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A57589 Sir Walter Raleigh's Sceptick, or speculations and Observations of the magnificency and opulency of cities, his Seat of government, and letters to the Kings Majestie, and others of qualitie : also, his demeanor before his execution.; Sceptick Raleigh, Walter, Sir, 1552?-1618.; James I, King of England, 1566-1625. 1651 (1651) Wing R186A; ESTC R9285 29,117 153

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the first sort of Men to wit of those that live by their own labour they have never been displeased where they have been suffered to enjoy the fruit of their own travels Meum Tuum Mine and Thine is all wherein they seek the certaintie and protection True it is that they are the Fruit-Trees of the Land which God in Deuteronomie commanded to be spared they gather honey and hardly enjoy the wax and break the ground with great labour giving the best of their grain to the easefull and idle For the second sort which are the Merchants as the first feed the Kingdom so do these enrich it yea their trades especially those which are forcible are not the least part of our Martial Policie as hereafter proved and to do them right they have in all ages and times assisted the Kings of this Land not onely with great sums of money but with great Fleets of Ships in all their enterprises beyond the seas The second have seldom or never offended their Princes to enjoy their trades at home upon tolerable conditions hath ever contented them for the injuries received from other Nations give them but the Commission of Reprisal they will either Right themselves or sit down with their own loss without complaint 3. The third sort which are the Gentrie of England these being neither seated in the lowest grounds thereby subject to the biting of every beast nor in the highest Mountains and thereby in danger to be torn with tempest but the Valleys between both have their parts in the inferiour Justice and being spred over all are the Garrisons of good order throughout the Realm Sir WALTER RALEIGH'S LETTERS Sir Walter Raleigh's Letter to Mr Secretary Winwood before his Iourney to Guiana Honourable SIR I Was lately perswaded by two Gentlemen my ancient Friends to acquaint your Honour with some offers of mine made heretofore for a Journey to Guiana who were of opinion That it would be better understood now than when it was first propounded which advice having surmounted my dispair I have presumed to send unto your Honour the Copies of those Letters which I then wrote both to his Majestie and to the Treasurer Cecill wherein as well the reasons that first moved me are remembered as the objections by him made are briefly answered What I know of the riches of that place not by hear-say but what mine eyes hath seen I have said it often but it was then to no end Because those that had the greatest trust were resolved not to believe it not because they doubted the Truth but because they doubted my Disposition towards themselves where if God had blessed me in the enterprise I had recovered his Majesties favour and good opinion Other cause than this or other suspition they never had any Our late worthy Prince of Wales was extream curious in searching out the Nature of my offences The Queens Majestie hath informed her self from the beginning The King of Denmark at both times of his being here was throughly satisfied of my innocency they would otherwise never have moved his Majestie on my behalf The Wife the Brother and the Son of a King do not use to sue for men suspect but Sir since they all have done it out of their charitie and but with references to me alone Your Honour whose respect hath onely relation to his Majesties service strengthened by the example of those Princes may with the more hardness do the like being Princes to whom his Majesties good estate is no less dear and all men that shall oppugne it no less hatefull than to the King himself It is true Sir That his Majestie hath sometimes answered That his Councel knew me better than he did meaning some two or three of them And it was indeed my infelicitie for had his Majestie known me I had never been here where I now am or had I known his Majestie they had never been so long there where they now are His Majestie not knowing of me hath been my ruin and his Majesties misknowing of them hath been the ruin of a goodly part of his estate but they are all of them now some living and some dying come to his Majesties knowledge But Sir how little soever his Majestie knew me and how much soever he believed them yet have I been bound to his Majestie both for my Life and all that remains of which but for his Majestie nor Life nor ought else had remained In this respect Sir I am bound to yield up the same life and all I have for his Majesties service to die for the King and not by the King is all the ambition I have in the world Walter Raleigh Sir Walter Raleighs's Letter to his Wife from Guiana Sweet Heart I Can yet write unto you but with a weak hand for I have suffered the most violent Calenture for fifteen days that ever man did and lived but God that gave me a strong heart in all my adversities hath also now strengthened it in the hell-fire of heat We have had two most grievous sicknesses in our Ship of which fourtie two have died and there are yet many sick but having recovered the land of Guiana this 12 of November I hope we shall recover them We are yet two hundred men and the rest of our Fleet are reasonable strong strong enough I hope to perform what we have undertaken if the diligent care at London to make our strength known to the Spanish King by his Ambassadour have not taught the Spanish King to fortifie all the enterances against us howsoever we must make the Adventure and if we perish it shall be no honour for England nor gain for his Majestie to loose among many other an hundred as valiant Gentlemen as England hath in it Of Captain Baylies base coming from us at the Canaries see a Letter of Kemishes to Mr Skory of the unnatural weather storms and rains and winds He hath in the same letter given a touch of the way that hath ever been sailed in fourteen days now hardly performed in fourtie days God I trust will give us comfort in that which is to come In passage to the Canaries I stayed at Gomerah where I took water in peace because the Countrey durst not denie it me I received there of an English race a Present of Oranges Lemons Quinces and Pome-granates without which I could not have lived those I preserved in fresh sands and I have of them yet to my great refreshing Your son had never so good health having no distemper in all the heat under the Line All my servants have escaped but Crab and my Cook yet all have had the sickness Crofts and March and the rest are all well Remember my service to my Lord Carew and Mr Secretarie Winwood I write not to them for I can write of nought but miseries yet of men of sort we have lost our Serjeant Major Captain Pigott and his Lieuetenant Captain Edward Hastings who
the enlargement and enriching of a citie The command of a Countrie that affordeth some proper commoditie is of it self sufficient mightily to bring a Citie to great wealth and to advance it to great power and draweth thereby dependencie and concourse much advantagious also as well for the publick weal as the private person A Citie also may be Lord of much Merchandize and traffick by means of the commodious scituation to many Nations to whom it serveth and hath relation to as Ware-houses Roomth and Store-houses by reason whereof the nations adjoyning do use to resort thereunto to make their provisions of such things And this consisteth in the largeness of the Ports the fitness of the gulphs and creeks of the seas in the Navigable rivers and channels and the plain and safe ways that leadeth to the Citie or that come or turn by or near it Priviledge and freedom from Customs and exactions doth greatly increase the Trade and draw inhabitants to a citie whereby the same may become both rich and powerfull whereof the Marts and Fairs and Markets bear good witness which are frequented with great concourse of people Tradesmen and Merchants for no other respect but that they are there free and frank from Customs and exactions And the cities in Flanders are lively testimonies hereof where the Customs are very small By reason whereof all such as have erected new Cities in times past to draw concourse of people unto it have granted large immunities and priviledges at the least to the first inhabitants thereof The like have they done that have restored Cities emptied with Plague consumed with Wars or afflicted with Famin or some other scourge of God In respect whereof Freedom of Cities hath been often granted to such as would with their families inhabit there or would bring Corn and other necessaries for provision of victual The Romans to increase their Cities made the Towns that well deserved of them which they after called Municipia to be partakers of their franchises and priviledges The first means the Romans used to allure people to make their habitations rather in Rome than else where was the opening the Sanctuarie and giving libertie and freedom to all that would come unto them In respect whereof there flocked thither with their goods numbers of people that were either racked with exactions thrust out of their habitations or unsafe or unsure for their lives in their own Countreys for Religion sake The very same reason in a manner hath increased so much the citie of Geneva forasmuch as it hath offered entertainment to all commers out of France and Italie that have either forsaken or been exiled their Countreys for Religious sake Likewise triumphs goodly buildings battels on the water fights of sword-players hunting of wild beasts publick shows and sights plays solemnized with great pomp and preparation and many other such things do draw the curious people to a citie inspeakably which leaves behind them much treasure and for such cause will rather settle themselves to inhabit there than in other places This was also the devise of Rome in her infancie to enlarge her self The Causes that Concern the Magnificencie of a CITIE TO confirm a Citie in her Greatness Iustice Peace and Plentie are the undoubted means for Iustice assureth every man his own Peace causeth all Arts and negotiations whatsoever to flourish and Plentie of food and victual that sustaineth the life of Man with ease and much contentment To conclude All those things that cause the Greatness of a Citie are also fit to conserve the same Sir Walter Raleigh's Seat of GOVERNMENT That the Seat of Government is upheld by the two great pillars thereof viz. Civil Justice and Martial Policie which are framed out of Husbandrie Merchandize and Gentrie of this Kingdom THey say that the goodliest CEDARS which grow on the high mountains of Libanus thrust their roots between the clifts of hard Rocks the better to bear themselves against the strong storms that blow there As Nature hath instructed those kings of Trees so hath Reason taught the Kings of Men to root themselves in the hardie Hearts of their faithfull Subjects And as those kings of Trees have large Tops so have the Kings of Men large Crowns whereof as the first would soon be broken from their bodies were they not underborn by many branches so would the other easily tytter were they not fastened on their heads with the strong chains of Civil Iustice and Martial Discipline 1. For the administration of the first even God himself hath given direction Judges and Officers shalt thou make which shall judge the People with righteous judgement 2. The second is grounded on the first Laws of the world and nature that Force is to be repelled by Force Yea Moses in the 20 of Exodus and else where hath delivered us many Laws and Policies of War But as we have heard of the neglect and abuse in both so have we heard of the decline and ruine of many Kingdoms and States long before our days for that Policie hath never yet prevailed though it hath served for a short season where the counterfeit hath been sold for the natural and the outward shew and formalitie for the substance Of the Emperor Charls the Fourth the writers of that age witness that he used but the name of Iustice and good order being more learned in the Law than in doing right and that he had by far more knowledge than conscience Certainly the unjust Magistrate that fancieth to himself a sollid and untrasparable bodie of Gold every ordinarie wit can vitrifie and make trasparant pierce and discern their corruptions howsoever because not daring they cover their knowledge but in the mean while it is also true That constrained dissimulation either in the proud heart or in the oppressed either in publick estates or in private persons where the fear of God is not prevalent doth in all the leisure of her lurking but sharpen her teeth the voluntarie being no less base than the forced malitious Thus it fared between the Barons of England and their Kings between the Lords of Switzerland their people between the Sicilians and the French between the Dolphine and Iohn of Burgoign between Charls the Ninth and the French Protestants and between Henry the third his successor and the Lords of Guise and hereof in place of more particulars the whole world may serve for examples It is a difficult piece of Geographie to delineate and lay out the bounds of Authority but it is easie enough to conceive the best use of it and by which it hath maintained it self in lasting happiness it hath ever acquired more honour by perswading than by beating for as the bonds of Reason and Love are immortal so do all other chains or cords both rustie and rot Noble parts of their own Royal and Politick bodies But we will forbear for a while to stretch this first string of Civil Iustice for in respect of