. The Tartars in their over-running a great part of Asia nam'd it Chorsoria as Solynus notes The Arabians Anno Dom. 598 such time as Mahomet grew notorious call'd it Saracaenia in memory of their descent and doctrine Azaemia some call it by the Turks in envie to Siet Gunet and his decadence from the Alcorannish Doctors Etnizaria and Agamia since when they have added those of Chuba Shaw-Izmaelia Saic-Aideria Curasaeniae and some such as proceeding from particular malice are unworthy our taking notice of or to be inserted in the roll of memory Let mee now give you the effigies of her present standing which if I faile to pourtray exactly I will willingly incur some blame so you will copy it in a better posture The derivative and severall names of Persia I have already drawne the Provinces at this day obeying that famous Diadem and how called I shall first essay her bulk next and then her fashions Thus rancked Persia Parthia Medya Hyrcania Bactria Sogdiana Evergeta Aria Drangiana Margiana Paropamisa Carmania Gedrosia Susiana Arabia Caldaea Meso-potamia Armenia Iberia and Mengrellia twenty noble Kingdomes of old at this day under the stroke of the Persian Scepter are thus new named Parse Provinces of Persia how now named Arac Shervan

cloudy and his motion whirles into a malignant Orbe by the disconsolate Newes hee receives from Brampore of his beloved sonnes death His eyes grow dim his heart turnes leady and all conceits of pleasure relish unsavourie when the departure of Perwees objects it selfe and those hopes and comforts he had in him seeme fantasticall Goushroo and Sha Daniel are dead Perwees is now no more Sha Ethimore and Hussen his grand children made Christians Bullochy is a child Sheriare a foole and Curroon the very eye-sore of his conceptions a rebell wilde proud greedy treacherous and deceitfull himselfe was old and at his death the Empire subject to innovation or domestick consumption in these and such like dolorous cogitations Iangheer spends the weary minutes of his life till death ultima poena as they call it summons him in few moneths after to the resignation of his life and Empire Whiles Maehobet Chawn chawes the afflicting newes also of Prince Perwees his death 'Twixt whom forgetting Gangannas trechery was most exact friendship and sympathie He sees in him the privation of all his joyes the hopes he had in his suceession annihilated and the ambition of Normall and Assaph Cawn suspected to have poysoned him ingendring to a monstrous height so that bidding farewell to the world and all other society and imployments he contracts himselfe to privacie and solitude Mahobet-cawn turnes Eremite feeding upon contemplation of what had past and the lubricity of terrestriall pleasures vaine-glory and other vanities he forsakes his strong and delightfull Castle Rantampore and through Zialor comes to Radgee Zirmol and under licence fixes at Zirmol where hee anchorites But Curroones ayre swells with Chymaeraes now more than ever affecting the Empire none but children interposing him hee knew his Fathers affection was easily recovered and Assaph Kawn his restlesse projector carefull to state him in the chaire of Majesty so that arm'd with confidence and accompanied with forty Elephants and fifteene hundred horsemen he leaves Baker Chytor Tutta and through Tesel Chobager and Ecclisser comes to Masser Thormet in Decan where Melec receives him with all joy and adds to his troopes foure thousand horse with promise of forty thousand more to assist him upon any good occasion CHYTOR in mid-way 'twixt Brampore and Adsmeer is yet a Citie justly clayming precedencie for antiquity amongst all the Cities of Indya It was formerly called Taxila and that Metropolis whence King Porus issued against great Alexander Ranna Radgee Mardoot lineally descended from him of late yeeres and till by intreaty of Sultan Curroon Anno 1614. he came to Agra and in slight sort did some obeysance here soveraignizing and in Oodipore The Citie is at this day but meanly beautifull three miles in compasse not a third part of what was formerly Time and war have furrow'd her not onely disroabing her of her bravery in buildings where men inhabited but in huge Temples of Idolatry the ruines of above a hundred once lofty in fastidious Turrets to this day remaining of stone strong good white and well polisht rare and observable now inhabited by Storks Owles Batts and like birds of whom the superstitious people have no small esteeme and veneration the North pole is elevated in that place twenty five degrees This Province is bounded by Cambaya on the South by Chandys on the North by Berar East and on the West the Ocean returne we to our History Ganganna Gannaoa dies selfe conceited by his late honour and imployment against Mahobet-cawn whom hee verily thought had left the society of men for feare of him resolves to ferret him but in the mid'st of his bravadoes and hopes is arrested by grim death and his carkasse conveighed to Delly to be intombed amongst his great Ancestors At that time Iacont-cawn an Umbrave of great wealth honour and experience commanding eight thousand horse to serve Curroon by many affronts without cause put upon him by Mirzaladin Melecks sonne is inflamed with rage and flies to Chan Iehan Generall of Prince Perwee's Army at Brampore who receives him with joy and by his exaspiration with foure hundred Elephants and forty thousand horse make haste to Bellagate the widdow and child of Sultan Perwees being committed to the care of Lescarcawn where they use all extremities of warre spoyling burning and captiviting all they had a minde to and by rare chance Abdul cawn disgrac't intercepting some letters from Godgee Hessary they discover Abdul-cawn whom some call Abdulla-cawn the weathercock of those times his intent to turne from the Kings party and retvtue to Curroon hee is convicted his estate confiscate his honour reverst himselfe manacled cald the darling of inconstancy and upon an Elephant in disgracefull sort from the Army sent to Brampore where by Lascar-cawn hee is imprisoned This done they enter Decan with all speed and pierce most fortunatly into the mid'st of Melecks Kingdome doing what they pleased without opposition so that after six weekes hostility they returne loaden with abundance of wealth and over-joyed with their easie victory But when they thought themselves most sure Melec presents himselfe in an advantagious place with eighty thousand men incircling them on the one side the stupendious hills on the other so that surrounded with amazement and clad with black ragges of discontent they incamp not daring to hazard the fight or by stratagem break out to hazard their deliverance but in that miserable sort are lockt up the Decan at on time offending them till by famine finding no pleasure in their riches where no meat on sure tearmes was to bee purchased they were constrained to parle and submit assured only of their lives stript out of all their wealth and bravery returning with more shame than they had honour formerly Iangheer the great Mogull has advertisement of this variable successe but knowes not how to alter it nor cares hee much the death of Perwees so possesses him yet Normall ceases not to pursue her revenge against Mahobet and finding him so hard to be dealt withall begins will Channa-zeid-cawn his valiant sonne whom sheere calls home and places Mocrib-cawn in his command over five thousand horse and twelve thousand men but he had small joy of his greatnes for in lesse than three weekes being there by accident sailing over Ganges the boat is over-turned he drowned and Fedi-cawn is made Viceroy of Bengala and Malacca after him during which Iangheer being at Lahore an Ambassador Ziet Borka by name arrives with presents and commends from the King of Maurenahar or Manauwer accompanied with the only Oracle and wonder of his time Hodgee-Abdulradgee brother to Chojea Callaun admired by all and resorted to by many sorts of Tartars from Bochar Tuza Balck Samerchand Gaznahen and other parts none of which came empty-handed so that in small time this Monck was comparable in riches with most Potentates of Asia Hee is brought into Lahore with incredible joy and admiration all the Umbraves of the Court Assaph-cawn excepted attending him

Obigarmy both of them houses of the Kings who has at every twelve miles end a severall Lodge betwixt Spawhawn and the Caspian Sea like these and wherein our Ambassadour had the honour to repose And now we are past the danger let me tell it you Most part of the last night wee crost a miserable inhospitable sandie Desart ten long miles broad in length a hundred where we beheld mountaines of loose sand accumulated by the winds fury in such heaps as upon any great wind the tract is lost and passengers too oft involv'd and stifled by that impetuous mercilesse Tyrant yea Camels Horses Mules or other beasts though strong swift and steady perish without mercy Albeit the King to do as much as may be for prevention has rais'd at every 3 miles end a Castle but by the unstable foundation is in March September in despight of their best props yeerely peece-meale torne asunder without any remaines of their late standing This our last nights travell was thirty miles Next night wee rode one and twenty miles to Suffedaw an old rotten weather-beaten Inn or Carravans-raw and placed in part of an unsociable Desart Our next nights lodging was at Syacow ten farsangs or parassangs as Pliny calls them thirty miles English notable in her Carravans-raw built from the ground of good free stone white and polisht and was the first building of that materiall I saw in eight hundred miles riding a word of our last nights journey The most part of the night we rode upon a causey broad enough for ten horse abreast built by incredible labour and expence over a most dreadfull Desart eeven and affoording a plaine Horizon of boggy loose ground cover'd a top a yards depth with pure salt as white as snow a miserable passage for if either the wind force the salt abroad like dust or that by any accident Horse or Camell mistake the way the quaggy bogg upholds them not but suffers them to sinck past all recoverie a passage more feared from some forlorne hopes that pillage passengers God be blest wee escaped this but not another little lesse formidable for wee had no sooner past the salt Desart but of necessity wee must climb over and about hills so high and glomerating as if Olympus had beene cut out into Dedalian labyrinths From Syacow wee rode next night 22 miles most part was over other salt vast Desarts wherein thousands have perished and would yet did not a like large deepe grounded causey secure the passage And here we pitcht our Tents old god Terminus in this place limitting Parthya from further branching North from whose high tops looke wee back and memorize her that was once Mistresse of Asya and formidable to the Roman Emperours In the Scythick tongue shee meanes a stranger as Iustin in his twelfth book given by the rude Tartar as to us the name Welch by the barbarous Saxon. The Parthyan Diadem was once garnisht with two and twenty Kingdomes encircling most part of Asya From which lustre shee fell but after long eclipse by vertue of the Sophyan stemme has recover'd a great part of her former bravery T is now call'd Hyerac sirnam'd Agemy to distinguish it from that including Babylon Her old Shires were Rhagaea Apamea Tapira Choama Araciana Semina and Mizia her mountaines Orontes Abicoronii Mardoranii and Parchoatri not eight hundred miles in circuit hilly and barren yet breeding men both wise and valiant Next night Diana running cheerfully through her Zodiac wee rode eighteene long miles to Gezz a pretty Lodge belonging to the King the greater part of this nights journey was through the bottoms of transected Taurus whose stupendious forehead wets it selfe in the ayery middle region the fretum or lane is abut forty yards broad even below and bestrew'd with pibbles either side is wall'd with an amazing hill higher than to reach up at twice shooting and for eight miles so continues agreeing with the relation Pliny and Solinus make of it a prodigious passage whether by Art or Nature questionable I allude it unto Nature Gods hand-maid But if it bee the same which Pliny calls Caspiae portae Bertius Caspiarum Claustra Strabo and Ptolomy Pilae Caspiae Mediae vel Zagriae and Zarzaeae by Dio. Siculus I then grant Semyramys who did what she could to eternize her name effected it and from her was call'd Pilae Semyramidae as Niger has it Howbeit the Persians appropriate it to Mortys-Ally who with his slicing Shamsheer for the ease of his people made it a sword after their Cabala a hundred cubits long and wherewith at one blow he beheaded ten or as some say a hundred thousand Christians of no credit in that Pliny ere Mortis-Ally was horne thus writes of it Ruptura est Montis longitudine octo mill pass angustissima c. But though they ratifie their story of Ally with an oath from mee they get no other beliefe concerning it than this Hanc fabulam longi temporis mendacia finxit Of more certainty is this a Persian in our company told me That a dozen yeeres ago a valiant thiefe with five hundred horse and three hundred Musquets defended this narrow roade against all passengers none passing nor re-passing without Tribute The King of Larry-Ioon and other mountaneers frown'd at his sawsinesse and threatned his banishment but such stormes made good musick to his eares Abbas growes cholerick to bee so bearded by an ordinary fellow and scornes to honour his overthrow by an Army for knowing he had many Cavalleers about him he doubted not by their courages to fetter him he moves it and proposes a reward but they had heard the thiefe was of incomparable fortitude and dexterity so as by long silence Abbas findes their feare and grows pale at it yet ere hee could give his rage a vent a bold Armenian under-takes it the King embraces him and breaths fresh courage into the hardy Christian who excellently mounted singles out the gladded thiefe that doubted not to master so faire a beast with small opposall It was his custome to give good play usually commanding his company to look on if one or lesse than five entred the strait such high confidence had he in his valour and dexterity in short space they met but parlee in Mars his language the Armenian in all points fitted for a sterne encounter followed his blowes with such skill and fury that after long fight and much bloodshed on either party upon close hee made death a passage a victory so irksome to his men whose lives depended on his safety that like robd Beares they fell upon the victor Armenian who had doubtlesse there expired had not an Ambush of many brave Coosel-bashaes broke out and relieved him by whose sudden assault the wretched theeves were quickly sacrifiz'd unto their Master The Christian returnes to Court crown'd with a glorious Laurell Abbas addes to his lustre and gives him a brave command so insupportable to the weak soule of this too-strong Champion that to

structure and daily served by a multitude of hellish Priests or Bonzees not admitted to attend there except they be young well shap't and as strong in venerie as was Hercules Every new Moon they solemnly betroth unto the Devill a Damosell whose Parents account the ceremonie happie and honourable if any be more faire or singular than another shee is selected by the lustfull Priests devoted and brought into the Temple and placed right against the Mamada or Idoll the roome is first made glorious with Lamps of burnisht gold and a preparation by incendiating Lignum vitae or other gums and perfumes such as be curious and costly by and by the Lamps extinguish by myracle and in a grosse darknesse the Prince of darknesse approaches and abuses her so shee imagines and the rather credited in that the Devill leaves behind him certaine scales like those of fishes an argument of no phantasma but by this hellish conjunction they swell not unlesse the Bonzee second it Sathan is no sooner gone but she is saluted by the Bonzees who ravish her with songs and pleasant musique which ended shee acquaints them with her fortune and resolves them in such questions as she by their instruction propounded to the Devill and he had satisfied her in shee issues with applause and ever after is reputed holy and honourable many other things I could present you from tradition but I avoyd as much as may be to insert incertainties from hence therefore faile wee West and land in Chyna where though the travaile be difficult yet suffer me to glean a little though it but expresse my industrie and care to offer you the truest Novelties Of China CHINA is the most Easterly part of Asia A Kingdome both great and wealthie famous also but scarce discovered Their jealousie and discourtesie to strangers they suffer any to enter none to returne chiefly causes it It is subject to many severall names scarce any two strange people accord in one Nomenclation and no wonder since amongst themselves they affect variety the Kings new naming the whole Kingdome at their Coronation as they fancie it Ptolomy long agoe call'd it Sinarum Regio other Geographers Seres the Moores in Industant call it Cathayo the Arabians T'synin the Syamites Cyn the Malayans Tabenzo the Japonites Thau and T'syn the Tattarrs Ham Alhacen Tangis Paulus Venetus Mangi the Inhabitants if Perera Riccius and Trigautius say true Tamen and themselves Tamegines But how various soe're that be this is not uncertaine that it is a very spatious Monarchie for it extends from 17 deg to 43 of North Latitude and to the South Cantam to the North Pequin two royall Cities seeme to terminate it But thus confined On the East it has the Sea of Iapan Corea is part of China no Ile but to the North conjoyned with the Continent On the West the Desarts of Industant On the North the Tattars On the South the Phillipinae Iles and the South West adjoyneth to Cochyn-China and Pegu with part of Siam All agree that it is square and that from any one side to another is 1500 English miles the circuit above 4000. the Country is generally champaign fruitfull full of sweet and navigable rivers and which are no lesse inhabited than the Villages and Cities be of which China has no fewer than 600 Cities 2000 wall'd Townes 4000 unwalled 1000 Castles and of Villages scarce to be numbred and many they had need to be since they give lodging to above threescore millions of men and boyes besides women which be not inrolled The whole Empire is divided into fifteene great Provinces governed by so many Quon-fu and Lausia who have their Tutans and Chyans or Deputies under them Each of those Provinces has a Metropolis full of people fairely built and very spatious But every way more excellent than the rest are these foure Paquin by some called Pasquin Nanquin or Nanton Cantam or Canton and Quinsay by them called Ham-ceu of which foure at this day Paquin is chiefe or Emperiall PAQVIN elevates the North Pole 41 degr 15 minutes and by late Geographers is accounted that same Citie which some call Cambalu watered by Polisanga and China then must bee Cathaya yea if Pantoja and Di Canti say true the Chyna Monarch is that same great Cam which M. P. Venetus and Mandevile afore him have famoused The Citie Pequin is questionlesse the most spatious and best peopled in Asia if not in the world since it has 30 Duch leagues ninety English miles circumference it includes many stately buildings and Mausoleas 24000 are numbered of the Mandarins Sepulchers the meanest of which is not without beauty and a no lesse number of little guilded Chappell 's beside 3800 Temples devoted to Idolatry It has as many Gates Posterns as be dayes in a yeer sixscore Buzzars or Market-places above a thousand Bridges of stone and such water as is every where potable This City is not above a hundred miles from that marvellous wall which Crisnagol their King Zaintzon the 117 King some say built 1000 yeeres ago to keep out the invading Tartarr a wall 1200 miles long six fathoms high twelve yards thick and such as was seven and twenty yeeres erecting by a continued labour of 750000 men NANQVIN the second Citie for grandeur and bravery till of late was the China Metropolis It elevates the Artick Pole 32 degr and is distant from the Sea 8 leagues or there abouts The City is 12 leagues about circled with three strong walls and ditches the Kings Pallace is glorious and vast the other buildings many for 200000 are reckned but meanly beautifull the Temples are above a thousand the streets fayre the people industrious from Paquin removed East six hundred miles English most part of the way is navigable CANTAM is at the South end of China in 17 deg a Towne both rich and spatious our Ships came almost in view of it from it to Paquin is two months travell QVINZAY or Ham-ceu borders Cochin-China of old the greatest at this day the most admirable for variety of antick rarities in the Orient These bee the most noted but many other great and populous Cities this great Empire conteineth generally of one shape and alike governed None be without their Meani or Temples fild with Deastri or Idols The Countrey is generally champaign and fruitfull the husbandmans care and paines make it to fructifie and repay its thanks in various tribute each Province there is well watered and few of those rivers but abound in fish which the Chyneses not only banquet on but on Frogs Snakes Rats Dogs Hogs and such food as many other Nations abhominate they fish with Cormorants The people are Olive coloured more black or white as they vary from the Aequinoctiall they weare their haire very long and fillited their eyes are commonly black their noses little their eyes small their beards deformedly thin and nailes often times as long as their fingers serving as a mark to distinguish the

of farre greater extent and power fifty yeeres ago till the Syamite pluckt forceably from her Dyadem many brave and wealthy Seigniories howbeit she is yet commandresse of many Ilands Monym Barongo Nogomello Duradura Cocos c. Pegu by Castaldus supposed that old City Triglipton in Ptolomy has Artique elevation 16 degrees 40 minutes a Citie walld with good stone beautified with many Turrets and parrapets and to issue out and enter in shewes foure faire Gates and twelve posternes prettily built and made more safe by that deep Moat or Trench fild with Crocodiles that circumvolves her the streets are not many but large and broad they are and seldome crooking afore every doore the houses are all low growes a pleasant tree whose fruit and wholsome shade makes them double usefull It is divided into two the new Towne and the old the old is most great and best inhabited The Varellaes or Temples and Sudatories are observable each Varella farcinated with ugly but guilded Idolls that at Dogonnee is not a little memorable for structure and ornament out-braving any other in the Orient the wildernesse about it and antick superstition might chalenge a copious description which I forbeare having other things to denotate This Kingdom is full of al earthly delights blessings of Nature Gold Silver Lead Iron also Smaragds Topaz Rubies Saphyres Garnats Emralds Espinells and Cats-eyes as also Ryce Caravances long Pepper Sugar Benoyn Musk Gum-lack Cotton Callicoes and what else a reasonable man can lust after But all these if they were centuplied are not able to make them truly happy wanting the true pearle that which the godly Merchant bought though to obtaine it he sold all his fraile wealth and possessions for albeit the holy Apostle Saint Thomas brought them blessed tidings of salvation yet they quickly lost the true light delighting to this day in obscure and loathed sinnes the Kyacks fild with base Idolatry insomuch that father Bomferrus an old Franciscan after foure tedious yeeres labour to reduce them to some knowledge of the Church of Rome came home desiring rather as did S. Anthony to preach among piggs than such a swinish generation The truth is they beleeve they know not what and Quaenam est ista simplicitas neseire quod credas sayes Hierom against the Luciferians yet some what if all be true he tells us wee gather from his observation that they beleeve the world consisting of Heaven Sea and Earth had foure Creations and for impiety was foure times destroyed by Fire by Wind by Water and by Earthquakes each Age or World governed by a severall tutelarie Numen or God miserable only in this that he was transitory and not omnipotent nor immortall they reckon that the last destruction of the world death of their last God was thirty thousand yeeres ago and that in Plato's great yeere all shall once more suffer a chaos They imagine a great Lord omniscient omnipotent and immortall lives and rules in Heaven but they do not worship him in that Satan tels them he desires it not they beleeve a revivification of the body after death and co-union with the soule and Bomferrus beleeves it confesse a three-fold receptacle of soules departed Nashac Nishac and Schua Heaven Hell and Purgatory by which that holy Frier convinces us of more ignorance than these Pagans but wee beleeve it never the sooner since the Devill is their instructer yea who dictates their profession Their habit is thin and fine it differs little from that they have in Industant and Syam but in this they varie they weare no beards they dye their teeth black in that Dogs teeth are white whom they hate to imitate they also cut and pluck their flesh to become braver than other Nations I have told you the best of Pegu the worst is also memorable In lesse than a hundred yeeres ago the Peguan Monark was farre more powerfull and formidable than at this present his Dyadem then sparkled with a gallent lustre twelve wealthy Kingdomes at that time acknowledged Pegu their Soveraigne Some of those Provinces are well knowne to us as Syam Auva Kavelan Barmaw Iangomer Tangram Cablan Lawran Meliotalk c. out of which hee yeerely extracted as tribute-money two Millions of crownes and had a Million of men to serve him at all occasions but this hardly could content him for by a two losty conceit of his Monachick greatnesse he grew efflated and to contemne others as too base to fix his eyes upon Tyranny succeeded his pride and decadence or destruction of his Empire Tyranny for the Auvan King when he found no priviledge by being Uncle to the Emperour of Pegu nor that he was his loyall subject he swells with rage and breaks asunder his silver yoak of hated servitude howeit ere hee could ripen his designes the Peguan has notice and so suddenly arrests him that in amazement he acknowleges his fault and begs his mercy but the Peguan King forthwith beheads him and to terrifie others by his example makes no difference 'twixt nocent and innocent his wife his children and forty other whom he most respected concomitating the miserable Auvan King in that sad Tragedy It was terrible Justice no doubt but rather exasperated others to new rebellions the most incenst and greatest in power was the Siam King who seeing his owne incertaine standing any occasion breeding jealousie and the least jealousie bringing death from his conquerour hee suddenly breaks out and with all the forces he could make by money or promises ere the Peguan was return'd from Auva in short time enters Pegu and apparantly made knowne his high rebellion the Peguan threatens terrible things and to effect them opposes the Siamite with an Armie of nine hundred thousand fighting men but that world of men could not contrarie the decree of a more powerfull King for such was the confused haste he made precipitated by furie such the hate his crueltie had defam'd him with and such the affright his uncles Malus Genius as Caesars did Brutus every where opposed him with that in three houres fight his monstrous multitude turne raile and willingly yeeld themselves a prey to the inraged axe of war chosing rather to dy than any way to increase the Paguan's pride so as the Siamite triumphs the Peguan hastens back to raise more men to trie a second fortune The Siamite not willing to ingage himselfe too far returnes the Peguan is almost there as soone as he all the way burning and destroying all he met with the Siam King armes himselfe with the Foxes skin he refused to fight not that he feared but that he knew an easier way whereby to assure his conquest the Pegu darts many fiery defiances calls him rebell coward and what not not dreaming of his stratagems for ere hee could leave his trenches the swift and mighty river Suhan Mean some call it sweld desperately broke ore her bancks and flasht so violent into the Peguan army that for want of boates and others