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thousand_o cattle_n and_o that_o a_o great_a army_n may_v march_v over_o it_o in_o battalion_n the_o ancient_n seem_v
to_o have_v admirable_o well_o call_v this_o river_n anas_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o enter_v and_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n as_o a_o duck_n do_v in_o the_o water_n some_o modern_n say_v this_o river_n be_v hide_v by_o the_o mountain_n other_o do_v assure_v we_o that_o these_o be_v break_v his_o up_o of_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v make_v for_o the_o water_v the_o neighbour_a land_n that_o be_v very_o lean_a and_o hungry_a certain_a it_o be_v that_o this_o happen_v towards_o the_o source_n of_o guadiana_n and_o not_o towards_o merida_n as_o the_o old_a cart_n represent_v it_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o wonder_n of_o spain_n the_o two_o other_o be_v a_o city_n encircle_v with_o fire_n by_o wall_n of_o flint_n which_o be_v madrid_n a_o bridge_n over_o which_o water_n be_v see_v to_o run_v which_o be_v the_o aqueduct_v of_o segovia_n one_o may_v say_v of_o the_o city_n of_o this_o state_n that_o they_o have_v some_o appellation_n for_o excellence_n sevil_n the_o trade_n grenada_n the_o great_a valencia_n the_o fair_a barcellonna_n the_o rich_a saragossa_n the_o satisfy_v valle_o dolid_a the_o genteel_a toledo_n the_o ancient_a madrid_n the_o royal_a city_n there_o be_v eight_o archbishopric_n forty_o five_o bishopric_n the_o archbishopric_n be_v toledo_n burgos_n compostella_n sevil_n grenada_n valencia_n saragossa_n and_o taragonna_n king_n richard_z the_o first_o establish_v there_o the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n which_o be_v the_o only_a one_o allow_v of_o in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o inquisition_n have_v be_v introduce_v against_o all_o other_o belief_n some_o church_n be_v at_o toledo_n where_o they_o still_o perform_v the_o musarabick_a office_n which_o be_v that_o which_o the_o christian_n who_o live_v among_o the_o arabian_n use_v several_a of_o their_o seaport_n be_v very_o considerable_a the_o passage_n saint_n andre_n la_o corune_n cadiz_n cartagena_n alicant_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v reckon_v in_o spain_n fifteen_o great_a part_n most_o of_o which_o have_v the_o title_n of_o kingdom_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o moor_n five_o upon_o the_o ocean_n biscaya_n asturia_n galicia_n portugal_n that_o have_v its_o king_n andalousia_n five_o upon_o the_o mediterranean-sea_n granada_n murcia_n valencia_n catalonia_n the_o isle_n of_o majorca_n and_o minorca_n five_o within_o the_o inland_n of_o the_o country_n arragon_n navarre_n the_o two_o castiles_a leon._n biscay_n have_v wood_n which_o furnish_v it_o with_o the_o conveniency_n of_o build_v ship_n it_o have_v so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o mine_n and_o iron-forges_a that_o the_o spaniard_n call_v it_o the_o defence_n of_o castille_n it_o be_v separate_v from_o france_n by_o the_o small_a river_n of_o bidassoa_n which_o form_v a_o little_a island_n celebrate_v for_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o peace_n in_o the_o year_n 1659._o between_o the_o crown_n of_o spain_n and_o france_n the_o biscayan_o who_o be_v the_o ancient_a cantabrian_o have_v great_a privilege_n and_o boast_v of_o never_o have_v be_v subdue_v the_o land_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o navarre_n be_v well_o cultivate_v because_o there_o be_v neither_o tax_n nor_o tithe_n nor_o right_o of_o importation_n it_o be_v capital_a city_n be_v bilbao_n st._n sebastian_n both_o drive_v a_o great_a trade_n especial_o in_o wool_n great_a ship_n can_v come_v up_o to_o bilbao_n but_o at_o high-water_n the_o port_n of_o saint_n sebastian_n be_v of_o easy_a access_n its_o entrance_n be_v defend_v with_o two_o castle_n that_o of_o the_o east_n upon_o a_o height_n that_o of_o the_o west_n on_o a_o level_n upon_o a_o rock_n saint_n andero_n and_o le_fw-fr passage_n be_v two_o excellent_a seaport_n in_o this_o country_n fonterabia_n the_o strong_a place_n guatari_fw-la the_o country_n of_o sebastian_n can_v he_o who_o first_o go_v round_o the_o world_n in_o the_o ship_n call_v the_o victory_n asturia_n breed_v horse_n much_o esteem_v for_o their_o strength_n it_o be_v the_o title_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o spain_n who_o young_a brother_n be_v call_v infant_n since_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n the_o first_o it_o have_v serve_v for_o a_o retreat_n to_o the_o gothick_n king_n and_o to_o several_a bishop_n during_o the_o irruption_n of_o the_o moor_n wherefore_o oviedo_n its_o capital_a city_n be_v call_v the_o city_n of_o king_n and_o bishop_n galicia_n be_v more_o populous_a than_o fertile_a compostella_n be_v know_v for_o the_o pilgrimage_n of_o those_o who_o go_v thither_o to_o visit_v the_o relic_n of_o saint_n james_n the_o patron_n of_o the_o spaniard_n la_o corune_n for_o the_o goodness_n and_o spaciousness_n of_o its_o harbour_n the_o silver_n fleet_n rich_a above_o thirty_o million_o arrive_v there_o in_o the_o year_n 1661._o to_o avoid_v meet_v with_o the_o english_a who_o for_o the_o surprise_v it_o lay_v at_o watch_n upon_o all_o the_o avenue_n of_o cadiz_n they_o reckon_v in_o this_o country_n above_o forty_o other_o havens_n whereof_o that_o of_o vigo_n be_v the_o most_o considerable_a andalousia_n be_v so_o beautiful_a so_o abound_v in_o wine_n corn_n olive_n that_o it_o pass_v for_o the_o granary_n and_o store-house-of_a the_o kingdom_n sevil_n be_v the_o magazine_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o new-world_n it_o be_v a_o town_n so_o well_o build_v that_o there_o be_v a_o spanish_a proverb_n which_o run_v qui_fw-fr en_fw-fr no_o ha_o visto_z sevilla_n no_o have_v visto_z maravilla_n it_o still_o keep_v the_o remain_v of_o the_o city_n italica_n the_o native_a town_n of_o adrian_n corduba_n which_o give_v lucan_n and_o the_o two_o seneca_n to_o antiquity_n be_v much_o more_o considerable_a under_o the_o moor_n than_o it_o be_v at_o present_a it_o be_v principal_a church_n be_v former_o the_o great_a mosque_n of_o the_o mahometan_n after_o that_o of_o mecca_n san-lucar_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o guadalquivir_n be_v a_o town_n of_o great_a trade_n the_o ship_n which_o bring_v gold_n and_o silver_n from_o the_o west-indies_n have_v sometime_o cast_v anchor_n near_o the_o tower_n of_o the_o port_n which_o be_v sometime_o call_v the_o tower_n of_o gold_n this_o cast_a anchor_n be_v more_o common_o perform_v at_o cadiz_n and_o the_o port_n saint_n mary_n which_o be_v near_o it_o xeres_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr fontera_fw-fr be_v in_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o moor_n entire_o defeat_v the_o goth_n in_o the_o year_n 712._o after_o which_o they_o have_v the_o mean_n of_o ravage_v all_o spain_n as_o they_o do_v the_o spaniard_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o have_v make_v no_o scruple_n of_o have_v alliance_n with_o those_o infidel_n because_o some_o of_o their_o divine_n have_v maintain_v that_o they_o may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o as_o of_o horse_n and_o elephant_n gibraltar_n give_v its_o name_n to_o the_o famous_a streight_n which_o communicate_v the_o ocean_n and_o mediterranean-sea_n and_o which_o separate_v europe_n from_o africa_n palos_n be_v the_o haven_n where_o columbus_n embark_v for_o the_o first_o discovery_n of_o the_o new-world_n cadiz_n as_o we_o have_v say_v be_v the_o most_o usual_a place_n of_o resort_v for_o the_o fleet_n which_o come_v from_o the_o west-indies_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o conveniency_n of_o its_o harbour_n it_o be_v of_o such_o importance_n that_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o recommend_v the_o preservation_n of_o it_o above_o all_o thing_n to_o his_o son_n philip_z the_o second_o with_o that_o of_o flushing_n and_o la_fw-fr goulete_a antiquity_n show_v here_o a_o temple_n dedicate_v to_o hercules_n with_o two_o pillar_n either_o of_o brass_n or_o silver_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o pillar_n of_o that_o hero_n as_o well_o as_o the_o two_o mountain_n of_o the_o strait_n of_o gibraltar_n julius_n caesar_n be_v say_v to_o have_v weep_v in_o this_o temple_n at_o the_o remembrance_n of_o the_o prodigious_a conquest_n which_o alexander_n the_o great_a have_v make_v at_o the_o age_n of_o thirty_o three_o year_n and_o whereof_o the_o consideration_n carry_v he_o to_o such_o high_a enterprise_n as_o that_o of_o xenophon_n cyrus_n have_v do_v scipio_n the_o name_n of_o andalusian_o be_v give_v to_o the_o moriscoe_n who_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o andalousia_n and_o granada_n that_o of_o tagarin_n to_o those_o of_o arragon_n and_o catalonia_n the_o kingdom_n of_o granada_n under_o its_o last_o moorish_a king_n who_o lose_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1421._o be_v much_o rich_a and_o more_o populous_a than_o it_o be_v at_o present_a it_o be_v also_o much_o more_o fertile_a the_o moor_n have_v a_o thousand_o invention_n to_o water_n their_o land_n with_o rivulet_n and_o trench_n by_o cause_v water_n to_o be_v bring_v thither_o from_o great_a pond_n which_o they_o make_v in_o the_o mountainâ—_n which_o be_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o la_fw-fr sierra-navada_a the_o situation_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o the_o disposition_n of_o its_o town_n be_v conformable_a to_o the_o description_n julius_n caesar_n give_v
schismatic_n in_o black_a russia_n who_o first_o of_o all_o acknowledge_v he_o of_o kiou_n and_o then_o the_o greek_a patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n there_o be_v in_o this_o state_n several_a other_o sect_n here_o gentleman_n be_v equal_a the_o distinction_n and_o precedence_n proceed_v only_o from_o the_o public_a office_n they_o stand_v possess_v of_o they_o serve_v at_o their_o own_o cost_n in_o time_n of_o war_n but_o do_v not_o stay_v long_o in_o the_o campagne_n their_o infantry_n be_v common_o compose_v of_o foreigner_n the_o garment_n of_o the_o polander_n be_v long_o have_v their_o beard_n shave_v off_o their_o chin_n only_o one_o tough_a of_o hair_n upon_o their_o head_n upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o casimir_n the_o first_o one_o of_o their_o king_n who_o they_o take_v out_o of_o a_o cloister_n he_o be_v in_o in_o france_n to_o place_v he_o upon_o their_o throne_n they_o be_v almost_o all_o handsome_a well_o shape_v well_o proportion_v know_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o latin_a tongue_n the_o use_n of_o spice_n be_v very_o common_a and_o with_o they_o in_o great_a request_n they_o misuse_v their_o peasant_n in_o consequence_n of_o the_o absolute_a power_n they_o have_v over_o they_o which_o certain_o do_v occasion_v the_o revolt_n of_o the_o cossaques_n and_o afterward_o all_o the_o disorder_n of_o the_o kingdom_n their_o cavalary_n be_v so_o considerable_a that_o if_o they_o be_v well_o unite_v they_o may_v bring_v into_o the_o field_n a_o hundred_o thousand_o horse_n the_o confidence_n they_o have_v therein_o and_o the_o fear_n of_o render_v a_o king_n or_o citizen_n too_o powerful_a have_v incline_v they_o in_o all_o time_n to_o neglect_v their_o fortress_n their_o usual_a arm_n be_v their_o scimitar_n the_o sword_n the_o battle_n axe_n carabine_n and_o arrow_n the_o cossaques_n have_v ever_o form_v a_o militia_n and_o not_o a_o particular_a nation_n at_o the_o first_o they_o be_v volunteer_n make_v incursion_n upon_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o lesser_a tartar_n these_o last_o call_v they_o by_o the_o name_n of_o roux_n because_o their_o country_n make_v a_o part_n of_o russia_n king_n battori_n reduce_v they_o into_o a_o body_n and_o join_v thereto_o two_o thousand_o horse_n to_o who_o he_o appoint_v the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o his_o demesne_n for_o which_o reason_n they_o be_v call_v quartian_n they_o have_v power_n of_o choose_v and_o of_o depose_v their_o general_n who_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o their_o king_n their_o number_n be_v first_o of_o all_o six_o thousand_o afterward_o forty_o thoufull_a sand_n and_o now_o since_o twenty_o thousand_o their_o abode_n be_v in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o volhinia_n and_o of_o podolia_n which_o be_v call_v ukrain_n that_o be_v to_o say_v frontier_n this_o country_n be_v by_o much_o the_o most_o fertile_a and_o the_o best_a inhabit_v of_o all_o poland_n so_o many_o fortify_v burough_n have_v be_v there_o make_v since_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o age_n and_o so_o full_a be_v it_o of_o inhabitant_n that_o in_o the_o late_a war_n there_o be_v reckon_v at_o the_o same_o time_n two_o hundred_o thousand_o cossaques_n beside_o a_o hundred_o and_o fourscore_o thousand_o tartar_n and_o as_o many_o polander_n in_o arms._n there_o be_v cossaques_n who_o have_v their_o retreat_n in_o some_o isle_n of_o the_o boristhenes_n which_o be_v not_o navigable_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o cataract_n or_o fall_n which_o they_o call_v porowis_n their_o custom_n be_v former_o to_o put_v to_o sea_n with_o several_a light_a ship_n and_o to_o go_v plunder_v the_o coast_n of_o the_o grand_a signior_n upon_o the_o black_a sea_n since_o they_o confederate_v with_o the_o lesser_a tartar_n and_o have_v likewise_o court_v the_o protection_n of_o the_o muscovite_n and_o that_o of_o the_o grand_a signior_n who_o give_v they_o in_o his_o name_n a_o prince_n for_o the_o ukrain_n insomuch_o that_o we_o may_v say_v that_o the_o felony_n of_o the_o cossaques_n the_o irruption_n of_o the_o suede_n under_o carolus_n gustavus_n the_o tumult_n and_o irresoluon_n of_o the_o muscovite_n the_o continual_a harassing_n of_o the_o lesser_a tartar_n the_o invasion_n of_o ragotski_n prince_n of_o transilvania_n the_o defection_n of_o several_a province_n the_o insurrection_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n the_o different_a faction_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o cabal_n of_o the_o neighbour_a nation_n to_o have_v a_o king_n elect_v have_v give_v a_o rude_a shock_n to_o this_o crown_n and_o this_o be_v what_o real_o move_v the_o grand_a signior_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o this_o realm_n after_o the_o take_n of_o candia_n poland_n have_v ten_o great_a part_n four_o towards_o the_o west_n upon_o the_o vistula_n poland_n mazovia_n gujavia_n royal_a prussia_n six_o towards_o the_o east_n on_o the_o west_n of_o the_o boristhenes_n lithuania_n samogitia_n polachia_n lesser_n russia_n volhinia_n podolia_n these_o province_n have_v be_v acquire_v for_o the_o most_o part_n either_o by_o arm_n or_o allyance_n they_o be_v divide_v into_o palatinate_n the_o palatinate_v into_o chastelleny_n the_o chastelleny_v into_o capitany_n the_o government_n of_o the_o place_n be_v call_v starostye_n beside_o these_o province_n there_o be_v a_o part_n of_o muscovy_n which_o have_v be_v yield_v to_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1634._o after_o that_o king_n ladislaus_n the_o four_o be_v yet_o but_o prince_n have_v the_o year_n forego_v glorious_o relieve_v the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n and_o reduce_v to_o extremity_n a_o army_n of_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o muscovite_n who_o be_v all_o constrain_v to_o ask_v his_o pardon_n as_o their_o prince_n to_o save_v their_o life_n this_o treaty_n which_o be_v call_v of_o viasma_n acquire_v to_o poland_n smolensko_n novogrodeck_n sovierski_n gzernihou_n and_o other_o place_n and_o by_o that_o same_o treaty_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n renounce_v his_o pretension_n upon_o muscovy_n the_o truce_n of_o 13_o year_n conclude_v on_o the_o 14_o of_o february_n in_o the_o year_n 1667._o leave_v the_o grand_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n in_o possession_n of_o smolensko_n until_o a_o certain_a term_n as_o well_o as_o in_o part_n of_o the_o ukrain_n on_o the_o east_n of_o the_o boristhenes_n and_o procure_v the_o restoration_n of_o dunembourg_n polosk_n and_o vitepski_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n poland_n the_o most_o populous_a of_o all_o the_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o high_a and_o low_a in_o the_o former_a be_v cracow_n where_o the_o coronation_n of_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n be_v perform_v and_o where_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o german_n italian_n and_o jew_n of_o cracow_n be_v the_o popish_a bishop_n st._n stanislaus_n who_o be_v kill_v by_o order_n of_o king_n bogislaus_n upon_o the_o confine_n of_o silesia_n stand_v the_o city_n of_o czentochow_n with_o the_o cloister_n of_o our_o lady_n of_o clermount_v a_o place_n extraordinary_a strong_a which_o the_o suede_n do_v 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more_o terrible_a so_o that_o we_o be_v not_o to_o wonder_v if_o pirard_n call_v they_o those_o devil_n of_o cafres_n the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n which_o lie_v towards_o the_o most_o southern_a part_n of_o this_o country_n be_v by_o much_o the_o long_a the_o most_o famous_a and_o the_o most_o dangerous_a cape_n in_o the_o world_n it_o be_v call_v so_o in_o hope_n of_o arrive_v sudden_o at_o the_o east-indies_n when_o it_o be_v veer_v in_o the_o year_n 1498._o before_o it_o have_v the_o name_n of_o the_o tempestuous_a cape_n from_o the_o storm_n that_o be_v frequent_a thereabouts_o some_o have_v call_v it_o the_o lion_n of_o the_o sea_n other_o the_o head_n of_o africa_n there_o be_v sign_n by_o which_o the_o sailor_n know_v when_o they_o be_v near_o it_o fifty_o or_o sixty_o league_n off_o they_o find_v the_o body_n of_o great_a reed_n call_v trombe_n float_v on_o the_o sea_n and_o they_o see_v fly_v a_o number_n of_o white_a bird_n mark_v with_o black_a spot_n they_o who_o return_v from_o the_o east-indies_n see_v troop_n of_o sea_n wolf_n make_v like_o bear_n and_o then_o they_o be_v continual_o sound_v this_o cape_n serve_v for_o bound_n to_o the_o east_n and_o west-india-company_n as_o they_o go_v to_o the_o east-indies_n and_o return_v from_o thence_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n come_v in_o ken_n of_o it_o the_o land_n enjous_a a_o temperate_a air_n several_a valley_n have_v herb_n and_o flower_n in_o abundance_n there_o be_v river_n full_a of_o fish_n and_o wood_n full_a of_o deer_n and_o cattle_n the_o inhabitant_n who_o make_v their_o garment_n of_o beasts-skin_n be_v very_o good_a at_o run_v but_o very_o villainous_a in_o their_o diet_n and_o when_o they_o speak_v you_o will_v think_v you_o hear_v turkeycock_n monomotapa_a which_o be_v entire_o in_o the_o terra_fw-la firma_fw-la be_v almost_o environ_v with_o cafreria_n it_o go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o its_o king_n whereas_o king_n common_o go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o country_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o '_o they_o it_o be_v fertile_a abound_v in_o ivory_n and_o so_o rich_a in_o gold_n that_o the_o king_n of_o it_o be_v call_v the_o golden_a emperor_n the_o inhabitant_n who_o be_v very_o superstitious_a have_v pike_n bow_n and_o arrow_n for_o their_o arm_n several_a of_o they_o be_v so_o swift_a of_o foot_n that_o they_o equal_a horse_n in_o run_v the_o common_a people_n only_o wear_v garment_n below_o their_o middle_n a_o relation_n that_o be_v publish_v in_o the_o year_n 1631_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o king_n then_o reign_v be_v baptize_v with_o all_o his_o court_n by_o the_o jesuit_n this_o prince_n be_v common_o adorn_v with_o chain_n and_o jewel_n like_o a_o bride_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v for_o his_o usual_a guard_n a_o regiment_n of_o woman_n and_o another_o of_o dog_n and_o that_o in_o the_o army_n those_o woman_n do_v not_o less_o service_n than_o the_o men._n the_o prince_n who_o pay_v he_o tribute_n receive_v every_o year_n fire_v from_o he_o for_o a_o mark_n of_o the_o fealty_n they_o owe_v he_o the_o city_n which_o be_v the_o most_o considerable_a have_v the_o same_o name_n with_o the_o kingdom_n zimbaoe_n be_v a_o square_a fortress_n and_o the_o abode_n of_o the_o court_n monoemugi_a be_v a_o state_n on_o the_o north_n of_o monomotapa_a the_o giaques_n otherwise_o call_v gall_n and_o chava_n border_n upon_o it_o and_o be_v illustrious_a for_o their_o valour_n and_o for_o their_o conquest_n which_o they_o have_v make_v in_o our_o time_n over_o abissinia_n in_o the_o upper_a aethiopia_n zanguebar_v zanguebar_v of_o barbary_n be_v a_o great_a coast_n in_o the_o oriental_a part_n of_o africa_n along_o the_o indian-sea_n on_o each_o side_n the_o equinoctial_a it_o be_v a_o low_a fenny_a woody_a country_n which_o by_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o
not_o willing_o allow_v stranger_n entrance_n into_o their_o country_n the_o great_a wall_n or_o rather_o the_o entrenchment_n of_o above_o four_o hundred_o league_n which_o they_o cause_v former_o to_o be_v make_v be_v a_o work_n that_o have_v have_v more_o renown_n than_o effect_n the_o tartar_n have_v often_o overrun_v china_n notwithstanding_o this_o obstacle_n those_o who_o have_v say_v that_o china_n be_v but_o one_o city_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o numerousness_n of_o its_o people_n have_v likewise_o say_v that_o a_o no_o less_o considerable_a wall_n be_v require_v to_o be_v proportionable_a to_o the_o grandeur_n of_o such_o a_o town_n it_o be_v hardly_o credible_a that_o in_o this_o fortification_n the_o stone_n be_v seven_o fathom_v high_a and_o five_o broad_a as_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v by_o the_o chinese_n if_o we_o may_v believe_v their_o history_n the_o hostility_n of_o the_o tartar_n have_v be_v exercise_v for_o above_o four_o thousand_o year_n the_o chinese_n horse_n can_v endure_v the_o sight_n of_o those_o of_o tartary_n the_o late_a year_n have_v cause_v strange_a revolution_n in_o this_o kingdom_n after_o that_o the_o rebel_n have_v act_v as_o sovereign_n the_o tartar_n under_o their_o emperor_n xunchi_n have_v conquer_v all_o their_o country_n in_o less_o than_o seven_o year_n time_n and_o that_o since_o the_o year_n 1643_o the_o militia_n be_v not_o very_o considerable_a man_n of_o learning_n domineer_v over_o man_n of_o the_o sword_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v that_o the_o state_n only_o subsist_v by_o policy_n by_o numerous_a arm_n and_o not_o by_o the_o valour_n of_o its_o people_n the_o principal_a chief_n be_v call_v mandarin_n at_o present_a the_o tartar_n have_v tartarian_a officer_n and_o chinese_n officer_n below_o his_o vice-roys_n of_o who_o some_o be_v for_o arm_n and_o other_o for_o learning_n this_o change_n have_v the_o sword_n wrought_v over_o the_o gown_n and_o the_o poor_a mandarin_n be_v no_o long_o in_o a_o state_n to_o do_v justice_n with_o so_o much_o pomp_n and_o pride_n as_o they_o former_o do_v paganism_n be_v there_o general_o receive_v nevertheless_o virtue_n among_o they_o be_v in_o a_o high_a esteem_n the_o public_a be_v more_o rich_a proportionable_o as_o particular_a person_n be_v write_v be_v manage_v from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n it_o have_v above_o sixty_o thousand_o letter_n and_o have_v not_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o word_n which_o be_v almost_o all_o monosyllable_n whereas_o the_o european_n have_v many_o word_n &_o few_o letter_n the_o chineses_n have_v many_o letter_n and_o few_o word_n which_o they_o pronounce_v with_o divers_a tone_n according_a to_o their_o signification_n so_o as_o we_o may_v say_v their_o speech_n be_v only_o sing_v it_o be_v great_a city_n be_v call_v furio_n the_o lesser_a câ—u_n the_o chineses_n love_v their_o hair_n to_o that_o degree_n that_o several_a among_o they_o choose_v rather_o to_o die_v than_o to_o be_v shave_v conformable_o to_o the_o tartar_n command_n swine_n flesh_n be_v with_o they_o a_o most_o exquisite_a dish_n before_o the_o come_n of_o the_o tartar_n yellow_n be_v the_o king_n and_o black_a the_o people_n usual_a wear_v all_o china_n be_v divide_v into_o sixteen_o province_n each_o of_o which_o be_v worth_a more_o than_o large_a kingdom_n ten_o of_o they_o lie_v towards_o the_o south_n yunnan_n quansi_fw-la canton_n fuquiem_n chequiam_fw-la nanxin_n kiamsi_n huquam_fw-la suscuem_fw-la and_o quicheu_fw-la the_o six_o towards_o the_o north_n be_v xensi_fw-la sciansi_fw-la honan_n xantung_n pekin_n and_o leaorung_n which_o several_a have_v call_v cathai_n whereas_o they_o give_v the_o name_n of_o mangi_n to_o the_o southern_a province_n canton_n have_v a_o town_n of_o the_o great_a trade_n and_o riches_n of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n from_o thence_o be_v transport_v rice_n sugar_n varnish_n which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o rind_n of_o tree_n and_o pearl_n that_o be_v fish_v near_o the_o isle_n of_o ainaon_n macao_n in_o a_o island_n of_o the_o same_o name_n surround_v with_o several_a other_o small_a island_n and_o rock_n be_v people_v with_o portugal_n who_o have_v fortify_v it_o after_o a_o extraordinary_a manner_n since_o they_o be_v attack_v by_o the_o hollander_n in_o the_o year_n 1622._o this_o city_n entertain_v a_o great_a commerce_n between_o china_n and_o europe_n this_o commerce_n be_v much_o diminish_v they_o have_v no_o long_o two_o hundred_o for_o a_o hundred_o profit_n as_o they_o have_v former_o and_o now_o the_o hollander_n have_v get_v foot_v in_o the_o kingdom_n whereas_o they_o be_v former_o exclude_v from_o thence_o because_o the_o chineses_n have_v a_o prophecy_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v subdue_v by_o people_n who_o have_v blue_a eye_n this_o have_v be_v verify_v by_o the_o come_n of_o the_o tartar_n the_o right_a alone_a for_o the_o trade_n of_o salt_n be_v worth_a every_o year_n above_o fifteen_o hundred_o thousand_o liver_n to_o the_o king_n of_o china_n the_o small_a isle_n of_o sanchoan_n be_v know_v for_o the_o death_n of_o the_o popish_a saint_n xavier_n fuquiem_n produce_v pure_a gold_n pepper_n sugar_n and_o calamint_n the_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o china_n be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o that_o we_o have_v they_o esteem_v the_o pistol_n and_o rial_n of_o spain_n the_o island_n formosa_fw-la have_v a_o mine_n of_o gold_n which_o the_o hollander_n have_v in_o possession_n for_o a_o long_a while_n in_o the_o year_n 1661._o they_o be_v drive_v thence_o by_o a_o chinese_n call_v coceinga_n a_o tailor_n be_v son_n the_o isle_n of_o tayovan_n half_o a_o league_n from_o formosa_fw-la be_v a_o island_n whither_o people_n resort_n in_o all_o season_n of_o the_o year_n without_o be_v oblige_v to_o wait_v for_o the_o monzoon_n in_o the_o year_n 1632_o the_o hollander_n make_v a_o fort_n there_o of_o four_o bastion_n face_v with_o hew_v stone_n which_o serve_v they_o to_o take_v the_o isle_n of_o formosa_fw-la chequiam_fw-la have_v temple_n wherein_o be_v rich_a idol_n nankin_n have_v a_o town_n of_o the_o same_o name_n former_o the_o abode_n of_o the_o court_n the_o most_o esteem_v of_o china_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o its_o beauty_n the_o fertility_n of_o its_o soil_n its_o fine_a edifice_n its_o great_a commerce_n the_o river_n kiang_n which_o we_o call_v the_o river_n blow_v and_o the_o chinese_n the_o son_n of_o the_o sea_n because_o that_o its_o common_a breadth_n exceed_v two_o of_o our_o league_n with_o the_o river_n jaune_n and_o the_o royal_a channel_n it_o afford_v the_o mean_n of_o go_v to_o pekin_n by_o boat_n and_o of_o trade_n to_o pekin_n by_o rivers_n disembarking_a only_o at_o the_o mountain_n muilin_n there_o be_v near_o nankin_n a_o tower_n of_o porcelain_n nine_o story_n or_o vault_n above_o one_o another_o with_o a_o hundred_o and_o fourscore_o and_o four_o step_n schanchay_n be_v the_o most_o usual_a station_n of_o the_o king_n fleet_n kiamzi_n pass_v for_o the_o most_o populous_a province_n it_o alone_o have_v water_n proper_a for_o the_o perfection_n of_o porcelain_n when_o they_o apply_v to_o it_o the_o tincture_n of_o azure_a vermilion_a or_o yellow_a the_o late_a voyage_n that_o have_v be_v make_v into_o the_o inland_n of_o china_n have_v inform_v we_o that_o porcelain-ware_n be_v not_o make_v of_o the_o shell_n of_o the_o sea_n nor_o of_o eggshell_n pound_v as_o several_a have_v believe_v it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o sand_n or_o earth_n peculiar_a to_o certain_a canton_n of_o the_o country_n where_o it_o be_v find_v in_o rock_n for_o the_o make_v it_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o this_o earth_n remain_v bury_v a_o age_n as_o some_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o affirm_v the_o chineses_n knead_v this_o sand_n and_o make_v cup_n of_o it_o which_o they_o set_v a_o bake_n in_o oven_n for_o the_o space_n of_o fifteen_o day_n and_o give_v they_o several_a figure_n the_o application_n of_o colour_n be_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a secret_n which_o the_o chineses_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o keep_v conceal_v from_o stranger_n huquam_fw-la yield_v so_o much_o rice_n and_o oil_n that_o the_o chineses_n have_v it_o in_o a_o proverb_n that_o they_o draw_v but_o one_o collation_n from_o each_o of_o the_o other_o province_n of_o china_n but_o from_o huquam_fw-la they_o have_v wherewith_o to_o live_v on_o a_o whole_a year_n xensi_fw-la do_v particular_o furnish_v musk_n its_o city_n of_o cancheu_fw-la have_v a_o great_a confluence_n of_o caravan_n siganfu_n have_v very_o ancient_a remnant_n of_o christianity_n sciansi_fw-fr hath_z vineyard_n from_o whence_o the_o jesuit_n have_v the_o wine_n they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o for_o the_o celebrate_n the_o mass_n before_o they_o be_v drive_v thence_o in_o the_o year_n 1665._o honan_n produce_v the_o best_a fruit_n in_o the_o world_n and_o in_o great_a quantity_n pekin_n otherwise_o peguin_n have_v a_o city_n of_o the_o same_o name_n the_o capital_a of_o all_o
they_o have_v several_a peculiar_a king_n the_o hollander_n have_v some_o fortress_n in_o the_o last_o age_n charles_n the_o five_o emperor_n send_v magellan_n to_o discover_v they_o who_o to_o arrive_v there_o steer_v the_o western_a course_n quite_o contrary_a to_o that_o which_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n have_v cause_v to_o be_v take_v since_o they_o be_v engage_v to_o the_o portugal_n who_o lay_v claim_v to_o they_o as_o have_v be_v there_o by_o the_o common_a way_n which_o be_v that_o of_o the_o east_n the_o government_n of_o these_o island_n after_o that_o be_v join_v to_o the_o manilhe_n and_o the_o commerce_n of_o they_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o portugal_n from_o hence_o be_v transport_v nutmeg_n clove_n and_o ginger_n ternate_a the_o great_a of_o the_o five_o small_a island_n be_v eight_o league_n in_o circuit_n and_o have_v a_o mountain_n which_o cast_v forth_o fire_n the_o other_o be_v tider_n very_o considerable_a motir_v machian_n and_o bachian_n the_o moluccoe_n be_v 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it_o be_v that_o in_o the_o council_n of_o basle_n a_o bishop_n of_o sueden_n demand_v of_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o assembly_n the_o precedence_n for_o his_o king_n over_o other_o christian_a prince_n the_o most_o authentic_a historian_n begin_v the_o enumeration_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sueden_n at_o biorno_n who_o be_v crown_v towards_o the_o year_n eight_o hundred_o and_o show_v that_o the_o kingdom_n be_v elective_a till_o the_o reign_n of_o gustavus_n de_fw-fr vaga_n who_o render_v it_o hereditary_a in_o his_o family_n in_o the_o year_n 1544._o and_o who_o at_o the_o same_o time_n abolish_v there_o the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n to_o follow_v the_o sect_n of_o luther_n this_o pretext_n of_o religion_n do_v likewise_o very_o much_o serve_v his_o son_n charles_n the_o 9th_o call_v of_o sudermania_n when_o he_o deprive_v his_o nephew_n sigismond_n of_o the_o crown_n who_o have_v be_v elect_v king_n of_o poland_n the_o three_o of_o that_o name_n and_o who_o successor_n unto_o casimir_n the_o three_o do_v keep_v the_o title_n of_o sueden_n the_o king_n of_o sueden_n style_v himself_o king_n of_o the_o suede_n of_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n great_a prince_n of_o finland_n duke_n of_o schonen_fw-mi estonia_n livonia_n carelia_n bremen_n verden_n stein_n pomerania_n gassubia_n vandalia_n prince_n and_o lord_n of_o ingria_n he_o bear_v in_o his_o arm_n three_o crown_n which_o sometime_o have_v be_v contest_v with_o he_o by_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n the_o present_a king_n be_v charles_n the_o 11_o of_o the_o palatine_a house_n of_o deux_fw-fr pont_n or_o twee-brugge_a the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n be_v note_v in_o history_n for_o their_o conquest_n the_o modern_a suede_n for_o the_o valour_n of_o their_o late_a king_n and_o for_o their_o acquisition_n over_o their_o neighbour_n which_o render_v they_o very_o potent_a on_o the_o baltic_a sea_n where_o they_o have_v more_o coast_n than_o all_o the_o prince_n together_o who_o confine_v upon_o it_o the_o peace_n of_o bromsbroo_n in_o the_o year_n 1645._o oblige_v the_o king_n of_o denmark_n to_o restore_v jempterland_n and_o herendal_n to_o sueden_n to_o yield_v to_o it_o the_o isle_n of_o gotland_n and_o of_o oeland_n to_o perpetuity_n with_o the_o province_n of_o halland_n for_o thirty_o year_n the_o peace_n of_o rotschil_n in_o the_o year_n 1658._o do_v entire_o cede_fw-la to_o sueden_n halland_n schonen_fw-mi wherein_o landscroon_n be_v become_v a_o very_a considerable_a town_n bleke_v wherein_o be_v the_o new_a port_n of_o carlscroon_n the_o isle_n of_o bornholme_n which_o be_v since_o return_v to_o denmark_n by_o the_o exchange_n of_o other_o land_n the_o fortress_n of_o bahus_n and_o the_o bayliwick_n of_o dronthem_n that_o of_o copenhagen_n in_o the_o year_n 1660._o confirm_v the_o treaty_n of_o roschild_n with_o reserve_v of_o the_o bayliwick_n of_o drontheim_n and_o purchase_v the_o isle_n of_o ween_v the_o
acquisition_n of_o sueden_n over_o the_o empire_n by_o the_o peace_n of_o osnabrug_n be_v the_o duchy_n of_o pomerania_n citerior_fw-la and_o in_o the_o ulterior_n stetin_n gartz_n dam_n golnau_n the_o isle_n and_o principality_n of_o rugen_n the_o isle_n and_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o other_o the_o dutchy_n of_o bremen_n and_o of_o verden_n the_o city_n the_o seignory_n and_o the_o port_n of_o wismar_n wildhusen_n in_o westphalia_n certain_a custom_n in_o the_o rest_n of_o pomerania_n and_o in_o the_o new_a marquisate_n of_o brandenbourg_n the_o war_n declare_v in_o the_o year_n 1675_o by_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o several_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n deprive_v sueden_n of_o many_o of_o these_o acquisition_n which_o it_o be_v restore_v to_o by_o the_o peace_n of_o nimeguen_n in_o the_o year_n 1679._o the_o treaty_n of_o oliva_n in_o the_o year_n 1660._o be_v so_o advantageous_a to_o sueden_n that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n do_v there_o make_v renunciation_n of_o the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o sueden_n for_o the_o future_a reserve_v only_o to_o himself_o the_o title_n during_o his_o life_n to_o other_o prince_n and_o likewise_o consent_v that_o lifeland_n shall_v henceforward_o be_v hereditary_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o sueden_n this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o lifeland_n on_o the_o north_n of_o the_o duna_n where_o the_o only_a place_n of_o dunembourg_n be_v reserve_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n conformable_a to_o the_o truce_n make_v at_o stumsdorf_n for_o twenty_o six_o year_n in_o the_o year_n 1635._o the_o peace_n with_o the_o muscovite_n procure_v restitution_n to_o sueden_n of_o all_o the_o grand_a duke_n or_o zar_n have_v take_v in_o lifeland_n the_o king_n of_o sueden_n have_v late_o very_o much_o augment_v his_o revenue_n by_o the_o reunion_n to_o his_o demesne_n of_o several_a land_n which_o have_v be_v alienate_v from_o it_o he_o pretend_v to_o the_o succession_n of_o gleves_n and_o of_o juliers_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o his_o great_a grandfather_n john_n duke_n of_o deux-ponts_n who_o marry_v magdelain_n the_o three_o sister_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o john_n william_n in_o the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o peasant_n make_v a_o body_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o order_n sueden_fw-mi possess_v part_n of_o scandinavia_n which_o be_v the_o best_a of_o it_o as_o be_v towards_o the_o east_n the_o cold_a be_v somewhat_o long_o in_o this_o country_n often_o very_o sharp_a to_o provide_v themselves_o against_o it_o the_o inhabitant_n do_v not_o make_v use_n of_o fur_n as_o they_o do_v in_o germany_n they_o have_v only_a nightcap_n glove_n of_o wool_n waist-coat_n and_o make_v great_a fire_n of_o the_o fuel_n they_o have_v plenty_n of_o they_o have_v so_o few_o sick_a people_n in_o their_o country_n that_o the_o physician_n and_o apothecary_n have_v hardly_o practice_n among_o they_o whereas_o barber_n be_v there_o in_o great_a request_n the_o minister_n and_o officer_n of_o justice_n do_v there_o keep_v inns._n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o province_n be_v all_o equal_o rich_a their_o great_a revenue_n consist_v in_o mine_n of_o copper_n from_o whence_o most_o of_o the_o european_n be_v furnish_v wherewith_o to_o make_v money_n their_o canon_n and_o their_o bell_n the_o city_n of_o stockholme_n alone_o have_v in_o its_o castle_n above_o a_o hundred_o piece_n of_o great_a artillery_n and_o there_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v above_o eight_o thousand_o in_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o review_n of_o the_o militia_n which_o be_v make_v in_o the_o year_n 1661._o there_o be_v reckon_v above_o fourscore_o thousand_o man_n in_o arms._n this_o country_n be_v full_a of_o wood_n and_o mountain_n afford_v very_o little_a corn_n in_o time_n of_o scarcity_n the_o poor_a eat_v often_o very_o bad_a bread_n it_o furnish_v butter_n suet_n hides_n skin_n pitch_n rosin_n mast_n post_n and_o plank_n the_o town_n be_v subject_a to_o fire_n the_o house_n be_v only_o build_v of_o wood._n the_o lake_n and_o gulf_n be_v there_o more_o considerable_a than_o the_o river_n trade_n be_v only_o drive_v upon_o the_o coast_n neither_o dare_v the_o ship_n venture_v upon_o that_o without_o a_o pilot_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o number_n of_o rockswith_n which_o it_o be_v beset_v the_o ice_n be_v here_o so_o strong_a and_o firm_a in_o winter_n that_o when_o it_o be_v but_o two_o inch_n thick_a it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v a_o man_n on_o foot_n wagon_n go_v on_o it_o with_o safety_n when_o it_o be_v half_a a_o foot_n thick_a the_o snow_n do_v there_o afford_v the_o mean_n of_o travel_v in_o sledge_n the_o horse_n in_o this_o country_n be_v proper_a for_o war_n they_o be_v very_o easy_o rear_v and_o rare_o sick_a they_o see_v as_o well_o almost_o by_o night_n as_o by_o day_n they_o carry_v their_o man_n swim_v with_o ease_n they_o leap_v great_a ditch_n they_o have_v so_o much_o courage_n and_o agility_n that_o they_o attack_z with_o their_o foot_n and_o tooth_n the_o enemy_n of_o those_o who_o mount_v they_o six_o great_a region_n be_v principal_o know_v under_o the_o name_n of_o sueden_n gotia_n sueden_n lapland_n finland_n ingria_n lifeland_n the_o three_o former_a towards_o the_o west_n the_o three_o other_o towards_o the_o east_n the_o gulf_n of_o finland_n between_o both_o and_o beside_o these_o the_o modern_a acquisition_n before_o specify_v gotia_n be_v divide_v into_o ostro-gotia_a and_o westro-gotia_a this_o last_o towards_o the_o ocean_n the_o former_a upon_o the_o baltic_a sea_n according_a to_o the_o like_a division_n the_o goth_n who_o subdue_v italy_n be_v call_v ostrogoth_n and_o those_o who_o render_v themselves_o master_n of_o spain_n visigoth_n calmar_n be_v a_o strong_a town_n and_o the_o place_n where_o the_o suede_n until_o now_o do_v embark_v for_o germany_n it_o be_v citadel_n be_v esteem_v in_o the_o northern_a country_n as_o much_o as_o that_o of_o milan_n in_o italy_n norkope_v have_v work_n and_o forge_v of_o copper_n which_o afford_v the_o european_n the_o conveniency_n of_o come_v to_o load_v cannon_n there_o lindkope_v the_o country_n of_o the_o historian_n olaus-magnus_n be_v remarkable_a for_o the_o victory_n of_o charles_n of_o sudermania_n since_o king_n of_o sueden_n there_o be_v several_a city_n in_o these_o part_n who_o name_n be_v thus_o terminate_v in_o kope_v which_o signify_v the_o place_n where_o the_o market_n be_v keep_v gottembourg_n a_o new_a town_n and_o have_v its_o seaport_n upon_o the_o ocean_n sueden_fw-mi proper_o take_v communicate_v its_o name_n to_o the_o other_o province_n of_o this_o state_n stockholme_n be_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n accompany_v with_o a_o royal_a castle_n and_o a_o seaport_n at_o the_o disgorge_v of_o the_o lake_n of_o meler_n whereof_o be_v former_o the_o conjunction_n propose_v with_o that_o of_o wener_n for_o the_o communicate_v the_o ocean_n and_o baltic_a sea_n and_o thus_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o sound_n this_o town_n be_v now_o better_o build_v and_o much_o rich_a than_o it_o be_v before_o the_o war_n of_o the_o suede_n in_o germany_n in_o the_o year_n 1641._o they_o begin_v to_o make_v the_o street_n in_o right_a line_n and_o to_o build_v their_o house_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o structure_n it_o be_v a_o safe_a harbour_n for_o ship_n which_o may_v ride_v there_o in_o security_n without_o anchor_n there_o be_v three_o channel_n which_o lead_v thither_o between_o several_a isle_n and_o rock_n the_o king_n ship_n remain_v at_o elsnappen_v the_o country_n round_o about_o be_v beautify_v with_o several_a fine_a house_n which_o the_o sovereign_n and_o most_o of_o the_o senator_n have_v cause_v to_o be_v build_v upsal_n accompany_v with_o a_o great_a castle_n be_v the_o metropolitan_a and_o former_o the_o place_n of_o the_o coronation_n of_o their_o king_n who_o abode_n it_o former_o be_v when_o in_o sueden_n be_v several_a kingdom_n that_o of_o upsal_n be_v ever_o the_o most_o considerable_a of_o they_o this_o city_n have_v a_o university_n and_o the_o most_o renown_a fair_n of_o all_o those_o part_n it_o be_v principal_a church_n be_v a_o stately_a building_n and_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v embellish_v and_o wainscote_v with_o gold_n now_o it_o be_v cover_v with_o copper_n lapland_n have_v no_o town_n only_o some_o habitation_n divide_v into_o five_o country_n which_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o their_o river_n the_o laplander_n be_v very_o low_a of_o stature_n the_o tall_a among_o they_o not_o exceed_v four_o foot_n in_o height_n they_o have_v no_o other_o clothes_n than_o of_o skin_n and_o when_o they_o be_v young_a they_o be_v so_o harden_v to_o the_o cold_a that_o they_o afterward_o undergo_v it_o with_o ease_n when_o without_o habiliment_n they_o have_v neither_o wool_n nor_o flax_n nor_o hemp_n they_o have_v blade_n of_o copper_n which_o they_o call_v cipons_n which_o they_o exchange_v for_o