the Men of War that lay in the Road about half a League from thence and so they were immediately embarkt And the Wind blowing then just full East as fair as they could have wish'd they straight weighed Anchor and steered directly to the Royal City of Bantam But It will be proper to give you some account of that place before I go any further and to acquaint you with the causes and motives of this Undertaking First Then you must know that this large Kingdom of Bantam being in it self of great strength hath of late much improved it self by the numbers of Foreigners that are come thither from all Nations and among them considerable numbers too of English Danes Spaniards Portugueses and Dutch which hath made it a very troublesome and dangerous Neighbour to the Dutch East-India Company insomuch that their Ships that came from Europe or any other places thither did not dare to come by the Road of Bantam but were forced to take a vast compass of three or four hundred Miles keeping to the Northward Moreover the King of Bantam had made several Attempts upon Batavia both by Sea and Land Tho' he was always forced to retire with great loss and without doing us any great damage But tho' he could not accomplish his desire and the Company could not fear a total overthrow yet they were still apprehensive that he being so much more powerful than they were would prove very fatal to them in the end and by little and little bring his designs to perfection Thus they were always very uneasie by reason of their troublesome Neighbour But not finding themselves able to declare open War against him they endeavoured to gain him by Presents and a specious shew of Friendship These means did not prove altogether unsuccessful but they were never at good understanding with each other long together For the King of Bantam besides that he was very fickle and unconstant in his Nature having so many Foreigners about him who were no Friends to the Dutch Interest he was easily perswaded by them to break Friendship with the Dutch upon the least occasion And this the English and Danes were the chief Instruments of who made there a considerable Body were rich and enioyed great freedom and a most flourishing Trade so that they with ease set the King upon us in hopes of rooting the Dutch out of their holds The Dutch therefore were always forced to be upon their Guard even while there was the greatest appearance of a settled Friendship for they were sufficiently informed that he was always contriving how he might at once fall foul on them and drive them out of Batavia Upon which they on the other side resolved to countermine his designs and thought it the best Expedient to divert him from that Undertaking by finding him some Employment with some other Neighbours and accordingly made it their business to create an ill understanding betwixt him and the King of Japara hoping that the silent Fire might in time break out into an open Flame This they effected at length but it proved little or no advantage to them for they lay so far asunder that it never came but to a few little Skirmishes which did not damage him much nor profit them So that they fell very short of what they had promised themselves for they were fully perswaded that the Emperour of Japara would have soon been induced to pursue the King of Bantam with the utmost vigour especially when there was so great a motive to spur him on as the rejoyning of that Kingdom to his Empire from which it had been divided The Island of Great Java of which I have already made mention did likewise belong to him once and altogether made but one Empire under the Dominion of the Great Mataran but now it is divided into three Kingdoms to wit Japard Bantam and Jacatra or Kartiri of which i. e. Jacatra the present Batavia is a part and did heretofore belong to the King of Jacatra from whom the Portugueezes took it After that the Spaniards got it from them And lastly the Dutch from the Spaniards Now the Dutch having all this while made several Attempts upon the King of Jacatra which had proved very advantageous to them they at length subdued him Having first made the Emperour of Japara unable to resist them or to stand up in the defence of his Neighbour over whom they carried a total Victory a little before I came to Batavia And having all this while received fresh supplies yearly from Holland which together with Germany enjoyed a profound Peace and therefore could and did constantly furnish them with large Recruits of choice good Soldiers The Duth East-India Company thought they might be able to cope with Bantam and accordingly made preparations against it Now while these things were in agitation and they big with the design and hopes of infallible success the fairest opportunity that could be wish'd for offered it self to them unexpected and therefore so much the more welcome which was a sudden falling out between the old and the two young Kings of Bantam The occasion whereof was this The old King being weary with the Burden of the Government and desirous to spend his remaining days in ease and tranquility made over his Kingdom to his younger Son the eldest having dedicated himself to a spiritual life was a Bangerang Babay something like an Archbishop with us and having thus invested his younger Son with the Regal Power he retired to an Old Castle called Dortjasse the old place of his residence about four Miles from Bantam The young King having Reigned some years his People began to grow weary of him specially the Nobles the Bourgerang and Kirria and they made their Complaints to the old King that he oppressed his Subjects and that he over-burden'd them with his Recreations and his constant Hunting and by his requiring so much Attendance and Service to be done him so that they were no longer able to bear the Yoke He did not Govern as other Heathen Kings use for the most part to do but after the Model he had taken from the European Countries some of which he had been in as Constantinople and would have gone to France England Spain and Portugal if his Law had permitted him and as far as that had given him leave he had Travelled viz. in Muscovy Schiras Ispahan Japan Siam from which several places he had taken those Methods of Government which he thought most convenient to introduce into his own Dominions But his Subjects being dissatisfied with these Innovations conspired at last together and Deposed him and set his Brother the Bangarang Babay in his stead Upon this the Old King came with a considerable Retinue and his Main Guard before the Castle which is in the middle of Bantam The young King having notice of this commanded the Gates to be shut against him and sent to know what he wanted The old King sent him an Answer which
there in great numbers how catch'd Elephants taken after a like manner in Ceylon and Aracan The several Games and Pastimes at the Weddings of the Chief Javians together with some Customs and Ceremonies used on those occasions A description of Pepper and its growth The Author's departure from Bantam to Batavia and thence to Banda THE Javians could hardly bear the Hollanders for a great while and truly their antipathy against us was not altogether without some grounds seeing that we being Forreigners had invaded their Territories and taken possession of all they had and then lorded it over them They being a very silly sort of People had no other way to shew their Spight and Resentment than by making Mouths at the Dutch as they passed by and sometimes Spitting upon them To break them of that ungainly Custom we made a resolution amongst us never to let any pass by that did so whether Old or Young Man or Woman without giving them a good Box on the Ear. This cured them of their incivility so effectually that you 'ld have wonder'd to see how courteously they behaved themselves towards us for all of a sudden there was so great an alteration that there was no passing by 'em but they would greet you very civilly give you good morrow in their Language Dobidis Sinior clapping their Hands together and holding them up to their Forehead and when they were willing to shew themselves more courteous and officious they would add Manna Bigi Sinior that is where are you going Sir which was as much as offering their service and assistance which we frequently made use of Admiral Tack was all this while lodg'd in the Apartment which belonged before to the English where the Young King used to come to visit him almost every day and maintain'd a faithful Friendship with him In a little time things being settled a Proposal was made to the Young King by the Dutch that if he would resign intirely all claim of Power and Jurisdiction over his People custom c. and turn over the whole Government into their Hands they would allow him such a Sum as would enable him to keep up his Grandeur and live like a King a titular one that is and would be obliged to pay him some thousands of Gilders every Month. To this he condescended whether thro' fear or thro' indifference I cannot well say and a certain Pension was likewise settled upon his two Young Princes all which was duly paid according to agreement The rest of the Nobility and Chief of the Land remained in the possession of their Goods and Lands as before only that they were now subject to the Dutch Government Thus the Dutch compassed their whole design by force and policy and by fair means became Masters of that Kingdom which was and had been so long flourishing and famous for its vast Trade and traffick and that in so little time as from 1682 to 1685 that I believe History will hardly afford an instance of a more sudden change of Affairs in so great a Kingdom The Old King all this while having wander'd up and down on the Blawen Peper Bergh whither he had been forced to retire when he was defeated and being there forsaken by most of his People resolved also to come and submit himself to the Dutch Company and accordingly after near two years he came and surrendred himself having first sent some of his Servants to Admiral Tack for his Pardon which was granted him Upon which he appeared in Person and came to Bantam with a very small Retinue there they assigned him a Lodging and set Guard upon him and in a little time after sent him to a small Island where he ended his days Thus all being quiet all Hostilities ceased and all reduced to one Government Bantam flourished again in a more perfect manner than it had ever done and did like a Phoenix spring up out of its own Ashes but more beautiful and strong than it was before Its Borders were now vastly enlarged by reason of the vast number of Foreigners which daily flocked thither and were all indifferently received except the English French and Danes which were not admitted but were sent with their Ships to Batavia where they were permitted to trade and to take Houses and Ware-houses c. The chief Traffick of Bantam consists in Pepper Salt-Peter Salt Ginger Cotten-Cloth plain and wrought with Silver and Gold also Fine Linnen and Flowerd Stuffs which are the common wear of the Inhabitants The Country about it is exceeding pleasant and produces all manner of necessary Provisions There are all manner of tame Fowls Hens c. and their Eggs very cheap All sorts of Fish Great store of Cows and Buffels but the Fat of these last is not much eaten because it tasts so much like Tallow Many Wild Boars there are also but the Tamest of that kind that ever was because that the Javians never hunted them by reason that their Law doth not permit them to eat the Flesh of 'em so that they used to come so close up to our Works that I have shot three or four of 'em in one day and sold them for little or nothing But the worst Cattle thereabouts is the Tygers which are in great numbers near Bantam which the Javians used to be frequently sent out to catch or kill And they did it after this manner Thousands of Javians go together to the place where the Tygers lie and there they spread themselves round the place in about three miles compass and so march gradually to center and meet upon the Tyger keeping still their Nassingayen before them so that if the Tygers come out towards the circumference they make they are so frighted that they run back again and so they keep them running to and fro and retiring till at last they are so closely encompassed that they must of necessity be forced to throw themselves into some of their Traps which are something after the manner of our Wheel-nets but incomparably stronger and bigger for they are of strong Wood made less and less and several Partitions and in each Partition a Trap-door that shuts upon 'em till at last they come into the narrowest of all There they let him alone a good while without Meat then they get a Rope about his Neck and put him into a small Coop upon a Cart drawn by Buffels and these are always brought to the King who keeps always some of 'em in his Palace and looks upon that as a piece of great State And when one of them brings forth a young one it is so much taken notice of that all the Cannon round the Castle are discharged and great Rejoycings and Pastimes are made upon the occasion They do breed very often but tho' one might expect to bring the young ones to be perfectly Tame as indeed some do pretty well come to it yet it is never safe to trust them too far for while I was there two of 'em
for a very small Fault or sometimes a meer Humour We will now give you some Account of their Military Exploits and Discipline They have a General which they call Dissave next to him some Saudis Then the Araski which are as Captains over 20 or 30 men each with an Ensign Their Artillery is only a sort of Muskets which stand upon a frame with three Feet of which the hindmost is broad and shorter than the two foremost Having no Lead they shoot with Iron Bullets These Muskets the Nobility which serve the King carry with 'em in fights They come into the Field 30 40 or 50000 strong all barefoot Their Arms are a heavy Iron Cimiter about a yard long and a light Half Pike Few have Muskets or Fire-Locks or if they have they do little Execution with them tho' they have never so much room to draw up yet they never advance but in single Ranks for fear the Hollanders should take too many of them off at once with their Field-Pieces Their Drummers are very much despised being taken out of a sort of People tho' Cingulaians too that live upon Bufflars Flesh and the Flesh of any kind of Beasts They call them Borrowayen They tie to their Body two little sorts of Drums call'd Tamelins others have but one of 'em but then it is bigger They beat distinct Marches with a great deal of Art and the Soldiers understand them very well They beat morning and night but differently Their Pipers use both a straight and a crooked sort of Pipe and make pretty Musick with them both together Any Dutchmen that are taken by these People are never to be Ransom'd at any Rate but must remain amongst them in great Slavery all the days of their Life and all the ways are so strictly guarded that there is no escaping by any means The Dutch that sometimes desert us and go over to the King of Candi are maintained in Necessaries but are not trusted in any Employment The other sort of Inhabitants of this Island are those of Gala Batacolo Trinconomala Jafnapatnam Manara Aripen Calpintin as far as Negombo and are called Malabars These are all very well shaped and very black They are all under the Government of the Hollanders except those of Wani who have a King of their own But he is obliged to pay to the East-India Company a yearly Tribute of many Elephants and Money besides These Malabars come originally from the Wild Coast of Malabar lying by Manara and from the Kingdoms of the great Samerin Calicut Cananor and others They are all Infidels and of different Opinions Some of 'em who are call'd Vitzliputzli or Joosie Worship the Devil others a Serpent a Crocodile or an Elephant and commonly what they please themselves They neither Eat the Flesh of Bufflars nor Swine They hire old Women to Mourn over their Dead a whole night and cry over the Corps all the time Ajo aniate ariate inguwarre which is as much as to say Why did you Die Come come live again c. Then they Bury him and leave the Hutt out of which the Man died and build another They are a little more Civil than the Cingulaians and their Dress is a little more comely The Women never let themselves be seen uncovered by the Christians When they go abroad they are all covered with white Linnen and so close that they can but just see their way with the corner of one Eye Their Arms and their Legs are all adorned with Silver Rings and their Ears about a Span long with Gold Their Fingers and Toes too are all richly set out with several sorts of Rings most of Silver and Gold Their Numbers are 1 Onera 2 Renda 3 Muna 4 Nala 5 Anse 6 Ara 7 Ola 8 Orta 9 Otta 10 Padda 11 Paddona 12 Padda-renda 13 Paddamuna 14 Padda-nala 15 Padda-anse c. The manner of their Salutation is Laying their Hand on their Forehead and saying Damrian Amadran which is returned the same way They write likewise upon Leaves of Trees with an Iron-Pin and make whole Books of ' em We will now give you some Account How the Hollanders came to Conquer this Country and make themselves Masters of it I have already told you how it came to be in the Power of the King of Spain and fortified by the Spaniards It remained a great while in their Hands till the Portugueses Rebelling in Spain chose a King to themselves with whom all the Spaniards that were in the East-Indies joyn'd And thus the King of Spain lost all his Pretensions in those Countries which was no small loss to him The Portugueses would be improving their Conquests and try their Strength against the King of Candi and thought by Fire and Sword and their barbarous Slaughters and Murthers to frighten him out of his Kingdom but all in vain For the King of Candi finding himself in a great Extremity call'd the Dutch to his Assistance who together fell upon the Portugueses and became at length Masters of all their Cities and Fortifications above-named The last that was Besieged by 'em was the Capital City of Columbo which is about 28 years ago The King of Candi was now free and had an Army of 50000 Men. The Dutch General on the other side call'd Min Heer Vander Hulft had an Army of 12 Companies of 80 Men each together with a Fleet of 8 Ships Both these tho' the one a Heathen and the other a Christian agreed very well together put things into very good Order and made a Treaty That when the City of Columbo both the old and the new should be taken the King should have the Old one for his Residence and the Fort Negombo lying 8 Leagues from thence towards the Kingdom of Candi in his full Possession The Dutch for their part should have the new City of Columbo without any Molestation with all the other Fortisications they were already possest of and besides this should have Priviledge to Trade in any part of the Kingdom whatsoever with its Inhabitants The City of Columbo being taken at last by the Dutch Admiral Ryclof Van Goens the above-mentiou'd Heer Vander Hulst being shot Dead in the Trenches and by the Assistance of the King's Forces who did not suspect any Falshood after the Treaty made The Heer Van Goens having gather'd together the King's Army under pretence of giving them a Treat and the Streets being filled with them he sets all his own Men upon them for what Reason I cannot tell who cut the best part of them in pieces and put the rest to flight The King whom they thought to have taken Prisoner made his escape upon his Elephant and got over high Mountains Rocks and Wildernesses and at last into his Kingdom of Candi where being secure he swore never to forget the Falshood and Treachery of the Christians but to continue in a perpetual War and Enmity against them And in that he hath so constantly kept his Resolution that in these 28
I discovered a place in a dark Entry which was not Paved firm but the Stones only laid loose and knowing it to be their custom to bury their Treasures in time of danger I went to examine the place more narrowly and made shift to dig down a matter of two foot but finding nothing but a few Staefiens or Stiftiens which were about a quarter of a Yard long I grew weary of my work not knowing the value of ' em Those I got I gave away to a Free-man who went privately among the Free-men and sold them for a Crown As soon as ever I knew the worth of 'em I went in all haste to the place again and got a pretty good parcel of them But as ill luck would have it ' ere I could carry them off the Admiral who was come to take a view of the Ruines of the Palace came just that way and finding what it was engrossed it to himself and sent for Men immediately to dig there and there they found as many of them as filled eight Waggons which were sold for 700000 Gilders All which went into the Admiral 's Pocket However he presented me with a hundred Gilders for being the discoverer In the mean while others got several good Booties as Persian Quilts and Persian China Silks with many other rich Furniture and costly Garments that were left in the Palace And I who had found the greatest Booty came off with the least share By what I could see of the strength of this place it is certain the Javians wanted nothing but Courage to keep us out for if that had not been wanting they might have defied double our number For tho' the Town was four or five Miles in compass yet there was but two Avenues into it which was hardly wide enough for two Carts to go abreast the rest being all Moorish grounds where Rice grew but where no Army could have come And instead of a Wall the Town was fenced with a Line of Coco-Trees set close to one another and filled up with Earth so that our Cannon would never have been able to batter it down or so much as to make a breach in any part of it The Buildings within were all built with Bamboo-Canes except the Palace and the Noble-Mens Houses which were of Stone Upon the twenty eight Bastions of this place we found three hundred and odd large heavy Pieces of Cannon tho' most of 'em Iron but no Powder or Bullets which gave us occasion to think that thro' some carelesness the Magazine took fire and so set fire on the whole Town as indeed we found it true afterwards by the account which some of the Inhabitantss gave us The Fortification of this place was so strong that all the Canonading in the World could never make a breach in it for the outside of it was all of Coco-Trees set as close together as might be and behind them was all Earth thrown up And it is impossible for a Bullet to batter any of those Trunks of Coco-Trees being of so spungy a nature that a Bullet will stick in them and go no further In this place was a high Hill cast up by the King's Order and a few Hutts built at top of it from whence he used to go and spy the Army when it lay before Bantam and take a prospect of the Fleet the Country lying all level between those two places Two Rivers run thro' the Town the little and great Dorjasse which unite their Streams a little below the Town and make up a fine River It runs thence thro' the pleasant Vales of the Blawen Peper Bergh into the Sea and divides the Kingdom of Bantam from that of Batavia or Jacatra all along in its course When we had laid still here some few days our Admiral went out with some Companies to visit some of their Negeryen or Villages We plunder'd all as far as the Plain of Banta which is just by the River Bantam and leads towards Tangburang a Province belonging to the Kingdom of Bantam Here we saw some Naekens or small Boats lying on the other side of the River but neither saw or heard any body therebouts The Admiral had a mighty fancy to go over and so had some others of the chief Officers Wherefore he offer'd six Rixdollers to any that would venture to swim over and fetch some of those Naekens over Tho' the River was about a mile wide yet there were four Seamen that proffered themselves immediately and several Blacks who are generally excellent swimmers but it was thought sufficient to send the Seamen only and two of the Blacks who brought over six Naekens and having got some Oars to 'em they went with them and fetch'd all the others which were twenty and odd When they were all come the Admiral went into one of 'em and all the Boats were filled with Men. When we were got over we found nothing but whole flocks of Hens and Ducks so that our Men divided themselves some one way and some another to see if they could find any Body One of these Parties met by misfortune with a parcel of Amboineeses who were come out to get some Coco-nuts and these going drest like Javians our Men took them for such and falling upon them kill'd some of 'em and would certainly have kill'd more had not another party of ours come in of a sudden upon the back of these poor Amboineeses who hearing them cry out for quarter and discovering them to be Amboineeses put a stop to the slaughter and prevented further mischief being done We were all well provided with Powder and Ball and kept on to the end of the Plain where we found some little Works Redoubts c. but all abandoned In one of them were four or five pieces of Cannon which we took and carried over the River and from thence drew them to Dorjasse Our Admiral was now thinking to get over the River again and yet desirous to know what was become of the Enemy but truly his curiosity cost us very dear for we had not yet reach'd our Boats when we perceived a great number of Prawen full of Javians making towards us with such speed that we could hardly get our Arms ready All we could do was to fire upon them and hinder them from landing just in that place But they past by us quickly and came to another landing-place that was more convenient As soon as they had got hold of the Shore they came upon us in a trice and so encompassed us that we had no way left but to yield or throw our selves into the River The first of these could not please us and the latter was almost as dangerous for those who could not swim very well so that they who had little or no hopes of swiming over resolved to stand it out and to sight to the last drop of Blood Our Admiral escaped with five Boats and some others followed them as fast as they could and swam
about 200 years ago by the Spaniards who invaded the Kingdom of Cotta which the City of Columbo belongs to in this following manner They came with two Ships and landed at the place where now Columbo is The Cingulaish King being informed of it at Cotta came out with an Army to meet them but in vain for his Men could not abide the smell of Gun-Powder The Spaniards fell to Building some small Fortifications and to settle themselves in the Country As soon as they were able to get some Assistance being well pleased with the Land and their Success they carried on the VVar not only against the said King of Cotta so as to beat him out of the City where he resided and lay it waste as it is now to this day a place where the wild Elephants are catch'd but in time reach'd farther and at last of seven Kings that had possession of this Island they destroyed six But the seventh who resided at Candi in the middle of the Island being vex'd to see with what Tyranny they used his Subjects begun to carry on a War very vigorously against them and continually Plagues the Cities and Forts which they had built on the Sea-side and for about 20 miles into the Land How this Country fell from the Spaniards to the Portugueses and from the Portugueses to the Dutch I will give an Account hereafter Their chief Fortifications are the City and Castle of Columbo eight Leagues Eastward of that lies the Fort Negombo 20 miles further the Fort Calpintin again 22 miles from thence another call'd Aripen and between those two the Paerl-Bank heretofore so famous Six miles further a very strong Fort on the Island of Manara very fruitful and seven miles in compass This Island of Manara is divided from Ceylon by an Arm of Salt-Water about a Cannon-shot wide Jasnapaparnum a fortified City lies 22 miles distant from Manara and is secured with Bastions call'd by these Names Pas-Piil Pas-Beschatter Pas-Elephant and Punt de Pedre Six and thirty miles farther is the Fort called Trinconamale built by the Dutch against the French This Fort the French had taken Possession of as also of the Bay where Ships ride very safe under the Command of Monsieur de la Haye as Viceroy till the Dutch drove them away again There is another Fort call'd Battacolo 40 miles from that Thence to Punt de Gala 30 miles Thence to Alecan 11 miles Thence to Galture 5 miles Thence round back again to Columbo 6 miles The Description I have given here of these outward Fortifications makes the Circuit of this Island to be in all 206 miles The Inland Fortifications are Maluane 6 Leagues from Columbo Hanguelli or Gourwebell 2 Leagues from Malvane Sittawaca 4 miles farther Ruenell also 4 Leagues farther Saffrigan and Bibliogam 8 Leagues from Ruenell And 12 Leagues on this side of Columbo you have Anguradotten and Caudingellen lying upon two Rivers that run out of the King of Candi's Country very rich in precious Stones The Island of Ceylon hath chiefly two sorts of Inhabitants Those of Columbo from Columbo to Gala are called Cinguleeses or Cingulaians They are very well shaped part of a black and part of a yellowish Complexion The Men have long streight Hair and wear their Beards very large like the Suissers They are generally very Hairy upon their Breasts and they are very proud of it They wear a piece of Linnen about their middle from the Navel down to their Knees But they make a very great distinction of their Apparel according to their Dignity and Quality Their King dresseth himself as he pleases His Cap is of Silk wrought with Gold about a yard high with a great Carbuncle before and Rubies and Saphiires all round about it and at the top a Bird of Paradise His Shirt and Wastcoat is made of the finest Cotton with Golden Buttons and he wears a Garment of colour'd Silk that goes 4 or 5 times round his middle and hangs down to his Knees His Stockings are fastned above his Knees with a string whereon is fastned a silver Plate as large almost as a Trencher His Shoes are only Leathern Soles with strings one of which comes up between his Toes and the other comes round his Foot and ties the Sole fast to it And all these strings are set out with Saphires and Rubies He wears a Sword close under his right Arm tied to a Silk Ribbon It is very heavy being in a massy Silver Scabbard it is made like a Hanger and about a yard long the Handle is ordered with fine precious Stones On his left side between his Shirt and his Wastcoat he wears a long Knife besides his Sword inlaid with Gold and Jewels and by that a sharp Pen wherewith they write upon Leaves of Trees in a Silver Sheath Those of his Council called Pisare and his Generals may also wear Silk Gold and Silver but they are not permitted precious Stones for Ornaments and it is as much as their Lives are worth to offer or pretend to wear any of 'em tho' they are of little or no value Nor do they dare so much as take up one of them when they find them any where and the greatest as well as the meanest Persons throughout all the Kingdom are equally obliged to the Observation of this Custom His Corals which are Governors over some one Coral or County may wear Silk but neither Sword nor Stockings They wear a Staff tipt with Silver with the King's Arms on it they wear a sort of Slipper or Shoe made of Wood mighty neat and very curiously wrought Next to these Corals the Apohami or Nobles are rank'd They go drest as the Corals excepting that they may not tie like them the Caps they wear on their Heads These are to be known when they come into the City by their having a Slave always behind them to carry a Talpot Leaf after them which serves as an Umbrello when it Rains The next in Rank are the Scriveners and Husbandmen who Manure the Fields of Rice They must wear nothing but Linnen no Swords Shooes Stockings nor Caps only a Knife they may and an Iron Pen. Their Wives and those of the above-named Persons may have their Garments from a handful above the Navel down to the Ground but nothing upwards but a short Bajuvan as they Name it which doth not come so low as to cover their Breasts After these are the Handicrafts-Men as Carpenters Goldsmiths Blacksmiths Potters Barbers Burners of Chalk c. These and their Wives may wear a Linnen Garment from the middle downwards and set out their Ears with Gold After them are the Trivitors who gather the Drink from the Trees and boyl the Sugar Tschallias that peel off the Cinnamon The Fishermen and the Laserins their Soldiers Mainets their Washers Borrowayen their Drummers Cubin who are a sort of People that will carry People where they please for Money the meanest of all are the Batins and Zubies These may not