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france_n be_v in_o no_o apprehension_n because_o it_o be_v wash_v by_o the_o sea_n on_o that_o side_n and_o accommodate_v with_o port_n always_o full_a of_o ship_n partly_o of_o the_o king_n and_o partly_o of_o other_o petty_a prince_n sufficient_a to_o defend_v their_o coast_n from_o any_o sudden_a impression_n and_o against_o any_o thing_n premeditate_v they_o will_v have_v time_n enough_o to_o prepare_v for_o it_o require_v time_n to_o make_v a_o solemn_a invasion_n and_o the_o preparation_n will_v be_v discover_v by_o some_o body_n beside_o for_o further_a security_n there_o be_v always_o party_n of_o man_n at_o arm_n scour_v upon_o the_o coast_n their_o expense_n in_o keep_v of_o their_o town_n be_v not_o so_o great_a for_o the_o french_a subject_n be_v very_o dutiful_a and_o the_o fortress_n be_v not_o keep_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o on_o the_o border_n where_o garrison_n and_o by_o consequence_n expense_n will_v be_v more_o necessary_a those_o fly_a body_n 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to_o view_v and_o audit_n the_o account_n of_o all_o such_o as_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v in_o the_o king_n money_n as_o the_o general_n the_o treasurer_n and_o the_o receiver_n the_o university_n of_o paris_n be_v pay_v out_o of_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o college_n but_o very_o narrow_o the_o parliament_n be_v five_o of_o paris_n of_o rouen_n of_o tholose_a bordeaux_n and_o douphine_n from_o either_o of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o appeal_n the_o university_n first_o be_v but_o four_o at_z paris_z orleans_n bourgi_n and_o poitiers_n to_o which_o these_o at_o tours_n and_o angiers_n have_v be_v add_v since_o but_o they_o be_v very_o inconsiderable_a the_o stand_a army_n be_v a_o great_a both_o for_o number_n of_o man_n and_o artillery_n as_o the_o king_n please_v and_o be_v quarter_v and_o dispose_v according_a to_o order_n from_o
ultio_fw-la in_o quaestu_fw-la habetur_fw-la it_o be_v more_o natural_a to_o return_v a_o injury_n than_o a_o courtesy_n because_o courtesy_n be_v burdensome_a but_o revenge_n be_v sweet_a but_o if_o this_o ingratitude_n either_o in_o prince_n or_o people_n proceed_v not_o so_o much_o from_o avarice_n as_o suspicion_n in_o that_o case_n it_o be_v somewhat_o excusable_a and_o of_o that_o kind_n we_o read_v of_o good_a store_n as_o when_o a_o general_n have_v conquer_v a_o province_n or_o empire_n for_o his_o master_n when_o he_o have_v exterminate_v his_o enemy_n enrich_v his_o army_n and_o gain_v himself_o a_o great_a name_n it_o be_v impossible_a but_o he_o must_v be_v so_o acceptable_a to_o his_o own_o soldier_n and_o so_o dreadful_a to_o his_o enemy_n as_o must_v beget_v a_o jealousy_n in_o the_o prince_n for_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n be_v jealous_a and_o ambitious_a and_o not_o to_o be_v confine_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o his_o fortune_n it_o can_v be_v but_o if_o the_o prince_n have_v take_v a_o fancy_n that_o the_o glory_n of_o his_o general_n be_v a_o diminution_n to_o he_o the_o general_n must_v by_o some_o vainglorious_a or_o discontent_a action_n establish_v and_o confirm_v it_o and_o than_o what_o have_v the_o prince_n to_o do_v but_o to_o secure_v himself_o either_o by_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v murder_v by_o take_v away_o his_o command_n lessen_v his_o reputation_n with_o the_o soldier_n and_o people_n and_o by_o all_o way_n of_o industry_n possess_v they_o that_o the_o victory_n be_v not_o obtain_v by_o any_o conduct_n of_o he_o but_o by_o the_o kindness_n of_o fortune_n vileness_n of_o the_o enemy_n or_o prudence_n and_o good_a management_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o officer_n after_o vespasian_n be_v in_o judea_n be_v declare_v emperor_n by_o his_o army_n antonius_n primus_fw-la be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o illyria_n with_o another_o army_n declare_v for_o the_o emperor_n and_o march_v into_o italy_n against_o vitellius_n who_o be_v then_o paramount_n in_o rome_n and_o have_v beat_v he_o in_o two_o pitch_a battle_n he_o enter_v the_o city_n in_o the_o name_n of_o vespasian_n so_o that_o mutianus_n be_v send_v against_o vitellius_n by_o vespasian_n he_o find_v the_o enemy_n break_v the_o town_n take_v and_o all_o thing_n do_v by_o antonius_n to_o his_o hand_n and_o how_o be_v he_o requite_v why_o mutianus_n take_v away_o his_o commission_n remove_v he_o from_o the_o army_n and_o by_o degree_n so_o lessen_v his_o authority_n in_o rome_n that_o antonius_n go_v into_o asia_n to_o make_v his_o complaint_n to_o vespasian_n be_v receive_v so_o cold_o that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o be_v strip_v of_o all_o kind_n of_o authority_n and_o die_v very_o miserable_a and_o of_o this_o nature_n example_n be_v very_o frequent_a in_o history_n every_o body_n know_v how_o in_o our_o time_n gonsalvo_n ferrante_n be_v the_o king_n of_o arragon_n general_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n against_o the_o french_a behave_v himself_o so_o well_o that_o by_o his_o singular_a conduct_n he_o conquer_v it_o and_o put_v it_o whole_o under_o the_o obedience_n of_o his_o master_n who_o come_v afterward_o to_o naples_n himself_o take_v from_o he_o the_o command_n of_o his_o army_n dispossess_v he_o of_o many_o strong_a place_n which_o he_o hold_v in_o that_o country_n and_o carry_v he_o with_o he_o into_o spain_n where_o not_o long_o after_o he_o die_v in_o obscurity_n but_o there_o be_v no_o remedy_n these_o kind_n of_o jealousy_n be_v so_o natural_a to_o prince_n that_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a for_o they_o to_o be_v grateful_a to_o any_o man_n who_o have_v perform_v any_o great_a thing_n for_o they_o and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o with_o king_n no_o wonder_n if_o it_o be_v so_o with_o the_o people_n for_o in_o a_o free_a state_n they_o have_v always_o two_o principal_a end_n one_o be_v to_o enlarge_v their_o dominion_n the_o other_o to_o keep_v what_o they_o have_v get_v and_o their_o eagerness_n to_o both_o these_o make_v they_o so_o often_o guilty_a of_o ingratitude_n as_o to_o the_o first_o point_n we_o shall_v speak_v elsewhere_o the_o error_n in_o preserve_v their_o liberty_n to_o disgust_v such_o person_n as_o aught_o to_o be_v reward_v and_o to_o suspect_v such_o as_o ought_v to_o be_v trust_v and_o though_o such_o practice_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o great_a mischief_n in_o a_o corrupt_a commonwealth_n and_o tyranny_n do_v many_o time_n ensue_v as_o in_o rome_n by_o caesar_n who_o take_v that_o by_o force_n which_o the_o ingratitude_n of_o the_o people_n deny_v to_o his_o merit_n yet_o in_o a_o town_n that_o be_v entire_a and_o incorrupt_a they_o do_v very_o well_o and_o add_v much_o to_o the_o duration_n of_o their_o liberty_n to_o enforce_v great_a and_o ambitious_a man_n for_o fear_n of_o punishment_n to_o comport_v themselves_o better_a in_o my_o judgement_n of_o all_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o ever_o have_v empire_n rome_n be_v the_o least_o ingratful_a for_o the_o reason_n abovesaid_a there_o be_v never_o a_o example_n of_o its_o ingratitude_n but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o scipio_n for_o coriolanus_n and_o camillus_n be_v banish_v for_o their_o injury_n to_o the_o people_n and_o though_o one_o of_o they_o remain_v obstinate_a be_v never_o recall_v yet_o the_o other_o be_v not_o only_o recall_v but_o so_o restore_v to_o the_o affection_n of_o the_o people_n that_o all_o his_o life_n after_o they_o adore_v he_o as_o a_o prince_n but_o their_o jealousy_n of_o scipio_n be_v of_o such_o a_o sort_n as_o have_v never_o be_v know_v before_o proceed_v from_o the_o ornament_n of_o his_o body_n and_o the_o endowment_n of_o his_o mind_n his_o youth_n his_o wisdom_n his_o excellent_a qualification_n have_v render_v he_o too_o admirable_a the_o powerfulness_n of_o his_o enemy_n the_o danger_n and_o tediousness_n of_o the_o war_n which_o he_o have_v conclude_v in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n his_o deliberation_n in_o resolve_v and_o his_o quickness_n in_o execution_n have_v gain_v he_o a_o great_a reputation_n than_o be_v ever_o get_v by_o any_o general_n before_o he_o insomuch_o as_o the_o senator_n praetor_n and_o all_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n in_o the_o city_n begin_v to_o fear_v and_o respect_v he_o this_o be_v no_o please_a sight_n to_o the_o grave_a sort_n because_o it_o have_v not_o be_v former_o the_o custom_n in_o rome_n whereupon_o cato_n a_o man_n of_o great_a esteem_n for_o his_o piety_n and_o justice_n take_v up_o the_o cudgel_n against_o he_o and_o complain_v public_o that_o the_o city_n can_v not_o be_v call_v free_a while_o the_o magistrate_n be_v in_o awe_n of_o any_o particular_a citizen_n if_o then_o in_o a_o thing_n so_o near_o import_v their_o liberty_n the_o people_n follow_v the_o opinion_n of_o cato_n in_o my_o judgement_n they_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n to_o be_v excuse_v in_o short_a my_o opinion_n be_v as_o i_o say_v before_o that_o it_o be_v avarice_n and_o suspicion_n which_o make_v man_n ingrateful_a to_o the_o first_o of_o which_o the_o people_n be_v not_o natural_o addict_v and_o to_o the_o last_o with_o much_o less_o propensity_n than_o prince_n as_o have_v less_o occasion_n which_o shall_v be_v prove_v hereafter_o chap._n xxx_o what_o rule_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v by_o a_o prince_n or_o commonwealth_n to_o avoid_v this_o vice_n of_o ingratitude_n and_o how_o a_o general_n or_o great_a citizen_n be_v to_o demean_v himself_o to_o elude_v it_o to_o avoid_v the_o necessity_n of_o live_v always_o in_o suspicion_n and_o be_v ingrateful_a to_o his_o minister_n a_o prince_n ought_v to_o go_v personal_o with_o his_o army_n as_o be_v do_v at_o first_o by_o the_o emperor_n of_o rome_n as_o the_o great_a turk_n do_v now_o and_o as_o all_o they_o do_v and_o have_v do_v that_o be_v valiant_a and_o courageous_a for_o in_o so_o do_v the_o honour_n and_o profit_n of_o their_o victory_n accrue_v to_o themselves_o but_o where_o they_o be_v not_o present_a at_o their_o conquest_n themselves_o the_o honour_n redound_v upon_o their_o officer_n and_o they_o have_v not_o any_o complete_a enjoyment_n of_o their_o success_n till_o they_o have_v eclipse_v if_o not_o extinguish_v that_o glory_n in_o other_o people_n which_o they_o dare_v not_o venture_v for_o themselves_o so_o that_o their_o ingratitude_n and_o injustice_n to_o their_o officer_n do_v they_o more_o mischief_n than_o their_o conquest_n do_v they_o good_a but_o when_o out_o of_o negligence_n or_o imprudence_n they_o lie_v at_o home_n idle_a themselves_o and_o send_v their_o general_n in_o their_o stead_n know_v no_o better_a precept_n to_o give_v they_o than_o what_o they_o know_v already_o themselves_o as_o to_o the_o general_n if_o he_o find_v that_o jealousy_n inevitable_a he_o have_v his_o choice_n of_o two_o thing_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o war_n be_v end_v he_o be_v voluntary_o to_o lay_v
neighbour_a place_n which_o have_v be_v ancient_o their_o subject_n and_o because_o the_o tuscan_n refuse_v to_o submit_v they_o march_v confuse_o against_o they_o but_o they_o be_v reinforce_v by_o frederick_n give_v the_o roman_a army_n such_o a_o blow_n that_o since_o that_o time_n rome_n can_v never_o recover_v its_o old_a condition_n either_o for_o populousness_n or_o wealth_n upon_o these_o event_n pope_n alexander_n be_v return_v to_o rome_n presume_v he_o may_v be_v safe_a there_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o animosity_n the_o roman_n retain_v against_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o employment_n his_o enemy_n give_v he_o in_o lombardy_n but_o frederick_n postpone_v all_o other_o respect_n march_v with_o his_o army_n to_o besiege_v rome_n alexander_n think_v it_o not_o convenient_a to_o attend_v he_o but_o withdraw_v into_o puglia_n to_o william_n who_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o roger_n be_v next_o heir_n be_v make_v king_n frederick_n be_v much_o molest_v and_o weaken_a by_o a_o contagion_n in_o his_o army_n raise_v his_o siege_n and_o go_v back_o into_o germany_n the_o lombard_n which_o be_v in_o league_n against_o he_o to_o restrain_v their_o excursion_n and_o straighten_v the_o town_n of_o pavia_n and_o tortona_n cause_v a_o city_n to_o be_v build_v which_o they_o intend_v for_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o war_n and_o call_v it_o alexandria_n in_o honour_n to_o pope_n alexander_n and_o defiance_n to_o the_o emperor_n guido_n the_o new_a antipope_n die_v likewise_o and_o john_n of_o fermo_n be_v choose_v in_o his_o room_n who_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o imperial_a party_n be_v permit_v to_o keep_v his_o residence_n in_o monte_fw-fr fiascone_a whilst_o alexander_n be_v go_v into_o tuscany_n invite_v by_o that_o people_n that_o by_o his_o authority_n they_o may_v be_v the_o better_o defend_v against_o the_o roman_n be_v there_o ambassador_n come_v to_o he_o from_o henry_n king_n of_o england_n to_o clear_v their_o master_n innocence_n in_o the_o death_n of_o thomas_n becket_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n with_o which_o he_o be_v public_o and_o most_o infamous_o asperse_v becâ—et_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o truth_n the_o pope_n send_v two_o cardinal_n into_o england_n who_o notwithstanding_o they_o find_v not_o his_o majesty_n in_o any_o manifest_a guilt_n yet_o for_o the_o scandal_n of_o the_o fact_n and_o that_o he_o have_v not_o honour_v the_o say_a archbishop_n with_o the_o respect_n he_o deserve_v they_o prescribe_v as_o a_o penance_n that_o he_o shall_v call_v all_o the_o baron_n of_o his_o kingdom_n together_o swear_v his_o innocence_n before_o they_o send_v 200_o soldier_n to_o jerusalem_n to_o be_v pay_v by_o he_o for_o a_o twelvemonth_n and_o himself_o follow_v in_o person_n with_o as_o great_a a_o power_n as_o he_o can_v raise_v before_o three_o year_n be_v expire_v that_o he_o shall_v disannul_v all_o thing_n pass_v in_o his_o kingdom_n in_o prejudice_n to_o the_o ecclesiastic_a liberty_n and_o consent_n that_o any_o of_o his_o subject_n whatever_o shall_v appeal_v to_o rome_n when_o and_o as_o often_o as_o they_o think_v it_o convenient_a all_o which_o condition_n be_v ready_o accept_v and_o that_o great_a prince_n submit_v to_o a_o sentence_n there_o be_v scarce_o a_o private_a person_n but_o will_v scorn_v at_o this_o day_n but_o though_o his_o holiness_n be_v so_o formidable_a to_o the_o prince_n abroad_o he_o be_v not_o so_o terrible_a in_o rome_n the_o people_n in_o that_o city_n will_v not_o be_v â—oaksed_v nor_o persuade_v to_o let_v he_o live_v there_o though_o he_o protest_v he_o will_v meddle_v no_o far_o than_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v thing_n at_o a_o distance_n be_v more_o dreadful_a than_o near_o at_o hand_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n frederick_n be_v return_v into_o italy_n with_o resolution_n to_o make_v a_o new_a war_n upon_o the_o pope_n but_o whilst_o he_o be_v busy_a about_o his_o preparation_n his_o baron_n and_o clergy_n give_v he_o advertisement_n that_o they_o will_v all_o forsake_v he_o unless_o he_o reconcile_v himself_o to_o the_o church_n so_o that_o change_v his_o design_n he_o be_v force_v to_o go_v and_o make_v his_o submission_n at_o venice_n and_o pacification_n be_v make_v the_o pope_n in_o the_o agreement_n deve_v the_o emperor_n of_o all_o the_o authority_n he_o pretend_v over_o rome_n and_o name_v william_n king_n of_o sicily_n and_o puglia_n his_o confederate_n frederick_n be_v a_o active_a prince_n and_o unable_a to_o lie_v still_o embark_v himself_o in_o the_o enterprise_n into_o asia_n to_o spend_v his_o ambition_n against_o the_o turk_n which_o he_o can_v not_o do_v so_o effectual_o against_o the_o pope_n but_o be_v get_v as_o far_o as_o the_o river_n cidvo_n allure_v by_o the_o clearness_n and_o excellence_n of_o the_o water_n he_o will_v needs_o wash_v himself_o in_o it_o and_o that_o wash_n give_v he_o his_o death_n those_o water_n be_v more_o beneficial_a to_o the_o turk_n than_o all_o excommunication_n to_o the_o christian_n for_o whereas_o these_o only_o cool_v and_o assuage_v his_o ambition_n they_o wash_v it_o away_o and_o extinguish_v it_o quite_o frederick_n be_v dead_a nothing_o remain_v now_o to_o be_v supprese_v but_o the_o contumacy_n of_o the_o roman_n after_o much_o argument_n and_o dispute_n about_o their_o creation_n of_o consul_n it_o be_v conclude_v the_o roman_n according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n shall_v have_v liberty_n to_o choose_v they_o but_o they_o shall_v not_o execute_v their_o office_n till_o they_o have_v swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o church_n upon_o this_o accord_n john_n the_o antipope_n flee_v to_o monte_n albano_n and_o die_v present_o after_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n william_n king_n of_o naples_n die_v also_o and_o have_v leave_v no_o son_n but_o tanacred_a a_o bastard_n the_o pope_n design_v to_o have_v possess_v himself_o of_o his_o kingdom_n but_o by_o the_o opposition_n of_o the_o baron_n pope_n tanacred_a be_v make_v king_n afterward_o celestin_n iii_o come_v to_o the_o papacy_n and_o be_v desirous_a to_o wrest_v that_o kingdom_n from_o tanacred_a he_o contrive_v to_o make_v enrico_n frederick_n son_n king_n promise_v he_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v restore_v such_o land_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n and_o to_o facilitate_v the_o business_n he_o take_v costanza_n a_o ancient_a maid_n daughter_n to_o king_n william_n out_o of_o a_o monastery_n and_o give_v she_o he_o for_o his_o wife_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n pass_v from_o the_o norman_n who_o have_v found_v it_o and_o fall_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o german_n henricus_fw-la the_o emperor_n have_v first_o settle_v his_o affair_n in_o germany_n come_v into_o italy_n with_o his_o wife_n costanza_n and_o one_o of_o his_o son_n call_v frederick_n about_o four_o year_n of_o age_n and_o without_o much_o difficulty_n possess_v himself_o of_o that_o kingdom_n tanacred_a be_v dead_a and_o only_o one_o child_n remain_v of_o his_o issue_n call_v roger_n not_o long_o after_o enricus_n die_v in_o sicily_n he_o be_v succeed_v in_o that_o kingdom_n by_o frederick_n and_o otto_n duke_n of_o saxony_n choose_a emperor_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o pope_n innocent_a iii_o but_o no_o soon_o have_v he_o get_v the_o crown_n upon_o his_o head_n but_o contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o man_n he_o become_v enemy_n to_o the_o pope_n seize_v upon_o romania_n and_o give_v out_o order_n for_o the_o assault_a that_o kingdom_n upon_o which_o be_v excommunicate_v by_o the_o pope_n and_o desert_v by_o his_o friend_n frederick_z king_n of_o naples_n be_v choose_v emperor_n in_o his_o place_n the_o say_v frederick_n come_v to_o rome_n to_o be_v crown_v the_o pope_n scruple_v it_o be_v jealous_a of_o his_o power_n and_o endeavour_v to_o persuade_v he_o out_o of_o italy_n as_o he_o have_v do_v otto_n before_o which_o frederick_n disdain_v retire_v into_o germany_n and_o make_v war_n upon_o otto_n overcome_v he_o at_o last_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n innocent_n die_v who_o beside_o other_o magnificent_a work_n build_v the_o hospital_n di_fw-mi santo_n spirito_n at_o rome_n honorius_n iii_o succeed_v he_o in_o who_o papacy_n be_v institute_v the_o order_n of_o s._n dominick_n and_o s._n francis_n pope_n in_o the_o year_n mccxviii_o honorius_n crown_v frederick_n to_o who_o john_n 1218._o descend_v from_o baldwin_n king_n of_o jerusalem_n who_o command_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o christian_n in_o asia_n and_o retain_v that_o title_n give_v one_o of_o his_o daughter_n in_o marriage_n and_o the_o title_n of_o that_o kingdom_n in_o dower_n with_o she_o and_o from_o that_o time_n whoever_o be_v king_n of_o naples_n have_v that_o title_n annex_v in_o italy_n at_o that_o time_n they_o live_v in_o this_o manner_n the_o roman_n have_v no_o more_o the_o creation_n of_o consul_n annex_v but_o in_o lieu_n of_o it_o they_o invest_v sometime_o one_o
as_o the_o ready_a way_n to_o suppress_v he_o be_v glad_a to_o discharge_v nicholas_n of_o his_o imprisonment_n and_o send_v he_o to_o rome_n to_o resume_v his_o old_a office_n whereupon_o nicholas_n undertake_v the_o government_n once_o more_o and_o cause_v francisco_n to_o be_v execute_v but_o the_o colonnesi_n become_v his_o enemy_n by_o degree_n he_o himself_o be_v put_v to_o death_n by_o they_o and_o the_o senate_n restore_v to_o the_o exercise_n of_o its_o former_a authority_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n of_o the_o king_n of_o hungary_n have_v depose_v queen_n giovanna_n return_v to_o his_o own_o kingdom_n but_o the_o pope_n desire_v to_o have_v the_o queen_n his_o neighbour_n rather_o than_o that_o king_n and_o order_v thing_n so_o that_o the_o kingdom_n be_v restore_v upon_o condition_n her_o husband_n lewis_n renounce_v the_o title_n of_o king_n shall_v content_v himself_o with_o that_o of_o taranto_n year_n the_o year_n mcccl._n be_v come_v his_o holiness_n think_v fit_a that_o the_o jubilee_n appoint_v by_o pope_n boniface_n viii_o to_o be_v keep_v every_o hundred_o year_n shall_v be_v reduce_v to_o fifty_o and_o have_v pass_v a_o decree_n to_o that_o purpose_n in_o gratitude_n for_o so_o great_a a_o benefit_n the_o roman_n be_v content_v he_o shall_v send_v four_o cardinal_n to_o rome_n to_o reform_v their_o city_n and_o create_v what_o senator_n he_o please_v after_o which_o the_o pope_n declare_v lodovic_n of_o taranto_n king_n of_o naples_n again_o and_o giovanna_n high_o oblige_v by_o that_o favour_n naples_n give_v the_o church_n avignon_n which_o be_v part_n of_o her_o patrimony_n by_o this_o time_n luchïno_n visconti_n be_v dead_a john_n archbishop_n of_o milan_n remain_v sole_a lord_n and_o make_v several_a war_n upon_o tuscany_n and_o his_o neighbour_n become_v very_o considerable_a after_o his_o death_n the_o government_n fall_v to_o his_o two_o nephew_n bernardo_n and_o galeazzo_n but_o galeazzo_n die_v a_o while_n after_o he_o leave_v his_o son_n john_n galeazzo_n to_o share_v with_o his_o uncle_n in_o the_o state_n in_o these_o day_n pope_n charles_n king_n of_o bohemia_n be_v create_v emperor_n and_o innocent_a vi_o pope_n who_o have_v send_v cardinal_n giles_n a_o spaniard_n into_o italy_n by_o his_o virtue_n and_o the_o excellence_n of_o his_o conduct_n he_o recover_v the_o reputation_n of_o the_o church_n not_o only_o in_o rome_n and_o romagna_n but_o all_o italy_n over_o he_o recover_v bologna_n that_o have_v be_v usurp_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o milan_n he_o constrain_v the_o roman_n to_o admit_v a_o foreign_a senator_n every_o year_n of_o the_o pope_n nomination_n he_o make_v a_o honourable_a agreement_n with_o the_o visconti_n he_o fight_v and_o take_v prisoner_n john_n aguto_n a_o englishman_n who_o with_o four_o thousand_o english_a be_v entertain_v in_o tuscany_n pope_n upon_o the_o ghibilin_n account_n after_o these_o success_n urban_n v._o be_v pope_n he_o resolve_v to_o visit_v both_o italy_n and_o rome_n where_o charles_n the_o emperor_n come_v to_o meet_v he_o and_o have_v continue_v together_o several_a month_n pope_n charles_n return_v into_o his_o kingdom_n and_o the_o pope_n to_o avignon_n urban_n die_v and_o gregory_n xii_o succeed_v and_o because_o cardinal_n egidio_n be_v dead_a italy_n relapse_v into_o its_o former_a distraction_n occasion_v by_o the_o cabal_n of_o the_o people_n against_o the_o visconti_n france_n whereupon_o the_o pope_n at_o first_o send_v a_o legate_n into_o italy_n with_o six_o thousand_o britan_n after_o who_o he_o follow_v in_o person_n and_o re-establish_v his_o residence_n at_o rome_n in_o the_o year_n mccclxxvi_o after_o it_o have_v be_v keep_v in_o france_n lxxi_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o this_o pope_n urban_n vi._n be_v create_v not_o long_o after_o at_o fondi_n ten_o cardinal_n quarrel_v with_o his_o election_n antipope_n and_o pretend_v it_o be_v not_o fair_a create_v clement_n vii_o the_o genovese_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n who_o for_o several_a year_n have_v live_v quiet_o under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o visconti_n rebel_v betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o venetian_a there_o happen_v great_a war_n about_o the_o island_n of_o tenedos_n venetian_n in_o which_o war_n by_o degree_n all_o italy_n become_v concern_v and_o there_o it_o be_v that_o great_a gun_n be_v first_o use_v they_o be_v a_o german_a invention_n though_o for_o a_o while_o the_o genovese_n be_v predominant_a and_o hold_v venice_n block_v up_o for_o several_a month_n together_o yet_o in_o the_o conclusion_n the_o venetian_a have_v the_o better_a and_o make_v a_o advantageous_a peace_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o year_n 1381_o as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o there_o be_v a_o schism_n in_o the_o church_n and_o giovanna_n the_o queen_n favour_v the_o antipope_n whereupon_o pope_n urban_n practise_v against_o she_o and_o send_v carlo_n durazzo_n who_o be_v of_o the_o royal_a house_n of_o naples_n with_o a_o army_n into_o her_o kingdom_n who_o possess_v himself_o of_o her_o country_n and_o drive_v she_o away_o into_o france_n the_o king_n of_o france_n undertake_v her_o quarrel_n send_v lodovic_n d'_fw-fr angio_n to_o repossess_v the_o queen_n and_o force_n urban_n out_o of_o rome_n and_o set_v up_o the_o antipope_n but_o lodovic_n die_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o enterprise_n his_o army_n break_v up_o and_o return_v into_o france_n urban_n thereupon_o go_v over_o to_o naples_n and_o clap_v nine_o cardinal_n in_o prison_n for_o have_v side_v with_o france_n and_o the_o antipope_n after_o that_o he_o take_v it_o ill_o of_o the_o king_n that_o he_o refuse_v to_o make_v one_o of_o his_o nephew_n prince_n of_o capua_n but_o conceal_v his_o disgust_n he_o desire_v nocera_n of_o he_o for_o his_o habitation_n which_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v possess_v of_o he_o fortify_v and_o begin_v to_o cast_v about_o which_o way_n to_o deprive_v he_o of_o his_o kingdom_n the_o king_n take_v the_o alarm_n advance_v against_o nocera_n and_o besiege_v it_o but_o the_o pope_n escape_v to_o genova_n where_o he_o put_v the_o cardinal_n which_o be_v his_o prisoner_n to_o death_n from_o thence_o he_o go_v to_o rome_n and_o create_v 28_o new_a cardinal_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n charles_n king_n of_o naples_n go_v into_o hungary_n be_v proclaim_v king_n there_o and_o not_o long_o after_o kill_v he_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n to_o his_o wife_n and_o two_o child_n he_o have_v by_o she_o one_o call_v ladislao_n and_o the_o other_o giovanna_n john_n galeazzo_n visconti_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n have_v kill_v his_o uncle_n bernardo_n and_o possess_v himself_o of_o milan_n and_o not_o content_a to_o have_v make_v himself_o duke_n of_o milan_n he_o attempt_v upon_o tuscany_n but_o when_o he_o be_v in_o a_o fair_a way_n to_o have_v conquer_v it_o and_o to_o have_v make_v himself_o king_n of_o all_o italy_n 13_o he_o die_v urban_n vi_o die_v also_o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o boniface_n ix_o clâ—ment_n vii_o the_o antipope_n die_v likewise_o at_o avignon_n and_o benedict_n xiii_o be_v create_v in_o his_o room_n italy_n all_o this_o while_n be_v full_a of_o soldier_n of_o fortune_n english_a dutch_a and_o britan_n some_o of_o they_o command_v by_o prince_n which_o upon_o several_a occasion_n have_v be_v invite_v thither_o and_o some_o of_o they_o which_o have_v be_v send_v by_o the_o pope_n when_o their_o residence_n be_v at_o avignon_n with_o this_o medley_n of_o nation_n the_o prince_n of_o italy_n maintain_v their_o war_n many_o time_n till_o at_o length_n lodovico_n da_fw-mi conio_n romagnuolo_fw-la have_v train_v up_o a_o party_n of_o italian_n call_v the_o soldier_n of_o saint_n george_n by_o his_o valour_n and_o discipline_n lessen_v the_o reputation_n of_o the_o foreigner_n and_o make_v they_o afterward_o more_o useful_a and_o considerable_a in_o the_o italian_a war_n the_o pope_n upon_o certain_a difference_n which_o arise_v betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o roman_n remove_v to_o scesi_n where_o he_o remain_v till_o the_o jubilee_n in_o the_o year_n 1400._o at_o which_o time_n to_o invite_v he_o back_o again_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o city_n the_o roman_n condescend_v that_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o annual_a nomination_n of_o a_o foreign_a senator_n and_o be_v permit_v to_o fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o st._n angelo_n upon_o which_o condition_n be_v return_v to_o enrich_v the_o church_n he_o ordain_v that_o in_o every_o vacancy_n each_o benefice_n shall_v pay_v a_o annat_n into_o the_o chamber_n ecclesiastical_a after_o the_o death_n of_o john_n galeazzo_n duke_n of_o milan_n though_o he_o leave_v two_o son_n giovan-mari-angelo_n and_o philip_n the_o state_n be_v divide_v into_o many_o faction_n in_o the_o trouble_n which_o follow_v giovan-mari-angelo_n be_v slay_v and_o philip_n for_o some_o time_n keep_v prisoner_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o pavia_n but_o by_o the_o valour_n and_o allegiance_n of_o the_o governor_n
to_o achieve_v they_o be_v applaud_v at_o least_o not_o upbraid_v thereby_o but_o when_o they_o be_v unable_a to_o compass_v it_o and_o yet_o will_v be_v do_v than_o they_o be_v condemn_v and_o indeed_o not_o unworthy_o if_o france_n then_o with_o its_o own_o force_n alone_o have_v be_v able_a to_o have_v enterprise_v upon_o naples_n it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v do_v but_o if_o her_o own_o private_a strength_n be_v too_o weak_a it_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v be_v divide_v and_o if_o the_o division_n of_o lombardy_n to_o which_o she_o consent_v with_o the_o venetian_a be_v excusable_a it_o be_v because_o do_v to_o get_v foot_v in_o italy_n but_o this_o partition_n of_o naples_n with_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n be_v extreme_o to_o be_v condemn_v because_o not_o press_v or_o quicken_v by_o such_o necessity_n as_o the_o former_a lewis_n therefore_o commit_v five_o fault_n in_o this_o expedition_n he_o ruine_v the_o inferior_a lord_n he_o augment_v the_o dominion_n of_o a_o neighbour_n prince_n he_o call_v in_o a_o foreigner_n as_o puissant_a as_o himself_o he_o neglect_v to_o continue_v there_o in_o person_n and_o plant_v no_o colony_n all_o which_o error_n may_v have_v be_v no_o inconvenience_n while_o he_o have_v live_v have_v he_o not_o be_v guilty_a of_o a_o six_o and_o that_o be_v depress_v the_o power_n of_o the_o venetian_a if_o indeed_o he_o have_v not_o side_v with_o the_o church_n nor_o bring_v the_o spaniard_n into_o italy_n it_o have_v be_v but_o reasonable_a for_o he_o to_o have_v take_v down_o the_o pride_n of_o the_o venetian_a but_o pursue_v his_o first_o resolution_n he_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v suffer_v they_o to_o be_v ruin_v because_o while_o the_o venetian_a strength_n be_v entire_a they_o will_v have_v keep_v off_o other_o people_n from_o attempt_v upon_o lombardy_n to_o which_o the_o venetian_n will_v never_o have_v consent_v unless_o upon_o condition_n it_o may_v have_v be_v deliver_v to_o they_o and_o the_o other_o will_v not_o in_o 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the_o faith_n of_o a_o prince_n how_o far_o it_o oblige_v so_o then_o king_n lewis_n lose_v lombardy_n because_o he_o do_v not_o observe_v one_o of_o those_o rule_n which_o other_o have_v follow_v with_o success_n in_o the_o conquest_n of_o province_n and_o in_o their_o desire_n to_o keep_v they_o nor_o be_v it_o a_o extraordinary_a thing_n but_o what_o happen_v every_o day_n and_o not_o without_o reason_n to_o this_o purpose_n i_o remember_v i_o be_v once_o in_o discourse_n with_o the_o cardinal_n d'_fw-fr amboise_n at_o nantes_n at_o the_o time_n when_o valentino_n for_o so_o caesar_n borgia_n pope_n alezander_n son_n be_v common_o call_v possess_v himself_o of_o romagna_fw-la in_o the_o heat_n of_o our_o conference_n the_o cardinal_n tell_v i_o that_o the_o italian_n be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o art_n of_o war_n i_o reply_v that_o the_o french_a have_v as_o little_a skill_n in_o matter_n of_o state_n for_o if_o they_o have_v have_v the_o least_o policy_n in_o the_o world_n they_o will_v never_o have_v suffer_v the_o church_n to_o have_v come_v to_o that_o height_n and_o elevation_n and_o it_o have_v be_v find_v since_o by_o experience_n that_o the_o grandeur_n of_o the_o church_n and_o the_o spaniard_n in_o italy_n be_v derive_v from_o france_n and_o that_o they_o in_o requital_n have_v be_v the_o ruin_n and_o expulsion_n of_o the_o french_a from_o hence_o a_o general_a rule_n may_v be_v deduce_v and_o such_o a_o one_o as_o seldom_o or_o never_o be_v subject_a to_o exception_n viz._n that_o whoever_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o another_o advancement_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o own_o diminution_n because_o that_o advancement_n be_v found_v either_o upon_o the_o conduct_n or_o power_n of_o the_o donor_n either_o of_o which_o become_v suspicious_a at_o length_n to_o the_o person_n prefer_v chap._n iu._n why_o the_o kingdom_n of_o darius_n usurp_v by_o alexander_n do_v not_o rebel_v against_o his_o successor_n after_o alexander_n be_v dead_a the_o difficulty_n encounter_v in_o the_o keep_n of_o a_o new_a conquest_n be_v consider_v it_o may_v well_o be_v admire_v how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o alexander_n the_o great_a have_v in_o a_o few_o year_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o asia_n and_o die_v as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v do_v that_o state_n can_v be_v keep_v from_o rebellion_n yet_o his_o successor_n enjoy_v it_o a_o long_a time_n peaceable_o without_o any_o trouble_n or_o concussion_n but_o what_o spring_v from_o their_o own_o avarice_n and_o ambition_n i_o answer_v that_o all_o monarchy_n of_o which_o we_o have_v any_o record_n be_v govern_v after_o two_o several_a manner_n either_o by_o a_o prince_n and_o his_o servant_n who_o he_o vouchsafe_v out_o of_o his_o mere_a grace_n to_o constitute_v his_o minister_n and_o admit_v of_o their_o assistance_n in_o the_o government_n of_o his_o kingdom_n or_o else_o by_o a_o prince_n and_o his_o baron_n who_o be_v person_n advance_v to_o that_o quality_n not_o by_o favour_n or_o concession_n 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he_o send_v when_o and_o what_o officer_n he_o think_v fit_a and_o change_v they_o as_o he_o please_v but_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v establish_v in_o the_o middle_n as_o it_o be_v of_o several_a great_a lord_n who_o sovereignty_n have_v be_v own_v and_o family_n belove_v a_o long_a time_n by_o their_o subject_n they_o keep_v their_o pre-eminence_n nor_o be_v it_o in_o the_o king_n power_n to_o deprive_v they_o without_o inevitable_a danger_n to_o himself_o he_o therefore_o who_o consider_v the_o one_o with_o the_o other_o will_v find_v the_o turkish_a empire_n hard_a to_o be_v subdue_v but_o when_o once_o conquer_v more_o easy_a to_o be_v keep_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o difficulty_n be_v because_o the_o usurper_n can_v be_v call_v in_o by_o the_o grandee_n of_o the_o empire_n nor_o hope_v any_o assistance_n from_o the_o great_a officer_n to_o facilitate_v his_o enterprise_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o reason_n abovesaid_a for_o be_v all_o slave_n and_o under_o obligation_n they_o be_v not_o easy_o corrupt_v and_o if_o they_o can_v little_a good_a be_v to_o be_v expect_v from_o they_o be_v unable_a for_o the_o aforesaid_a reason_n to_o bring_v they_o any_o party_n so_o that_o whoever_o invade_v the_o turk_n must_v expect_v to_o â—ind_v he_o entire_a and_o unite_a and_o be_v to_o depend_v more_o upon_o his_o own_o proper_a force_n than_o any_o disorder_n among_o they_o but_o have_v once_o conquer_v they_o and_o beat_v their_o army_n beyond_o the_o possibility_n of_o a_o recruit_v the_o danger_n be_v at_o a_o end_n for_o there_o be_v no_o body_n remain_v to_o be_v afraid_a of_o but_o the_o family_n of_o the_o emperor_n which_o be_v once_o extinguish_v no_o body_n else_o have_v any_o interest_n with_o the_o people_n and_o they_o be_v as_o little_a to_o be_v apprehend_v after_o the_o victory_n as_o they_o be_v to_o be_v
his_o design_n to_o eight_o of_o his_o principal_n intimate_v among_o who_o don_n michael_n and_o monsignor_n d'_fw-fr euna_n be_v two_o and_o appoint_v that_o when_o vitellozzo_n pagolo_n ursini_n the_o duke_n de_fw-fr gravina_n and_o oliverotto_n shall_v come_v to_o meet_v he_o two_o of_o his_o favourite_n shall_v be_v sure_a to_o order_v it_o so_o as_o to_o get_v one_o of_o the_o ursini_n betwixt_o they_o assign_v every_o couple_n his_o man_n and_o entertain_v they_o till_o they_o come_v to_o sinigaglia_n with_o express_a injunction_n not_o to_o part_v with_o they_o upon_o any_o term_n till_o they_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o duke_n lodging_n and_o take_v into_o custody_n after_o this_o he_o order_v his_o whole_a army_n horse_n and_o foot_n which_o consist_v of_o 2000_o of_o the_o first_o and_o 10000_o of_o the_o latter_a to_o be_v ready_o draw_v up_o upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o metauro_n about_o five_o mile_n distant_a from_o fano_fw-la and_o to_o expect_v his_o arrival_n be_v 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so_o that_o he_o who_o come_v to_o sinigaglia_n pass_v a_o long_a way_n under_o the_o mountain_n and_o be_v come_v to_o the_o river_n which_o run_v by_o sinigaglia_n turn_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n upon_o the_o bank_n which_o within_o a_o bow_n shoot_v bring_v he_o to_o a_o bridge_n over_o the_o say_a river_n almost_o right_o against_o the_o gate_n before_o the_o gate_n there_o be_v a_o little_a bourg_n with_o a_o marketplace_n one_o side_n of_o which_o be_v shoulder_v up_o by_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n the_o vitelli_n and_o ursini_n have_v conclude_v to_o attend_v the_o duke_n themselves_o and_o to_o pay_v their_o personal_a respect_n to_o make_v room_n for_o his_o man_n have_v draw_v off_o their_o own_o and_o dispose_v they_o into_o certain_a castle_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o six_o mile_n only_o they_o have_v leave_v in_o sinigaglia_n oliveretto_fw-it with_o a_o party_n of_o about_o 1000_o foot_n and_o 150_o horse_n which_o be_v quarter_v in_o the_o say_v bourg_n thing_n be_v in_o this_o order_n duke_z valentine_z approach_v but_o when_o his_o horse_n in_o the_o van_n come_v up_o to_o the_o bridge_n they_o do_v not_o pass_v but_o open_v to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a and_o wheel_v away_o they_o make_v room_n for_o the_o foot_n who_o march_v immediate_o into_o the_o town_n vitellozzo_n pagolo_n and_o the_o duke_n de_fw-fr gravina_n advance_v upon_o their_o mule_n to_o wait_v upon_o duke_n valentine_n vitellozzo_n be_v unarm_v in_o a_o cap_n line_v with_o green_a very_o sad_a and_o melancholy_a as_o if_o he_o have_v have_v some_o foresight_n of_o his_o destiny_n which_o consider_v his_o former_a courage_n and_o exploit_n be_v admire_v by_o every_o body_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o when_o he_o come_v from_o his_o house_n in_o order_n to_o meet_v duke_n valentine_n at_o sinigaglia_n he_o take_v his_o last_o leave_n very_o solemn_o of_o every_o body_n he_o recommend_v his_o family_n and_o its_o fortune_n to_o the_o chief_a of_o his_o officer_n and_o admonish_v his_o grandchild_n not_o so_o much_o to_o commemorate_v the_o fortune_n as_o the_o magnanimity_n of_o their_o ancestor_n these_o three_o prince_n be_v arrive_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o duke_n valentine_n salute_v he_o with_o great_a civility_n and_o be_v as_o civil_o receive_v and_o each_o of_o they_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v well_o observe_v by_o the_o person_n appoint_v to_o secure_v they_o be_v single_v and_o dispose_v betwixt_o two_o of_o they_o but_o the_o duke_n perceive_v that_o oliveretto_fw-it be_v want_v who_o be_v leave_v behind_o with_o his_o regiment_n and_o have_v draw_v it_o up_o in_o the_o marketplace_n for_o the_o great_a formality_n he_o wink_v upon_o don_n michael_n to_o who_o the_o care_n of_o oliveretto_fw-it be_v assign_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o provide_v he_o may_v not_o escape_v upon_o this_o intimation_n don_n michael_n clap_v spur_n to_o his_o horse_n and_o rid_v before_o and_o be_v come_v up_o to_o oliveretto_fw-it he_o tell_v he_o it_o be_v inconvenient_a to_o keep_v his_o man_n to_o their_o arm_n for_o unless_o they_o be_v send_v present_o to_o their_o quarter_n they_o will_v be_v take_v up_o for_o the_o duke_n wherefore_o he_o persuade_v he_o to_o dismiss_v they_o and_o go_v with_o he_o to_o the_o duke_n oliveretto_fw-it follow_v his_o counsel_n go_v along_o with_o he_o to_o the_o duke_n who_o no_o soon_o see_v he_o but_o he_o call_v he_o to_o he_o and_o oliveretto_fw-it have_v pay_v his_o ceremony_n fall_v in_o with_o the_o rest_n be_v come_v into_o the_o town_n and_o come_v up_o to_o the_o duke_n quarter_n they_o all_o dismount_v and_o attend_v he_o up_o where_o be_v carry_v by_o he_o into_o a_o private_a chamber_n they_o be_v instant_o arrest_v and_o make_v prisoner_n the_o duke_n immediate_o mount_v and_o command_v their_o soldier_n shall_v be_v all_o of_o they_o disarm_v oliveretto_n regiment_n be_v so_o near_o at_o hand_n be_v plunder_v into_o the_o bargain_n the_o brigade_n which_o belong_v to_o vitelli_n and_o ursini_n be_v at_o great_a distance_n and_o have_v notice_n of_o what_o have_v happen_v to_o their_o general_n have_v time_n to_o unite_v and_o remember_v the_o discipline_n and_o courage_n of_o their_o master_n they_o keep_v close_o together_o and_o march_v away_o in_o spite_n both_o of_o the_o country_n people_n and_o their_o enemy_n but_o duke_n valentine_n soldier_n not_o content_a with_o the_o pillage_n of_o oliveretto_n soldier_n fall_v foul_a upon_o the_o town_n and_o have_v not_o the_o duke_n by_o the_o death_n of_o several_a of_o they_o repress_v their_o insolence_n sinigaglia_n have_v be_v ruin_v the_o night_n come_v on_o and_o the_o tumult_n appease_v the_o duke_n begin_v to_o think_v of_o his_o prisoner_n resolve_v vitellozzo_n and_o oliveretto_fw-it shall_v die_v and_o have_v cause_v they_o to_o be_v guard_v into_o a_o convenient_a place_n he_o command_v they_o shall_v be_v strangle_v but_o they_o say_v nothing_o at_o their_o death_n that_o be_v answerable_a to_o their_o life_n for_o vitellozzo_n beg_v only_o that_o the_o pope_n may_v be_v supplicate_v in_o his_o behalf_n for_o a_o plenary_a indulgence_n oliveretto_fw-it impeach_v vitellozzo_n and_o lay_v all_o upon_o his_o back_n pagolo_n and_o the_o duke_n de_fw-fr gravina_n be_v continue_v alive_a till_o the_o duke_n have_v information_n that_o his_o holiness_n at_o rome_n have_v seize_v upon_o the_o cardinal_n orsino_n the_o archbishop_n of_o florence_n and_o messer_n jacopo_n da_fw-it santa_fw-it croce_n upon_o which_o news_n on_o the_o 18_o of_o january_n they_o also_o be_v both_o strangle_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o piene_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o state_n of_o france_z in_o a_o abridgement_n write_v by_o nicolo_n machiavelli_n secretary_n of_o florence_n the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v at_o this_o time_n more_o rich_a and_o more_o powerful_a than_o ever_o and_o for_o these_o follow_a reason_n first_o the_o crown_n pass_v by_o succession_n of_o blood_n be_v become_v rich_a because_o in_o case_n where_o the_o king_n have_v no_o son_n to_o succeed_v he_o in_o his_o paternal_a estate_n it_o fall_v all_o to_o the_o crown_n and_o this_o have_v many_o time_n happen_v have_v be_v a_o great_a corroboration_n as_o particular_o in_o the_o duchy_n of_o anjou_n and_o at_o present_a the_o same_o be_v like_a to_o fall_v out_o to_o this_o king_n who_o have_v no_o son_n the_o duchy_n of_o orleans_n and_o state_n of_o milan_n his_o hereditary_a country_n be_v like_a to_o devolve_v upon_o the_o crown_n so_o that_o at_o this_o day_n most_o of_o the_o good_a town_n in_o france_n be_v in_o the_o crown_n and_o few_o remain_v to_o particular_a person_n a_o second_o great_a reason_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o that_o king_n be_v that_o whereas_o heretofore_o france_n be_v not_o entire_a but_o subject_a to_o
but_o in_o the_o carelessness_n or_o defect_n of_o the_o magistrate_n of_o which_o we_o have_v a_o fresh_a and_o memorable_a example_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o body_n ignorant_a that_o of_o late_a year_n the_o english_a invade_v france_n and_o entertain_v no_o soldier_n but_o their_o own_o and_o yet_o though_o england_n have_v have_v no_o war_n of_o thirty_o year_n before_o and_o have_v neither_o officer_n nor_o soldier_n who_o have_v ever_o see_v a_o battle_n they_o venture_v to_o attack_v a_o kingdom_n where_o the_o officer_n be_v excellent_a the_o soldier_n very_o good_a have_v be_v train_v up_o for_o several_a year_n together_o in_o the_o italian_a war_n this_o proceed_v from_o the_o prudence_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o excellence_n of_o that_o government_n in_o which_o though_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n the_o exercise_n of_o arm_n be_v not_o intermit_v pelopidas_n and_o epaminondas_n have_v relieve_v thebes_n and_o rescue_v it_o from_o the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o spartan_n find_v themselves_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o servile_a and_o effeminate_a people_n they_o so_o order_v it_o by_o their_o virtue_n and_o discipline_n that_o they_o bring_v they_o to_o the_o use_n of_o arm_n take_v the_o field_n with_o they_o against_o the_o spartan_n and_o overthrow_v they_o from_o whence_o that_o historian_n infer_v that_o there_o be_v soldier_n not_o only_o in_o lacedaemon_n but_o wherever_o there_o be_v man_n if_o there_o be_v any_o body_n to_o exercise_n and_o train_v they_o which_o tullus_n perform_v most_o exquisite_o among_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v most_o excellent_o express_v by_o virgil_n in_o these_o word_n desidesque_fw-la movebit_fw-la tullus_n in_fw-la arma_fw-la viros_fw-la no_o soft_a unactive_a people_n tullus_n know_v but_o train_v up_o all_o promiscuous_o to_o blow_n chap._n xxii_o what_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v from_o the_o combat_n betwixt_o the_o three_o roman_a horatij_n and_o the_o three_o alban_n curiatij_n by_o article_n betwixt_o tullus_n king_n of_o rome_n and_o metius_n king_n of_o alba_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o whichsoever_o of_o the_o two_o side_n shall_v overcome_v that_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o other_o the_o curiatij_n be_v all_o kill_v but_o one_o of_o the_o horatij_n be_v leave_v metius_n and_o his_o alban_n fall_v into_o subjection_n to_o the_o roman_n horatius_n return_v in_o great_a triumph_n into_o the_o city_n and_o meet_v a_o sister_n of_o his_o who_o be_v marry_v to_o one_o of_o the_o curiatij_n lament_v the_o loss_n of_o her_o husband_n in_o a_o great_a passion_n he_o kill_v she_o for_o which_o inhumanity_n be_v bring_v to_o his_o trial_n he_o be_v after_o many_o argument_n discharge_v but_o more_o upon_o his_o father_n intercession_n than_o his_o own_o merit_n in_o which_o accident_n there_o be_v three_o thing_n considerable_a that_o we_o be_v never_o to_o venture_v our_o whole_a fortune_n upon_o the_o success_n of_o a_o party_n another_o be_v that_o offence_n and_o desert_n be_v not_o equal_o reward_v a_o well-ordered_a city_n the_o three_o that_o no_o compact_n be_v well_o make_v where_o the_o performance_n be_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v suspect_v for_o to_o become_v servile_a and_o in_o subjection_n to_o another_o city_n be_v a_o thing_n of_o such_o moment_n and_o importance_n that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v believe_v that_o any_o prince_n or_o state_n whatsoever_o shall_v be_v content_a that_o their_o liberty_n shall_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o success_n or_o courage_n of_o three_o of_o their_o citizen_n and_o this_o be_v evident_a in_o metius_n for_o though_o upon_o the_o victory_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o seem_v to_o acquiesce_v and_o promise_a obedience_n as_o by_o article_n be_v agree_v yet_o in_o the_o first_o expedition_n the_o roman_n undertake_v against_o the_o veientes_n it_o be_v manifest_a he_o will_v have_v deceive_v tullus_n as_o one_o who_o repent_v of_o the_o covenant_n which_o he_o have_v make_v but_o because_o of_o the_o three_o we_o have_v speak_v large_o already_o in_o the_o next_o two_o chapter_n we_o shall_v speak_v only_o of_o the_o other_o two_o chap._n xxiii_o that_o our_o whole_a fortune_n be_v not_o to_o be_v venture_v upon_o part_n of_o our_o force_n and_o that_o for_o that_o reason_n the_o keep_n of_o pass_n be_v many_o time_n dangerous_a it_o be_v never_o think_v discretion_n to_o put_v your_o whole_a fortune_n in_o danger_n unless_o your_o whole_a force_n be_v ready_a to_o defend_v it_o this_o error_n be_v commit_v several_a way_n one_o be_v when_o like_o tullus_n and_o metius_n they_o commit_v the_o fortune_n and_o virtue_n of_o so_o many_o man_n as_o either_o of_o they_o have_v in_o their_o army_n to_o the_o fortune_n and_o virtue_n of_o three_o particular_a person_n which_o be_v but_o a_o pitiful_a part_n of_o either_o of_o their_o strength_n not_o consider_v how_o by_o that_o agreement_n all_o the_o pain_n which_o their_o predecessor_n have_v take_v to_o establish_v their_o liberty_n and_o enable_v their_o fellow_n citizen_n to_o defend_v it_o be_v render_v vain_a and_o ineffectual_a by_o put_v it_o into_o the_o power_n of_o three_o person_n to_o destroy_v it_o than_o which_o in_o my_o judgement_n those_o two_o king_n can_v not_o have_v do_v worse_a another_o great_a error_n be_v when_o upon_o the_o approach_n of_o a_o enemy_n we_o trust_v all_o to_o the_o keep_n of_o a_o avenue_n or_o the_o defence_n of_o a_o pass_n unless_o it_o may_v be_v do_v with_o our_o whole_a force_n in_o that_o case_n indeed_o the_o resolution_n be_v good_a but_o if_o the_o passage_n be_v narrow_a and_o not_o room_n enough_o for_o your_o whole_a power_n it_o be_v uncertain_a and_o dangerous_a and_o that_o which_o persuade_v i_o to_o be_v of_o that_o opinion_n be_v the_o example_n of_o such_o as_o have_v be_v invade_v by_o a_o potent_a enemy_n though_o their_o country_n be_v environ_v with_o mountain_n and_o rock_n yet_o they_o will_v not_o attend_v and_o engage_v the_o enemy_n upon_o the_o pass_v or_o mountain_n but_o march_v out_o of_o their_o hold_n to_o encounter_v he_o or_o else_o which_o be_v as_o bad_a they_o forsake_v their_o advantage_n and_o expect_v he_o in_o some_o plain_a or_o convenient_a place_n within_o and_o the_o reason_n be_v as_o aforesaid_a because_o many_o man_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o defend_v such_o place_n as_o be_v rocky_a for_o want_v of_o subsistence_n and_o the_o passage_n be_v straight_o it_o can_v receive_v but_o few_o people_n and_o by_o consequence_n be_v not_o able_a to_o sustain_v the_o insult_n of_o a_o very_a great_a army_n and_o the_o enemy_n may_v bring_v as_o may_v as_o he_o please_v to_o attack_v it_o because_o his_o business_n be_v not_o to_o fix_v there_o but_o to_o pass_v through_o and_o be_v go_v whereas_o he_o who_o be_v to_o defend_v it_o can_v be_v in_o any_o considerable_a body_n be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o enemy_n approach_n to_o lie_v there_o continual_o though_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o place_n be_v both_o barren_a and_o straight_o have_v lose_v therefore_o that_o pass_n which_o you_o imagine_v to_o keep_v and_o upon_o which_o your_o army_n and_o people_n do_v whole_o rely_v the_o remainder_n of_o your_o army_n and_o subject_n be_v possess_v with_o such_o a_o fear_n that_o you_o can_v have_v no_o far_o trial_n of_o their_o courage_n but_o all_o go_v to_o wrack_n and_o your_o whole_a fortune_n lose_v but_o with_o part_n of_o your_o army_n with_o what_o difficulty_n hannibal_n pass_v the_o alps_o betwixt_o france_n and_o lombardy_n and_o betwixt_o lombardy_n and_o tuscany_n there_o be_v no_o body_n ignorant_a nevertheless_o the_o roman_n choose_v rather_o to_o attend_v he_o upon_o the_o tesin_n and_o afterward_o in_o the_o plain_a of_o arezzo_n where_o the_o danger_n be_v equal_a both_o to_o the_o enemy_n and_o they_o than_o to_o carry_v their_o army_n up_o into_o the_o cloud_n upon_o the_o rock_n and_o the_o snow_n to_o be_v consume_v by_o the_o incommodity_n of_o the_o place_n before_o the_o enemy_n come_v at_o they_o and_o whosoever_o shall_v read_v history_n deliberate_o shall_v find_v few_o great_a captain_n that_o will_v coop_v themselves_o up_o in_o such_o pass_n and_o straits_n not_o only_o for_o the_o reason_n abovesaid_a but_o because_o all_o of_o they_o can_v be_v stop_v the_o mountain_n in_o that_o respect_n be_v like_o the_o field_n have_v not_o only_o their_o road_n and_o highway_n but_o by-path_n and_o passage_n which_o though_o not_o observe_v by_o stranger_n be_v well_o enough_o know_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o will_v be_v always_o ready_a to_o conduct_v the_o enemy_n to_o remove_v they_o far_o off_o who_o lie_v constant_o upon_o they_o of_o this_o a_o late_a example_n may_v be_v bring_v in_o the_o year_n 1515_o when_o francis_n king_n of_o france_n design_v to_o pass_v into_o italy_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o
they_o and_o every_o trifle_a imagination_n will_v make_v they_o turn_v their_o back_n but_o no_o body_n be_v so_o dare_v and_o successful_a in_o these_o fraudulent_a and_o nocturnal_a design_n as_o aratus_n sicionius_n though_o in_o the_o daytime_n he_o be_v but_o like_o other_o man_n which_o be_v rather_o from_o some_o secret_a virtue_n in_o he_o than_o any_o excellence_n in_o the_o way_n and_o as_o to_o the_o take_n of_o town_n by_o surrender_n they_o either_o surrender_v free_o or_o by_o force_n when_o they_o do_v it_o free_o it_o be_v do_v out_o of_o some_o extrinsic_a necessity_n as_o when_o capua_n surrender_v to_o the_o roman_n for_o fear_v of_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o samnite_n or_o else_o out_o of_o desire_n to_o be_v well_o govern_v as_o be_v take_v with_o the_o administration_n of_o that_o prince_n to_o who_o they_o surrender_v and_o thus_o it_o be_v with_o the_o rhodian_n the_o massillians_n and_o other_o city_n which_o give_v themselves_o up_o to_o the_o roman_n upon_o no_o other_o inducement_n but_o that_o they_o may_v live_v more_o happy_o under_o the_o roman_a law_n and_o be_v under_o a_o better_a constitution_n but_o there_o be_v many_o city_n which_o surrender_v by_o force_n which_o force_n proceed_v either_o from_o the_o fatigue_n and_o calamity_n of_o a_o tedious_a siege_n or_o from_o continual_a excursion_n and_o depredation_n to_o which_o they_o be_v subject_a and_o against_o which_o they_o have_v no_o other_o way_n to_o secure_v themselves_o and_o then_o all_o the_o way_n we_o have_v mention_v the_o roman_n make_v more_o use_n of_o this_o carry_v on_o their_o war_n with_o their_o neighbour_n 450_o year_n together_o in_o this_o manner_n for_o the_o most_o part_n for_o though_o they_o try_v all_o the_o other_o they_o find_v this_o the_o more_o profitable_a and_o safe_a in_o sieges_n there_o be_v delay_n and_o loss_n of_o time_n in_o storm_n hazard_n and_o danger_n and_o uncertainty_n in_o conspiracy_n but_o in_o bring_v thing_n to_o a_o battle_n it_o have_v be_v see_v that_o by_o beat_v the_o enemy_n army_n they_o have_v get_v a_o whole_a kingdom_n in_o a_o day_n whereas_o a_o obstinate_a town_n have_v cost_v they_o several_a year_n chap._n xxxiii_o how_o the_o roman_n upon_o any_o expedition_n give_v their_o general_n general_a commission_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o to_o read_v the_o history_n of_o livy_n with_o any_o profit_n and_o advantage_n we_o must_v consider_v not_o only_o the_o action_n but_o the_o whole_a mean_n and_o process_n both_o of_o the_o people_n and_o senate_n of_o rome_n among_o other_o thing_n it_o be_v very_o remarkable_a with_o what_o authority_n they_o invest_v their_o consul_n dictator_n and_o general_n of_o their_o army_n and_o it_o be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o senate_n reserve_v to_o itself_o only_o the_o power_n of_o make_v peace_n or_o new_a war_n as_o they_o see_v occasion_n all_o the_o rest_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o consul_n who_o may_v fight_v or_o not_o fight_v assault_v this_o town_n or_o that_o town_n as_o he_o please_v without_o any_o contradiction_n this_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o many_o example_n by_o more_o especial_o by_o what_o happen_v in_o a_o expedition_n against_o the_o tuscan_n for_o fabius_n the_o consul_n have_v defeat_v the_o enemy_n at_o sutri_n resolve_v to_o pass_v the_o forest_n of_o gimina_fw-la with_o his_o army_n and_o invade_v tuscany_n he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o receive_v order_n from_o the_o senate_n or_o consult_v they_o in_o the_o business_n that_o he_o give_v they_o not_o the_o least_o notice_n though_o the_o war_n be_v to_o be_v remove_v into_o another_o country_n and_o like_a to_o be_v very_o dangerous_a which_o appear_v by_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o senate_n in_o that_o very_a case_n for_o have_v hear_v of_o his_o victory_n at_o sutri_n and_o apprehend_v that_o he_o may_v fall_v upon_o such_o counsel_n and_o pass_v his_o army_n into_o tuscany_n through_o that_o dangerous_a forest_n they_o send_v two_o ambassador_n to_o he_o to_o advise_v he_o from_o that_o expedition_n but_o they_o come_v too_o late_o for_o he_o be_v go_v before_o and_o have_v overrun_v the_o whole_a country_n and_o rout_v the_o enemy_n instead_o of_o hinder_v his_o design_n the_o ambassador_n go_v back_o with_o the_o news_n of_o his_o victory_n this_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_n if_o it_o be_v serious_o consider_v will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v very_o solid_a and_o wise_a for_o shall_v the_o senate_n have_v be_v consult_v by_o their_o general_n upon_o every_o particular_a occasion_n and_o have_v expect_v all_o their_o order_n from_o they_o it_o will_v have_v make_v their_o general_n less_o circumspect_a and_o vigorous_a because_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o victory_n will_v not_o accrue_v total_o to_o they_o but_o they_o must_v participate_v with_o the_o senate_n beside_o the_o senate_n understand_v very_o well_o that_o fortune_n be_v various_a and_o that_o many_o accident_n and_o advantage_n happen_v which_o can_v be_v know_v or_o improve_v by_o any_o but_o those_o who_o be_v present_a so_o that_o if_o they_o shall_v desire_v to_o be_v consult_v in_o thing_n of_o which_o they_o can_v have_v no_o knowledge_n they_o must_v of_o necessity_n err_v though_o they_o be_v person_n of_o never_o so_o much_o experience_n and_o wisdom_n wherefore_o they_o give_v their_o general_n absolute_a power_n of_o dispose_v all_o thing_n at_o his_o own_o will_n and_o the_o whole_a honour_n of_o the_o expedition_n be_v to_o be_v his_o that_o it_o may_v be_v a_o spur_n to_o prick_v on_o his_o diligence_n and_o a_o bridle_n to_o regulate_v his_o rashness_n and_o this_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o insert_v that_o i_o may_v show_v how_o much_o the_o famous_a commonwealth_n in_o our_o time_n do_v differ_v from_o the_o roman_n particular_o the_o venetian_n and_o florentine_n who_o be_v so_o strict_a with_o their_o general_n that_o if_o a_o great_a gun_n be_v but_o to_o be_v plant_v against_o a_o town_n the_o senate_n must_v be_v advise_v and_o give_v order_n how_o and_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v to_o play_v but_o this_o custom_n deserve_v commendation_n as_o much_o as_o the_o rest_n which_o all_o together_o have_v bring_v their_o affair_n into_o that_o sad_a condition_n in_o which_o they_o be_v at_o present_a the_o discourse_n of_o nicholas_n machiavelli_n citizen_z and_o secretary_z of_o florence_n upon_o the_o first_o decade_n of_o titus_n livius_n libre_fw-la iii_o chap._n i._n that_o a_o sect_n or_o commonwealth_n be_v long-lived_a it_o be_v necessary_a to_o correct_v it_o often_o and_o reduce_v it_o towards_o its_o first_o principle_n it_o be_v a_o certain_a truth_n that_o the_o thing_n of_o this_o world_n be_v determine_v and_o a_o set_a time_n appoint_v for_o their_o duration_n but_o those_o run_v through_o the_o whole_a course_n which_o be_v assign_v they_o by_o their_o star_n who_o keep_v their_o body_n in_o such_o order_n that_o it_o may_v not_o alter_v at_o all_o or_o if_o it_o do_v it_o be_v for_o the_o better_a i_o speak_v now_o of_o mix_a body_n as_o commonwealth_n and_o sect_n and_o i_o say_v that_o those_o alteration_n be_v salutiferous_a which_o reduce_v they_o towards_o their_o first_o principle_n and_o therefore_o the_o best_a order_v and_o long_a live_v be_v they_o who_o by_o their_o own_o order_n may_v be_v often_o renew_v or_o else_o by_o some_o accident_n without_o the_o help_n of_o the_o say_a order_n may_v tend_v to_o renovation_n it_o be_v as_o clear_a as_o the_o day_n that_o no_o body_n of_o man_n be_v of_o long_a duration_n unless_o they_o be_v renew_v and_o the_o way_n to_o renew_v they_o as_o be_v say_v before_o be_v to_o reduce_v they_o to_o their_o principle_n for_o the_o fundamental_o of_o all_o sect_n commonwealth_n and_o kingdom_n have_v always_o something_o of_o good_a in_o they_o by_o mean_n of_o which_o they_o recover_v their_o first_o reputation_n and_o grandeur_n and_o because_o in_o process_n of_o time_n that_o goodness_n corrupt_v that_o body_n must_v of_o necessity_n die_v unless_o something_o intervene_v that_o reduce_v it_o to_o its_o first_o principle_n the_o physician_n speak_v of_o the_o body_n of_o man_n tell_v we_o quod_fw-la quotidie_fw-la aggregatur_fw-la aliquid_fw-la quod_fw-la quandoque_fw-la indiget_fw-la curatione_fw-la that_o there_o be_v not_o a_o day_n pass_v but_o it_o contract_v something_o which_o afterward_o will_v require_v to_o be_v cure_v it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o body_n politic_a and_o as_o to_o they_o i_o say_v that_o they_o be_v to_o be_v cure_v by_o be_v renew_v and_o they_o be_v renew_v partly_o by_o external_a accident_n and_o partly_o by_o internal_a prudence_n the_o first_o happen_v as_o it_o be_v by_o destiny_n or_o fate_n as_o that_o rome_n shall_v be_v take_v by_o the_o french_a that_o thereby_o it_o may_v reassume_v its_o old_a custom_n and_o
virtue_n and_o revive_v its_o ancient_a worship_n religion_n and_o justice_n which_o be_v superannuated_a and_o decay_a as_o appear_v very_o plain_a by_o the_o description_n of_o their_o preparation_n against_o the_o french_a in_o which_o it_o be_v declare_v by_o titus_n livius_n that_o upon_o the_o march_v out_o of_o their_o army_n and_o invest_v their_o tribune_n with_o consular_a power_n they_o observe_v no_o religious_a ceremony_n at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o not_o only_o refuse_v to_o correct_v the_o three_o fabii_n who_o contra_fw-la jus_o gentium_fw-la have_v fight_v against_o the_o french_a but_o create_v they_o tribune_n and_o it_o be_v easy_o to_o be_v presume_v that_o they_o make_v less_o account_n of_o the_o good_a law_n and_o constitution_n ordain_v by_o romulus_n and_o other_o wise_a prince_n than_o be_v reasonable_a and_o perhaps_o necessary_a to_o preserve_v the_o liberty_n of_o their_o state_n this_o foreign_a invasion_n happen_v to_o they_o therefore_o that_o all_o the_o obsolete_a law_n of_o that_o city_n may_v be_v revive_v and_o that_o the_o people_n may_v be_v teach_v that_o it_o be_v necessary_a not_o only_o to_o maintain_v religion_n and_o justice_n but_o to_o respect_v their_o good_a citizen_n and_o esteem_v their_o virtue_n above_o the_o advantage_n which_o they_o seem_v to_o want_v for_o want_v of_o their_o assistance_n and_o it_o fall_v out_o exact_o for_o rome_n be_v no_o soon_o take_v but_o they_o begin_v to_o renew_v the_o order_n of_o their_o old_a religion_n they_o punish_v the_o fabii_n who_o have_v fight_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o conceive_v so_o great_a a_o value_n for_o camillus_n that_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n both_o lay_v aside_o their_o old_a animosity_n and_o place_v the_o whole_a burden_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n upon_o his_o single_a shoulder_n it_o be_v necessary_a therefore_o as_o be_v say_v before_o that_o man_n which_o live_v together_o under_o a_o government_n be_v often_o reminded_a by_o these_o exterior_a or_o interior_a accident_n the_o interior_a way_n be_v when_o there_o be_v a_o law_n which_o take_v a_o account_n of_o all_o people_n in_o that_o corporation_n or_o else_o when_o there_o be_v some_o excellent_a person_n among_o they_o who_o by_o his_o virtuous_a example_n do_v the_o same_o thing_n so_o that_o this_o happiness_n result_v to_o a_o commonwealth_n either_o by_o the_o virtue_n of_o some_o great_a person_n or_o the_o authority_n of_o some_o law_n and_o as_o to_o this_o last_o the_o order_n which_o reduce_v the_o commonwealth_n towards_o its_o first_o principle_n be_v the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n the_o censor_n and_o all_o the_o other_o law_n against_o the_o ambition_n and_o insolence_n of_o man_n which_o law_n have_v need_v to_o be_v revive_v and_o quicken_v by_o the_o virtue_n of_o some_o citizen_n who_o with_o great_a courage_n and_o generosity_n shall_v put_v they_o in_o execution_n in_o despite_n of_o all_o the_o power_n of_o the_o delinquent_n 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ought_v in_o the_o conduct_n of_o their_o affair_n not_o only_o to_o consider_v what_o their_o people_n be_v bind_v to_o submit_v to_o if_o they_o be_v inspire_v from_o heaven_n or_o be_v all_o moral_a philosopher_n but_o to_o weigh_v likewise_o what_o be_v probable_a de_fw-fr facto_fw-la to_o fall_v out_o in_o this_o corrupt_a age_n of_o the_o world_n and_o to_o reflect_v upon_o those_o dangerous_a tumult_n which_o have_v happen_v frequent_o not_o only_a upon_o oppression_n but_o even_o by_o reason_n of_o malversation_n and_o how_o some_o monarchy_n have_v be_v whole_o subvert_v and_o change_v into_o democracy_n by_o the_o tyranny_n of_o their_o prince_n as_o we_o see_v to_o say_v nothing_o of_o rome_n the_o powerful_a canton_n of_o switzerland_n bring_v by_o that_o mean_v a_o little_a before_o the_o last_o age_n to_o a_o considerable_a commonwealth_n court_v and_o seek_v to_o by_o all_o the_o potentate_n
and_o be_v baptise_a every_o one_o of_o you_o in_o the_o name_n of_o jesus_n christ_n for_o the_o remission_n of_o sin_n and_o you_o shall_v receive_v the_o gift_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n for_o this_o promise_n be_v to_o you_o and_o to_o your_o child_n and_o to_o all_o that_o be_v afar_o off_o even_o as_o many_o as_o the_o lord_n our_o god_n shall_v call_v next_o to_o judge_v infallible_o of_o divine_a truth_n and_o to_o forgive_v sin_n as_o christ_n do_v then_o to_o be_v the_o head_n of_o all_o ecclesiastical_a person_n and_o cause_n in_o the_o world_n to_o be_v so_o far_o above_o king_n and_o prince_n as_o to_o judge_n depose_v and_o deprive_v they_o and_o to_o have_v a_o absolute_a jurisdiction_n over_o all_o the_o affair_n in_o christendom_n in_o ordine_fw-la ad_fw-la spiritualia_fw-la yet_o all_o this_o the_o canonist_n allow_v he_o and_o he_o make_v no_o scruple_n to_o assume_v whilst_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o in_o the_o whole_a new_a testament_n there_o be_v no_o 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and_o it_o continue_v in_o that_o agony_n several_a year_n under_o three_o berengarii_n successive_o during_o which_o time_n the_o pope_n and_o the_o church_n be_v under_o no_o the_o less_o perturbation_n have_v no_o refuge_n to_o fly_v to_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o dissension_n among_o the_o western_a prince_n and_o the_o impotence_n of_o the_o eastern_a 931._o the_o city_n of_o genoa_n and_o all_o its_o territory_n upon_o the_o river_n be_v overrun_v by_o the_o saraâ—ens_n which_o by_o the_o resort_n of_o multitude_n drive_v thither_o out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o grandeur_n of_o pisa._n these_o accident_n happen_v in_o the_o year_n dccccxxxi_n but_o ottone_v son_n of_o enricus_n and_o matilda_n and_o duke_n of_o saxony_n come_v to_o the_o empire_n and_o be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a reputation_n for_o his_o conduct_n and_o prudence_n agabito_n the_o pope_n address_v himself_o to_o he_o implore_v his_o assistance_n in_o italy_n against_o the_o 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in_o romania_n and_o perform_v very_o valiant_o in_o all_o those_o war_n of_o tancred_n one_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o those_o norman_n be_v bear_v several_a son_n among_o which_o william_n call_v ferabar_n and_o roberto_n call_v guiscardo_n be_v two_o william_n arrive_v to_o be_v prince_n and_o the_o tumult_n in_o italy_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n compose_v but_o the_o saracen_n have_v sicily_n entire_a and_o daily_a invasion_n make_v upon_o italy_n william_n enter_v into_o confederacy_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o capua_n and_o salerno_n and_o with_o milorcus_fw-la a_o grecian_a who_o by_o the_o emperor_n of_o greece_n be_v depute_v governor_n of_o puglia_n and_o calabria_n to_o invade_v sicily_n and_o in_o case_n of_o victory_n it_o be_v agree_v among_o they_o that_o both_o prey_n and_o country_n shall_v be_v equa_o divide_v the_o enterprise_n be_v prosperous_a they_o beat_v the_o saracen_n drive_v they_o out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o possess_v it_o when_o they_o have_v do_v 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those_o state_n he_o make_v use_v of_o the_o pope_n mediation_n who_o ready_o comply_v be_v desirous_a to_o oblige_v roberto_n that_o he_o may_v defend_v he_o against_o the_o german_a emperor_n and_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o it_o afterward_o happen_v as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o that_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o gregory_n vii_o he_o force_v enrico_n from_o rome_n and_o suppress_v the_o sedition_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n robert_n be_v succeed_v by_o two_o of_o his_o son_n roger_n and_o william_n to_o their_o inheritance_n they_o annex_v the_o city_n of_o naples_n and_o all_o the_o country_n betwixt_o it_o and_o rome_n beside_o that_o they_o subdue_v sicily_n of_o which_o roger_n be_v make_v lord_n but_o william_n go_v afterward_o to_o constantinople_n to_o marry_v that_o emperor_n daughter_n roger_n take_v advantage_n of_o his_o absence_n seize_v upon_o his_o country_n and_o elate_v by_o so_o great_a a_o acquest_n cause_v himself_o first_o to_o be_v call_v king_n of_o italy_n but_o afterward_o content_v himself_o with_o the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o puglia_n and_o sicily_n he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o give_v name_n and_o law_n to_o that_o kingdom_n sicily_n which_o to_o this_o day_n it_o retain_v though_o many_o time_n since_o not_o only_o the_o royal_a blood_n but_o the_o nation_n have_v be_v change_v for_o upon_o failure_n of_o the_o norman_a race_n that_o kingdom_n devolve_v to_o the_o german_n from_o they_o to_o the_o french_a from_o the_o french_a to_o the_o spaniard_n and_o from_o the_o spaniard_n to_o the_o flemens_n with_o who_o it_o remain_v at_o this_o present_a urban_n ii_o though_o very_o odious_a in_o rome_n be_v get_v to_o be_v pope_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o dissension_n there_o pope_n not_o think_v himself_o secure_a in_o italy_n he_o remove_v with_o his_o whole_a clergy_n into_o france_n have_v assemble_v many_o people_n together_o at_o anvers_n he_o undertake_v a_o generous_a enterprise_n and_o by_o a_o learned_a oration_n against_o the_o infidel_n kindle_v such_o a_o fire_n in_o their_o mind_n they_o resolve_v upon_o a_o expedition_n into_o asia_n against_o the_o saracen_n which_o expedition_n as_o all_o other_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n be_v call_v afterward_o crociate_v because_o all_o that_o go_v along_o in_o it_o carry_v a_o red_a cross_n upon_o their_o arm_n crusade_n and_o their_o clothes_n the_o chief_a commander_n in_o this_o enterprise_n be_v gottofredi_n eustachio_n alduino_n di_fw-fr buglione_n earl_n of_o bologna_n and_o peter_n the_o hermit_n a_o man_n of_o singular_a veneration_n both_o for_o his_o prudence_n and_o piety_n many_o prince_n and_o nation_n assist_v with_o their_o purse_n and_o many_o private_a man_n serve_v as_o volunteer_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n so_o great_a a_o influence_n have_v religion_n in_o those_o day_n upon_o the_o spirit_n of_o man_n encourage_v by_o the_o example_n of_o their_o several_a commander_n at_o first_o the_o enterprise_n be_v very_o successful_a all_o asia_n minor_fw-la syria_n and_o part_n of_o egypt_n fall_v under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o christian_n during_o which_o war_n the_o order_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o jerusalem_n be_v institute_v and_o continue_v a_o long_a time_n in_o rhodes_n as_o a_o bulwark_n against_o the_o turk_n not_o long_o after_o the_o order_n of_o the_o knight_n templar_n be_v found_v but_o it_o last_v not_o long_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o dissoluteness_n of_o their_o manner_n at_o sundry_a time_n after_o these_o thing_n upon_o sundry_a occasion_n many_o accident_n fall_v out_o in_o which_o several_a nation_n and_o particular_a man_n signalise_v themselves_o there_o be_v engage_v in_o this_o expedition_n the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n the_o state_n of_o pisa_n venice_n and_o genoa_n all_o behave_v themselves_o with_o great_a bravery_n and_o sight_v with_o variety_n of_o fortune_n till_o the_o time_n of_o saladine_n the_o saracen_n but_o his_o courage_n and_o virtue_n improve_v by_o intestine_a difference_n among_o the_o christian_n rob_v they_o of_o the_o glory_n they_o have_v gain_v at_o the_o first_o and_o chase_v they_o out_o of_o a_o country_n where_o for_o ninety_o year_n they_o have_v be_v so_o honourable_o â—d_a and_o so_o happy_o place_v after_o the_o death_n of_o pope_n urban_n pascal_n ii_o be_v choose_v to_o succeed_v he_o and_o enrico_n iv._o make_v emperor_n who_o come_v to_o rome_n and_o pretend_v great_a friendship_n to_o the_o pope_n take_v his_o advantage_n clap_v both_o he_o and_o his_o clergy_n in_o prison_n and_o never_o discharge_v they_o till_o they_o have_v empower_v he_o to_o dispose_v of_o the_o church_n in_o germany_n as_o he_o please_v himself_o about_o this_o time_n matilda_n the_o countess_n die_v and_o give_v her_o patrimony_n to_o the_o church_n after_o the_o death_n of_o pascal_n and_o enric_n many_o pope_n and_o many_o emperor_n succeed_v 3d._n till_o the_o papacy_n fall_v to_o alexander_n iii_o and_o the_o empire_n to_o frederick_n barbarossa_n a_o swede_n the_o pope_n of_o those_o day_n have_v many_o controversy_n with_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o emperor_n which_o till_o the_o time_n of_o barbarossa_n rather_o increase_v than_o otherwise_o frederick_n be_v a_o excellent_a soldier_n but_o so_o haughty_a and_o high_a he_o can_v not_o brook_v to_o give_v place_n to_o the_o pope_n notwithstanding_o he_o come_v to_o rome_n to_o be_v crown_v and_o return_v peaceable_o into_o germany_n but_o that_o humour_n last_v but_o little_a for_o he_o return_v short_o into_o italy_n to_o reduce_v some_o town_n in_o lombardy_n which_o deny_v he_o obedience_n in_o this_o juncture_n cardinal_n di_fw-it s._n clement_n a_o roman_n bear_v divide_v from_o pope_n alexander_n be_v make_v pope_n himself_o by_o a_o faction_n in_o the_o conclave_n frederick_n the_o emperor_n be_v then_o encamp_v before_o crema_fw-la antipope_n alexander_n complain_v to_o he_o of_o the_o antipope_n frederick_n reply_v that_o they_o shall_v both_o of_o they_o appear_v personal_o before_o he_o and_o that_o then_o hear_v faithful_o what_o each_o of_o they_o can_v say_v he_o shall_v be_v better_a able_a to_o determine_v which_o be_v in_o the_o right_n alexander_n be_v not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v with_o the_o answer_n but_o perceive_v the_o emperor_n incline_v to_o the_o adversary_n he_o excommunicate_v he_o and_o run_v away_o to_o king_n philip_n of_o france_n for_o all_o that_o frederick_n prosecute_v his_o war_n in_o lombardy_n take_v and_o dismantle_v milan_n which_o put_v the_o city_n of_o verona_n milan_n and_o venice_n upon_o a_o confederacy_n for_o their_o common_a defence_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o antipope_n die_v and_o frederick_n presume_v to_o create_v guidâ—_n of_o cremona_n in_o his_o place_n the_o roman_n take_v advantage_n of_o the_o pope_n absence_n and_o the_o emperor_n diversion_n in_o lombardy_n have_v reassumed_a something_o of_o their_o former_a authority_n and_o begin_v to_o require_v obedience_n in_o the_o
sometime_o more_o of_o their_o senator_n with_o the_o same_o power_n the_o league_n continue_v all_o the_o while_n into_o which_o the_o city_n of_o lombardy_n have_v enter_v against_o frederick_n barbarossa_n and_o the_o city_n be_v these_o milan_n brescia_n mantua_n with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o city_n in_o romagna_n beside_o verona_n vicenza_n milan_n and_o trevigi_n the_o city_n on_o the_o emperor_n side_n be_v cremona_n bergamo_n parma_n reggio_n modena_n and_o trenta_fw-la the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n of_o lombardy_n romagna_n and_o the_o marquisate_n of_o trevizan_n take_v part_n according_a to_o their_o interest_n sometime_o with_o this_o sometime_o with_o the_o other_o party_n in_o the_o time_n of_o otto_n iii_n one_o ezelino_n come_v into_o italy_n of_o who_o loin_n there_o remain_v a_o son_n call_v also_o ezelino_n be_v powerful_a and_o rich_a he_o join_v himself_o with_o frederick_n two_o who_o as_o be_v say_v before_o be_v become_v a_o enemy_n to_o the_o pope_n by_o the_o encouragement_n and_o assistance_n of_o this_o ezelino_n frederick_n come_v into_o italy_n take_v verona_n and_o mantua_n demolish_a vicenza_n seize_v upon_o padova_n defeat_v the_o unite_a force_n of_o those_o part_n and_o when_o he_o have_v do_v advance_v towards_o toscany_n whilst_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n ezelino_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o trevizan_n ferrara_n they_o can_v not_o take_v be_v defend_v by_o azone_n da_fw-mi esti_n and_o some_o regiment_n of_o the_o pope_n in_o lombardy_n ferrara_n whereupon_o when_o the_o siege_n be_v draw_v off_o his_o holiness_n give_v that_o city_n in_o fee_n to_o azone_n da_fw-mi esti_n from_o who_o those_o who_o be_v lord_n of_o it_o at_o this_o day_n be_v descend_v frederick_n stop_v and_o fix_v himself_o at_o pisa_n be_v desirous_a to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o tuscany_n and_o by_o the_o distinction_n he_o make_v betwixt_o his_o friend_n and_o his_o foe_n in_o that_o province_n raise_v such_o ammosites_n emperor_n as_o prove_v afterward_o the_o destruction_n of_o all_o italy_n for_o both_o guelf_n and_o gibilins_n increase_v every_o day_n the_o first_o side_v with_o the_o church_n the_o other_o with_o the_o emperor_n and_o be_v call_v first_o by_o those_o name_n in_o the_o city_n of_o pistoia_n frederick_n be_v at_o length_n remove_v from_o pisa_n make_v great_a devastation_n and_o several_a inroad_n into_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o church_n in_o so_o much_o that_o the_o pope_n have_v no_o other_o remedy_n proclaim_v the_o croifada_n against_o he_o as_o his_o predecessor_n have_v do_v against_o the_o saracen_n frederick_n leave_v he_o shall_v be_v leave_v in_o the_o lurch_n by_o his_o own_o people_n as_o frederick_n barbarossa_n and_o other_o of_o his_o ancestor_n have_v be_v before_o entertain_v into_o his_o pay_n great_a number_n of_o the_o saracen_n and_o to_o oblige_v they_o to_o he_o and_o strengthen_v his_o opposition_n to_o the_o pope_n by_o a_o party_n that_o shall_v not_o be_v afraid_a of_o his_o cursâ—s_n he_o give_v they_o nocera_n in_o that_o kingdom_n to_o the_o end_n that_o have_v a_o retreat_n in_o their_o own_o hand_n pope_n they_o may_v serve_v he_o with_o more_o confidence_n and_o security_n at_o this_o time_n innocent_n iv._o be_v pope_n who_o be_v apprehensive_a of_o frederick_n remove_v to_o genoa_n and_o thence_o into_o france_n where_o he_o call_v a_o counsel_n at_o lion_n and_o frederick_n design_v to_o have_v be_v there_o have_v he_o not_o be_v retain_v by_o the_o rebellion_n of_o parma_n have_v have_v ill_a fortune_n in_o the_o suppress_n of_o that_o he_o march_v away_o into_o tuscany_n and_o from_o thence_o into_o sicily_n where_o he_o die_v not_o long_o after_o leave_v his_o son_n currado_n in_o sâ—evia_n and_o in_o puglia_n his_o natural_a son_n manfredi_n who_o he_o have_v make_v duke_n of_o benevento_n currado_n go_v to_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o kingdom_n die_v at_o naples_n and_o leave_v only_o one_o lâ—â—tle_a son_n behind_o he_o in_o germany_n who_o be_v call_v currado_n by_o his_o own_o name_n by_o which_o mean_n manfred_n first_o as_o tutor_n to_o currado_n get_v into_o the_o government_n and_o afterward_o give_v out_o that_o his_o pupil_n be_v dead_a he_o make_v himself_o king_n and_o force_v the_o pope_n and_o neapolitan_n who_o oppose_v it_o to_o consent_v whilst_o affair_n in_o that_o kingdom_n be_v in_o that_o posture_n many_o commotion_n happen_v in_o lombardy_n betwixt_o the_o guelf_n and_o the_o gibilin_n the_o guelf_n be_v head_v by_o a_o legate_n from_o the_o pope_n the_o gibilin_n by_o ezelino_n who_o at_o that_o time_n have_v in_o his_o possession_n all_o that_o part_n of_o lombardy_n on_o this_o side_n the_o poe._n and_o because_o while_o he_o be_v entertain_v in_o this_o war_n the_o city_n of_o padova_n rebel_v he_o cause_v 12000_o of_o they_o to_o be_v slay_v and_o not_o long_o after_o before_o the_o war_n be_v end_v die_v himself_o in_o the_o thirty_o year_n of_o his_o age_n upon_o his_o death_n all_o those_o country_n which_o have_v be_v in_o his_o hand_n become_v free_a manfredi_n king_n of_o naples_n continue_v his_o malevolence_n to_o the_o church_n as_o his_o ancestor_n have_v do_v before_o he_o hold_v pope_n urban_n iv._o in_o perpetual_a anxiety_n so_o that_o at_o length_n he_o be_v constrain_v to_o convoke_v the_o crociata_n against_o he_o and_o to_o retire_v into_o perugiâ—_n till_o he_o can_v get_v his_o force_n together_o but_o find_v they_o come_v in_o slow_o and_o thin_a conceive_v that_o to_o the_o overcome_v of_o manfred_n great_a supply_n will_v be_v necessary_a he_o address_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n make_v his_o brother_n charles_n duke_n of_o angio_n king_n of_o sicily_n and_o naples_n and_o excite_v he_o to_o come_v into_o italy_n and_o take_v possession_n of_o those_o kingdom_n pope_n before_o charles_n can_v get_v to_o rome_n the_o pope_n die_v and_o clement_n v._o succeed_v in_o his_o place_n in_o the_o say_v clement_n time_n charles_n with_o 30_o galley_n arrive_v at_o ostia_n have_v order_v the_o rest_n of_o his_o force_n to_o meet_v he_o by_o land_n during_o his_o residence_n at_o rome_n as_o a_o compliment_n to_o he_o the_o roman_n make_v he_o a_o senator_n and_o the_o pope_n invest_v he_o in_o that_o kingdom_n with_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v pay_v 50_o thousand_o florin_n yearly_a to_o the_o church_n and_o publish_v a_o decree_n that_o for_o the_o future_a neither_o charles_n nor_o any_o that_o shall_v succeed_v he_o in_o that_o kingdom_n shall_v be_v capable_a of_o be_v emperor_n after_o which_o charles_n advance_v against_o manfred_n fight_v with_o he_o beat_v he_o and_o kill_v he_o near_o benâ—vento_n thereby_o make_v himself_o king_n of_o sicily_n and_o that_o kingdom_n corradino_n to_o who_o that_o state_n devolve_v by_o his_o father_n testament_n gather_v what_o force_v together_o he_o can_v in_o germany_n march_v into_o italy_n against_o charles_n and_o engage_v he_o at_o tagliacozza_n be_v present_o defeat_v and_o be_v afterward_o discover_v in_o his_o flight_n take_v and_o slay_v italy_n continue_v quiet_a till_o the_o papacy_n of_o adrian_n v._n who_o not_o endure_v that_o charles_n shall_v continue_v in_o rome_n and_o govern_v all_o 〈◊〉_d he_o do_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o senatorship_n he_o remove_v to_o vitâ—rbo_n pope_n and_o solicit_v ridolfus_n the_o emperor_n to_o come_v into_o italy_n against_o he_o in_o this_o manner_n the_o pope_n sometime_o for_o defence_n of_o religion_n sometime_o out_o of_o their_o own_o private_a ambition_n call_v in_o new_a man_n and_o by_o consequence_n new_a war_n into_o italy_n and_o no_o soon_o have_v they_o advance_v any_o of_o they_o but_o they_o repent_v of_o what_o they_o have_v do_v and_o seek_v immediate_o to_o remove_v he_o nor_o will_v they_o suffer_v any_o province_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o weakness_n they_o be_v unable_a themselves_o to_o subdue_v to_o be_v enjoy_v quiet_o by_o any_o body_n else_o the_o prince_n be_v all_o afraid_a of_o they_o for_o whether_o by_o fight_v or_o fly_v they_o common_o overcome_v unless_o circumvent_v by_o some_o stratagem_n as_o boniface_n viii_o and_o some_o other_o be_v by_o the_o emperor_n under_o pretence_n of_o friendship_n and_o amity_n ridolfus_n be_v retain_v by_o his_o war_n with_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n be_v not_o at_o leisure_n to_o visit_v italy_n before_o adrian_n be_v dead_a 〈◊〉_d he_o which_o succeed_v he_o be_v nicolas_n the_o iii_o of_o the_o house_n of_o ursin_n a_o dare_a ambitious_a man_n who_o resolve_v to_o take_v down_o the_o authority_n of_o charles_n contrive_v that_o ridolfus_n the_o emperor_n shall_v complain_v of_o charles_n his_o governor_n in_o tuscany_n of_o his_o side_v with_o the_o guelf_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o manfred_n have_v be_v receive_v and_o protect_v in_o that_o province_n to_o comply_v with_o the_o
the_o adriatic_a sea_n which_o be_v not_o inhabit_v they_o escape_v after_o they_o themselves_o the_o padovans_n see_v the_o fire_n so_o near_o they_o conclude_v when_o aquilegia_fw-la be_v take_v his_o next_o visit_n will_v be_v to_o they_o send_v away_o their_o good_n wife_n child_n and_o unserviceable_a people_n to_o a_o place_n in_o the_o same_o sea_n call_v rivo_n alto_n leave_v the_o young_a man_n and_o such_o as_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v arm_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o town_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o montfelice_n and_o the_o hill_n about_o it_o fear_v the_o same_o destiny_n remove_v to_o the_o same_o island_n aquilegia_fw-la be_v take_v and_o padova_n montfelice_n vicenza_n and_o verona_n overcome_v and_o sack_v by_o aâ—tila's_n army_n those_o which_o remain_v of_o the_o padovans_n and_o the_o most_o considerable_a of_o the_o rest_n settle_v their_o habitation_n in_o certain_a fen_n and_o marsh_n about_o the_o aforesaid_a rivo_n alto_n and_o all_o the_o people_n about_o that_o province_n which_o be_v ancient_o call_v venetia_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o their_o country_n by_o the_o same_o calamity_n join_v themselves_o with_o they_o change_v by_o necessity_n their_o pleasant_a and_o plentiful_a habitation_n for_o rude_a and_o barren_a place_n void_a of_o all_o commodity_n and_o convenience_n but_o their_o number_n be_v great_a and_o their_o quarter_n but_o small_a in_o a_o short_a time_n they_o make_v it_o not_o only_o habitable_a but_o delightful_a frame_v such_o law_n and_o order_n to_o themselves_o as_o secure_v they_o against_o misery_n of_o their_o neighbour_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n make_v they_o considerable_a both_o for_o reputation_n and_o force_n so_o that_o besides_o their_o first_o inhabitant_n many_o people_n resort_v to_o they_o from_o the_o city_n of_o lombardy_n upon_o occasion_n of_o the_o cruelty_n of_o clefi_n king_n of_o the_o lombard_n they_o multiply_v so_o fast_o that_o when_o pepin_n king_n of_o france_n at_o the_o solicitation_n of_o the_o pope_n undertake_v to_o drive_v the_o lombard_n out_o of_o italy_n in_o the_o treaty_n betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o emperor_n of_o greece_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o duke_n of_o benevento_n and_o the_o venetian_n shall_v be_v subject_a neither_o to_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o but_o enjoy_v their_o liberty_n to_o themselves_o moreover_o necessity_n have_v determine_v their_o habitation_n among_o the_o water_n have_v no_o land_n to_o supply_v they_o it_o force_v they_o to_o look_v about_o which_o way_n they_o may_v live_v and_o apply_v to_o navigation_n they_o begin_v to_o trade_n about_o the_o world_n and_o not_o only_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o necessary_a provision_n but_o by_o degree_n bring_v thither_o such_o variety_n of_o merchandise_n that_o other_o people_n which_o have_v need_n of_o they_o come_v to_o they_o to_o be_v supply_v at_o first_o have_v no_o thought_n of_o dominion_n they_o be_v whole_o intent_n upon_o what_o may_v facilitate_v their_o trade_n and_o in_o order_n thereunto_o they_o acquire_v several_a port_n french_a both_o in_o greece_n and_o syria_n and_o in_o their_o passage_n into_o asia_n the_o french_a make_v use_n of_o their_o ship_n they_o give_v they_o by_o way_n of_o recompense_n the_o island_n of_o candia_n while_o they_o live_v at_o this_o rate_n their_o name_n be_v grow_v formidable_a at_o sea_n and_o so_o venerable_a at_o land_n that_o in_o most_o controversy_n betwixt_o their_o neighbour_n they_o be_v the_o only_a arbitrator_n as_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o confederate_n upon_o the_o division_n of_o the_o town_n where_o the_o cause_n be_v refer_v to_o they_o they_o award_v bergamo_n and_o brescia_n to_o the_o visconti_n but_o have_v afterward_o in_o process_n of_o time_n conquer_v padova_n vicenza_n trivegi_n and_o after_o they_o verona_n bergamo_n and_o brescia_n beside_o several_a town_n in_o romagna_n and_o else_o where_o their_o power_n begin_v to_o be_v so_o considerable_a that_o not_o only_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n but_o the_o great_a and_o most_o remote_a king_n be_v afraid_a to_o provoke_v they_o whereupon_o enter_v into_o a_o conspiracy_n against_o they_o the_o venetian_n lose_v all_o in_o one_o day_n that_o in_o so_o many_o year_n and_o with_o so_o vast_a expense_n they_o have_v be_v gain_v and_o though_o in_o our_o time_n they_o may_v have_v recover_v it_o in_o part_n yet_o not_o have_v regain_v their_o reputation_n and_o power_n they_o live_v at_o the_o mercy_n of_o other_o people_n as_o indeed_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n do_v pope_n benedict_n xii_o be_v pope_n look_v upon_o italy_n as_o lose_v and_o fear_v that_o lodovic_n the_o emperor_n shall_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o he_o resolve_v to_o enter_v into_o strict_a amity_n with_o all_o those_o who_o hold_v any_o land_n that_o belong_v former_o to_o the_o empire_n presume_v their_o fear_n to_o be_v dispossess_v will_v make_v they_o faithful_a in_o the_o defence_n of_o italy_n and_o zealous_a to_o keep_v he_o out_o according_o he_o publish_v a_o decree_n to_o confirm_v all_o the_o usurp_a title_n in_o lombardy_n and_o to_o continue_v their_o possession_n but_o that_o pope_n die_v before_o his_o promise_n can_v be_v make_v good_a pope_n and_o clement_n vi_o succeed_a he_o the_o emperor_n observe_v with_o what_o liberality_n the_o pope_n have_v dispose_v of_o the_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o empire_n that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v behind_o he_o in_o so_o generous_a a_o point_n he_o give_v all_o land_n that_o have_v be_v usurp_v from_o the_o church_n to_o such_o person_n as_o have_v usurp_v they_o to_o hold_v they_o of_o the_o empire_n as_o the_o other_o of_o the_o pope_n by_o which_o donation_n galeotto_n maletesti_n and_o his_o brother_n become_v lord_n of_o rimini_n pesaro_n and_o fano_fw-la antonio_n da_fw-it montefeltro_fw-it of_o la_fw-fr marca_n and_o urbino_n gentil_n da_fw-mi varano_n of_o camerino_n giovanni_n manfredi_n of_o faenza_n guido_n di_fw-it polenta_fw-la of_o ravenna_n sinebaldo_n or_o delaffi_n of_o furli_fw-la and_o cesena_n lodovico_n aledosi_n of_o imola_n beside_o many_o other_o in_o other_o place_n so_o that_o of_o all_o the_o land_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o left_a without_o a_o interloper_n by_o which_o mean_n till_o the_o time_n of_o alexander_n vi_o the_o church_n be_v very_o weak_a but_o he_o recover_v its_o authority_n in_o our_o day_n with_o the_o destruction_n of_o most_o of_o their_o posterity_n at_o the_o time_n of_o this_o concession_n the_o emperor_n be_v at_o taranto_n where_o he_o give_v out_o his_o design_n be_v for_o italy_n which_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o great_a war_n in_o lombardy_n in_o which_o the_o visconti_n make_v themselves_o lord_n of_o parma_n about_o this_o time_n robert_n king_n of_o naples_n die_v and_o leave_v two_o grand_a child_n by_o his_o son_n charles_n who_o die_v not_o long_o before_o leave_v his_o elder_a daughter_n giovanna_n heir_n to_o the_o crown_n with_o injunction_n to_o marry_v andrâ—a_n son_n to_o the_o king_n of_o hungary_n who_o be_v his_o nephew_n but_o they_o live_v not_o long_o together_o before_o andrea_n be_v poison_v by_o she_o and_o she_o marry_v again_o to_o lodovic_n prince_n of_o taranto_n her_o near_a kinsman_n but_o lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n brother_n to_o andrea_n to_o revenge_v his_o death_n come_v into_o italy_n with_o a_o army_n and_o drive_v giovanna_n and_o her_o husband_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n about_o these_o time_n there_o happen_v a_o very_a memorable_a passage_n in_o rome_n one_o nicholas_n di_fw-it lorenzo_n chancellor_n in_o the_o capitol_n have_v force_v the_o senate_n out_o of_o rome_n under_o the_o title_n of_o tribune_n make_v himself_o head_n of_o that_o commonwealth_n reduce_v it_o into_o its_o ancient_a form_n with_o so_o much_o justice_n and_o virtue_n that_o not_o only_o the_o neighbour_a province_n but_o all_o italy_n send_v ambassador_n to_o he_o the_o ancient_a province_n see_v that_o city_n so_o strange_o revive_v begin_v to_o lift_v up_o their_o head_n and_o pay_v it_o a_o respect_n some_o out_o of_o fear_n and_o some_o out_o of_o hope_n but_o nicholas_n notwithstanding_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o reputation_n not_o able_a to_o comport_v with_o so_o great_a a_o authority_n desert_v it_o himself_o for_o be_v overburthen_v with_o the_o weight_n of_o it_o he_o leave_v it_o in_o the_o very_a beginning_n and_o without_o any_o constraint_n steal_v private_o away_o to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n who_o by_o the_o pope_n order_n in_o affront_n to_o lewis_n of_o bavaria_n be_v make_v emperor_n and_o to_o gratify_v his_o patron_n he_o secure_v nicholas_n and_o clap_v he_o in_o prison_n not_o long_o after_o as_o it_o have_v be_v in_o imitation_n of_o nicholas_n one_o francisco_n baroncegli_n possess_v himself_o of_o the_o tribuneship_n and_o turn_v the_o senator_n out_o of_o rome_n so_o that_o the_o pope_n
accident_n drown_v his_o death_n be_v a_o great_a prejudice_n to_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o queen_n who_o thereupon_o will_v have_v run_v great_a hazard_n of_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o her_o kingdom_n have_v not_o her_o loss_n be_v supply_v by_o philip_n visconti_n duke_n of_o milan_n who_o force_v alphonso_n back_o again_o into_o arragon_n but_o braccio_n not_o at_o all_o discourage_v at_o alphonso_n departure_n continue_a war_n upon_o the_o queen_n and_o besiege_a aquila_n the_o pope_n look_v upon_o braccio_n greatness_n as_o a_o diminution_n to_o the_o church_n entertain_v francisco_n the_o son_n of_o sforza_n into_o his_o pay_n who_o march_v with_o a_o army_n to_o the_o relief_n of_o aquila_n engage_v braccio_n rout_v his_o army_n and_o slay_v he_o of_o braccio_n party_n there_o remain_v only_a otho_n his_o son_n from_o who_o the_o pope_n take_v perugia_n but_o leave_v he_o the_o government_n of_o montone_n but_o he_o also_o be_v not_o long_o after_o slay_v in_o romania_n in_o the_o florentine_a assistance_n so_o that_o of_o all_o those_o who_o fight_v under_o the_o discipline_n of_o braccio_n nicholas_n piccinino_n be_v the_o man_n now_o of_o great_a reputation_n be_v come_v thus_o near_o with_o our_o narrative_n to_o the_o time_n we_o design_v that_o which_o remain_v be_v considerable_a in_o nothing_o but_o the_o war_n which_o the_o florentine_n and_o the_o venetian_n have_v with_o philip_n duke_n of_o milan_n of_o which_o our_o relation_n shall_v be_v particular_a when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o florence_n we_o shall_v forbear_v to_o enlarge_v any_o far_a and_o only_o in_o short_a reduce_v it_o to_o memory_n in_o what_o state_n and_o posture_n italy_n then_o stand_v with_o its_o prince_n and_o army_n among_o the_o principal_a state_n ittaly_n queen_n giovanna_n hold_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n la_fw-fr marca_n the_o patrimony_n and_o romagna_fw-la part_v of_o their_o town_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n part_n to_o their_o particular_a governor_n or_o other_o which_o have_v usurp_v they_o as_o ferrara_n modena_n reggio_n to_o the_o family_n of_o the_o esti_n faenzi_n to_o the_o manfredi_n imola_n to_o the_o alidosi_n furli_fw-la to_o the_o ordelaffi_n rimini_n and_o pesaro_n to_o the_o malatesti_n and_o camerino_n to_o the_o house_n varana_n lombardy_n be_v divide_v part_n under_o duke_n philip_n and_o part_n under_o the_o venetian_a all_o the_o rest_n who_o have_v have_v any_o sovereignty_n or_o principality_n in_o those_o part_n be_v extinct_a except_o only_o the_o house_n of_o gonzagua_n which_o govern_v in_o mantua_n at_o that_o time_n of_o tuscany_n the_o great_a part_n be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o florentine_a lucca_n only_o and_o sienna_n live_v free_a under_o their_o own_o law_n lucca_n under_o the_o guinigi_n and_o sienna_n of_o itself_o the_o genovese_n be_v free_a sometime_o sometime_o under_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o french_a and_o sometime_o of_o the_o visconti_n they_o live_v without_o any_o great_a reputation_n and_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o mean_a and_o most_o inconsiderable_a state_n of_o that_o country_n their_o principal_a potentate_n be_v not_o themselves_o in_o command_n but_o their_o army_n manage_v by_o their_o general_n duke_n philip_n consign_v himself_o to_o his_o chamber_n and_o not_o be_v to_o be_v see_v his_o war_n be_v manage_v by_o commissioner_n the_o venetian_n alter_v their_o scene_n and_o make_v war_n by_o land_n they_o disbarque_v that_o army_n which_o have_v make_v they_o so_o glorious_a by_o sea_n and_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o their_o country_n give_v the_o command_n of_o it_o to_o other_o people_n the_o pope_n be_v a_o religious_a person_n and_o giovanna_n queen_n of_o naples_n a_o woman_n be_v not_o so_o proper_a to_o command_v in_o person_n and_o therefore_o do_v that_o by_o necessity_n which_o other_o do_v by_o indiscretion_n the_o florentine_n be_v under_o the_o same_o necessity_n for_o their_o frequent_a division_n have_v exhaust_v their_o nobility_n and_o the_o government_n of_o the_o city_n remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o as_o be_v breed_v up_o to_o merchandise_n in_o their_o war_n they_o be_v force_v to_o follow_v the_o fortune_n and_o direction_n of_o stranget_n so_o that_o the_o army_n all_o italy_n over_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o small_a prince_n or_o such_o as_o have_v no_o sovereignty_n at_o all_o those_o small_a prince_n embrace_v those_o command_n not_o from_o any_o impulse_n or_o stimulation_n of_o glory_n but_o to_o live_v plentiful_o and_o safe_a the_o other_o education_n have_v be_v small_a not_o know_v what_o other_o course_n to_o take_v they_o take_v up_o arm_n hope_v thereby_o to_o gain_v either_o honour_n or_o estate_n among_o these_o the_o most_o eminent_a be_v carmignuola_n francisco_n sforza_n nicholo_n piccinino_n bring_v up_o under_o braccio_n agnolo_fw-it della_fw-it pergola_n lorenzo_n and_o micheletto_n attenduli_n il_fw-fr tartaglia_n giaccopaccio_n ceccolino_n da_fw-mi perugia_n nicolo_n da_fw-mi tolentino_n guido_n torello_n antonio_n dal_n ponte_n ad_fw-la hera_n and_o many_o other_o with_o these_o may_v be_v reckon_v those_o prince_n which_o i_o have_v mention_v before_o to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o baron_n of_o rome_n the_o orsini_n colonnesi_n and_o other_o lord_n and_o gentleman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lombardy_n who_o depend_v upon_o the_o war_n have_v settle_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o league_n and_o intelligence_n betwixt_o themselves_o model_v it_o with_o that_o artifice_n and_o temporize_v so_o exact_o that_o most_o common_o who_o ever_o be_v enemy_n both_o side_n be_v sure_a to_o be_v loser_n by_o this_o mean_n the_o art_n of_o war_n become_v so_o mean_a and_o unserviceable_a every_o little_a officer_n that_o have_v but_o the_o least_o spark_n of_o experience_n can_v have_v easy_o correct_v it_o of_o these_o lazy_a prince_n and_o their_o despicable_a officer_n shall_v be_v the_o subject_n of_o my_o ensue_a discourse_n but_o before_o i_o come_v to_o it_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a according_a to_o my_o promise_n at_o first_o to_o deduce_v florence_n from_o its_o original_a and_o give_v every_o one_o a_o clear_a prospect_n what_o be_v the_o state_n of_o that_o city_n in_o those_o time_n and_o by_o what_o mean_v it_o arrive_v at_o it_o through_o the_o imbroilment_n of_o a_o thousand_o year_n in_o which_o italy_n be_v involve_v the_o history_n of_o florence_n book_n ii_o among_o the_o great_a and_o admirable_a order_n of_o former_a kingdom_n and_o commonwealth_n though_o in_o our_o time_n it_o be_v discontinue_v and_o lose_v it_o be_v the_o custom_n upon_o every_o occasion_n to_o build_v new_a town_n and_o city_n and_o indeed_o nothing_o be_v more_o worthy_a and_o become_v a_o excellent_a prince_n a_o well-disposed_a commonwealth_n nor_o more_o for_o the_o interest_n and_o advantage_n of_o a_o province_n than_o to_o erect_v new_a town_n where_o man_n may_v cohabit_v with_o more_o convenience_n colonies_n both_o for_o agriculture_n and_o defence_n for_o beside_o the_o beauty_n and_o ornament_n which_o follow_v upon_o that_o custom_n it_o render_v such_o province_n as_o be_v conquer_a more_o dutiful_a and_o secure_a to_o the_o conqueror_n plant_v the_o void_a place_n and_o make_v a_o commodious_a distribution_n of_o the_o people_n upon_o which_o live_v regular_o and_o in_o order_n they_o do_v not_o only_o multiply_v fast_a but_o be_v more_o ready_a to_o invade_v and_o more_o able_a for_o defence_n but_o by_o the_o negligence_n and_o omission_n of_o commonwealth_n and_o principalite_n this_o method_n be_v at_o present_a disuse_v the_o province_n be_v become_v weak_a and_o some_o of_o they_o ruin_v for_o as_o i_o say_v before_o it_o be_v this_o order_n alone_o that_o secure_v a_o country_n and_o supply_v it_o with_o people_n the_o security_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o in_o a_o new_a conquer_a country_n a_o colony_n place_v by_o authority_n be_v a_o fortress_n and_o guard_n to_o keep_v the_o native_n in_o obedience_n neither_o without_o this_o can_v a_o province_n continue_v inhabit_v or_o preserve_v a_o just_a distribution_n of_o the_o people_n because_o all_o place_n be_v not_o equal_o fertile_a or_o healthful_a where_o it_o be_v barren_a they_o desert_n where_o unwholesome_a they_o die_v and_o unless_o there_o be_v some_o way_n to_o invite_v or_o dispose_v new_a man_n to_o the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o that_o province_n must_v fail_v the_o abandon_v some_o place_n leave_v they_o desolate_a and_o weak_a and_o the_o throng_a to_o other_o make_v they_o indigent_a and_o poor_a and_o forasmuch_o as_o these_o inconvenience_n be_v not_o to_o be_v remedy_v by_o nature_n art_n and_o industry_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v and_o we_o see_v many_o country_n which_o be_v natural_o unhealthful_a much_o better_v by_o the_o multitude_n of_o inhabitant_n the_o earth_n be_v purify_v by_o their_o tillage_n and_o the_o air_n by_o their_o fire_n which_o nature_n alone_o will_v never_o have_v
which_o be_v banish_v and_o send_v many_o new_a one_o into_o banishment_n after_o they_o the_o citizen_n be_v question_v and_o molest_v not_o only_o for_o their_o inclination_n to_o the_o party_n but_o for_o their_o wealth_n their_o relation_n and_o private_a correspondency_n and_o have_v this_o proscription_n proceed_v to_o blood_n it_o have_v be_v as_o bad_a as_o octaviano_n or_o silla_n nor_o be_v it_o altogether_o without_o for_o antonio_n di_fw-it bernardo_n be_v behead_v and_o four_o other_o cizen_n of_o which_o zanobi_n bel_n fratelli_n and_o cosimo_n barbadori_n be_v two_o who_o have_v escape_v out_o of_o their_o dominion_n and_o be_v get_v to_o venice_n the_o venetian_n value_v cosimo_n friend_n ship_n before_o their_o own_o honour_n and_o reputation_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v secure_v send_v they_o prisoner_n home_n where_o they_o be_v most_o unworthy_o put_v to_o death_n however_o that_o example_n give_v great_a advantage_n to_o cosimo_n party_n and_o great_a terror_n to_o the_o adverse_a when_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o so_o potent_a a_o republic_n shall_v sell_v its_o liberty_n to_o the_o florentine_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v do_v not_o so_o much_o in_o kindness_n to_o cosimo_n as_o to_o revive_v and_o incense_v the_o faction_n in_o florence_n and_o by_o engage_v they_o in_o blood_n to_o render_v the_o animosity_n in_o that_o city_n irreconcilable_a the_o venetian_n be_v jealous_a of_o no_o other_o obstruction_n to_o their_o greatness_n but_o the_o union_n of_o those_o party_n have_v pillage_v and_o banish_v all_o such_o as_o be_v enemy_n or_o suspect_v to_o be_v so_o to_o the_o state_n they_o apply_v themselves_o to_o charess_n and_o oblige_v new_a person_n to_o corroborate_v their_o party_n restore_v the_o family_n of_o the_o alberti_n florence_n and_o whoever_o else_o have_v be_v proclaim_v rebel_n to_o his_o country_n all_o the_o grandee_n except_o some_o few_o be_v reduce_v into_o the_o popular_a rank_n the_o estate_n of_o the_o rebel_n they_o sell_v to_o one_o another_o for_o a_o song_n after_o which_o they_o fortify_v themselves_o with_o new_a law_n new_a magistrate_n and_o new_a election_n pull_v out_o such_o as_o they_o think_v their_o enemy_n and_o fill_v the_o purse_n with_o the_o name_n of_o their_o friend_n but_o admonish_v by_o the_o ruin_n of_o their_o friend_n and_o think_v not_o enough_o for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o government_n to_o make_v the_o imborsation_n as_o they_o please_v they_o contrive_v that_o all_o officer_n of_o life_n and_o death_n shall_v be_v create_v out_o of_o the_o chief_a of_o their_o party_n and_o that_o the_o person_n who_o be_v to_o oversee_v the_o imborsation_n and_o the_o new_a squittini_n shall_v with_o the_o senator_n have_v power_n to_o create_v they_o to_o the_o eight_o of_o the_o guard_n they_o give_v authority_n of_o life_n and_o death_n they_o decree_v that_o the_o banish_a person_n shall_v not_o return_v though_o the_o time_n of_o their_o banishment_n be_v expire_v till_o leave_v give_v they_o by_o four_o and_o thirty_o of_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o college_n when_o their_o whole_a number_n amount_v but_o to_o thirty_o and_o seven_o they_o make_v it_o criminal_a to_o write_v or_o receive_v letter_n from_o they_o every_o word_n every_o sign_n every_o motion_n that_o be_v unpleasing_a to_o the_o governor_n be_v punish_v severe_o and_o if_o any_o one_o remain_v suspect_v who_o have_v escape_v these_o injury_n they_o load_v he_o with_o new_a duty_n and_o imposition_n till_o in_o a_o short_a time_n they_o have_v clear_v the_o city_n of_o their_o enemy_n and_o secure_v the_o government_n to_o themselves_o however_o that_o they_o may_v want_v no_o assistance_n from_o abroad_o and_o intercept_v it_o from_o such_o as_o shall_v design_v against_o they_o they_o enter_v into_o league_n with_o the_o pope_n the_o venetian_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n thing_n be_v in_o this_o posture_n in_o floreâ—ce_n giovanna_n queen_n of_o naples_n die_v and_o by_o will_n make_v rinieri_n dâ—_n angio_n her_o heir_n alphonso_n king_n of_o arragon_n be_v at_o that_o time_n in_o sicily_n and_o have_v good_a interest_n with_o many_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o that_o kingdom_n he_o prepare_v to_o possess_v it_o the_o neapolitan_n and_o several_a other_o of_o the_o lord_n be_v favourer_n of_o rinieri_n the_o pope_n have_v no_o mind_n that_o either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o shall_v have_v it_o but_o will_v willing_o have_v govern_v by_o a_o deputy_n of_o his_o own_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n alphonso_n arrive_v out_o of_o sicily_n and_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o sessa_o where_o he_o entertain_v certain_a prince_n into_o his_o pay_n with_o design_n have_v capua_n in_o his_o possession_n which_o be_v govern_v at_o that_o time_n in_o his_o name_n by_o the_o prince_n of_o taranto_n to_o force_v the_o neapolitan_n to_o his_o will_n wherefore_o he_o send_v his_o army_n against_o caietta_n which_o be_v defend_v by_o a_o garrison_n of_o neapolitan_n upon_o this_o invasion_n the_o neapolitan_n demand_v assistance_n of_o philip_n who_o recommend_v the_o enterprise_n to_o the_o people_n of_o genoa_n the_o genoeses_n not_o only_o to_o gratify_v the_o duke_n who_o be_v their_o prince_n but_o to_o preserve_v the_o good_n and_o effect_n which_o they_o have_v at_o that_o time_n both_o in_o naples_n and_o caietta_n rig_v out_o a_o strong_a fleet_n immediate_o alphonso_n have_v news_n of_o their_o preparation_n reinforce_v himself_o go_v in_o person_n against_o the_o genoeses_n and_o come_v to_o a_o engagement_n with_o they_o of_o the_o island_n of_o pontus_n he_o be_v beat_v take_v prisoner_n with_o several_a other_o prince_n and_o present_v by_o the_o genoeses_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o duke_n philip._n philip._n this_o victory_n astonish_v all_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n who_o have_v any_o apprehension_n of_o the_o power_n of_o philip_n believe_v it_o will_v give_v he_o opportunity_n to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o all_o but_o he_o so_o different_a be_v the_o judgement_n of_o man_n take_v his_o measure_n quite_o contrary_a alphonso_n be_v a_o wise_a and_o prudent_a prince_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v convenience_n of_o discourse_v with_o philip_n remonstrate_v to_o he_o how_o much_o he_o be_v mistake_v in_o side_v with_o rinieri_n for_o that_o assure_o have_v make_v himself_o king_n of_o naples_n he_o will_v endeavour_v with_o all_o his_o power_n to_o bring_v milan_n in_o subjection_n to_o the_o french_a that_o his_o assistance_n may_v be_v near_o he_o and_o that_o upon_o any_o distress_n he_o may_v not_o be_v put_v to_o it_o to_o force_v a_o way_n for_o his_o supply_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o way_n to_o do_v it_o so_o effectual_a as_o by_o ruine_v he_o and_o introduce_v the_o french_a that_o the_o contrary_n will_v happen_v by_o make_v alphonso_n prince_n for_o then_o have_v nobody_o to_o fear_v but_o the_o french_a he_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o love_v and_o charess_n the_o duke_n above_o any_o body_n in_o who_o power_n it_o will_v be_v to_o give_v his_o enemy_n a_o passage_n by_o which_o mean_v alponso_n shall_v have_v the_o title_n but_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n will_v remain_v in_o duke_n philip_n insomuch_o that_o it_o import_v the_o duke_n much_o more_o than_o himself_o to_o consider_v the_o danger_n of_o one_o side_n with_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o other_o unless_o he_o desire_v more_o to_o satisfy_v his_o passion_n than_o to_o secure_v his_o state_n for_o as_o by_o that_o way_n he_o will_v continue_v free_a and_o independent_a by_o the_o other_o lie_v betwixt_o two_o powerful_a prince_n he_o will_v lose_v his_o state_n quite_o or_o live_v in_o perpetual_a apprehension_n be_v a_o slave_n to_o they_o both_o these_o word_n wrought_v so_o much_o upon_o the_o duke_n that_o change_v his_o design_n he_o set_v alphonso_n at_o liberty_n send_v he_o back_o to_o genoa_n and_o from_o thence_o into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n where_o he_o land_v at_o caietta_n which_o upon_o the_o news_n of_o his_o enlargement_n have_v be_v seize_v by_o some_o lord_n of_o his_o party_n the_o genoeses_n understand_v how_o without_o any_o regard_n to_o they_o the_o duke_n have_v discharge_v the_o king_n and_o consider_v with_o themselves_o that_o of_o all_o their_o danger_n and_o expense_n he_o have_v ingross_v the_o honour_n impropriate_v the_o thanks_o of_o the_o king_n enlargement_n and_o leave_v they_o nothing_o but_o his_o regrate_a and_o indignation_n for_o have_v defeat_v and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n be_v high_o dissatisfy_v with_o the_o duke_n in_o the_o city_n of_o genoa_n cenoa_n when_o it_o have_v the_o free_a exercise_n of_o its_o liberty_n by_o the_o free_a suffrage_n of_o the_o people_n a_o chief_a be_v choose_v which_o they_o call_v their_o doge_fw-it not_o with_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o a_o prince_n to_o determine_v arbitrary_o of_o any_o thing_n but_o
now_o in_o his_o power_n to_o make_v he_o absolute_a master_n of_o lombardy_n and_o to_o put_v all_o his_o enemy_n into_o his_o hand_n he_o think_v it_o but_o reasonable_a as_o he_o be_v certain_a of_o his_o victory_n duke_n to_o be_v secure_v of_o his_o reward_n and_o therefore_o he_o do_v propose_v he_o may_v have_v the_o city_n of_o piacenza_n make_v over_o to_o he_o that_o when_o he_o have_v tire_v and_o wear_v himself_o out_o in_o his_o war_n he_o may_v have_v that_o town_n for_o his_o recess_n and_o at_o the_o last_o he_o take_v the_o boldness_n to_o threaten_v the_o duke_n with_o the_o quit_v his_o enterprise_n if_o he_o be_v not_o gratify_v in_o his_o demand_n this_o contumelious_a and_o insolent_a way_n of_o capitulation_n be_v so_o offensive_a and_o detestable_a to_o the_o duke_n that_o he_o resolve_v to_o lose_v all_o rather_o than_o comply_v so_o that_o this_o arrogance_n in_o nicolo_n wrought_v a_o effect_n upon_o he_o to_o which_o the_o arm_n nor_o the_o minaces_fw-la of_o the_o enemy_n can_v never_o reduce_v he_o and_o that_o be_v to_o make_v peace_n with_o the_o count_n to_o who_o he_o send_v guido_n buone_fw-it da_fw-it fortona_n with_o proposal_n of_o peace_n and_o the_o proffer_n of_o his_o daughter_n which_o be_v embrace_v with_o both_o arm_n by_o the_o count_n and_o his_o colleague_n all_o be_v private_o agree_v among_o themselves_o count_n the_o duke_n send_v a_o message_n to_o nicolo_n to_o require_v he_o to_o make_v a_o truce_n with_o the_o count_n for_o a_o twelve_o month_n pretend_v his_o treasure_n be_v low_a and_o have_v be_v so_o exhaust_v with_o the_o war_n that_o he_o can_v not_o but_o prefer_v a_o certain_a peace_n before_o a_o victory_n that_o be_v doubtful_a nicolo_n admire_v his_o resolution_n as_o not_o able_a to_o imagine_v what_o shall_v make_v he_o reject_v so_o glorious_a a_o victory_n not_o in_o the_o least_o suspect_v that_o he_o bogle_v at_o the_o remuneration_n of_o his_o friend_n and_o choose_v rather_o to_o let_v his_o enemy_n escape_n so_o that_o not_o obey_v he_o ready_o the_o duke_n be_v constrain_v to_o threaten_v that_o without_o immediate_a compliance_n he_o will_v deliver_v he_o up_o as_o a_o prey_n for_o his_o own_o soldier_n and_o his_o enemy_n whereupon_o nicolo_n submit_v but_o with_o the_o same_o alacrity_n as_o on_o that_o be_v force_v to_o forsake_v both_o his_o country_n and_o friend_n complain_v and_o lament_v his_o unhappiness_n who_o victory_n over_o his_o enemy_n be_v always_o interrupt_v either_o by_o his_o fortune_n or_o the_o duke_n the_o truce_n be_v make_v the_o marriage_n betwixt_o madonna_n bianca_n and_o the_o count_n be_v consummate_v and_o the_o city_n of_o cremona_n give_v to_o she_o in_o dower_n 1441_o after_o which_o the_o peace_n be_v conclude_v in_o november_n 1441_o at_o which_o for_o the_o venetian_n francisco_n barbadico_n and_o pagolo_fw-it frono_fw-it for_o the_o florentines_n agnolo_fw-it acciailo_n be_v present_a the_o venetian_n get_v by_o this_o peace_n peschiera_n asola_n and_o leonata_n a_o castle_n belong_v to_o the_o marquis_n of_o mantoâ—a_n the_o war_n in_o lombardy_n be_v end_v the_o only_a part_n of_o italy_n where_o there_o be_v any_o hostility_n be_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n which_o not_o be_v able_a to_o be_v compose_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o new_a trouble_n in_o lombardy_n during_o the_o war_n in_o those_o part_n alfonso_n of_o arragon_n have_v overrun_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o leave_v the_o king_n of_o rinato_n nothing_o at_o all_o but_o the_o country_n about_o the_o metropolis_n whereupon_o alfonso_n conceive_v the_o victory_n already_o in_o his_o hand_n resolve_v whilst_o he_o besiege_v naples_n to_o seize_v upon_o benevento_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o town_n which_o be_v yet_o remain_v to_o the_o count_n in_o those_o country_n suppose_v it_o may_v be_v do_v without_o much_o danger_n the_o count_n himself_o be_v employ_v in_o lombardy_n and_o his_o design_n succeed_v as_o easy_o as_o he_o imagine_v for_o he_o take_v all_o his_o town_n with_o little_a or_o no_o opposition_n but_o the_o news_n arrive_v of_o the_o peace_n in_o lombardy_n alfonso_n begin_v to_o apprehend_v lest_o the_o count_n to_o recover_v what_o he_o have_v lose_v shall_v join_v with_o rinato_n and_o rinato_n be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n send_v to_o invite_v and_o solicit_v the_o count_n that_o he_o will_v come_v and_o revenge_v himself_o of_o his_o enemy_n by_o relieve_v his_o friend_n on_o the_o otherside_n alfonso_n be_v as_o earnest_n with_o the_o duke_n that_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o friendship_n which_o be_v betwixt_o they_o he_o will_v give_v the_o count_n some_o diversion_n and_o by_o employ_v he_o in_o great_a affair_n enforce_v he_o from_o undertake_v of_o this_o philippo_n entertain_v the_o motion_n very_o ready_o not_o consider_v it_o entrench_v upon_o that_o peace_n which_o not_o long_o before_o he_o have_v conclude_v with_o so_o much_o prejudice_n to_o himself_o he_o cause_v therefore_o to_o be_v signify_v to_o the_o pope_n eâ—genius_n that_o then_o be_v the_o time_n to_o recover_v the_o town_n which_o the_o count_n have_v take_v from_o the_o church_n and_o for_o his_o easy_a success_n he_o proffer_v he_o nicolo_n piccinino_n who_o be_v in_o his_o pay_n during_o the_o war_n but_o discharge_v upon_o the_o peace_n and_o be_v at_o that_o time_n in_o romagna_n with_o his_o force_n the_o pope_n receive_v the_o proposition_n very_o joyful_o upon_o a_o double_a account_n both_o as_o he_o hate_v francisco_n and_o desire_v his_o own_o and_o though_o he_o have_v be_v cheat_v by_o nicolo_n once_o before_o yet_o now_o the_o duke_n interpose_v he_o can_v not_o suspect_v he_o in_o the_o least_o join_v his_o force_n therefore_o with_o nicolo_n he_o march_v into_o la_fw-fr marca_n the_o count_n be_v much_o alarm_v at_o the_o news_n get_v what_o strength_n together_o he_o can_v and_o go_v to_o encounter_v they_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n alfonso_n take_v naples_n 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not_o declare_v you_o shall_v be_v a_o prey_n to_o he_o who_o overcome_v and_o it_o will_v be_v a_o pleasure_n and_o satisfaction_n to_o he_o that_o be_v conquer_v to_o see_v you_o his_o fellow-sufferer_n nor_o will_v any_o body_n either_o defend_v or_o receive_v you_o and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o conqueror_n will_v never_o understand_v they_o to_o be_v his_o friend_n who_o will_v not_o assist_v he_o in_o his_o distress_n and_o he_o that_o be_v worsted_n will_v not_o receive_v you_o because_o you_o neglect_v to_o run_v his_o fortune_n with_o your_o arm_n in_o your_o hand_n antiochus_n upon_o the_o invitation_n of_o the_o etolian_o pass_v into_o greece_n to_o repel_v the_o roman_n antiochus_n send_v ambassador_n to_o the_o achaian_n who_o be_v in_o amity_n with_o the_o roman_n to_o pursue_v they_o a_o neutrality_n and_o the_o roman_n send_v to_o they_o to_o associate_v with_o they_o the_o business_n come_v to_o be_v debatedin_fw-mi the_o council_n of_o the_o achaian_n and_o antiochus_n his_o ambassador_n press_v they_o to_o be_v neuter_n the_o roman_a ambassador_n reply_v as_o to_o what_o he_o have_v remonstrate_v that_o it_o be_v most_o useful_a and_o most_o consistent_a with_o the_o interest_n of_o your_o state_n not_o to_o engage_v yourselves_o in_o our_o war_n their_o be_v nothing_o more_o contrary_a and_o pernicious_a for_o if_o you_o do_v not_o concern_v yourselves_o you_o will_v assure_o become_v a_o prey_n to_o the_o conqueror_n without_o any_o thanks_o or_o reputation_n and_o it_o will_v always_o be_v that_o he_o who_o have_v least_o kindness_n for_o you_o will_v tempt_v you_o to_o be_v neuter_n but_o they_o that_o be_v your_o friend_n will_v invite_v you_o to_o take_v up_o arms._n and_o those_o prince_n who_o be_v ill_o advise_v to_o avoid_v some_o present_a danger_n follow_v the_o neutral_a way_n be_v most_o common_o ruin_v
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counsel_n will_v never_o agree_v nor_o he_o have_v ever_o the_o cunning_a to_o unite_v they_o every_o man_n will_v advise_v according_a to_o his_o own_o interest_n or_o capriccio_n and_o he_o not_o have_v the_o part_n either_o to_o correct_v or_o discover_v it_o and_o other_o counsellor_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v for_o man_n will_v always_o prove_v bad_a unless_o by_o necessity_n they_o be_v compel_v to_o be_v good_a so_o than_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o good_a counsel_n from_o whosoever_o they_o come_v proceed_v rather_o from_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o prince_n than_o the_o prince_n wisdom_n from_o the_o goodness_n of_o his_o counsel_n chap._n xxiv_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n have_v most_o of_o they_o lose_v their_o dominion_n the_o quality_n aforesaid_a be_v observe_v they_o make_v a_o new_a prince_n appear_v in_o the_o number_n of_o the_o more_o ancient_a and_o render_v he_o present_o more_o firm_a and_o secure_a in_o his_o government_n than_o if_o he_o have_v descend_v to_o it_o by_o right_a of_o inheritance_n for_o the_o action_n of_o a_o new_a prince_n be_v liable_a to_o strict_a observation_n than_o if_o he_o be_v hereditary_a and_o when_o they_o be_v know_v to_o be_v virtuous_a gain_v more_o upon_o people_n and_o oblige_v they_o far_o than_o antiquity_n of_o blood_n because_o man_n be_v more_o affect_v with_o present_a than_o pass_v thing_n and_o when_o in_o their_o present_a condition_n they_o find_v themselves_o well_o they_o content_v themselves_o with_o it_o without_o look_v out_o any_o where_o else_o employ_v themselves_o whole_o in_o defence_n of_o their_o prince_n unless_o in_o other_o thing_n he_o be_v defective_a to_o himself_o so_o that_o thereby_o he_o will_v have_v double_a honour_n in_o have_v lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o new_a principality_n and_o embellish_v and_o fortify_v it_o with_o good_a law_n good_a force_n good_a friend_n and_o good_a example_n whereas_o he_o multiply_v his_o disgrace_n who_o be_v bear_v prince_n lose_v his_o inheritance_n by_o his_o own_o ill_a management_n and_o imprudence_n and_o if_o the_o sovereign_a prince_n in_o italy_n who_o in_o our_o time_n have_v lose_v their_o dominion_n be_v consider_v as_o the_o king_n of_o naples_n the_o duke_n of_o milan_n and_o other_o there_o will_v be_v find_v in_o their_o beginning_n one_o common_a defect_n as_o to_o the_o management_n of_o their_o arm_n for_o the_o reason_n large_o discourse_v of_o before_o beside_o some_o of_o they_o will_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v hate_v by_o the_o people_n or_o if_o they_o have_v have_v so_o much_o prudence_n as_o to_o preserve_v a_o friendship_n with_o they_o they_o have_v be_v ignorant_a how_o to_o secure_v themselves_o against_o the_o grandee_n for_o without_o these_o error_n no_o state_n be_v lose_v that_o have_v money_n and_o strength_n enough_o to_o bring_v a_o army_n into_o the_o field_n philip_n of_o macedon_n not_o alexander_n the_o great_a be_v father_n but_o he_o who_o be_v overcome_v by_o titus_n quintus_fw-la have_v no_o great_a force_n in_o comparison_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o grecian_n which_o invade_v he_o yet_o be_v a_o martial_a man_n and_o one_o that_o understand_v how_o to_o insinuate_v with_o the_o people_n and_o oblige_v the_o nobility_n he_o maintain_v war_n several_a year_n agaisnt_a both_o of_o they_o and_o though_o at_o last_o he_o lose_v some_o town_n yet_o he_o keep_v his_o kingdom_n in_o spite_n of_o they_o those_o therefore_o of_o our_o prince_n who_o for_o many_o year_n together_o be_v settle_v in_o their_o principality_n if_o they_o lose_v they_o afterward_o they_o can_v accuse_v fortune_n but_o their_o own_o negligence_n and_o indiscretion_n for_o not_o have_v in_o quiet_a time_n consider_v they_o may_v change_v and_o it_o be_v the_o common_a infirmity_n of_o mankind_n in_o a_o calm_a to_o make_v no_o reckon_n of_o a_o tempest_n when_o adversity_n approach_v they_o think_v more_o of_o make_v their_o escape_n than_o defence_n rest_v their_o whole_a hope_n upon_o this_o that_o when_o the_o people_n be_v weary_a of_o the_o insolence_n of_o the_o conqueror_n they_o will_v recall_v they_o again_o which_o resolution_n be_v tolerable_a indeed_o when_o other_o be_v want_v but_o to_o neglect_v all_o other_o remedy_n and_o trust_v only_o to_o that_o be_v much_o to_o be_v condemn_v for_o a_o man_n will_v never_o throw_v himself_o down_o that_o another_o may_v take_v he_o up_o beside_o that_o may_v not_o happen_v or_o if_o it_o do_v not_o with_o your_o security_n because_o that_o kind_a of_o defence_n be_v poor_a and_o depend_v not_o on_o yourself_o and_o no_o defence_n be_v good_a certain_a and_o last_a which_o proceed_v not_o from_o the_o prince_n own_o courage_n and_o virtue_n chap._n xxv_o how_o far_o in_o human_a affair_n fortune_n may_v avail_v and_o in_o what_o manner_n she_o may_v be_v resist_v i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o it_o be_v and_o have_v be_v of_o old_a the_o opinion_n of_o many_o people_n that_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o world_n be_v so_o govern_v by_o fortune_n and_o divine_a providence_n that_o man_n can_v by_o his_o wisdom_n correct_v they_o or_o apply_v any_o remedy_n at_o all_o from_o whence_o they_o will_v infer_v that_o we_o be_v not_o to_o labour_v and_o sweat_n but_o to_o leave_v every_o thing_n to_o its_o own_o tendancy_n and_o event_n this_o opinion_n have_v obtain_v more_o in_o our_o day_n by_o the_o many_o and_o frequent_a revolution_n which_o have_v be_v and_o be_v still_o see_v beyond_o all_o humane_a conjecture_n and_o when_o i_o think_v of_o it_o serious_o sometime_o i_o be_o in_o some_o measure_n incline_v to_o it_o myself_o nevertheless_o that_o our_o own_o free_a will_n may_v not_o utter_o be_v explode_v i_o conceive_v it_o may_v be_v true_a that_o fortune_n may_v have_v the_o arbitrement_n of_o one_o half_a of_o our_o
so_o to_o evince_v and_o demonstrate_v the_o courage_n of_o a_o italian_a spirit_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o italy_n shall_v be_v reduce_v to_o its_o present_a condition_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v in_o great_a bondage_n than_o the_o jew_n in_o great_a servitude_n than_o the_o persian_n and_o in_o great_a dispersion_n than_o the_o athenian_n without_o head_n without_o order_n harrassed_a spoil_v overcome_v overrun_v and_o overflow_v with_o all_o kind_n of_o calamity_n and_o though_o former_o some_o spark_n of_o virtue_n have_v appear_v in_o some_o person_n that_o may_v give_v it_o hope_n that_o god_n have_v ordain_v they_o for_o its_o redemption_n yet_o it_o be_v find_v afterward_o that_o in_o the_o very_a height_n and_o career_n of_o their_o exploit_n they_o be_v check_v and_o forsake_v by_o fortune_n and_o poor_a italy_n leave_v half_a dead_a expect_v who_o will_v be_v she_o samaritan_n to_o bind_v up_o her_o wound_n put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o sacking_n and_o devastation_n in_o lombardy_n the_o tax_n and_o expilation_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o tuscany_n and_o cure_v her_o sore_n which_o length_n of_o time_n have_v fester_v and_o imposthumate_v it_o be_v manifest_a how_o she_o pray_v to_o god_n daily_o to_o send_v some_o person_n who_o may_v redeem_v she_o from_o the_o cruelty_n and_o insolence_n of_o the_o barbarian_n it_o be_v manifest_a how_o prone_a and_o ready_a she_o be_v to_o follow_v the_o banner_n that_o any_o man_n will_v take_v up_o nor_o be_v it_o at_o present_a to_o be_v discern_v where_o she_o can_v repose_v her_o hope_n with_o more_o probability_n than_o in_o your_o illustrious_a family_n which_o by_o its_o own_o courage_n and_o interest_n and_o the_o favour_n of_o god_n and_o the_o church_n of_o which_o it_o be_v now_o chief_a may_v be_v induce_v to_o make_v itself_o head_n in_o her_o redemption_n which_o will_v be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o be_v effect_v if_o you_o lay_v before_o you_o the_o life_n and_o action_n of_o the_o person_n above_o name_v who_o though_o they_o be_v rare_a and_o wonderful_a be_v yet_o but_o man_n and_o not_o accommodate_v with_o so_o fair_a circumstance_n as_o you_o their_o enterprise_n be_v not_o more_o just_a nor_o easy_a nor_o god_n almighty_a more_o their_o friend_n than_o you_o you_o have_v justice_n on_o your_o side_n for_o that_o war_n be_v just_a which_o be_v necessary_a and_o it_o be_v piety_n to_o fight_v be_v no_o hope_n be_v leave_v in_o any_o thing_n else_o the_o people_n be_v universal_o dispose_v and_o where_o the_o disposition_n be_v so_o great_a the_o opposition_n can_v be_v but_o small_a especial_o you_o take_v your_o rule_n from_o those_o person_n which_o i_o have_v propose_v to_o you_o for_o a_o model_n beside_o many_o thing_n that_o they_o do_v be_v supernatural_a and_o by_o god_n immediate_a conduct_n the_o sea_n open_v a_o cloud_n direct_v a_o rock_n afford_v water_n it_o rain_v manna_n all_o these_o thing_n be_v recompense_v in_o your_o grandeur_n and_o the_o rest_n remain_v to_o be_v execute_v by_o you_o god_n will_v not_o do_v every_o thing_n immediate_o because_o he_o will_v not_o deprive_v we_o of_o our_o free_a will_n and_o the_o honour_n that_o devolve_v upon_o we_o nor_o be_v it_o any_o wonder_n if_o none_o of_o the_o forenamed_a italian_n have_v be_v able_a to_o do_v that_o which_o may_v be_v hope_v for_o from_o your_o illustrious_a family_n and_o if_o in_o so_o many_o revolution_n in_o italy_n and_o so_o long_a continuation_n of_o war_n their_o military_a virtue_n seem_v spend_v and_o extinguish_v the_o reason_n be_v their_o old_a discipline_n be_v not_o good_a and_o no_o body_n be_v able_a to_o direct_v to_o a_o better_a nothing_o make_v so_o much_o to_o the_o honour_n of_o a_o new_a prince_n as_o new_a law_n and_o new_a order_n invent_v by_o he_o which_o if_o they_o be_v well_o found_v and_o carry_v any_o thing_n of_o grandeur_n along_o with_o they_o do_v render_v he_o venerable_a and_o wonderful_a and_o italy_n be_v susceptible_a enough_o of_o any_o new_a form_n their_o courage_n be_v great_a enough_o in_o the_o soldier_n if_o it_o be_v not_o want_v in_o the_o officer_n witness_v the_o duel_n and_o combat_n in_o which_o the_o italian_n have_v general_o the_o better_a by_o their_o force_n and_o dexterity_n and_o stratagem_n but_o come_v to_o their_o battle_n and_o they_o have_v often_o the_o worst_a and_o all_o from_o the_o inexperience_n of_o their_o commander_n for_o those_o who_o pretend_v to_o have_v skill_n will_v never_o obey_v and_o every_o one_o think_v he_o have_v skill_n there_o have_v be_v no_o body_n to_o this_o very_a day_n raise_v by_o his_o virtue_n and_o fortune_n to_o that_o height_n of_o reputation_n as_o to_o prevail_v with_o other_o to_o obey_v he_o hence_o it_o come_v that_o in_o so_o long_a time_n in_o the_o many_o war_n during_o the_o last_o twenty_o year_n when_o ever_o a_o army_n consist_v whole_o of_o italian_n it_o be_v certain_o beat_v and_o this_o may_v be_v testify_v by_o tarus_n alexandria_n capua_n genoa_n vaila_n bologna_n and_o mestri_fw-la if_o therefore_o your_o illustrious_a family_n be_v incline_v to_o follow_v the_o example_n of_o those_o excellent_a person_n who_o redeem_v their_o country_n it_o be_v necessary_a as_o a_o true_a fundamental_a of_o all_o great_a erterprise_n to_o provide_v yourselves_o with_o force_n of_o your_o own_o subject_n for_o you_o can_v have_v more_o faithful_a nor_o better_a soldier_n than_o they_o and_o though_o all_o of_o they_o be_v good_a yet_o altogether_o they_o will_v be_v much_o better_a when_o they_o find_v themselves_o not_o only_o command_v but_o prefer_v and_o caress_v by_o a_o prince_n of_o their_o own_o it_o be_v necessary_a therefore_o to_o be_v furnish_v with_o these_o force_n before_o you_o can_v be_v able_a with_o italian_a virtue_n to_o vindicate_v your_o country_n from_o the_o oppression_n of_o stranger_n and_o though_o the_o swiss_n and_o spanish_a infantry_n be_v count_v terrible_a they_o have_v both_o of_o they_o their_o defect_n and_o a_o three_o sort_n may_v be_v compose_v that_o may_v not_o only_o encounter_v but_o be_v confident_a to_o beat_v they_o for_o the_o spanish_a foot_n can_v deal_v with_o horse_n and_o the_o swiss_n be_v not_o invincible_a when_o they_o meet_v with_o foot_n as_o obstinate_a as_o themselves_o it_o have_v be_v see_v by_o experience_n and_o will_v be_v so_o again_o the_o spaniard_n can_v sustain_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o french_a cavalry_n and_o the_o swiss_n have_v be_v overthrow_v by_o the_o infantry_n of_o spain_n and_o though_o of_o this_o last_o we_o have_v see_v no_o perfect_a experiment_n yet_o we_o have_v a_o competent_a essay_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o ravenna_n where_o the_o spanish_a foot_n be_v engage_v with_o the_o german_a battalion_n which_o observe_v the_o same_o order_n and_o discipline_n with_o the_o swiss_n the_o spaniard_n by_o the_o agility_n of_o their_o body_n and_o the_o protection_n of_o their_o buckler_n break_v in_o under_o their_o pike_n and_o kill_v they_o secure_o while_o the_o poor_a german_n be_v uncapable_a to_o defend_v themselves_o and_o have_v not_o the_o spaniard_n be_v charge_v by_o the_o horse_n the_o german_a foot_n have_v be_v certain_o cut_v off_o it_o be_v possible_a therefore_o the_o defect_n of_o both_o those_o foot_n be_v know_v to_o institute_v a_o three_o which_o may_v buckle_v with_o the_o horse_n and_o be_v in_o no_o fear_n of_o their_o foot_n which_o will_v be_v effect_v not_o by_o the_o variation_n of_o their_o arm_n but_o by_o change_v their_o discipline_n and_o these_o be_v some_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v new_o reform_v give_v great_a grandeur_n and_o reputation_n to_o any_o new_a prince_n this_o opportunity_n therefore_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v slip_v that_o italy_n after_o so_o long_a expectation_n may_v see_v some_o hope_n of_o deliverance_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v express_v with_o what_o joy_n with_o what_o impatience_n of_o revenge_n with_o what_o fidelity_n with_o what_o compassion_n with_o what_o tear_n such_o a_o champion_n will_v be_v receive_v into_o all_o the_o province_n that_o have_v suffer_v by_o those_o barbarous_a inundation_n what_o gate_n will_v be_v shut_v against_o he_o what_o people_n will_v deny_v he_o obedience_n what_o malice_n will_v oppose_v he_o what_o true_a italian_n will_v refuse_v to_o follow_v he_o there_o be_v not_o there_o be_v not_o any_o body_n but_o abhor_v and_o nauseate_v this_o barbarous_a domination_n let_v your_o illustrious_a family_n then_o address_v itself_o to_o the_o work_n with_o as_o much_o courage_n and_o confidence_n as_o just_a erterprise_n be_v undertake_v that_o under_o their_o ensign_n our_o country_n may_v be_v recover_v and_o under_o their_o conduct_n petrarch_n prophecy_n may_v be_v fulfil_v who_o have_v promise_v that_o virtu_fw-fr contr_n '_n all_o furore_fw-la prendera_fw-la l'_fw-fr arm_n
and_o fia_fw-mi il_fw-fr combatter_n corto_fw-la vhe_fw-it l'_fw-it antico_fw-la valour_n ne_n '_o gl'_fw-it italici_n cur_n '_o non_fw-fr e_o anchor_n morto_fw-la virtue_n shall_v arm_v against_o rage_n and_o in_o short_a sight_n prove_v the_o roman_a valour_n be_v not_o extinguish_v quite_o the_o original_a of_o the_o word_n guelf_n and_o ghibilin_n so_o much_o mention_v in_o history_n these_o two_o faction_n so_o famous_a in_o history_n be_v eminent_a in_o italy_n two_o age_n before_o castruccio_n be_v bear_v machiavelli_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o war_n of_o that_o country_n affirm_v that_o pistoia_n be_v the_o first_o place_n where_o those_o name_n of_o distinction_n be_v use_v but_o the_o account_n wherewith_o the_o public_a library_n supply_v i_o run_v thus_o these_o two_o word_n guelf_n and_o ghibilin_n deduce_v their_o original_n from_o a_o schism_n which_o molest_v the_o church_n in_o the_o year_n 1130._o by_o the_o competition_n of_o two_o pope_n innocent_a 11._o and_o anaclet_n the_o great_a part_n of_o christendom_n acknowledge_v innocent_a who_o be_v particular_o support_v by_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o west_n anaclet_n the_o antipope_n have_v persuade_v into_o his_o interest_n roger_n comte_n de_fw-fr naples_n and_o sicily_n a_o martial_a prince_n and_o descend_v from_o the_o norman_n who_o have_v conquer_v that_o country_n the_o pretence_n of_o this_o double_a election_n have_v keep_v a_o war_n on_o foot_n eight_o year_n together_o which_o be_v still_o favourable_a to_o roger_n the_o emperor_n conrade_n the_o three_o march_v himself_o at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o army_n of_o german_n into_o italy_n leave_v his_o grandson_n prince_n henry_n to_o come_v after_o roger_n to_o oppose_v he_o with_o man_n of_o his_o own_o nation_n allure_v to_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o country_n guelf_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n during_o the_o course_n of_o this_o war_n which_o begin_v in_o the_o year_n 1139._o it_o happen_v sometime_o that_o the_o emperor_n army_n be_v command_v by_o the_o say_a prince_n herny_n who_o be_v bring_v up_o in_o a_o village_n in_o germany_n call_v ghibilin_n who_o situation_n be_v very_o pleasant_a make_v the_o very_a name_n of_o it_o â—ear_v to_o he_o one_o day_n the_o army_n be_v draw_v up_o and_o ready_a to_o engage_v the_o bavarian_o to_o encourage_v their_o comrade_n cry_v out_o in_o their_o language_n a_o guelf_n a_o guelf_n and_o the_o emperor_n troop_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o well_o dispose_v to_o their_o general_n to_o comply_v with_o the_o kindness_n he_o have_v for_o that_o place_n cry_v out_o on_o the_o other_o side_n a_o ghibilin_n a_o ghibilin_n these_o word_n seem_v barbarous_a to_o the_o italian_n that_o be_v with_o roger_n who_o come_v to_o guelf_n to_o know_v what_o they_o mean_v he_o tell_v they_o the_o pope_n party_n be_v intend_v by_o the_o word_n guelf_n and_o the_o emperor_n by_o the_o word_n ghibilin_n from_o that_o time_n those_o name_n grow_v so_o common_a in_o both_o army_n that_o by_o they_o they_o answer_v their_o who_o go_v there_o and_o they_o be_v give_v to_o the_o italian_n according_a to_o their_o several_a side_n it_o be_v true_a at_o first_o they_o be_v use_v to_o discriminate_a only_a anaclet_n party_n from_o the_o emperor_n but_o afterward_o roger_n have_v vanquish_v and_o take_v prisoner_n pope_n innocent_a as_o the_o price_n of_o his_o liberty_n he_o oblige_v he_o to_o erect_v the_o country_n of_o naples_n and_o sicily_n into_o kingdom_n by_o which_o treaty_n roger_n be_v take_v off_o from_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o antipope_n and_o engage_v entire_o with_o the_o church_n he_o affix_v the_o name_n of_o guelf_n to_o the_o pope_n party_n and_o confirm_v the_o name_n ghibilin_n to_o the_o faction_n of_o the_o emperor_n the_o italian_n will_v fain_o have_v the_o credit_n of_o the_o etymology_n themselves_o and_o by_o a_o certain_a jingle_n of_o word_n and_o that_o mighty_o strain_v will_v have_v guelf_n derive_v from_o guardatori_fw-mi 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doubtless_o at_o this_o time_n they_o be_v exceed_o rich_a for_o the_o people_n be_v so_o poor_a he_o that_o have_v but_o a_o floren_n believe_v himself_o a_o prince_n the_o prelate_n of_o france_n carry_v away_o â…–_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o that_o kingdom_n because_o there_o be_v several_a bishop_n who_o have_v temporal_a as_o well_o as_o spiritual_a revenue_n who_o have_v provision_n enough_o of_o their_o own_o to_o keep_v their_o house_n spend_v not_o one_o farthing_n of_o their_o income_n but_o hoard_v it_o up_o according_a to_o the_o natural_a covetousness_n of_o the_o prelate_n and_o religious_a and_o that_o which_o accrue_v to_o the_o chapter_n and_o college_n be_v lay_v out_o in_o plate_n and_o jewel_n and_o ornament_n for_o the_o decoration_n of_o their_o chapel_n so_o that_o betwixt_o what_o be_v lay_v out_o upon_o their_o church_n and_o what_o be_v lay_v up_o by_o the_o prelate_n their_o money_n and_o their_o moveable_n be_v of_o a_o immense_a value_n in_o all_o counsel_n 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prefer_v by_o favour_n and_o bribery_n as_o by_o piety_n and_o worth_n and_o it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o monk_n in_o the_o election_n of_o their_o abbot_n the_o other_o inferior_a benefice_n be_v in_o the_o gift_n of_o the_o bishop_n if_o the_o king_n at_o any_o time_n will_v entrench_v upon_o this_o law_n and_o choose_v a_o bishop_n at_o his_o own_o pleasure_n he_o must_v do_v it_o by_o force_n for_o they_o will_v deny_v he_o possession_n and_o though_o perhaps_o it_o be_v force_v that_o king_n be_v no_o soon_o dead_a but_o his_o bishop_n shall_v be_v sure_a to_o be_v dispossess_v and_o another_o put_v in_o his_o place_n the_o french_a be_v natural_o covetous_a and_o desirous_a of_o other_o people_n good_n which_o they_o will_v lavish_a and_o squander_v as_o prodigal_o as_o their_o own_o a_o frenchman_n shall_v cheat_v or_o rob_v you_o and_o in_o a_o breath_n meet_v and_o eat_v and_o spend_v it_o as_o merry_o with_o you_o as_o you_o can_v have_v do_v yourself_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o humour_n of_o the_o spaniard_n for_o if_o he_o get_v any_o thing_n of_o you_o you_o must_v look_v for_o nothing_o again_o the_o french_a be_v in_o great_a fear_n of_o the_o english_a for_o the_o great_a inroad_n and_o devastation_n which_o they_o have_v make_v ancient_o in_o that_o kingdom_n insomuch_o that_o among_o the_o common_a people_n the_o name_n of_o english_a be_v terrible_a to_o this_o day_n those_o poor_a wretch_n not_o be_v able_a to_o distinguish_v that_o the_o french_a be_v otherwise_o constitute_v now_o than_o they_o be_v then_o for_o that_o now_o they_o be_v arm_v good_a soldier_n and_o unite_v have_v possession_n of_o those_o state_n upon_o which_o the_o english_a do_v former_o rely_v as_o the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n and_o the_o duchy_n of_o britagne_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o english_a be_v not_o so_o well_o discipline_v for_o it_o be_v so_o long_a since_o they_o have_v any_o war_n there_o be_v not_o a_o man_n of_o they_o live_v who_o ever_o look_v a_o enemy_n in_o the_o face_n and_o beside_o there_o be_v no_o body_n leave_v to_o join_v with_o they_o if_o they_o shall_v land_v but_o only_o the_o archduke_n they_o be_v afraid_a likewise_o of_o the_o spaniard_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o sagacity_n and_o vigilance_n but_o whenever_o that_o king_n invade_v france_n he_o do_v it_o with_o great_a disadvantage_n for_o from_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o he_o must_v march_v to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o piranean_n by_o which_o he_o must_v pass_v into_o france_n the_o distance_n be_v so_o great_a and_o the_o country_n so_o barren_a that_o every_o time_n the_o spaniard_n attempt_v any_o such_o thing_n either_o by_o the_o way_n of_o perpignan_n or_o gehenna_n they_o must_v needs_o be_v much_o incommoded_a not_o only_o for_o want_v of_o supply_n but_o for_o want_v of_o victual_n to_o sustain_v they_o in_o so_o tedious_a a_o march_n because_o the_o country_n behind_o they_o be_v scarce_o habitable_a for_o its_o fertility_n and_o that_o which_o be_v inhabit_v have_v scarce_o wherewithal_o for_o the_o inhabitant_n so_o that_o in_o these_o respect_n towards_o the_o piraenean_n the_o french_a be_v in_o little_a apprehension_n of_o the_o spaniard_n of_o the_o fleming_n the_o french_z likewise_o be_v in_o no_o fear_n for_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o coldness_n of_o their_o country_n they_o do_v not_o gather_v enough_o for_o their_o own_o subsistence_n especial_o of_o corn_n and_o wine_n with_o which_o they_o be_v force_v to_o supply_v themselves_o out_o of_o burgundy_n piccardy_n and_o other_o place_n in_o france_n moreover_o the_o people_n of_o flanders_n live_v general_o of_o their_o own_o manufacture_n which_o they_o vend_v at_o the_o fair_n in_o france_n that_o be_v at_o paris_n and_o lion_n for_o towards_o the_o seaside_n they_o have_v no_o utterance_n for_o any_o thing_n and_o towards_o germany_n it_o be_v the_o same_o for_o there_o be_v more_o of_o their_o commodity_n make_v than_o in_o flauder_n so_o that_o when_o ever_o their_o commerce_n with_o the_o french_a be_v cut_v off_o they_o will_v have_v no_o where_o to_o put_v off_o their_o commodity_n nor_o no_o where_o to_o supply_v themselves_o with_o victual_n so_o that_o without_o irresistible_a necessity_n the_o fleming_n will_v never_o have_v any_o controversy_n with_o the_o french_a but_o of_o the_o swisser_n the_o french_a be_v in_o no_o little_a fear_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o vicinity_n and_o the_o sudden_a incursion_n to_o which_o they_o be_v subject_a from_o they_o against_o which_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o make_v any_o competent_a provision_n in_o time_n because_o they_o make_v their_o depredation_n and_o incursion_n with_o more_o ease_n and_o dexterity_n than_o other_o nation_n in_o respect_n that_o they_o have_v neither_o artillery_n nor_o horse_n but_o though_o the_o french_a have_v town_n and_o country_n very_o near_o they_o yet_o be_v well_o fortify_v and_o man_v the_o swisser_n never_o make_v any_o great_a progress_n beside_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o swiss_n be_v apt_a to_o battle_n and_o fight_v in_o the_o field_n than_o to_o the_o storm_a or_o defend_v of_o town_n and_o it_o be_v very_o unwilling_o if_o ever_o the_o french_a come_v to_o cope_v with_o they_o upon_o the_o frontier_n for_o have_v no_o foot_n that_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v up_o with_o the_o swisser_n their_o man_n at_o arm_n without_o foot_n can_v do_v nothing_o moreover_o the_o country_n be_v so_o qualify_v that_o there_o be_v not_o room_n enough_o for_o the_o man_n at_o arm_n and_o cavalry_n to_o draw_v up_o and_o manage_v to_o advantage_n and_o the_o swisser_n be_v not_o easy_o tempt_v from_o their_o border_n into_o the_o plain_a nor_o to_o leave_v such_o strong_a and_o well_o provide_v town_n as_o i_o mention_v before_o upon_o their_o back_n leave_v by_o they_o their_o supply_n shall_v be_v intercept_v and_o perhaps_o their_o retreat_n be_v obstruct_v on_o the_o side_n towards_o italy_n they_o be_v in_o no_o fear_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o apennine_a mountain_n and_o the_o strong_a place_n which_o they_o have_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o they_o so_o that_o whoever_o invade_v the_o dominion_n of_o france_n in_o those_o part_n must_v be_v sure_a to_o overcome_v or_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o barrenness_n of_o the_o country_n about_o he_o will_v hazard_v to_o be_v famish_v or_o compel_v to_o leave_v those_o town_n behind_o he_o which_o will_v be_v madness_n or_o to_o attaque_fw-la they_o at_z disadvantage_n which_o will_v be_v worse_o so_o that_o on_o the_o side_n of_o italy_n they_o be_v in_o no_o danger_n for_o the_o reason_n abovesaid_a and_o moreover_o there_o be_v not_o a_o prince_n in_o italy_n able_a to_o undertake_v he_o nor_o be_v the_o italian_n now_o in_o such_o unity_n as_o in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o roman_n towards_o the_o south_n the_o kingdom_n of_o
to_o prevent_v the_o inconvenience_n which_o may_v follow_v thereupon_o enjoin_v such_o a_o necessity_n of_o exercise_n to_o such_o as_o be_v intend_v for_o the_o war_n that_o by_o degree_n they_o become_v better_a soldier_n than_o those_o country_n which_o be_v mountainous_a and_o barren_a can_v any_o where_o produce_v among_o who_o may_v be_v reckon_v the_o kingdom_n of_o egypt_n which_o notwithstanding_o that_o it_o be_v extreme_o pleasant_a and_o plentiful_a by_o the_o virtue_n and_o efficacy_n of_o its_o law_n produce_v excellent_a man_n and_o perhaps_o such_o as_o have_v not_o their_o name_n be_v extinguish_v with_o time_n may_v have_v deserve_v as_o much_o honour_n as_o alexander_n the_o great_a and_o many_o other_o great_a captain_n who_o memory_n be_v so_o fresh_a and_o so_o venerable_a among_o we_o a_o whoever_o will_v consider_v the_o government_n of_o the_o sultan_n the_o discipline_n of_o the_o mamaluke_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o militia_n before_o they_o be_v extirpate_v by_o selimus_n the_o turk_n may_v find_v their_o great_a prudence_n and_o caution_n in_o exercise_v their_o soldier_n and_o prevent_v that_o softness_n and_o effeminacy_n to_o which_o the_o felicity_n of_o their_o soil_n do_v so_o natural_o incline_v they_o for_o these_o reason_n i_o conceive_v best_a to_o build_v in_o a_o fruitful_a place_n if_o the_o ill_a consequence_n of_o that_o fertility_n be_v avert_v by_o convenient_a law_n alexander_n the_o great_a be_v desirous_a to_o build_v a_o city_n to_o perpetuate_v his_o name_n dinocrates_n a_o architect_n come_v to_o he_o and_o undertake_v to_o build_v he_o one_o upon_o the_o mountain_n athos_n and_o to_o recommend_v and_o enforce_v his_o proposal_n beside_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o soil_n he_o persuade_v he_o it_o shall_v be_v make_v in_o the_o shape_n and_o figure_n of_o a_o man_n a_o thing_n which_o will_v be_v new_a wonderful_a and_o suitable_a to_o his_o greatness_n but_o when_o alexander_n inquire_v whence_o it_o be_v to_o be_v supply_v the_o architect_n reply_v he_o have_v not_o consider_v of_o that_o at_o which_o answer_n alexander_n laugh_v very_o hearty_o and_o leave_v he_o and_o his_o mountain_n to_o themselves_o he_o build_v alexandria_n where_o people_n may_v be_v tempt_v to_o plant_v by_o the_o richness_n of_o the_o soil_n the_o nearness_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o convenience_n of_o the_o river_n nile_n again_o if_o we_o examine_v the_o original_a of_o rome_n and_o admit_v aeneas_n for_o the_o first_o founder_n it_o will_v fall_v in_o the_o number_n of_o those_o city_n build_v by_o foreigner_n if_o romulus_n among_o such_o as_o be_v erect_v by_o the_o native_n either_o way_n it_o be_v original_o free_a without_o any_o dependence_n it_o will_v appear_v likewise_o as_o shall_v be_v show_v more_o particular_o hereafter_o by_o what_o law_n romulus_n numa_n and_o other_o fortify_v and_o secure_v it_o insomuch_o that_o neither_o the_o fertility_n of_o the_o soil_n the_o commodity_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o frequency_n of_o their_o victory_n nor_o the_o largeness_n of_o its_o empire_n be_v able_a to_o debauch_v or_o corrupt_v it_o but_o it_o remain_v for_o several_a age_n for_o piety_n and_o virtue_n more_o exemplary_a than_o any_o other_o commonwealth_n either_o since_o or_o before_o it_o and_o because_o the_o great_a thing_n act_v under_o that_o government_n and_o transmit_v to_o we_o by_o titus_n livius_n be_v perform_v by_o public_a or_o private_a counsel_n within_o or_o without_o the_o city_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o what_o occur_v in_o the_o town_n and_o be_v manage_v by_o public_a debate_n as_o judge_v that_o most_o worthy_a our_o annotation_n super-adding_a whatever_o depend_v thereupon_o and_o with_o these_o discourse_n i_o intend_v this_o first_o book_n or_o rather_o part_n shall_v conclude_v chap._n ii_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o commonwealth_n and_o under_o which_o kind_n the_o roman_a be_v comprehend_v wave_v the_o discourse_n of_o those_o city_n which_o in_o their_o beginning_n have_v be_v dependent_a i_o shall_v speak_v of_o such_o as_o be_v original_o free_a and_o govern_v themselves_o according_a to_o their_o own_o fancy_n commonwealth_n or_o principality_n as_o their_o own_o inclination_n lead_v they_o of_o these_o according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o their_o principle_n their_o law_n and_o order_n be_v divers_a some_o of_o they_o at_o their_o first_o foundation_n receive_v their_o law_n at_o one_o time_n from_o a_o single_a person_n as_o the_o spartan_n from_o lycurgus_n other_o receive_v they_o by_o chance_n at_o several_a time_n upon_o variety_n of_o accident_n as_o rome_n and_o that_o commonwealth_n be_v doubtless_o happy_a who_o good_a fortune_n it_o be_v to_o have_v a_o person_n so_o wise_a as_o to_o constitute_v and_o dispose_v its_o law_n in_o such_o manner_n at_o first_o that_o it_o may_v subsist_v safe_o and_o secure_o by_o they_o without_o necessity_n of_o new_a model_n or_o correction_n of_o this_o sort_n be_v sparta_n which_o for_o more_o than_o 800_o year_n be_v observe_v to_o remain_v entire_a and_o incorrupt_a without_o any_o dangerous_a commotion_n on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o city_n must_v needs_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n unhappy_a which_o not_o have_v submit_v to_o or_o comply_v with_o the_o prudence_n of_o a_o single_a founder_n be_v necessitate_v of_o it_o selt_z to_o remodel_n and_o reform_v of_o these_o kind_n that_o be_v most_o unhappy_a who_o principle_n be_v at_o first_o remote_a and_o devious_a from_o the_o right_a way_n which_o may_v have_v conduct_v to_o perfection_n and_o indeed_o those_o commonwealth_n which_o be_v in_o this_o degree_n be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o be_v establish_v by_o any_o accident_n whatsoever_o but_o other_o who_o commencement_n be_v good_a and_o capable_a of_o improvement_n though_o perhaps_o not_o exquisite_o perfect_a may_v become_v perfect_a afterward_o by_o the_o concurrence_n of_o accident_n yet_o not_o without_o danger_n forasmuch_o as_o most_o man_n be_v averse_a and_o will_v not_o easy_o admit_v of_o any_o new_a law_n which_o introduce_v new_a order_n and_o custom_n into_o a_o city_n without_o great_a appearance_n of_o necessity_n and_o that_o necessity_n arise_v necessary_o from_o some_o danger_n impend_v it_o many_o time_n fall_v out_o the_o commonwealth_n perish_v before_o remedy_n can_v be_v apply_v of_o this_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o florence_n be_v instance_n sufficient_a which_o in_o the_o commotion_n of_o aretz_n be_v the_o iith_o time_n reform_v and_o the_o 12_o the_o time_n confound_v by_o the_o sedition_n of_o prato_n but_o be_v now_o to_o discourse_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o roman_a commonwealth_n and_o what_o be_v the_o accident_n and_o order_n which_o advance_v it_o to_o that_o perfection_n it_o be_v convenient_a to_o premise_v what_o have_v be_v assert_v by_o several_a author_n that_o there_o be_v but_o three_o sort_n of_o government_n monarchy_n aristocracy_n and_o democracy_n to_o either_o of_o which_o whoever_o intend_v to_o erect_v a_o government_n may_v apply_v as_o he_o please_v other_o of_o no_o less_o reputation_n be_v of_o opinion_n the_o form_n of_o government_n be_v six_o of_o which_o three_o be_v bad_a and_o three_o good_a of_o themselves_o but_o so_o easy_o corrupt_v even_o they_o become_v fatal_a and_o pernicious_a those_o which_o be_v good_a be_v the_o three_o before_o mention_v those_o which_o be_v evil_a be_v three_o other_o depend_v upon_o the_o three_o former_a and_o carry_v so_o near_o a_o resemblance_n they_o many_o time_n interfere_v and_o fall_v one_o into_o the_o other_o as_o monarchy_n into_o tyranny_n aristocracy_n into_o oligarchy_n and_o democracy_n into_o anarchy_n and_o confusion_n insomuch_o that_o whoever_o form_n his_o government_n of_o one_o of_o the_o three_o former_a form_v it_o for_o no_o long_a time_n because_o no_o care_n nor_o remedy_n can_v prevent_v but_o it_o will_v degenerate_v into_o its_o contrary_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o similitude_n betwixt_o virtue_n and_o vice_n and_o these_o change_n and_o variation_n of_o government_n happen_v by_o accident_n among_o man_n for_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v few_o they_o live_v disperse_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o beast_n afterward_o as_o they_o multiply_v they_o begin_v to_o unite_v and_o for_o their_o better_a defence_n to_o look_v out_o for_o such_o as_o be_v more_o strong_a robu_v and_o valiant_a that_o they_o may_v choose_v one_o out_o of_o they_o to_o make_v he_o their_o head_n and_o pay_v he_o obedience_n from_o hence_o the_o first_o distinction_n betwixt_o honest_a and_o dishonest_a do_v arise_v for_o observe_v that_o if_o any_o injure_v his_o benefactor_n it_o immediate_o create_v a_o hatred_n and_o compassion_n among_o the_o rest_n all_o people_n abhor_v he_o that_o be_v ungrateful_a and_o commiserate_v he_o that_o be_v injure_v lest_o the_o same_o injustice_n may_v happen_v to_o themselves_o they_o begin_v to_o make_v law_n and_o ordain_v punishment_n for_o
though_o cleomenes_n be_v a_o single_a person_n kill_v the_o ephori_fw-la as_o be_v say_v before_o and_o romulus_n his_o brother_n and_o titus_n tatius_n and_o afterward_o employ_v their_o authority_n to_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o public_a yet_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o the_o subject_n neither_o of_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o be_v so_o vicious_a or_o deprave_a as_o those_o of_o who_o we_o have_v treat_v in_o this_o chapter_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v able_a to_o do_v what_o they_o please_v and_o excuse_v it_o when_o it_o be_v do_v chap._n xix_o though_o a_o weak_a prince_n succeed_v a_o excellent_a the_o government_n may_v stand_v but_o if_o one_o weak_a prince_n succeed_v another_o it_o be_v impossible_a if_o the_o virtue_n and_o conduct_n of_o romulus_n numa_n and_o tullius_n the_o three_o first_o king_n of_o rome_n be_v consider_v it_o will_v be_v find_v to_o have_v be_v much_o for_o the_o advantage_n of_o that_o city_n to_o have_v its_o first_o king_n martial_a and_o fierce_a the_o second_o king_n quiet_a and_o religious_a and_o the_o three_o like_o the_o first_o active_a and_o warlike_a again_o for_o as_o after_o the_o first_o institution_n it_o be_v necessary_a there_o shall_v be_v somebody_o to_o dispose_v the_o people_n to_o way_n of_o religion_n and_o civil_a conversation_n so_o it_o be_v necessary_a again_o after_o that_o that_o the_o next_o king_n shall_v reassume_v the_o vigour_n and_o magnanimity_n of_o their_o predecessor_n otherwise_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o citizen_n will_v have_v grow_v effeminate_a and_o the_o city_n have_v become_v a_o prey_n to_o any_o of_o its_o neighbour_n wherefore_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o a_o prince_n not_o altogether_o so_o valiant_a and_o enterprize_v may_v maintain_v the_o government_n upon_o the_o score_n of_o his_o predecessor_n and_o enjoy_v the_o fruit_n of_o his_o courage_n and_o labour_n but_o if_o it_o happen_v he_o be_v long_o live_v and_o that_o he_o be_v not_o succeed_v by_o a_o martial_a prince_n to_o revive_v the_o activity_n of_o the_o founder_n the_o government_n must_v necessary_o be_v ruin_v on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o two_o prince_n immediate_o succeed_v be_v martial_a and_o heroic_a they_o be_v observe_v to_o do_v great_a thing_n and_o to_o advance_v the_o government_n exceed_o david_n without_o doubt_n be_v a_o person_n no_o less_o excellent_a in_o military_a experience_n than_o in_o learning_n and_o wisdom_n and_o so_o great_a be_v his_o courage_n that_o he_o leave_v his_o kingdom_n to_o his_o son_n solomon_n in_o quiet_a and_o peace_n who_o by_o art_n of_o peace_n rather_o than_o war_n enjoy_v it_o happy_o his_o time_n upon_o account_n of_o his_o father_n but_o he_o can_v not_o leave_v it_o to_o rehoboam_n as_o he_o have_v receive_v it_o of_o his_o father_n for_o rehoboam_n be_v neither_o like_o his_o grandfather_n in_o courage_n nor_o his_o father_n in_o wisdom_n succeed_v scarce_o to_o the_o six_o part_n of_o his_o empire_n bajazet_n the_o turkish_a scholar_n though_o more_o studious_a of_o peace_n than_o of_o war_n enjoy_v the_o labour_n of_o mahomet_n his_o father_n who_o have_v like_o david_n subdue_v all_o his_o neighbour_n leave_v he_o a_o kingdom_n entire_a that_o may_v be_v peaceable_o maintain_v but_o have_v bazjazet_n son_n selimus_n now_o reign_v take_v after_o his_o father_n and_o not_o his_o grandfather_n that_o empire_n have_v be_v ruin_v but_o he_o outgo_v the_o glory_n of_o his_o grandfather_n from_o hence_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o after_o a_o excellent_a &_o magnificent_a prince_n a_o pusillanimous_a may_v succeed_v and_o the_o government_n stand_v but_o if_o one_o poor-spirited_a prince_n succeed_v another_o immediate_o it_o be_v impossible_a it_o shall_v subsist_v unless_o like_a france_n it_o be_v support_v by_o its_o old_a custom_n and_o law_n i_o call_v those_o prince_n weak_a and_o pusillanimous_a who_o be_v not_o conversant_a nor_o addict_v to_o the_o exercise_n of_o arm_n and_o do_v conclude_v that_o the_o tranquillity_n of_o numas_n reign_n which_o continue_v for_o many_o year_n be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o courage_n and_o activity_n of_o romulus_n which_o be_v revive_v again_o in_o tullus_n the_o three_o king_n after_o who_o follow_v ancus_n a_o prince_n of_o so_o excellent_a a_o temper_n that_o he_o know_v how_o to_o comport_v as_o well_o in_o the_o calm_n of_o peace_n as_o the_o tempest_n of_o war_n his_o first_o practice_n be_v gentle_a and_o by_o method_n of_o peace_n but_o find_v he_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o effeminate_a and_o grow_v contemptible_a to_o his_o neighbour_n he_o perceive_v the_o way_n to_o preserve_v his_o dignity_n be_v to_o betake_v himself_o to_o martial_a course_n and_o manage_v his_o affair_n rather_o like_o romulus_n than_o numa_n from_o hence_o a_o useful_a example_n for_o all_o prince_n may_v be_v take_v and_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o whoever_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o a_o state_n and_o follow_v the_o example_n of_o numa_n may_v either_o keep_v it_o or_o lose_v it_o according_a to_o the_o different_a circumstance_n of_o fortune_n or_o time_n but_o he_o who_o imitate_v romulus_n and_o be_v arm_v with_o wisdom_n and_o prowess_n shall_v be_v sure_a to_o keep_v it_o unless_o some_o extraordinary_a and_o irresistible_a power_n intervene_v to_o supplant_v he_o and_o it_o be_v in_o probability_n to_o be_v think_v that_o have_v not_o the_o three_o king_n of_o rome_n prove_v a_o martial_a prince_n and_o one_o who_o know_v by_o his_o arm_n to_o recover_v his_o decline_a reputation_n he_o can_v never_o or_o with_o great_a difficulty_n have_v regain_v it_o or_o perform_v those_o exploit_n which_o he_o do_v afterward_o so_o that_o whilst_o rome_n be_v a_o monarchy_n and_o under_o the_o government_n of_o king_n it_o be_v under_o a_o double_a danger_n of_o destruction_n either_o by_o the_o mildness_n or_o the_o tyranny_n of_o its_o prince_n chap._n xx._n two_o good_a prince_n immediate_o succeed_v may_v do_v great_a thing_n and_o wellgrounded_n commonwealth_n have_v always_o a_o virtuous_a succession_n their_o conquest_n and_o acquisition_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v according_a when_o monarchy_n be_v banish_v by_o the_o roman_n their_o danger_n be_v banish_v with_o they_o and_o they_o lie_v under_o no_o fear_n of_o either_o weak_a prince_n or_o tyrant_n for_o the_o command_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o consul_n who_o come_v to_o that_o authority_n not_o by_o inheritance_n or_o any_o indirect_a or_o violent_a ambition_n but_o by_o the_o suffrage_n of_o the_o people_n and_o be_v always_o excellent_a person_n the_o city_n of_o rome_n enjoy_v from_o time_n to_o time_n the_o benefit_n of_o their_o fortune_n and_o virtue_n may_v without_o much_o difficulty_n arrive_v at_o the_o high_a top_n of_o greatness_n and_o dignity_n as_o it_o do_v in_o the_o same_o number_n of_o year_n as_o it_o be_v under_o the_o government_n of_o king_n for_o we_o see_v in_o the_o example_n of_o philip_n of_o macedon_n and_o his_o son_n alexander_n the_o great_a that_o a_o succession_n of_o two_o martial_a prince_n without_o a_o peaceable_a interpose_v be_v sufficient_a to_o conquer_v the_o world_n and_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a in_o a_o monarchy_n it_o be_v easy_a in_o a_o commonwealth_n in_o who_o power_n it_o be_v to_o elect_v not_o only_o two_o but_o a_o infinite_a and_o continue_a succession_n of_o virtuous_a person_n so_o that_o in_o a_o well-ordered_a commonwealth_n the_o succession_n be_v constant_o good_a chap._n xxi_o how_o much_o that_o prince_n or_o commonwealth_n be_v to_o be_v condemn_v which_o neglect_v to_o train_v up_o soldier_n of_o its_o own_o the_o prince_n and_o commonwealth_n of_o our_o time_n if_o to_o defend_v themselves_o or_o offend_v their_o enemy_n as_o occasion_n serve_v they_o be_v unable_a to_o bring_v soldier_n of_o their_o own_o into_o the_o field_n they_o may_v thank_v themselves_o and_o acknowledge_v with_o tullus_n that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o want_v of_o capacity_n in_o their_o subject_n as_o want_v of_o wisdom_n in_o they_o for_o neglect_v to_o train_v they_o for_o when_o tullus_n come_v to_o the_o crown_n rome_n have_v be_v forty_o year_n together_o in_o peace_n during_o all_o numa_n reign_n and_o there_o be_v not_o a_o man_n to_o be_v find_v who_o have_v ever_o see_v the_o face_n of_o a_o enemy_n nevertheless_o his_o own_o design_n be_v martial_a he_o resolve_v to_o make_v no_o use_n of_o the_o samnite_n or_o tuscan_n or_o any_o other_o mercenary_a but_o as_o a_o wise_a prince_n to_o discipline_n his_o own_o and_o his_o art_n and_o experience_n be_v such_o that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o make_v they_o excellent_a soldier_n and_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o certain_a than_o that_o where_o man_n be_v unapt_a for_o war_n the_o fault_n be_v not_o in_o the_o situation_n or_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n
report_v all_o over_o tuscany_n that_o there_o be_v arm_v man_n see_v fight_v in_o the_o air_n over_o the_o town_n of_o arezzo_n and_o that_o the_o clash_n of_o their_o arm_n in_o the_o conflict_n be_v hear_v by_o the_o people_n it_o be_v general_o know_v in_o florence_n that_o before_o the_o death_n of_o the_o old_a laurence_n de_fw-fr medici_n the_o duomo_n or_o chief_a church_n in_o that_o city_n be_v strike_v with_o lightning_n and_o the_o people_n destroy_v and_o before_o piero_n sodermi_n who_o be_v make_v gonfaloniere_n for_o his_o life_n by_o the_o people_n be_v banish_v and_o degrade_v the_o palace_n be_v burn_v by_o lightning_n likewise_o many_o other_o instance_n may_v be_v produce_v which_o i_o omit_v for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o shall_v only_o add_v one_o which_o be_v mention_v by_o livy_n before_o the_o come_n of_o the_o french_a to_o rome_n marcus_n ceditius_n a_o plebeian_n acquaint_v the_o senate_n that_o pass_v one_o night_n about_o twelve_o a_o clock_n through_o the_o via-nova_a he_o hear_v a_o voice_n big_a than_o a_o man_n which_o advise_v he_o to_o let_v the_o senate_n know_v the_o french_a be_v upon_o their_o march_n to_o rome_n how_o these_o thing_n can_v be_v it_o be_v to_o be_v discourse_v by_o person_n well_o verse_v in_o the_o cause_n of_o natural_a and_o supernatural_a event_n for_o my_o part_n i_o will_v not_o pretend_v to_o understand_v they_o unless_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o philosopher_n we_o may_v believe_v that_o the_o air_n be_v full_a of_o intelligence_n and_o spirit_n who_o foresee_v future_a event_n and_o commiserate_v the_o condition_n of_o mankind_n give_v they_o warning_n by_o these_o kind_n of_o intimation_n that_o they_o may_v the_o more_o timely_o provide_v and_o defend_v themselves_o against_o their_o calamity_n but_o whatever_o be_v the_o cause_n experience_n assure_v we_o that_o after_o such_o denuntiation_n some_o extraordinary_a thing_n or_o other_o do_v constant_o happen_v chap._n lvii_o the_o multitude_n unite_v be_v formidable_a and_o strong_a but_o separate_v be_v weak_a and_o inconsiderable_a the_o roman_n be_v overthrow_v and_o their_o country_n much_o waste_v upon_o the_o come_n of_o the_o french_a many_o of_o they_o contrary_a to_o a_o express_a order_n and_o edict_n of_o the_o senate_n transplant_v to_o veii_n and_o leave_v rome_n whereupon_o by_o a_o new_a proclamation_n the_o senate_n command_v that_o by_o a_o precise_a day_n and_o upon_o a_o certain_a penalty_n they_o shall_v return_v to_o their_o old_a habitation_n when_o the_o news_n of_o this_o proclamation_n be_v first_o bring_v to_o veii_n it_o be_v despise_v and_o laugh_v at_o by_o every_o body_n but_o when_o the_o day_n appoint_v for_o their_o return_n arrive_v there_o be_v not_o a_o man_n but_o pack_v up_o his_o good_n and_o come_v back_o as_o be_v require_v and_o as_o livy_n say_v in_o the_o case_n exit_fw-la ferocibus_fw-la universis_fw-la singuli_fw-la metu_fw-la svo_fw-la obedientes_fw-la not_o one_o of_o they_o who_o be_v so_o contumacious_a together_o but_o apart_o begin_v to_o fear_v and_o that_o fear_v make_v he_o obedient_a and_o certain_o nothing_o can_v give_v we_o a_o more_o lively_a description_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o multitude_n than_o this_o case_n they_o be_v bold_a and_o will_v speak_v liberal_o against_o the_o decree_n of_o their_o prince_n and_o afterward_o when_o they_o see_v their_o punishment_n before_o their_o face_n every_o one_o grow_v fearful_a of_o his_o neighbour_n slip_v his_o neck_n out_o of_o the_o collar_n and_o return_n to_o his_o obedience_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o much_o to_o be_v consider_v what_o the_o people_n say_v either_o of_o their_o prince_n good_a management_n or_o bad_a so_o they_o be_v strong_a enough_o to_o keep_v they_o in_o their_o good_a humour_n when_o they_o be_v well_o dispose_v and_o provide_v which_o they_o be_v ill_a that_o they_o do_v they_o no_o hurt_n but_o this_o ill_a disposition_n of_o the_o people_n i_o mean_v all_o ill_a disposition_n but_o what_o arise_v either_o from_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o liberty_n or_o the_o loss_n of_o some_o excellent_a prince_n still_o live_v upon_o who_o they_o have_v settle_v their_o affection_n for_o the_o evil_a disposition_n proceed_v from_o these_o cause_n be_v transcendent_o dreadful_a and_o strong_a remedy_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o restrain_v they_o in_o other_o case_n their_o anger_n be_v nothing_o especial_o have_v no_o body_n to_o head_n they_o for_o as_o there_o be_v nothing_o so_o terrible_a as_o their_o fury_n in_o one_o case_n so_o there_o be_v nothing_o so_o vain_a and_o inconsiderable_a in_o the_o other_o because_o though_o they_o have_v betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o arm_n they_o be_v easy_o reduce_v if_o you_o can_v but_o avoid_v the_o first_o heat_n of_o their_o fury_n for_o by_o degree_n they_o will_v cool_v and_o every_o man_n consider_v it_o be_v his_o duty_n to_o return_v will_v begin_v to_o suspect_v himself_o and_o think_v of_o his_o security_n either_o by_o make_v his_o peace_n or_o escape_v whenever_o therefore_o the_o multitude_n be_v in_o a_o mutiny_n their_o best_a way_n be_v immediate_o to_o choose_v themselves_o a_o head_n who_o may_v correct_v keep_v they_o unite_v and_o contrive_v for_o their_o defence_n as_o the_o roman_n do_v when_o leave_v rome_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o virginia_n for_o their_o protection_n and_o security_n they_o create_v twenty_o tribune_n from_o among_o themselves_o and_o if_o this_o course_n be_v neglect_v it_o happen_v to_o they_o as_o livy_n presage_v in_o the_o forego_n sentence_n that_o as_o nothing_o be_v more_o courageous_a than_o the_o multitude_n unite_v so_o nothing_o be_v more_o abject_a when_o they_o be_v separate_v and_o divide_v chap._n lviii_o that_o the_o multitude_n be_v wise_a and_o more_o constant_a than_o a_o prince_n that_o nothing_o be_v more_o vain_a and_o inconstant_a than_o the_o multitude_n titus_n livius_n and_o all_o other_o historian_n do_v agree_v you_o shall_v many_o time_n find_v they_o condemn_v a_o man_n to_o death_n and_o lament_v he_o when_o he_o be_v dead_a and_o wish_v for_o he_o again_o this_o happen_v in_o the_o case_n of_o manlius_n capitolinus_n who_o be_v suspect_v to_o design_n against_o their_o liberty_n be_v by_o the_o people_n throw_v headlong_o down_o the_o rock_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n exceed_o regret_v the_o word_n of_o our_o author_n be_v these_o populum_fw-la brevi_fw-la posteaquam_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la periculum_fw-la nullum_fw-la erat_fw-la desiderium_fw-la ejus_fw-la tenuit_fw-la when_o their_o fear_n of_o he_o be_v over_o their_o affection_n revive_v and_o in_o another_o place_n where_o he_o show_v the_o accident_n which_o happen_v in_o syracuse_n after_o the_o death_n of_o girolamo_n nephew_n to_o hierone_n he_o say_v haec_fw-la natura_fw-la multitudinis_fw-la est_fw-la aut_fw-la humiliter_fw-la seruit_fw-la aut_fw-la superb_fw-la dominatur_fw-la the_o nature_n of_o the_o multitude_n be_v to_o be_v servil_o obedient_a or_o insolent_o tyrannical_a thing_n be_v thus_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o i_o shall_v not_o seem_v too_o bold_a to_o undertake_v the_o defence_n of_o a_o thing_n which_o all_o the_o world_n oppose_v and_o run_v myself_o upon_o a_o necessity_n of_o either_o quit_v it_o with_o disgrace_n or_o pursue_v it_o with_o scandal_n yet_o methinks_v be_v to_o maintain_v it_o with_o argument_n not_o force_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v so_o criminal_a i_o say_v then_o in_o behalf_n of_o the_o multitude_n that_o what_o they_o be_v charge_v withal_o by_o most_o author_n may_v be_v charge_v upon_o all_o private_a person_n in_o the_o world_n and_o especial_o upon_o prince_n for_o whoever_o live_v irregular_o and_o be_v not_o restrain_v by_o the_o law_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o exorbitancy_n and_o will_v commit_v as_o bad_a fault_n as_o the_o most_o dissolute_a multitude_n in_o the_o world_n and_o this_o may_v be_v easy_o know_v if_o it_o be_v consider_v how_o many_o prince_n there_o have_v be_v and_o how_o few_o of_o they_o good_a i_o mean_v of_o such_o prince_n as_o have_v despise_v and_o break_v through_o those_o law_n which_o be_v intend_v to_o restrain_v they_o the_o king_n in_o egypt_n be_v not_o ancient_o of_o this_o sort_n for_o they_o be_v govern_v by_o law_n in_o those_o province_n from_o the_o very_a beginning_n and_o the_o king_n of_o sparta_n be_v the_o same_o nor_o need_v we_o look_v back_o so_o far_o for_o example_n we_o have_v the_o king_n of_o france_n in_o our_o own_o day_n who_o kingdom_n in_o my_o judgement_n be_v at_o this_o time_n the_o most_o regular_a and_o best_a govern_v in_o the_o world_n those_o prince_n therefore_o who_o be_v bear_v under_o such_o law_n and_o constitution_n and_o oblige_v to_o live_v by_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v or_o compare_v with_o the_o dissolute_a and_o mutinous_a multitude_n but_o they_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v with_o a_o multitude_n
take_v away_o without_o manifest_a danger_n it_o be_v but_o equitable_a therefore_o that_o the_o people_n shall_v be_v capable_a of_o the_o consulship_n that_o be_v nourish_v a_o while_n with_o only_a the_o hope_n they_o may_v at_o length_n be_v so_o happy_a as_o to_o have_v it_o in_o effect_n a_o city_n that_o employ_v not_o its_o people_n in_o any_o great_a affair_n may_v order_v they_o as_o it_o please_v but_o if_o it_o design_n to_o extend_v its_o empire_n and_o do_v as_o the_o roman_n do_v there_o must_v be_v no_o distinction_n and_o that_o no_o regard_n ought_v to_o be_v have_v of_o any_o man_n age_n appear_v by_o this_o that_o in_o the_o election_n of_o a_o young_a man_n to_o a_o degree_n in_o which_o the_o wisdom_n of_o a_o old_a man_n be_v requisite_a the_o multitude_n be_v to_o elect_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o young_a man_n be_v recommend_v by_o some_o extraordinary_a exploit_n and_o when_o a_o young_a man_n be_v so_o happy_a as_o to_o have_v make_v himself_o 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most_o apt_a and_o experience_a that_o i_o can_v find_v provide_v their_o age_n be_v suitable_a to_o the_o war_n to_o instruct_v they_o as_o i_o shall_v direct_v but_o if_o i_o be_v to_o raise_v man_n to_o recruit_v and_o reinforce_v a_o army_n that_o be_v grow_v weak_a i_o will_v take_v none_o above_o seventeen_o because_o those_o who_o be_v there_o already_o will_v be_v able_a to_o teach_v they_o cosimo_n you_o will_v order_v your_o militia_n then_o as_o we_o be_v order_v with_o we_o fabritio_n you_o say_v well_o but_o i_o will_v arm_v and_o officer_z and_o exercise_n and_o order_v they_o in_o a_o way_n i_o know_v not_o whether_o you_o be_v acquaint_v with_o in_o your_o country_n cosimo_n then_o you_o be_v for_o train_v soldier_n fabritio_n why_o will_v
the_o swiss_n everyone_o know_v how_o many_o of_o the_o swiss_n foot_n be_v cut_v off_o at_o the_o battle_n of_o ravenna_n and_o all_o upon_o the_o same_o account_n the_o spanish_a foot_n have_v get_v to_o they_o with_o their_o sword_n and_o have_v cut_v they_o certain_o in_o piece_n have_v they_o not_o be_v rescue_v by_o the_o french_a horse_n and_o yet_o the_o spaniard_n draw_v themselves_o into_o a_o close_a order_n secure_v themselves_o i_o conclude_v therefore_o a_o good_a infantry_n ought_v to_o be_v able_a not_o only_o to_o sustain_v the_o horse_n but_o to_o encounter_v the_o foot_n which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v many_o time_n before_o be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o be_v well_o arm_v and_o well_o order_v cosimo_n tell_v i_o therefore_o i_o beseech_v you_o how_o you_o will_v have_v they_o arm_v chap._n iu._n how_o foot_n shall_v be_v arm_v and_o of_o the_o force_n and_o convenience_n of_o man_n at_o arms._n fabritio_n i_o will_v take_v both_o of_o the_o roman_a and_o german_a arm_n and_o half_a my_o man_n shall_v be_v arm_v with_o the_o one_o and_o half_a with_o the_o other_o for_o if_o in_o 6000_o foot_n as_o i_o shall_v explain_v to_o you_o hereafter_o i_o shall_v have_v 3000_o with_o buckler_n like_o the_o roman_n 2000_o pike_n and_o 1000_o musket_n like_o the_o swiss_n i_o think_v i_o shall_v do_v well_o enough_o for_o i_o will_v place_v my_o pike_n either_o in_o my_o front_n or_o wherever_o i_o suspect_v the_o enemy_n horse_n may_v make_v any_o impression_n my_o buckler_n and_o sword_n shall_v second_v my_o pike_n and_o be_v very_o conduce_v to_o the_o victory_n as_o i_o shall_v demonstrate_v so_o that_o i_o think_v a_o infantry_n thus_o order_v will_v be_v too_o hard_a for_o any_o other_o cosimo_n what_o you_o have_v say_v about_o the_o foot_n be_v sufficient_a i_o pray_v let_v we_o now_o hear_v what_o you_o judge_v of_o the_o horse_n and_o which_o way_n of_o equip_v they_o be_v the_o best_a the_o ancient_a or_o modern_a fabr._n i_o think_v the_o present_a way_n be_v the_o best_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o great_a saddle_n and_o stirrup_n which_o be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o the_o ancient_n and_o make_v man_n sit_v strong_a and_o firm_a upon_o their_o horse_n i_o think_v our_o way_n of_o arm_v now_o be_v more_o secure_a and_o a_o body_n of_o our_o horse_n will_v make_v a_o great_a impression_n than_o a_o body_n of_o the_o old_a yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o cavalry_n be_v not_o to_o be_v more_o esteem_v now_o than_o of_o old_a because_o as_o i_o have_v say_v they_o have_v in_o our_o day_n be_v oft_o worsted_n by_o the_o foot_n and_o so_o they_o always_o will_v be_v if_o the_o foot_n be_v arm_v and_o order_v as_o abovesaid_a tigranes_n king_n of_o armenia_n come_v into_o the_o field_n against_o the_o roman_a army_n under_o the_o command_n of_o lucullus_n with_o 150000_o horse_n many_o of_o they_o arm_v like_o our_o man_n at_o arm_n which_o they_o call_v catafracti_fw-la the_o roman_n consist_v only_o of_o 6000_o horse_n and_o 15000_o foot_n whereupon_o in_o contempt_n of_o their_o number_n when_o tigranes_n see_v they_o he_o say_v that_o they_o be_v like_a the_o train_n of_o a_o ambassador_n than_o a_o army_n nevertheless_o when_o they_o come_v to_o fight_v he_o be_v beat_v and_o he_o who_o write_v the_o story_n blame_v the_o catafracti_fw-la and_o declare_v they_o unserviceable_a for_o say_v he_o have_v beaver_n over_o their_o face_n they_o can_v so_o well_o see_v how_o to_o offend_v the_o enemy_n and_o be_v lade_v with_o arm_n if_o by_o accident_n their_o horse_n be_v kill_v or_o throw_v they_o upon_o the_o ground_n they_o can_v get_v up_o again_o nor_o help_v themselves_o in_o any_o manner_n i_o say_v then_o that_o nation_n or_o kingdom_n which_o prefer_v their_o horse_n to_o their_o foot_n shall_v always_o be_v weak_a and_o in_o danger_n of_o ruin_n as_o italy_n have_v experiment_a in_o our_o time_n have_v be_v expose_v to_o ruin_n and_o depredation_n by_o stranger_n for_o want_v of_o foot_n which_o have_v be_v very_o much_o neglect_v and_o all_o the_o soldier_n set_v on_o horseback_n not_o but_o it_o be_v good_a to_o have_v horse_n too_o yet_o not_o to_o make_v they_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o army_n but_o sufficient_a to_o second_v the_o foot_n for_o they_o be_v of_o great_a use_n for_o scout_v make_v inroad_n into_o the_o enemy_n country_n raise_v contribution_n infest_v the_o enemy_n and_o cut_v off_o convoy_n and_o supply_n of_o provision_n nevertheless_o when_o they_o come_v to_o a_o field-fight_a which_o be_v the_o main_a importance_n of_o a_o war_n and_o the_o very_a end_n for_o which_o army_n be_v raise_v they_o be_v not_o so_o serviceable_a as_o foot_n though_o indeed_o in_o a_o rout_n they_o be_v better_a to_o pursue_v cosimo_n i_o can_v concur_v with_o you_o in_o this_o for_o two_o reason_n one_o be_v the_o parthian_n use_v nothing_o but_o horse_n and_o yet_o they_o have_v their_o share_n of_o the_o world_n as_o well_o as_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o other_o be_v because_o i_o can_v see_v which_o way_n the_o cavalry_n can_v be_v sustain_v by_o the_o foot_n and_o from_o whence_o proceed_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o other_o fabr._n i_o think_v i_o have_v tell_v you_o or_o else_o i_o will_v tell_v you_o now_o that_o my_o discourse_n of_o military_a affair_n shall_v extend_v no_o far_o than_o europe_n be_v intend_v no_o far_o i_o do_v not_o think_v my_o self_n oblige_v to_o give_v a_o reason_n for_o their_o custom_n in_o asia_n yet_o this_o i_o may_v say_v that_o the_o parthian_a discipline_n be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o roman_a for_o the_o parthian_n fight_v always_o on_o horseback_n in_o confusion_n and_o disorder_n which_o be_v a_o way_n of_o fight_v very_o uncertain_a the_o roman_n fight_v general_o on_o foot_n in_o close_a and_o firm_a order_n and_o they_o overcome_v one_o another_o various_o as_o the_o place_n where_o they_o fight_v be_v open_a or_o straight_o in_o straight_a place_n the_o roman_n have_v the_o better_a in_o champain_n the_o parthian_n who_o be_v able_a to_o do_v great_a thing_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o country_n which_o they_o be_v to_o defend_v it_o be_v very_o large_a a_o thousand_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n not_o a_o river_n sometime_o within_o two_o or_o three_o day_n march_v and_o town_n and_o inhabitant_n very_o thin_a so_o that_o a_o army_n like_o the_o roman_a pester_v and_o encumber_v with_o their_o arm_n and_o their_o order_n can_v not_o pass_v through_o the_o country_n without_o great_a loss_n by_o reason_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o enemy_n consist_v in_o horse_n which_o be_v nimble_a here_o to_o day_n and_o to_o morrow_n fifty_o mile_n off_o and_o this_o may_v be_v a_o reason_n why_o the_o parthian_n prevail_v with_o their_o horse_n ruin_v the_o army_n of_o crassus_n and_o put_v marc_n anthony_n into_o so_o much_o danger_n but_o as_o i_o say_v before_o my_o intention_n be_v not_o to_o speak_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o army_n out_o of_o europe_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v insist_v only_o upon_o the_o roman_n the_o grecian_n and_o the_o german_n chap._n v._n the_o difference_n betwixt_o man_n at_o arm_n and_o foot_n and_o upon_o which_o we_o be_v most_o to_o rely_v fabr._n we_o come_v now_o to_o your_o other_o demand_n in_o which_o you_o desire_v to_o understand_v what_o order_n or_o what_o natural_a virtue_n it_o be_v that_o make_v the_o foot_n better_o than_o the_o horse_n i_o say_v in_o the_o first_o place_n horse_n can_v march_v in_o all_o country_n as_o foot_n can_v they_o be_v not_o so_o ready_a to_o obey_v order_n when_o there_o be_v any_o sudden_a occasion_n to_o change_v they_o for_o when_o they_o be_v upon_o their_o march_n if_o there_o be_v occasion_n to_o wheel_n or_o face_n about_o to_o advance_v or_o stop_v or_o retreat_n they_o can_v do_v it_o with_o that_o dexterity_n as_o the_o foot_n upon_o any_o rout_n or_o disorder_n horse_n can_v rally_v so_o well_o though_o perhaps_o they_o be_v not_o pursue_v which_o be_v not_o so_o with_o the_o foot_n again_o it_o be_v frequent_o see_v a_o brave_a and_o a_o dare_a man_n may_v be_v upon_o a_o bad_a horse_n and_o a_o coward_n upon_o a_o good_a and_o that_o inequality_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o many_o disorder_n nor_o let_v any_o one_o think_v strange_a that_o a_o body_n of_o foot_n can_v sustain_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o horse_n because_o a_o horse_n be_v a_o sensible_a creature_n and_o be_v apprehensive_a of_o danger_n be_v not_o easy_o bring_v into_o it_o and_o if_o it_o be_v consider_v what_o force_v they_o on_o and_o what_o force_v they_o off_o it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o that_o which_o keep_v they_o off_o be_v great_a than_o that_o which_o
of_o they_o do_v their_o office_n according_a to_o the_o intent_n of_o their_o establishment_n first_o your_o capidieci_fw-la or_o file-leader_n if_o they_o answer_v the_o end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v establish_v be_v to_o have_v their_o man_n apart_o lodge_v with_o they_o charge_v with_o they_o and_o be_v always_o in_o the_o same_o file_n with_o they_o for_o be_v keep_v to_o their_o due_a place_n the_o file-leader_n be_v a_o rule_n and_o temper_n to_o the_o rest_n keep_v they_o firm_a and_o straight_o in_o their_o file_n so_o as_o it_o be_v impossible_a almost_o that_o they_o be_v disorder_v and_o if_o they_o be_v they_o be_v quick_o reduce_v but_o in_o our_o day_n we_o make_v no_o otherwise_o of_o they_o but_o to_o give_v they_o great_a pay_n and_o enable_v they_o to_o make_v particular_a faction_n it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o ensign_n for_o they_o be_v use_v more_o for_o pomp_n and_o parade_n than_o any_o military_a service_n whereas_o former_o the_o captain_n employ_v they_o as_o guide_v and_o direction_n in_o case_n of_o disorder_n for_o every_o man_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o ensign_n be_v fix_v know_v his_o place_n immediate_o and_o immediate_o return_v to_o it_o they_o know_v likewise_o thereby_o how_o they_o be_v to_o move_v or_o to_o halt_v it_o be_v necessary_a therefore_o in_o a_o army_n that_o there_o be_v several_a of_o these_o small_a body_n that_o every_o body_n have_v its_o colour_n and_o ensign_n and_o guide_n for_o where_o there_o be_v many_o body_n there_o ought_v to_o be_v many_o arm_n and_o many_o officer_n the_o soldier_n then_o be_v to_o follow_v the_o motion_n of_o their_o colour_n and_o their_o colour_n the_o direction_n of_o their_o drum_n which_o be_v well_o order_v command_v the_o army_n and_o advertize_n how_o they_o be_v to_o march_v with_o a_o motion_n suitable_a to_o the_o time_n which_o it_o beat_v which_o be_v a_o great_a preservation_n to_o their_o order_n for_o this_o cause_n the_o ancient_n have_v their_o flute_n and_o pipe_n which_o make_v a_o excellent_a harmony_n and_o as_o he_o that_o dance_v keep_v himself_o exact_o to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o music_n and_o whilst_o he_o do_v so_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o err_v so_o a_o army_n that_o in_o its_o motion_n observe_v the_o beat_n and_o direction_n of_o its_o drum_n can_v be_v easy_o disorder_v for_o this_o reason_n they_o vary_v their_o sound_n when_o they_o will_v excite_v or_o assuage_v or_o continue_v the_o courage_n of_o their_o man_n and_o as_o their_o way_n of_o beat_v be_v various_a so_o they_o give_v they_o several_a name_n the_o doric_a way_n provoke_v to_o constancy_n and_o firmness_n the_o phrygian_a inflame_v the_o soldier_n into_o a_o martial_a fury_n and_o violence_n it_o be_v report_v that_o alexander_n be_v one_o day_n at_o dinner_n and_o hear_v a_o drum_n beat_v sudden_o the_o phrygian_a way_n be_v transport_v with_o so_o great_a a_o vehemence_n and_o commotion_n that_o he_o clap_v his_o hand_n upon_o his_o sword_n and_o draw_v it_o as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v go_v to_o fight_v so_o that_o in_o my_o judgement_n it_o will_v be_v very_o convenient_a to_o revive_v the_o ancient_a dialect_n of_o the_o drum_n and_o practice_n of_o our_o ancestor_n and_o if_o that_o shall_v prove_v too_o difficult_a yet_o those_o person_n shall_v not_o be_v despise_v and_o lay_v aside_o who_o will_v teach_v and_o instruct_v the_o soldier_n how_o to_o obey_v they_o yet_o those_o way_n may_v be_v change_v and_o vary_v as_o every_o man_n please_v provide_v he_o ensure_v his_o soldier_n ear_n to_o understand_v the_o variety_n but_o now_o a-days_o the_o great_a use_n of_o the_o drum_n be_v to_o make_v a_o great_a noise_n cosimo_n i_o will_v fain_o know_v of_o you_o if_o you_o have_v ever_o consider_v it_o with_o yourself_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o such_o military_a exercise_n be_v in_o our_o time_n grow_v so_o low_a and_o contemptible_a fabr._n i_o shall_v tell_v you_o free_o what_o i_o think_v may_v be_v the_o cause_n chap._n xiii_o a_o discourse_n of_o the_o author_n about_o military_a virtue_n and_o how_o it_o be_v become_v so_o despicable_a in_o our_o day_n fabr._n you_o know_v europe_n according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o several_a author_n have_v afford_v many_o excellent_a captain_n africa_n have_v have_v some_o and_o asia_n few_o and_o the_o reason_n as_o i_o conceive_v be_v because_o those_o two_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n have_v have_v but_o one_o or_o two_o monarchy_n among_o they_o and_o very_o few_o commonwealth_n but_o europe_n have_v have_v several_a kingdom_n and_o more_o commonwealth_n and_o man_n be_v industrious_a and_o by_o consequence_n excellent_a as_o they_o be_v employ_v and_o prefer_v by_o their_o prince_n or_o their_o state_n where_o therefore_o there_o be_v many_o prince_n there_o be_v many_o brave_a man_n where_o there_o be_v but_o few_o of_o the_o first_o there_o be_v few_o of_o the_o other_o we_o find_v in_o asia_n there_o be_v ninus_n cyrus_n artaxerxes_n mithridates_n and_o some_o few_o other_o of_o that_o rank_n in_o africa_n beside_o the_o egyptian_a antiquity_n there_o be_v massinissa_n jugurtha_n and_o those_o great_a captain_n which_o be_v train_v up_o in_o the_o carthaginian_a war_n which_o notwithstanding_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o number_n which_o have_v be_v produce_v in_o europe_n be_v very_o few_o for_o in_o europe_n their_o brave_a general_n be_v innumerable_a in_o history_n or_o at_o least_o they_o will_v have_v be_v have_v the_o historian_n with_o those_o they_o have_v already_o record_v make_v mention_n of_o such_o as_o be_v now_o forget_v by_o the_o malignity_n of_o time_n for_o there_o people_n be_v more_o virtuous_a where_o there_o have_v be_v frequent_a revolution_n of_o state_n and_o where_o the_o government_n have_v favour_v virtue_n either_o out_o of_o necessity_n or_o compassion_n as_o for_o asia_n it_o have_v not_o produce_v many_o extraordinary_a man_n because_o that_o province_n be_v whole_o under_o a_o monarchy_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o greatness_n the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v always_o at_o peace_n can_v not_o produce_v such_o excellent_a man_n as_o where_o there_o be_v action_n and_o war_n in_o africa_n it_o be_v the_o same_o yet_o there_o they_o be_v more_o numerous_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o carthaginian_a republic_n for_o commonwealth_n do_v furnish_v the_o world_n with_o more_o brave_a man_n than_o kingdom_n because_o in_o state_n virtue_n be_v many_o time_n honour_v and_o advance_v in_o monarchy_n and_o kingdom_n it_o be_v suspect_v from_o whence_o it_o proceed_v that_o in_o the_o one_o it_o be_v encourage_v in_o the_o other_o explode_v he_o then_o who_o shall_v consider_v europe_n shall_v find_v it_o full_a of_o commonwealth_n and_o principality_n which_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o jealousy_n and_o animosity_n betwixt_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o keep_v up_o the_o old_a military_a discipline_n and_o advance_v those_o who_o in_o it_o be_v any_o way_n eminent_a 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a_o solemn_a counsel_n where_o the_o public_a administration_n be_v debate_v those_o to_o who_o the_o government_n at_o that_o time_n belong_v advise_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o balia_n for_o the_o future_a that_o the_o way_n of_o imborsation_n shall_v be_v lay_v aside_o and_o the_o magistrate_n be_v choose_v by_o lot_n as_o in_o the_o former_a squittini_n or_o election_n to_o obviate_v this_o humour_n cosimo_n have_v two_o way_n either_o to_o possess_v himself_o forcible_o of_o the_o government_n by_o the_o power_n of_o his_o party_n and_o depose_v his_o enemy_n or_o to_o let_v thing_n go_v which_o way_n they_o will_v and_o attend_v till_o time_n shall_v make_v his_o friend_n discern_v that_o they_o do_v not_o take_v the_o government_n and_o authority_n so_o much_o from_o he_o as_o from_o themselves_o of_o the_o two_o he_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o last_o know_v that_o according_a to_o that_o constitution_n the_o purse_n be_v full_a of_o his_o friend_n he_o can_v without_o 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enterprise_n against_o the_o turk_n the_o time_n of_o pius_n his_o whole_a papacy_n be_v consume_v but_o florence_n fall_v again_o into_o its_o old_a faction_n and_o dissension_n the_o division_n in_o cosimo_n party_n begin_v in_o 55_o upon_o the_o occasion_n aforesaid_a and_o by_o his_o wisdom_n as_o be_v say_v before_o they_o be_v restrain_v but_o in_o 64_o cosimo_n fall_v sick_a die_v and_o die_v general_o lament_v both_o by_o his_o friend_n and_o his_o enemy_n for_o they_o who_o love_v he_o not_o whilst_o at_o the_o helm_n see_v their_o fellow_n citizen_n so_o rapacious_a whilst_o he_o be_v live_v the_o reverence_n they_o bear_v to_o his_o person_n make_v they_o less_o insupportable_a than_o otherwise_o they_o will_v be_v can_v not_o but_o fear_n now_o he_o be_v dead_a and_o his_o influence_n lose_v they_o shall_v be_v utter_o ruin_v and_o in_o his_o son_n piero_n they_o can_v repose_v little_a confidence_n for_o though_o he_o be_v of_o himself_o a_o good_a man_n yet_o be_v 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if_o it_o do_v whereby_o he_o do_v not_o only_o subdue_v all_o domestic_a and_o private_a ambition_n at_o home_n but_o restrain_v it_o so_o happy_o in_o several_a prince_n that_o whoever_o confederate_v with_o he_o and_o his_o country_n come_v off_o upon_o equal_a term_n if_o not_o worsted_n their_o enemy_n and_o whoever_o oppose_v he_o either_o lose_v their_o money_n their_o time_n or_o their_o state_n and_o of_o this_o the_o venetian_n can_v give_v ample_a testimony_n who_o whilst_o in_o league_n with_o he_o against_o duke_n philip_n be_v always_o victorious_a but_o that_o league_n be_v no_o soon_o break_v but_o they_o be_v beat_v both_o by_o philip_n and_o francisco_n and_o when_o they_o join_v with_o alfonso_n against_o the_o republic_n of_o florence_n cosimo_n with_o his_o own_o credit_n drain_v naples_n and_o venice_n so_o dry_a that_o they_o be_v glad_a to_o except_v what_o term_n of_o peace_n he_o will_v allow_v of_o all_o the_o difficulty_n therefore_o which_o cosimo_n 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the_o forty_o year_n of_o his_o age_n it_o be_v more_o pleasant_a and_o happy_a not_o only_o such_o as_o be_v employ_v with_o he_o in_o public_a affair_n but_o the_o manager_n also_o of_o his_o private_a treasure_n in_o foreign_a part_n participate_v of_o his_o felicity_n from_o he_o many_o family_n in_o florence_n may_v derive_v their_o great_a estate_n particular_o the_o fornabuoni_n the_o benci_n the_o portinari_fw-la the_o sapetti_n and_o in_o short_a all_o that_o have_v dependence_n either_o upon_o his_o counsel_n or_o fortune_n though_o his_o disbursement_n be_v vast_a in_o build_v his_o house_n and_o temple_n and_o in_o his_o distribution_n to_o the_o poor_a yet_o he_o will_v complain_v sometime_o among_o his_o friend_n that_o he_o have_v not_o lay_v out_o so_o much_o to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n as_o he_o be_v oblige_v and_o that_o if_o he_o have_v do_v much_o more_o he_o must_v confess_v himself_o his_o debtor_n his_o stature_n be_v ordinary_a his_o complexion_n worthy_a 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rely_v upon_o before_o but_o in_o kingdom_n that_o be_v govern_v according_a to_o the_o model_n of_o france_n it_o happen_v quite_o contrary_a because_o have_v gain_v some_o of_o the_o baron_n to_o your_o side_n and_o some_o of_o they_o will_v always_o be_v discontent_n and_o desirous_a of_o change_n you_o may_v ready_o enter_v they_o can_v as_o i_o say_v before_o give_v you_o easy_a admission_n and_o contribute_v to_o your_o victory_n but_o to_o defend_v and_o make_v good_a what_o you_o have_v get_v bring_v a_o long_a train_n of_o trouble_n and_o calamity_n with_o it_o as_o well_o upon_o your_o friend_n as_o your_o foe_n nor_o will_v it_o suffice_v to_o exterminate_v the_o race_n of_o the_o king_n forasmuch_o as_o other_o prince_n will_v remain_v who_o upon_o occasion_n will_v make_v themselves_o head_n of_o any_o commotion_n and_o they_o be_v neither_o to_o be_v satisfy_v nor_o extinguish_v you_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v expel_v upon_o the_o first_o insurrection_n now_o if_o it_o 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victor_n but_o from_o the_o difference_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o subject_a chap._n v._n how_o such_o city_n and_o principality_n be_v to_o be_v govern_v who_o live_v under_o their_o own_o law_n before_o they_o be_v subdue_v when_o state_n that_o be_v new_o conquer_v have_v be_v accustom_v to_o their_o liberty_n and_o live_v under_o their_o own_o law_n to_o keep_v they_o three_o way_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v the_o first_o be_v utter_o to_o ruin_v they_o the_o second_o to_o live_v personal_o among_o they_o the_o three_o be_v content_v yourself_o with_o a_o pension_n from_o they_o to_o permit_v they_o to_o enjoy_v their_o old_a privilege_n and_o law_n erect_v a_o kind_n of_o council_n of_o state_n to_o consist_v of_o a_o few_o which_o may_v have_v a_o care_n of_o your_o interest_n and_o keep_v the_o people_n in_o amity_n and_o obedience_n and_o that_o council_n be_v set_v up_o by_o you_o and_o know_v that_o it_o subsist_v only_o by_o your_o favour_n and_o authority_n will_v not_o omit_v any_o thing_n that_o may_v propagate_v and_o enlarge_v they_o a_o town_n that_o have_v be_v ancient_o free_a can_v more_v easy_o be_v keep_v in_o subjection_n than_o by_o employ_v its_o own_o citizen_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o spartan_n and_o roman_n the_o spartan_n have_v get_v possession_n of_o athens_n and_o thebes_n and_o settle_v a_o oligarchie_n according_a to_o their_o fancy_n and_o yet_o they_o lose_v they_o again_o the_o roman_n to_o keep_v capua_n carthage_n and_o numantia_n order_v they_o to_o be_v destroy_v and_o they_o keep_v they_o by_o that_o mean_n think_v afterward_o to_o preserve_v greece_n as_o the_o spartan_n have_v do_v by_o allow_v they_o their_o liberty_n and_o indulge_v their_o old_a law_n they_o find_v themselves_o mistake_v so_o that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o subvert_v many_o city_n in_o that_o province_n before_o they_o can_v keep_v it_o and_o certain_o that_o be_v the_o safe_a way_n which_o i_o know_v for_o whoever_o conquer_v a_o free_a town_n and_o do_v not_o demolish_v it_o commit_v a_o great_a error_n and_o may_v expect_v to_o be_v ruin_v himself_o because_o whenever_o the_o citizen_n be_v dispose_v to_o a_o revolt_n they_o betake_v themselves_o of_o course_n to_o that_o bless_a name_n of_o liberty_n and_o the_o law_n of_o their_o ancestor_n which_o no_o length_n of_o time_n nor_o kind_a usage_n whatever_o will_v be_v able_a to_o eradicate_v and_o let_v all_o possible_a care_n and_o provision_n be_v make_v to_o the_o contrary_a unless_o they_o be_v divide_v some_o way_n or_o other_o or_o the_o inhabitant_n disperse_v the_o thought_n of_o their_o old_a privilege_n will_v never_o out_o of_o their_o head_n but_o upon_o all_o occasion_n they_o will_v endeavour_v to_o recover_v they_o as_o pisa_n do_v after_o it_o have_v continue_v so_o many_o year_n in_o subjection_n to_o the_o florentine_n but_o it_o fall_v out_o quite_o contrary_a where_o the_o city_n or_o province_n have_v be_v use_v to_o a_o prince_n who_o race_n be_v extirpate_v and_o go_v for_o be_v on_o the_o one_o side_n accustom_v to_o obey_v and_o on_o the_o other_o at_o a_o loss_n for_o their_o old_a family_n they_o can_v never_o agree_v to_o set_v up_o another_o and_o will_v never_o know_v how_o to_o live_v free_o without_o so_o that_o they_o be_v not_o easy_o to_o be_v tempt_v to_o rebel_v and_o the_o prince_n may_v oblige_v they_o with_o less_o difficulty_n and_o be_v secure_a of_o they_o when_o he_o have_v do_v but_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n their_o hatred_n be_v more_o inverterate_a their_o revenge_n more_o insatiable_a nor_o do_v the_o memory_n of_o their_o ancient_a liberty_n ever_o suffer_v or_o ever_o can_v suffer_v they_o to_o be_v quiet_a so_o that_o the_o most_o secure_a way_n be_v either_o to_o ruin_v they_o quite_o or_o make_v your_o residence_n among_o they_o chap._n vi_o of_o principality_n acquire_v by_o one_o own_o proper_a conduct_n and_o arms._n let_v no_o man_n think_v it_o strange_a if_o in_o speak_v of_o new_a government_n either_o by_o prince_n or_o state_n i_o introduce_v great_a and_o eminent_a example_n forasmuch_o as_o man_n in_o their_o action_n follow_v common_o the_o way_n that_o be_v beat_v and_o when_o they_o will_v do_v any_o generous_a thing_n they_o propose_v to_o themselves_o some_o pattern_n of_o that_o nature_n nevertheless_o be_v impossible_a to_o come_v up_o exact_o to_o that_o or_o to_o acquire_v that_o virtue_n in_o perfection_n which_o you_o desire_v to_o imitate_v a_o wise_a man_n ought_v always_o to_o set_v before_o he_o for_o his_o example_n the_o action_n of_o great_a man_n who_o have_v excel_v in_o the_o achievement_n of_o some_o great_a exploit_n to_o the_o end_n that_o though_o his_o virtue_n and_o power_n arrive_v not_o at_o that_o perfection_n it_o may_v at_o least_o come_v as_o near_o as_o be_v possible_a and_o receive_v some_o tincture_n thereby_o like_o experience_a archer_n who_o observe_v the_o mark_n to_o be_v at_o great_a distance_n and_o know_v the_o strength_n of_o their_o bow_n and_o how_o far_o it_o will_v carry_v they_o fix_v their_o aim_n somewhat_o high_a than_o the_o mark_n not_o with_o design_n to_o shoot_v at_o that_o height_n but_o that_o by_o mount_v their_o arrow_n to_o a_o certain_a proportion_n they_o may_v come_v the_o near_a to_o the_o mark_v they_o intend_v i_o say_v then_o that_o principality_n new_o acquit_v by_o a_o upstart_n prince_n be_v more_o or_o less_o difficult_a to_o maintain_v as_o he_o be_v more_o or_o less_o provident_a that_o gain_v they_o and_o because_o the_o happiness_n of_o rise_v from_o a_o private_a person_n to_o be_v a_o prince_n presuppose_v great_a virtue_n or_o fortune_n where_o both_o of_o they_o concur_v they_o do_v much_o facilitate_v the_o conservation_n of_o the_o conquest_n yet_o he_o who_o have_v commit_v least_o to_o fortune_n have_v continue_v