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A28438 Janua scientiarum, or, A compendious introduction to geography, chronology, government, history, phylosophy, and all genteel sorts of literature by Charles Blount ... Blount, Charles, 1654-1693. 1684 (1684) Wing B3306; ESTC R2203 36,273 146

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of the Daughter and Heir of Ferdinand the Catholick which Race now governs in Spain Qu. What Races of Kings have succeeded to the Crown of Scotland Ans The Ancient Kingdom of the Scots reckon by two Periods the first from Fergusius who was King of Scotland in the time of Alexander the Great and the second from Robert Stuart the Son of Walter Stuart who married Margery King Bruces Daughter in the year of our Lord 1350. or thereabouts Qu. How came Ireland into the hands of the English Ans By the Conquest of Henry the second in the year of Christ 1172. Qu. Of what Family is the Emperour of Germany Ans Descended from Radulphus Auspergensis who A. D. 1273. made Austria the Imperial Seat constituting his Son Albert first Duke thereof Qu. Of what Family is the Emperour of Turkey Ans Of the Ottoman Family so called from the War-like Emperour Othoman Son of Orthogules who A. D. 1300. did much enlarge the Mahometan Empire by his Arms. Qu. Of what Family are the Kings of Portugal Ans Portugal which did formerly belong to Spain is now a distinct Kingdom of it self and enjoys the blessing of Kings of its own out of that Honourable Family of the Duke of Braganza descended from Henry of Lorrain to whom Alphonsus King of Castile gave his Daughter Teresia in Marriage for the good Services he had perform'd against the Sarazens in Portugal A.C. 1110. Qu. How is Holland and the Low-Countrys Governed Ans Holland did formerly belong to the King of Spain 'till by the Severity of the Spanish Inquisition and Cruel Government of the Duke of Alva under Philip the second they Revolted and by the Assistance of Queen Elizabeth threw off the Spanish yoak and set up a Commonwealth among themselves under which kind of Government they now continue at this very day Qu. What Interest hath the Prince of Orange in the Government af Holland Ans He is allowed a double Vote in their Senate with many other Priviledges above the rest as a Reward for the good Services done them by the Old Prince of Orange in their Revolt against the Duke of Alva and the Spaniards Qu. How is the present Government of Italy Ans It is divided into little Commonwealths Principalities or Dukedoms which in Spiritual matters are mostly subject to the Pope who as the Ghost of the Deceased Roman Empire sits Crown'd upon the Grave thereof as the Malmsbury Phylosopher well observes LIB VII OF PHYLOSOPHY Qu. WHich are the chief Successions of Ancient Phylosophy Ans These three the Ionick Italick and Eleatick as Clemens Alexandrinus reckons them But Diogenes Laertius mentions only two the Ionick and Italick which last he makes to fall in with the Eleatick Qu. Who was the first of the Ionick Sect Ans Thales Qu. Who was the first of the Italick Sect Ans Pythagoras whose Masters Name was Pherecydes Qu. What Phylosophers succeeded Thales in his Sect of Ionick Phylosophy Ans Anaximander Anaximenes Anaxagoras Archelaus and Socrates who being the first Founder of Moral Phylosophy after his time several new Sects arose Qu. Who were the chief Phylosophers of the Italick Sect after Pythagoras Ans Telauges and Xenophanes whom Clemens makes the first of the Eleaticks also Parmenedes Zeno Eleates Leucippus Empedocles Democritus Protagoras Metrodorus Diomenes Pyrrho Heraclitus Anaxarchus Nausiphanes Naucydes and Epicurus whose Phylosophy is given us by the Latine Poet Lucretius Qu. What are the chief Sects which you say arose after Socrates amongst his Followers Ans They were the Cynicks Stoicks Academicks Peripateticks Scepticks Epicureans and Eclecticks Qu. Who were the chief Cynicks Ans Antisthenes Diogenes and Crates from whom sprang the Stoicks Qu. Who were the chief Stoicks Ans Crates Zeno Citiensis Cleanthes Chrysippus Cato Varro Tullie Seneca Antonius and Possidonius Qu. Who were the chief Academicks Ans Plato Pseusippus Xenocrates and Polemon of the old Academy Crantor and Arcesilaus of the middle Academy and Lacydes Hegesilans Carneades and Clitomachus of the new Academy Qu. Who were the chief Peripateticks Ans Aristotle Theophrastus Straton Lycon Critolaus and Diodorus Qu. Who were the chief Scepticks Ans Pyrrho Timon Aenesidemus Neumenius and Sextus Empericus Qu. Who were the chief Epicureans Ans Epicurus his servant Mus Hermannus Lucian Celsus Lucretius Cassius who murther'd Caesar Maro and Patronius Arbiter Qu. Who were the chief Electticks Ans Potamon of Alexandria Sotion Ammonius and Plotinus Qu. Why were the Cynicks so called Ans In derision of their Morose Dogged Manners and ill Nature Fawning on Vertue and Barking at Vice as Ammonius well expresses it Qu. Why were the Stoicks so called Ans From the place they disputed in call'd a Stoa or Porch Qu. Why were the Academicks so called Ans From the place where they studied in called an Academy Qu. Why were the Peripateticks so called Ans From their manner of Disputing as they walked in a place called the Lycaeum Qu. Why were the Scepticks so called Ans Because they deny'd any certainty of knowledge in any thing which others affirming were called Dogmaticks Qu. Why were the Epicureans so called Ans From their Master Epicurus who nevertheless received all his Principles of Atomical Phylosophy from Democritus who held the same long before Qu. Why were the Electicks so called Ans Because they pretended to search all other Phylosophies and choose the best out of each Qu. Why were all these men called Phylosophers Ans From their Study of Wisdom and Knowledge Qu. To what kind of knowledge did the Academicks pretend Ans To know nothing certainly but to dispute all things yet not absolutely denying that there may be some probability of conclusion only that it was difficult to attain unto Qu. In what did the Stoicks differ from the Peripateticks and the Epicureans from both Ans Somewhat they differ'd in their Physicks but most in their Opinions of the chief good and Happiness of man Qu. Wherein did the Stoicks place Happiness Ans In the rigid exercise of Vertue and contempt of those things which others esteem Pain or Pleasure Qu. In what did the Peripateticks place Happiness Ans In the exercise of Vertue together with the enjoyment of the gifts of Nature and Fortune the want of which they acknowledged to be Unhappiness Qu. In what did the Epicureans place their Happiness Ans In the enjoyment of Pleasure and living without the fear of Powers Invisible Qu. What are the chief parts or contents of Phylosophy Ans Physicks or Natural Phylosophy Ethicks or Moral Phylosophy and Dialecticks or Logick Qu. What doth Physicks or Natural Phylosophy comprehend Ans To know the Nature of the Heavens and all things in the World Qu. What doth Ethicks or Moral Phylosophy comprehend Ans The instruction of Good Manners Vertue and Vice together with the chief good of men and how to attain it Qu. What doth Dialecticks or Logick teach Ans The Art of Discourse or true Reasoning which serves as the Instrument of both the other Qu. Which are the best Authors to instruct us in the Lives and Doctrines of the Phylosophers Ans Diogenes Laertius Stobaeus Plutarch Clemens Alexandrinus and Steuchius Eugebinus but above all Cicero's Works wherein we shall find what the Lord Bacon says to be Infallibly true That as a little Phylosophy enclineth men to Atheism so depth in Phylosophy bringeth back to Religion LIB VIII Of LEARNING AND SCIENCES In General Qu. WHich are the seven Liberal Sciences Ans Philology History Mathematicks Phylosophy Physick Law and Divinity Qu. What doth Philology comprehend Ans Philology comprehends the study of Grammar or the Art of Writing and Speaking Correctly Rhetorick or the Art of Speaking Eloquently Poetry or the Art of Writing in Measure or Verse Logick or the Art of Reasoning Anagnostick or the method of Reading Authors Profitably Criticks or Censures upon Authors and Diadacticks or the method of Teaching others Qu. How may History be divided Ans Into seven parts As for Example Ecclesiastical or the History of the Fathers and Councils Political or the Government of States and Kingdoms Natural as Pliny of the Heavens Fowls Beasts and Plants Successions as of Countries and Families Professions as the Lives of Famous men in any Faculty Various as Aelian Plutarchs Morals and Valerius Maximus and Fabulous such as are called Romances Qu. What do the Mathematicks comprehend Ans Arithmetick or the Art of Numbers Geometry or the Art of Measuring Perspectives or the Art of Sight Astronomy or the knowledge of the Stars and their Motions Geography or the Description of the Earth Architecture or the Art of Building and Musick or the Art of Harmony Qu. What doth Phylosophy comhend Ans Metaphysicks that treat of Supernatural things as Spirits c Physicks or Natural Phylosophy Ethicks or Moral Phylosophy Oeconomiques of Order and Discipline Politicks of Government Thanmaturgicks or the working Strange Conclusions and Pneumatology or the Doctrine of Spirits Qu. What is comprehended in the Study of Physick Ans To be well read in all Natural and Physical Writings of the Latines Greeks Arabians Paracelsians Galeno-Chymists Prophylacticks and Empericks Qu. What is comprehended in the Study of Law Ans To read such as have written concerning Law-givers and Laws in general Of the Law of Nature Of the Law of Nations Of the Laws of the Hebrews Of the Civil-Law Of the Canon-Law and Of our Municipal Laws Qu. What is comprehended in the Study of Divinity Ans To read such as have written Divinity Natural Catechetical Exegetical on Commentators Polemical in Controversies Synidetical for Cases of Conscience Prophetical of Preaching and Gubernetical of Church-Government Instrue praeceptis Animum nec discere Cesses Nam sine Doctrina vita est qansi Mortis Imago FINIS
time this Planet is diametrically opposite to the Sun Qu. What is an Epocha Ans It is some remarkable point of time from the which Chronologers begin to reckon in reference to the changes of their own Nation Thus the Jews reckoned from their departure out of Aegypt the Grecians from their Olympiads instituted by Iphitus The Romans from the building of their City the Christians from the Birth of Christ and the Turks from their Hegira or flight of Mahomet Qu. What is a Lustre and an Olympiad Ans A Lustre among the Romans and Olympiad among the Grecians signified the space of five years because the Games so called were celebrated every fifth year Qu. How do Sacred Chronilogers begin to reckon Ans First from the Creation to Noah's Flood 1657 years 2dly From the Flood to the calling of Abraham 367 years 3dly From the calling of Abraham to the departure of the Israelites out of Aegypt 430 years 4ly From the Aegyptians Exodus to Solomon's building of the first Temple 480 years 5ly From the building of the first Temple to the erection of the second by Zorobabel 497 years 6ly From the building the second by Zorobabel to the Birth of our Saviour Christ 529 years 7ly and lastly From the Birth of our Saviour to these present times 1683 years Qu. How do Prophane Chronologers begin to reckon Ans First From Nimrod to Cyrus the Great 1646 years 2dly From Cyrus to Alexander the Great 228 years 3dly From Alexander to Julius Caesar 300 years 4ly From Caesar to Constantine the Great 355 years 5ly From Constantine to Charles the Great 455 years 6ly From Charles the Great to Radulphus of Auspurgh 472 years 7ly and lastly From Radulphus to these present times 400 years Qu. Which are the best Authors for Chronology Ans Helvicus Calvisius Bucholcer Funccius Petavius Vsher and Alstedius LIB III. OF HISTORY Of the Assyrian MONARCHY Qu. WHat is History Ans A Record of past actions either Sacred or Civil Qu. Which are the four chief and most ancient Monarchies of the World Ans The Assyrian the Persian the Grecian and the Roman Qu. Vnder what Kings did the Assyrian Monarchy begin flourish and expire Ans It began under Nimrod and flourish'd till Sardanapalus by whose Lust it was divided and almost destroy'd Qu. At what time was the Assyrian Monarchy founded and how long did it last Ans It was founded about seventeen hundred years after the Creation and lasted sixteen hundred forty six years longer Qu. Tell me the Names of the Assyrian Kings in order Ans Nimrod Belus Ninus or Ashur Semiramis Ninias Arius and others unknown till we come to Sardanapalus by whose Luxury Monarchy became divided between two Rebels Arbaces and Belesus and so continued to them and their Heirs till Cyrus's time who began the second Monarchy called the Persian Qu. How came Cyrus to begin the second Monarchy Ans One part of the Empire falling to him by succession from his Grandfather Astygas one of Arbaces's Successors he soon conquered Belshazzer who was Belesus's Successor and so joyning both parts of the Empire together began a new Monarchy in Persia his Native-Countrey Qu. Wat Authors treat of this Assyrian Monarchy Ans The holy Scriptures Josephus Diodorus Siculus Justin Eusebius Matthaeus Vsher Raleigh Hoel and Viginier besides the ancient Ctesias Berosus and Megastenes whereof only some few fragments remain Of the Second OR PERSIAN MONARCHY Qu. WHy was this second Monarchy called the Monarchy of the Medes and Persians Ans Because the Empire did chiefly consist of those two Kingdoms Qu. Vnder what Kings did this Persian Monarchy begin flourish and expire Ans It began under Cyrus whose Race ended in his Son Cambyses after whom Darius Hystaspes having defeated the Magi and won the Empire from his Competitors by the neighing of his Horse it still flourished till Darius Codomanus in whom it ended Qu. How long did this second or Persian Monarchy last Ans It lasted 228 years and was enjoyed only by two Families that of Cyrus and that of Darius Hystaspes Qu. Tell me the Names of the Persian Kings in order Answ Cyrus the Great Cambyses Darius Hystaspes Xerxes Artaxerxes Longimanus Darius Nothus Artaxerxes Mnemon Artaxerxes Ochus Arsames and lastly Dar. Codomanus Qu. What Authors write chiefly of this second Monarchy Ans Herodotus Thucydides Xenophon Plutarch Diodorus Justin and Orosius Of the Third OR GRECIAN MONARCHY Qu. WHy was this Third Monarchy call'd the Grecian or Macedonian Monarchy Ans It was so called from its first Founder Alexander the Son of King Philip of Macedon a Grecian born Qu. When was it that Alexander began to reign Ans 329 years before the Birth of Christ and in 12 years space conquer'd most part of the Universe and is therefore called the Great Qu. How long did the Grecian Monarchy flourish Ans It flourish'd no longer than Alexander's Life for he dying without Sons bequeath'd the Empire to the Worthiest which caused great division amongst the Nobility till at length they divided it into four parts And so it lasted till they were all conquer'd by the Romans who began the Fourth and last Monarchy under the Conduct of Julius Caesar Qu. Which were the Four parts of this Grecian Monarchy after its division Ans The Kingdoms of Macedon Asia minor Syria and Aegypt all which were in the space of 300 years reduced to the Roman Yoak Qu. What Kings succeeded in Macedon after Alexander Ans The first was Alexander's Brother Arideus after whom succeeded fifteen Kings more whereof the last was Perseus who was overcome by Paulus Aemylius the Roman Consul Qu. What Kings succeeded in Asia minor after Alexander Ans But Two whereof the first was Antigonus King Philip of Macedon's Bastard and the second was Demetrius Poliorcetes who being put to flight by his Son-in-law Seleucus Nicanor after that Asia minor was joyn'd to the Kingdom of Syria Qu. What Kings succeeded in Syria after Alexander Ans The first was Seleucus Nicanor after whom succeeded 19 King whereof the last was Tigranes who being subdued by Pompey Syria became a Province to the Romans Qu. Now lastly What Kings succeeded Alexander in Aegypt Ans The first was Ptolomaeus Lagus another of King Philip's Bastards after whom succeeded 12 Princes more till by the death of the famous Cleopatra Aegypt was reduced into a Roman Province And thus Rome having swallowed up the four divisions of the Grecian Monarchy began another which was called the Fourth or Roman Qu. Which are the best ancient Authors that treat of this Grecian Monarchy Ans First Arrianus and Quintus Curtius that write of Alexander himself and secondly Plutarch Justin Polybius and Diodorus that treat concerning his Successors Of the Fourth OR ROMAN MONARCHY Qu. WHen was Rome first founded and by whom Ans Rome was first built 753 years before Christ by the two Brothers Romulus and Rhemus Qu. How hath Rome been anciently govern'd Ans Rome was first govern'd successively by Kings then by annual