to_o portsmouth_n they_o which_o be_v summon_v to_o the_o last_o be_v specify_v under_o the_o denomination_n of_o comites_fw-la barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la militare_fw-la servitium_n ei_fw-la debebant_fw-la this_o be_v to_o have_v they_o pass_v the_o sea_n with_o he_o and_o they_o that_o stay_v at_o home_n give_v he_o escuage_z veniente_fw-la autem_fw-la die_fw-la statuto_fw-la multi_fw-la impetratâ_fw-la licentiâ_fw-la daunt_v regi_fw-la de_fw-la quolibet_fw-la scuto_fw-la dvas_fw-la marcas_fw-la argenti_n here_o be_v a_o military_a council_n and_o a_o military_a aid_n give_v they_o that_o be_v with_o he_o at_o dover_n be_v not_o particular_o describe_v by_o matthew_n paris_n but_o he_o tell_v we_o convenerunt_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la &_o pandulphus_fw-la cum_fw-la proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la apud_fw-la domum_fw-la militum_fw-la templi_fw-la juxta_fw-la doveram_fw-la 15._o die_v maii_n par._n ubi_fw-la idem_fw-la rex_fw-la juxta_fw-la quod_fw-la romae_fw-la fierat_fw-la sententiatum_fw-la resignavit_fw-la coronam_fw-la svam_fw-la cum_fw-la regnis_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o be_v communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la baronum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la knyghton_n as_o matt._n paris_n and_o knyghton_n render_v the_o charter_n as_o matt._n westminster_n ad_fw-la optimum_fw-la consilium_fw-la baronum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la 271._o the_o last_o give_v we_o the_o form_n of_o the_o summons_n which_o show_v who_o be_v the_o commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la here_o the_o proceres_fw-la regni_fw-la mention_v in_o matt._n paris_n omnes_fw-la suae_fw-la ditionis_fw-la homines_fw-la 271._o viz._n deuce_n comites_fw-la &_o barones_n milites_fw-la &_o servientes_fw-la cum_fw-la equis_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la so_o that_o here_o be_v a_o military_a summons_n to_o they_o that_o ought_v to_o come_v because_o of_o service_n which_o be_v explain_v by_o the_o summons_n to_o dover_n which_o be_v to_o omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la militare_fw-la servitium_fw-la ei_fw-la debebant_fw-la if_o he_o think_v all_o be_v bind_v to_o that_o service_n and_o summon_v all_o still_o the_o parliament_n judgement_n satisfy_v we_o either_o that_o the_o rest_n be_v not_o oblige_v and_o therefore_o come_v not_o or_o if_o they_o come_v as_o they_o often_o do_v in_o hen._n 3._o time_n upon_o the_o like_a summons_n as_o appear_v by_o many_o record_n of_o that_o age_n that_o the_o king_n tenant_n only_o assent_v to_o the_o resignation_n either_o way_n it_o resolve_v into_o this_o that_o a_o council_n of_o the_o king_n tenant_n be_v not_o a_o council_n that_o can_v lay_v any_o obligation_n upon_o or_o pretend_v to_o a_o representation_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n indeed_o i_o meet_v with_o a_o ms._n write_v i_o suppose_v in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 6._o above_o two_o hundred_o year_n past_a the_o author_n of_o which_o be_v induce_v by_o all_o the_o record_n or_o history_n which_o have_v then_o appear_v to_o he_o to_o believe_v that_o nothing_o can_v be_v of_o universal_a obligation_n even_o in_o king_n john_n time_n but_o what_o be_v assent_v to_o as_o universal_o as_o law_n be_v when_o he_o write_v give_v we_o king_n john_n charter_n of_o resignation_n in_o a_o very_a full_a and_o complete_a form_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v per_fw-la consilium_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la procerum_fw-la arch._n ep._n ab._n prior._n comitat._n defunct_a baronum_fw-la militum_fw-la liberorum_fw-la hominum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la fidelium_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la whereby_o if_o his_o authority_n can_v stand_v in_o competition_n with_o the_o great_a council_n he_o will_v remove_v the_o objection_n that_o have_v be_v long_o before_o make_v which_o be_v that_o this_o resignation_n make_v in_o the_o ordinary_a curia_n be_v not_o in_o a_o legal_a representative_a of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o seem_v that_o both_o the_o parliament_n and_o this_o author_n be_v then_o satisfy_v that_o the_o king_n be_v feudal_n peer_n or_o tenant_n in_o chief_n can_v not_o make_v a_o commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o a_o full_a parliament_n in_o king_n john_n time_n beside_o it_o be_v worthy_a of_o consideration_n that_o if_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o this_o time_n than_o all_o the_o abbot_n prior_n and_o other_o dignify_v clergy_n who_o hold_v not_o of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a and_o yet_o be_v very_o numerous_a together_o with_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v entire_o exclude_v from_o and_o never_o admit_v to_o this_o common_a council_n any_o more_o than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o laity_n from_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o first_o to_o the_o forty_o nine_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o this_o i_o conceive_v be_v enough_o in_o the_o negative_a that_o the_o king_n tenant_n can_v not_o within_o the_o meaning_n of_o this_o charter_n make_v the_o common_a or_o general_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o they_o make_v the_o common_a or_o ordinary_a council_n for_o matter_n of_o tenure_n or_o ordinary_a justice_n i_o shall_v not_o oppose_v it_o in_o which_o sense_n they_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la but_o that_o sense_n can_v be_v here_o intend_v because_o the_o word_n be_v commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la de_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la aliter_fw-la quam_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o de_fw-fr scutagiis_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_o no_o more_o than_o a_o common_a council_n for_o the_o assess_n of_o aid_n and_o escuage_z and_o if_o i_o show_v that_o the_o aid_n and_o escuage_z concern_v the_o king_n tenant_n only_o than_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n dwindle_n into_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o king_n tenant_n for_o matter_n concern_v their_o tenure_n if_o no_o instance_n can_v be_v show_v from_o record_n or_o history_n of_o auxilia_fw-la or_o aid_n raise_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n without_o more_o general_a consent_n except_o such_o as_o be_v raise_v of_o his_o immediate_a tenant_n and_o those_o case_n wherein_o the_o king_n here_o reserve_v to_o himself_o a_o power_n of_o charge_v with_o aid_n or_o escuage_z without_o consent_n of_o a_o common_a council_n concern_v his_o tenant_n only_o and_o more_o than_o those_o tenant_n be_v party_n or_o privy_n to_o this_o charter_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o the_o other_o case_n wherein_o the_o consent_n of_o a_o common_a council_n be_v requisite_a concern_v tenant_n only_o since_o only_o their_o consent_n be_v require_v and_o they_o only_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o this_o clause_n of_o the_o charter_n that_o two_o of_o the_o three_o above_o mention_v viz._n aid_v to_o make_v the_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n and_o to_o marry_v the_o elder_a daughter_n be_v incident_a to_o tenure_n appear_v by_o the_o stat._n west_n 1._o cap._n 36._o which_o ascertain_v the_o aid_n which_o before_o as_o that_o declare_v be_v not_o reasonable_a and_o show_v upon_o who_o it_o lay_v viz._n tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o socage_n tenant_n and_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o if_o the_o king_n may_v by_o law_n have_v require_v aid_n in_o those_o two_o case_n he_o may_v have_v do_v it_o in_o the_o three_o for_o the_o redemption_n of_o his_o own_o body_n which_o be_v a_o service_n a_o king_n of_o england_n especial_o after_o the_o loss_n of_o normandy_n which_o often_o occasion_v the_o expose_v their_o sacred_a person_n charter_n so_o little_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o and_o be_v likely_a so_o rare_o to_o happen_v that_o there_o be_v no_o need_n to_o redress_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o west_n any_o grievance_n arise_v from_o thence_o though_o the_o statute_n here_o speak_v of_o be_v only_o in_o the_o affirmative_a what_o tenant_n by_o these_o service_n shall_v pay_v yet_o this_o have_v be_v take_v to_o be_v pregnant_a with_o a_o negative_a as_o to_o all_o other_o not_o mention_v so_o 11_o hen._n 4._o fol._n 32._o nul_fw-fr grand_fw-fr sergeanty_n ne_fw-fr nul_fw-fr auter_n tenure_n mes_fw-fr seulement_fw-fr ceux_fw-fr queux_fw-fr teigne_v in_o chivalry_n &_o en_fw-fr socage_n ne_fw-fr paieront_fw-fr aid_n a_o file_n merry_a pour_n ceo_fw-la stat._n de_fw-fr west_n 1._o cap._n 36._o voet_n que_fw-fr ceux_fw-fr deux_fw-fr tenor_n serroint_v charge_n &_o ne_fw-fr parle_fw-fr de_fw-fr auter_n tenor_n that_o be_v none_o but_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o socage_n be_v liable_a to_o these_o auxilia_fw-la but_o over_o and_o above_o these_o incident_n whether_o with_o consent_n of_o tenant_n or_o advice_n of_o other_o council_n or_o mere_o of_o their_o arbitrary_a motion_n king_n use_v to_o raise_v money_n upon_o their_o tenant_n and_o these_o be_v call_v auxilia_fw-la which_o be_v the_o word_n use_v in_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n the_o leavy_z upon_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n be_v call_v escuage_z because_o of_o their_o servitium_n scuti_fw-la service_n of_o the_o shield_n that_o upon_o tenant_n of_o their_o demesn_n in_o common_a socage_n tallage_n which_o be_v a_o word_n that_o may_v be_v of_o a_o large_a extent_n as_o it_o signify_v a_o cut_n
jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la fancy_n nova_fw-la or_o several_a monument_n of_o antiquity_n touch_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n immediate_a tenant_n and_o officer_n from_o the_o first_o of_o william_n the_o first_o to_o the_o forty_o nine_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o revive_v and_o and_o clear_v wherein_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o common-council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n mention_v in_o king_n john_n charter_n and_o of_o the_o law_n ecclesiastical_a or_o civil_a concern_v clergy-men_n vote_v in_o capital_a case_n be_v submit_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o learned_a decipimur_fw-la specie_fw-la recti_fw-la hor._n london_n print_v for_o thomas_n basset_n at_o the_o george_n near_o st._n dunstan_n church_n in_o fleetstreet_n 1680._o jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la fancy_n nova_fw-la that_o king_n john_n charter_n exhibit_v the_o full_a form_n of_o our_o english_a great_a and_o most_o general_a council_n in_o those_o day_n if_o i_o may_v faith_fw-mi so_o be_v the_o vulgar_a error_n of_o our_o learned_a man_n and_o it_o be_v that_o which_o have_v give_v the_o only_a prejudice_n to_o the_o pain_n of_o the_o judicious_a mr._n petyt_n who_o i_o must_v faith_fw-mi have_v lay_v the_o foundation_n and_o sure_a rule_n of_o understand_v the_o ancient_a record_n and_o history_n which_o mention_v the_o great_a or_o general_a council_n in_o his_o distinction_n between_o the_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la 131._o and_o commune_v or_o generale_fw-mi concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la barones_n regis_fw-la and_o barones_n regni_n and_o the_o servitia_fw-la which_o be_v pay_v or_o perform_v by_o reason_n of_o tenure_n and_o those_o common_a prestation_n 37._o which_o bracton_n mention_n sunt_fw-la etiam_fw-la quaedam_fw-la commune_v praestationes_fw-la quae_fw-la servitia_fw-la non_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la nec_fw-la de_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la veniunt_fw-la nisi_fw-la cum_fw-la necessitas_fw-la intervenerit_fw-la vel_fw-la cum_fw-la rex_fw-la venerit_fw-la sicut_fw-la sunt_fw-la hidagia_fw-la corragia_fw-la carvagia_fw-la &_o alia_fw-la plura_fw-la de_fw-la necessitate_v &_o consensu_fw-la communi_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la introducta_fw-la which_o be_v not_o call_v service_n nor_o come_v from_o custom_n but_o be_v only_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n acre_n or_o when_o the_o king_n meet_v his_o people_n as_o hidage_n courage_n and_o carvage_a and_o many_o other_o thing_n bring_v in_o by_o necessity_n and_o by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o i_o must_v observe_v upon_o the_o difference_n here_o take_v that_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o the_o maintain_v a_o real_a difference_n to_o insist_v upon_o it_o that_o none_o of_o these_o word_n be_v ever_o use_v to_o signify_v what_o be_v the_o natural_a signification_n of_o the_o other_o for_o example_n barones_n and_o milites_fw-la be_v sufficient_o distinct_a in_o their_o sense_n and_o yet_o when_o but_o one_o of_o the_o word_n be_v use_v either_o of_o they_o may_v and_o often_o do_v take_v in_o the_o other_o but_o when_o barones_n milites_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v set_v together_o the_o barones_n be_v a_o rank_n of_o man_n superior_a to_o the_o ordinary_a milites_fw-la it_o be_v enough_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o difference_n above_o mention_v be_v right_o take_v if_o according_a to_o the_o subject_a matter_n and_o circumstance_n we_o can_v clear_o divide_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o now_o let_v we_o see_v the_o word_n of_o the_o charter_n 1215._o and_o observe_v whether_o they_o be_v mean_v of_o all_o general_n or_o common_a council_n for_o make_v of_o law_n and_o voluntary_a gift_n to_o the_o crown_n or_o only_o of_o such_o as_o concern_v the_o king_n immediate_a tenant_n nullum_fw-la scutagium_fw-la vel_fw-la auxilium_fw-la ponam_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la nisi_fw-la ad_fw-la corpus_fw-la nostrum_fw-la redimendum_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la primogenitum_fw-la filium_fw-la nostrum_fw-la militem_fw-la faciendum_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la primogenitam_fw-la filiam_fw-la nostram_fw-la semel_fw-la maritandam_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la non_fw-la fiet_fw-la nisi_fw-la rationabile_fw-la auxilium_fw-la simili_fw-la modo_fw-la fiat_fw-la de_fw-la civitate_fw-la londinensi_fw-la et_fw-la civitas_n londinensis_fw-la habeat_fw-la omnes_fw-la antiquas_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terras_fw-la quam_fw-la per_fw-la aquas_fw-la praeterea_fw-la volumus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la aliae_fw-la civitates_fw-la &_o burgi_n &_o villae_fw-la &_o barones_n the_o quinque_fw-la portubus_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la portus_fw-la habeant_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o liberas_fw-la consuetudives_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la aliter_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o tribus_fw-la casibus_fw-la praedictis_fw-la hear_v the_o london_n edition_n of_o matthew_n paris_n 247._o and_o that_o at_o tours_n make_v a_o period_n distinct_a from_o what_o follow_v and_o then_o the_o sense_n be_v that_o except_o in_o those_o three_o case_n wherein_o the_o king_n may_v take_v aid_n or_o escuage_z at_o the_o common_a law_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o a_o common_a council_n for_o all_o other_o aid_n or_o escuage_z a_o common_a council_n shall_v be_v hold_v and_o the_o city_n of_o london_n all_o city_n burrough_n parish_n or_o township_n that_o be_v the_o villani_n their_o inhabitant_n the_o baron_n or_o freeman_n of_o the_o five_o port_n and_o all_o port_n shall_v among_o other_o free_a custom_n enjoy_v their_o right_n of_o be_v of_o or_o constitute_v the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o so_o much_o be_v certain_a that_o if_o these_o or_o any_o beside_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la come_v before_o this_o charter_n and_o be_v at_o the_o make_n of_o it_o their_o right_n be_v preserve_v to_o they_o by_o it_o and_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o charter_n of_o hen._n 3._o cap._n 9_o civitas_n lond._n 9_o habeat_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertates_fw-la antiquas_fw-la 20._o &_o consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la preterea_fw-la volumus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la aliae_fw-la civitates_fw-la burgi_n villae_fw-la &_o barones_n the_o quinque_fw-la portibus_fw-la &_o emne_v alii_fw-la portus_fw-la habeant_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la and_o for_o a_o evidence_n of_o what_o be_v their_o custom_n and_o right_n as_o to_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n both_o these_o charter_n be_v make_v to_o and_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o all_o the_o clergy_n count_n baron_n and_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n king_n john_n as_o mr._n selden_n tell_v we_o he_o conceive_v be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o barones_n &_o liberos_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la 587._o as_o other_o particular_n be_v of_o the_o same_o time_n but_o the_o record_n which_o he_o cite_v in_o the_o margin_n put_v it_o out_o of_o all_o doubt_n that_o the_o charter_n be_v make_v by_o they_o all_o haec_fw-la est_fw-la conventio_fw-la inter_fw-la dominum_fw-la johannem_fw-la 21._o regem_fw-la angliae_fw-la ex_fw-la unâ_fw-la parte_fw-la &_o robertum_fw-la filium_fw-la walteri_fw-la marescallum_n dei_fw-la &_o sanctae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la angliae_fw-la dorso_fw-la &_o ric._n com._n de_fw-fr clare_n etc._n etc._n &_o alios_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n &_o liberos_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la ex_fw-la alterâ_fw-la parte_fw-la and_o in_o another_o record_n it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v inter_fw-la nos_fw-la &_o barones_n &_o liberos_fw-la homines_fw-la dominii_fw-la nostri_fw-la so_o that_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v present_a and_o who_o be_v at_o the_o make_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o hen._n 3._o which_o have_v be_v so_o many_o time_n confirm_v it_o acquaint_v we_o at_o the_o end_n pro_fw-la hac_fw-la autem_fw-la donatione_fw-la &_o concessione_n libertatum_fw-la 38._o &_o aliarum_fw-la libertatum_fw-la in_o cartâ_fw-la de_fw-la libertatibus_fw-la forestae_fw-la arch._n ep._n ab._n pr._n comites_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la dederunt_fw-la nobis_fw-la quinto-decimam_a partem_fw-la omnium_fw-la mobilum_fw-la suorum_fw-la the_o charter_n here_o mention_v of_o the_o forest_n have_v be_v grant_v in_o the_o second_o of_o hen._n 3._o as_o be_v the_o great_a charter_n legèm_fw-la the_o party_n to_o the_o grant_n of_o a_o subsidy_n be_v the_o very_a same_o archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la &_o liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la not_o to_o produce_v here_o the_o proof_n of_o such_o general_a assembly_n from_o the_o conquest_n downward_o to_o the_o 49_o h._n 3._o i_o may_v say_v upon_o what_o i_o have_v already_o show_v that_o this_o interpretation_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n etc._n whereby_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v divide_v from_o the_o rest_n and_o make_v a_o common_a council_n for_o escuage_z only_o agree_v better_a with_o the_o record_n and_o history_n than_o the_o notion_n that_o they_o alone_o compose_v the_o whole_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o can_v never_o be_v prove_v but_o i_o will_v take_v the_o word_n together_o even_o as_o they_o who_o be_v
fond_a of_o the_o conjecture_n of_o their_o be_v the_o full_a representative_a body_n of_o the_o nation_n will_v have_v it_o et_fw-la ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la aliter_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o tribus_fw-la casibus_fw-la praedictis_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr scutagiis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la submoneri_fw-la faciemus_fw-la arch._n ep._n ab._n &_o majores_fw-la barones_n regni_fw-la singillatim_fw-la per_fw-la literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la 〈◊〉_d et_fw-la praeterea_fw-la faciemus_fw-la submoneri_fw-la in_o generali_fw-la per_fw-la vicecomites_fw-la &_o ballivos_fw-la nostros_fw-la omnes_fw-la alios_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la tenent_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la ad_fw-la certum_fw-la diem_fw-la scilicet_fw-la ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la quadragint_fw-la dierum_fw-la ad_fw-la minus_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la certum_fw-la locum_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la litteris_fw-la submonitionis_fw-la causam_fw-la submonitionis_fw-la illius_fw-la exponemus_fw-la &_o sic_fw-la factâ_fw-la submonitione_fw-la negotium_fw-la procedat_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la assignatum_fw-la secundum_fw-la consilium_fw-la eorum_fw-la qui_fw-la praesentes_fw-la fuerint_fw-la quamvis_fw-la non_fw-la omnes_fw-la submoniti_fw-la venerint_fw-la here_o be_v i_o grant_v the_o form_n of_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o purpose_n here_o name_v which_o be_v for_o aid_n and_o escuage_z socage_n the_o aid_n i_o say_v and_o shall_v show_v be_v from_o those_o tenant_n which_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o common_a socage_n such_o as_o hold_v geldable_a or_o talliable_a land_n the_o escuage_z concern_v the_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n service_n but_o both_o concern_v only_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o chief_a which_o appear_v in_o the_o very_o confine_v the_o summons_n to_o the_o majores_fw-la barones_n regni_fw-la and_o other_o which_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la whereas_o 1_o there_o be_v majores_fw-la barones_n who_o hold_v not_o by_o any_o feudal_n tenure_n that_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o attend_v at_o the_o king_n ordinary_a court_n and_o they_o with_o they_o that_o be_v under_o their_o jurisdiction_n have_v their_o common_a council_n apart_o though_o all_o may_v meet_v at_o general_a council_n so_o that_o what_o be_v a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o this_o purpose_n be_v not_o so_o indefinite_o to_o all_o 2._o there_o be_v other_o who_o be_v oblige_v or_o have_v right_a to_o be_v of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n though_o not_o upon_o the_o account_v mention_v in_o this_o charter_n 1._o the_o norman_a prince_n to_o the_o encouragement_n of_o those_o great_a man_n that_o adventure_v for_o his_o glory_n make_v some_o of_o they_o as_o little_a king_n and_o give_v they_o the_o regal_a government_n of_o several_a county_n in_o which_o they_o with_o the_o great_a man_n thereof_o and_o the_o liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la freeholder_n make_v law_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o inheritance_n and_o the_o maintain_v the_o peace_n chester_n and_o that_o of_o chester_n in_o particular_a be_v give_v to_o hugh_n lupus_fw-la tenendum_fw-la sibi_fw-la &_o haered_n ita_fw-la verè_fw-la ad_fw-la gladium_fw-la 247._o sicut_fw-la ipse_fw-la rex_fw-la tenebat_fw-la angliam_fw-la ad_fw-la coronam_fw-la so_o that_o he_o want_v nothing_o but_o a_o crown_n to_o make_v he_o king_n in_o a_o charter_n of_o count_n hugh_n cheshire_n of_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o st._n werburg_n he_o say_v ego_fw-la comes_fw-la hugo_n &_o mei_fw-la barones_n confirmavimus_fw-la and_o one_o of_o his_o successor_n grant_v to_o his_o baron_n quod_fw-la unusquisque_fw-la eorum_fw-la curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la habeat_fw-la liberam_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la placitis_fw-la ad_fw-la gladium_fw-la meum_fw-la pertinentibus_fw-la and_o at_o the_o coronation_n of_o h._n 3._o lond._n which_o be_v after_o this_o charter_n earl_n john_n another_o of_o william_n successor_n carry_v st._n edward_n sword_n before_o the_o king_n as_o matthew_n paris_z tell_v we_o for_o a_o sign_n that_o he_o have_v of_o right_a a_o very_a extraordinary_a power_n comite_fw-la cestriae_fw-la gladium_fw-la sancti_fw-la edwardi_fw-la qui_fw-la curtain_n dicitur_fw-la ante_fw-la regem_fw-la bajulante_fw-la in_fw-la signum_fw-la quod_fw-la comes_fw-la est_fw-la palatinus_n &_o regem_fw-la si_fw-la oberret_fw-la habeat_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la potestatem_fw-la cohibendi_fw-la etc._n etc._n though_o this_o be_v the_o chief_a count_n palatine_n yet_o other_o have_v their_o separate_a council_n where_o they_o make_v law_n william_n fitz-osborn_n be_v make_v earl_n of_o hereford_n under_o william_n the_o first_o of_o who_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n say_v manet_n in_o hunc_fw-la diem_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la ejus_fw-la apud_fw-la herefordum_fw-la legunm_fw-la quas_fw-la statuit_fw-la inconcussa_fw-la firmitas_fw-la 233._o ut_fw-la nullâ—s_fw-la miles_n pro_fw-la qualicunque_fw-la commisso_fw-la plus_fw-la septem_fw-la solidis_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o aliis_fw-la provinciis_fw-la ob_fw-la parvam_fw-la occasi_fw-la inculam_fw-la in_o transgressione_n praecepti_fw-la herilis_fw-la viginti_fw-la vel_fw-la viginti_fw-la quinque_fw-la pendantur_fw-la of_o the_o same_o nature_n be_v example_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o old_a earl_n of_o cornwall_n ib._n and_o the_o like_a to_o return_v to_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n cheshire_n its_o count_n be_v not_o tent._n in_o capite_fw-la with_o the_o restriction_n above_o take_v viz._n subject_a to_o the_o feudal_n law_n and_o oblige_v to_o attend_v once_o at_o the_o court_n as_o other_o tenant_n and_o yet_o at_o the_o general_a council_n he_o be_v present_a therefore_o this_o council_n mention_v in_o king_n john_n charter_n where_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la oblige_v to_o the_o ordinary_a incident_n of_o such_o tenure_n be_v be_v no_o general_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o our_o modern_a author_n will_v have_v though_o it_o be_v for_o the_o matter_n of_o ordinary_a tenure_n all_o that_o be_v concern_v be_v at_o it_o p._n in_o the_o year_n 1232._o king_n hen._n 3._o hold_v his_o curia_n or_o court_n at_o winchester_n at_o christmas_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o court_n day_n or_o rather_o time_n of_o meeting_n for_o it_o often_o hold_v several_a day_n johannis_n and_o therefore_o when_o that_o at_o tewksbury_n in_o king_n john_n reign_n hold_v but_o a_o day_n it_o be_v special_o take_v notice_n of_o 359._o soon_o after_o king_n henry_n christmas_n court_v dor_n he_o summon_v all_o the_o magnate_v of_o england_n ad_fw-la colloquium_fw-la when_o they_o meet_v because_o he_o be_v great_o in_o debt_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o war_n he_o demand_v auxilium_fw-la ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la generaliter_fw-la quo_fw-la audito_fw-la comes_fw-la cestriae_fw-la ranulphus_fw-la pro_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regni_fw-la loquens_fw-la respondit_fw-la 3._o quod_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n ac_fw-la milites_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la tenebant_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la cum_fw-la ipso_fw-la erant_fw-la corporaliter_fw-la praesentes_fw-la council_n &_o pecuniam_fw-la svam_fw-la ita_fw-la inaniter_fw-la effuderunt_fw-la quod_fw-la inde_fw-la pauperes_fw-la omnes_fw-la recesserunt_fw-la unde_fw-la regi_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la auxilium_fw-la non_fw-la debebant_fw-la et_fw-la sic_fw-la petitâ_fw-la licentiâ_fw-la omnes_fw-la recesserunt_fw-la here_o be_v the_o earl_n of_o chester_n this_o be_v a_o summons_n to_o a_o general_n assembly_n but_o when_o the_o king_n ask_v money_n for_o his_o expense_n in_o the_o war_n he_o tell_v he_o in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o laity_n that_o those_o which_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o capite_fw-la which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v he_o be_v none_o of_o they_o serve_v he_o in_o their_o person_n and_o at_o their_o own_o charge_n therefore_o they_o beg_v leave_n to_o be_v go_v march_n if_o the_o king_n have_v no_o other_o business_n with_o they_o for_o no_o aid_n be_v due_a so_o that_o it_o seem_v they_o look_v upon_o auxilium_fw-la to_o be_v something_o in_o lieu_n of_o the_o service_n which_o the_o king_n tenant_n be_v to_o perform_v that_o this_o concern_v the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o k_o it_o be_v service_n and_o no_o other_o except_o the_o inferior_a talliable_a tenant_n &_o they_o that_o be_v then_o assemble_v be_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o umpire_n between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o tenant_n and_o to_o tell_v he_o that_o he_o have_v no_o pretence_n for_o aid_n from_o they_o for_o they_o have_v perform_v their_o service_n due_a if_o only_a tenant_n in_o chief_a by_o knight_n service_n be_v here_o intend_v by_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la they_o only_o most_o common_o attend_v the_o king_n in_o person_n though_o sometime_o all_o tenant_n whatever_o be_v require_v to_o attend_v and_o so_o in_o king_n john_n charter_n the_o summons_n be_v take_v to_o be_v only_o of_o such_o tenant_n in_o chief_a than_o the_o aid_n there_o be_v mean_v only_o of_o such_o as_o come_v from_o they_o but_o that_o take_v not_o in_o all_o that_o be_v within_o the_o meaning_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n it_o add_v simili_fw-la modo_fw-la fiat_fw-la de_fw-la civit._fw-la lond._n which_o pay_v a_o socage_n aid_v as_o i_o shall_v show_v but_o for_o chester_n even_o at_o those_o time_n when_o aid_n be_v grant_v by_o
the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o so_o become_v incorporate_v into_o and_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n 3._o and_o that_o they_o run_v in_o the_o term_n of_o judicia_fw-la agitare_fw-la which_o in_o the_o common_a intendment_n be_v of_o ordinary_a justice_n and_o the_o constitution_n of_o clarendon_n particular_o refer_v to_o the_o ordinary_a court_n of_o justice_n except_o it_o can_v be_v show_v that_o clergyman_n vote_v in_o the_o ordinary_a curia_n the_o court_n of_o tenant_n and_o officer_n whilst_o that_o court_n continue_v there_o be_v not_o one_o precedent_n against_o this_o sense_n of_o the_o law_n if_o it_o be_v say_v they_o have_v voted_n in_o bill_n of_o attainder_n which_o in_o effect_n be_v judicia_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la still_o these_o be_v not_o within_o the_o ordinary_a justice_n however_o if_o they_o be_v judicia_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la in_o a_o strict_a sense_n let_v they_o who_o be_v concern_v answer_v the_o evade_n the_o sense_n of_o the_o law_n i_o shall_v give_v one_o plain_a instance_n of_o a_o great_a council_n 1176._o and_o another_o of_o a_o ordinary_a court_n in_o this_o king_n reign_n cott._n and_o hasten_v to_o the_o next_o circa_n festum_fw-la sancti_fw-la pauli_n venit_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la usque_fw-la northampton_n &_o magnum_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la concilium_fw-la de_fw-la statutis_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la terrae_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la eye_v per_fw-la concilium_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la hanc_fw-la subscriptam_fw-la assisam_fw-la fecit_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o be_v more_o than_o a_o ordinary_a curia_n and_o there_o be_v the_o barones_n terrae_fw-la the_o milites_fw-la and_o homines_fw-la svi_fw-la be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v for_o his_o feudal_a tenant_n but_o his_o liege_n people_n for_o his_o ordinary_a curia_n we_o find_v a_o clear_a precedent_n in_o the_o glossary_a of_o that_o great_a antiquary_n sir_n henry_n spelman_n who_o if_o he_o have_v live_v to_o finish_v the_o second_o part_n will_v certain_o have_v give_v a_o complete_a body_n of_o antiquity_n we_o find_v in_o he_o the_o form_n of_o a_o fine_a levy_v in_o the_o ordinary_a curia_n haec_fw-la est_fw-la finalis_fw-la conventio_fw-la facta_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la apud_fw-la clarendum_fw-la anno_fw-la 33._o finis_fw-la regni_fw-la regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la secundi_fw-la coram_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la &_o joh._n filio_fw-la ejus_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o aliis_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la qui_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibi_fw-la praesentes_fw-la erant_fw-la etc._n etc._n richard_n the_o first_o be_v spirit_v to_o jerusalem_n and_o therefore_o we_o must_v not_o expect_v many_o instance_n from_o he_o of_o the_o one_o sort_n or_o tother_o 1._o but_o i_o be_o sure_a the_o ecclesiastical_a council_n at_o pipewell_n in_o northamptonshire_n 1189._o can_v not_o be_v the_o curia_n de_fw-fr more_fw-it 1161._o sir_n hen._n spelman_n call_v it_o concilium_fw-la pambritanicum_fw-la and_o bromton_n tell_v we_o in_o general_a who_o be_v at_o it_o 119._o among_o other_o there_o be_v all_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o it_o be_v very_o manifest_a that_o they_o be_v not_o all_o tenant_n in_o chief_a many_o hold_v in_o purâ_fw-la &_o perpetuâ_fw-la eleemosynâ_fw-la and_o other_o of_o temporal_a lord_n religiosorum_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o carlisle_n 34_o ed._n 1._o and_o therefore_o this_o be_v not_o a_o court_n of_o the_o king_n tenant_n and_o officer_n only_o but_o then_o in_o november_n follow_v he_o assemble_v a_o full_a parliament_n at_o london_n rex_fw-la congregatis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la 1166._o comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la habuit_fw-la &_o tractatum_fw-la this_o be_v manifest_o more_o than_o the_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la a_o great_a court_n be_v hold_v the_o next_o year_n at_o bury_n in_o normandy_n 1170._o ricardus_n rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la festum_fw-la nativitatis_fw-la domini_fw-la quod_fw-la secunda_fw-la feria_fw-la illo_fw-la anno_fw-la evenit_fw-la in_o normanniâ_fw-la apud_fw-la burium_fw-la cum_fw-la primatibus_fw-la terrae_fw-la illius_fw-la celebravit_fw-la day_n it_o seem_v he_o have_v hold_v another_o court_n in_o england_n for_o this_o be_v the_o second_o court_n but_o the_o great_a council_n at_o london_n be_v not_o of_o either_o of_o the_o feast_n day_n john_n but_o let_v we_o see_v whether_o this_o distinction_n be_v observable_a in_o the_o reign_n of_o that_o prince_n upon_o who_o charter_n our_o dispute_n be_v he_o be_v crown_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o a_o large_a representative_a than_o the_o interpreter_n of_o his_o charter_n have_v put_v upon_o we_o jo._n a_o populo_fw-la terrae_fw-la susceptus_fw-la est_fw-la 2414._o king_n john_n in_o one_o of_o his_o charter_n say_v 189._o he_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n jure_fw-la hereditario_fw-la &_o mediante_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_fw-la unanimi_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o favore_fw-la congregatis_fw-la arch._n ep._n comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la atque_fw-la aliis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la this_o explain_v who_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la joh._n which_o assemble_v at_o london_n in_o the_o second_o of_o his_o reign_n which_o the_o historian_n not_o have_v mention_v any_o feast_n day_n or_o say_v bare_o that_o the_o king_n hold_v his_o court_n be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o the_o great_a council_n but_o the_o record_n give_v further_a light_n 5._o they_o show_v we_o that_o there_o the_o queen_n be_v crown_v de_fw-la communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la &_o concordi_fw-la voluntate_fw-la arch._n episcoporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la baronum_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nor_o be_v it_o a_o wonder_n that_o the_o queen_n be_v a_o foreigner_n have_v such_o a_o formal_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n to_o confirm_v her_o queen_n for_o there_o have_v be_v at_o least_o the_o pretence_n of_o a_o law_n against_o any_o king_n of_o england_n marry_v a_o foreigner_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n and_o therefore_o harold_n plead_v against_o william_n the_o first_o when_o he_o urge_v his_o oath_n for_o place_v the_o crown_n upon_o william_n head_n and_o marry_v william_n daughter_n that_o he_o can_v not_o do_v either_o inconsultis_fw-la principibus_fw-la or_o absque_fw-la generali_fw-la senatus_n &_o populi_fw-la conventu_fw-la &_o edicto_fw-la 56._o as_o another_o author_n explain_v the_o council_n 59_o the_o consent_n of_o which_o harold_n plead_v to_o be_v necessary_a from_o london_n king_n john_n issue_v out_o his_o summons_n to_o william_n king_n of_o scot_n to_o attend_v he_o at_o lincoln_n which_o summon_v he_o be_v oblige_v to_o obey_v as_o one_o of_o his_o tenant_n in_o chief_a but_o thither_o come_v more_o than_o tenant_n in_o chief_a nor_o be_v it_o the_o place_n or_o time_n for_o the_o curia_fw-la de_fw-fr more_fw-it and_o therefore_o the_o curia_n and_o general_a council_n be_v unite_v the_o king_n of_o scot_n come_v as_o attendant_n upon_o the_o curia_n convenerunt_fw-la interea_fw-la ad_fw-la colloquium_fw-la apud_fw-la lincolniam_fw-la 196._o rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la johannes_n &_o rex_fw-la scotorum_fw-la willielmus_fw-la cum_fw-la universà _fw-la nobilitate_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_fw-la utriusque_fw-la regni_fw-la vndecimo_fw-la kalendas_fw-la decembris_fw-la as_o under_o the_o nobility_n the_o senator_n of_o scotland_n be_v comprehend_v all_o the_o freeholders_n at_o that_o time_n beyond_o dispute_n it_o be_v probable_a at_o least_o that_o our_o nobility_n be_v of_o the_o same_o extent_n and_o for_o the_o probability_n of_o the_o assemble_v of_o so_o great_a a_o body_n as_o the_o proprietor_n of_o both_o kingdom_n must_v have_v make_v even_o then_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o meeting_n be_v without_o the_o wall_n for_o the_o city_n be_v not_o able_a to_o hold_v they_o the_o king_n of_o scot_n do_v homage_n upon_o a_o mountain_n in_o conspectu_fw-la omnis_fw-la populi_fw-la before_o all_o the_o people_n the_o unite_a body_n of_o freeholders_n of_o both_o kingdom_n in_o the_o three_o of_o his_o reign_n this_o king_n hold_v his_o curia_n on_o christmas_n at_o guildford_n 1201._o and_o this_o be_v no_o more_o than_o his_o military_a council_n 198._o multa_fw-la militibus_fw-la suis_fw-la festiva_fw-la distribuit_fw-la indumenta_fw-la that_o be_v in_o festival_n bounty_n he_o give_v many_o coat_n to_o his_o soldier_n and_o that_o this_o be_v no_o more_o be_v very_o evident_a in_o that_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o show_v himself_o a_o prince_n in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a empire_n set_v up_o the_o like_a court_n of_o his_o tenant_n and_o dependent_n hubertus_n verò_fw-la cantuariensis_n arch._n 〈…〉_z quasi_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la à _fw-la pari_fw-la contendens_fw-la eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la fecit_fw-la apud_fw-la cantuariam_n at_o easter_n the_o king_n hold_v his_o court_n at_o canterbury_n where_o the_o archbishop_n by_o sumptuous_a entertainment_n of_o the_o king_n hope_v to_o atone_v for_o his_o former_a vain-glory._n on_o ascension-day_n the_o king_n issue_v out_o his_o summons_n from_o theokesbery_n for_o the_o hold_v his_o ordinary_a court_n at_o whitsuntide_n follow_v at_o
county_n that_o be_v they_o which_o be_v part_n of_o the_o county_n court_n be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n milites_fw-la in_o another_o record_n the_o milites_fw-la et_fw-la probi_fw-la homines_fw-la 3._o that_o be_v honest_a freeholder_n be_v use_v as_o the_o same_o in_o pleno_fw-la com._n tuo_fw-la dicas_fw-la militibus_fw-la probis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la ballivae_fw-la tuus_fw-la etc._n etc._n 147._o the_o milites_fw-la or_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v under_o the_o sheriff_n an_z officer_z of_o their_o own_o choice_n as_o be_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o king_n time_n to_o be_v sure_a and_o long_o after_o the_o office_n of_o the_o heretochius_fw-la who_o have_v be_v the_o ductor_n militiae_fw-la have_v be_v discontinue_v no_o body_n know_v how_o long_o and_o it_o be_v speak_v of_o only_a as_o a_o office_n that_o have_v be_v but_o the_o sheriff_n be_v of_o the_o freeholders_n choice_n not_o the_o king_n have_v no_o certain_a salary_n 74._o nor_o fee_n upon_o any_o account_n take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n but_o depend_v upon_o what_o the_o king_n shall_v give_v out_o of_o the_o two_o three_o of_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o county_n the_o tertium_fw-la denarium_fw-la the_o three_o part_n the_o earl_n oâ—_n count_n have_v who_o will_v imagine_v that_o the_o sheriff_n as_o sheriff_n have_v any_o feud_n raise_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o king_n that_o be_v be_v to_o attend_v at_o his_o court_n or_o in_o his_o war_n with_o their_o feudall_a knight_n the_o posse_fw-la commitatus_fw-la which_o be_v assist_v to_o they_o be_v of_o quite_o another_o nature_n indeed_o i_o find_v one_o fulcherus_n 〈…〉_z homo_fw-la vicecomitis_fw-la that_o be_v tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n to_o which_o homage_n be_v incident_a and_o in_o that_o sense_n miles_n vicecomitis_fw-la in_o another_o part_n tenet_n rogerus_fw-la de_fw-fr picoto_n vicecomite_n de_fw-fr foedo_fw-la regis_fw-la hanc_fw-la terram_fw-la tenuit_fw-la gold_n sub_fw-la abbate_n eli_n potuit_fw-la dare_v absque_fw-la ejus_fw-la licentiâ_fw-la sine_fw-la sacâ_fw-la this_o have_v be_v freehold_n within_o the_o abbot_n precinct_n alienable_a without_o licence_n subject_n to_o no_o suit_n of_o court_n and_o be_v grant_v to_o picot_n then_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n to_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n feud_n that_o be_v by_o knight_n service_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o hold_v this_o as_o vicecome_fw-la but_o as_o baro_n so_o it_o be_v if_o any_o man_n have_v the_o county_n in_o fee_n but_o the_o king_n summon_v the_o barones_n &_o vicecomite_n that_o be_v the_o vicecomite_n without_o consideration_n of_o their_o capacity_n as_o baron_n and_o their_o knight_n it_o be_v long_o after_o this_o that_o the_o word_n vicecome_fw-la be_v any_o thing_n more_o than_o tbe_n name_n of_o the_o office_n here_o speak_v of_o 256._o a_o honorary_a viscount_n be_v not_o then_o know_v such_o indeed_o may_v at_o their_o creation_n have_v have_v feud_n raise_v upon_o the_o land_n grant_v along_o with_o their_o honour_n there_o be_v this_o far_a proof_n that_o this_o be_v more_o than_o a_o council_n of_o the_o king_n tenant_n and_o officer_n or_o ordinary_a court_n in_o that_o the_o summons_n be_v immediate_o after_o the_o curia_n and_o that_o to_o a_o place_n sufficient_o capacious_a salisbury_n plain_a et_fw-la in_o hebdomada_fw-la pentecostes_fw-la suum_fw-la filium_fw-la henricum_fw-la apud_fw-la west_n ubi_fw-la curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la tenuit_fw-la armis_fw-la militaribus_fw-la honoravit_fw-la here_o be_v the_o proper_a work_n of_o the_o curia_n 213._o the_o king_n give_v arm_n in_o his_o court_n to_o the_o great_a man_n and_o immediate_a tenant_n the_o common_a freeholder_n receive_v they_o in_o the_o county_n court_n either_o at_o come_v to_o age_n or_o upon_o become_v free_a by_o manumission_n which_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o a_o man_n will_v desire_v unless_o he_o have_v a_o freehold_n to_o live_v upon_o or_o that_o thereby_o those_o land_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o villeinage_n become_v free_a but_o though_o one_o be_v bear_v free_a yet_o i_o take_v it_o he_o be_v to_o receive_v a_o formal_a military_a honour_n have_v arm_n deliver_v to_o he_o when_o he_o come_v to_o age_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 1._o 373._o it_o be_v use_v as_o a_o sign_n that_o one_o be_v not_o of_o age_n when_o he_o seal_v a_o deed_n and_o consequent_o it_o be_v not_o effectual_a because_o militari_fw-la baltheo_fw-la nondum_fw-la cinctus_fw-la erat_fw-la 2._o we_o find_v that_o when_o a_o freeman_n die_v his_o heir_n under_o age_n some_o body_n be_v to_o have_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o arms._n siquis_fw-la arma_fw-la haec_fw-la habens_fw-la obierit_fw-la remaneat_fw-la haeredi_fw-la svo_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la haeres_fw-la de_fw-fr tali_fw-la statu_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la quod_fw-la armis_fw-la uti_fw-la possit_fw-la si_fw-la opus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la ille_fw-la qui_fw-la eum_fw-la habuerit_fw-la in_o custodia_fw-la habeat_fw-la similiter_fw-la custodiam_fw-la armorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o when_o he_o come_v of_o age_n tunc_fw-la ea_fw-la habeat_fw-la this_o be_v in_o hen._n 2._o time_n and_o then_o the_o public_a delivery_n of_o arm_n to_o all_o freeman_n may_v have_v be_v disuse_v 306._o but_o ancient_o as_o mr._n selden_n observe_v the_o take_a arm_n by_o young_a man_n from_o public_a authority_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o knighthood_n but_o soon_o after_o will._n the_o first_o have_v at_o his_o court_n knight_v his_o son_n henry_n he_o call_v this_o great_a assembly_n of_o barones_n &_o vicecomites_fw-la cum_fw-la suis_fw-la militibus_fw-la dunelm_n his_o curia_n be_v hold_v at_o whitsuntide_n nec_fw-la multo_fw-la post_fw-la mandavit_fw-la ut_fw-la arch._n ep_n abb._n com._n bar._n vicecomites_fw-la cum_fw-la suis_fw-la militibus_fw-la die_v kal._n aug._n sibi_fw-la occurrerent_fw-la saresberiae_fw-la quocum_fw-la venissent_fw-la milites_fw-la illorum_fw-la sibi_fw-la fidelitatem_fw-la contra_fw-la omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la jur_fw-la be_v coegit_fw-la here_o i_o take_v it_o milites_fw-la illorum_fw-la refer_v to_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o sheriff_n 146._o that_o be_v the_o freeholder_n this_o be_v adunatio_fw-la conciliorum_fw-la a_o join_v together_o of_o the_o several_a council_n of_o the_o county_n regni_fw-la where_o the_o swear_a allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n be_v one_o of_o their_o principal_a work_n the_o king_n tenant_n have_v do_v it_o of_o course_n in_o the_o curia_fw-la but_o methinks_v it_o be_v a_o strange_a thing_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v use_v for_o a_o argument_n that_o this_o be_v not_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n because_o they_o be_v evocatiâ—_n ad_fw-la fidei_fw-la vinculum_fw-la for_o satisfaction_n i_o will_v offer_v a_o record_n of_o the_o same_o work_n do_v in_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n 3_o term_n celebrato_fw-la nuper_fw-la concilio_n apud_fw-la bristol_n ubi_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la universi_fw-la ang._n praelati_fw-la tam_fw-la ep._n ab._n quam_fw-la primores_fw-la et_fw-la multi_fw-la tam_fw-la comites_fw-la quam_fw-la barones_n qui_fw-la etiam_fw-la univerfaliten_v fidelitatem_fw-la nobis_fw-la publicè_fw-la facientes_fw-la concessis_fw-la eye_n libertatibus_fw-la &_o liberis_fw-la consuetudinibus_fw-la ab_fw-la eye_n prius_fw-la postulatis_fw-la &_o ipsis_fw-la approbatis_fw-la dorso_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o the_o king_n yield_v they_o those_o liberty_n and_o free-custom_n which_o they_o desire_v and_o they_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o here_o be_v the_o fidei_fw-la vinculum_fw-la but_o perhaps_o they_o will_v say_v that_o this_o of_o w._n the_o first_o be_v no_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n because_o it_o appear_v not_o that_o any_o law_n pass_v or_o that_o they_o be_v summon_v to_o that_o end_n for_o the_o first_o i_o think_v no_o man_n will_v say_v that_o the_o assembly_n be_v less_o parliamentary_a because_o nothing_o be_v agree_v upon_o in_o it_o indeed_o we_o find_v that_o where_o a_o parliament_n be_v dissolve_v without_o any_o act_n pass_v rep._n it_o be_v say_v by_o judge_n cook_n not_o to_o be_v a_o parliament_n but_o the_o inception_n of_o a_o parliament_n that_o be_v no_o session_n but_o whoever_o will_v consult_v the_o summons_n to_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o ed._n 1._o &_o 2._o may_v satisfy_v himself_o that_o there_o be_v many_o parliament_n call_v dor_n at_o which_o there_o be_v no_o law_n pass_v dor_n but_o mere_o advice_n give_v and_o yet_o at_o the_o end_n thereof_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n have_v their_o writ_n of_o expense_n wherein_o the_o king_n declare_v that_o they_o have_v be_v call_v to_o parliament_n nobiscum_fw-la de_fw-la diversis_fw-la negotiis_fw-la nos_fw-la &_o populum_fw-la regni_fw-la specialiter_fw-la tangentibus_fw-la tractatur_fw-la for_o the_o last_o it_o be_v no_o matter_n whether_o the_o cause_n of_o summons_n be_v express_v it_o be_v enough_o if_o it_o be_v de_fw-fr quibusdam_fw-la arduis_fw-la or_o however_o else_o be_v the_o use_n of_o that_o time_n beside_o it_o be_v certain_a many_o law_n have_v pass_v in_o public_a council_n ancient_o of_o which_o we_o have_v no_o intimation_n from_o those_o historian_n which_o mention_v such_o council_n wherever_o i_o find_v
and_o confirmation_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o free_a custom_n as_o prince_n either_o to_o obtain_v or_o assure_v the_o crown_n to_o they_o swear_v solemn_o inviolable_o to_o observe_v and_o keep_v if_o sometime_o the_o mark_n of_o distinction_n between_o the_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o the_o great_a council_n be_v not_o clear_o apparent_a in_o that_o the_o curia_n only_o may_v be_v summon_v ad_fw-la colloquium_fw-la and_o in_o that_o sense_n may_v be_v style_v parliamentum_fw-la 14._o though_o not_o generale_fw-mi parliamentum_fw-la coronationem_fw-la and_o the_o generale_fw-mi parliamentum_fw-la may_v be_v as_o indeed_o it_o always_o be_v curia_fw-la regis_fw-la though_o not_o the_o curia_fw-la de_fw-fr more_fw-it yet_o the_o certain_a difference_n be_v upon_o particular_a instance_n where_o the_o full_a circumstance_n be_v set_v down_o always_o to_o be_v know_v as_o the_o ordinary_a curia_n consist_v of_o the_o king_n tenant_n and_o officer_n and_o there_o appear_v no_o grievance_n worth_a public_a notice_n to_o have_v lie_v on_o the_o last_o nor_o on_o the_o first_o as_o to_o their_o attendance_n at_o the_o war_n or_o as_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n the_o remedy_n be_v proper_o apply_v by_o king_n john_n charter_n to_o that_o wherein_o they_o be_v uneasy_a which_o be_v the_o assemble_v about_o the_o matter_n relate_v ad_fw-la servitia_fw-la to_o their_o service_n without_o convenient_a notice_n for_o time_n or_o for_o the_o occasion_n so_o that_o they_o may_v think_v it_o be_v only_o for_o matter_n of_o ordinary_a justice_n which_o may_v go_v on_o well_o enough_o without_o they_o when_o it_o be_v real_o to_o charge_v they_o in_o their_o property_n by_o such_o as_o shall_v appear_v by_o design_n and_o contrivance_n which_o be_v a_o great_a mischief_n wherefore_o for_o this_o the_o redress_n be_v 1._o that_o they_o shall_v have_v forty_o day_n notice_n johannis_n 2._o that_o the_o time_n place_n and_o occasion_n of_o meeting_n shall_v be_v ascertain_v and_o then_o they_o that_o be_v there_o be_v just_o conclude_v by_o the_o rest_n and_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o complain_v of_o the_o charge_n thus_o i_o conceive_v i_o have_v give_v a_o rational_a account_n of_o this_o charter_n and_o i_o question_v whether_o upon_o other_o ground_n any_o man_n can_v reconcile_v it_o with_o the_o record_n and_o history_n both_o before_o and_o since_o the_o charter_n till_o the_o 49_o of_o hen._n 3._o when_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o more_o than_o tenant_n in_o chief_a which_o compose_v the_o common_a council_n here_o mention_v be_v let_v into_o the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n if_o they_o can_v i_o conceive_v they_o must_v take_v my_o sense_n for_o this_o charter_n be_v either_o declarative_n of_o the_o law_n as_o it_o be_v before_o or_o introductive_a of_o a_o new_a law_n if_o the_o first_o than_o it_o must_v be_v interpret_v by_o the_o record_n and_o history_n both_o before_o and_o since_o till_o a_o time_n of_o change_n 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confirm_v free_a custom_n of_o every_o particular_a the_o place_n or_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o place_n according_a to_o this_o charter_n the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n by_o law_n consist_v of_o more_o than_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o chief_a and_o that_o the_o law_n be_v thus_o there_o be_v a_o very_a strong_a proof_n which_o turn_v upon_o they_o who_o suppose_v that_o king_n john_n charter_n give_v we_o the_o full_a form_n of_o the_o great_a council_n and_o that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la make_v the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o kingdom_n till_o 49_o h._n 3._o in_o the_o thirty_o nine_o year_n of_o h._n 3._o several_a year_n after_o he_o have_v grant_v and_o confirm_v that_o famous_a charter_n 3._o which_o alone_o obtain_v the_o addition_n of_o great_a so_o that_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la or_o grand_fw-fr charter_n of_o william_n the_o first_o hen._n the_o first_o king_n stephen_n hen._n the_o second_o and_o king_n john_n all_o lose_v their_o name_n and_o be_v swallow_v up_o in_o that_o 884._o the_o baronagium_n or_o omnes_fw-la fere_n angliae_fw-la magnate_v refuse_v to_o give_v a_o royal_a aid_n demand_v of_o they_o the_o ground_n of_o their_o refusal_n be_v very_o remarkable_a quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la tunc_fw-la temporis_fw-la non_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la juxta_fw-la tenorem_fw-la magnae_fw-la cartae_fw-la suae_fw-la vocati_fw-la this_o some_o will_v render_v and_o call_v king_n john_n charter_n and_o that_o the_o complaint_n be_v that_o the_o peer_n have_v not_o their_o particular_a summons_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o that_o charter_n be_v it_o so_o it_o will_v prove_v nothing_o for_o they_o that_o urge_v it_o because_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v but_o that_o the_o aid_n demand_v may_v have_v be_v escuage_z or_o taillage_n or_o both_o which_o lie_v upon_o the_o king_n tenant_n only_o such_o a_o common_a council_n as_o that_o charter_n i_o conceive_v establish_v but_o it_o be_v cartae_fw-la suae_fw-la not_o cartae_fw-la regis_fw-la johannis_n patris_fw-la regis_fw-la nunc_fw-la it_o be_v the_o then_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o charter_n no_o man_n will_v say_v that_o it_o be_v the_o baron_n charter_n and_o beside_o it_o be_v the_o great_a charter_n and_o no_o other_o charter_n then_o maintain_v that_o epithet_n but_o what_o put_v this_o out_o of_o dispute_n be_v that_o though_o h._n 3.'s_n charter_n be_v comprehensive_a of_o all_o the_o fundamental_o of_o the_o government_n and_o be_v so_o many_o time_n confirm_v and_o explain_v where_o it_o be_v think_v needful_a yet_o there_o be_v not_o one_o clause_n refer_v to_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n but_o what_o leave_v to_o every_o particular_a place_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o all_o ancient_a custom_n and_o liberty_n so_o that_o unless_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o such_o a_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o be_v in_o king_n john_n charter_n use_v to_o compose_v the_o great_a council_n exclusive_a of_o all_o other_o except_v what_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o general_a salvo_n at_o the_o end_n they_o must_v needs_o have_v refer_v themselves_o to_o the_o nine_o chapter_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o charter_n which_o indeed_o be_v but_o a_o revival_n of_o the_o law_n affirm_v in_o king_n john_n whereby_o the_o city_n of_o london_n 9_o all_o city_n burrough_n vills_n township_n or_o parish_n the_o baron_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n and_o all_o other_o port_n be_v to_o enjoy_v all_o their_o liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n that_o by_o villae_fw-la be_v mean_v parish_n or_o township_n i_o think_v may_v appear_v from_o doomsday_n book_n where_o villa_n be_v take_v for_o the_o next_o division_n under_o a_o hundred_o hic_fw-la subscribitur_fw-la inquisitio_fw-la terrarum_fw-la quo_fw-la modo_fw-la barones_n regis_fw-la inquirunt_fw-la viz._n per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la vicecomitis_fw-la scirae_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la baronum_fw-la &_o eorum_fw-la francigenarum_fw-la &_o totius_fw-la centuriae_fw-la presbyteri_fw-la praepositi_fw-la uj._o villani_n uniuscujusque_fw-la villae_fw-la ely_n hundred_o here_o be_v the_o sheriff_n the_o great_a baron_n and_o clergyman_n and_o headborough_n within_o every_o hundred_o and_o six_o inhabitant_n of_o every_o villa_n parish_n or_o township_n then_o follow_v a_o account_n of_o the_o several_a land_n and_o tenor_n by_o hundred_o and_o villae_fw-la within_o those_o hundred_o now_o according_a to_o the_o nine_o chapter_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la custom_n be_v to_o be_v the_o legal_a interpreter_n what_o be_v the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o as_o the_o whole_a nation_n be_v make_v up_o of_o city_n burrough_n and_o parish_n or_o township_n they_o be_v the_o integral_a part_n of_o every_o county_n all_o the_o county_n of_o england_n be_v to_o be_v summon_v according_a to_o their_o free_a custom_n and_o methinks_v the_o right_a of_o the_o county_n for_o their_o come_n to_o the_o great_a council_n and_o its_o be_v preserve_v under_o the_o