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A49552 An introduction to the history of England comprising the principal affairs of this land, from its first planting, to the coming of the English Saxons : together with a catalogue of the British and Pictish kings / by Daniel Langhorne. Langhorne, Daniel, d. 1681. 1676 (1676) Wing L395; ESTC R13965 103,983 214

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Royal Prophet Thou lovest Righteousness and hatest wickedness Ps 45.7 therefore God thy God hath anointed thee with the oyl of gladness above thy fellows And again according to the same Royal Prophet Ps 72.1 Give the King thy Judgments O God c. for he said not the Judgments nor the Righteousness of Caesar For the King's Sons are the Christian Nations and people of the Realm who live and abide in the Kingdom under your Protection and Peace according to the Gospel Mat. 23.37 even as a Hen gathereth her Chickens under her wings The Nations and people of Britain are your people whom however divided you ought to gather into one to reclaim to Concord and Peace and the Faith and Law of Christ and to the Holy Church to cherish maintain or to lead by hand protect govern and always defend them from injurious and malitious Folks and from their Enemies Eccl. 10.16 Wo to the Kingdom whose King is a Child and whose Princes eat in the morning I do not term a King a Child for Infant-age but for Folly Iniquity and Madness according to the Royal Prophet Ps 55.23 Bloody and deceitful men shall not live out half their dayes By Eating we understand Gluttony by Gluttony Luxury by Luxury all filthy perverse and wicked things according to King Solomon Into a malicious Soul Wisdom shall not enter nor dwell in the body that is subject unto sin Rex dicitur à Regendo non à Regno A King hath his name from his Ruling not from his Kingdom As long as you govern well you shall be a King which if you do not the Name of King will not be evidenced in you and you will lose that Name which God forbid Almighty God grant you so to govern the Kingdom of Britain that you may reign for ever with him whose Vicegerent you are in the said Realm This Letter was written in the year one Hundred seventy nine when the Emperour Commodus was Consul with Vespronius and is to be seen in Lambard's Archaeonomia Printed at London in the years 1560 and 1644 among Edward the Confessor's Laws and in a Copy of our old Laws written in Edward the fourths time now kept in Sr. John Cotton's famous Library and likewise in an Ancient Manuscript Chronicle called Brutus and Breton William Harrison hath inserted it into his description of Britain Lib. 1. c. 9. having translated it into English out of sundry ancient Copies Theon Bishop of London is said to have built St. Peter's Church in Cornhil London with the help of Ciranus the King 's Cup-bearer which Lucius liberally endowed and made it to be the Episcopal Sea for the Diocess of London But Fagan and Dwywan not confining their endeavours only to Lucius his Kingdom converted the greatest part of Britain with the assistance of Elvan and Medwin of whom the former had been made a Bishop at Rome the other a Doctor as Johannes Tinmuthensis and Capgrave in the life of Dubricius and an old Tract concerning the first state of the Church of Landaffe assirm meaning Presbyter or Priest as I suppose by Doctor for the title of Doctor doth not appear to have been so ancient in the Church in the sence wherein it hath been since used Divers other Bishopricks are reported to have been erected about this time as York Carleon upon Vske Winchester Gloucester Congresbury Landaffe and other places Philippus Berterius and Archbishop Vsher of Armagh take York to have been the Metropolis of Britain at that time as being a Roman Colony and honoured with the Emperour's Palace and the Praetorium of Britain in regard whereof Spartianus terms it by way of Excellency In vita Severi The City And in the Council of Arles Eborius of York subscribed before Restitutus of London He that in the year one Thousand four hundred and sixty wrote the History of the Archbishops of York makes Fagan the first Archbishop of that Sea but Harrison in his description of Britain saith Lib. 1. cap. 7. that one Theodosius was Bishop there in the time of Lucius who might be so indeed in the latter end of Lucius his Reign after Fagan's death The Church of Winchester being finished in the fifth year of Lucius his Conversion viz. in the year one Hundred and eighty was then Dedicated by Fagan and Dwywan at which time also one Devotus was made Abbot of the Monastery which the King had founded for certain Monks professing the Egyptian Rule of St. Mark And about the same time was also founded the renowned Abbey of Bangor And now the Northern men are up in arms again and passing Lollius his Fence were come as far as Adrian's Wall which they broke down putting most of the Soldiers that defended it with their commander to the sword and entring the Province wasted and spoiled it at their pleasure against whom Vlpius Marcelius was sent who valiantly beat them back to their own homes and governed the country with such same and reputation that the Emperour Commodus whose Vices were as notorious as his Lieutenant's Virtues fearing the growth of his Credit with the Romans in an envious mood sent him Letters of Discharge After his departure the Army which he had kept in excellent Discipline fell to mutinying and civil Dissensions the Officers abusing and defrauding the common Soldiers whereupon fifteen Hundred of them went to Rome and complained against the Emperour's grand Favourite Perennis as the cause of those and many other distempers in the State for which he was put to death Yet did not this compliance so appease the British Army but that they would have set up another Emperour and Helvins Pertinax who here succeeded in the Lieutenancy endeavouring to suppress their insolency by severe means provoked them to an Insurrection in which divers were slain and himself left for dead whereupon he was glad for his own safety to get himself revoked In his place came Clodius Albinus who so worthily demeaned himself that Commodus either for fear or favour honoured him with the Title of Caesar which yet he accepted not but upon a false report of the Emperour's death having in a set speech discovered himself to be better affected to the old Government of the Senate and Consuls than to Monarchical Empire he was commanded to resign to Junius Severus But Pertinax suceeding Commodus was not long after murdered by the Praetorian Guards who sold the Empire to Didius Julianus who enjoyed his Purchase but a very little time being soon after slain by Septimius Severus This Emperour to keep Albinus who during the late Broils had made bold to keep his place from attempting any thing against him during his Wars with Pescennius Niger created him his Caesar which he now accepted as having a greater esteem for him than for Commodus But Niger being defeated and slain Severus falls to practising the death of his new Caesar and therein failing proclaims him Traitour and publick Enemy and comes in person
and forrage the Countrey then passing the Straits of Gibralter came as Geffrey of Monmouth saith into the Tyrrhen Sea It should seem the old British Writers meant not by that name the Sea of Etruria for the Straits-mouth was out of the way from the Mediterranean thither but they understood some nearer Sea by it as appears by Nennius who tells us that King Belinus the Son of Minocanus subdued the Isles of the Tyrrhen Sea whereas the Britans never used to sail so far as ●●ruria with any considerable Fleets yet why any Sea between the Straits and Britain should be so called I cannot see Here Brutus met with another Fleet of Trojans commanded by Chorinaeus who was descended from Antenor him he acquaints with the Answer he had from the Goddess and prevails with him to joyn with him in his Design Hence they pass forward through the Gallick Sea and cast Anchors in the River Loire which parted Aquitaine and Armorica Gaule was at this time governed by twelve Princes one of whom named Groffarius had Pictavia and part of these two Provinces aforenamed for his share who hearing the arrival of these Strangers in his Dominions sent out a party to take an account of them These found Chorinaeus with two hundred men chasing their Master's Deer and after some angry Expostulations fell to blows where Imbert Commander of the Gaules was slain by Cherinaeus and his men put to flight Groffarius hereat incensed marches against the Trojans who now were all landed and ready for the Encounter which was very sharp but at last the Victory fell to the new Comers who wasting the Country at their pleasure loaded their Ships with spoil and pillage In this Battel one Suardus a great Nobleman of Gaul lost his life by the hand of Chorinaeus But now the other Eleven Princes hasten to the succour of their vanquished friend and overbearing the Strangers with multitude beat them to their Camp and there beseige them About midnight Chorinaeus gets out with three thousand men and lodges them in an adjoyning Wood till morning at what time Brutus marched into the field whom the Gauls most furiously assail with assured hopes of Conquest when on a sudden Chorinaeus from the Wood falls in desperately upon their Rear who seeing themselves engaged both before and behind and thinking these last had been a new supply brought by Sea and more in number than they were began to faint which their Enemies perceiving redoubled their courages and charged them so fiercely that they put them to a total rout In this fight Turnus the Nephew of Brutus who came from Italy with Chorinaeus was slain after he had performed incredible exploits from whom the people of the countrey where the Battle was fought were named Turones Brutus began now to consider the numbers of his men were shrewdly diminished by these conflicts whereas the losses of his Adversaries would easily be repaired by fresh recruits which he could not have and therefore enquiring the name of the Land and finding that the place intended him by the Oracle lay beyond it he re-embarqued his Soldiers and with a prosperous Gale sailed into Britain arriving at Totnes in the Province of Danmonia and putting to flight the Albionians who opposed his landing The forementioned war between the Samotheans and Albionians becoming hereditary had lasted for divers Ages the former having the better of it and possessing the best part of the Isle so long as their Kings kept their residence in Gaul and assisted them in their exigencies but when Fran●us removed his Court into Pannonia committing the government of Gaule to twelve Prefects whom he likewise ordered to be aiding to his Samothean Subjects when they should need their help they minding nothing more than to establish themselves in their Prefectures and to secure them to their Posterity took no care at all of Britain whereby the Albionians who were glad to keep themselves in the craggy and mountainous Moors while the others were helped from beyond Sea were emboldned to contend with them in open field The issue was that after many bloody Battels both Nations were reduced to such a paucity that Diana's Oracle when consulted by Brutus about the event of his Voyage is said to have termed this a Desart Island such animosity and hatred was between these two people though there was room enough and to spare for both The Samotheans having heard of Brutus his same presently repaired to him and received him for their King who to make good the opinion his new Subjects had conceived of him sought out the Albionians and utterly defeated them and then gave Danmonia to Chorinaeus from whom the Western part of it was called Corinia now Cornwall But as they were solemnizing a Festival for joy of their Successes not suspecting any danger on a sudden they were set upon and many killed by thirty of the boldest Albionians who since their overthrow had lurked in Caves thereabouts Brutus and Chorinaeus with their company betake themselves to their weapons and surrounding these Desperadoes slue them all but their Chief whose name was Gormagot and is reported to have been a Giant of a prodigious height whose strength Chorinaeus desired to try in wrestling which he afterwards did by the Sea-side in which contest he was so enraged with the pain of his three Ribs which had broke in the strugling that heaving him up by main strength he cast him violently down a steep Rock into the Sea where he perished After which to prevent such surprises for the future they by degrees extirpated his whole Crue and this was the end of the Albionians so named from their Founder Albion who are said to have been a Generation of Giants Brutus thus settled in his new Kingdom ordained that all his Subjects both Samotheans and Trojans should be called Britans and then upon the side of the River Thames he built the City Trinobant which the Welsh will have to be more rightly named Troynovant for a place of Residence for himself and his Successors dying after a happy Reign of four and twenty years he left his Kingdom to be divided between his three Sons but reserved the Superiority and Soveraignty to the Eldest which was Locrinus whose part was better than both his Brothers and was of him named Loegria as Camber's part was named Cambria and Albanactus his share Albania This last was invaded and slain by Humber King of the Hunnes whose death was soon revenged by Locrinus and Camber by whom the Hunnes were overthrown and destroyed and their Prince drowned in his flight Three Ladies were taken Prisoners by Humber in Germany whom he brought with him into Britain one of which called Estrildis was a King's Daughter Locrinus intended her for his wife and therefore carried them all three with him to Court But Chorinaeus hearing of it to whose only Daughter and Heiress he had been affianced while his Father lived came to him and by menaces compelled him to persorme his