amends with theyr new benefites for the old displeasure done to his father yelded them selues vnto him Moreouer his fathers souldioures being inflamed with fauour toward the younge Prince and preferringe the conscience of theyr othe made to his father before their promise made to the new proud king reuolted withall theyr banners and antesignes to Demetrius And so Alexander being with like rage of for 〈◊〉 ouerthrowne as he was lifted vp was in the fyrste battell vanquished and slayne suffryng due punishment bothe in the behalfe of Demetrius whome he had slayne and in the behalfe of Antiochus whose â—…ock he had moste shamefullie slaundered The xxxvi Boke DEmetrius hauyng recouered his Fathers kyngdome was himself also cor rupted through the prosperous successe in all his affaires through the inclinacion to vice that is commonly wonte to be in youthe he fell to slouth and 〈◊〉 â–ª by meanes whereof he purchased himself as much hatred at all mennes handes for his cowardnesse as his father had gotten for his statelynesse whervppon perceyuyng howe the cyties euerye where began to withdrawe their obedience to th entent he might wype oute the spot of cowardyse he determined to make warre vppon the parthians Whos 's commyng the people of the East were not a litle glad to behold bothe by reason of the crueltie of Arsaces kyng of the Parthians and also bycause the countries beyng enured with the gentle entreatans of the auncient dominion of the Macedones coulde not well away with the pryde of the newe Empyre of the Parthâ—…ans By meanes whereof beyng ayded with the power of the Per sians Emylians and Bactrians he vanquished the Par â—…sans in many battels Neuerthelesse at the last beyng deceyued vnder a counterfet color of peace he was taken prysoner and â—…rawen through thopen face of the cyties that had reuolted and shewed in meckage to the people that had rebelled as who should say they should see what a one he was whome they had so highly fauoured Afterward he was sente into 〈◊〉 and there courteouâ—…ly enterteyned accordyng as belongeth to his for mer estate Whyle these thynges were in doyng in the meane tyme 〈◊〉 who through sute to the body of the Realme had obteyned to be admitted Protector ouer Antiochus sonne in lawe to Demetrius kylled the childe and vsurped the kyngdome of Syria the which he enioyed a great whyle but at the length when the â—…our that men bare him beyng newlie made kyng began to weare oute Antiochus the brother of Demetrius who at that tyme was brought vp in Asia being but a very child ouercame him in battell and so the kyngdome of Syria was reduâ—…ed agayne to the stocke of Demetrius Anâ—…iochus therfore remembryng that both his father was hated for his pryde and his brother despysed for his slouthfulnes because he would not fall into the same vices himselfe after he had taken in mariage Cleopatra his brothers 〈◊〉 he with all diligence pursuwed the Cyâ—…es that had reuloted from his brother at the beginnâ—…g of his Reygne and hauyng subdued them brought theÌ„ agayn to 〈◊〉 of th empyre Also he subdued the Iewes who in the tyme of his father Demetrius takyng weapon in hande had pulled their neckes from subiection of Th empyre of Macedone and set themselfes at libertie And they grewe to suche strength that after this man was once dead there 〈◊〉 as no kyng of Macedone â—…ble to kepe them in obedience but that they made a Ruler among themselfes and diâ—…roubled all Syria with their warres The originall of the Iewes was Damasco whiche is the noblest cytie of all Syria from whence the kynges of Syria also fetchyng theire pedegre from Semyramis descended The Cytie had her name of a Kyng called Damascus in honor of whome the Syrians worshipped the Sepulchre of hys wyfe Arates for a Temple reuerenced her with much deuocion and superstitioâ—…s Ceremonies for a Goddesse After Damascus 〈◊〉 Abraham Israel and 〈◊〉 as kings But Israel was more notable theÌ„ his anceâ—…ors by reson of the 〈◊〉 encrease of his ten sonnes Therfore he deuided his people into ten kingdoms and deliuered it to his sonnes calling theÌ„ all Iewes after the name of Iuda whiche deceased anone after the deuision the remembraunce of whome he commaunded that all the rest should haue in reuerence and veneration His portioÌ„ was the head of all the other The yongest of the brothers was Ioseph of whose excellent wit his brothers being afraid â—…ais wait for him preuely and solde him to marchauntes straungers by whome he was caried into Egipte where throughe the sharpnesse of his wit he so proâ—…d in the magicall artes that within a shorte space he became in great fauor with the king For he was both a very witty diuinor of wonders and foretokens and also he was the firste that inuented the interpretation of dreames Yea there was nothing appertaininge either to God or man wherin he semed not to haue had exact knowledge In so muche that he foresaw the barrennesse of the land many yeres before it came and all Egipt had pearished for hun ger if the king through his counsel had not geuen 〈◊〉 commaundement to laye vp in store the corne and frute of many yeres before hand Finally he was so well tried that his answeres seemed not to be geuen by man but by God His sonne was Moises who besydes the inheritans of his fathers knowledge was also commended for hys excellent beuty and personage But the Egiptians being stricken with a great itch and skabbednesse to the entent that the contagion should infect no mo by the warnynge of an Oracle draue hym and all the infected oute of the borders of Egypt Moyses therfore being made captayne of the banished people stale away the sacrifices of the Egiptians the which the Egiptians entending to recouer by force were compelled by Tempestes to retire home againe Moyses eâ—…ones resortnig to Damasco the natyue country of his ancestors went vp into the mountain Synai in the which for as much as he first rested ther after seuen dayes â—…asting and trauel of hymself and hys people through the desertes of Arabie he hallowed the seuenth day and called it after the manner and vsage of the countrie the Sabboth day commaundyng it to be kept Fastyngday for euer after to the worldes ende because that that day had made an ende of all their trauell and hunger And forasmuch as they remembred howe they were dryuen oute of Aegypt for feare of infection they made a lawe neuer after to communicate with stravngers the which thyng rysing at the first vppon good cause and con syderacion by lytle and lytle grewe into custome and superstition After Moyses his brother Aaron was consecrated first Priest of the Ceremonies of Israel and anon after created kyng And euer after it remayned as a custome among the Iewes that they that wer their priests were also their kynges through whose Iustice and vprightnesse
punished for the death of Phylomenes Antiochus and all hys host is slayn by the men of the countrie the cyties of Grece make complaynt of Phylyp kyng of Macedone at Rome he is absoyled by the 〈◊〉 of his sonne Demetrius who by the false accusacions of his brother Perfes is brought in displen sure with his father and put to death Phylyp dyeth for sorrowe Perses maketh 〈◊〉 for 〈◊〉 against the romans thoriginall of the I strians The ignominie of the Daces Prusias vppon trust of Hannybal that fled from Antiochus vnto him breaketh the truce â—…gaynst Eumenes the â—…ollicy of Hanniball conueyng hymself oute of Candie Prusias is 〈◊〉 vpon the land Hannibal throgh â—… suttle inucncion vanquisheth the â—…nemie vppon the sea Ambassa â—…ours are sent from Rome to set the two kynges at one and to desyre to haue 〈◊〉 yelded vnto theÌ„ Hannibal poisoneth himself The conteyntes of the. xxxiii Boke PAulus Emilius encounâ—…ereth with Perses the valiant demeanor of Cato Perâ—…es is ouercomme and taken with hys sonnes flying towards Samothrace with whome 〈◊〉 of Macâ—…done endeth the noblemen of Etoly with their wyues and children are led prysoners to Rome The conteyntes of the. xxxiiii Boke THe Romaynes subdue the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is 〈◊〉 doune Antiochus maketh warre agaynst Prolomy kyng of Egyt and 〈◊〉 him out of hys countrie P. Popilius is sent Ambassador to byd hym depart out of Egyyt the seuerity of Popilius in executyng his commission Antiochus dyeth his brother Demetrius 〈◊〉 leth pryuely from Rome and killyng hys yonge nephew vsurpeth the crowne Prusias is deposed and murdered by hys owne sonne The conteyntes of the. xxxv Boke 〈◊〉 maketh warre agaynst 〈◊〉 kyng of Cappadocia supporteth his brother Holofernes aganyst him whoÌ„ afterward for treason prepensed he kâ—…peth in pryson one ProÌ„ palus is suborned as the sonne of Antiochus by the name of Alexâ—…der agaynst 〈◊〉 by whome Demetrius is depryued of lyfe and kyngdome Demetrius the â—…on of Demetrius recouereth his fathers kyngdome The conteyntes of the. xxxvi Boke Demetrius maketh warre agaynste the Parthians aâ—…d is taken prysoner 〈◊〉 vsurpeth the kyngdome of Syria Antiochus the brother of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 it out of his handes and subdueth the Iewes Thoriginall of the Iewes the 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 the goyng of the 〈◊〉 oute of Egypt vnder Moyses the halowyng of the sabboth day the srute sulnesse of Iurie with a description of the vale of 〈◊〉 and of the dead sea of Attalus kyng of 〈◊〉 â–ª of hys â—…rueltie and his madnesse and howe he made the people of Rome his heyre Aristomicus the bâ—…stard sonne of 〈◊〉 chalengeth the crown and is ouercome by the RomaÌ„s The conteyntes of the. xxxvii Boke THe Massyliens entreate the Romaynes to râ—…lease theire displeasure agaynst the 〈◊〉 the romains reward the kings that ayded them agaynste 〈◊〉 â–ª and the crueliye of 〈◊〉 toward her owne children the byrthe education and daungerâ—… of Mythridates he subdueth the Scythians he trauaileth through â—…sia disguysed he putteth his wyfe â—…o death for goyng about to poi son him his warlyke conuersacion he entereth in league with Nico medes kyng of Bythima and they iointlie conquer Paphlagonia he subdueth also Galatia contrary to the prohibitio of the Romans Nicoinedes alâ—…ereth the name of his sonne anâ—… proclaymeth hym kyng of Paphlagonta The conteyntes of the. xxxviii Boke MIthridates destroyeth Ariarathes kyng of Cappadocia and Nicomedes inuadeth the kyngdome Myâ—…hridates vnder pre tence of helpyng his systers sonne dryueth Nicomedes out of the realme by a cautele ryddeth his sayd systers sonne of his lyf and and maketh one of his owne sonnes kyng The Cappadâ—…cians rebeil and set vp Ariarathes the brother of the king slayn before whoÌ„ Mythridates ouercommeth and dryueth him oute of the realme the sayde Ariarathes dyeth wherevpyon Nicomedes suborneth a beautifull yong man vnder the color of beyng brother to the sayde Ariarathâ—…s to sue to the Senate of Rome for the kyngdome Mythridates dothe the lyke with an other of his owne sonnes the Cap padocians beyng set at lybertie desyre a kyng Ariobarzanes is appoynted by the Senate Mythridates entereth in leage with Tygranes kyng of Armeny who expulseth Ariobarzanes out of Cappadocia the Romans sent their Lieutenaunteâ—… to set Ariobarzanes agayn in his kyngdome Mythridates maketh greate preparicions and forniture for the warres he encourageth his souldiers and consulteth of thorderyng of his warres Ptolomy kyng of Cyrene obteynyng the kyngdome of Egypt after the death of his brother wor keth moste extreme crueltie agaynste thauthors of his promocion the Ambassadours of Rome come to Alexandria Ptolomye flyeth out of Egypt maketh warre agaynste the same committeth moste execrable cruelnesse agaynst his owne children the courtesie shewed by the kyng of Parthia to Demetrius beyng thâ—…yr prisoner Demetrius stealeth away twyse and is set backe agayne Antiochus the brother of Demetrius maketh warre agaynst the Parthians Demetrius is let go into Syria Antiochus is slayn and all his host murdâ—…red by a sodayne conspiracie Demetrius escapeth into hys kyngdome The contents of the. xxxix Booke DEmetrius whyle he goeth aboute for to conquere the whole â—…alme of Egypte loseth his owne Realme by sodayn rebelion the kyng of Egypt suborneth one as adopted by Antiochus to chalenge the kyngedâ—… of Syria proclaimyng him by the name of Alexander who ouercoÌ„meth Demetrius and â—…ylieth him Grypho the sonne of Demetrius is crowÌ„ned kyng by name his mother bearyng all the rule he is supported by the power of the Egyptians agaynst Alexander whome he vanquisheth Alexander is taken by theues brought vnto Grypho and put to death The mother of Grypho offeryng her sone a cup of poyson is compâ—…lled to drynke it her sclfe His brother Cyriceâ—…us maketh insurreccion agaynst him the Kyng of Egypt dyeth Grypho ouercomâ—…eth Cyri cenus the crueltie of Gryphin towardes her syster Cleopatra the wyfe of Cyricenus Cyricenus vanquisheth Grypho and reuengeth his wyfes deaâ—…h vppon her sister Cleopatra Quene of Egypt sâ—…tteth vp and pulleth downe her sonnes at her pleasur and 〈◊〉 length is slayne by Alexander the yonger of them who for his labor is bannished the Realme and his brother Pâ—…olomy made kyng in his stede The kyng of 〈◊〉 bâ—…queateth his kyngdome to the Ro maynes Heroâ—…yinus kyng of Araby inâ—…teth Egypt and Syria The contâ—…yntes of the. xl Boke TYgranes king of armeny is creatâ—…d kyng of Syria by eleccioÌ„ a great earthquake in Syria Aâ—…granes is vanquished by Lucâ—…llus by whome the kyngdome of Syria is gyuen to Antiochus the sonne of Cyricenus whome Pompeius afterwarde deposeâ—…h and maketh the Realme a pronynce of the Romaynes The xli Booke THe Originall encrease and habitacion of the ParthiaÌ„s the order of their common weale their lenguage and apparell the maner of the warres and thâ—…ducacion of their bondmen theyr trade of lyuyng burâ—…all superstiâ—…ion and naturall inclynacion How they serued vnder diuerse kyngs whose Realmes they afterward brought in subieâ—…ion Of the kyngdom of Bactria The foundacion of the Parthian Empyre by Aâ—…aces with
great prowesse and redoubted for theyr chyualrye throughe e◅eminate cowardnesse and ryot lost all theyr puyssaunce and strength and they whyche before Cyrus time cculde by no warres be vanquyshed nowe fallynge to all kynd of ryot excesse are ouercome with slouth ydlenesse There were before Cresus manye kynges in Lydia for diuers chaunces worthye to be spoken of but none had lyke fortune as had Candaules who hauyng a wife whō for her excellent beau tie he loued out of all measure not contēt with the secrete knowledge of hys pleasures praysed her to euery body and bewraied the priui ies of wedlock as though that silēce had bene an hinderance to her beautie at the last to make good his wordes he shewed her naked to his companion Gyges By the which dede on the one side he so entyced and allured his frende to committe aduoutrie with his wife that he made him his enemie and on thother side he withdrew his wiues loue from him selfe as ye would saye surrendred it to another man For ere it was long after Gyges slewe Candaules maried his mistres for his labour The wife beyng endowed with the bloud of her husbande yelded bothe her selfe and the kingdome into his handes that committed aououtry with her When Cyrus had conquered Asye and pacified the whole East he made warre agaynst the Scithions The same time reigned ouer the Scithians Queene Thomyris who not abashed like a woman at the commynge of her enemy whereas she might haue stopped their passage ouer the riuer Araxes suffred thē to come ouer thinkings that she should fight more to her owne aduauntage within her owne countrey that her enemies should the hardlyer escape if they were put to the worse bicause of the riuer be twene them and home Cyrus therfore hauing ferried ouer his carmy when he had gone a litle way into Scithia pitched his campe the next day counterfetting a feare as though he would haue retyred back againe forsooke his campe the which he left sufficiently furnished with plenty of wine all kinde of delicate viandes meete for feastynge whyche thyng being declared to the Queen she sent her yong sonne with the thyrd parte of her hoste to folowe after Cyrus When they were come to Cyrus campe the yong man being ignoraunt in feates of warre as though he had come to banquet and not to battell leauyng the pursuyte of his enemies suffered his barbarous countreymen to ouercharge them selues with wine by meanes whereof they were so drunken that they could not fyght Cyrus hauinge knoweledge thereof by his espyalles retourned secretelye in the nyght and fallyng vpon them vnwares slewe all the Scithians and the Queenes sonne among them Thomiris hauing lost so great an army that which shuld haue greued the worse her onely sonne fell not a wepynge for sorrowe but deuised with her selfe howe she myghte he reuenged and wyth like pollicie and deceypte begyled her enemies now beyng in their chiefe ruffe for theyr now got thenvictory Wherupon feyning a mistruse for the slaughter in the laste ouerthrowe she gaue backe so longe till she had brought Cyrus into a strait and there enuironing hym with a bushement of souldiers layd before in the mountaynes for the same purpose she slewe 200000 Persians and y ◠kyng him selfe In the which conflycte this thing is worthy to be noted that there was not so muche as one man left to beare home tidinges of so great a slaughter The Queene commaūded the head of Cyrus to be cut of and throwen in to a boll of mannes bloud castyng him in the teeth in thys wyse with hys crueltye Nowe fyll thy selfe with bloud which thou hast euer thyrsted Cyrus reigned thirty yeres being maruaylous notable not only in the beginning of his reygne but also during all the continuaunce of the same After him succeded Cambisis which to his fathers empire by conquest annexed Egipte But being offended with the suspersticion of the Egiptians he commaunded the Temples of Apis and other their Goddes to be beaten downe Furthermore also he sent an army to destroy the renowmed Temple of Ammon which being ouerwhelmed with tempestes and heapes of sand was vtterly destroyed These thynges beynge done he dreamed that hys brother Smerdis shuld reygne after him the whiche dreame made him so afrayed that he sticked not after sacrilege to commit most vnnaturall murder in killing his owne brother For it was a hard an vnlikely matter that he should take any pitie vpon his owne which in spight of religion did violētly set vpon the Goddes As an instrument to bring this cruell act to passe he chose a frend of his one of the Magiās called Comaris In the meane while he him selfe beyng sore woū ded in the thygh with his sworde fallyng out of the sheathe by it selfe dyed and so suffered worthye punyshemente whether it were for the murther commaunded or for the sacrylege already committed When tidynges here of came to the wyso man or ener it was openlye knowen that the kynge was dead he dispatched his purpose and hauynge slayne Smerdis which by ryght shuld haue bene kynge set vp his owne brother Oropastes in his steade For he was very lyke the kynges brother in makyng and fauour By reason whereof uo man misdeemynge any suche treason to be wrought in steade of Smerdis Oropastes was made king The which thing was the easier to be brought to passe and to be kept from knowledge bycause that amonge the Persians for the more honoure and reuerence of his person the kyng showeth not him felfe bare faced The wyse men therfore thereby to winne the fauour of the comminaltye released vnto them three yeares tribute exempted them frō the warres during all the said terme to thentente they myght establyshe by briberye and flatterye the kyngdome that they had gotten by treason and pollicye The whyche thyng was fyrst suspected by one Orthanes a noble man one that had a great foresight in coniecturyng Therfore he sent to his doughter whyche was one of the kynges concubynes to knowe yf he that was kyng were kynga Cyrus sonne or no She sent hiw word that she her selfe could not tell nor yet learne the truthe at onye of her followes han des bycause euery one of them were kepte alone in a house by them selues Then he sente her worde agayne that she should fele about his head when he were a slepe For Cambyses had cut of both the wyse mans cares before Her father beyng certified that the kyng had no eares bewrayed the matter to the noble men of the realm◅ and compelled them to bynde theym selues with an oth◅ that they should confound the wrongful kyng There were no mo but seuen priuye to this conspiracye the whych incontinentlye leaste yf they had time and space to bethynke theym the matter myght be by some of the companye bewrayed with
euerye man his weapon vnder his gowne went strayt to the pallaice where hauing slayne suche as withstoode theym they came to the place where the wyse men were who shewed well that they wanted no courage to defend them selues For they drewe their weapons and slew two of the conspiracye Neuerthelesse the other being mo in noumber caâ—…ght hold of them Of the whych Gobryas hauing one of the wyse meÌ„ fast in his armes perceiuing y â— his fellowes stayed their handes for doubt of stryking him through in stead of the wise maÌ„ bycause the matter was done in a darke place bad theÌ„ thrust theyr swordes into the wise man thoughe yt wer through his body Yet notwithstaÌ„ding his fortune was such that the wyse man was slayne and be escaped vnhurt The wysemen beyng thus slayne the noble men atteyned great honour renowne for recouering of the kyngdome but much more honoure did they atteyne in that wheÌ„ they were in controuersie for the kyngdome they could agree amonge theym selues For both in prowesse and eâ—…ate they were so equall that it shoulde haue bene a hard matter for the people to haue sayde whych of them was worthyest Therefore they inuentâ—…d a way among them selues wher by to commit the determinacion of theyr matter to God and good Fortune They agreed amonge them selues that at the tyme appoynted euery one of them shoulde come before the palace on horsabacke by the breake of the daye and be whose horse neyed first before the rising of the sonne shuld be kyng For the Persians beleue that ther is no god but the sonne and that horses are vnto hym hallowed There was among the conspiratours oâ—… Darius thesone of Histaspis that fayne would haue had the kyngdome if he had wyst howe to come by it To whom beyng sad and care full for the matter his horsekeper sayd sir if nothynge may hinder you but that be of good cheare and take no thought at aâ—… for the matter the day shal be yours Thereupon thâ—… night before the day appoynted he broughte hys maysters horse into the same place and there put him to a Mare thin kyng that for desire of the Mare the thinge woulde come to passe as afterward it did in dede The next morning euâ—…ry one of theym beyng come at the howre appoynted Darius horse knowyng the place of courage to the mare forthwith neyed alowde and the residewe beyng slowe first of all the company gaue his mayster a token of god lucke The rest of the lordes were of suche modestye that as soone as they heard the tooken of good lucke by and by they lept of theyr horses and saluted Darius by the name of king Al the peo ple also folowing the iudgement of the princes appoynted and tooke him for their kyng And so the kyngedome of the Persians recouered by the prowesse of seuen of the noblest men of al the realme was in the turning of a hand brought into one mannes hande agayne A manne woulde scarce be leue that suche great estates should ende so weyghty matter with suche reuerence and loue one to another Consideryng that they spared not their liues to wresse it out of the wyse mens handes Although to say the truth besides man hoode personage fauour and prowesse meete and worthy so great a kyngdome Darius was also neare of aliaunce vn to the auncient kynges of Persia. Therfore in the beginning of his reygne he tooke in mariage wyth great solemnitie and royaltie the doughter of kyng Cirus to th entent it might seme that the kyngdome was not so much bâ—…tow ed vpon a straunger as rather reduced and brought againe into the familie of Cirus Within a while after when the Assyrians had rebelled and taken the citie of Babilon the kyng being in a great rage by cause he could not deuise how to recouer the towne agayn one of them that helped to slea the wise men named zopyrus caused his body to be piteouslye torne al ouer with whipping at home at his owne house and his nose lippes and eares to be cutte of and in the same plyghte sodainelye came into the kynges preseuce whyche thought of nothyng lesse than suche a matter Darius beynge amased and demâ—…undinge who hadde so shamefullye mangled hym and vppon what occasyon he informed â—…ym secreatelye for what purpose he hadde done it and after â—…e hadde suffycyentlye and thorowelye establyshed hys purpose and taught the kyng how he would do he fled like a rennagate vnto BabiloÌ„ There he shewed the people his forne skinne and maymed face making exclamacion of the kinges crueltye through whoÌ„ he lost his parte of the kyngdome not by prowesse and manhoode but by lucke not by the iudgement of men but by the neyenge of a horse he couÌ„ sayled them to take warning by theyr frendes howe to beware of their foes he exhorted theym not to truste more to their walles than to their weapons and that they woulde geue him leaue to reuenge his displeasure vpon the kynge in their behalfe nowe while his anger was freshe in hys re membraunce He was well knowen among them all to be a noble man and a man of much prowesse and as for his cre dite they doubted not at all as whereof they thoughte hys woundes and wrongfull maymes to be a sufficient pledge and wytnesse Therefore by a common consent they made him a captayne who with a small band of souldiers twyse or thrise put to flyght the Persià s geuing way for the nones At the last being put in trust with the whole armye he betrayed it to the kyng and brought the cytie againe vnder his obeysance After this the kyng made warre agaynst the Scithians of the whych we will entreat in the next booke folyowing THE SCEOND BOOKE of Iustine EOr asmuche as we be come to the rehersall of the actes of the Scithians whyche were both great and honourable I htynke it good to entreate euen of theyr very originall begynnyâ—…g For their first begynnyng was no lesse famous than was the whole processe of their Empire neyther were the more renowmed through the chiualrye of theyr menne then through the prowesse of their women For where as their men were the founders of the Parthians and Bactrians theyr women founded the kyngdom of the Amazons so that yf a man consider and wey indifferently the doynges of the men and the doynges of the women together he shall not be able to iudge whether of them were worthier of renowne and honour The Scithian nacion hath euer bene counted of gretest antiquitye Aowbeit betwene theym and the Egiptians hath bene great strife a longe time as concernynge the auncientnesse of them both The Egiptians alledging that in the first begynnyng of thinges whereas some countreyes dyd so borne through the feruente heat of the Sonne and othersome to fryse through the excessiuenesse of the could that not onely they were not able to engender men but also not able
encounter in Wher being twise put to the wors at the third encounter he slue Lamachus put â—…is ennemies to flight and raised the siege But when gylippus perceiued that the Atheniens remoued from the lande to battell on the Sea he sent for the nauye of Lacedemon to aide him the which thing being knowen at Athens they also to supplye the rowme of the captaine that was slain sent Demosthenes and 〈◊〉 with a newe furniture of souldiers The Xeloponesians also by a common decree of all the Cityes â–ª sente great aid to the Syracusanes and all the power that either parte coulde make was sent thither as thoughe the warre had bene remoued oute of Grece into Sicilie Therfore at the first encounter vpon the Sea the Atheniens wer vanquished their tentes also with all their Treasure priuate and common were taken Besides al these mischeues wheÌ„ they were ouercome vpon the lande also then Demosthenes began to counsel them to depart out of Sicilie betimes before their matters which all ready were in great hasarde were not yet all together brought to vtter despaire Saying it was not good to peâ—…uer and lenger in the warre so vnluckely begone and that there was sorer and perchance more vnfortunate warre towarde at home in theyr owne countrye for the defence and withstandinge wherof That furniture of the City ought to be reserued Nicias whether it were for shame of his ill successe or for feare of his owne Citizens disapoynted of that they loked for or that hys destenye compelled him there vnto made all the meanes he might to abide still Whervpon eftsones was renued the warre by sea and for all the stormes of their former misfortune yet they toke courage to encounter againe But throughe the vnskilfulnesse of their captaines that set vppon the Siracusanes keping them selues in the straights they were lightly ouercome The captain 〈◊〉 fighting very valiantly in the foreward was the first that was slaine The xxx shippes wherof he hadde the charge were set on fire Demosthenes and Nicias beinge also vanquished did set their men a lande supposing by that waye the better to eskape The hundred and xxx shippes whiche they lefte behinde them Gylippus inuaded and afterward pursuing them as they fled some he slue and some he tooke prisoners Demosthenes when he had loste his armye deliuered hym selfe from bondage by wilfull sleing of him self with his sword But Nicias hauyng not the hart to doo by him selfe as dyd Demosthenes dishonourably encreased the slaughter of his men by yelding him self vnto shamefull captiuity The fifthe Booke VUhile the Atheniens warred in Sicilie by the space of ii yeares with more gredinesse then successe in the meane season Alcibiades the stirrer and chieftaine therof in his absence was accused at Athens to haue published the misteryes of Ceres and the night sacrifices done in her honoure whiche are by no meanes so highly solempnized as by silence And being sent for from the warres to aunswer to hys complainte whether his conscience gaue him to be giltye or that he could not abide such a reproche to his honor he made no woordes but went as a banished man to Elis. Afterward when he vnderstoode that he was not onlye condempned but also accursed by the priestes of all the orders of religion he wente to Lacedemon and there perswaded the king to warre vppon the Atheniens nowe auexed and troubled with their misaduentures in Sicilie Immediatly whervppon all the kingdomes of Grece gathered them selues together as it had ben to quench some common fire so great hatred hadde the Atheniens gotten through their vnmeasurable desire of bearing rule Darius also the king of Persians remembring the hatred that hys father and graundfather bare to this City entred in leage with the Lacedemonians by Tyssaphernes lieuetenaunte of Lydia and promised to bear the charges of the warre This was the pretence of entraunce in leage with the Grekes but in verye deede he doubted least when the Lacedemonians had ouercome the Atheniens they would set vppon him What wonder is it then if the estate of Athens were so flourishinge since that to oppresse that one Citye all the power of the whole East bent them selues together Yet notwithstandinge they were not as cowardes ouercome wythout great bloudshed but fightinge to the vttermost and some whiles also getting the vpper hand they were at lengthe rather by vnstablenesse of fortune consumed then by plain force vanquished In the beginning of the warre not so muche but euen their owne fellowes forsooke them as it is daily sene that wheras fortune semeth to fauor thither also do mennes harts encline Alcibiades also furthered this warre that was moued againste his countrye with all the power he might not like a common souldier but like a puissaunt captain For taking with him x. shippes he sailed into Asia and there by the authoritye of his name compelled the Cities that were tributary vnto the Atheniens to tourne to the Lacedemonians For they knew wel that he was a man of great power in his owne countrye and they thought he was not the lesse by reason of his banishmente supposing him not to muche to be taken from the Atheniens as to be deliuered for a captain to the Lacedemonians and so they set his winninges against his losses But amoÌ„g the Lacedemonians Alcibiades greate prowesse and â—…aliantnesse wan him more enuy then thank Therfore when the Princes laid wait secreatly to kill him by treason as an ennemye to their glory and renowne Alcibiades hauynge knowledge therof by the wife of king agis with whome he had committed aduoutry fled to Tissaphernes kinge Darius lieuetenaunt with whome through his curtesy and lowly behauior he quickly wound him self in For he was then in the florishing time of his youth and for his beautye personage and eloquence amonge all the Atheniens was none like vnto him But he was better in winning frendshippe then in keepinge because that euer at the firste vnder the faire shadowe of eloquence were cloked his euill manners and conditions Therfore he perswaded Tissafernes that he should not alow to muche wages and viand to the fleete of the Lacedemonians and that the Ionians ought to be called to part of the charges for whose libertye when they payed tribute to the Atheniens this warre was first begonne Moreouer that the Lacedemonians oughte not to haue to much helpe consideringe he prepared for another mannes victory and not for his owne wherfore the warre ought so farre forthe to be maintained that it be not broken vp for want of things necessary For as long as the Grekes were thus at debate amoÌ„g them selues the king of Persia shuld alwaies be an indifferent iudge bothe of peace and warre at his owne pleasure And he should ouercome them wyth their owne power whome he could not ouercome with all the power he was able to make of his owne And assone as the warre were
by reason of their sacriledge yet notwythstaÌ„ding it procured more enuy to the Thebanes by whom they were driuen to this extremitye then to them And therfore bothe the Atheniens and the Lacedemonians set forth men to their aid At the first encounter Philomelus turned the Thebanes out of their campe at the next fighting valiantly amongste the thickest he was the firste that was slain and so with his wicked bloud did worthely abye for committing sacriledge In his sted Ornomarchus was created Captaine against whom the Thebanes and Thes salians chose for their captain not one of their owne country men for fear least if he gate the victory he should bear him self so Lordly that no man were able to abide hâ—…m but Philip king of Macedonie willingly submitting theÌ„ selues vnder the subiection of a forrener whiche was the thynge they most of all feared in their own country men Phillip therfore as though he had bene the reuenger of sacriledge and not of the Thebanes commaunding all his souldiours to put garlandes of Laurel vpon their heades and in thys wise as hauing God the chiefe Captaine of his enterpryse he marched into the field The Phocenses at the sighte of the cognisaunce of the God striken with inwarde remorse of conscience for their offences â—…ast downe their wepons toke them to flight And so with their owne bloud slaughter of them selues suffred worthy punishmeÌ„t for violating of religion Ye wil not beleue what glory and renown Phi lip won among al nations for executing this dede As who wold say he was the punisher of sacriledge he was the reuenger of religion he only was worthy to compell offenders to make satisfaction to the execution where of all the world ought to haue put theyr helpe Therfore they honored him next vnto the Goddes by whome the maiestye of the Goddes was defended But the Atheniens hearyng of the aduenture of the war to th entent that Philip shoulde not passe into Grece toke the straights of Thermopyle in like maner after the same sort as they had done before against the coÌ„ming of the Persians but nether with like corage nor for like quarel For then it was for the libertye of Grece but now it was for open sacriledge then in the defâ—…nce of the temples against the inuasions of the ennemy now in the maintenaÌ„ce of churchrobbers against the right 〈◊〉 reuengers Making them selues bolsterers and bearers out of that hainous offeÌ„ce wherof it was a shame for theÌ„ that any other theÌ„ theÌ„ selues shuld haue ben the punishers Quite forgetting that euen in their moste aduersitye they had vsed that God as their chefest counseller that by hys guidance they had finished so many battels with conquest builded so many cities with fortunate successe attayned so great an Empire both by sea laÌ„d And finally atcheued no thing either in publike or priuate affairs without the ma iesty of his Godhed Certesse it is great pity that such fine wits so exquisitely polished withal kinde of learning traded in so goodly lawes institutions should be so far ouerseene as to commit so heinous an act that of right they can haue no cause here after to be offended with the barbarus nations for doing of the like But Philip him self kept not euen touch with his felowes For as it wer to th enteÌ„t hys enemies shuld not go beyond him in committing sacrilege the cities wherof a litle before he was captain whiche had fought vnder his standerd which had reioysed in him and which had holpen him to the victory like an vtter ennemy he inuaded sacked The wiues childreÌ„ of them al he sold by the drom He spared not the teÌ„ples of the Gods immortal not the houses of religion not the common nor priuate houshold gods vnto whoÌ„ a litle before hâ—…â—…ntred as a guest so that it might euideÌ„tly appere he sought not so muche to haue punished sacriledge as to procure fre liberty to perpe trate the same From thence as though he had accoÌ„plished al things to his honor he passed into Cappadocia where making war with like falshod hauing taken and slain by policy the kings that wer the next borderers he brought all the whole prouince vnder thempire of Macedonâ—… Then to abolyshe the shamefull brute that went of his doynges through the which he was more spoken and talked of then anye other man in those daies he sent into the kingdomes and moost welthy Cities into the Churches and temples certain to raise a rumor and to put it into folkes heds that king Philip would bestow a great masse of monye in building walles about the Cities and in makinge of Churches and temples and that maisters of the worke should be pro cured by proclamation The whiche when they came into Macedone being driuen of with diuers delaies for feare of the kinges displesure were faine to get them away againe and make no mo woordes After this he assailed the Olynthians For when they saw that Philip had put one of hys brothers to deathe for verye pities sake they receiued two other of his brothers borne of his stepmother whome as partners of his kingdome he soughte by all meanes to dispatch out of the way Therfore vppon this occasion he vtterly destroyed that auncient and noble citye and put hys brothers to the deathe that he had before determined appoynted for them enioying therby both a greate pray and also his wicked lust in slaying of his brothers Whervpon as though al things had ben lawful that he purposed in his mind he sesed vpon the gold mines in Thessaly and vpon the siluer mines in Thrace And to the entent no law nor righte should be left vnuiolated he determined to be a rouer on y â— seas These things being thus accomplished it fortuned by chance that ii brother 's both kings of Thrace being at variaunce betwixt them selues not in respect of his indiffereÌ„cy iustice but for fear least he shuld help to support either of the parties chose him to be iudge of their controuersies But Philip according to his accustomed nature proceding to iudgement as if he shuld haue gone to battel came sodeÌ„ly vpon the brothers ere they wist therof with his men in battel ray and not like an vpright iudge but like a craftye thefe wicked kaitife spoiled theÌ„ both of their kingdomes While these thinges were a doing the ambassadors of Athens came vnto him to require peace whome he heard sent him selfe other ambassadoures to Athens with Articles of peace and there to the commodity of both parties a peace was concluded Oute of other Cities of Grece came ambassaders also not so muche for desire of his frendshyp as for feare of warre For the Thebanes and Beotians of very rancor and malice that boyled in their stomackes requested him to shew him selfe as captaine of Grece against the Phocenses according as he had professed him self to be So sore
were they inflamed with hatred againste the Phocenses that vtterly forgetting their owne slaughters they had rather pearishe them selues then to suffer them vndestroyed and had rather to abide the cruelty of Philip which they knew all redy by experience then by anye meanes to for bear their enemies On the contrary part the 〈◊〉 wyth thambassadours of Lace and Athens besought hym that he would not make warre the whyche they hadde all ready iii. times bought of at his hand with their monye Surely it was a foule and miserable sight to behold Grece which euen yet at that time bothe in strength and dignity was princesse of the whole world alwaies a conqueresse of kinges and countries and as yet the Lady of many cities daunsing attendaunce in a forain land and there entreting for warre or peace to put her hed vnder a nother mannes girdle And that the reuengers of the whole world should be brought to that poynte through their own discorde and ciuil warres that they were glad to fawne and hang vpon their sleues who not longe before were accompted as the vilest part of their retinue and hangers on ▪ and that in espe cially to be don of the Thebanes and Lacedemonians who lately before ruled the whole rost betwixt them and now in the time that Grece bare the souerainty wer enemyes one of anothers estate Philip in the meane season for the aduauncement of his owne glory debated as concerninge the preheminence and estate of so mighty cities deuising of which he were best to make most accompt And therfore when he had seacreatly heard thambassades of both partes seuerally he promised the one to discharge them of the warres taking an othe of them not to bewray his answer to anye man On the contrary part he promised the other to come and helpe them geuing both parties straight charge and commaundemēt not to fear or prepare for any warre Through this variable answer it came to passe that while euerye man kepte him self in quiet he toke the straightes of Thermopile Then first of all the Phocenses perceiuing them selues entrapped by the pollicy of Philip fearfully tooke them to their weapons But they had no leisure either to surnish their owne battels or to send for succor to their neighbors And Philip threatned he would vtterly destroy them onlesse they yelded incontinent Being therfore ouercome with necessity they yelded them selues simply their liues only saued But euen of as muche force was this composition as was hys promise before to discharge them of the warres Therfore they were euery wher slain and spoiled The children wer not left to their parents nor the wiues to their husbands nor the Images of the Goddes in the temples One onlye comfort had this wretched people that wheras Philip defrauded his owne companions of their parte of the praye they saw nothing of theirs in their enemyes hands When he was returned into his kingdome like as Grasiers shift their cattel somtime into one layer sometime into another according as the season of the yere requireth euen so remo ued he at his owne pleasure whole countries and Cityes according as he thought the places mete to be replenished or forsaken It was a miserable sight to behold in al places and in respect euen like to a desolation For this feare was not like as when the ennemy approcheth or when men of warre run vp and downe a Citye or when two hostes encounter vielently in the fielde nor when men are slaine in the stretes their goods taken away perforce but a secret sorow mourning fearing leaste euen their forced teares shuld be taken for contimacy the grief encresed by the cloking therof so much the depelier persing the hart as it had lesse liberty to vtter it selfe Somtime they considered the sepulchres of their ancestors somtime their old housholde gods somtime the houses wher they were begotten had begotten children them selues Bewailing eft their owne case in that they had liued to that day eft the state of their children y ◠it had not bene their fortune to be borne after y e time Some people he placed in the vtmost boundes of his kingdom euen in his enemies mouthes other he set in the furthermost borders of all his realme other some that wer mete for the warres he put in garrison in cities as nede required And so of many kindes of people manye nations he made one entire kingdom one people The affaires of Macedonie being set at a stay through fraud pollicy he toke the chief of the Dardamans other borders and subdued their coūtries Nether withheld he his hand frō his own kinred For he determined to put Arymba king of Epyrus his wife Olympias neare kinsman from his royalty And thervpon he sent for Alexander his sonne in law brother of his wife Olympias a boy of excellent beuty in his sisters name to com vnto him into Macedonie And ther by al meanes possible ha uing entised him with hope of the kingdom vnder pretens of counterfet loue abused him in most filthy buggery thin king that either shame and remorse of his own conscience or elsse the making of him king should cause him to be the more at his commaundement Therefore when the chylde was come to xx yeres of age he toke the kingdom from Arymba and gaue it to him being a very boy playinge a wicked part with them bothe For neither delt he like a natural kinsman with him from whome he toke the kingdome and him to whome he gaue it he made a harlot before he made him king The ninthe Booke VUhen Philip was come into Grece allured with the sacking of a few cities the spoil of a few smal townes ther vpō gathering in his minde how great wer the richesse of them all he determined to make warre against all Grece To the furtherance wherof he thought it wold greatlye aduauntage him if he myghte bring in his subiection the noble hauen town of Byzance as a refuge for his hostes both by-sea lād The same because they shut their gates against him he besieged This Citye was builded at the first by Pansanias kinge of the Spartanes by him was possessed by the space of vii yeres ▪ Afterward as victory enclined to either part it belonged eft to the Lacedemonians and eft to the Atheniens The which vncertain possession made it to stand stiflye in the defence of her own liberty forasmuch as neither partye succored or rescued it as their owne Phillip therfore hauing spent his treasure with the long continuaunce of his siege made a shifte to get mony by rouing on the Lea. And hauing taken lxr shippes laden with marchaundise he refreshed his gready necessity for a while Furthermore because so great an army shoulde not be deteined aboute the siege of one city he went with a nomber of the stoutest of his souldioures and wan manye cities of Chersonesus Moreouer he sente for hys
booty falling into their mouthes vnhoped for th one thinking to succede him in his Empire the other to possesse his richesse and moueables Ther wer in the tresory an hundred thousande talentes besides the yerely custom and tribute which amounted to CCC thousand But it was not for nothinge that the noble men of Alexander loked for the kingdome For they were euery one of them of that prowesse representing suche a maiesty therwithall that ye would haue thought them to haue beene kinges euerychone For they were all men of suche beauty and fauour so tall and goodly personages and of so great strength and wisdome that he that had not knowen them would not haue thought they hadde bene all of one country but rather chosen out of all the whole world And surely neither Macedone nor any other coūtry before that time did florish with suche a nomber of noble m◅n whom first of all Philip and afterward Alexander with suche aduisement selected and picked oute that they seemed not so muche to haue bene chosen to attend vppon him and serue him in the warres as to succede in him in his kingdome Who can then meruel that the world was subdued by such men of seruice seing the army of Macedone was gouerned by so many not Captaines but kinges who neuer shoulde haue found their matches if they had not fallen at contention betwene them selues And Macedone should haue had many Alexanders for one if fortune vpon enuy of their owne puissaunce had not armed them one to destroy another But after the time that Alexander was deade they assembled together into one place neither alltogether mery nor out of fear one of another No lesse mistrustinge the men of warre whose liberty was now more large and fauor vncertaine And amonge them selues the equalitye encreased theyr discord no man so farre exceding the rest of his peres that any of them would vouchsafe to submit himself vnto hym Therfore they assembled in the palace all in harnesse to set an order and staye in matters for the tyme. Perdicas thoughte it good to abide the deliueraunce of Roxanes the which had now gone viii monethes with child by Alexander and wold be redy shortly to lie downe and if she brought forth a sonne to substitute him in his fathers stead Meleager replying thervnto said it was not meete to delaye their determination vpon her doubtfull deliueraunce nor to tary for a king that was vnborne sith they mighte take suche as were borne all ready For if they desired to haue a childe to their kinge there was at Pergamus Alexanders sonne by Arsine called Hercules or if they had rather haue a younge man there was in the campe arideus the brother and companion of Alexander one that was welbeloued of all men not onlye for hys owne sake but also for his father king Philippes sake But as for Ro◅nes for as much as she was a Persian it was not lawfull for the Macedones to take them kinges of theyr bloud whose Empire they had subuerted the which thing he said was no part of Alexanders thoughte for he made no mention at all thereof at his deathe Ptolomy refused to haue arideus made king not only for his mothers basenesse for he was begotten of a concubine named Laryssa but also for his continuall sicknesse whiche was greater then could well be abiden in that case least he shoulde beare the name and another all the sway Wherfore it wer better for them to chuse certayn of those whiche for their prowesse and vertues were next vnto the king to rule the prouinces and to take charge of y ◠warres rather then vnder the coloure of a kinge to be at the commaundement of vnworthy persons At length by the consent of them all the sentence of Perdicas tooke place It was thought good to tary for the deliueraunce of Roxanes and if she had a manchilde it was determined that Leonatus Perdicas Craterus ◅tipater shuld be protectours and forth with the rest toke their othe to be obedient to those protectors When the horsmen had done the like the fotemen disdaining that they wer made preuy to no part of their doings proclaimed Arideus the brother of Alexander kynge and chose him a garde of his own kinred geuing him the name of his father king Phillip The which thinges when they were told to the horsmen they sent to appease their wrath two ambassadoures of the noble men Attalus and Melenger who seking preheminence by flatteringe of the comminalty condescended to the souldioures by and by the tumulte increased when it ones had gotten a heade and counsell Then of purpose to destroy the men of armes they armed them selues and rushed into the palace The mē of armes vnderstanding what peril they stode in fearfully conueied them selues out of the city and pitched theyr campe in the fieldes wherat the fotemen also began to be dismaid Neyther did the hatred of the noble men cease Attalus sente to kil Perdicas captain of the aduerse parte Unto whom being armed when they that were sent to strike him durste not approche althoughe of his owne courage he prouoked them thervnto Perdicas was of such boldnesse that of his owne free wil he went to the fotemen and assembling thē together laide to their charge what a heinous matter they attempted willing them to haue respecte againste whome they toke wepon in hande alledginge that they were not Persians but Macedones nor enemies but their own coūtrymen yea many of them their kinsmen or at least wyse for the most part their cōpanions in armes and partakers of their perils Wherfore they should make a goodly show to their ennemies that they might reioyce to see them kill one another by whose puissaunce they lamented them selues to be ouercome and to see them do sacrifice with their own blud to the ghostes of them that they had slain When Perdicas had with his singuler eloquence debated theese matters to the full he moued the footemen in suche wise that by a common consent he was chosen captaine general of them all Then the horsmen also beinge broughte to attonement consented to take Arideus for king reseruing a part of the kingdōe for the sonne of Alexander if any shuld be borne This did they layinge the bodye of Alerander amongst them to th entent that his maiesty mighte be as a witnesse of their decrees and ordinaunces These thynges being thus set at a stay Antipater was made regent of Ma cedone and Grece Craterus was appoynted to be hyghe tresurer The charge of the campe the hoste and matters of warfare wer committed to Meleager and Perdicas and Arideus himself was assigned to conuey Alexanders corse to the temple of Hammon Then Perdicas beinge sore displeased with the authors of the sedition sodenlye withoute knowledge of his fellow cōmaunded the next day a serche should be made in the campe for the death of the kinge When he had set all the hoste
in armour in the field by the consente of them all he called certaine seditious personnes oute of euerye bande and caused them priuelye to be put to death The whiche done he returned againe and deuided the prouinces amonge the princes to the entent he myght send out of the way suche as wer his backe frendes and al so make them all to thinke that it was throughe hys goodnesse that they obtained suche authority First of all Egipt with a part of Affricke and Arabie fell by lot vnto Ptolomy whome Alexander for his manhode and valia◅tnesse had promoted from a raskall souldioure And to pntte him in his office was appoynted Cleomenes which builded Alexandria The next prouince adioyninge thervnto which was Syria was cōmitted to Laomedō of Mytilene Phylotas his son toke Cylicia Sclauonie Ouer the greater Media was made ruler Acr◅pat ouer the lesser Alcet the brother of Perdicas The country of Susa nie was assigned to Syno the greater Phrygia vnto Antigonus the son of Philip Learchus chaunced by lot vpon Lycia and Pamphylia Cassander vpon Caria and Menan der vpon Lydia Unto Leonatus happened the lesser Phri gia vnto Lysymachus Thrace the countries bordering vpon y ◠sea of Pontus Cappadocia with Paphlagonia wer geuen vnto Emnenes The marshalship of the campe fortuned to Seleuchus the sonne of Antiochus Cassander the sonne of Antipater was made captain of the kings garde In the further Bactria and in the countries of Indie the former lieuetenants wer cōmaunded to kepe their offices stil sauing that Taxilles had the gouernaunce of all y ◠lays betwene the two riuers of Hydaspes and Indus And that Phyton the son of Agenar was sent to haue the rule of the new townes that were builded in Indie Ariarches tooke vpon him the gouernment of the Parapomenians people that inhabite the vttermost parts of the mountain Cancasus Statener toke to gouern the Dracans and Argeans Amyntas the Bactrians Scythens obtained the Sogd◅ās Nicanor the Parthians Phillip the Hyrcanians Phrataphernes the Armenians Neoptolemus the Persians Pēcestes the Babylonians Arthius the Pelasgians and Archesilaus Mesapotamia This pertition like as it chaunced to euery one of them as his fatall charge so was it vnto ma nye of them the grounde and foundation of their encreasement and prosperity For ere it was any longe time after as though they hadde deuided kingdomes and not lieuetenauntships so being made kings of lieuetenaūts they not only got greate richesse to them selues but also lefte them to their posterity While these things were a doing in the Ea◅te the Atheniens and the Aetolians renued y ◠warres in Grece withall the power they wer able to make which they had all redy begon while Alexander was aliue The occasion of this warre was because that Alexander at hys retourne from Inde wrote his letters into Grece by the whiche all suche as were banished out of their natiue coun tries of what city so euer they were suche as were attainted of murder onlye excepted were restored to their countries againe The which being openly red in the presens of all Grece at the marte of Olympus caused much busines because that diuers of them were banished not by order of law but through discord and partaking of the princes fearing y ◠if they shuld be reuoked again they might bear grea ter sway autority in the common welth thē they Whervpon euen then many cities murmured saying opely that it wer mete to set them selues at liberty by the sword But the chefe doers and ringleaders in this quarell wer the Atheniens and the actolians Wherof assone as alexander had knowledge he enioyned his confederates to finde hym a thousande gallies to make warre withall in the West pur posing by the way to make a rhode againste athens and to destroy it vtterly The atheniens therfore hauinge raysed an army of thirty thousande souldiers two hūdred ships made warre with Antipater to whome the gouernmente of Grece fel by lot whom for as much as he durst not geue them battel in the field but kept himself within the walles of the city Hiraclea they besieged The very same time De mosthenes the orator of athens who beinge before banished his country for his offence in taking a bribe of Harpa lus that fled for fear of alexanders crueltye because he had moued the city to warre againste him by chaunce liued as an outlaw at Megara hearing that the atheniens had sent Hyperides of ambassade to moue the Pelopomiesians to take their part in these warres folowed him and with hys eloquens perswaded Sycion argos and Corinthe and all the other cities to ioyne them selues with the atheniens For the which his doing the Atheniens sent a ship for him and called him home out of exile In the meane season at the siege of Antipater Leosthenes captaine of the Atheniens was slaine wyth a Darte throwne at him from the wall as he passed by The which thinge gaue suche encouragemente to Antipater that he burste open his barriers and aduenture into the Trenche of his enemies Neuerthelesse he was fain to send his messengers to Leonatus for succour The Atheniens hearing that he was comminge towarde them with an hoste went to meete him in order of battell where amonge the horsemen he receiued so sore a wounde that he died for thwyth Antipater allbeit he sawe his reskowes put to flyghte yet notwithstanding he was gladde that Leonatus was dead For by meanes therof he was bothe rid of a backe frende and also encreased in strengthe by attaininge of his hoste Therfore assone as he had receiued his armye being nowe able to matche with his ennemies in plaine field they raised their siege and he departed into Macedone The Grekishe hoste also hauinge driuen the enemy oute of the borders of Grece went home euerye man to his owne citye In the meane while Perdicas making warre againste the innocent Ariarathes king of Cappadocia and gettinge the vpper hand in the field won nothing therby but woundes and pearils For his enemies retiring out of the battel into the city slue their wiues and children and set their houses and all that euer they had on fire Moreouer when they had throwen there into all theyr richesse they caste them selues also hedlong after them to the entent their enemy hauing gotten the victory shoulde enioy nothing of theirs more then the beholdyng of y ◠fire After this to th entent that to thestablishment of his strēgth he might get himself thautority of a king he entended to mary Cleopatra the sister of great Alexander and some time the wife of the other Alexander not without the con sent of her mother Olympias But first of al he coueted to surprise antipater vnder pretence of ioyninge aliaunce with him And therfore he pretended to desire his Daughter in mariage to th entent he might the more easly obtain a sup plement of yong souldiers oute of
they named Sydon For the Phenicians call a Fyshe Sydon Manye yeares after being subdued by the king of the Ascalonites they tooke shippinge and arrâ—…ued in the same place where they builded Tire which was done the yore before the destruction of Troye There they were oftentimes and diuersly assaâ—…ed with warres by the Persyans but euer they had the vpper hand But when theyr power was once wasted theyr bondmen aboundinge in multytude and noumber delt out â—…giouslye and cruellye wyth theym For they made a conspiracye amonge them selues and killed all the fre borne people with their maysters also and so hauynge the citye at wyll they entered possessyon in their maisters houses they inuaded the common weale they maried wiues and that whiche they theym selues neuer were they begatte free children There was one among so manye thousand slaues who being of a meke and honest nature for pity of the fortune of thold man his master and his yong sonne did not of beastly cruelty murther them but of mercyfull compassion and manhode saued them Wherefore when as he had hid them out of the waye as if they had beene slaine and that the bondmen consulting vpon the estate of the common weale thought it good to create theym a kinge of theyr owne corporation and him in especially to be the person as a man most acceptable to the Gods that first should see the sunne rising he declared the matter secreatly to his master Strato for y â— was his name where he lay hid in a corner Being by him sufficientlye instructed what to dod when they were all assembled into the field by midnight whiles all the reast stoode gapynge into the East he only alone looked aduisedly into the west At the 〈◊〉 all the resydue thoughte it a madnesse to looke for the rysinge of the Sunne into the West But assone as the day began to breake and the East beganne to glister vppon the hyghest toppes and pynnacles of the toures and temples of the Citye while all the other gased for to see the Globe of the Sunne he 〈◊〉 of all syewed vnto them all the brightnesse of the Sunne shynâ—…ge vpon the toppe of the Citye this seemed to be doone of a greater reason then was in a sâ—…aues heade Wherevppon they enqutred who gaue hym the counsell and be coâ—…essed as touching his master Then it was perceiued what difference there is betwene the wit of a slaue and the wit of a gentleman and that 〈◊〉 excell in maltce but not in wisdome Therefore the old man and his sonne were pardoned and forasmuche as they thoâ—…ght theym to be preserued by the deuine 〈◊〉 of God they created Strato kinge After whose decease the kingdome descended to his sonne and so forth to his posteritye This was a notable aâ—… of the slames and a terrâ—…le example to the whole worlde Wherfore Aleraâ—… he great when as a long time after he made warre in tâ—…e East as a reuenger of the common tranquillity hauing wonne theâ—… Citye perforce al of them that remained after the battel in remembraunce of the murther doone in olde time by their predecessours he crucified Only the kinred of Stâ—… he preserued vnuiolated and restored the kyngdome to hys of spryng makynge newe inhabitauntes that were free 〈◊〉 and vndefiled wyth the like offence in the Ilande to the 〈◊〉 that the seruile seede and slyppe being vtterly roted oute the ofspring of the Citye mighte be as it were planted of new again The Tyrians therfore being in this wyse by the meanes of Alexander newe founded throughe they owne sparing and trauell in getting grew stâ—…oÌ„g agayne wythin a short space Before the siaughter of the masters when they abounded 〈◊〉 in richesse and in noumber of menne they sent a company of youth into Affricke and â—…ded Utâ—…a when as in the meane while the kinge of Tire deceased ordayninge for his heires his sonne Pygmalion and his daughter Elisa a mayde of very excellent beauty But the people deliuered the kingdome to Pygmalion beinge a verye childe Elisa also was marryed to her vncle Sycheus the prieste of Hercules the whiche Rome is of greatest honoure next vnto the kynge Thys manne hadde greate richesse but no manne knewe wher they were and for feare of the kinge he had hidden hys golde not in houses but in the grounde The whiche thinge though men knew not of certaintye yet it was commonlye so reported with the whyche brute Pygmalion being incensed forgetting all bonde of nature and humanity without any respect of godlynesse killed his vncle being also his brother in lâ—…e 〈◊〉 dâ—…sting her brother a greate while after for doynge of thys wicked acte at the last dissemblinge her inwarde hatred and bearinge a faire countenaunce towardes hym for the tyme practised priuely to flye away and takinge into her companye certaine of the noble men whom she knew to beare like hatred to the kinge and to haue like desyre of flyinge away she came to her brother with a pollicye she fained that she would remoue out of her owne house and come dwell with him to the entent the sighte of her husbandes house should not continually renewe her sorowe and mourninge for him whiche she coueted to forget and to the entent the bitter remembraunce of him should not any more ware before her eies Pygmalion was wel contented to hear his sister say those words because he thought she wold bring her husband Sycheus gold with her But Elisa caused the kinges seruaunts that wer lent her to help to remoue her stuffe to goo into shippes and car â–ª her richesse with them in the shutting in of the euening and when she had them a good waye from the shore she compelled them to throwe certain bagges and cofers ful of sande into the sea making them beleue it was monye Then she her selfe weping with piteous veyce besought her husband Sycheus willingly to receiue his own richesse which he had lefte behinde him and that he woulde take them for an offeringe like as they had beene the cause of his death Which doone she turned her self to the kinges seruauntes â–ª sayinge the time was come that she herselfe should receiue the death that she so sore had longe before desired and that they should abide bitter tormentes and greuous punishmentes because they had made away the richesse of her husbande Sycheus for couetousnesse of the which the king committed murther that he myghte not haue them to satisfy his gredy appetite wythal WheÌ„ she hadde put them all in this feare they were contented to beare her company in her flighte and to goo awaye with her Moreouer a great nomber of the nobility beynge in readinesse for the same purpose set forth with her and so hauing made sacrifice againe vnto Hercules whose Priest Sycheus was they forsoke their countrye to get theÌ„ a new dwelling place The first lande that they arriued at was the Isle of Cyprus where as the priest of â—…piter wyth hys
certain of his most trusty frends exhorted them to the deliuerance of their country from bondage When he perceiued how they stoke to put them selues in daunger for the sauegard of the whole realme and that they demaunded leisure to take aduysement in the matter he called his seruaunts to him commaunding them to lock in the dores and to bear word to the Tirant that he shuld send immediatly to his house to apprehend traitors that had coÌ„spired against him threatning vnto each of them that seing he could not be the author of deliueraunce of his country he wold at least wise finde the meanes to be reuenged vppon them for wythdrawing their helpe from it Then they being circumâ—…ted with the doutful danger chuâ—…ing the honeâ—…er way of both sware the death of the Tyrant and so Aristotimus was dispatched the fifth moneth after he had vsurped the kingdome In the meane season Antigonus beinge wrapped in many warres at ones bothe of king Ptolomy and the Spartanes besides the hoste of the Frenche grekes which newly became his enemies left a few souldioures in his campe for a shew against the other two and went himself with his whole power against the Frenche men The French men hearinge therof made them selues redy to the battel and slue sacrifice for thobtaining of good successe in that encounter By the inwardes of the which beastes perceiuing that there was toward them a great slaughter and the vtter destruction of them all they wer there vpon turned not into feare but into madnesse For in hope to pacify the wrath of the Gods by the bloudshed of theyr owne people they killed their wiues and chyldren beginning to perfourme through their own slaughter the euill lucke that was manased them by y e warres So extreme a madnesse was entred into their cruell hartes that they spared not the yonge children whome euen the enemy would haue spared but that they made deadly and mortall warre with their childreÌ„ and the mothers of them in defence of whome menne are wonte to make warres Therfore as though they had by their vnspeakeable wickednesse purchased them selues bothe lyfe and victory bloudy as they were after the freshe slaughter of theyr wiues and children they proceded into battel with as good successe as foretoken For as they were fighting the remorse of their owne consciences for their vnspeakable slaughter the ghostes of theÌ„ that they had murdered wauing before theyr â—…ies first and formost discouraged them ere they were oppressed by the enemy and so they were â—…aine euery mothers chiid There was made so great a slaughter that it shuld seme the Goddes had conspired with menne to the vttâ—…r destruction of those murderers After the good and fortunate chaunce of this battell Ptolomy and the Spartanes eschuing the victorious army of their ennemy Antigonus retired into places of saue garde and defence Antigonus when he saw they were retired while his meÌ„ wer yet freshe and couragious by reason of their late victory made warre to the Aâ—…heniens Nowe whiles he was occupied in the same in the meane time Alexander kyng of Epire coueting to reuenge the death of hys father kinge Pyrrhus inuaded the borders of Macedone Againste whome when Antigonus was retourned oute of Grece all his souldioures reuolted from him and so he lost both the kingdome of Maâ—…done and his army His sonne Demetrius being a verye childe leuyinge a power in the absence of his father not only recouered Macedone that his father had lost but also berest Alexander of his kingdom of Epire. So great was either the vnstedfastnesse of the souldiours or elsse the 〈◊〉 of fortune that kinges by course euen now banished men and anene kinges againe Alexander therfore beinge fled to the arcadians was as wel by the fauor of the Epyrotes as by the healpe of hys confederates restored into his kingdome againe Aboute the same time deceased agas kyng of Cyrene who before his last infirmity to the entent to cease and end all stryfe with his brother Ptolomy betrouthed his only daughter Beronice to his sonne But after the deathe of kinge Argas Arsinoe the mother of the maid to th entent to breke the mariage that was contracted against her wil sent for Demetrius the brother of king Antigonus out of Macedone to take vpon him the mariage of the maide and the kingdome of Cyrene who also was begotten of one of Ptolomies daughters And Demetrius made no taryaunce Therfore when as through prosperous wynde he was spedely arriued at Cyrene vpon trust of his beauty through which he began to like his mother in law to wel by and by after his comming he bare himself very proud ly and outragiously in the courte and against the men of warre and he cast his desyre of pleasing from the daughter to the mother The which thing being espted was ill taken first of the maid and also of the commoÌ„ people and of the greate noumber of the souldioures Wher vpon all mennes mindes were tourned to the sonne of Ptolomy and the deathe of Demetrius was conspired For as he was in bed with his mother in lawe men were sent in to kil him But Arsinoe when she hard the voyce of her daughter standing at the chamber dore and geuinge theÌ„ charge to spare her mother couered and defended her peramour a while with her own body Neuerthelesse he was slaine and so Beronice with safetye of her naturall loue and duty did bothe reuenge the dishonourable aduoutry committed with her mother and also followed the determination of her father in taking of her husband ¶ The. xxvii Booke AFter the decese of Antiochus king of Syria his sonne Seleucus succeding in his roume by the inâ—…igation of his mother Laodice whi che ought to haue with helde hym from doing any suche thinge began his raigne with murder For he put to death his mother in law Beronice the sister of Ptolomye king of Egipt with his little brother begotten vpon her By doing of the which wickednesse he both brought him selfe in a foule slaunder and infamye and also entangled himself in the warres of Ptolomye Furthermore when Beronice vnderstode that men were sente to kill her she kept herself close in a pleasaunt manor of her fathers called Daphnâ—… When the cities of Asia harde that she her litle sonne were there besieged in remembraunce of the dignity of her father and of her ancestors and for pitye to se her so vnworthely intreated they sent aid vnto her Her brother Ptolomy also being stirred with the pearil of his sister left his owne kingdome and came in all haste to her reskue withall the power he was able to make But Beronice before her rescowes came at her where as she could not be taken by force was surprised by pollicye and put to death It semed a cruel and horrible act to all men Wherfore when al the cities that made iniurrectyon had made a great nauy sodainly beinge
ioyned with 〈◊〉 it is an vncredible thing how greatly they encreased The enryching of the Iewes came by the reuenewes of Balme whiche groweth no where but only in their countrie For there is a certayn valey inclosed round about with continuall hylles as it were walles like vnto gardines The place conteyning two huâ—…dred thousand Acres is named Iericho In the same vale there is a wood notable bothe for the frutefulnesse and for the pleasauntnesse thereof For it is beset with date trees and balme trees The Balme trees are lyke in makyng and groweth vnto pytche trees sauyng that they be much lower and are dressed as vines are These at certeyn tymes of the yere doe swete out balme But the place is not so muche to be wondered at for the frutefulnesse as for the colenesse thereof For whereas throughout all the Clymate of that Countrie the sunne is excedyng hote there is in that place as it were a naturall warmenesse and a continuall shadowe In that countrie is a lake which for the greatnesse therof and for the vnmouable standyng of the water is called the dead sea For neyther is it moued with y â— wyndes by reason the bytumen resisteth the force of them wher with all the water is made to stand immouable neyther can it be sayled vppon bycause that all thynges wantyng lyfe synke downe to the bottom and it will not beare any substaunce onlesse it be ouerlayed with Alume Xerxes kyng of Persia fyrst subdued the Iewes Afterward they and the Persians also were brought in subiection by great Alexander and continued a longe tyme vnder the gouernaunce of the Empyre of Macedone Lastely rebellyng agaynst Demetrius by sekyng the frendshyppe and Aliance of the Romayns who at that tyme dyd cut large thonges of other mens lether they were the fyrste of all the Nacions of the East that requested lybertie Duryng the same tyme that there was such alteracioÌ„ of the kyngdome of Syria among the new kynges Attalus kyng of Asia distayned his moste florishyng kyngdome which he had receyued of his vncle Eumenes with the slaughter of his frendes and thexecucion of his kynsfolke false lye surmisyng one whyle that the olde lady his mother another while that his owne spouse Beronice were by their sorcery and enchauntmentes kylled After the committyng of this wicked and outragious crueltie he put on fylthie apparell he let his hed and his beard growe long lyke as offenders are wont to dooe in person he woulde not come abrode he would not shew himself to the people he would not make any myrthe or good chere in his house no nor pretend anie token at all of a manne that is in his right wittes so that it was not to be thought but that he punished himselfe to pacifye the Ghostes of suche as he had wrongfullie put to death There vppon leauyng the gouernement of the kyngdome he gaue himselfe to makyng of gardynes and sowed sedes settyng herbes anâ—… wedes myngled togyther all the which he woulde stepe in venemous liquors and send as a speciall present to his frendes Furthermore he gaue himselfe to the studie of Smyths craft and to founding of metalles maruelously delightyng in meltyng and casting of brasse Fynallie entendyng to make his mother a Tumbe as he was earnestlie occupied about the same he caught a Surfettâ—… by the heate of the sunne of the which he dyed within seuen dayes after By his last will he made the people of Rome his hâ—…ire But there was one Aristonicus the sonne of Eumenes not begotten in lawfull wedlocke but borne of a single woman of Ephesus the daughter of a certayn Mynstrell who after the death of Attalus toke vppon â—…im the kyngdome of Asia as yf it had ben his by right of inheritaunce When he had fought manie prospâ—…rous battelles agaynst such of the Cities as woulde not yelde themselfes vnto him for feare of the Romayns and thervppon semed now to be righfull kyng in dede Licinius Crassus the Consul was appoynted to haue the charge of Asia who hauyng more mynde of Attalus riches then of the warre by aduenture in the later end of the wynter for wante of good order and gouernaunce in the fyelde was ouercomme and with the losse of his lyfe suffered due punishement for his vnaduised rashenesse and couetousnesse In his roume was sent the Consull Perpenna who in the fyrst encounter vanquished Aristonicus and toke him prisoner and also shipped all the riches of Attalus belongyng to the Romayns by force of Legacie and conueyed them to Rome The which his successor Marcus Aquilius the Consul takyng sore to hart made al the hast and spede he could deuise to take Arystonicus perforce out of Perpennas hand as who shoulde say that he himself ought rather to haue the honor of Tryumph foâ—… vanquishyng hym But the deathe of Perpenna brake the stryfe of the Consulles and so Asia beyng made the right of the Romayns with her richesse sent also her vices vnto Rome The. xxxvii Boke AFter that Arostonicus was takeÌ„ prisoner the Massilias sent Ambassadors to Rome humblye requestyng pardon for the Phocenses their fouÌ„ders whose Citie Senate yea and name the Romaynes had geuen sentence should be vtterly rooted out bycause that bothe at that tyme and before tymes when they had warres with Antiochus the same lyke deadlie enemies had euer furthered the warre agaynste theym the which request with much sute the Massilians obteyned This done they rewarded the kynges that had ayded them agaynst Aristonicus vnto Mythridates kyng of Pontus they gaue the lesser Syria vnto the sonnes of Ariarathes kyng of Cappadocia who lost his lyfe in the same battell they gaue Licaonia and Cilicia And the people of Rome delt more faithfully with the sonnes of their confederates then the mother dyd deale with her owne children For by th one the child had his kyngdome enlarged by thother he was bereft of his lyfe For Laodice of syxe sonnes that Ariarathes had begotten by her for feare least by continuall succession in the gouernement of the kyngdome some of them mighte happen to come to mannes estate kylled fyue of them One of the yongest by the helpe of his kynred was saued from his mothers crueltie who after the death of the sayde Laodice for the people had put her to death for her crueltie enioyed the kyngdome alone Mythridates also beyng surprised by sodayne death left a sonne behynd him of his owne name who afterward grewe so great that he surmounted in estate not onely the kynges of his tyme but also all the kynges that had ben before hym and helde warres with the Romaynes syxe and fowerty yeres togither sometyme with conqueste and sometime with losse Whome the moste expert and valiant Captaynes Sylla and Lucullus with diuers others in fine â—…us Pem peius ouercame in such sorte that he still rose with greater force and prowesse to renewe the battell and by
kept more straightlie then he was before In processe of tyme when it was to be thought he would haue taryed for his chyldrens sake that he had by his wyfe accoÌ„panied with his foresayd frende he stale away agayn But euen with lyke infelicitie as before he was apprehended nere vnto the lymites of his owne kyngdome and beyng broughte backe agayn vnto the kyng was commaunded out of his presence in great displeasure Neuerthelesse beyng then also graunted his wyfe and children he was sente agayne into Hyrcanie his olde place of penaunce and was rewar ded with a payre of dyce of golde in exprobration of hys chyldishe lightnesse But this so gentle and fauorable demeanor of the Parthians towarde Demetrius proceded not of any mercie naturally engraffed in that nacion or in respect of Aliance and affynitie but bycause they coueted the kyngdome of Syria entending to vse Demetrius as an instrument agaynst his brother Antiochus accordyng as eyther the matter the tyme or the chaunce of warre should requyre Antiochus hearyng therof thoght it wysedome to preuent the warre and there vppon led his his host whiche he had hardened through manie viages and battelles agaynst his neyghboures agaynste the Parthians But he made preparacion as much for ryot as for warre For wheras he had eight hundred thousand men of warre there wer besydes thre hundred thousand others that followed the host of the which the moste part were Cokes bakers and mynstrels players of enterludes Surely of gold syluer ther was so great abundaÌ„ce that euen the coÌ„mon souldiers ware their hosen enbroydered with golde trode vnder their fete the metall for loue of which other people were wonte to fyght and kyll one another Moreouer all the furniture of kytchens wer of cleane syluer as though they had gone to banquetting and not to battell At Antiochus fyrste commyng manye kyngs of the East mette him yelded themselfes their kyngdomes vnto him vtterlie detestyng the pryde of the Parthians It was not long ere it came to thencounter Antiochus gettyng thupper hand in thre fought fieldes and thervppon winnyng Babylon by force began to be counted great By meanes whereof all countries reuolted so fast vnto him that the Parthians had nothyng left them more then the bare soyle of their owne Realme of Parthia Then Prahartes sent Demetrius into Syria with an host of Parthians to inuade the kyngdome to thintent that by that pollicie Antiochus might be enforced to withdrawe himself out of Parthia to the defence of his owne Realme In the meane whyle bycause he could not ouercom Antiochus by force he sought meanes to surprise him by pollicie Antiochus by reason he hadde such a multitude dispersed all his army into the Cyties duryng the wynter season the which thyng was his vtter vndâ—…yng For the Cyties felyng themselfes greued with victailyng of hiis hoste also with the iniurious demeanour of the souldiers reuolted agayn to the Parthians and on a day appointed for the nones all at one tyme by trayterous conspiracie set vppon the hoste as it was deuided among them seuerllie to th entent they shoulde not be able to rescowe one another when tydinges herof came to Antiochus he assembled suche as wyntered with him went to rescow them that were nerest But in his way he met with the kyng of Parthians against whome he fought more valiauntlie himself then dydde his hoste Notwithstandyng at the laste forasmuche his ennemies were of more force and courage his men for feare forsoke him and so he was slayne For whome Phrahartes made a royal herce dyd exequies after the maner of Prynces and moreouer beyng taken in loue with the daughter of Demetrius whome Antiochus had broght with him he toke her to wyfe Then it repented him that he had let go Demetrius he sent oute menne in post after him to fetche him backe But Demetrius dreadyng the same thyng before hand had made such spede that they founde him in his owne kyngdome so beyng frustrate of theire trauell expectation they returned to the kyng The. xxxix Boke AFter that Antiochus with all hs army was thus destroyed in Parthia his brother Demetrius beyng delyuered from captsuitie of the Parthians and restored to his kyngdome when as all Syria as yet mourned for the losse of the armye as though the warres that he and his brother made in Parthia in the whiche th one was taken prysoner and thother slayn had had prosperous successe he purposed to make warre in Egypt at the request of Cleopatra his wifes mother who promysed to gyue him the kyngdome of Egypte in recompence yf he would helpe to support her agaynste her brother But whyles he went about to get that that was another mans he lost his owne by meanes of a sodayne insurrection in Syria For first the Cytizens of An tioche throgh the instigacion of their Capitayne Tryfo 〈◊〉 the kynges pryde which by his conuersacion among the cruell Parthians was becomme intoierable and anone after the Apameniens with all the rest of the Cyties followyng their ensample toke occasion vpon the kynges absence and rebelled against him Ptolomy also kyng of Egypt against whome the sayd Demetrius made warre when he vnderstode that hys syster Cleopatra had shypped all hhr goods treasur and was sled into Syria to her daughter her 〈◊〉 in lawe Demetrius he suborned a certayn yong men of Egypte the son of Merchantman called Protarchus to chalenge the kyngdome of Syria by bâ—…ttell forging a pedegre as though Antiochus had adopted him into the blood royall And the Syrians cared not who were theyr kyng so they might be delyuered from the pryd of Demetrius So the yong man was proclaymed by the name of Alexander great succor was set to him oute of Egypt In the meane while the bodie of Antiochus slayne by the kyng of Parthia was sent into Syria in a coffyn of syluer to be buried the which was receyued with great reuerence by all the Cyties but chiefly by Alexander himselfe to th entent to make men oredyte the tale that he was adopted to be his heire The which his doyng wann him much fauor of the commonaltie all men thinkyng no lesse but that he ment good faith without dissimulacion in his sorowfull mournyng Demetrius beyng vanquished by Alexander and being enuyroned on all sydes with vnauoydable dauÌ„gers was at the last forsaken of his own wyfe childreÌ„ being therfore left desolate sauyng a fewe seruaunts as he was purposed to haue fled to the temple of Tyrus there to re gistre himself as a sanctuarieman yf percheunce the reue rence of the place might saue his lyfe when he went out to lande he was slayne by the commandement of the Ma ster of the shyppe The one of his sonnes whose name was Seleucus bycause he crowned himself kyng without his mothers conset was by her slayn Thother of his sonnes who for the greatnesse of his
Horodes takyng him rather for an enemie then for a brother commaunded him to be cruelly slayne before his face After this he made warre with the Romaynes and vtterlie destroyed their graund capytayâ—… Crassus with his sonne and all the Romayne hoste His sonne Paâ—…orus beyng sent to pursewe the remnaunte of the Romayne battell after that he hadde atcheued manie hault enterpryses in Syria was called home agayne as mistrusted of his father Duryng whose absence the host of the Parthians that he left behynd him in Syrta was with all the Captayne 's thereof vtterlie slayn by Cassius Lieuetenaunt of Crassus These thynges thus done not long tyme after arose the Ciuill warres betwene Cesar and Pompey in the which the Parthâ—…ans toke part with Pompey bothe for the frendshyp that was betwene them and Pompey in his warres agaynst Mythridates and also for the death of Crassus whose sonne they hearde say helde with Cesar whome they knew well ynough wold reuenge his fathers death yf Cesar should chaunce to get thupper hand Therfore after that Pompey and his adhe rentes had taken the foyle they bothe ministred ayde to Cassius and Brutus agaynste Augustus and Antonie and also after th end of the warre enteryng in leage with Labienus vnder the conduct of Pacorus they wasted Siria and Asia and moreouer gaue a proude assaulte vppon the camp of Uentidius who after Cassius in the absence of Pacorus hadde gyuen the Parthien armie an ouerthrowe But Uentidius pretendyng a counterfeact feare kept himself in a good while and suffered the Parthians for a tyme to vaunte 〈◊〉 At the length he sent out part of his host vppon them as they were mery and carelessâ—… with whose sodayne asfaulte the Parthians beyng dismayde fledde hither and thither to â—…aue themselfes Pacorâ—…s supposynge that his menne whiche were â—…led had withdrawen all the Romayne Legions after them assayled in haste the Campe of Uentidius in hope that he shoulde haue found it withoute defendantes Then Uentidius sendyng quicklie oute the residue of his Legions slewe all the whole band of the Parthians with the king Pacorus himself also Neyther dyd the Parthians at anie tyme receaue a greater losse When tydinges hereof was brought into Parthia Horodes the father of Pacorus which latelie before hearyng that the Parthians had wasted Syria and inuaded Asia had boasted that his sonne Pacorus was a conqueror of the Romayne â–ª when he ones hearde of hys death and of the slaughter of his army sodaynlie for sorrowe he fell mâ—…dde Manie dayes after he would not talk to anie man he would not take anie sustenaunce he wold not speake anie one worde in so much that a man would haue thought he had ben domme After that manie dayes were expyred when sorow had losened his tong he spake of nothyng but Pacorus he thought he sawe Pacorus he thought he heard Pacorus he woulde talke as though he had ben with him he woulde stand still as though he had stood with him and anone he would lamentably bewaile the losse of him When he had mourned thus a long season an other heauinesse came vppon the miserable olde man namelie which of his thyrtie sonnes he should ordeyne kyng in Pacorus stead He had manie concubynes of whome he begate al that youth of the which euery one makyng sute for her owne chylde dyd as it were besiege the olde mans mynd But it was the destinie of Parthia in the which it is an ordinarie custome to haue vnnaturall murderers to their kynges that the wickedest and vn graciousest of them al whose name was Phrahartes was substituted kyng Therfore as though it semed his father would not dye naturallie he forthwith kylled him put his thirtie brothers to death Neyther ceased he his slagh ter in the children For when he perceyued that the noble men hated him for his outrageous cruelti and continual workyng of mischief and that there was none that might be nominated kyng he coÌ„maunded his owne sonne who was man growen to be put to death Agaynst this man Antonie with syxtene of his strongest Legions made warre for ministeryng ayd agaynst hymself and Cesar. But he was so sore afflicted in many battels that he was fayne to flye backe oute of Parthia Through the whiche victorie Phrahartes beyng made more proude and insoleÌ„t when as he 〈◊〉 to deale cruellie in manie thynges he was dryuen into exilâ—… by his owne subiectes Wherevppon after longe and earnest sute made vnto the countries bordeâ—…yng vppon Parthia at the lengthe by muche intreatans he so perswaded the Scythians that through their ayde he was restored to his kyngdome agayne In the tyme of his absence the Parthians hadde constituted one Tyridates kyng who hearyng of the comming of the Scythians fled with a great bande of his frendes to Cesar Augustus makyng war at that tyme in Spayn bryngyng with him to Themperor the yongest sonne of Phra â—…artes for a pledge whome through the negligeÌ„ce of such as were put in trust with the kepyng of hym he had stolen away Uppon knowledge whereof Phrahartes forth with sent his Ambassadors to Cesar requiryng him to sende him home his seruaunt Tyridates and his sonne with him Themperour when he had hearde thambassadours of Phrahartes and vnderstode well the requestes of Tyridates for he also desyred to be set in possession of his kyngdome agayn assuryng that Parthia should euer after be at the commaundemente of the Romaynes yâ—… it would please him to bestowe the kyngdome vppon him answered howe he wolde neyther deliuer Tyridates into the handes of the Parthians nor yet minister ayd to Tyridates agaynst them Neuerthelesse bycause it should not seme that they had obteyned no part of their demand at Themperours hand he sent Phrahartes his sonne without raunsome and allowed Tyridates â—…onorable enterteynement to fynd him with as longe as he lysted to abyde with the Romaynes After this hauyng fynished his warres in Spayn when he came into Syria to set a stay in affayres of the East he put Phrahartes in such a feare that to th entent he should not make warre vppon Parthia all the Captiues and pri soners that wer in the Realme either of y â— army of Crassus or of th armie of Antonie wer gathered togyther and with all the baners and Antesygnes takeÌ„ at those times sent agayn to Augustus Moreouer Phrahartes gaue to Augustus his sonnes and nephewes in hostage Them peror dyd more with the onely Maiestie of his name then anie other Emperour could haue done by force of Armes The. xliii Boke Tâ—…ogus PoÌ„peius hauyng made a long discourse of the doynges of the Parthians ofy â— East and wel nye of al the whole worlde returneth as it were after a long pylgrimage home to the fondacion of the Cytie of Rome thinkyng it the part of an vnthankfull cytizen yf when he had paynted out the actes of all nacions he should speake nothyng at all of his owne
of the Mares of the great number of the races of the which in Gallice and Portyngale there are such store to be sene those so swift that not without good cause thei may seme to be conceyued by the wynde The Gallictans alledge themselfs to be Grekes by descent For after th end of the battell of Troy â–ª they say that Teucer beyng hated of his father Telamon for the death of his brother Ayax ther vppon not permitted to enter into his Realme departed to Cyprus there buylded a Cytie which he named Sala mine after the name of his natif countrie that he came fro Where hearyng of the decease of his father he returned to his countrie agayn but beyng prohibited from arri uall by Eurysaces the sonne of Ayax he arriued in Spain and toke the ground wher new Carthage standeth now From whence he remoued to Gallice ther placing himself his gaue the countrie that name For a porcion of Gallice are called 〈◊〉 a contrie moste plentifull of brasse and lead and of Uermilion which also gaue the name to the ryuer thereby Furthermore it is moste riche of Golde insomuche that diuerse tymes they ere vp cloddes of golde with the ploughe In the borders of this Countrie there is a holy hill the which it is not lawful to cut with anie yron But yf it chaunce that the earth is bro ken with thunder lightning which is a coÌ„mon thyng in those places they are permitted to gather vp the gold as a gift of God The womeÌ„ haue all the doyng in houskeping and husbandrie the men geue themselfs to warre robbyng They haue the hardest yroÌ„ that is but yet their wa ter is of more force then the yron for by temperyng y â— metall there with it is made tougher sharper neyther dooe they count any weapon good that is nor dypped eyther 〈◊〉 the riuer Bilbo or in the riuer Chalybs Wher vpon the people y â— dwell about the sayd riuer are called Chalybes are reported to haue the best yron of all others In the playnes of the Tartesians where it is reported that the Tytanes made warre 〈◊〉 the Goddes dwelled some tyme the Curettes an auncient kyng of the which people named Gargoris fyrst inueÌ„ted the maner to gather hony This man perceiuyng that his daughter had played the miswoman for shame of her wicked dede atteÌ„pted diuers wayes to haue destroyed the chylde But through good for tune he was preserued from al those daungers and at the length for coÌ„passion of so many perils was created kyng Fyrst of all wheÌ„ he had coÌ„maunded him to be cast away certayn dayes after hadde sent to seke his bodie he was found nourished with the milke of sundrie wylde beastes Secondlie when he was brought home he commaunded him to be layd in a narrow path where cattell wer wont to go through surelie he was verie cruell that wold haue his nephewe rather troden to death then simply kylled There also perceiuyng he lay vnhurt not vnfed he caâ—… sed him to be cast fyrst to hungry dogges that he â—…adde pyned from meate many dayes before for the nones afterwardes also to Swyne Finally when they not onely dyd him no harme but also some of them gaue him sucke last of all he had throwe him into the sea Then as it were by the open and manifest prouidence of God among the ragyng sourges and the wallowyng waues as though he had ben â—…aried in a ship and not in the streame the calme sea bare him vp aloâ—…t brought him softlie to shore By and by came a hynde and gaue him sucke Wherevppoâ—… by kepyng companie with his nourice the childe became excedyng swift of foote kept in the mountaynes and forestes among the herdes of red dere as swift a fote as the wightest of them At the lengthe beynge ouerthrowen in a toyle taken he was presented to the kyng for a gift Ther by reason of his stature makyng wherin he much resembled the kyng by certayn markes that wer groweÌ„ in the chylde from his byrth the kyng knew him to be his nephâ—…w And bycause he hadde so wonderfullie escaped so many perillous chaunces he proclaymed him heyre successor of his kingdome His name was called 〈◊〉 who after that he had taken the crowne vppon him became a Prince of such Maiesty that men thoght it was not for no thyng that he was so preserued by the prouidence God froÌ„ so many perilles For he fyrst ordeyned lawes to kepe the sauage people in good order conuersacion one with another He fyrst taught them to breake oxen to the ploughe and to tyll so we the ground he fyrst for 〈◊〉 of such thynges as he had suffered himself caused men to for sake their 〈◊〉 meates to fede vpon better The chan ces of this man might seme to be but a fable yf the buylders of Rome had not ben nourished by a wolfe and Cyrus kyng of Persia nourished of a bytch This maÌ„ forbad the people all seruill occupacions diuided the commons into sâ—…uen cities After the death of Habis the kyngdome remayned in his posteritie itie many hundred yeres In another part of Spayn which consisteth of Isles GerioÌ„ was kyng in the which part there is so great plentie of swete pasture that onles the cattell were kept hungry and not suffered to fede their fyll their bellies wold brust In the same place wer the cattel of Gerion wherin at those daies mens substaunce did chiefly consyst which wer of so great fame that Hercules allured with the richnes of the botie came out of Asia thither Moreouer GerioÌ„ was not triple as the fables report but three brothers which accorded so frendly one with another y â— it semed as though one soule one mynde ruled theÌ„ all thre Neyther dyd they of they re owne motion make warre vpon Hercules but wheÌ„ they sawe their cattell driuen away they soughte with him for the recouering of theÌ„ After that y â— kings ceased in Spain the Carthaginenses fyrst toke vpoÌ„ theÌ„ the Dominion and rule of the contrie For when the Gaditanes coÌ„maunded so to doe in a dreame had brought from Tyrus out of the which Cytie the Carthaginenses hadde also their begynnyng the sacred Ceremonies of Hercules into Spayn there builded a cytie throughâ—… the malice of the people of Spain their next neybors enuying theÌ„creasment of their new city thervpoÌ„ infestyng the Gaditanes with warre they sent to their kynsmen the Carthaginenses for helpe Who hauyng a prosperous iourney bothe defended the Gaditanes from takyng wrong also subdued the more part of the countrie vnder their dominiâ—…n Afterward also encouraged by the fortunate successe of their fyrst viage they sent Hamilcar as granndcapitayn with a great host to coÌ„quer the whole Realme Who hauyng atcheued many hault enterprises whiles he followed his good lucke without aduisemeÌ„t was
is no more abased thereby then should the vertue of a precious stone by settyng it in brasse or yron or by carying it in a closur of Leather If any errours haue escaped me in the doyng herof as I doe not thynke but that some thynges worthie to be corrected may haue escaped my hande I desyre the lerned Reader as well to admonishe me frendly of myne errour as also to put his helpyng hand to thamendmeÌ„t of the same In doyng wherof as he shal greatly benefyte others so let him assure himself he cannot doe me a greater pleasure nor a higher frendshippe And thus wishyng that my trauell and labour in doyng hereof may turne to thy commoditie and profyte I bid the Fare well The Succession of the kinges of the three Monarchies mencioned in this Booke taken out of 〈◊〉 Berosus and Megasthenes ¶ The first Monarchie of 〈◊〉 1. NInus the Son of 〈◊〉 Belus the first Emperour of Assiâ—…ia reigned 〈◊〉 yeres 2. 〈◊〉 wyfe of the sayo Ninus 〈◊〉 yeres 3 〈◊〉 Nineas other wise cal led 〈◊〉 sonne of the foresaid Ninus and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 yeres 4 Artus xxx yeres 5 Aralius xl yeres 6 Baleus 〈◊〉 xxx yeres 7 〈◊〉 xxxvlii yeres 8 Belothus the priest of Baal xxxv yeres 9 Baleus lii yeres 10 〈◊〉 xxxii yeres 11 Mamytus xxx yeres 12 Manealeus xxx yeres 13 Sterus or Pherus xx yeres 14 〈◊〉 xxx yeres 15 〈◊〉 xl yeres 16 Ascatades xl yeres 17 〈◊〉 xlv yeres 18 Belothus xxv yeres 19 Bellopares xxx yeres 20 Lamprydes xxxii yeres 21 Sosares xx yeres 22 Lampares xxx yeres 23 〈◊〉 xiv yeres 24 〈◊〉 xix yeres 25 Mytreus xxvii yeres 26 Tautanes xxxii yeres 27 Tautens xl yeres 28 Tineus xxx yeres 29 Dercilius xl yeres 30 Eupalus xxxviii yeres 31 〈◊〉 xlv yeâ—…es 32 〈◊〉 xxx yeres 33 Ophrateus â–ª xx yeres 34 Ophratanes l. 〈◊〉 35 Ocrasapes xlii yeres 36 Tonos Concoleros at Sarâ—…a napolis xx yeres This Empyre continued M. C C. xxix yeres The second Monarchie of the Medians and Persianâ—… The Medee 1 〈◊〉 xxviii yeres 2 Mandanes l. yeres 3 Sosarmon xxx yeres 4 〈◊〉 â–ª l. yeres 5 〈◊〉 xxii yeres 6 Arcens xl yeres 7 Artines xxii yeres 8 Astybares xx yeres 9 Astyages xxx yeres The kynges of Mâ—…dia held the Empyre Clxxxxii yeres The Persians 1 â—…yrus xxx yeres 2 〈◊〉 vii yâ—…res v. 〈◊〉 3 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â—…pers vii 〈◊〉 4 Darius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 5 〈◊〉 xx 〈◊〉 6 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vii monthes 7 〈◊〉 loÌ„gimanus xl 〈◊〉 8 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 9 〈◊〉 viii 〈◊〉 10 Darius the 〈◊〉 xix yeres 11 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â–ª xl 〈◊〉 12 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 yeres 13 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 yeres 14 〈◊〉 the sonâ—…e of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Codoâ—… vi yeres The kynges of Persia held Thempyrs CC. xxx yeres and. v. monthes The seconde Monarchie of the Medes and Persians endured 〈◊〉 yeres v. months The third Monarchie of the Macedones 1. AlexaÌ„der the great after whose death his kyngdome was â—…ded among his noble meÌ„ xii yâ—… 2. Aridens vii yeres 3. Cassander xviii yeres 4 Antipater AlexaÌ„d iiii yeres 5 Demetrius vi yeres 6 Pyâ—…rhus vi monthes 7 Lysimachus v. yeres 8 Ptolomeus Ceramicus i. yere 9 〈◊〉 ii months 10 Antipater 〈◊〉 yere 11 Sosthenes ii yeres 12 Antigonus 〈◊〉 xxxvi ye 13 〈◊〉 x. yeres 14 Antigonus xv yeres 15 Phylip. xlii yeres 16 Perses the last kyng x. yeres Th eÌ„pyre of Macedone lasteth with Alexander 〈◊〉 yeres viii montheâ—… The kynges of Asia Antigonus xviii yeres Demetrius 〈◊〉 xvii ye The kynges of Syria 〈◊〉 Nicanor xxxii yer The kynges of Syria and Asia Antiochus Soter xliiii yeres Antiochus Theos xv yeres Sileucus callinicus xx yeres 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 iii. yeres Antiochus the greaâ—…e xxxvi 〈◊〉 Seleucus 〈◊〉 xii yeres 〈◊〉 Epiphanes xi yeres 〈◊〉 Eupater ii yeres 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 xxii yeres Alexander x. yeres 〈◊〉 iii. yeres 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ix yeres 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 iiii yeres Antiochus 〈◊〉 xxi yeres Anciochus 〈◊〉 xviii yer Phylyppe ii yeres The kyngdome of Syria endured 〈◊〉 lxxxix 〈◊〉 The kynges of Egypt Ptolomeus the son of Lagus xl ys Ptolomeus 〈◊〉 hus lviii y Ptolomeus Euergetes xxvi yer Ptolomeus Philopater xvii yeres Ptolomeus Epiphanes xxiiii yer Ptolomeus 〈◊〉 xx yeres Ptolomeus phiscoÌ„ al. 〈◊〉 xvii y. 〈◊〉 Alexander x. yeres Ptolomeus Lathyrus viii 〈◊〉 Ptolomeus 〈◊〉 xxx 〈◊〉 Cleopatra xxii yeres Th empyre of Egypt 〈◊〉 after Alexander 〈◊〉 lxxxviii yeres The Monarchie of Alexander continued in altogyther 〈◊〉 yeres FINIS The Contentes of the. xliiii Bookes of Iustine The contentes of the syrst Booke NInus layeth the â—…ondacion of the Monarchie of Assyria 〈◊〉 conterfayteth herself to be a man buildeth Babylon conquereth Ethiope 〈◊〉 warre against Inde and is slayne by her son Ninus Saâ—… danapolis is deposed for his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and with his lyfe endeth th empyre of Assyria Arbactus translateth th empyre to the Medes 〈◊〉 causeth Cyrus to be cast away as sone as he is borne he is 〈◊〉 by the prouideÌ„ce of God Harpagus loseth his sonne for the same Syrus ouercoÌ„mâ—… 〈◊〉 ges and translateth th empyre from the Medes to the Persians Babylon rebelleth and is subdued Cresus is taken prisoner hys realâ—…e brought to miserable subieccion Candaules throughe his owne â—…oliy is slayne by Gyges who enioyeth the kingdome for his 〈◊〉 Cyrus with two huÌ„dred thouand Persians is slayn by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Massagettes His 〈◊〉 cambyses succedeth he conqueâ—…h Egypt commaundeth his brother Sinerdes to be murdâ—… and is slayne with his owne sworde Comaris 〈◊〉 stes 〈◊〉 Orthanes boutteth out their treason Seuen of the noble men consâ—…e their deathes Darius is made king by the neyng of his horse he 〈◊〉 kyng Cyrus daughter recouereth Babylon by the helpe of 〈◊〉 and prepareth warre agaynst the Scithians The contentes of the second Boke THe Scyâ—…thians and Egyptians contende for thantiquitie of their countries The descriptâ—…on of 〈◊〉 with the maners and customes of the people their fortunate enterprises the Empyres founded by them Plynos and Scolopythus are dryuen out of Scythia with a great number of youthe and are slayne by a 〈◊〉 their wifes reueng their deathes and set vp th empyre of â—…mazone The maners and customes of the Amazones the succession of 〈◊〉 Quenes of Amazonie Hercules exchaâ—…geth Menalyppe for the Quenes arâ—…or Penthesilea coydeth the Troyans agaynst the Grekes Thalestris hauyng obtayned the companie of great Alexander returneth and dyeth â–ª with whome the name of Amazons de cayeth The Scythians are receyued wiâ—…h warre by their â—…men Darius warreth vppon them and flyeth shametully he coÌ„quereth Asia and Macedone and vendeth himself agaynst the Atheniens Thoriginall of Thatheâ—…ens their inâ—…utions the succession of their kynges the chaunge of their gouernment the â—…wes of Soâ—…on and his pollicie Pysistratus vsurpeth Hyppias is deposed and flyeth to Darius the notable battell of Marathon wherin Hippias is slayn Darius dyeth Xerxes succedeth he reneweth the warres agaynst Greâ—… and is ouercome the notable prowesse of Leonidas Xerxes retyreth fearfully and dishonorablye
into hys kyngdome Mardonius is vanquished in Beotia Them istocles hath the pro rogatiue for his prowesse Athens is buylded agayn the Lacedemo nians make warre vppon the Persians Pausanias is condemned of treason Xerxes proclaymeth open warre agayn agaynst Grece he is ouercomme by Cymo duke of Athenes bothe on sea and land and returneth into his kyngdome The conteyntes of the thyrd Boke XErxes and his sonnes are slayne by the treason of Artabanus Artaxâ—…xes reuengeth the death of his father The Lacedemonians and Thatheniens fall at varians Lycurgus maketh lawes willyngly vannisheth hymself the Lacedemonians make warre vppon the Messeniens the Partheniens place themselfs at Tarent in Italy Messene rebelleth and is subdued warre is renued betwene the Lacedemonians and Thatheniens the Lacedemonians breake the truce the notable demeanor of Pericles truce is taken agayn and broken by the Lacedemonians The conteyntes of the fowerth Boke THe description of Sycill with the wonders therof â—…olus taketh vppon him the crowne of the same after whome euery eytie hath his Tyrrant among whome Anaxilaus contendeth agaynst thothers crueltie with Iustice and Equitie The men of Rhegium are cruelly dispossessed of their Cytie by their con â—…ederates The Cathanenses and Syracusans fall at debate the Athentens ayde the Catanenses truce is taken broken by the Syracusans Ahatheniens succor the Catanenses agayne 〈◊〉 rescoweth Syracuse vanquisheth the Atheniens bothe by sea and by lande and vtterlie destroyeth bothe their men and shyppes The contyentes of the fyft Boke ALâ—…ibiades willyngly bannisheth himself and compelleth the kyng of Lacedemon to warre vpon ThathenieÌ„s the which Darius kyng of Persia furthereth also 〈◊〉 causeth the cyties oâ—… Asia to reuolte from Thathentens the Lacede monians lye in wayt to kyll him he escapeth by the admonition of the wyfe of kyng Agis and flyeth to 〈◊〉 kyng Darius lyeuetenaunt in Lydia whome he withdraweth from the Lacedemonians the Ambassadors of Athens come vnto him he is reuoked into his countrie and made admirall he ouercommeth the Lacedemonians and is ioyfully receyued of his Cytizens he receyueth a losse by ouâ—…rsyght and bannisheth himself agayn 〈◊〉 are brought to vtter distresse Conon their Captayn flyeth to Cyprus the cytie is yelded vp to the Lacedemonians thyrty Tyrants haue the gouernaunce therof Darius kynge of Persia dyeth Dionyse the yonger is expulsed oute of Sycill Alâ—…biades is burned in hys lodgyng 〈◊〉 expulseth the xxx 〈◊〉 tenne others are placâ—…d in their stead â–ª Pauianias kyng of Lacedeuion commaun deth them out of the cytie and gyueth peace to the Atheniens the Tyraunâ—…s makyng warre agaynste Athenes are taken and put to death Artaxerxes sucâ—…edeth hys father Darius in y â— Persian kingdome Cyrus rebelieth agaynst his brothâ—…r Aâ—…xerxes and is slain the Grekâ—… that came to his ayde returne into their countrye vnvanquished The contentes of the syxte Booke THe Lacedemonians couet Th empyre of Asia â—…nes is displaced of his office of Lieuetenauntship Conon of Athenes is made Admyrall of the Persian flete the Lacedemonians send for ayde into Egypte 〈◊〉 is sent agaynst Conon Conon ouercommeth Lysander vppon the sea Athens is set at lybertie agayn Epamynondas ouercommeth the â—…a cedemonians and sleath Lysander Agesyiaus wresteth the victory from the Thebanes the Atheniens sende Iphicrates with an host to chayd of the Thebans y e Lacedemonians are broght to 〈◊〉 dispayre Conon is receyued with great ioye of his cytizens Athenes is repayred Aâ—…axerxes proclaymeth a generall peace through all Grece and setteth all the cyties at lybertie he maketh warre against Egypt Rome is taken by the Frenchmen warre ryseth betwene the Lacedemonians and Arcadians and is ceased of their owne accord Epamynondas Duke of Thebes inuaded Lacedemon and is repulsed by the olde menne Agesylaus encountereth with hym Epaminondas is slayne with whome the prowesse of the Grekes decayeth The conteintes of the seuenth Boke HE entreateth of 〈◊〉 and of the kynges thereof â—…ranus followyng a herd of goates wynneth the cyâ—…ie Edyssa he turneth the name therof maketh it the head of Macedone and subdueth diuers kyngs after him 〈◊〉 Perdicas and prophecieth of his posteritie Argeus taketh his place and 〈◊〉 the crown to his son Europâ—… the Macedones ouercome the Illyrians 〈◊〉 succedeth whose son Alexander kylleth the Persian Ambassadors sent by Darius of whome mencion is made in the fyrst and seconde bokes Bubares marryeth Alexanders syster Amynthas succedeth Alexander the mother kylleth her owne children Philyp is brought vp at Thebes and afterward he is crowned kyng he vanquisheth his borderâ—…rs conquereth the â—…ens maryeth Olympias the mother of great Alexander winneth Methone The contentes of the eyght Boke THe Lacedemonians Phocenses are condemned in a great sum of mony the Phocenses robbe the Temple of Delphos Philip is chosen Captayn generall agaynste them and vanquisheth them the which beyng doone he spoyleth the Thebanes whome he came to defend he stealeth the kyngdome of Cappadocia destroeth Olynthe in Thrace inâ—…th the goldmynes in Chessaâ—… the syluet â—…es in Thrace spoyleth the two kyngs of Thrace of their kyngdome maketh peace with Chateâ—…ens geueth sâ—…le aunswers to Chaâ—… of Grece breaketh premis with the Phocenses remoueth whole nacions and Cyties from countrie to countrie sâ—…th the Dardamerans dâ—…seth Arymba kyng of Eâ—…yre geuyng the kyngdo me to Alexander the brother of his 〈◊〉 Olympsas The contentes of the nynethe Boke PHâ—… besiegeth Constantinople duryng the which he wiâ—… neth many cyties â—…f Chersonesus feighteth vnprosperously agaynst the Tryballes he maketh warre to the â—…niens wynneth the Soueranity of Grece executeth strâ—…ghte Iustice vppon the Thebanes somoneth a Parlament at Cormthe prepateth for warre astaynst the Persians is sâ—…ayne by Pausâ—…ras at his daughters maâ—…ge The description of his nature and condicions with a comparison betwene him and his sonne Alexander The contentes of the tenthe Boke THe natural affection of Artaxerxes Mnemon toward his sonne Darius his treason against his father y â— punishmeÌ„t of Darius his fyfty brothers the cruelty of Ochus the prowesse of Codoman for the which he is created kyng by the name of Daius The conteyntes of the eleuenth Boke THe disquietnesse of the Macedones after the death of Phylype the whiche Alexander appeaseth Alexander putteth his kynsfelke to death suppressed rebellioÌ„s goeth forward with the warres that his father purposed againste the Persians â–ª pardoneth the Atheniens 〈◊〉 Thebes entereth into Asia vanâ—… 〈◊〉 ouercommeth diuers of his Lieuetenantes goeth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cytie 〈◊〉 and vntyeth the knot of the wayne a digression to thaâ—…yres and the kynges of Phrygia Alexander maketh haste to Châ—…us in Cilicia is reâ—…ered of a daungerous disease ouercommeth Darius agayne taketh the mother wyfe and daughters of Darius prysoners maryeth one of his prisoners called Barsiue sendeth Parmenio to inuade the â—…ersian flete and other of his noble 〈◊〉 to receyue the Cyties of Asia maketh abdolominus a kyng of a Gardiner winneth the 〈◊〉 Cyrus perforce goeth to
the temple of Haâ—…o in Egypt â–ª buyldeth the cytie Alexandria receyueth letters twyse from Darius and replyeth to thesame mourneth for the death of Darius wyse 〈◊〉 the thyrd letter from 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 thereunto 〈◊〉 Darius and 〈◊〉 the Monarchie of the 〈◊〉 with th empyre of Asia rewardeth his souldiers and fyndeth â—…eadyng riches in the cytie 〈◊〉 Da rius is bounde by his â—…wne 〈◊〉 found by a souldier half dead and sore wounded 〈◊〉 whome he 〈◊〉 his mynde and dyeth and Alexander causeth him to be 〈◊〉 accordyng to his estate The conteyntes of the twelueth Boke ALexander buryeth his souldiours sumptuously Agis kyng of 〈◊〉 maketh insurreccion in Grece and is 〈◊〉 â–ª Alâ—…xander kyng of Epyre warreth in Italy is 〈◊〉 to death â—…yron with his hoste is slayn by the Scythâ—…s Alexanders souldiours beyng in Parthia desyre to returne home he subdueth Hyrcanie and the mardes Thalestris Quene of â—…hamazones companyeth with Alexander he vsurpeth the maners of the Persians frequenteth feastyng licenceth his souldiers to mary their prysoners outrageth agaynst his noble menne conquereth the people that inhabite the foote of Cancasus in the which tyme Bessus that kylled Darius is brought bounde vnto him whome he deliuereth to be punished to Oxatres the brother of Darius he buyldeth Alexandria vppon Tanais kylleth Clytus at the table falleth in great dispayre for the same receyueth countries by composicion putteth Calisthenes and other noble men to death gyueth his souldiers syluer Bucklars entereth into Inde where a Quene called Cleophis yeldyng herself and her kyngdome vnto him recepueth it agayne at his hande ouercommeth kyng Porus. buyldeth two cyties subdueth fowâ—… Nacions is desyred by his souldieurs agayne to return home vanquisheth the Euâ—…ytes â—…ceyueth by coÌ„posicion the Gessones Asybanes conquereth the Ambres SycaÌ„bres is sore wounded in the citie of y â— Dpydrakes preserueth his host from poysoned woundes by thadmonishment of a dreame buyâ—…deth a Cytie in the mouthe of the ryuer Indus returneth to Babylon putteth the Lieuetenauntes of diuers countries to deathe punisheth a 〈◊〉 among his souldiers mourneth for the death of 〈◊〉 on enterteyneth thambassadours of Carthage Spayne Fraunce c. is poysoned by Antipater comforteth his souldiers makyng 〈◊〉 tumult for his death deliuereth his ryng to Perdiccas and dyeâ—… The contentes of the thirtenth Boke THe mother of Darius dyeth for sorrowe Aridens is made kyng th empyre is dâ—…utded among the noblemen of Alexander Thatheniens and Aâ—…tolians dryue â—…ntypater oute of Grece Perdiccas makeâ—…h warre agaynst 〈◊〉 kyng of Cappadocia the noblemen of Macedone fal at varians among themselfs the foundacion of the cytie 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 Perdiccas is hated for his pryâ—… and Eumenes wynneth two fieldes â–ª The contentes of the fourtenth Boke EUmenes preuenteth the policies of his enemies he is beseged by Aâ—…tigonus rescowed by Antipater resorteth to the Aâ—…gyraspides for succor is ouer come by Antigonus and is betrayed by his owne souldiers Cassander is made Regent of Grece the Lacedemonians enclose their Cytie with a wal Eurydice and Arideus are slayne at the commaundement of Olympias Cassander lykewyse putteth Olympias to death and â—…prysoneth the sonne of Alexander The conteyntes of the xv Boke THe Conquerours fall at debate for partyng of the pray the Abderties are dryuen out of their countrey with frogges myce Cassander putâ—…eth the sonnes of Alexander to death Ptolomy is vanquished on the sea by Demetrius Alexanders Lieuetenauntes proclay me theâ—…es kynges Lysymachus taketh part with Cassander agaynst Antigonus a discourse of the doynges of the sayde Lysimachus the wonderfull 〈◊〉 of Seleucuâ—… with his par takyng agaynst Antigonus and his conquestes in the East Sandrocotte deliuâ—…th the Indians from the subiection of Macedone and oppressed them with Tyrannie himself â–ª Antigonus is slayne his son Demetrius put to flight the Conquerors â—…al at barâ—…ans agayne among themselues and Cassander dyeth The conteyntes of the. xvi Boke â–ª THabominable murder of Antipater the sonne of 〈◊〉 for the which his brother Alexander proclayâ—…th warre agaynste him Demetrius slayeth Alexander and vsurpeth his part of Macedone Lysimachus yeldâ—…h vnto him the porcion of Antipater also Ptolomy Lysimachus Seleucus Pyrrhus yoine themselfes in league agaynst Demetrius Pyrrhus dryueth Demetrius oute of Macedone Lysimachus putteth his son in law Antipater to death in whome the house of Cassander is extincted Demetrius yeld â–ª th himself prisoner to Seleucus Ptolomy dieth debate falleth betweÌ„ Lysimachus Pyrâ—… he expulsâ—…th Pyrthus out of Macedone â–ª the buyldyng of the Cytie Heraciea in Ponâ—…us the gâ—…es of the Heracleans their courâ—…e towarde their enemies their miserable oppression by tyrannie the bolde enterpryse of Chion and Leonides and the death of them The conteyntes of the. xvii Boke THe horrible Earthquake in Hellesponte and Chersonesus the crueltie of Lysimachus to his owne children by thinstigacion of their â—…tepmother Arsyrice the last warre betwene the succâ—…ssoro of Alexander wherein 〈◊〉 is slayn by Seleucus who also within a while after is slayne by Ptolomy the kynges brother of Egypt Pyrrhus aydâ—…th the â—…tynes agaynst the Romaynes a discourse of the Realme of Epyre with a declaracion of thactes of the kynges thereof The contentes of the. xviii Booke PYrrhus 〈◊〉 the Romayns Mage Duke of Carthagbryngeâ—…h ayd to them and is sent home agayne the Romayues take a truce with Pyrrhus the whiche is â—…ynged by Appius Claudius â–ª Pyrâ—…us takâ—…th vppon him the kyngdome of Syâ—…l the foundacion of Sydon and Tyre with a declaracion of thâ—…re Histories Dydo buyldeth Carthage and sleath herself The Carthaginenses 〈◊〉 abhominable kynde of sacrifice they suâ—…er losse by warre and pâ—…ens Macheus Duke of Carthage 〈◊〉 hys owne 〈◊〉 winneth Carthage is accused of treason and 〈◊〉 put to death The conteyntes of the. 〈◊〉 Boke MAgo Duke of Carthage dyeth his sonnes Hasorâ—…ball Hamilcar succede the Carthaginenses are ouercome by the 〈◊〉 â–ª fres and pay the rent for their cytie sâ—…ill they make warre in Sardynia and Sycill themessage of the Ambassadours of Darius to the Earthaginenses the Afres are compelled to releace the rent â–ª the army of Hamilco perisheâ—… 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pescilent influence of the star res the remnant whereof he bryngeth home and kylleth hymself The contents of the. xx Booke DEnnys the elder dryueth the Carthagineâ—…ses out of Sycill and maketh warre in Italy a declaracion of the fondacion of the cyties in Italy the warres betwene the 〈◊〉 and the Locrenses the lyfe doctrine and death of Pythagoras Dennys is ouercomme by the Croteniens and concludeth a league with the Frenchemen the doynges of the Frenchemen in Italy Dennys re turneth into Sycill agaynste the 〈◊〉 and is slayn by his owne men The contentes of the. xxi Boke THe yonger Dennys exercyseth all kynde Tyranny is expulsed the realme exercyseth moste vnspeakable tyranny at Locres in Italy â–ª is dryuen from thence and taketh Syracuse Hanno goeth about to oppresse the coÌ„mon weale of Carthage is â—…rayed twyse and put to death Dennys deposeth
himself and flyeth to Corynthe where he lyueth a fylthie lyfe 〈◊〉 surnamed Rhodanus veweth the doynges and counselles of great Alexander â—…yeth his countrymen therof and at his returne is put to death for his labor The contentes of the. xxii Booke AGathocles ryseth from abase Degre lyke as yf it were by lowe steppes to the Kyngedome of Sycill he exerciseth great cruelty vâ—…xeth the consederates of the Carthaginenses by the sufferans oâ—… Hamilcar whose death preuenteth the secrete verdites of the Carthaginenses 〈◊〉 is veseged by Hamilcar the sonne of â—…ysgo he remoueth the war into 〈◊〉 vanquisseth the â—…arthagine whervppon the Aphres reuolâ—… vnto him he kylleth the kyng of Cy rene ouercommeth the 〈◊〉 agayn he rayseth the siege before Syracuse is receyued with a mutinie is ouercomme by vnaduisednesse forsaketh his men of warre and his children which are put to death for his sake he maketh peace with the Carthaginenses in Sycill The conteyntes of the. xxiii Boke â–ª A Gathocles maketh warre in Italy the trades and customes of the Lucanes â–ª the Originall of the Brutians the miserable eâ—…de of Agathocles the Carthaginenses inuade Sycill Pyrrhus oryueth them out râ—…turneth into Italy whervppon Sycill reuolteth he is diseomfyted by the Râ—…mayns retyreth with great losse and dishonor into his kyngdome the byrthe educacion and commendacion of Hiero. The contentes of the. xxiiii Booke THe Lacedemonians stirre the Grekes to rebellion and are ouercome by the Etolian shepeherdes the wicked and abhomi nable 〈◊〉 of Ptolomy toward his syster and her children Rome is sacked by the Frenchemen wherof some place themselfes in Italy and some in Pannokie they of 〈◊〉 rayse a power deuidyng themselfes in two hostes of which th one kylleth Ptolomy kyng of Maccdone and are suppressed by Sosthenes thother vnder the conduct of Bremso inuâ—…deth Macedone agayn ouercom meth Sosthenes spoyleth the Realme inuadeth the temple of Delphos the situacion wherof is there deseribed is vanquished with lightnyng and thunder and Bremis sleath himself The conteintes of the. xxv Boke THe Frenchemen of Pannony rayse an other power inuade Ma cedone Antigonus ouercommeth them by a pollicy the Frenchmen are so redouted that all kynges craue their aide they succor the kyng of Bythinia and deuyde his Realme with him callyng themselfes Frenchegrekes Pyrrhus expulseth Antigonus out of Macedone he maketh warre agaynst the Lacedemonians the force and hardines of Ptolomy his sonne who is slayne in the wynnyng of Lacedemon Pyrrhus is slayn at Argos the moderacion and gentlenes of Antigonus with a commendacion of the sayd Pyrrhus The contentes of the. xxvi Boke THe extreme cruelty of 〈◊〉 Tyrant of Epyre the wyse inuention of old Helematus in suppressyng of him the cruelnesse of the Frenchegrekes towardes their wyues and children whome Antigonus ouercommeth viterly dâ—…stroyeth 〈◊〉 is 〈◊〉 bothe of his kyngdome men of warre by Alexander the sonne of Pyrrhus kyng of Epyre Demetrius the sonne of Antigonus not onely recouereth his fathers kingdome but also spoyleth Alexander of his kyngdome of Epyre Alexander by thelpe of the 〈◊〉 and the fauour of his owne countrymen is restored to his kyngdom agayn Agas kyng of â—…yrene dyeth Demetrius the brother of Antigonus by meanes of Beronice the â—…aughter of king Agas is slayâ—… in her mothers bed The conteyntes of the. xxvii Boke SEleucus kyng of Spria putteth hys step mother Beronice her sonne to death Ptolomy kyng of Egypte in reuengemente of her death inuadeth Syria 〈◊〉 suffereth a happy ship wreke for by mâ—…anes therof for pytie and coÌ„passion the cyties that Ptolomy had obteyned râ—…uolted agayn he is vanquished in battell by Ptolomy and 〈◊〉 ayd of his brother 〈◊〉 Ptolomy maketh peace with Seleuâ—…us Antiochus warreth vppon his brother and ouercommeth him by the helpe of the Frenchgrekes who after the battell bend themselfes agaynst Antiochus and he raunsometh himself from them Eumenes kyng of Bythinia setteth vp pon Antiochus and the Frenchemen taketh the most part of Asia from them the brothers continewÌ„ still at debaâ—…e by meanes wheroâ—… they comme bothe to a misâ—…rable ende The contentes of the. xxviii Booke 〈◊〉 Quene of Epyre by the mariage of her daughter Pythia setteth variaunce betwene Demetrius kyng of Ma cedone and Antiochus kyng of Syria the proude answer of the Atolians to the Ambassadours of Rome Olympias dyeth for sorrow for the death of her two sonnes Laodomia is 〈◊〉 at the Altar of Diana 〈◊〉 dyeth Antigonus beyng left protector of the sonnes of Demetrius maketh himself kyng he subdueth the Lacedemonians wherin appereth as wel the stoutnes of the Spar tanes in aduersity as also the modeste and gentle behauiour of Antigonus in prosperitie The conteyntes of the. xxix Boke THe alteracion of the famousest kyngdomes by the succession of yong kynges Demetrius kyng of 〈◊〉 seweth to Phylippe kyng of Macedone for help agaynst the Ramaynes Philyp exhorâ—…eth the Grekes to concorde he proclaymeth open warre agaynste the Romaynes the Dâ—…rdanians inuade Macedone he maketh peace 〈◊〉 the Romapnes Phylopemenes causeth the Acheans to reuolt from him The 〈◊〉 of the. xxx Boke THe 〈◊〉 of Ptolomy kyng of Egypt Antiochus in undeth Egypt and is put to the 〈◊〉 Ptolomy geueth him self vtterly to slouth and 〈◊〉 he dyeth his concubines are hanged vp the Romaynes take the gouernance of the yong kynge the 〈◊〉 rebell agaynste Philip kyng of Macedone he desyreth peace of the Romayns a quauyng of the Sea an earthquake in Asia Philip is vanquished in battell by the Romayns and speyled of all his Dominions sauyng onely the râ—…alme of Macedone the E to lyans prouoke 〈◊〉 to warre vppon the Romayns The conteintes of the. xxxi Boke ANtiochus inuadeth the territories of the Dominion of Egypt the Romayns proclayme warre against him Nabis kyng of La cedemon subdueth many cyties in Grece y â— Romans send an Ambas sador to note Hannibals doynges in 〈◊〉 and to kyll hym he espieth their purpose and flyeth vnto Antiochus Nabis is vanquished by Flaminius after whose departure he followeth the warres agayne Hanniball is highly enterteyned by Antiochus he geueth councell how to procede in his warres agaynst the Romayns sendeth a messenger to Carthage to stirre them to rebellion the Romayns send an Ambassade to Antiochus who through their dayly conuersacion with Hannyball bryng him in the kynges displeasur who neuerthelesse sheweth his opynion of as concernyng the warres with the Romans the which is neglected antiochus is ouercomme of the Romans and taketh Hannibal into fauor agayn Han niball is put to the worse vppon the sea the magnimitie of Scipio affricanus articles of peace are propounded and by Antiochus reiected the romayns come to â—…roye Antiochus is vanquished with a great slaughter and peace geuen hym vppon the foresayd articles The conteyntes of the. xxxii Boke THe 〈◊〉 are subdued the 〈◊〉 Acheans 〈◊〉 for the souerainty Phylopemenes â—…aptayne of thacheans is is taken prysoner and poysoned by the 〈◊〉 the Mesnians are ouercomme and
obseruing and executyng of a mannes duetye as it doth to men of the countrey whyche in the sackyng of a citie come to the ryffling of some Apothecaries of Grocers shoppe plenteouslye furnyshed with al thynges belongyng to the crafte and beyng allured with the swetenesse of the confections and spices which they chaunce first to laye their handes on thynking all the residue to be of the same sorte do eate suppe deuour cramme in and lycke vp all that comes to hand in such wise that some fal sicke some runne madde some dye out of hand and euery one of them be maruaylouâ—…ye distempered so that all the armye laugh them to skorne for their labour For euen as the life is full of commodities and discommodities euen so is an hystorye which is the ymage and representacion of the life And the wysedome of the life consisteth onely in the vsage of the lyfe Farewell enioye these thinges to thy most furtheraunce and commoditye THE PREFACE OF THE MOST famous Historiographer Iustine vpon the Histories of Trogus Pompeius unto antoâ—…ye the Emperour WHereas many of the Romaines euen such as were of the state of Consuls had put thactes of the Romaynes in writing both in Greeke and also in other straunge language Trogus Pompeius a man of aunciente eloquence whether it were for desyre of lyke renowne and glory or for pleasure that he hadde in the varietie and straungenesse of the worke compiled as well the hystories of the Grekes as the Histories of al the whole world besides in the Lating touÌ„g to th entent that as our Chronicles are redde in Greeke so the Chronicles of the Greekes myght be red in our toung also Wherein he enterprysed a piece of worke of great payne both to bodye and mynde For seyng that many Authours which haue taken vpon them to put in writing the doinges of some one kynge or of some one peculiar kynd of people do thynke theym selues to haue taken a matter of great weyght in hand may we not wrothelye thynke Pompeius to haue bene as bolde as Hercules that durst aduenture vpon the whole world in whose bookes are conteyned the doinges of all ages of all Kynges of all nacions and of all contreyes And those thinges that the Greeke Chroniclers haue entreated vpoÌ„ disorderly as euery man thought moste conueniente for hym selfe all the same thynges hath Pompeius plaring them in theyr tymes and settyng them in due order compyled in Hystorye omittyng all such thinges as were not profytable to be spoken of Therfore of these xliiii volumes for so many dyd Pompeye set forth by leasure durynge the tyme that I was in the Cytie I drewe out all such thinges as I thought worthy to be knowen â—… leauing out such thinges the knowledge wherof could not haue delyghted nor yet were necessary for example I haue gathered as it were a little bundle of flowres to th eÌ„tent that such as haue learned Greeke might haue whereby to be admonyshed and they which haue not learned Greeke whereby to be instructed The whyche I haue dedicated vnto youre maiesty not so much to read as to peruse and correcte and also to th entent to geue an accâ—…unpte of spending my time whereof Cato willeth a due accompte to be made For it suffiseth me at this present yf your highenes do allow my doynges trusting hereafter that when the brunte of slaunderous enuye is ouerpaste they that come after me shall beare witnesse of my trauaile and paynes takynge Farewell ¶ The first Booke OF THABRIDGEMENT OF Histories taken out of the Hystorye of Trogus Pompeius by Iustine the Historiographer IN the first beginnyng of thinges the rule and gouernement of countreyes and nacions was in the handes of kynges Who were aduaunced to this hyghe estate and preheminence not through ambicion and fauour of the comminaltye but for their vertuous and modeste behauioure suffycientlye tryed and approued amongest good men There were no lawes to bynd men to their obedience but the commaundementes of Princes were in steade of lawes whose custome was rather to defend thaâ—… enlarge y â— borders of their kyngdomes And there was none that woulde vsurpe or take vpon him further than in his owne countreye where he was borne Ninus kyng of Thassirians did first alter and breake this olde and aunciâ—…t custome of the Gentiles through a straunge desyre of bearyng rule For he first made warre vpon his neyghbours and conquered the nacions whyche yesiknewe not howe to make resystence agaynste hym euen vnto the borders of Affricke There were before his tyme two auncient kynges Uexores kyng of Egypt and Tanais kyng of Scithia of the which th one made a voyage into Pontus and the other into Egypt But they made warre a farre of and not nere home not of purpose to enlarge theyr empyre but to wine honour and renowne of Chiualry to their subiectes and so beyng satisfyed with the victory they absteined from bearing rule But Ninus continually dilated his Empire by seizing into his possession such countreyes as he wonne By reason whereof hauing subdewed his neyghbours and ioyning theyr power vnto his and so goyng euer stronger and stronger to the next eche former victory beyng an occasion and furtheraunce to the next followyng he conquered all the Easter parte of the world The last fyeld that he fought was with zoroastres kyng of the Bactrians who is reported to haue first inueÌ„ted art Magicke and diligeÌ„tly to haue serched out the beginning of the world and the mouinge of the starres This zoroastres beyng slaine Ninius him selfe also dyed leauynge behinde him a sonne as then vnder age called Ninus by his wyfe Semiramis She durst neyther put the gouernement of the Empyre to the child beyng vnder yeares of discrescion nor yet her selfe take it vppon her openly Wisely foreseing and thinkinge with her selfe that so manye and so mightye nacions whych scarcelye by their good willes would obey a man would muche lesse abyde to be subiect to a woman Therefore where as she was Ninus wyfe she fayned her selfe to be his sonne and whereas she was a woman she fayned her selfe to be a boye And she myght well do it For they were both of a meane stature both of them spake small and in the â—…amentes and proporcion of bodye was lytle difference betwyxte them Wherefore she put on mannes apparayle and close hosen and on her head she ware a kynde of coyâ—…e called Tyara And for bycause folke shoulde not mistrust any thyng to be hidden vnder this newe found apparell she commaunded the people to be apparelled after the same sorte the whyche kynde of attyre all Thassirians haue euer vsed froÌ„ that day to thys Thus at the fyrste by counterfaytyng the kynde she was taken for a boye Afterward she atchieued manye noble enterprises by the greatnesse whereof when she thoughte she had ouercome enuye she confessed who she was and whoÌ„ she counterfeyted Neyther dyd this her doyng diminishe the honour and estimation
of her empyre but rather broughte her in greater admiration of all menne that she beynge a woman had surmounted in prowesse not only women but also men She buylded Babilon and enclosed it with a wall of brycke enterlayed with sand and Bytamen which is a kynd of slymye mortar yssuyng out of the ground in diuers places of that countrye Many other noble enterprises this Queene atchieued For beyng not content to maynteyne the state of th empyre and boundes of the same as her husbande lefte it vnto her she subdued Aethyop thereunto And besides that she made warre vpon Indie whereunto there was neuer any that durst geue the aduenture sauyng she onely and great Alexander At the last vnnaturallye desyryng to company with her owne sonne she was by him slayne whē she had reygned xlii yeares after the death of her husbande Ninus Her sonne Ninus beyng contented with the countreyes wonne by his parentes layeng asyde all Chiualrye and knighthoode as though he had chaunged nature with his mother was seldome seene of men but spente hys tyme among a sorte of women His posterity also followynge his example gaue aunswere to the people to ambassadours by messengers The Empyre of Thassirians whyche afterward were called Syrians continued 1300. yeres The last kyng that reigned amonge theym was Sardanapalus a man more vicious than any woman Unto whose presence Arbactus whom he had made lyeuetenaunt ouer the Medes beyng by long suyte had much intreataunce hardly at length admitted which thing was neuer graunted to any man be fore found him amonge a sorte of concubines spinning purple on a rocke in womans apparayle passyng all the womē there in softenesse of body and nycenesse of countenaunce and weyeng out to eche of them theyr taske At the whiche light Arbactus disdayning that so manye men shuld be subiect to such a woman and that so many valiaunte knyghtes and men of warre should be slaues to a woman went forth and tolde his peres what he had sene sayeng he coulde not fynde in his hart to serue and obey such a one as had rather be a woman then a man Whereupon the Lordes confedered them selues together and had him battell Who hearing thereof not like a man entendyng to defend his kyngdome but as women are wont to do for feare of death first sought a corner to hyde his head and soone after with a few and out of aray he came into the felde where beynge vanquished he retired into his pallace there makyng a great bonefire cast him selfe and all his ryches thereinto plainge the man in this only poynt After this Arbactus the worker of his confusion which before was lieutenaunte ouer y e Medes was instituted made kyng And he translated the empire frō the Assirians to the Medes In processe of tyme after many kynges by order of descent the kyngdom came vnto Astyage This man hauing done issue sauing one onely daughter dreamed that he sawe spryng out of her priuye members a vine whose braunches shadowed all Asia The interpretours of dreames and wonders beyng asked theyr iudgement and aduice in the matter made aunswere that hys daughter shoulde brynge hym fothe a nephewe whose greatnesse was by his vision declared before and that by him be should he deposed from his kingdome The kyng being not a litle abash◅d with this interpretacion maryed hys doughter neyther to a Noble man nor to one of his owne countrey least the nobilitie of the parētes should aduaunce encourage his nephewe to take much vpon him but vnto a man of meane estate and liuing of the countrey of Persia which in those ◅ayes was reputed as a base countreye and of no regard or estimation Neuerthelesse beyng not by this acte quite dispatched of the feare of this dreame he sent for his doughter beyng great with childe that as soone as she were deliuered he myght see the babe kylled ▪ Assoone as the childe was borne it was deliuered to be ◅layne vnto Harpagus one of y e kinges priuye counsaile Harpagus fearing that if after the decease of the kyng because he had no yssue male to succede him the kingdome should descend vnto his doughter she would reuenge the death of her chylde vpon him being a subiecte which she could not do vpon her father ▪ deliuered the childe to the kinges herman commaū ding him to cast it away By chaunce the verye same tyme the herdman him selfe had a sonne newlye borne Whose wife hearing of the casting away of the kynges childe earnestly besought her husbande to fetche the childe vnto her that she myght see hym The shepeherd ouercome with the earnest intreataunce of his owne wife returned into the wood where he founde a bytche geuing the childe sucke and defending it frō foules and wilde beastes Then beyng moued with pitie to see the bytche so naturall and pitifull he tooke vp the childe bare it home to his cottage the bitche folowing him egerlye all the waye Assoone as the woman tooke the babe in her armes he smiled and played with her as though he had knowen her and there appeared in him such a chearfulnesse as it were a certayne smiling and flattering countenaunce that she desyred the shepeherd herhusbande to cast awaye his owne childe and suffer her to bryng vp that in the sted of it such was the good fortune of the childe or els the hope that she of hym conceyued And so the destinye of the two children beyng chaūged the kinges nephewe was brought vp for the shepeherdes sonne and the shepeherdes sonne was cast away for the kynges nephewe the nources name was afterward called Sparcon bicause the Persiās do cal a bytche so in theyr language The childe beyng broughte vp amonge the shepeherdes was named Cyrus And in the meane tyme beyng chosen kynge amonge children as they were a playeng when in sporte he whypped suche as wer stubbourne agaynst him the parentes of the children made thereof a great complaynt to the kyng sayeng it stoode not with their honour that their children should be beaten like slaues of the kynges bondman The kyng sendynge for ◅he chylde demaunded of hym whye he dyd so He aunswered without any chaungyng of countenaunce at all for the mat ter that he had done as it became a kynge to do The kyng maruayling at his audacitye came in remembraunce of his dreame and the interpretacion thereof and so when bothe the countenaunce of the chylde and also his lykenesse vnto him selfe the time of his castyng away and the examinaciō of the shepeherd agreed in one he acknowledged him to be his nephewe And for bycause he thoughte him selfe dispatched of his dreame in as much as the childe had played the kyng among the shepeherdes the cruell hart that he bare toward the child was clerely thereby relented But to his frende Harpagus he became so deadly an enemy for sauing of his nephewe that to reuenge his
displeasure vpon hym he kylled his sonne and set him before his father to eate Harpagus disseÌ„bling his inward griefe for the time differred the hatred iustly agaynst the kyng conceyued vntill he might espye occasion of reuengement At the length when Cyrus came to mans estate beyng moued thereunto with sorowe for the losse of his sonne he wrate vnto hym howe his graundfather had as it were banished him into Persia how his graundfather had commaunded hym to be slayne howe by his benefite he had bene preserued howe for the same he had gotten the kynges displeasure and how he had lost his owne sonne exhorting him to rayse an army and to take the kyngdome forthwyth vpon hym promisynge that the Medes should at the day of battell turne to hys syde And forasmuche as the letter coulde not be caryed openlye for the kynges officers which kept all the passages and sear ched suche as came by it was put into a Hares bellye the â—…owels first taken oute and the Hare was 〈◊〉 to a trusty seruaunt to carye to Cirus into Persia. Moreouer hâ—… tooke nettes with him to 〈◊〉 that vnder pretence of hunting his purpose might be hidden When Cyrus had redde the letter he was commaunded in a dreame to take the same way as he was counsayled in the epistle Neuerthelesse he was furthermore warned that whom soeuer he met first the next day him he should make his companion in all his enterprises Wherfore as he went into the countreye before the dawning of the daye he met with a seruaunte called Sibaris that had escaped out of pri son from a certayne man of Media enquiring what coun treyman he was vnderstanding that he was borne in Persia he pulled of his fetters toke him to be his companion retourned to the city Persepolis There he called the people together coÌ„maunding theÌ„ euery man to take his Are go cut downe the wood that grewe by the hygh way side The which thing being lustely done the â—…ext day he made a feast and bade them all to it When he sawe them mery in the middest of theyr good cheare he demaunded of them if they were put to the choyce whether they had rather chose to lyue in labour and toyle as they had done the daye before or in myrthe and pleasure as they dyd that presente daye The cryed all with one voyce in myrth and pleasure as we do to day Then quod he as long as ye be in subiectioÌ„ to the Medes so long shall ye leade all your lyues in labour and toyle lyke vnto yesterday but if you will folowe me ye shall liue in pleasure euen as you haue done this day And so with mery cheare and glad hartes of theym all he made warre agaynst the Medes Astyages for getting the great displeasure done to Harpagus made him his lieutenaunt ge neral and committed to his charge the whole stay of his bat tell who immediately vpon the receypt therof yelded and betrayed the same vnto Cirus and so throughe treason and disloyaltye requited the kynges crueltie When worde thereof came vnto Astyages he raised another power with al spede possible and went him selfe into Persia wher â—…ly renewing the battel as his men were fightinge he set a company at their backes commaunding them to beat them â–ª perforce vpon theyr enemyes that made any countenaunce to flye away causyng it to be plainely told them that if they wanne not the victorye they should finde as good men behinde their backes as before theyr faces And therefore ad uise them selues well whether it were better for thâ—…ym to breake through th one flyeng cowardly or through thother by fighting manfullye His souldiers perceyuing there was none other remedie tooke courage to them and stoode to it stoutly By meanes whereof when the host of the PersiaÌ„s being euercharged began somewhat to geue backe and by litle and litle to lose ground their mothers and wiues came running ouâ—… against them desyring them to retourne into the battell and perceyuing that they made no haste as men that wer at their wittes endes they lifted vp theyr clothes and shewing the priuie partes of their bodies asked them if they woulde runne into their mothers and wyues bellyes for succour The PersiaÌ„s being stayed with this reproch re tourned into battell and makinge a prease vpon their enemies coÌ„pelled them to flye from whom but euen now they fled themselues In this battell Astyage was taken prysoner From whom Cyrus toke nothyng saue the kingdome behauing hym selfe in this conflycte rather lyke a nephewe than lyke a conqueroure and he made hym ruler ouer the Hircanians For he would not retourne vnto the Medes This was then of the Empire of the Medes whyche endured CCC L. yeares In the beginning of his raigne Cirus made 〈◊〉 whom accordyng to his vision in the nyght he had deliuered out of prison and takeu as companion in all his enterprises and affayres lieutenaunt ouer the Perfi ans gaue him his sister in mariage But the cities whych wer tributare before to the Medes forasmuch as thempire was chaunged supposing their estate to be chaunged also fell from Cirus which thing was vnto him a cause and beginning of much warre many battelles At the length ha uing brought many of theym to their accustomed obediece when he made warre agaynst the Babilonians Crâ—…asus king of Lidia whose welth riches wer at those dayes very notable came to succour the Babilonians Wher being baÌ„quished and nowe carefull what shoulde beecome of hym selfe he retyred into his owne kyngome Cyrus also hauyng set althinges at a stay in Babilon passed from thence with his hoste into Lydâ—…a where he ouercame the power of Craesus with no ado to speake of being alredy dismayed with the discomfiture taken before at Babilon Craesus hym selfe was taken prisoner but the lesser daunger the battell was of the gentlyer was the victorye vsed For besydes that he pardoned Cresus of hys life he gaue him also the most part of his inheritaunce the citie of Barce In the whyche although he liued not a kyng in dede yet might he liue a like a king as might be deuised This mercy and clemency was profitable as well to the conquerour as to the conquered For after it was once knowen that warre was made agaynst Cresus throughout al Greece souldiours were mustered and sent for the to his ayde as it had bene to quenche some commen fyre So well was Cresus beloued wyth all the cities that the Grekes would haue made sharpe warre vpon Cyrus if he had delt with Cresus any thyng cruellye Afterward in processe of time while Cyrus was occupyed in other warres the Lydians rebelled From whem beynge vanquished agayne he tooke quite their horses armor and weapon commaundyng them to vse victaling minstralsye gamyng and all kynde of ribawdrye and wantonnesse And so by this meanes the people which sometime wer of
died in the preparation therof leauinge many sonnes behinde him wherof some were begotten before he was king and other some in the time of his raigne Of the whyche Artobazanes the eldest claimed the Crowne by prerogatiue of hys age alledginge that by order of lawe by order of birthe by order of nature and by custome of all Countryes he oughte to haue it Xerxes replied and sayde that their controuersye was not as concerninge the order of their birthe but as concernyng the nobilitye and worthinesse of theyr byrthe For hee graunted that Artobazanes was in deede the first that was borne vnto Darius but Darius was then a priuate person and that he him selfe was the firste that was borne to Darius being king Wherfore his brothers that were borne durynge the time his father was a subiect might lawfully claime suche priuate inheritaunce as Darius then had but not the kingdom which apperteined to him being the first whome his father begat in his kingdoÌ„ This also made for his purpose in that artobazanes was borne a priuate person not only by the fathers side but also by the mothers side and also 〈◊〉 his graundfathers side by the mother Wherâ—… he himself had a Queene to his mother and he 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 his father but king and he hadde a kinge 〈◊〉 his grauâ—…father by the mother namelye kinge Cyrus who was not an inheritor but the first founder of that greate Empyre And therfore if theyr father had left them 〈◊〉 like right to the 〈◊〉 yet notwithstande in consideration of his Mother and hys graundfather he oughte to be preferred They putte thys controuersy quietly and gently with a good will to the discretion of their vncle Artapheâ—… as to a housholde iudge who discussing the matter at home preferred Xerxes And this contention betwene them was so brotherly that neither he that had the vpper hand vaunted him self neyther he that was ouercome was sorye for the matter And euen in the chiefest time of all their strife they sente giftes and presentes one to another aud merely banketted together wythout mistrust of treason or deceit and the matter was ended wythout dayes men or without reprochful wordes betwixt them So muche more modestly could brothers in those daies deuide the greatest kingdomes then they can nowe deuide a small inheritaunce Xerxes therefore by the space of fiue yeares together made preparatyon for the warres whiche his father had begon against the Grekes The which thing when Demeratus kinge of the Lacedemonians who at that time beinge banished his Countrye liued in king Xerxes Courte vnderstode being more frendlye to his countrye after his banishment then to the kyng for all his benefites to the entente they shoulde not be oppressed with sodaine warre wrate all thinges in tables of wode to the Magistrates of Sparta and couered the letters ouer with ware least that ether the wryting without a couer might bewray it self or the newe ware disclose hys deuise WheÌ„ they wer finished he toke theÌ„ to a trnsty seruaÌ„t commaunding him to deliuer to the magistrats of the Spartanes When they were brought to Lacedemon the matter hong long in question what it shoulde meane because they saw no wryting again they thought the tables were not sent for nothing the closer the thinge was so muche they iudged it to be of greater importaunce Whiles the menne with sondrye opâ—…nions slacke in the matter the Syster of Lâ—…oindas the kynge founde out the intent and meanynge of the wryter The ware therfore being skraped of it appeared was wrought against them By this time had Xerxes armed seuen hundred thousand of his owne kingdome and hired thre hundred thousand Mercenaries So that it hath not without good cause bene reported that his army dronke the riuers dry and that al Grece was skarse able to receiue his hooste It is also said that he had ten hundred thousand shippes To this huge host wan ted a mete Captaine For if ye haue respect vnto the king ye may praise his riches but not his good guidans or know ledge requisite in a Captain of which there was so greate aboundaunce in his realme that when riuers were not able to finde his huge multitude drinke yet had he treasure more then could be spent He would be sure to be the laste that shoulde come to encounter and the firste that shoulde run away In danger he was fearful out of daunger proud and ful of bosting Finally before he should come to the triall of battell he gloried so much in his owne strength that as if he had beene euen a Lord ouer nature and had beene able to rule it at his pleasure he broughte mountaynes to plaine ground and filled vp the valleis made bridges ouer the sea and cut through the main land to make nerer way for his shippes to passe Whose comming into Grece as it was terrible so his departure was as shameful and dishonorable For when that Leonides kinge of the Sartanes wyth four thousand men had taken the strengthe of Thermopyle Xerxes in disdaine of his small noumber commaunded that none shoulde assaile them but they whose kinsfolke were slain at the battel of Marathon the which while they soughte to reuenge the deathes of their frends wer the beginning of the slaughter that ensued In their places succeded stil mo and mo to the great encrease of their owne slaughter Three daies the Persians fought there to their greate anguish displesure and sorow The fourth daye when it was tolde Leonides that twentye thousande of his ennemies had taken the toppe of the hill then he began to exhort his partakers to depart and to reserue them selues till some better time might come wherin they might do seruice to their country for he hys Spartanes wold staÌ„d to thadueÌ„ture of fortune saying that he set not so much by his life as by his country that the resi due ought to be spared for the defice of Grece wheÌ„ the kin ges plesure was published the rest departed all sauing the Lacedemonians which taried stil with him In the beginning of this war whé counsel was asked of apollo at Delphos answer was geueÌ„ that either the king of thes partanes must be slain or els the city be destroid And therfore wheÌ„ the king Leonides shuld go forth to the war he had so encoraged his souldiers that euery man went with a willing hart to dye with their maister He tooke the straites for this purpose that with his small noÌ„ber he might either win with more honor or die with les domage to the coÌ„moÌ„ welth wherfore when he had dismissed his partakers he exhorted the Spar tanes to remeÌ„ber theÌ„ selues that how so euer they fought they must be slaine warning them to take hede that they gaue no cause to baue it reported of them hereafter that their harts serued them better to tary then to fight saying that it was not for theÌ„ to stand stil til their enemies should enclose
captain of the Atheniens elected his fellow in the warre what by working againste his enterprises and what foreseing wiselye what was like to ensue disclosed the entent and purpose of his treason Whervpon ere it was long after Pansanias was arrained and condemned Xerxes therfore when he perceiued that his secrete conspiracies were disclosed determined to proclaime open warre againe The Grecians also appoynted for their captaine Cymo of Athens the sonne of Milciades their graundcaptaine at the battell of Marathon a noble yong gentleman whose naturall and godly disposition declared before hand what great honor he was like to come vnto For when his father being cast in prison for robbing of the common tresure was there departed and could not be buried he by taking his fathers irons vppon him redeamed his body and buried it Neither wer they any thing at all deceiued that chose him to be their soueraign Captain For being a man of no lesse prowesse then was his father he vanquished Xerxes both vpon the sea and vppon the land and compelled him fearfully to retire into his own kingdome The third Booke XErxes king of Persia of whome all nations a litle before stode in feare after he had sped so vn fortunatelye in his warres in Grece began to be had in contempt euen of his own subiectes For Artabanus his lieuetenaunt perceiuing the kings estate dailye to decaye beinge therwith broughte in good hope to obtain the kingdom one euening wyth vii of his sonnes all men growen and stout men of their handes entred the kings palace For he was so well be trusted and beloued with the king that he might come in whenso euer he wold Wherfore whē he had slain the king he wrought by pollicy to destroy his children whome he knewe to be a lette to his enterprise As for Artaxerxes whiche was but a childe to speake of he toke no great thought and therfore the sooner to compasse his matters he surmised that Darius which was a tall strippling had slaine his father to the entent he might the soner possesse the kingdom Wherby he compelled artaxerxes to reuenge murder with murder When they came to Darius lodginge they founde him as it were neither sleping nor waking and there killed him Afterward artabanus perceiuing that for all the mischief he could deuise there was yet one of the kinges sonnes aliue and fearing that the peres of the realme wold stand in con tention with him for the kingdome made of his Counsell one Baccabassus who being content with his present estate bewrayed the whole matter to artaxerxes howe his Father was slain how his brother vpon false presumption of murder was put to death and finallye howe there was treason a woorking againste his owne personne When artaxerxes knew that fearing to attempt any thing rashly or agaynst artabanus because he had so many of his sonnes about hym he commaunded his army to be in a readinesse in their armour before him the next day sayinge that he woulde take musters of them him selfe and see a trial of euery mannes behauioure howe he coulde handle his weapon Therfore when as among the rest artabanus himselfe stoode by in his harnesse the kinge fained that his Curet was to shorte for him commaundinge artabanus to chaunge with him As he was putting it of the king espying him naked thrust hym throughe with his sworde and ther with all commaunded all his sonnes to be laide hande on And by this meanes the worthy yong Prince reuenged the death of his father and the murder of his brother and saued him selfe oute of the bandes of traitoures While these things were a doing among the Persians in the mean season all Grece deuiding it self in ii parts wherof the one folowed the Lacedemonians thother the Atheniens turned their wepons from forain enemies agaynste their owne bowels Of one people was made two bodies the souldiers of one campe wer parted into ii hostes of deadly and mortall enemies On th one side the Lacedemonians drue to their parte all suche as were before times waged at the common charges of al the cities for the defēce of the whole country On thother side the Atheniens being renowmed as wel for their antiquity and long continuance as also by their dedes of cheualry trusted all to their own strength And so two of the mightiest people of all Grece egall by the statutes of Solon and lawes of Lycurgus throughe enuy one at anothers estate fel together by the eares amonge them selues For Lycurgus succeadinge his brother Polybita in the kingdome of Sparta when as he might lawfullye haue chalenged it to him selfe surrendred the same with as muche faithfulnesse as mighte be vnto his sonne Charilans whyche was borne after the deathe of hys father assone as he came to mannes estate To the entent that all men myghte vnderstande howe muche good men doo set more by rightuousnesse then by al the richesse in the world In the meane while therfore that the childe grew of whom as protector he had the gouernment he deuised lawes for the Spartanes whiche hetherto hadde none in whyche doing he deserued not more renowne for inuenting of them then for geuyng example in keeping them For certainlye he ordayned no law for any other man wherof he gaue not ensample first of all by him selfe He taughte the people due obedience to their Princes and the Princes to minister iu◅ice indifferently to al their subiectes He counselled all estates to vse temperance and frugalitye thincking that throughe the dailye and accustomable vse therof the trauell and penye of warfare should seeme much more light and easy he commaunded all things to be bought not for mony but for exchaunge of wares The vse of golde and siluer as the occasion of all mischief he vtterly toke away The gouernment of the publike weale he distributed to certain estates and degrees Unto the kinges he gaue power absolutely in all matters concerning the warres vnto the magistrates authority in iudgementes and matters of lawe whome he would to continue in office but one yeare at ones vnto the Senatoures to see the lawes executed and kept to the cōmons power to chuse the Senatoures or to create what officers they listed He parted all their landes equallye amongste them portion and portion like to the entent that euery man hauing like liuelihode no man shuld take more vpon him then other He ordained that they should all eate and drinke together openlye to the entent that no manne should secreatly vse any excesse or super◅uitye he permitted not the yong men to weare anye moo garmentes then one all the yere nor one to go gayer then another nor one to fare better then an other leaste by followinge one anothers example they should fall to riot Children vnder xv yeares age were not suffred to come into the Courte but were commaunded to keepe in the Country to the entent they might
but also to such as behold it a far of Moreouer ther is such a do when the waues mete that a man shall se some as it were ruÌ„ning away drowned in the whorlpoles falling into the bottom of the sea other some in maner of conqueroures proudly bear theÌ„ selues a loft And again hear in one place the roring of the raging tide in another place as it were the sighing of the falling into the gulf And to the encrease therof maketh also the nere and continuall burnyng of the mouÌ„tain Aetna of aeolus iles as though the fire wer norished with the water For it is not possible that so greate a fire shuld other wise continue so long season together in so smal a roum onles it wer norished by moysture HerevpoÌ„ therfore grew the tales of Scylla Charibdis herevpon came it that men hard the barking of dogs hervpon meÌ„ beleued that they saw monsters which sailing that way being feared with the noise of the waues falliÌ„g into the great gulfs imagined the waues to bark which was nothig els but the noise of the waters beting one against another as they wer drawn bi violâ—…ce into the whorlpoles The like cause is also of the coÌ„tinuaÌ„ce of the fire of the mouÌ„tain aetna For this vi oleÌ„t meting of the waters draweth the winde with it perforce into the bowels of therth there holdeth him pent so loÌ„g vntil being spred into the holes of therâ—…h it setteth the â—…iry matter a burnig Now Italy Sicilie ar so near together and the promontories of bothe so like in heigth that looke how much we now wonder at it so much men in olde time wer afraid of it beleuing that the hils met and departed a sonder againe and that whole nauies of shippes were swalowed vp and neuer sene after Nether was this thing deuised in olde time for pleasauntnesse of the tale but for the wonderment of suche as passed that way For suche is the nature of the place that they whiche beholde it a farre of woulde rather take it to be an elbowe of the Sea shotyng into the land then a passage And when a manne comes neare he would thincke that the Mountaines parted and went a sondre Sicill was firste of all named Trinacria afterward it was called Sicania This Ilande from the beginnynge was the countrye of the Giauntes with one eye in their forehead called Cyclopes The whiche beynge roted out acolus tookâ—… vpon him the rule of the 〈◊〉 after whose decease euery City had a Tyran by them selues and there was neuer countrye that had better store of them theÌ„ had Sicilie Of the noumber of theese tirauntes there was one Anaxilaus that striued againste the crueltye of the others with iustice whose modest gouernaunce profited him not a little For when he was departed out of this life leauing his children verye yonge vnder the tuition and gouernement of a trusty seruaunte of his called Mycithus he was so wel beloued of al his subiects that they were conteted to obey his seruant rather then to abandon forsake his children And the princes of the citye forgettinge their estate suffred the kingdoÌ„ to be ruled by a bondman The Carthaginenses assaid to conquer thempire of Sicil fought a loÌ„g season with the kinges there of sometyme to their gaine and sometime to their losse At the last when they had lost their graund captain Hamilcar al his host their harts wer discoraged and so kept them selues in quiet for a good while after In the meane season the inhabitauntes of â—…hegium fallinge at debate among them selues the City being deuided in two factioÌ„s the one part thinking them selues to weak â–ª sent for the old souldioures whiche were then at the citye of â—…mera to come and healpe them who hauynge driuen oute of the Towne those againste whome they wer called and forthwith slaying them whose quarell they supported tooke their Citye with their wiues and children and all that euer they had whiche was suche a cruell acte as neuer tiraunt attempted in so muche that it had bene farre better for the menne of Rhegium to haue beene vanquished then to haue gotten the victory For whether they had bene driuen by the lawe of armes to haue serued the Conqueroures or whether they had bene driuen to forsake their countrye as banished persons yet notwithstanding they should not haue bene miserably murthered betwene the temples and their dwelling houses and haue left their natiue couÌ„try with their wiues and children as a pray to suche cruel tirants The Catenenses also beinge sore oppressed by the Syracusans distrustynge their owne strength demaunded succor of the Atheniens the whiche whether it were for desire to dilate their Empire because they had all redy conquered all Grece Asiâ—… or that they feared least the great nauy of shippes whyche the Syracâ—…sanes had lately builded shuld aid streÌ„gthen the Lacedemonians sent a Captaine called Lampozius wyth a nauy into Sicill to the entent that vnder the coloure of aiding the Catenienses they might attempt to get the kingdoÌ„e of Sicill And because that they had prosperous successe in their affairâ—…s at the beginning and made greate slaughter of their ennemies they went to Sicil again with a greater â—…eete and a stronger power wherof wer captaines Lachetes and Charâ—…ades But the Cateuâ—…nses whether it were for fâ—…are of the Atheniens or that they were wearye of the warres made peace with the Syracusanes and sent home the Atheâ—…ens againe that came to their rescue Wythin a while after when the Syracusanes obserued not iustlye the peace they sent their ambassadours again to Athens who in filthy apparel with longe heades and longe beardes fafashioning their countenaunce gesture as much as might be to prouoke pity came sorowfullye before the people In making their complainte they wept and with their humble submission so moued the sely people to pity that the cap tains wer condemned for withdrawing their succors from them Wherfore a great nauy was sent forth wherof wer appoynted captaines Nicias Albiciades Lamachus and they entred Sicilie with such a power that euen they whoÌ„ they came to defend were a fraid of them Shortlye after alcibiades being sent for home to answer to certain enditements that were put vp against him Nicias and Lamachus foughte two prosperous battels vpon the lande And soone after so enclosed their ennemies and kepte them so straighte that they coulde haue neither rescue nor victailes from the sea â–ª The Syracusanes being so sore distressed desired healp of the Lacedemonians Unto them was sent no mo but only Gylippus but he was suche a one as was worthe all the helpe they had beside For he hearing of the manner of the war and perceiuing his complices to be brought to a low ebbe raised a power partlye in Grece and partlye in Sicill and toke such a pece of ground as he thought meete for the two hostes to
This yere was notable not only because peace was so sodenlye made throughe all Grece but also because the same time the Citye of Rome was taken by the frenchmen But the Lacedemonians being now at rest lying in await for aduaÌ„tage â—…spying the Arcadians from home surprised their castle put a garrison of their owne men therin The Arcadians therfore with the helpe of the Thebaâ—…es came into the field well armed and in good aray to recouer that that they had lost by the sword In the which conflict Archidamus captain of the Lacedemonians was wounded who seing his men beaten downe as vanquished demaunded by an heralt to haue the deade bodies of such as were slain to th entent he might bury them For this is a token amoÌ„g the Grekes of geuing the victory with the which confession the Thebanes being contented blew to the retreit pursued no further with a few daies after neither party atteÌ„pting any displesure when a man wold haue thought they had ben at a truce as it were by a secret consent and agrement amoÌ„g them selues while the Lacedemonians wer busied in other warres against their neighbors the Thebanes vnder the conduicte leading of their captain Epaminondas purposed to haue won their citie ere they wer aware of it Where vpon in the beginning of the night they setforth as closelye as they coulde deuise toward Lacedemon But yet they coulde not take them vnwares For thold men other persoÌ„s vnmeâ—…e for the wars by reson of their yeres hauing vnderstaÌ„ding ofthapproche of their enemies armed theÌ„ selues met them in the very entrance of the gates against xv M. souldiers not aboue a C. old forgrown men put theÌ„ selues to thencounter So much corage strength doth the present sight of a mannes country houshold geue a man so much doth â—…he preseÌ„ce of things geue men 〈◊〉 stomackes theÌ„ the remeÌ„braÌ„ce of theÌ„ being away For when theysaw within what â—… for what they stode at defence they determined either to win 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 die A few old men therfore helde them playe whome ere the next morning all the youth they had was not able to withstand In that battell two of the captains of their enemies were slain In the meane while word was brought that agesilaus was come where vppon the Thebanes retired and it was not longe after but they encountred againe For the yong men of Lacedemon being incensed with the prowesse and valiaÌ„t demenor of the old men could not be with held but that they would nedes try the matter immediatlye in open field when as the victory was all ready the Thebanes And Epaminondas whiles he executed the dutye and office not only of a stout captain but also of a valiaunt souldiour was greuously wounded The which thing being hard of the one party was so striken in feare and the other partye for ioy was so amazed that bothe parties as it were by a peaceable consent departed the field Within a fewe daies after Epaminondas deceased with whom the strength of the common welth decayed For in like manner as if ye break of the edge of a wepon the rest of it is able to doo no great harme euen so this Duke being dead who was as it were the edge of the common wealthe of Thebes the strengthe therof was appalled and in manner dulled in so much that they semed not so muche to haue lost him as altogether to haue died with him For neither before this Dukes time atcheued they any notable conquest nor afterwarde deserued to be spoken of for any famous attempt by them accom plished but only for the slaughters that were made of theÌ„ So that it appereth manifestly that the glory and renown of his country did bothe spring vp with him and die wyth him And a manne is not able to iudge whether he were a better captain and souldiour or a better man of his liuing For alwaies he sought preheminence to his countrye rather then to him self and he was suche a sparer of monye that be wanted wherwith to bury him according to his estate And he was euen as couetous of praise as of monye For authority and offices wer laid vpon him euen vtterly against his wil. And he behaued him self in such wise in his authority that he semed not to receiue but rather to geue honor to the same Furthermore he was so studious of lerning so instructed in the knowledge of philosophy that it was a woÌ„der to se how a maÌ„ bred brought vp in lerning shuld come by such sight experience in feats of war Neither did his death dissent from this his trade of liuing For being brought into his tent half dead when he was come to him self again had receiued his speache he demaunded this one thing of such as stode about him whether his ene mies had taken his shield from him when he was felled or no when he vnderstode it was saued he commaunded it to be broughte to him as the partaker of all his trauels and glory he kissed it Then he enquired again which parte had won the field and hearing that the Thebanes had gotteÌ„ it he said all was wel and so as it wer reioysing for his couÌ„tries sake he gaue vp the ghoste By the deathe of this man the prowesse of the Atheniens also decayed For after the time that he was once gon whose fotesteps they wer wont to fo low now geuing the selues all together to slouth idlenes they lashed out the common reuenues not vpon ships and men of warre as they had don in times past but in feastful daies and holy daies in making preparation for pagiants enterludes gathering theÌ„ selues together into the theaters to behold the famous stage players Poets visitinge oftner the stage then the campe setting more by versifiers and oratoures then by Captaines Then the common tresure wherwith men of war and mariners wer wont to be maintained began to be deuided amonge the people of the city By meanes wherof it came to passe that whyle the Greekes gaue them selues to idlenesse The name of the Macedones which before time was â—…ile and obscure sproÌ„g vp and grew to great honour that Philip who was kept iii. yeres as an hostage at Thebes being enstructed in all feates of armes and cheualry by 〈◊〉 and the Peloâ—… after his returne into his country laid the kingdoÌ„ of Macedony as a yoke of bondage vpon the neckes bothe of Grece and of â—…sia The seuenth Booke MAcedonie in auncient time was called â—…inathia after the name of emathio king of the couÌ„try who was the firste that gaue anye notable profe of his prowesse in those parts As this country encreased slowly by little and little so the boundes therof were very narowe The inhabitauntes were called Pclascians and the Country it self Bcotia But afterwarde throughe the prowesse of the kinges and industry of the people first by subduinge theyr
neighbors and shortly after other forrain people nations thempire therof was dilated euen to the vttermooste borders of the East In the region of Peonic whiche nowe is a portion of 〈◊〉 raigned by report 〈◊〉 the father of astriopeus whose name we here spoken of in the battel of Troy among the chiefest and moste â—…aliaunt defendours of the Citye And on the one side of Hellespont in Europe raigned a kig called Europe Caranâ—… also with a great multitude of Grekes being commaunded by thaunswer of the Oracle to seeke an habitation in Macedony when he came into emathia following a heard of Goats that â—…ed out of the shour of rain entred wan the â—…eld of edissa ere the meÌ„ of the town perceiued his coÌ„ming by reson of the greatnesse of the storm whervpon calling to minde the answer of the Oracle by which he was commaunded to seke a kingdome wher gotes should be his guides he appoynted it to be the seat of his kingdom And euer after he obserued deuoutlyâ—… that whether so euer he led any hoste he woulde haue the same gotes before his standerde to the entent that as they wer thautors of his kingdom so might they be also as leaders in all his enterprises And in remembraunce of thys benefit he chaunged the name of edyssa and called it 〈◊〉 the people therof 〈◊〉 Afterward when he had expulsed Midas for he also held a parte of Macedonie diuers other kings in the stead of theÌ„ all he succeded alone â—…irst of al gathering knitting together soÌ„dry sorts of people made as it wer one entire body of Macedonie laid a strong fouÌ„datioÌ„ for his kingdom hereafter to grow vpon After him raigned Perdicas whose life was notable the warnings at his last departure which wer as thanswer of an oracle worthy to be remebred For when he drue toward his end by reason of age he shewed his sonne Argeuâ—… the place in the which he wold be buried willing not only his owne body but also all the bodies of theÌ„ that shuld succede him in the kingdoÌ„ to be buried in the same place prophecying before that as long as the bones of his posterity were buried there so long the kingdoÌ„ shuld coÌ„tinue in his line family And vpon this superstition it is beleued that his ofspringe failed in great Alexander because he chauÌ„ged the place of burial argeus hauing gouerned the kingdoÌ„ with iustice and loue of his people left to succede him his soÌ„ne Philip who being surprised by hasty death substituted his heir Europe a very babe But the Macedones wer at continuall debate strife with the Thracians Illyrians by whose warres as by daily exercise being hardened they grew so famous redouted in feats of armes that all their neighbours were afraid of theÌ„ The Illirians therfore despising thinfancy of the yong king assailed the Macedones with battel who be ing put to the worse brougbt forth their king in his cradel set him before the battel beginning the field new againe as thoughe they had bene vanquished before vpon none other occasion but because they wanted y â— good luck of their king in the battell thincking to get the vpper hand and it were for none other cause elsse then that vpon this superstition they had perswaded them selues they shoulde win Moreouer they had pity compassion of the infant whome it was none other like but they should make a captine of a king if they should happen to be ouercome In the meane season Darius king of Perfia beinge put to shamefull flighte and driuen oute of Sâ—…ythia because he wold not seme to be dishonored euery wher by his losses in the warres sent 〈◊〉 with part of his army to subduâ—… Thrace thother kingdoms of that climat among the which for the slender regard estimation therof he should take Macedonie for one who shortly executing his masters coÌ„maundement sent ambassadors to Amyntas king of Macedonie demaunding hostages for performance of the peace that shuld be concluded betwene theÌ„ But thaÌ„bassadors be ing gently enterteined as they began to be somwhat ouer come with drink desired Amyntas that forasmuch as he had made them such a suÌ„ptuous feast he wold also grauÌ„t them the rights duties of familiarity that is to say that theyr sonnes their wiues their daughters mighte come kepe them coÌ„pany at the banket for it was counted amonge the Persians as a sure token pledge of hospitality frendlye entertainment Who comming in to bear them company the Persians began to daly with more wantonly then was semely conuenient Wher vpon AlexaÌ„der the son of amino tas desired his father to haue respect to his age grauity to withdraw himselfe from the banket promising to fynde meanes to delay the dalians of his quests wel inough wheÌ„ â—…yntas was gone Alexander called out the women one by one as though it had ben to dresse attire theÌ„ more gorgeously so to bring them in again In whose sted he dressed in womens apparel he sent yong men commauÌ„ding them to represse the waÌ„tonnes of thambassadors with their we pons that they caried vnder their garmeÌ„ts The which being done al thambassadors killed Mogabyzus knowing nothing hereof when he saw his ambassadors returned not a gaine sent thither Bubares with a parte of his hoste as to a war so easy so mean as that he disdained to troble himself therwith least men should speke dishonor of him for fighting against so base vile a kinde of people But 〈◊〉 be fore the battel being taken in loue with Amintas daughter leauing of the warres solempniled the marriage laying a side all rancor and emnity ioyned him self in aliaunce with his enemy After the departure of Bubares out of Macedone the kinge Amyntas deceased Unto whose sonne successor Alexander this affinity of Bubares did great ple sure For by meanes therof he not onlye liued in peace all the time of Darius but also grew in greate fauor wyth Xerxes In so muche that when like a tempest he inuaded all Grece he gaue him the seniory royalty of al the couÌ„tries betwene the mountaines of Olympus and Hemus Yet notwithstanding he enlarged his kingdom as much by his own prowes as by the liberality of the Persians At leÌ„gth by order of succession the kingdom of Macedone cam vnto Amyntas the sonne of his brother Menelaus This man al so was notable for his actiuity and endowed with al royall and warlike qualities He begate of his wife Eurydice thre sonnes AlexaÌ„der Perdicas and Philip the father of great Alexander and a daâ—…ghter named Euryone And of a nother wife called Cygea he engendred Archilaus Aridens 〈◊〉 who had sore warres first with the Illyrians and after wyth the Olyntâ—…ans But he had ben cut short by the treson of his wife Eurydice who concluding priuely a mariage wyth her sonne
sonne in law of antipater whome he had left his vicegerent in Macedone went about to worke treson against him For which cause fearing that if he should put him to death there wold rise summe commotion in Macedone he put hym in safekeping This doone he marched towarde the citye Gordis the which is situate betwene the greater and the lesser Phrygia The desire that Alexander had to get this city into his possession was not so muche for the spoyle of it as for because he hard say that in that City in the temple of Jupiter was the yoke of Gordius waine the knot wherof whosoeuer could vndoo should be king of all Asia as the auncient Oracles had prophesyed The occasion and originall hereof was this As one Gordius was going to plough in the country with Oxen that he had hired birdes of all sorts began to flie about him Whervppon as he went to aske counsell of the Southsayers of the city therby in the gate he mette with a maid of excellent beautye and demaundynge of her what Southsayer he were best to goo to When she heard thoccasion wherfore he woulde aske counsell beinge seene her selfe in the science by thenstruction of her Father and mother she answered that it meaned he should be a kinge and there vpon offred her selfe to be his partaker bothe of wedlock and of the kingdom y â— was behighted He thought himself happy to haue suche a faire offer at the first entrye of his kingdome After the marriage the Phrygians fell at discord among them selues And when they asked counsell of the Oracle how they mighte bringe it to an end answer was made that they could not end their controuersies with out the healpe of a king Demaunding again as touchinge the person of their king what manner of man he should be commaundement was geuen them to marke whom they saw first after their returne ridinge into the temple of Iupiter in a cart and to take him for their king The first man that they met was this gordius where vppon immediatlye they saluted him by the name of king The cart whâ—…rin he rode when the kingdome was laid vppon him he set in the temple of Iupiter and consecrated it for an offeringe as kinges are wont to doo at their coronation After this man raigned his sonne Midas who being traded vp by Orpheus in manye superstitious Ceremonies filled all the realme full of sectes of religion by the whyche he liued more in safegarde all his life then by his chiualry Alexander therfore hauinge taken the Towne when he came into the temple of Iupiter immediatlye enquired for the yoke of the Waine the whiche being broughte before him when he sawe he coulde not finde the end of the thonges that wer bidden within the wrethes constraining the Oracle to the vttermooste he cutte the wrethes a sonder with a sworde and so when he had losed the wreathes he found the endes of the knottes wythin the braides As he was a doing this tidinges was broughte him that Darius approched with a great hoast of men Whervpon fearyng to be enclosed within the straightes he passed the mountaine Taurus with all spede possible in the whiche haste he ran CCCCC furlonges When he came to Tarsus beinge muche delighted wyth the plesantnes of the riuer Cydnus which runneth through the mids of the city he cast of his harnesse and full of duste and â—…wet as he was threw him self naked into the cold wa ter wherwithall suche a nomnesse and stifnesse by and by strake through all his finewes that he lost his speche in so much that men thought he should not only neuer recouer it but also loked he shuld haue died presently Onlye there was one of his Phisitians named Philip which wold take vpon him to warrant to make him whole again And yet the same Phisition was had in great mistrust by reason of the letters sent the daye before oute of Cappadocia from Parmenio Who knowing nothing of Alexanders mischaunce wrote vnto him to beware of Philip the Phisition for he was corrupted by Darius for a great summe of mony Yet notwithstanding he thought it more for his safegard to coÌ„mit himself to the phisition though he more then halfe suspected him of treason then to abide the daunger of his disease wherof ther was no way but death Therfore be toke the drinke that the Phisition had made him and deliuered him the letter and as he drank he beheld his face stedfastly to se what countenance he wold make at the reding of it When he sawe him vnabashed he was glad of it and the iiii day after recouered his healthe Darius therfore wyth CCC M. fotemen and a C. M. horsmen proceded into battel This huge nomber of his enemies somwhat moued Alexander when he beheld howe fewe in respect he had hym self But then again he called to minde what great enterprises he had atcheued how mighty countries he had sub dued with that smal nomber Wherfore when hope had ex pulsed fear he thought it daungerous to delay the battell And to th entent his men shuld not be discoraged he rode a bout from band to band with sondry orations spake vnto eche kinde of people He encoraged the Illirians 〈◊〉 with promesse of richesse and substance The Grecians he set on fire with putting theÌ„ in mind of their batels in time past of the continual hatred that they had with the Persi sians The Macedones he admonished of Europe by theÌ„ all redy coÌ„quered of Asia now chalenged bosting of theÌ„ that there wer not y â— like men of power strength as they wer in al y â— world Of al which their trauels this battell should be y â— final end to their high renown estimatioÌ„ As he had said these words he coÌ„mauÌ„ded his battels to staÌ„d stil again to th entent y e by this pausing they might enure theÌ„ selues to behold y â— huge noÌ„ber of their enemies with opeÌ„ eies Da rius also was not behinde the haÌ„d in ordring of his battels For wheras it beloÌ„ged to the duty of his captains to haue don it he weÌ„t himself in proper person froÌ„ rank to raÌ„k exhorting theÌ„ al to play the men putting the in remeÌ„braÌ„ce of thanciet renown of the PersiaÌ„s of the perpetual possession of thempire geuen theÌ„ by the gods immortal This don both tharmies with great corage buckled together In the which battell both kings wer wouÌ„ded the victory huÌ„g in doutful balaÌ„ce so loÌ„g vntil Darius forsoke the field Then ensued the slaughter of y â— Persians ther were slain of fotemeÌ„ lx one M. of horsmen x. M. and xl M. wer taken prysoners Of the Macedones wer killed a C. xxx fotemen a C. l. horsmen In the teÌ„ts of the Persians was fouÌ„d much gold other riches AmoÌ„g others wer takeÌ„ prisoners Dari us mother his wife which also was his sister and ii of hys daughters WhoÌ„ when
among them as concerninge the actes of kinge Philip he began to prefer hym self before his father extolling the greatnesse of hys owne dedes aboue the skies where vnto the greater parte of his gestes assented Therfore when Clytus one of the old men vpon trust of the kinges frendship as one that in that respect was the chiefest about him toke vpon him to defende the fame and renowne of Phillip standing in the prayse of his noble actes he offended the kinge so sore that he snatched a weapon out of one of his gardes hand and slue hym at the table At the which murther trimling he cast him in the teth as he laye deade with his defendinge of Phillip and wyth the praise and commendation of his fathers warres But after his minde beinge satisfied with the slaughter began to quiet it selfe in steade of anger entred aduisemente and considering sometime whome he had slaine and sometime vpon what occasion he slue him he began to repent him of that he had doone that he had taken his fathers prayses in suche displesure as he ought not to haue taken reprochfull wordes lamenting that he should be so much ouersene as to kil his frend being an old mā and hauing not trespassed against him as he was making mery Thervppon beynge turned with like rage to repentaunce as he was cuē now vnto anger he wished himself out of the world First he fel a weping then he toke vp the dead body in his armes searched his woundes confessed his madnesse to him as if he coulde haue hearde him pulled out the weapon setting it to his owne harte and had slaine him selfe if his frendes had not wrasted the weapon out of his hande He continued in this wilfuluesse to die certain daies after For the more to augment his sorow and repentans came to his minde the remembraunce of Clytus sister who was his nourse of whom allbeit she was not there yet was he moost ashamed in himself that he had so shamefully rewar ded her for noursing of him as now being man grown and a conqueror to present her that had borne him in her armes all the time that he was a childe with the corse of her brother in recompence of her good turnes Moreouer he thought with himselfe what tales and slaunders he had raised of himself in his armye and amonge the nations that he had conquered what a fear and secreat hatred toward himself he had striken into the harts of his other frends how bitter and lothsom he had made his own table being not so terrible armed in the field as sitting naked at his meate Then came to his remembraunce Parmenio and Phylotas then came Amyntas his Sisters sonne then came his mother in lawe and her brothers that were put to death then came attalus Eury◅ochus pansanias and other noble men of Macedone whose liues he had taken away Herevpon he obstinatlye forsoke his meate iiii daies together vntil his whole host came and intreted him beseching that he would not so lament the death of one man as ther by to cast them all away hauing broughte them to the vttermoste of the barbarous nations there to be lefte destitute among the middes of their enemies that moste hated them and whome they had stirred thervnto by battell Greatly herevnto profited the intretaunce and perswasion of the Philosopher Callysthenes who had ben familier with him when they were both scholers vnder Aristotle and as then lately sent for to put his actes in wrytinge Therfore when he had set his minde againe to the warres he receyued the Chorasmians and Dracans by composition Afterward to th entent all thinges should be more spiteful the whiche one poynte of statelinesse taken of the custome of the Persians he had hitherto delayed he gaue commaundemente they should no more salute him but adore him Callysthenes was one of them that stoode sti◅iest againste his purpose The which thing was the confusion of himselfe and of many of the noble men of Macedone For vnder the colour of treson they wer all put to death Neuerthelesse the Macedones held stil their custom of saluting their kings vtterly casting away reiecting the manner of adoring After this he marched toward Inde to th entent he might bound hys Empire at the Ocean sea thuttermost parte of the East To the which renown y ◠thornaments of his army myght be agreable he ouerlaid the trappers of the horses tharmor of his soldiers with siluer after their siluer shieldes he named his whole hoste argyraspides When he cam to the City Nisa for as muche as the men of the towne vppon a certain superstitious confidens that they had in their God Bacchus who was the founder therof made no coūtenans of resistence he cōmaunded his men should do no harme to it greatly reioysing that he had not only folowed y ◠warres but also the verye fotesteppes of the God From ◅ence he led his host to see the holy Mount the which of it owne nature was beset with vines and Iuye in suche order as if it had bene dressed with mannes hande and set by conning of workmen Assone as his host came at the mountain beinge moued through a sodain instinct of the minde to the hollye howlings of the God they skattered here and there without any harm taking to the great admiration of the king Wherby he might perceiue that in sparing the town◅mē he did his own army as great plesure as he did them Thē went he to Daedalus hils and to the kingdom of Quene Cleo phis who yelding her selfe receiued her kingdome againe paying for the raunsome therof certaine nightes lodgynge with Alexander at whose hand she obtained throughe her pleasaunt daliaunce and enticements the thing she coulde neuer haue gotten by force of armes The sonne that she conceiued by him she named Alexander who afterwarde enioyed the kingdom of Inde Cleophis the Quene for defiling of her chastitye was euer after called of the Indians the kinges Concubine When he had trauelled throughe Inde he came to a rocke os meruelous bignesse and rough nesse into the which many people wer fled from winning wherof it was told him that Hercules was prohibited by an earthquake Being therfore inflamed with desire to sur mount the doings of Hercules with great labor and peril he obtained the rock Whervpon al the people roūd about yelded them selues vnto him whome he tooke vnto grace There was one of the kynges of Inde whose name was Porus a man of meruelous strength of body and of wonderfull stoutnesse of stomacke who hearinge of the fame of Alexander prepared for the Warre agaynste hys comminge Therfore when it came to the encounter he willed his men to set vppon the Macedones and to let him alone with their kinge for he woulde fight hande to hande wyth him himself And Alexander made no tariance to the combate But at the firste encounter his horse beinge wounded vnder him he
his sonne that he shoulde not truste anye man sauing Thessalus and his brothers For this cause therfore was the bankette prepared and dressed in the house of 〈◊〉 Philip and 〈◊〉 which wer wonte to be the kynges cuppe bearers and his tasters had the poyson in colde water the whiche water they tasted and caste it vpon the drinke The fourthe daye after Alexander perceiuing there was no way with hym but death sayde he acknowledged the desteny of the house of his 〈◊〉 For the Aeacides for the mooste parte dyed 〈◊〉 they came to xxx yeres of age Then he appeased hys souâ—… dioures whiche began to make an vprore mistrusting the kinge to be killed by treason and beinge borne vp into the highest and openest place that could be founde in all the cityâ—… and there laide for the vpon a couch he admitted them all to his presence and put forthe his righte hand to them to kisse as they stode wepinge about him And wheras all the company wept to beholde him in that case he not onlye shed forthe neuer a teare but also was withoute any kinde of token ofsorowe or 〈◊〉 in so much that he comforted certayne of them that made greate sorowe and lamentation for the matter Unto some he gaue commaundements and errands to doo to their frendes from him So that like as hys harte was inuincible toward the enemy so was it inuincible also againste deathe When he had sente awaye his souldioures he demaunded of hys frendes as they stode about hym whether they thought they shuld finde the like kynge againe or no. Euerye man holdynge his peace he sayde that as he knew not that so he perfectly knew and prophesied yea and in maner saw it presently before his eies how much bloud Macedone shoulde spende in that quarel and with how greate slaughter occision of men it should do obsequies for him after his departure At the last he willed his body to be buried in the Temple of Hammon When hys frendes sawe him drawe on they asked who shoulde be heir of hys Empyre He aunswered the worthiest So greate was the courage of hys harte that wheras he left behinde him hys sonne Hercules hys brother Arideus and his wife Roxanes great with chylde for gettinge all 〈◊〉 and aliaunce hee denounced him to be his heire that was worthyest As thoughe it hadde not beene lawfull for anye man to succeade a valiaunt manne then as valiaunte a man as he or to leaue the richesse of so great a kingdome to any other then to such as were tride men with thys word as though he had blowen a trompet among his noble men or sowne the sede of mischief and delate euery one became enemy to other in his hart wyth colourable flattery priuely sought the good wils and fauor of the men of warre The vi day wheÌ„ his speche was gon he tooke a ringe of his finger and deliuered it to Perdicas the which thinge appeased the dissention of his frendes all ready beginning to bud For allbeit he were not pronounced heir by word by mouthe yet notwithstanding it semed it was his minde he should be his heire Alexander deceased of the age of xxxiii yeares and one monthe a man endued with stoutnesse of courage aboue the power of mannes fraile nature The same nighte that his mother Olympias conceiued him she dreamed she had to do with a great dragon neither was she deceiued of God in her dreame for out of all dout she bare in her wombe a piece of worke exceding the frailnesse of mannes nature And althoughe she were renowmed bothe for the house of Aeacus froÌ„ whence by auncient descent of so many C. yeres â—…he was lineallye â—…xtract and also because her father her brother her husbaÌ„d and all her auncestors and progenitoures were kinges yet was she in none of all those respectes so muche to be estemed as for her owne sonne Many wondrous foretokens of his greatnesse appered euen at his birth For the same day that he was borne two Egles stode all day vpon the toppe of his fathers house representing a token of his dowl Empire of Europe and Asia And the very same daye also hys father had tidâ—…nges broughte him of two victories the one of a battell against the Illyrians the other of the gamynge at the mountaine Olympus vnto the which he hadde sent his chariots The whyche was a token that the child shuld be conqueror of all countries Duringe hys childehode he was brought vp straightly to his learning when he grew towarde mannes estate he encreased in knowledge vnder Aristotle the 〈◊〉 teacher of al Philosophers Aâ—…terward when he had taken the kingdome vpon him he proclaimed himself king of all landes and of the whole world and so behaued himself among his souldiers that if he 〈◊〉 with them there was no enemy could make them afraide although they had beane naked them selues Therfore he neuer encountred with any enemy but he ouercame him he neuer besieged city but he wan it nor neuer entred any country but he subdued it And yet at the last he was ouercome not by force of the enemy but by the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 treason of his owne subiectes The thirtenthe Booke ALexander y â— great being dispatched out of the way in the very floure of his age and of his conquests al men were striken in so heauye dumpes and in especially all the citye of Babilon But the nations whome he had subdued could not geue credite to the reporte because that as they beleued him to be inuincible so also they thoughte him to be immortall calling to remembraunce how often he had bene deliuered from present death and how oftentimes when he had loste his weapon sodainly he shewed himself amonge hys men not only safe and sound but also gettinge the vpper hande But when they were throughlye perswaded that he was dead in dede all the barbarous nations whom he had conquered a litle before mourned for him not as for an ennemye but as for a father Moreouer the mother of Darius whome after the losse of her sonne beinge her selfe fallen from the stage of so highe estate it repented not of her lyfe vnto that day for the great clemency and fauoure that she found in â—…er conqueror when she hard of AlexaÌ„ders death did rid herselfe oute of this life not because she sette more by her ennemy then by her own sonne but because she had found the naturall loue of a sonne in him whome she toke for her enemy On the other part the Macedones cleane coÌ„trary mour ned not for him as for their countryman or as for a kinge of such a maiesty but reioysed as if they had lost an enemy cursing his ouergreat seueritye and continuall ieoperdies that he put them vnto by his warres Besides this the princes gaped for the pertition of his kingdomes and prouinces and the common souldioures for his treasures and for a great masse of gold as a
his person that in hautinesse of courage in knowledge of Philosophy and in strength of body he farre excelled all them by whome the Easte was conquered For when Alexander the greate being very fore moued to anger against Callysthenes the Philosopher for speaking agaynste the adoring of him after the manner of the Persians had appeached the said Callysthenes of treason and there vpon cruelly mangled him by cuttinge of his eares hys nose his liâ—…pes that all menne pitied and lamented to behold howe miserablye he was handled and moreouer caried him about with him shutte vp with a dogge in a cage to the terrible ensample of all other Then Lysimachus who was wont euer before to hear Callysthenes and to receiue enstructions of vertue at his hand taking pity and compassion to see so worthye a manne punished not for anye fault but for vsinge his libertye in speakinge gaue hym poyson to ridde him out of his calamities Wherwith Alexander was so sore agreued that he commaunded hym to be cast vnto a fierce Lion But when the Lion at the first sight of him came running with open mouthe vpon him Lysimachus wineding his arme in a Towell thruste his hand into the Lyons mouth and pulling out his tong killed the beast The which thing when it was declared to the kyng he thought it such a wonder that he was appeased towardes him and euer after sette more store by him for his so great stedfastnesse in vertue Lysimachus also with a noble courage toke the despight that the kynge had doone to him as mekely as if it had bene done by his owne father Finally putting quite oute of his minde the rememberaunce of this displeasure Afterwarde in Inde as the kyng pursued certaine of his ennemies that were dispersed when he hadde throughe the swiftnesse of hys horse lost the companye of all his gard This Lysimachus alone ran foote by foote with him and kepte him company by his horse side through vnmeasurable fieldes of dry sande The whiche thinge his brother Philippe attempting before to haue doone died betweene the Kynges handes But as Alexander alyghted from his horse hee wounded Lysimachus so sore in the fooreheade wyth the poynt of his speare that the bloude coulde not otherwise be stopped but that to bynde vp the wound wythall the kyng was fain to take the Drademe from hys own hed and set it vpon his the which was then firste of all a fortunate fortoken that Lysimachus should after aspire to the estate of a kinge And after the death of Alexander when the prouinces were deuided among his successoures the cruellest natyons were assigned to Lysimachus as to the valiantest person of all others for farre did he by the consent of al men excede all the residue in manhoode and prowesse Before the battell shoulde be foughte betwene Ptolomy and hys adherentes against Antâ—…onus Seleuchus departing sodenly out of the greater Asia became a new ennemye vnto antigonus This mannes prowesse also was notable and his begetting wonderfull For his mother Laodice beinge maried to Antiochus a noble manne among the captaynes of king Philip dreamed in her sleepe that she conceyued and was greate with childe by apollo and that in recom pence for lying with him the God gaue her a Kynge in the stone wherof was engraued the lykenesse of an Aâ—…ker commaundinge her to geue it to her sonne whome she should bryng forth This vision was wonderful both for the ringe of the same engrauinge that was feunde in her bedde the next morning and for the figure of the anker which was founde in the thighe of Seleuchus beinge a little Babe when he was newly borne and so continued and grewe with him Wherfore Laodice when Seleucus should go with great Alexander to the warfare agaynste the Persians enforming him of the maner of his begetting gaue him the ringe Wheras after the deathe of Alexander obtaining the Empire of the East he builded a City and there consecrated the memoriall of the original of the stone For he both called the Citye Antioche after the name of hys father and also dedicated the fieldes about the city to Apollo The token of his begettinge remained also with his posterity For his children and childrens children had an Anker in their thigh as a naturall marke of their linage He made many battels in the Eastafter the deuision of the kingdome of Macedone amonge the pieres of the realme First he toke Babilon by force then being encrease din power by reason of that victory he conquered the Bactrians Afterwarde he made an enteraunce into Inde whiche after the deathe of Alexander hauing as it were caste of the yoke of bondage from their neckes had slaine all his lieuetenauntes The author of this libertye was one Sondrocotte but after the victorye he turned this pretence of libertye into seruitude For by vsurping vppon him the kingdome he oppressed wyth hys owne tiranny the people whome he had deliuered from foraine subiection This man was borne of lowâ—…degree but driuen to take the kingdom vpon him by the present aid of God For when he had vpon a time offended Alexander with his malapertnesse and that the king had com maunded him to be put to death he saued his life by swift nesse of his fete After the which being very wearye and lying fast a sleepe A Lyon of maruelous hugenesse came to him as he slept â–ª and with his tounge licked of the swet that issued from him and when he awaked went gentlye away Bâ—…ing by this wonderfull foretoken firste moued to hâ—…pe of the kingdome he gathered together anoâ—…ber of robbers and stirred the Indians â–ª to rebellyon Afterward as he was makinge preparation for the warres against â–ª Alexanders lieuetenaunts a wylde Elephant of maruelous bignesse offred hymselfe to him of hys owne accord and as though he had bene tame mekely receyued hym vppon hys backe â–ª and he became a valiaunt captain and a notable warryoâ—…re Sandrocotte hauynge thus gotten the kyngdome the verye same time that Seleucus layed the foundation of the greatnesse that he after grew vnto held all Inde â–ª with whome Seleucus enteryâ—…ge a league and hauing set his affaires at a stay in the Easte came to the warres set against Antigonus The armyes therfore of the confederates beinge assembled together there was a field fought In the whyche Antigonus was slayne â–ª and hys sonne Demetrius put to flyghte But the confederates after they had by battell dispatched theyr â–ª enemies fell together by the eares againe amonge them selues and for because they could not agree in parting of the pray they sundred them selues into two partes Seleucus ioyned himselfe with Demetrius and Ptolomy with Lisimachus Cassander being deceased his sonne Philippe succeded him And so new warres sprong vp a fresh agayn in Macedone ¶ The. xvi Booke AFter the deathe of Cassander and hys sonne Philip one immediatly ensuinge the other Thessalonice the Quene and wife
of Cassander ere it was long time after entreatynge for her life eâ—…en by she wynge her brestes to moue him to pitye was crueâ—…ly slain by her sonne antipater The cause of the murther was this by reason that after the death of her husband when the kyngdome should be deuided she semed to be more fa uourable to Alexander The whych act apeared so much the more heynous in all mennes eyes by reason the mother ment no deceipte in the matter And yet to saye the trouthe there canne be no cause alledged iustly to excuse one for killing their father or theyr mother Alexander therfore vpon this occasyon entendynge to make warre vpon hys brother to reuenge hys mothers death desired healpe of Demetrius And Demetrius was easye to entreat in hope to inuade the kingdome of Macedone Of whose coÌ„ming Lysimachus being afraid perswaded hys son in law Antâ—…pater to fal to agremeÌ„t with his brother rather then to suffer his fathers enemy to enter into Macedone Demetrius perceiuing that a reconcilement was entreted vpon betwene the. ii brethren slew Alexander through great treson inuading the kingdome of Macedone to the entent to excuse himself of the murder before his men of war he called them together There he aledged y â— Alexander had lien in wait for him before and that he hadde not committed but only preuented the treason Saying it was more reson he himself shuld be kyng then the other bothe for because of his yeares he was of more discretion experiens and also for other consyderations For his father had accompanied both king Phillip grâ—…at Alexander in all their warres and afterwarde had serued Alexander as a captain in pursuing the rebels Where as on the contrary parte Antipater the graundfather of these yongmen was alwaies a more roughe gouernoure of the kingdome then the kinges them selues And Cassander the father of them the roter vp of the kings house spared neither women nor children nor neuer ceased vntill he had vtterly destroyed all the ofspring of the kings posteritye The reuengement of these milcheues for because he could not execute it vpon Cassander him self he said was transferred vnto his children Wherefore both Phillip and Alexander if the dead haue anye perseueraunce woulde not that the roters out of them and their issue but rather the punishers of those traitors should enioy the kingdome of Macedone The people being by this meanes mitigated proclaimed him king of Macedone Lysimachus also beinge entangled with the warres of Dromychet king of â—…hrace to y â— entent he would not be constrained to haue battel the self same time with Demetrius also yelded to him thother part of Macedone that fell to the lot of his sonne in law Antipater and made peace with him Demetrius therfore being furnished with the whole power of all Macedone when as he was mineded to conquere Asia Ptolomy Seleuchus and Lysimachus hauing tried by the former conflict what a strength concord was of entred in league againe and ioyning their hastes together remoued the warres into Europe against Demetrius Pyrrhus kinge of Epyre hoopinge that Demetrius might as easly and lightly forgoo Macedone as he cam by it ioyned him self with them as a fellowe and companion in their war And his hope deceiued him not For he fouÌ„d the meanes to corrupt his army with rewardes whereby he put him to flight and seised the kingdome of Macedone into his owne handes While these thinges were a doing Lysimachus put his sonne in law Antipater to deathe because he repined and 〈◊〉 that the kingdome of Macedone hys â–ª rightfull inheritaunce was taken from him throughe the falshod of his father in law And because his daughter eurydice toke her husbands part in making like exclamatioÌ„ he put her in pryson And so al the house of CassaÌ„der part ly by murder and partly by execution suffred due punishment in the behalfe of great Alexander whether it were for working of his death or for destroying of his issue and posterity Demetrius also being ouercharged with so many hostes wheras he might haue died honorablye chose rather to yeld himself to Seleuchus shamefully When theese warres were ended Ptolomy with great renowme of hys actes and enterprises died He contrary to the coÌ„mon law of all nations somewhat before he fell sycke had resigned the kingdome to the yongest of his sonnes and of hys so doing he rendred a reason to the people who fauored the sonne no lesse for receiuing the kingdome then the father for deliuering of it Amonge other examples of naturall loue and affection shewed on both partes betwene the father and the sonne â–ª this thing wan the hartes of the comminalty to the yoÌ„g man that the father after the time he had openly surrendred the kingdome vnto him executed the office of one of the garde and serued the kinge as an other priuate person sayinge it was far more honorable for a man to be father to a kinge then to be a kynge hym selfe But discorde the continuall mischief among pieres stirred vp strife betwene Lysimachus and Pyrrhus a litle be fore fellowes and confederates agaynste Demetrius Lysimachus getting the vpper hand droue Pyrrhus oute of Macedone and toke it into his owne haÌ„d After this he made war against Thrace and then against the city Heraclea y â— original end of which city wer wonderful both of theÌ„ For vpon a time wheÌ„ the Beoâ—…ans wer afflicted wyth a sore plage answer was geuen them at thoracle of delphos y â— they shuld build a city in the country of Pontus dedicate it vnto Hercules Now when as for fear of the long perillous sayling desiring al to die in their own country rather then to enterprise so loÌ„g a iourny the matter was omitted y â— Phocenses made war against theÌ„ By whoÌ„ being diuers times put to Y e worse they ran to the oracle again for couÌ„sel Answsr was made them y â— the same thing y â— shuld remedy â—…he pestilens shuld remedy y â— war Wher vpon gathering a litle noÌ„ber of men they sailed into Metapont builded the city Heraclea And forasmuch as thes had ben brought thither by thordinance of god w tin short space after they grew to great welth In proces of tyme this city had many battels with their neighbors much mischefe among theÌ„ selues through ciuil dissetioÌ„ Among other honorable dedes this in especially is worthye to be remeÌ„bred At suche time as the Atheniens bare the souerainty and hauing vanquished the Persians had raised a taxe bothe in Grece Asia for the maintenaunce of theyr flete wheras all other to saue theÌ„ selues harmlesse gladly gaue theÌ„ their asking onlye the Heracliens for the fauor they bare to the kings of Persia refused to be coÌ„tributary to y â— taxe Malachus therfore being sent froÌ„ Athens wyth an army to take perforce the thing y â— was denied whyles he weÌ„t abrode to wast
the coun trye not deliuered For Satir the brother of Clearche after the same sort toke vpon him the tiranny aud the Heracleans many yeres after by degre of descent were vnder subiection of Tirannes ¶ The. xvii Booke ABout the same time well nie ther hapned a maruelous great earthquake in the countries of Hâ—…llespont and Chemesosus and the Citye Lylimachia being builded by Lyâ—…imachus not past a two and twenty yeres before was ouerthrowne the which wonder betookened horrible misfortune to Lysimachus and his ofspring with the decaye of his kingdome and the destruction of those countries that were vered therwyth And loke as was betokened therby so cam it to pas For within a short time after Lysimachus conceiuing a deadly hatred not only beyoÌ„d the course of a naturall father but also beyond all manhode and humanity against his sonne Agathocles whom he had proclaimed heir apparent of his kingdom by whom he had atcheued many battels prosperously by the mean and working of his stepmother Aâ—…syrice he poysoned This was the first sore of the mischief that was towards him this was the beginning of y â— ruin that hung â—…uer his head For after the murthering of his own sonne he fel to killinge of his noble men whome he executed for none other oâ—…fence then because they bewaâ—… led the death of his son By meanes wherof such as were chief officers in his campe reuolted by plumpes vnto Sâ—…leucus whom being of himself prone thervnto vpoÌ„disdaâ—… enuy at thother mannes glory they compelled to make war against Lysimacbus This was the last contention betwene them that had serued Alexander in the warres as it were a match reserued by fortune for exaÌ„ples sake Lysimachus was lxxiiii yeares olde and Seleueus â–ª lxxvii but in this age there was none of them both but he hadde a yong mannes â—…art and an iâ—…satiable desyre of dominion For when as they two alone held the whole worlde betwene them yet they thoughte them selues enclosed in a straight measuring the terme of their life not by the length of their yeres but by the boundes of their Empyre In that battell Lysimachus hauing loste before by dyuers chaunces xv children now dying manfully lastlye made himself the full and finall decaye of his owne house Seleucus reioysâ—…ng in so great a victory and that which he thought to be a greater matter then the victory that he onlye of Alexanders retinew remained and became conqueror of the conquerors bosted that it was not the work of maÌ„ but the very gift of God being vâ—…terly ignoraunte that it should not be long after ere he himself should become an example of the frailty of man For about vii moneths after by the pollicye of Ptolomy who had taken the syster of Lyâ—…machus in mariage he was surprised and slaâ—…ne and so with his life lost the kingdome of Macedone that he had taken from Lysimachus Ptolomy therfore being very diligent to curry fauour with the comminalty in remembraunce of his father Ptolomy the Great and for reuengâ—…g y â— death of Lysimachus fyrst of all determined to win the sonnes of Lysimachus vnto him and thervpoÌ„ made sute to their mother Arsinoe his sister to haue her to his wife promisinge to adopt the 〈◊〉 to th entent that when he had succeded in their roume what for reuerence to their mother or for the name of father they should not be so bolde as to attempt any thing agaynst him Moreouer he earnestlye sued by his letters to haue the fauor of his brother y e king of Egipt protestinge that he bare him no displeasure for takyng his fathers kingdome from him and y â— he woulde not any more sâ—…ke the thing at his brothers hand whiche he had with more honor gotten at the hand of his fathers enemy Furthermore he sought all the meanes he coulde deuise to winde him selfe into fauor with Emnâ—…nes and Antigonus the sonnes of Demetrius and with antiochus the soÌ„ne of Seleucus with the which he was like to â—…aue warre to â—…ntent he would not haue to do with iii. enemies at ones Nether omitted he Pâ—…rrhus king of Epyre as one that was like to be no small furtheraunce to what parte so euer he enclined himself who also coueting to set them all beside the sadle made fair countenaunce and set himselfe as it were to sale to them al. Therfore when as he was about to aid the Tarentines againste the Romaines he desyred of antigonus to lend him shippes to conuey ouer his armye of antiochus who was better furnished with rychesse then with men of warre he requested to borow a pece of mony of Ptolomy he demaunded to send to his ayd a crewe of the souldioures of Macedone But Ptolomy who by reason of his owne weaknesse was not able to bear with him long lent him fiue thousand footemen foure thousande horsemen and fifty Elephantes for no lenger time then ii yeres In consideration wherof taking the daughter of Ptolomy in mariage â–ª Pyrrhus left him for protectoure of hys kingdome But forasmuch as we fall in remembrance of Epyre I thinke good to entreat a little of the originall of the same First of all the Molosses raigned in that region Afterward Pyrrhus the sonne of achilles hauynge loste hys fathers kingdome by being absent at the battell of Troy reasted in the same countrye which after his name were first called Pyrrhides and after Epyrotes But Pyrrhus when he came into the Temple of Iupiter of Dodone to aske counsell rauished there anasa the nece of Hercules by whom afterward takinge her to wife he begate viii children Of the whiche some of theym beynge verye gentle and beutifull younge Ladies he marryed to the kynges that were his neighboures by meanes of whiche aliaunces he purchased great power and richesse And so leauyng the kingdome of the Chaonians with andromache the wife of Hector which in the diuision of the boty at the winnynge of Troye fel to his lot to be his wife vnto Helenus the sonne of king Priâ—…mus for his singuler knowledge in Prophecy within a while after by the treason of Orestes the sonne of Agamemnon he was slayne at Delphos euen before the aultare of the God After him succeded his sonne Pylates At lengthe by order of successyon the kingdom descended to Arymba Ouer whome because he was fatherlesse and that there were no moo alyue of that noble race but he of verye earnest desyre that the whole realme had to preserue him and bring him vp there wer certain protectoures appoynted by the common consent of the realm to haue the ouer syght and gouernance of hym Furthermore he was sente to Athens to schoole and looke howe muche he was better learned then hiâ—… predecessoures so much also was he better beloued amonge his subiectes For he was the fyrste that made lawes ordained a counsell appoynted yearely officers and established the estate of the common
weale And like as Pyrrhus fyrste gaue the people their dwelling so Arymba brought them first to the trade of ciuil ordinaunce and liuing This mannes sonne was Neoptolemus who did beget Olympias the mother of great Alexander and Alexander that after hys decease enioyed the kingdome of Cpyre and dyed in the warres of Italy among the Brutians After his departure his brother Aeacides succeaded in the kingdome who by wearying his subiectes with daily and continuall war againste the Macedones gate â—…uche a displesure among them that they banished him y e reaâ—…me leauing behinde him in the kingdome a childe of 〈◊〉 yeres old called Pyrrhus who being sought for also by the people to be put to death for y â— hatred they bare to his father was priuely conueyed awaye and borne into Illyria and deliuered vnto Beroe the wife of king Glaucia to be kept vp the which Beroe also was extract of the house of Aeacus There the kinge whether it were that he pityed hys misfortune or that he weâ—… allured with his childish flateringes did defend him a great while againste Cassander king of Macedone demaunding him with great threats that he would make sharpe warres vppon him onlesse he deliuered him and besides this protection of him he also adopted him to be his sonne With the which thinges the Cpyrotes being moued tourninge their hatred into compassyon called him into the realme againe beinge of the age of eleuen yeres appoynting protectoures to haue the ouersight and gouernment of him and his kingdom vntill he came to mannes estate Afterwarde when he was ones past childhode he sought manye battels he began to be counted of suche power wisdome and pollicye that men thoughte no man able to maintain the Tarentines against the Romaines but only him The. xviii Booke PIrrhus king of Epyre therfore when as the Tarentines had sent their ambassadors to him the second time and that the Samuits Lucanes who al so had then neade of aide againste the Romaines made earnest sute and request vnto him for succor not so much moued with the entretance of his suters as induced with hope to inuade the Empire of Italy promised to come with an armye Unto the whiche thing after that his minde was ones enclined the examples of his auncestoures draue him hedlonges forwardes to the entent he wold not seme inferior to his vncle Alexander who hadde defended the sayde Tarentines agaynste the Brutians or to be of lesse courage then great Alexander who hadde made warre so sarre from his owne countrye and subdued the East Where vppon leauinge his sonne Ptolomy of the age of xv yeres as regent of his kingdome he landed his armye in the hauen of Tarent leadynge with him hys two yonger sonnes Helen and Alexander to beare him company in his farre expedition Of whose arriuall the Romaine consull Valerius Leunius hearing making haste to encounter with him before the aides of his confederates were assembled broughte hys men into the field neither did the king although he had nothing so many men of warre as his ennemies detracte the encounter But where as the Romaines had gotten the vpper hand and were at the poynt to haue putte hym to flight he constrained them at the vglye shape of the Elephants first to stande as amased and by and by after to forsake the field and so the straunge monsters of Macedone sodainly vanquished them hauinge all readye gotten the victory Neuerthelesse he obtained not the victorye without much bloudshed For Pyrrhus himselfe was sore woun ded and a great part of his Souldioures slaine so that he gate by that victory more honoure then cause to reioyce Many cities following the fortune of this battell yelded them selues to pyrrhus Amongest others also the Locrines betraying the Romaine garrison reuolted to pyrrhus Of that pray Pyrrhus sent home two hundred Romaine souldioures scotfree to Rome to the entente that as the Romaines had knowen of his puissaunce so they might also knowe of his liberalitye Within a few daies after when the hostes of his confederates were come he foughte an other battell with the Romaines in the whiche the fortune was like vnto the former battell In the meane season Mago captaine of Carthage beynge sent to the ayd of the Romaines with a hundred and tweÌ„ty shyppes came before the Senate sayinge it greatlye greued the Carthaginenses that a foraine kynge shoulde be suffred to make warre in Italy For whiche consideration he was sent that for as much as they were assailed by a foraine ennemy they mighte be rescued by for raine succoures The Senate gaue the Carthaginenses hartye thankes and sent away their succoures againe But Mago accordinge to the nature of a man of affricke wythin a fewe dayes after as though he ment to procure peace for the 〈◊〉 went secreatly to pyrrbus entending to feele his minde and to learne what he purposed as concerning Sicill whether it was reported he was sent for For the Carthaginenses sent aid to the Romaines For noone other occasion but that Pyrrhus mighte haue so muche to doo with the Romaines in Italy that he myghte haue no leysure to passe into Sicill While theese thinges were in doing Fabritius Lucinus being sent ambassadoure from the Senate of Rome coÌ„cluded a peace with Pirrhus for the confirmation wherof Cyneas beinge sent from Pirrhus with great giftes and rewardes could finde no man that would ones open his doore to receiue a reward Another example like vnto this continency of the Romaines hapned almost the very same time For the Senate sent ambassadoures into Egipte to whome Ptelomy the kynge sent riche presentes the which they vtterly refused with in a day or twaine after they were bidden to supper and crownes of goulde sent them the which at that time they receiued for honour of the kinge and the next daye after they set them vpon the kinges Images Cyneas therfore when he had brought word howe the peace with the Romains was infringed by â—…ppius Claudius being demauÌ„ ded of Pyrrhus what maner of thiâ—…g Rome was he aunswered that it semed to him to be a City of kinges After this came vnto him the ambassadoures of the Sicilians rendering into his handes the right and 〈◊〉 of the whole Iland whiche was then vexed with the continuall warres of the Carthaginenses Therfore leauynge his sonne Alexander at Lorres and hauynge well manned the other Cities with strong garrisone he wasted ouer his army into Sicill And for as much as we be come to entreat of the Carthaginenses I must speake a 〈◊〉 as concerning theyr originall repeting somewhat what deper the dedes of the Tyrians whose chaunces also wer much to be lamented The nation of the Tyrians was founded by the Phenicians who being troubled with an earthquake forsaking their natiue soyle inhabited fyrst the lake of Assyria and anone after the neâ—…te â—…ea coaste buildinge in the same place a Citye whiche of the aboundaunce of Fyshe
to liue vppon the spoyle made the country so hot that no man almost durste stirre abroade Dennis therfore king of Sicil being in manner wearyed with the continuall complaintes of his confederates sent ouer syre hundred Afres to suppresse them whose castle by the treason of a woman called Brutia they won and there builded a city which was soone peopled by the confluens of the shepheardes resorting thither vpon hope of the new city and they called them selues Brutians after the name of the woman The firste warre that they had was with the Lucanes the authors of their begynninge With the which victory being encouraged and hauynge concluded an equall and indiâ—…erent peace with theÌ„ they conquered their other neighbours by the sword and they gat so great richesse and power within a while that they seemed pernitious and able to doo displeasure euen vnto kinges Finally A lerander king of Epire comminge into Italy with a great hoste to the aid of the Greke Cityes was wythall his army by them vtterly destroyed Wher vppon their cruelnesse being enflamed wyth contynuall successe of prosperity became terrible to their neighbors a long time after At the last Agathocles beinge called to help in hope to enlarge his kingdome passed out of Sicilie into Italy As he was comming toward them for fear of his puissaunce they sent their ambassadoures to hym requesting him of peace and frendship Whome Agathocles biddinge to supper to the entent they shoulde not see the shippinge of his armye appoynted to common wyth them the next day and so in the meane while toke shippe priuely and stale ouer from them But the ende of thys fraude was not to be reioâ—…sed at For within a few daies after he was constrained to retourne into Sicill by the force of a disease wherwith he was taken ouer all his body â–ª the pestilent humor spreding it self throughe euery sinew and ioynt as thaugh that euery member had ben at ciuil war one against another Of the whiche no hope of recouery appering there arose war betwene his sone and his nephew eche of them chalenging the kingdome as if he had bene dead all redy in the which his son was slain and his nephew vsurped the kingdom Agathocles therfore when he saw the grief of his disease the thought of his minde stil greuouser and greuouser eche encreasyng by the furtherance of the other being vtterly in despair caused his wife Theogen to take his two litle soÌ„nes that he hadde begotten of her withal his treasure housholde houshold stuffe and princelye furniture appertaining vnto him of which no king was better stored then he was and to saile into Egipte from whence he tooke her to hys wife for feare least his nephewe who had robbed hym of his kingdom shuld also play the enemy with them How be it his wife entreted him earnestly a great while that she mighte not be drawen from him in his sicknesse least her departure might be worthely likened to the murther done by his nephew and men might reporte that she had as cruelly abandoned her husbande as he had supplanted his graundfather saying that when she was marryed to him he toke her not to be his companion and partaker of prosperitye onlye but of all other fortune what so euer should happen Wherfore it should not greue her to loose her life so she mighte tarye with her husband to the laste gaspe and according to her duty as she was bouÌ„d of loue and womanhode to do see him honorably entred whyche thing were she ones gone no man would take vpon hym to do When the litle ones should goo away they embraced their father and held him aboute the necke wepynge and crying oute on the other side the wife as she that neuer loked to se her husband more had neuer done kissyng him And it was a lamentable thing to se how pitâ—…ouslye thold man wept the children bewailing the father ready to die and the father moning his banished children The one sorowing to leaue their sicke and diseased olde father all alone as desolate the other lamentinge to leaue hys sonnes in penury whom he had begotten to inherite his kingdome Moreouer all the palace range with the noyse of such as stode about weping and sorowing to se â—…o cruel a deuorce and departure At the lengthe the necessitye of their forced departing was the end of their wepyng and the death of the king ensued immediatly vpon the departure of the children While these thinges were a doinge the Carthaginenses hauing intelligence howe the world went in Sicil thincking good occasion to be geuen theÌ„ of recouering the whole Iland sailed thither with a greate power subdued manye cities The same time Pyrrhus made warre against the Romains who as is said before beinge desired to come to the ayde of the Sicilians when he came to Syracuse and hadde subdued many Cityes he was proclaimed king of Sicil like as he was of Epyre. In the prosperous successe of which things greatly reioysing he appoynted that his sonne Heleu should be king of Sicil as in the righte of his graundfather for he was begotten of king Agathocles daughter and his sonne Alexander should be king of Italy After this he foughte many prosperous battels with the Carthaginenses Wythin a while after there came ambassadors from his conâ—…ederates in Italy bringing him word that it was not possible to make resistens againste the Romaines but that they must nedes yeld onlesse he reseued them Being troubled with so doutful a daunger and not knowing what to do or which of them he might rescue fyrst he toke spedy aduice as concerning both For the one side the Carthaginises assailed him and on the other side the Romaines so that it semed a daungerous matter not to passe his army into Italy and yet more daungerous to lead his hoste 〈◊〉 of Sicil least the one should be lost for want of succoure or the other by withdrawing his helpe from them In this rage of daungers the sureâ—… hauen of all other counsels and aduises semed to be fyrst with al his power to try the matter in Sicil and then hauing vanquished y â— Carthaginenses to transport his victorious army into Italy Therfore all be it he gate the vpper hande in that battel yet notwithstanding for as muche as he went hys way out of Sicil he was accompted to run away as a vaÌ„quished person and therefore his alies and confederates reuolted from him By meanes wherof he lost the kyngdome as lightly as he came by it easly Furthermore finding no better successe in Italye then he had in Sicill be retired into Epire. The wonderfull chaunce of bothe is to be noted for ensample For euen as before throughe prosperous fortune all things flowing beyond his desire and expectation he had gotten the Empire of Italye and Sicill with so manye victories againste the Romaines so now when fortune had chaunged her copy as it were
aduersitye whome the wilfull rage and rashnesse of Ptolomy their kyng had wel nie destroyed All men standinge thus in despaire â–ª 〈◊〉 one of the princes of Macedone perceiuing it auailed not to trust to praying only raised a noumber of lusty yong men and bothe asswaged the courages of the Frenche men then in theyr ruffe for theyr late victorye and defended Macedâ—…ne from wasting and destroying by the enemy In recompence of which his valiant dede wheras in any noble men sued to haue the kingdome of 〈◊〉 he being no noble man born was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 them all And at suche time as his men of warre 〈◊〉 hym king he compelled them to swere to him â–ª not by the name of king but by the name of captaine In the meane season Brennus captaine of that portion of the Frenche menne that bent them selues into Grecehearinge of the victorye of his countrye men whiche had vanquished the Macedones vnder the conducte of Belgius freatynge for anger that so fatte a booty and so laden with the spoyles of the East was so lightly forgone after they had gotten the vpper hand raised an hooâ—…t of a hundred and fiftye thousande footemen and fiftene thousand horsemen and inuaded Macedone again When Sosthenes sawe how they wasted the countrye and the villages he met them with his hoâ—…te of Macedones wel appoynted and in good order of battel But by reson they were few and their enemies manye they halfe discouraged and the other strong and lustye they were sone put to the worser Wherfore while the Macedones being beaten kept them selues within the walles of their cities Brennus lyke a conqueror against whome no man durst shewe hys heade to make resistence forraged all the fieldes of Macedone From thence as thoughe those boties and spoyles semed to base and simple in his eie he tourned hys mynde to the temples of the Goddes immortall malapertlye scoffynge that the Goddes were ryche and ought to depart liberally to men Thervppon immediatly he tooke his iourney toward Delphos setting more by the gaine of the gold that had bene offered to the Goddes then by their displesure whome he affirmed to haue no neade of richesse as they that are wont to bestow them vppon men The temple of Apollo at Delphos is situate in the mount Parnasus vp on a cliffe on euerye side fallinge stepe downe There the confluens of men whiche vpon trust and confidens in the maiesty of that God resorting thither from diuers places builded them houses in that rocke hath made a populous city And moreouer both the temple and the town are enclosed not with walles but with the stepenesse of y â— rocke neither are they defended with fortifications made by mannes hand but with fortifications growen by nature So that there is no man in the world able to say whether the strength of the place or the maiesty of the god be more to be wondered at The middle part of the rocke inwarde is in fashion like a Theatre By meanes where of when men make anye shoutinge or hallowinge or when anye trompet is blowen the sound beateth and reboundeth in suche wise vppon the stones from one to another that the Echo is hard double and treble and the noyse resoundeth farre louder and greater then it went forth The whyche thyng causeth the simple and ignorant folke to stande in more fear thincking it to be the presence of the godhead and oftentimes maketh them to stand wonderinge at it as if they were straught In this wineding of the rocke almost midway to the top of the hil there is a litle playn and in the same a depe hole into the grounde whiche serueth to geue Oracles Out of tâ—…e whiche a ceâ—…tayne colde breth driuen vp as it were in a certain winde ascendyng vpward stirreth the mindes of the Prophets into a madnesse and so hauing filled them with the spirit of the god compelleth them to geue answer to suche as come for couÌ„sel In the same place therfore there are to be sene many riche giftes of kings and peoples which by their cost and sumptuousnesse do well declare the thankfulnesse of such as receiued aunswers in performing of theyr vowes Wherfore when Brennus came within the view of the temple he was in doubte with him selfe a greate while whether he were better to attempt the matter forthwith or geue his souldiers that nightes respite to rest them and gather theyr strength to them Euridanus and Thessalonus who for couetousnesse of the pray had ioyned theym selues with him willed to cutte of all delaye while theyr enemies were vnprouided and no dout but theyr sodayne approche shoulde be a great terror vnto them Where as by geuinge theym that nightes respite theyr ennemyes should perchaunce get both courage and succoure and the wayes that nowe lay open mighte be stopped vp But the common souldiers of the frenchmen when as after longe penury and skarsity they then found a countrye replenyshed with wyne and all other kynde of victualles beynge as glad and ioyfull of the aboundaunce as of a victorye they dispersed them selues in the fields and leuyng theyr standerd ran abrode making hauocke of all thynges lyke conqueroures the whiche thinge was a meane that the Delphians had respite to lay for them selues For at such time as it was firste reported that the Frenchmen were comminge thither the husband men and men of the country were prohibited by the Greke oracles to conuey their corne and wines out of the villages The wholsome meaning of which commaundement was not vnderstanded before that the aboundaunce of wine and other victualles being cast as a stop in the frenche mennes waies the succoures of theyr neighboures had leisure to resorte thither together The Delphians therfore had manned strengthened the towne by the helpe of theyr neighboures or euer the french men who were as greadye of the wine as of a bootye coulde be called from the wine fatte to theyr standard Brenne had three skore and fiue thousande chosen footemen of the best in all his hoste wheras the Delphians and their aiders were in all but foure thousande fighting men In disdaine of whiche fâ—…al handful Bren to the entent to sharpen the mindes of his menne shewed theym all what a riche and plentifull praye they shoulde haue affirminge that the Images with the chariottes where of they might behold greate store a farre of were made all of massye golde wherefore the booty shoulde be better in the hande then it seemed to the eye The frenche men being by this vouching of their captain or rather by theyr owne beholding stirred vp and also wounded wyth the wine they had poured in the day before wythoute respecte of any danger ran 〈◊〉 to the encounter On the contrary part the Delphians putting more truste in God then in their owne strength resisted their ennemies euen with a contempt and what with stones and what wyth theyr wepons threw the
frenchmen as they skaled headlong from the top of the mountaine While the two parties wer thus striuing one with a nother sodeÌ„ly the prtestes of all the temples the Prophets them selues also w t their heare aboute their eares with the reliques in theyr hands and their miters on their heds like men straught out of their wits came running forth preased into the forefront of the battel crying oute that God was come among them and that they had sene him leape down into the temple at the open rofe top Moreouer while they â—…er all makinge their humble supplications to God forayde they said they met a yonge man of beauty and personage far excelling anye mortall creature and in his companye with him ii virgins in armor which came vnto hym out of the. ii temples of Diane and Minerua therby y â— which thing they not onlye had perfectlye scene with their eyes but also more ouer had harde the clatteringe of their harnesse and the sounde of theyr bowes Wherfore they earnestly hartely besought them seing the Gods theÌ„ selues did gard their standerd they should not sticke to dispatche their ennemies and to ioyne them selues as partakers w t the Gods of the victory With which words being greatly encouraged they preased forth whâ—… might be formoste in the flight And there withall they forthwith perceyued that God was presente on their side For bothe a piece of the mountaine being broken of by a sodaine earthquake ouerwhelmed the Frenche hoste and the thiâ—…st of theyr enemies not without great slaughter were 〈◊〉 put to â—…ight In the necke wherof there ensued a tempest w t hail thonder and lightning consumed as many as were any thing sore wounded The captaine Brenne himselfe being not able to abide the smarte of his woundes toke a â—…word and killed himself Another of the captaines when he saw how greuously thautors of the war had ben punished with x. M. of his retinue departed in post hast out of Grece But they sped neuer the better for theyr flying a way For they were so afraid that they durste neuer lye a night in any house they passed no day without 〈◊〉 Moreouer continuall raine frost and snow hunger and wearinesse and thervnto continual watching worse then all the rest consumed and broughte to nothinge the wretched remnaunt of this vnfortunate warre The people al so and the nations through whiche they trauelled lycked them vp as they sâ—…attered abrode as a praye Where by it came to passe that of that so huge and populous army which lately before vpon trust of their own strength dyd despise euen the very gods there was not so much as one man left that mighte saye hereafter he had beene at that slaughter and eskaped The. xxv Booke PEace beinge established betwene the ii kinges Antigonus and Antiochus assone as Antigonus retourned into Macedone sodenly there arose a new enemy against him For the French men whome Brenne at his settynge forth into Grece had left at home for the defence of his country to th enteÌ„t they onlye woulde not seeme to sytte at home lyke cowardes armed fiftene thousand foote men and thre thousand horse men and hauing chased the hostes of the Getes and Tribols when they approched nere vnto Macedone sent ambassadors to the king partly to offer him peaceto sale and partly to view the order and demeanor of his â—…ampe Whom Antigonus like a royall prince inuited the same night to a sumptuous banket But the frenchmen wondering at the great plenty of plate bothe of golde and siluer that was set before theym and there wythall beynge entised with the richnesse of the pray returned more hys ennemies then they came to him Furthermore the king to 〈◊〉 to put them in feare as at the sight of so vgly shapes wher with the barbareus people wer not acquainted coÌ„maunded his men to shew them his elephants and his ships laden with â—…tuall and artillery not knowing that they whome by 〈◊〉 setting forth his power richesse he wold haue discouraged were therby the rather encouraged as 〈◊〉 a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The ambassadours therfore when they came agayne to their company did set out all things to the vttermoste made more of them then they were in dede Declarynge both the kings richesse and his negligence how his camp was stuffed with gold siâ—…uer and nâ—…ther for 〈◊〉 with diche nor trenche and that euen as thougâ—… their 〈◊〉 wer a sufficient defice for them they kept nether watch nor ward â–ª nor anye other warlike order as if they had no nede at all of help of the sword because they wallowedin gold This report was inough to stir vp the minds of the couetâ—…s frenchmen to the pray Besides that they toke example 〈◊〉 Belgius who not long time before had 〈◊〉 the host of Macedone and the kinge also Therfore wyth one assent they assailed the kings camp in the night who foreseing the greate mischiefe that was like to ensue had geuen his men warning the day before to conuey awaye all their stuffe and to aide them couertly in the wode by For there was none other meane for them to saue theyr campe but only by forsaking it The frenchmen â—…ineding all thinges void and not only without defenders but also without kepers mistrusting that they were not fled but rather withdrawen or that they kepte them selues close for some policy durst not a good while enter 〈◊〉 at y â— gates At the laste leauinge all the fortifications whole and vntouched they entered the campe rather searchinge then riffling And hauing taken suche as they founde turned them selues to the sea side There as they 〈◊〉 â—…sedly riffeling of the shippes â–ª the watermen and parte of the army that were fled thither with 〈◊〉 wiuâ—…s chyldren â—…odainly fel vpon them and flue them or they feared any suche matter And there was made suche a slaughter of the Frenchmen that the fame of this victorye purchased Antigonus peace not only of the Frenchmen but also of the fierce and sauage people that bordered on hys kingdome How be it the frenche men multiplied so sore at that time that they spread ouer Asia as it had beene a swarme of Bees In so muche that the kinges of the East made not any warres but they hired the French men to serue them nor if they were put from their kyngdomes they resorted not to anye other then the frenche men for helpe So sore was the name of the frenche men redoubted or rather they had continuallye so prosperous successe in theyr warres that the kyngs thought them selues not able to maintain their estate or to recouer it beinge ones lost without the prowesse and aid of the French men Therfore being called to the helpe of the kinge of Bythinia after the time they had gotten the victorye they parted his kingdome with him and named the 〈◊〉 french greke While these thinges were a doinge
in Asia in the meane season beinge vanquished in Sicill by the Carthaginenses in a battel on the sea sente his ambassadoures to Antigonus kinge of Macedone for a freshe crewe of souldioures sending him worde that if he sent them not hee should be constrained to retire into his kingdome and to seeke to make that conquest vpon him whiche he was about to make vppon the Romaines Whan hys ambassadoures brought him word he shuld none haue he fained an excuse and sodenly departed from thence Wylling his confederates to lay for the warres in the meane season he betoke the keping of the castle of Tarent to his sonne Heleâ—… and his frend Milo Assone as he was returned into Epyre forth with he 〈◊〉 the borders of Macedone with whome Antigonus met with an hoaste of men and being put to the worse was faine to 〈◊〉 And so all Macedone yelded vnto Pyrrhus Whervpon as if he had recoÌ„pensed the los of Sicil Italy with the gain of Macedon he sent for his sonne Heleu his freÌ„d Milo that he had left at Tarent Antigonus whâ—… was fled with a few of his horsmen being sodenly bereft of al thornaments of fortune to th entent to marke what wold become of his kingdom y â— he had lost conueyed himselfe into the city Thessalonica that if occasion serued he might hire the french souldiers and renue the war from thence But being vtterly vanquished again by Ptolomy the son of king Pyrrhus eskaping with no mo but only vii of his retinue he neuer hoped to recouer his kyngdoÌ„ but sought caues and wildernesses where to saue his life Pyrrhus therfore being enstalled in the siege royall of so great a kingdome not content to haue attained to that that he could scarsly haue wished for begaÌ„ to practise how to win thempire of Grece and Asia Neither toke he any more plesure of his Empire then of his warres neyther was ther any manable to withstand the force of Pyrrhus whoÌ„ he once assailed But as he had no pier in coÌ„quering of kingdoms so did he as lightly for go them when he had ones won them gotten them So much did he more study endeuor to win kingdoms then to kepe them Ther fore when he had transported his army ouer from Chersonesus ther receiued him thambassadors of th Athenies the Acheans and the Messenians Yea and al the Grekes for the renoun of his name for that they wer astonied at his noble dedes against the Romains CarthagineÌ„ses awaited his comming there The first war y â— he had was with the Lacedemonians where he was receiued wyth greater valiantnesse of the women then of the meÌ„ Ther he lost his son Ptolomy the strongest part â—…f all his army For when he assaulted the town such a sort of womeÌ„ came running to the defence of the citye that he was not more valiantly vaÌ„quished theÌ„ shamefully driueÌ„ to retire Furthermore his son Ptolomy is reported to haue bene so couragious and so stout a man of his hands that wyth lx men he toke the city Corcyra by force And also in a batel vpon the sea out of a cock bote he lepte with vii of hys men into a gally and won it And last of all in thassault of Sparta he brake with his horse into the mids of the city ther was ouerpressed with the number of his enemies and slain Whose body when it was brought to his father Pyrrhus it is reported he should saye that he was slayne somwhat later then he loked for or then his owne folishe hardinesse deserued Pyrrhus when he had taken the repulse at Sparta went to Argos Ther whiles he endeuâ—… red to get Antigonus into his hands whom he had besieged in the city as he fought moost valiantlye among the thickest he was slain with a stone throwen from the wal His hed was cut of and brought to Antigonus who vsing the victory gentilly sent home his sonne Helen with hys Epyrotes which wer yelded vnt ohim into his kingdom without raunsome and deliuered him his fathers body y â— lay vnburied to cary home with him into his country It is a constant report amongste all authors that there was not any kinge either in those daies or in the latter tymes before worthy to be compared vnto Pyrrhus and that it was a hard matter to finde any not only among kynges but also among other famous men either of more holy liuing or of more tried approued iustice and as for know ledge in cheualry and feates of armes there was so much in him that wheras he had continuall warres with Lystmachus Demetrius and Antigonus kinges of so greats power and puissaunce yet was he neuer ouercome by any of theÌ„ neither was he euer brought to so low an ebbe but that he was able to matche the Illyrians Sicilians Romaines and Carthaginenses at all times yea and som times to get the vpper hand of them By meanes whereof throughe the fame of his noble actes and the renownâ—… of his name he made his country famous and renoumed ouer all the worlde beinge of it self before his time bothe small and of no reputation â–ª The. xxvi Booke AFter the death of Pyrrhus there arose very great and troublesome warres not onlye in Macedone but also in Asia and Grece For the Peloponnesians being betraied vnto Antigonus and according as men wer either striken in fear or els prouoked to gladnesse lyke as euery city hoped for succour at Pyrrhus hande or stode in dreade of him euen in like case either they entered in leage with Antigonus or els vppon malice and hatred fell together by the eares amonge them selues In the time that the prouinces were in this turmoyle Arystotimus a noble man of the realme toke perforce the chiefe citye of the Epyrotes and made himself king who after that he hadde put many of the head menne to deathe and driuen 〈◊〉 of them into exile when as the Aetolians required by their ambassadors that he should restore vnto the banished meÌ„ their wiues and children at the fyrst he denied to doo it Afterward as thoughe he had repented him he gaue all the Ladies and gentlewomen leaue to goo to theyr husbandes and appoynted a day when they shuld take theyr iourny The Ladies as they that thought to liue all their liues in exile with theyr husbands toke al the preciousest iewels and best thinges that they had with theym But assone as they were all come to the gate of purpose to go in one company together he spoyled them of all that euer they had slue the litle children in their mothers bosomes threw the mothers them selues into prison and rauyshed the maidens All menne beinge amased at this hys cruell 〈◊〉 a noble manne of the realme named Helemate being an old man and without childre as one that in respect of his yeres in that he was childlesse was voyde of al fear called home to his house
put in greate feare at the contemplation of his excessiue cruelty and to reuenge the deathe of her whome they purposed to haue defended they yelded them selues to Ptoloâ—…y Who doutlesse subdued all the kingdome of 〈◊〉 if he had not ben driuen to retire home to suppresse an insurrection in Egypt So great hatred did that wicked and abhominable murdering of his owne brother purchase the one party the vnworthy death of his sâ—…ster so cruelly killed purchase fauor to thother party After the departure of Ptolomy Seleucus hauing gathered together a great flete against the cities that had reuolted soâ—…enly as it were by the vengeans of the Gods for his horrible murder by meanes of a grâ—…at tempest loste all his flete by 〈◊〉 And of all that great furniture for the warres fortune lefte him not any thing at all more then his naked bodye and his life and a few companions eskapinge with him from shippewracke It was surelye a miserable case but yet suche a one as Seleucus coulde not haue wished the lyke for hys owne behofe For the cities which for hatred y â— they bare towards him had reuolted vnto Ptolomy as though they had bene satisfied with the punishmente that the Goddes as indifferent iudges had laid vppon him throughe a sodain mutation of â–ª theyr mindes being moued to pity him by reason of his shipwracke submitted them selues vnder his dominion again Where vpon â—… eioysinge in his happy aduersity and beinge made richer by his losses as one now able to match him in power and strengthe he made warre against Ptolomy But as if he had beene borne for none other purpose but for fortune to make her laughing stocke of him or as if he had recouered so great welth and power of the kingdome for none other entent then to lose them again he was vanquished in battel and eskapynge from the fielde not muche better accompanied then after his shipwrack fearfully conueyed himself into antioche From theÌ„ce he directed letters to his brother Antiochus wherin he besought him of his help offeringe him in reeompence of his pains all Asia that 〈◊〉 wythin the precinct of the mountaine Taurus Antiochus beinge of the age of xiiii yeres but yet couetous of dâ—…minion aboue his yeres toke thoccasion ere it came to the ground not with so frendly hart as it was offered For the boye couetynge like a theefe to berene his brother of all his whole kyngedome was as bolde and hardy in executinge his wâ—…ckednesse as if he hâ—…d bene a man Whâ—…vpon he was 〈◊〉 named 〈◊〉 because he spente his life in takinge othâ—…r mennes goodes away wrongfully not after the manner of a man but after the manner of a Gosse â—…auke In the meane time Ptolomye hearinge that Antiochus came to reskew Seleucus to 〈◊〉 he 〈◊〉 not hâ—…ue warre with two at once toke a truce 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 r. yeres But the peace that was geuen by his enemy was brokeÌ„ by his brother â—…ho hiring an hoste of the french souldioures in stead of helpe vrought warre and in steade of a brother shewed himself an ennemy â—…n thâ—…t battel throughe the puissaunce of the french men â–ª Antiochus gate the vpper hand But the frenchmen supposing thaâ—… Seleucus haâ—… beene slaine in the batâ—…ell tourned theyr weapons againste 〈◊〉 himselfe thincking to waste the country of Asia the more frely wythout feare or checke if they mighte vtterlye destroye the bloude royall whiche thinge when Antiochus ones perceiued hee was faine to raunsome himselfe for monye as if it had bene from râ—…bbers and entered in league of society with his hired souldiers In the meane season Emnenes king of Bythiâ—…a perceiuâ—…ng the brothers to be consumed and dispersed throughe intestiue â—…cord among them seluâ—…s intending to inuade tâ—…e wanderinge possession â—…f 〈◊〉 assailed the conqueror antiochus and his frenchmen and by reson that they wer yet sore and wearye of theyr late conflicte and his menne stronge and lusty he easely put them to the worse For at that tyme all the warres thatwere made tended euer to the destruction of asia euerye manne that coulde make him self strongest 〈◊〉 vpon asia as his pray The. ii brothers eleurus and antiochus made warre for asia Ptolomye kinge of Egipte vnder pretence of reuengynge his sisters deathe gaped for asia On the one sode Emnenes kynge of Bythinia and on the other syde the french menne the common hire lynges wasted asia but among so many robbers there was none to be found that would once set in his fote to defende Asia After that Antiochus was vanquished and that Emnenes had seysed into his handes the mooste parte of Asia the brothers could not yet agree for all y â— the pray was loste for which they striued so sore but leauynge the forain ennemy they renued the warre one to destroye another In the whyche Antiochus being againe vanquished and wearyed wyth flying many dayes together at length came to his father in lawe Artamenes kinge of Cappadocia Of whome at the fyrâ—…e he was gently entertained But within a fewe dayes after vnderstanding that he went about to entrap him for the sauegarde of his life he fledde agayne from thence Therfore when he saw he could not rest in safetye in no place he was fayne to resort for succoure to hys ennemy Ptolomy whose faith he thoughte to be more stedfast then his brothers considering eyther what â—…e would â—…aue done to his brother or what he had deserued at hys brothers hand But Ptolomye by this his yealdynge and submission made not so much his frend as his ennemye commaunded him to be kept in straighte prisonne From thence also antiochus eskaped by the healpe of a certayne harlot with whome he had had familiare companye but hauing eskaped from his kepers as he fled theues mette him and killed him Seleucus wel nie about the same instant hauing lost his kingdom fell of his horse and brake hys necke So bothe the brothers as it were by lyke miffortune like outlawes after the losse of their kingdomes suffered due punyshements for theyr vngratious doinges The. xxviii Booke OLympias the daughter of Pyrrhê° king of the Epyrotes hauing lost her husband alexaÌ„der which was also her owen brother when she had taken vpon her the bringyng vp and keepinge of Pyrrhus and Ptolomy the sonnes whom he had begotten by her and the gouernement of the realme she was compelled by the aetolians whiche went aboute to take perforce from her a part of acaruania whiche she being mother and protector of the children had receiued to helpe to maintaine the warres withall to resorte for succoure to Demetrius kinge of Macedone and vnto him hauynge a wife all readye the sister of antie chus kinge of Syria she gaue her daughter Phithia in mariage to the entent she might get the help at his hand by right of affinity which she could not get for pity and compassion The marryage therfore was
was not any man that spared his life in the battel there was not any woman that wept for the losse of her husband The olde men commended the deathe of theyr sonnes and the sonnes reioysed that theyr fathers were slaine in the fielde Euery man lamented hys owne chaunce that they had not died for the libertye of theyr countrye The fathers and mothers receyued into theyr houses all suche as were wounded healed suche as were wounded healed suche as were hurte and recomforted suche as were stricken downe And in all thys busynesse there was not in the city any outcry or any wringyng of handes there was not any trembling for feare euery maÌ„ bewailed more the common misfortune then hys owne priuate case While these thinges were in doinge Cleomenes theyr king after he had made a great slaughter of his enemies being all on a gore bloude as well with hys owne woundes as with the bloud of his enemyes came among them and â—…hen he was entered the citye he sate not downe to rest him he called not for meat nor drinke no nor ones put of his harnesse but leaninge hys backe to a wall when he saw there remained no mo but only iiii thousand of his men from the battel he exhorted them to reserue themselues to some other time when thei might be able to doo theyr countrye better seruice And then with his wife and children He went his way into Egipt to king Ptolomy of whome he was honorably entertained and liued a long time in great fauor and estimatyon with him like a king But at the last after the decease of Ptolomy he and all his houshold were slain by his sonne Antigonus hauing made so greate a slaughter of the Lacedemonians toke pity of the misfortune of so worthye a city and therfore would not suffer his souldiours to sacke it but pardoned all that remained aliue protâ—…stynge that he made the warre against Cleomenes and not agaynst the Lacedemonians whome for as muche as he had dyscomfited and put to flight all his wrathe was at an ende wherfore he thought it should stand more with his honor to saue their city then to destroy it Nowe seing there remained no mento shew his mercy vpon he said he wold shew it vpon the soyle of the Citye and vpon the houses It was not longe after but that Antigonus dyed and left his kingdome to Phillip a childe of xiiii yeres of age The. xxix Booke ABout the very same season there happened an alteration almost in all the kingdomes of the worlde by the successyon of yong kynges For in Macedone Philippe after the decease of his protector Antigonus who also was his father in law toke the kingdome vpon him being but. xiiii yeres olde In Asia Seleucus being slaine Antiochus as yet vnder the age of xiiii yeares was made kynge The kingdome of Cappadocia was surrendred by his father to Ariarathes beinge a verye childe Ptolomy who for the wickednesse of his offence was in derision surnamed Philopater slue his father and mother and vsurped the kingdome of Egipt But the Lacedemonians in stead of Cleomenes subrogated Lycurgus And for because there shoulde be store of alterations in those times Hannibal being as yet skarse manne growen was made captaine of Carthage not because there was skarsity of men of more yeres and experience but for the natural hatred that was knowen to be rooted in him againste the Romaines euen from his verye childhode born to the vtter destruction not so muche of the Romaines as of his own countrye of affricke Nowe allbeit theese children kinges had no auncient and graue protectors appoynted to haue the 〈◊〉 of them â—…et notwithstanding euery one of them so ententiuely pursued the steps of their auncestors that there was great likelihode of prowesse and actiuity in them Only Brolomy as he was wicked in vsurping the kingdome so was he also â—…outhful and negliget in gouerninge of the same The Dardanians other people that were borderers who â—…are as it were an immortal hatred to the kinges of 〈◊〉 disdaining Phillip by reason he was so yong troubled him continuallye On the contrary part Phillip when he had put his enemyes to flight being not content to haue defeded his own purposed to make war against the aetolians As he was imagining and deuisinge howe to enterprise the matter Demetrius king of Iliyria being lately vanquished by Paul câ—…nsul of Rome came to him as an humble suter making complaint of the wrong that the Romaines had done vnto him who being not content to kepe them sclues within the boundes of Italy but of a wicked desire coueting thempire of the whole world made war withal kinges Alledging that for the like couetousnesse of the Empyre of Sicil of Sardinia of Spain and consequently of all affricke they had entered into war with Hannibal and the Carthaginenses and that they had made war vpon hym also for none other occasion but only y â— he was next neigh bor vnto Italy as though it were not lawful for any king to dwell neare the borders of their Empire Wherfore it was good for antiochus to take ensample how to beware by other men whose kingdome the nobler and nearer it was to the Romaines so muche should he finde them his fiercer enemies Moreouer he professed that he was contented to surrender his right and title to him of the king dome whiche the Romaines hadde by force taken from him Saying it should lesse greue him and that he coulde better finde in his hart to se his neighbour and his frend rather then his enemy enioy the possession of his kingdoÌ„ With this and suche other like talke he perswaded Phillip to leaue the aetolians and to tourne the brunte of the warre against the Romaines so much the rather because he thought they shoulde be the lesse able to resist him by reason as he hard say they had lately before bene vanqui shed by Hannibal at the lake of Thrasymenus Therfore because he would not be charged with manye warres at ones he made peace with the aetolians not as that they shoulde thincke he did it to the entent to make warre in another place but as thoughe it had bene for some great regard that he had of the quietnesse of all Grece y e which he affirmed was neuer in the like pearill and ieoperdye by meanes of the newe Empires of the Romaynes and Carthaginenses latelye risen vp in the west whyche had none other let or stop to kepe them out of Grece and Asia but only this while they were trying by the sworde which of them should beare the soueraintye For whiche party so euer gate the vpper hand the same would imme diatlye vpon the victorye passe directly into the East Therfore he saw suche a cloude of cruel and bloudye war rising out of Italy he saw suche a roring and thundering storme comming out of the west that into what parte of the world so euer
the violent force of the victorye shoulde driue the tempest therof it was like to washe all thinges with a terrible and bloudy shour He said that Grece had oftentimes before suffered great trouble by the war◅es somtime of the Persians sometime of the frenchmen and sometime of the Macedones but they shoulde fynde that all that euer is paste was but a sporte If those armyes which now were fighting in Italye shoulde once spreade them selues into Grece For he sawe well inoughe howe cruell and bloudy bothe with puissaunce of hostes and policye of captaines those two peoples made warre one against another The whiche rage certainly coulde not be ended in the only destruction of one of the partyes wyth out the ruine and decay of suche as were next neighbors Wherefore Grece had more cause a greate deale to be afraid of the cruelty of whether party so euer gate the vpper hand then Macedone both because Macedone is further of from them and of more strength to defend it self And yet he knew for a certaintye that those that encountered now with so great puissaunce would not be conten ted to end their conquest so but that he himself shuld haue cause to sear least he be driuen to haue to doo with them that should get the vpper hand Hauinge vnder this pretence broke vp his ◅age against the Aetolians minding nothing saue the warres of the Carthag◅enses and Romaines he waied with himself the power and abilities of them bothe Neither were the Romaines all be it the Carthaginenses and Hannibal were then in manner rea dy to light vpon their necke voyde of feare of warre out of Macedone also For they stode in dreade of it bothe for the auncient prowesse and actiuitye of the Macedones for renowne of their conquestes in the East and also for Philip himselfe who was enflamed with an earnest desyre to become equall to Alexander in knighthoode and cheualry and whome they knew to be forwarde and actiue in feates of armes Phillip therfore when he vnderstode that the Carthaginenses hadde vanquished the Romaines again sent his open defiaunce vnto them and began to builde a fleete wherin to transport his armye into Italy Furthermore he sent an ambassador with letters to Hanniball to conclude a league and society with him Who being taken by the way and brought before the senate was sent away withoute anye harme or displeasure done vnto him not for any good wil they bare to the king his master but to th entent that of a suspected frende they would not make him an open ennemye But afterwarde when it was reported that Philip was transporting hys armye into Italye they sent the Pretor Leuinus wyth a nauye wel decked and furnished to stoppe him of his passage Who after he was arriued in Grece with hys faire and large promises compelled the Aetolians to take war in hand against Phillip And on the other side Phillip did what he could to perswade the Aetolians to make warre against the Romains In the mene time the Dardanians began to waste the borders of Macedone and hauing led away xx M. prisoners ▪ constrained Philip to retire home from inuading the Romaines to the defence of hys owne kingdome While those thinges were a doinge the Pretor Leuinus entring in league with kinge Attalus wasted the country of Grece With the whiche losse and destruction the cities being stricken in fear sent diuers am bassades to Philip desiring aid of him The king of Illyria also his next neighboure bordering vppon the one side of Macedone made incessant sute that he should perfourme his promise Besides the Macedones called vpon him instantly to reuenge the wasting of his own country with the which so many and so waightye matters he was sore enuironed and as it were besieged at ones that he wyste not which to remeady first Yet notwithstanding he promised to se◅d succors to eury one of them ere it wer-lōg But because he was hable to perfourme as muche as he promised but to th entent that by putting them in hope of comfort he might kepe them his frendes stil. But y ◠first viage that he toke in hand was against the Dardanians who watchinge the time to finde him from home determined to take their aduaūtage and to inuade Macedone with a greater puissaunce in his absence Also hee made peace with the Romaines and so being contented to haue delayed the Romaine warres againste Macedone for the time he laid wait to entrap Philopemenes Duke of the Acheans who as it was reported to him stirred the Romaines and the mindes of his confederates against him But the Philopemenes hauing knowledge therof and so auoiding the danger of the same compelled the Acheans by his authoritye to rebelle against him The. xxx Booke DUringe the time that Phillippe w◅s earnestly occupied aboute greate and ◅aightye affair◅s in Macedone Ptolomy behaued himselfe cleane contrary wise in Egipt For after he had obtained the kingdome by murtheryng of bothe his parentes and that he had moreouer killed his owne brother as thoughe he hadde afchieued all thinges prosperously he gaue hym selfe to ryot And all the realme followed the steppes of theyr king By meanes wherof not onlye hys noble men and Officers but also all his men of warre laying a side the exercise of cheualry and feates of armed vtterly wasted and spoiled them selues wyth slouthe and idlenesse Antiochus kinge of Syria who therof beinge prince through a certain old grudge betwene those two raised a power sodainly and wan many cities from him and entred forceably into Egipte Ptolomy trembled for feare and besought Antiochus by his ambassadours that he would respite him but so long as he mighte raise a power Afterward hauing hired a great host out of Grece he fought a prosperous battel and he had vtterly berefte Antiochus of his kingdome if he had anye thinge furthered his good fortune wisdome and audacity But he was content with the recouery of the Cities that he ▪ had lost and so concluding a peace desirously tooke the occasion of quietnesse when it was offered him and so wallowinge againe into his olde accustomed ◅outhfulnesse he sl◅we his wife Eurydice beinge hys owne syster through the enticementes of a harlot called Agathoclea with whom he was taken in loue And so forgetting quite the renoume of his nauy and the maiesty of his kingdome he spent the nightes in lechery and the daies in feastinge and bankettinge Besides this the more to encrease and enflame his lecherous appetite withall he had at his feastes musicall drincking and dansing Neither could the king nowe content himselfe to beholde and heare others but also like a master of naughtinesse would play vppon instrumentes and daunce to the same These were the fyrst plagues and preuy maladies which afterward were the ruine and decay of the kinges house For within a while after they grewe to suche a licentious libertye and the harlot waxed so bolde that the
walles of the court were not able to holde her Whome being of herselfe proud and arrogant inough thvnspekeable lechery that the king vsed daily with her brother Agathocles a strompet of more beauty then was requisite in a man made yet more stately and arrogant And to the encreasemente thereof made also her mother Euanthe whiche with her daliaunce and enticementes had so allured the kinges harte vnto her that he had begotten two children of her By meanes wherof beinge not contente with the kinge now they helde the kingdome also nowe they muste come abrode to be seene in the open face of all the world now they must be saluted now they muste be waited vpon Agathocles sitting cheke by cheke with the kinge ruled the citye at his owne pleasure The women disposed marshalships of the hoste lieuetenanâ—… shippes of prouinces and captainships as pleased them so that ther was no man in all his realme that could do lesse then the kyng him selfe At the length he died leauing a sonne behinde hym of fiue yeres old by his sister Eurydice But whiles the women went about to spoile the treasure and made confede racy with the wickeddest personens that could be picked out to the entent to depriue the righte heire of his kyngdome his death was kept secrete a greate while after he was dead Neuerthelesse assone as y â— matter cam to light the people ran vpon Agathâ—…cles and sâ—…ue him and the women in reuengement of Euryâ—…ice were hanged vp vpon gibets The notorious inâ—…amy of the realme being thus purged and put away by the death of the king and the punishment of the harlots the men of Alexandria sente ambassadors to the Romaines desiring them to take vppon them the protection of their OrphaÌ„ king and the gouernment of the kingdome of Egipt the which they auouched that Philip and aâ—…d had already bought and solde betwene them selues entending to part it betwixt them The Romaines wer vâ—…ry glad of that ambassade as they that soughte occasion of war against Phillip to be râ—…uenged for his lying â—…n wait to do them displesure in the time of their warres with the Carthagiâ—…enses Besides this after the time they had subdued the Carthaginenses and driuen away Hanniball they feâ—…red no mannes pâ—…ssans more then Phillips râ—…counting with 〈◊〉 selues what a stir â—…yrrhus had kept in â—…taly with so small a handfull of Macedones and how great aduâ—…ntures and enterprises y e Macedones had atchiâ—…ued in the East Herâ—…vpon ambassadors were sent to Antiochus and Phillip willing them not to medle with the kingdome of Egipt Furthermore M. Lepidus was sent into Egipt to take vppon hym the protection of the childe thadministration of the realme While these thinges were a doing â–ª the ambassâ—…doures of Attalus kingâ—… of Pergaâ—…us and the ambassadors of the Rhodians came to Rome to complain of the wrongs that king Philip had don vnto them The which thing caused the Senate to goo in hand with the warres of Macedone forthwith For vnder pretence of aiding their coÌ„federates war was decreed against Phillip and a consull was sent with an army into Macedone And ere it was long after all Grece vpon truste of the Romaines rose against Phillip in hope to recouer their â—…uncient liberty made war vpon him By meanes wherof the king was so assaulted on euery side that he was constrained to desyre peace When the articles of peace should be propounded by the Romains both Attalus the Rhodians the Acheans the Aetolians demauÌ„ded restitution of that that had ben theirs On thother side Philip graunted y â— he could finde in his hart to be ruled bi the Romains but he said it was an vnsemely matter that the Grekes being vanquished by his predecessors Philip and Alexander subdued vnder the yoke of the Empire of Macedone should like conquerors prescribe him articles of peace and not rather be driuen to a strait accoÌ„pt for their disobediens or euer thei ought to chalenge any libertye Neuerthelesse at lengthe by much intretaunce they graunted him truce for ii moneths In the which time the peace y â— could not be agreed vpon in Macedone might be requested of the Senate at Rome The same yere betwene the Ilands of Theramene Therasia in the mid way betwene both shores ther was a great earthquake in the sea By means of y â— which to the great admiration of such as sailed that way sodeÌ„ly out of the depe floted vp an Iland with hot waters And in Asia the very same day another earthquake shaked the Rhodes and many other cities throwing downe the houses and buildings wherof some wer swalowed vp whole At the which wonder all men wer sore afraid the soutâ—… sayers prophesied that the Romain Empire then beginning to spring vp shuld deuour thold Empire of the grekes and Macedones In the meane season the peace was reiected by the senate whervpon Phillip sollicited the tyrant Nauis to take his part against the Romains and so wheÌ„ he had brought his host into the field his ennemyes standing in order of battel against him he began to encorage his men rehersing how the Macedones had conquered and subdued the Persians the Bactrians the IndiaÌ„s and to be short all Asia euen to the vttermooste border of the East Sayinge that so muche more force and courage ought to be shewed in this battel then in the other as liberty is a thing of greater price then dominion Flaminius also the Romaine Consull in like manner encouraged his men to the encounter by puttinge them in rememberaunce of the thinges atchieued latelye before Shewing them how on the one side Carthage and Sicil wer conquered and on the other side Italy and Spain recouered by the prowesse and puissance of the Romaines and that Hanniball was nothinge inferioure to great Alexander who being ones driuen oute of Italye they had subdued Affricke the third part of the world And yet the Macedones were not to be esteamed by the auncyent renowâ—…e of theyr predecessoures but accordinge to the power and strength that they were of at that present For they shoulde not encounter with greate Alexander who was reported to be inuincible nor with his armye that conquered all the East but with Philip a child yet skarce come to yeres of discretion who had much a do to defend his kingdome againste his nerte neighboures and wyth those Macedones which but euen thother day almooste were spoiled and led away prisoners by the Dardanians who wer able to talk of nothing saue the renoumed acts of their ancestors wheras the Romaines might worthely report the dedes done by them selues and theyr souldiours For it was none other hoste that had subdued Hannibal and the Carthagineâ—…ses and almoste all the West then the very same souldiers whom he had ther standing in battel ray with these encouragements the myndes of bothe armies being enflamed ran fierslye to the encounter the one part
he fled to Alexandria to Ptolomye hys yonger brother with whome he parted his kingdom and so they sente ambassadoures ioyntlye together to the Senate of Rome requestinge healpe by the ryghte of the league in the whiche they were bounde in alyauns wyth them The Senate being moued at the sute of the brethreÌ„ ther vpon sent Pub. Popilius ambassadour to Antiochus to wil him to abstaine from Egipt or if he were all ready entered to voide thence When he had founde hym in Egypt and that the kynge offered to kysse him for at suche time as Antiochus lay in hostage at Rome among others he had Popilius iu great estimation and reuerence Popilius willed him to let cease all priuate frendship vntill he hadde executed the commaundemente of his countrye or while matters concerning his country were in hand and there withall drawinge forthe the decre of the senate and deliueringe it vnto him when hee sawe him pause at the matter askinge leisure to consulte theron wyth his frendes there Popilius with a wand that he had in his hand 〈◊〉 a 〈◊〉 circle aboute him willynge hym to call hys frendes to counsell to him and not to set foote ouâ—…e of the place beforâ—… he had geuen the Senate a direct aunswere whether he would haue peace or warrâ—… with the Romaines This rigorousnesse so â—…uche abated the kinges courage that he made aunswer he was contente to be ruled by the Senate Antiochus after his return into his kingdome deceased â–ª leauinge his heire a 〈◊〉 babe Whome the realme assigned to the gouernaunce of certayne Protectoures Here vppon his vncle Demetrius who laye in hostage at Rome hearinge of the â—…eath of his brother anâ—…iochus went vnto the Senate sayinge that he came thither for an hostage duringe his brothers life after whose decease he knewe not for whome he should lye any longer in hostage Wherfore he ought of right to be discharged that he myght go and chalenge the kingdome the which as by the vniuersall lawe of all nations it appertayned â—…o his elder brother so now of reason it was due to hym because he was of more yâ—…res of discretion then the babe When he perceiued the Senate would not licence hym to goo in as muche as they were perswaded in their owne iudgementes that the kingdome should remayn in more safetye and quietnesse in the childes hande then in hys vnder pretence of riâ—…ing a hunting he stale to Dâ—…ia and there with a fewe of his retinue that were preuye to hys doinges he priuelye tooke shipping Assone as he was ariued in Syria he was receiued with greate ioye and fauoure of all men and the Protectours killing their ward did put him in possessyon of the kinâ—…dom The same time almoste Pruâ—…as kyng of Bythinia wente about secreatly to kill his owne sonne 〈◊〉 for none other occasion but onlye to anaunce hys yonger sonnes that he had begotten vpon his seconde wife whiche laye in hostage at Rome But the matter was be wrayed to the yonge man by them that should haue doone the deede and they counsailed him that for as muche as hys father by his cruelty hadde prouoked hym thereto he shoulde preuente the conspiracye and tourne the mischiefe vppon the deuysers heade It was no harde matter to perswade hym Therfore assone as he was by theyr enticemente entered into hys fathers realme he proclaymed himselfe kynge Prusias beinge deposed from hys owne sonne from hys royal estate to the degree of a priuate personne was forsaken euen of his owne seruauntes And as he laye hidden in a secreat place his sonne as cruelly slue him as he had wicked lye commaunded hys sonne to be put to death before The. xxxv Boke DEmetrius the vsurper of the kingdome of Syria supposinge it to bee a daungerous matter if vpon his new aduauncemente he shoulde geue hym selfe to idlenesse determined to enlarge the borders of his kingdome and to augmente his richesse by subduing his neighbors Wherevppon for displeasure he bare to Ariarathes kyng of Cappadocia for refusing his sister in mariage he main tained againste him his brother Holofernes who beynge wrongfully driuen out of the realme resorted to hym for succoure and for ioy that he had so honest a title to make warre he purposed to sette him in possession of the kyngdome againe But Holofernes beinge of a cankered and malitious nature entering in league with the Antiochiens being at that time offended with Demetrius tooke counsell how to depriue him of his kyngdome that went aboute to restore him into hys kingdome Demetrius hauinge knowledge there of spared his life because ariarathes shoulde not bee deliuered from the feare of hys brothers warre Neuerthelesse he caused him to be apprehended and put him in prisone in the citye Seleucia Yet notwithstanding the antiochiens were not so discouraged by the detection of their conspiracye that they woulde cease from their rebellion Therefore by the helpe of Ptolomye king of Egipt attalus king of asia and ariarathes kyng of Cappadocia all the whiche Demetrius hadde by hys warres stirred againste him they suborned one Prompalus a man of the basest sorte to chalenge the kyngdom by force of armes as thoughe it had bene hys by right of inheritaunce and to the entent there should want nothyng to spite Demetrius withall they proclaimed hym by the name of Aleâ—…ander and reported him to be the sonne of Antiochus So sore hatred was Demetrius amongste all men that by an vniuersal consent they not only gaue his aduersarye the power of a kinge but also attributed vnto him nobility of birth and lignage Alexander therfore by meanes of this wonderfull exchaunge of thinges forgetting his owne old villainage beinge accompanied wyth the power almoste of all the whole Caste made warre againste Demetrius whome he vanquished and depryued bothe of life and kingdome Howe be it Demetrius wanted no courage to withstand the brunt of the warres For at the first encounter he put his enemy to flight and wheÌ„ the king renued the battel againe he slue many thousand of theyr men in the field and yet at the last being of an inuincible courage he was slaine fighting most valiantlye among the thickest of his enemies In the beginninge of the warres Demetrius had committed to the charge of his hoste of Guydus in Lycia his two sonnes and a great summe of golde to the entent they should be bothe oute of â—…operdye of the warre and also if it shoulde so happen be preserued to reuenge theyr fathers death The elder of them named Demeâ—…rius being past childes age hearyng of the riotous demeanor of Alexander who for the ioye he had in his richesse vnhoped for and in the ornamentes of a nother mannes felicity kept himself like a cowardlye carpet knight at home in his palaice among a company of concubines and brothels by the helpe of the Caudiens assailed him carelesse as he was and fearing no hostility at all The Antiochiens also to make
his losses semed euer to be made more terrible to them Finally at the length he was not vanquished as an enemie but in his oldeage leauyng his 〈◊〉 to be his heire he dispatched himselfe by wilfull death in his owne kyng dome where his auncesters had raygned of long continuance The very wonders of heauen dyd prognosticate what a great man he shoulde be for bothe the same yet â–ª that he was borne and the same yere he firste began his reygne there appered by the space of threskore and tenne dayes at both tymes suche a blasyng starre that all the skye semed to be on fyre For it was so bygge that it occupied a quarter of the heauen it was so brighte that it blemished the light of the Sunne when it rose or went doune it consumed fower howers at eche tyme. When he was a chylde his owne Gouernours wente about to destroy hym settyng hym vppon a rough horse and compellyng him to lern to ryde and to torney The which attempt followyng not their myndes as they woulde haue had the yong Prince Mythridates rulyng the horse better then was loked for in one of his age they assayed him with poyson The which he standyng in doubt of before dronke tryacle oftentymes by meanes whereof he so stayed his bodie with tryed and exquisite medicines that when he was olde he would haue poysoned himselfe and coulde not After this fearyng least his enemies woulde compasse the thyng by weapon which they could not doe by venim he couÌ„terfeyted a desyre of huntyng whervppon by the space of fower yeres he came not vnder anie roofe eyther of house in the Cytie or cotage in the countrie but wandered vp and doune the forestes and woods rested the night time in the mountayns sometime one where and sometime another no man knowyng where was his haunt enuryng himself eyther to chase or to pursue the wylde beastes on foote and with some of them to encounter with playne force By meanes whereof he both auoyded all treason and also hardened his bodie to abyde all kynde of trauell and exercyse Afterward when he came to take the kâ—…gdome vppon him immediatlie he set his mynde not so muche of gouernyng as of enlargyng thesame Therefore he maruelous fortunately subdewed and brought in subiection the Sâ—…ythians who before that day were neuer conquered whiche had vtterlie destroyed Zopyron the Capitayne of greate Alexander with thirtie thousand armed men whiche had slayne Cyrus kyng of Persia with two hundred thousand men of warre and which had put to flyght Philyp kyng of Macedones Being thus encreased in strength he conquered Pontus and consequentlie Cappadocia Then with certayn of his frendes he went secretly disguysed out of his owne kyngdome without knowledge of anie man and wanderyng through Asia vewed the situacion of all the Cyties and Prouynces of the same From thence he trauayled ouer Bythinia and as though he had ben alreadie Lorde of Asia he deuised all thynges that might helpe to fâ—…rther him toward his conquest After this when all men beleued he had ben dead he returned home into his own Realme where he found a lytle sonne whome Laodice his syster and wyfe had brought him forth in his absence But in the myddes of the ioye that was made for his returne and for the birth of his chyld he was in daun ger to be poysoned For his syster Laodice beleuyng him to be dead and therevppon abusyng her bodye with his frendes as though the might haue hydden her offence by committyng of a greater cryme prepared a cuppe with poyson to welcome him home withall Wherof Mythridates hauyng intelligence by a Damosell punished the offence vppon the deuisers thereof After when wynter drew nigh he spent not the time in feastyng but in fâ—…ates of armes not in 〈◊〉 but in exercise not amoÌ„g carpet knights but eyther in yoâ—…sting and tournying in runnyng on foote or on horsebacke or els in wrestlyng and tryal of strength among his pâ—…res Also he daylie enured his men of warre by lyâ—…e exercyse to abyde labor and trauell as well as himself by meanâ—…s wherof as he was iâ—…incible himself so made he his host inuincible also Then he entred in league with Nicomedes and inuaded Paphlagonia the which he conquered and parted it with his companyon When woorde was brought to the Senate that these kyngs had subdued the countrie they sent Ambassadours to them both coÌ„maun dyng them to set it in the lyke estate as they found it My thridates thinkyng himself nowe able ynough to matche the puissaunce of the Romayns answered proudelie that the kyngdome was his fathers by inheritaunce and that he maruayled they should make alteration with him for it hauyng not done the lyke to his father Moreouer he set so lyght by their Manaces that he inuaded Galatia also Nicomedes for asmuch as he was not able to make his partie good by anie tytle answered he woulde surrender it to the rightfull kyng and so chaungyng the name of his owne sonne he called him Phylomenes by the name of the kyngs of Paphlagonia by which conueyance vnder a counterfect name he helde still the kyngdome as though he had restored it to the right heire The Romayne Ambassadoures beyng thus had in derision returned to Rome with a mocke Morrouer he sent his wyfe Laodice to Rome to testifye that she haâ—…e tâ—…ree sonnes by Ariarathes The which thyng when Mithridates knew of he also with lyke impudent vnshamefastnesse sent Gordius vnto Rome to auouche before the Senate that the chylde to whome he had deluded the kyngdome of Cappadocia was the sonne of the same Ariarathes whiche in the quarell of the Romaynes was slayne in the battell agaynst Aristouicus But the Senate vnderstandyng the meanyng and endeuour of both the kynges wold not gene other mens kingdoms to vsurpers that tooke wrong names vppon them Whereupon they tooke Cappadocia from Mithrydates and to comfort him withall they toke Paphlagonia from Nicomedes And to th entent it should not seme they wold take any thynges from the kynges in despight of them to bestowe it vppon others bothe the Nacions were seâ—…at at free lybertie But the Cappadocians refusyng the gyfte of lyâ—…ertie sayd that their countrie could not liue without a kyng Whervppon Ariobarzanes was appointed by the Senate to be their kyng There was at the same tyme one Tygranes king of Armenia kept in hostage not long before by the Parthâ—…aÌ„s and now lately remitted by them into his fathers kyngdome Hym dyd Mithridates couet to allure to take his part in the warres that he had of loÌ„g tyme purposed agaynst the Romaynes Wherfore by the meanes of Gordius he persâ—…ded him as one that knew not what it was to displease the Romaynes to make war vppon Ariobarzanes who was a very cowarde And to th entent it shoulde not seme be dyd it for anye cautele or pollicy he gaue him his daughter Cleopatra in mariage At the fyrst
richesse in old tyme the which they should not nede to go to fyght for but to go to take possession of For Asia was so desyrous of their commyng that she called cryed to them a loude to make speade So greate a hatreded toward the Romayns hadde the greadie rauenousnesse of their Proconsultes the pollyng and shauing of their tolle gatherers the wrongfull delyng in sutes and controuer lies of the lawe of their officers rooted in the hartes of them all Wherefore he willed them to doe no more but followe him manfully ponder with themselfes what so great an army might be able to doe hauyng such a Capitayne as he was whome they themselfes had sene without the helpe of any of his souldiers by his own industrie onely slea the kyng of Cappadocia seyze his kyngdome who onely of all the men that euer lyued conquered all the countries borderyng vppo◅ the sea of Pontus Scythia also the whiche before his tyme no man could trauel through no nor go vnto in sauftie As for his own Iustice and lyberalitie he woulde not refuse that his souldiers which had had sufficient tryall and experience of them should beare wytnesse to the same as of the whiche these were manifest tokens that he only of all kyngs enioyed not onely the kyngdomes that his father possessed before him but also for his bountie and magnificence was adopted to be heyre of other forreyne Realmes as Colchos Paphlagonia and Bosphorus whiche he nowe peaceablie helde ▪ When he had thus encouraged his souldiers after the. xxiii yere of his reygne he entered into warre agayn◅ the Romayns At that tyme in Egypte after the death of P◅olomy kyng of Cyrene both the kyngdome and the Quene Cle◅patra his syster to be his wy◅e ▪ ◅lomy was glad in that he had recoured his brothers king dome without battell the which he knewe his mother Cleopatra and certeyn of the noble men went preuelye about to assure vnto his brothers sonne But assone as b◅ came vnto Alexandria to the great displeasure of all the Cytie he caused all such as fauored the chylde to be put to death The chylde himself also he slew in his mothers armes the very same day that he maried her in the myd des of all the feastyng and solemne ceremonies of wed◅cke And so he wēt to bed with his syster all bestayned with the blood of her sonne After the whiche dede he became euen as meke to his other countreymen that had called him to the kyngdome For he gaue his souldiers which were straungers leaue to kill whome they wold so that daylie all places were on a gore blood and he put away his syster and toke to wyfe her daughter a fayre yong mayden hauyng firste rauished her per force with the which thynges the people wer so dysmayed that they shronke away so◅e one whether and some another forsakyng theire natife countrie like banished folk for dread of death Ptolomy beyng left alone with his souldioures in so greate a Cytie when he sawe howe he was a Kynge of emptie houses and not of men made proclamacion that straungers shoulde come and inhabite the Cytie after whose resor thyther he went forth to mete the Romayn Ambassadors Scipio Affricanus Spurius Mumius and Lucius Metellus which came to see howe the Realmes of their confederates wer ordered But loke howe cruell he was to all his owne countriemenne so much was he a laughyng stocke to the Roma◅ns For he was yll visaged a dwarfe of stature he had such a fat paunche that he semed more lyke a beast then a man the whiche fouldnesse and deformitie his smal shyrle voyce and his thinne garmentes dyd more encrease as thogh of set purpose he had set oute the thynges to be sene which he that had any regarde of shame oughte with all care and studie to haue hydden moste secretlie After the departure of Thambadoures of the whiche Affricanus whiles he behelde the Cytie was himselfe a spectacle to the Alexandrians Ptolomy beyng nowe hated euen of his Alientes also fledde preuely oute of the Realme with his sonne whome he had begotten of hys syster and with his wyfe her owne mothers paramour for feare of treason and hauyng gotten an hoste of hyred souldiours he made warre bothe agaynst his syster and agaynst his owne countrie Afterwarde he sent for his eldest sonne from Cyrene for bycause the Alexandrians shoulde not make him kyng agaynste him he putte hym to deathe Then the people in despyght of him brake doune his ymages and tare doune hys pictures The which thyng thynkyng to be doone by the procuremente of hys syster he slew the sonne whome he hadde begotten uppon her and then cuttyng hys bodie in gobbettes closed it vp in a Casket and sent it for a present to the mother as she was makyng feast and great chere vpon the day of her byrth The whiche was a bitter and sorowfull syght not onelie to the Quene herself but also to all the whole Cytie and it cast such a grief vppon that ioyfull feast that sodaynlie in all the Court was nothyng but mournyng and lamentyng The noble men therfore turnyng themselfes from feastyng to funeralles shewed to the people the mangled bodie declaryng what hope they oughte to haue of theyr kyng who hadde so cruelly murdered his owne chylde Cleopatra after that the sorow for losse of her sonne was ceased perceyuyng herselfe to be sore infested by her brothers warre Demaunded help of Demetrius Kyng of Syria by his Ambassadors whose chances were strange and worthie to be spoken of For Demetrius as it is shewed before makyng warre agaynst the Parthians gettyng the victorie in manie encounters was sodaynlie sur prised by pollicie and besydes the losse of his armie was also himself taken prysoner Whome Arsaces kyng of the Parthians sent into Hyrcanie and of his noble and Royall courage not onely gaue him enterteynement lyke a kyng but also gaue him his daughter in mariage promisyng moreouer to restore him the kyngdome of Syria which Tryfo hadde vsurped in his absence After whose death Demetrius beynge past hope of returnyng into his kyngdome and beyng not able to away with captiuitie beyng wearie of his priuate lyfe though he lyued neuer so welthelie assayed a faithfull frende to steale home into his owne kyngdome His counseler and companyon in this enterprise was a frend of his called Callimander who after his Maisters captiuitie hyryng guydes for mo ny himself disguysed in Parthian apparell came oute of Syria through the deserts of Arabie vnto Babylon But Phrahartes which succeded Arsaces sent oute post horses after him who made such spede by gayner ways that they ouertoke him and brought him back agayn When he came before the kyng Callimander was not only par doned but also highlie rewarded for his faithfulnesse towards his Master But Demetrius with a great rebuke was sent agayn to his wyfe into Hyrcanie and ther
nose was surnamed Grypho was created kyng by his mother vppon this coÌ„dicion that he should bear the name but she herself haue all the power and authoritie of the whole Empyre But Alexander the vsurper of the kyngdome of Syria being puffed vp with contynuall successe in his affayres began of greate pryde and insolencie to mocke and despyse Ptolomie himselfe by whome he was put in and inuested in that kyngdome Ptolomy therfore reconcyling to his syster endeuored by all the meanes he coulde deuise to depose Alexander from his Royaltie the which he had obteyned by his help for hatred that he bare towardes Demetrius Wherevppon he sent ayd to Grypho into Grece and his daughter Gryphin also to be his wyse to th entent he mighte procure the people to helpe his nephew not only by confederacie but also by alsance of affinitie And the matter came so to passe in dede For after the time they perceyued that Grypho was supported with the power of Egypte they began by litle and litle to reuolt euerychone from Alexander Afterwarde there was a battell foughte betwene them in the which AlexaÌ„der beyng put to the worse fled vnto Antioche Ther for want of mony hauing not wher with to pay his souldiers their wages he commaunded a sygne of victory of Massie golde to be taken out of the TeÌ„ple of Iupiter coloryng his sacryledge with a pleasaunt skoffe For he sayd that Iuppiter had lent him victorie Within a 〈◊〉 dayes after when he had geue coÌ„maundement preuely to pull oute of the temple the Image of Iupiter made all of cleane gold of an vnknowen weight and that beyng taken in doyng of the dede he was put to flyght by the multitude that came to the reskowe he was oppressed by the violence of a tempest and forsaken of his owne men and taken by theues and brought vnto Grypho and there put to death Furthermore Gripho hauing recouered his fathers kyngdom beyng delyuered from owtwarde daungers was assaulted by the treason of his owne mother who beyng inflamed with desyre of Soueraintie after she had betrayed her husbande Demetrius and kylled her other sonne for spight and malice that her authoritie and estimacion should be diminished by the victory of this other sonne offered him a cup of poison as he came from his pastyme But Grypho hauyng intel â—…geÌ„ce of his mothers treason as though he had stryued with her for courtesie desyred her to drynke to him the which vppon her refusall he requested more earnestlie At the length bringyng forth the author of the reporte he layde the matter to her charge affirming he would admit none other excuse to defend her offence with al but yf she wold drynke the same herself that she had profered to him The Quene beynge by this meanes conuicted of her mischeuous intent by receyuing the poyson herself that she had prepared for her sonne was depryued of her â—…yfe Grypho hauyng thus brought his Realme in quietnesse not only lyued himself at hartes ease but also gouerned his kyngdome in tranquillitie by the space of eyght yeres after the which terme beyng expyred there arose an enemie to his kyngdome namely his owne brother Cyricenus borne of his own mother but begotten by his vncle Antiochus Whome whiles he went about to ryde out of the way by poysonyng he styrred him the soner to contende with him by force for the kyngdome Among these parrycidiall discordes of the Realme of Syria dyed Ptolomy kyng of Egypt leauyng the kyngdome to his wyfe and one of his sonnes which so euer she would chose as though the state of Egypt should be in better quiet then the realme of Syria when the mother by chosyng the one of her sonnes should make thother her enemie Therefore whereas she was of herself more enclyned to the yonger sonne the peo ple compelled her to chose the elder From whome before she gaue him the kyngdome she toke away his wyfe and hauyng compelled him to forgo his moste dear beloued syster Cleopatra she caused hym to marry his yonger syster Seleuce Wherein she delt not lyke a mother betwixt her daughters coÌ„syderyng she tooke her husband from th one and gaue him to thother Cleopatra beyng not so muche put away by her husband as by violent diuorce separated from him hy meanes of her mother was maried to Cyricenus in Syria and to thintent she woulde not seme to haue brought nothyng elles vnto him more then the bare name of wyfe she raysed an host of men in Cyprus and brought it to her husband for her doury Cyricenus beyng now made as strong as his brother encountred with him in open fyelde where beynge vanquished and put to flight he came vnto Antioche Then Grypho beseged Antioche where Cleopatra the wyfe of Cyricenus lay At the takyng whereof Gryphin the wife of Grypho toke care for nothyng so much as to fynd oute her syster Cleopatra not to thyntent to helpe saue her out of captiuitie but to thyntent she should not escape the miâ—…eries of captiuitie Because as she thought in disdanye of her estate she had entred forciblie into that kyngdome inespeciallie and by marying herselfe to her sâ—…sters ennemie had made herselfe an ennemie to her Alledgyng agaynst her moreouer that she had raysed forreyn powers agaynste her brother she had maryed herselfe agaynst her mothers will oute of the Realme of Egypte On the con trarie parte Grypho besought her that she woulde not constreyne hym to committe so shamefull an acte For it was neuer hearde that any of his auncestours among so manie ciuill and so manie outwarde warres dydde after the victorie extend crueltie agaynste women the whiche for thymbecilliti of their nature had euer ben accustomed to be exempted bothe from the daungers of the warres and also from the crueltie of the conquerors A nowe in this case besydes the lawe of armes there was also the bounde of aliaunce to withhold him from doyng suche a wickednesse For on th one syde she was her owne syster whose blood she sought so cruellie and on the other syde she was his cousyne Germane yea and moreouer she was aunte to the chyldren of them bothe Moreouer besydes all those boundes of kynred and greate aliaunce he 〈◊〉 alledged that it was not right or lawefull for to suffer to violate the Temple in the whiche she had hyd her selfe and the whiche she hadde taken for saufegard of her lyfe but that the Goddes with so muche the more humilitie and deuocion ought to be reâ—…erenced on his parte as by theire greate mercye and fauour be hadde gotten the victorye at that tyme ouer hyâ—…â—…nnemyes For neyther by killyng her could he any thyng abate the strength of Cyricenus neyther by preseruyng their lyfe anie thyng encrease his power But the more vnwyllyng that Grypho was the more was she of womanlie wilfulnesse incensed agaynst her syster supposyng him to speake these wordes not of pytie and compassion
but of loue Whervppon callyng to her the souldiers she sent certayn of them herself to thrust her syster through Who enteryng into the temple when they could not pull her oute they cut of her handes as she had clasped them about the Image of the Goddesse Then Cleopatra cursyng those wicked murderers besechyng the Goddes whose sanctuary they had defyled to reuenge her vppon them dyed It was not long after but Cyricenus encountered again with his brother where gettyng â—…hupper hand he tooke Gryphin the wyfe of Grypho prysoner which latelie had put her syster to death with execucion of whome he dyd obsequies to his wyues Ghoste But in Egypt Cleopatra beyng greued that her sonne Ptolomy should be partener with her in the kyngdome incensed the people agaynste him and hauyng taken his wyfe Seleuce awaye from him which was so much to more griefe to him bycause he had begotten two sonnes by her bannished him the Realme sendyng for her yonger sonne Alexander whome she crowned kyng in his brothers stead And yet beyng contented to haue banished her sonne she pursued him with battell where he kept as a bannished man in Cyprus When she had dryuen him from thence also she put the Capitayn of her host to death bycause he had suffered him to escape alyue out of his handes Albeit to say the truthe Ptolomy departed oute of the Ilande rather because he was ashamed to fyghte with his mother then that he was not of power able to encounter her Alexander therefore dreadyng this his mothers crueltie departed his waye and left her alone desyring rather to lyue meanely in quiet saufegarde then to reygne as a kyng alwayes in daunger of his lyfe Cleopatra fearyng least Cyricenus should helpe her elder sonne Ptolomy to recouer the kyngdome of Egypt sent great ayde to Grypho and her daughter Seleuce to be his wyfe to th entent he should persyst enemie to her fyrst husband as he had ben before and also sent Ambassadors to her sonne Alexander to call him to the kyngdome agayne Agaynst whome as she was practisyng of mischief to bryng him to destruccion she was by him preuented and put to death and so she ended her lyfe not by naturall destynie but by deserued murder Surelie she was well worthie of such a slaunderous death which had defyled her owne mothers bed and put her besyde her husband whiche had made two of her daughters so oftentymes wydowes by choppyng and chaungyng of their husbandes which had banished th one of her sonnes pursewyng him with battell when she had done and hauyng wrested the kyngdome from thother had practised also to bryng him to his ende through treason Neuerthelesse Alexander himself escaped not altogyther vnpunished for committyng so abhominable a murder For assone as it was knowen that the mother was slayne by the wickednesse of her sonne the people rose agaynst him and draue him into exyle and callyng home Ptolomy agayne set him in possession of the kyngdome who was of that modestie that he would neyther make warre agaynste his mother nor yet chalenge that of his brother by force which was his before by right of inheritance Whyle these thynges were a doyng a bastard brother of his to whome his father had by his laste will bequeathed the kyngdome of Cyrene deceased and lefte the people of Rome to be his heyre For by this tyme the fortune of Rome was such â–ª that beyng not content with the boundes of Italie it began to stretche itselfe to the kyngdomes of the East By meanes whereof that part of Lybie was at that tyme made a prouynce and shortlie after Candy and Cilicia beyng subdued in the warres agaynst the Pyrates were brought in lykewyse in order of prouynces By the which dede bothe the kyngdomes of Syria and Egypt were streightned by the neyboured of the Romaynes and whereas before tymes they were wonte to encrease their Dominion by warryng vppon their borderers now beyng abridged of their lybertie to roue whâ—…r they lyst they turned their power to their own confusion In so much that beyng coÌ„sumed through coÌ„tinuall feightyng they were had in despight of their next neighbours and were as a praye to the Arabians whiche before that tyme were neuer knowen to be menne of warre Whose kyng Herotymus vppon trust that he had in his syx hun dred sonnes whiche he had begotten of his concubynes with sundrie Armies made rodes somtimes into Egypt and sometyme into Syria by meanes whereof within a while through the weaknesse and feblenesse of his neighbours he made the name of the Arabians famous and redoubted The. xl Boke THe kyng kyngdome of Syria being consumed through the natural hatred of the brothers and through the deadlie enmytie of their children succedyng in their fathers steppes one after an other with so mortal warre as neuer could be appeased the people resorted to straungers for refuge and be gan to loke about them for some forreyn kyng Therfore when as some thought it good to sende for Mithridates kyng of Pontus and some for Ptolomy kyng of Egypt and that it came to their remembraunce that Mithridates on th one syde was entangled with the warres of the Romayns and that Ptolomy on thother syde hadde euer ben an enemie to the kyngdome of Syria they consented all vppon Tygranes kyng of Armenia who besydes the power of his owne countrie was also supported by confederacie with the Parthians and by aliance with Mythridates Beyng therfore crowned king of Syria he enioyed the kyngdome excedyng quietlie by the space of eyghtene yeres hauyng no nede at all eyther to assayle others him selfe or to repulse others that assayled him But as Syria was in sauftie from forreyne 〈◊〉 â—…o was it greatlie wasted with an erthquake in the which ther perisshed an hundred threskore ten thousand men besydes the ruine of manie cities The whiche wonder the soothesayers interpreted to betoken a great alteracion of thynges For when Lucullus had ouercome Tygranes he proclaymed Antiochus the sonne of Cyricenus kyng But that which Lucullus had gyuen Pompeius afterward toke awaye who tolde him that he would not haue made him kyng of Syria no though he had sewed for it and muche lesse put it in his mouthe without chalengyng it Consyderyng that duryng the eyghtene yeres that Tygranes held Syria he had lyen lurkyng in a corner of Sylicia but assone as the Romayns had ouercome the sayde Tygranes he put himselfe forthe to sue for the reward of other mennes trauell Therfore lyke as yf he had had the kyngdome before he would not haue taken it from him euen so seyng he coulde fynde in his hart to suffer Tygranes to enioye it peaceablie so long he would not bestowe the thyng vppon him which he knew not howe to defende for doubte lest he might be an occasion that the Jewes and ArabiaÌ„s should enterprise to robbe and spoyle the countrie of Syria agayn So
was coÌ„mitted to Satagenor a stranger that had serued Alexander in his warres These afterward when the Macedones fell to ciuill warre with thother nacions of thupper Asia toke part with Emnenes after whose discomfiture they submitted themselfes to Antigonus after Antigonus Nicanor Seleucus Antiochus and his successors kept them in obedience from whose graundchylde Seleucus they fyrst of all reuolted in the fyrst warre that was betwene the Romayns the Carthaginenses L. Manlius Piso and M. Attilius Regu lus beyng Consuls The occasion that they escaped clere with this their rebellion was the discorde betwene the two brothers kyng Seleucus aad kyng Antiochus who were so earnest to plucke the kyngdome one from another that they hadde no leasur to pursewe the rebelles The same tyme also rebelled one called Theodotus the whiche was the Lieuetenaunt of the thousande Cyties of the Bactrians and proclaymed hymselfe Kynge Whose ensample all the other resydewe of the people of the East ensewyng reuolted froÌ„ the Macedones Ther was at the same tyme one Arsaces as of vnknowen lynage so of approued actiuitie This man beyng wonte to lyue by rauyne robberie hearyng say that the Frenchmen had vaÌ„quished Seleucus in Asia beyng out of feare of his Prince entered into Parthia with a bande of robbers and â—…ewe their Lieuetenaunt Andragoras and after he had dispatched him out of the way vsurped the dominion of the countrie It was not long after but he conâ—…uered the kyngdome of Hyrcanie also and so beyng esta blished in the Empire of two Realmes he leuied an huge hoste for feare of Seleucus and Theodotus kyng of the Bactrians But he was sone deliuered froÌ„ feare of Theodotus for he dyed â–ª with whose sonne called Theodotus also â–ª he concluded a league continuall peace And within a while after he enconntred with Seleucus that came to subdewe the rebelles and ouercame him The whiche day the Parthians haue euer sythens kept holye with much solemnitie as the beginnyng of their lybertie Afterwarde when Seleucus was through newe Insurreccions called backe into Asia Arsaces hauyng thereby reâ—…pite and oportunitie sette order in the publike weale of Parthia mustered souldiers builded for tresses stronge holdes strengthened cyties and also edified a Cytie new oute of the ground in the mountayn Thabortene which he named Dara The situacion of whiche place is suche that there cannot be any deuised eyther more strong and defensible or more pleasaunt and delectable For it is so enuyroned round about with stepe rockes that the place of it self is able to hold out the enemie though there wer no bodie to defend it And the soyle thereaboutes is so fer tile and frutefull that it is able to suffice the whole cytie without helpe of any other place Besydes this there is suche abundaunce of sprynges and woodde that besydes the commoditie of the water wherewith it is moste plen tifullie moystured they may also haue the pleasur of haukyng and huntyng when they lyste Arsaces hauyng in this wyse bothe gotten and established his kyngdome at once dyed an olde man as greatlie renoumed among the Parthians as was Cyrus among the Persians Alexander among the Macedones or Romulus among the Romayns In remembraunce of whome the Parthians attributed this honor that they called all theire kynges by the name of Arsaces euer after This mans sonne heire named Arsaces also hauyng an army of an hundred thou sand sootemen and twentie thousand horsemenne fought very valiauntlie agaynst Antiochus the sonne of Seleucus and at length was receyued by him into aliance and frendshippe The third kyng of the Parthians was Pam patius lykewyse surnamed Arsaces for as I told you before they called all their kinges by that name lyke as the Romaynes call theirs by the name of Cesar Augustus This man hauyng raigned twelue yeres deceased leauyng two sonnes Mythridates Pharnax Of the which Pharnax the elder inherityng the kyngdome accordyng to the custome of their countrie conquered a stout kynde of people called the Mardes and within a while after deceased leauyng manie sonnes behynde him the which he made no accompte of in that case but left the kyngdome to his brother Mythridates a man of excellent prowesse and actiuitie thinkyng that the kyngdome was more to be regarded then the name of father and that he oughte rather to prouyde for his natiue contrey â–ª then for his chil dren The same tyme lyke as Mythridates in Parthia so Eucratidâ—…s in Bactria bothe of them notable Princes began their raygnes at once But the Parthians had the happier fortune For through the pollitique gouernance of their kynge they aspyred to the Souerayne prehâ—…minence of th empyre Wheras the Bactrians beyng tossed to and fro with the vncertayn fortune of the warres lost not onely their kyngdome but also their lybertie For after the tyme they had wearied themselfs with the continuall warres of the Sâ—…gdianes Dranganitanes and Indians last of all as when half dead and without of harte they were subdued by the Parthians which wer weaker then they Yet notwithstadyng Encratides atcheued many battels with great prowesse through the which being brought lowe when as Demetrius king of Inde had beseged him he hauyng no mo but thre hundred souldiours about him by his continuall yssuyng oute preuelye vanquished threscore thousand of his enemies Wherevppon beyng after fyue monethes siege enlarged agayne he brought Inde vnder his subiection From whence as he was returnyng homewarde he was slayn in his iourney by his owne sonne whome he had made fellow in Them pyre Who nothyng dissemblyng the vnnaturall murder but rather reioycâ—…ng as though he had killed his enemie and not his father draue his chariot throgh his blood and commaunded his bodie to be throwen awaye vnburied While these thyngs were a doyng amoÌ„g the Bactrians in the meane space there arose warre betwene the Parthians and the Medes in the whiche after diuers aduentures of bothe nacions at length the Parthians gate the vpper hand Mythridates beyng increased in strength by their power made one Bachasus Regent of Media and himselfe went into Hyrcania At his returne froÌ„ whence he made warre vppon the kyng of the Elymeans whom he ouercame and adnexed that Realme also to his kyngdome And there vppon receiuyng many contries by com posicion he dylated th empyre of Parthia from the montayn Cancasus euen vnto the ryuer of Euphrates Fynallie beyng taken with a sicknesse he dyed honorablie in his olde age of no lesse fame and renoume then his greatgraunfather Arsaces The. xlii Boke AFter the decease of Mythridates kynge of the Parthians his sonne Phrahartes was crowned kyng Who beyng fully purposed to warre vppon Syria to be reuenged vppon Antiochus for attemptyng the kyngdome of Parthia was by 〈◊〉 of the Scythians reuoked to the defence of his owne For the Scythians beyng solicited vppon promise of wages to ayde the Parthians against Antiochus
kyng of Syria when as the warre was fynished ere they came and thei in reproche of their late coÌ„myng were defrauded of their hyre beyng greued to haue trauailed so farre for nothing when as they demaunded eyther theire wages for theire paynes takyng or els some other ennemie to fyght with such a skornefull aunswere was gyuen them that they beyng offended therewith began to waste the borders of Parthia Phrahartes therefore when he should take his iourney agaynst the Scythians left to gouuerne his Realme in his absence one Hymâ—…rus highlie in fauour with him for thabuse of him in the florisshing prime of his childhod Who forgettyng bothe his owne former lyfe and whose persone he represented through his tyrannous crueltie vexed importunatlie bothe Babylon and manâ—…e other ci ties And Phrahartes himselfe ledde to the warres with him the Grekysh hoste the whiche he hadde taken in the warres of Antiochus had entreated cruelly proudelie quite forgettynge that their captiuitie hadde not mitigated their enemielyke myndes so much but y â— his wrongfull demeanor towardes the had more styrred the to displeasur against him Therfore when they espied that the Parthien battel began to haue the worse end of the staÌ„ffe they turned themselfes and tooke part with the enemie and so with the bloudie slaughter of the Partbien hoste of the kyng Phrahartes himselfe they executed the reuengement of their wrongfull captiuitie which they had so longe tyme desyred In stead of him at his vncle Artabanus was created kyng And the Scythians beyng con tented with the victorie after that they had wasted Parthia returned into their owne countrih But Artabanus dyed immediatlie of a wounde in his arme that he receyued in a battell agaynst the Colchatarians After him suc ceded his sonne Mythridates who for his noble acts was surnamed the Greate For beyng enflamed with desyre to excell in prowesse he behaued himself so noblie that in magnanimitie he surmounted al his famous progenitors Therefore he accomplished manie warres agaynste his neighbours with greate prowesse and subdewed manie nacions vnder the Dominion of Parthia Moreouer he foughte diuerse tymes to his aduauntage agaynste the Scythians and reuenged the displeasur doone to his predecessours At the laste he made warre agaynst artoadistes kyng of the Armenians But forasmuche as we be passyng into Armenie I thynke it necessarye to repete thoriginall thereof somewhat deper For me thynkes it is not lawfull to passe ouer so great a kyngdome with sylence coÌ„syderyng that next vnto Parthia it surmounteth al other kingdoms in greatnes For armenia is in leÌ„gth from Cappadocia vnto the Caspian sea eleuen hundred myles and in bredthe seuen hundred myles It was foun ded by Armenius one of the companyons of Iason the Thessalien whome kyng Pelias couetyng to destroy for his notable prowes which semed dangerous to his kingdome for feare least he should depose him told him what a noble viage ther was for him into Colchos perswading him to take thenterprise vpon him to fetche the golden fliece y â— was so famous notably talked of 〈◊〉 y â— worlde Hopyng that eyther through so long and perâ—…llous a saylyng or eis by feightyng agaynst so sauâ—…age and Barbarous a people he might brâ—…ng the aduenturous knight tâ—… confusion Iason therefore when he had made proclamacion of so notable a voyage and that therevppon the noble yong men almoste of all the whole worlde resorted in great number vnto him he assembled an armie of moste valiaunt knightes whiche were all called by the name of Argonantes Whome when after thaccomplishement of his aduenturous enterprises he had brought home again in sauftie he was expulsed agayn oute of Thessaly by the sonnes of Pelias Wherevppon with a great multitude which for the renowme of his prowesse daylie resorted to him oute of all Realmes hauyng in his companie his wyfe Medea whome after his late diuorcement for pytie of her exilement he had receyued agayn with her sonne Medeus begotten by Egeus kyng of Athenes he wente agayn to Colchos and restored his father in lawe to his kyngdome from whiche he was deposed After that he made manie battels with his neighbours and their Cyties whiche he had taken he partlie annexed to the kyngdome of his father in lawe to th entent to abolishe the reproche of his former warfare wherein he had both ledde away his daughter Medea and 〈◊〉 slayne his sonne Aegialus and partly gaue them to the 〈◊〉 that he broght with him to inhabyte By report he was the fyrste of all men next after Hercules and Liber whiche as the same goeth were kynges of the East that conquered that clymate of the worlde Ouer some Nacions he assygned captaynes Phrygius and Ansystratus the wageners of Castor Pollur He made a league with the Albanes which as it is reported followed Hercules out of Italy froÌ„ the mountayn Albanus when after the slaying of Gerion he draue his cattell through Italie who also bearyng in mynde that they came oute of Italie saluted the armie of Pompeius by the name of brothâ—…rs wheÌ„ he warred with Mythridates By meanes whereof all the whole 〈◊〉 almoste buylded Temples and dyd diuine honors to Iason as to their fyrst founder The whiche Parmenion one of the Capitaynes of great Alexander manie yeres after commanded to be beaten doun to th entent that no mans name shoulde be had in more honor in the East then the name of AlexaÌ„der after the death of Iason Medus being an earnest follower of his vertues in honor of his mother Medea buylded the cytie Mâ—…dea and established the kingdome of the Medes callyng it after his own name which in continuance of tyme grewe to that estate that all the Cast was in subieccion to th empyre thereof The Albans are next neighbors to the Amazones whose Quene Tha lestres manie authours haue reported to â—…aue desyred the carnall companie of Alexander Armenius beyng also a Thessalien and one of the number of Iasons Capitains hauyng gathered togyther the multitude whiche after the death of Iason their kyng wandred vp and doune euery where founded the toune of Armenie in the mountaynes whereof springeth the riuer Tygris which at the fyrst is a very small streame Then a good waye from the head it falleth into the grounde and a fyue and twentie myles beyonde it ryseth vp a great 〈◊〉 in the contrie Sophone and so is receyued into the lakes of Eufrates Therefore Mythridates kyng of the Parthians after his warre in Armenie was for his crueltie deposed from the kyngdome by the counsell of the Realme His brother Ho rodes inuadyng the Royal sea beyng vacant beseged Ba bylon a greate whyle bycause his brother Myth idates was fledds thither so long vntill he 〈◊〉 them for famyn to yeld vp the toune Mythridates vppon trust and coÌ„fidence in that he was so ners of his kynne willynglie submitted himself to his brother Horodes But
natife countrie Therfore he toucheth brieflie the beginnyng of the Romayne Empyre so that he neyther excedeth the boundes which he propounded to himselfe in his worke nor yet passeth ouer with silence the fondacion of that Cytie which out of doubt is head of all the world The fyrste inhabiters of Italye were the Aborigines whose kyng Saturne is reported to haue ben of suche Iustice and vprightnesse that duryng his â—…eygne ther was not any slaue or bondman nor any man that had oughte priuate to himself but all thynges were common and vndeuided to all menne a lyke as thoughe it hadde benne one Patrymonie and one Inheritaunce equallie belongyng to all menne In remembraunce of the which example it is enacted that in the feast of Sâ—…turne no man shoulde be more set by then another but that the bondemen should syt doune to their meale fellowelyke with theire Maysters eueryewher Furthermore Italy was called Saturnia after the name of the foresayd kyng The Hyll also where he dwelled was called Saturne on the which at this day Iupiter hauyng as it were remoued Saturne out of his place standeth the Capitoll After him in the thirde place by reporte reygned Faunus in whose tyme Euander with a small companie of his countrymen came from Palantener a cytie of Arcadie into Italie to whome Faunus of gentlenesse and courtesie assigned landes to lyue vppon and the mountayne which afterward he called PalaÌ„tine In the foote of this hill he builded a Temple to Lycens whome the Grekes call Pan and the Romaynes Lupercus The Image of the God beyng otherwise naked is clade in a goates skynne in the whiche maner oâ—… attyre menne are yet wonte to runne vp and doun the stretes of Româ—… in the celebracion of the feastes kepte vnto Pan. Faunus had a wyfe named Fatua whiche beyng continuallie rauished with a holy spirite as it were in a furie Prophecied of thynges to comme whervppon such as are wonte to be so inspyred are sayd to playe fatua vnto this day Of the daughter of Faunus and Hercules who the same tyme hauyng kylled Gerion draue his cattel which he had gotten in reward of his victorie throughe Italie was vnlefull begotten Latinus Duryng whose raygne Aeneas after that Troye was destroyed by the Grekes â–ª came from thence into Italie Where at his fyrst arriuall he was bydden battell But when he hadde brought his menne into the field before thencounter they fell to communicacion In the whiche he brought Latinus in suche admiracion of him that he was content to make him Compartener of hys kyngdome and also made him his sonne in lawe by geuyng him his daughter Lauinia in mariage After this they made warre 〈◊〉 agaynste Turnus kyng of the Rutilians who chalenged them for defraudyng him of Lauinia that by promis should haue ben his wyfe In the which bothe Turuus Latinus wer slayn Aeneas therfore obteynyng bothe the nacions by the law of armes buylded a cytie gaue it the name of his wyfe Afterward he made warre agaynste Mezentius kyng of the Hetruscians in the which he was slayne and his son Ascanius succeded in his stead Who leauing Lauinium buylded Alba longa the whiche for the space of thre hundred yeres togyther was the head of the kyngdom After manie kynges of this Cytie at length raygned Numitor and Amulius But Amulius hauyng wrongfully deposed his elder brother Numitor to thentente none yssue male should ryse of the stock of Numitor to chaleng the croune thrust his daughter Rhea into a nonrie there to leade all her lyfe in vowâ—…d virginitie clokyng his iniurie with an honorable color that men might suppose she was not put there as a condemned persone but rather made chief prio resse of the place by election Beyng therefore as a recluse in the Groue consecrated to Mars she was delyuered of two sonnes whether she conceyued them by aduouterye or by Mars no manne is able to say of a truthe Amulius vppon knowledge hereof beyng in more feare then euer he was by reason of the byrth of the two children coÌ„man ded them to be cast away and layd their mother in prison through distresse wherof she dyed But fortune prouiding before hand for thoriginall of the Romaynes sente a she-wolfe to nource the children the whiche hauyng loste her whelpes for desyre to haue her dugges drawen that wer payned with fulnesse of mylke offered herselfe to be nourice to the chyldren As â—…he came and went oftentymes to the children lyke as yf they had ben her whelpes A shepeherde named Faustulus perceyued the matter and stealyng them from the wolfe brought them vp lyke shepeherdes among his Cattel Now whether it were for that they were borne in the Groue of Mars or for that they were nourished by a wolf which is in the tuicion of Mars it was beleued to be as a manifest proofe that they were the sonnes of Mars The one of theÌ„ was named Remus thother Romulus When thei were men growen they accustomed to trye Maystries daylie one with an other wherby they encreased as well in strength as in agilitie and swyftnes Therfore when they had oftentymes man fully pollitiquely chased away the thefes from stealyng of the cattell Remus was taken by the sayde thefes as though he had ben thâ—… same himself whiche he had prohibited thothers to doe was brought before the kyng and there accused for a stealer of Numitors cattell Whervppon the kyng deliuered him to Numitor to punish as he thought good But Numitor hauyng pitie of the yonge man had half a mistrust that he should be one of his nephewes that were cast away by reason he resembled his daughter so much in fauor and makyng by reason that the tyme of her deliueraunce was agrâ—…able vnto his yeres As he was in this doubtfull perplexitie with himself Faustulus came sodaynlie in with Romulus by whome beyng further instructed of the byrthe bringyng vp of the children they made a conspiracie and toke weapon in hand the yong men to reuenge their mothers death and Numitor to recouer the kyngdome wrongfully witholdeÌ„ from him Amulius was slayne and Numitor restored to the crowne Anone after the yongmen builded the cytie of Rome The whiche beyng finished there was ordeyned a Senate of an hundred elders which were called fathers Then because the neighbours disdeyned to marry their daughters to shepeherdes they rauished the maydens of the Sabines aud hauyng subdued the people that were next about them fyrst they gate thempore of Italy and anone after th empyre of the whole worlde At those dayes as yet the kynges in stead of Diademes hadde maces which the Grekes call Scepters For euen from the fyrst begynnyng of thynges men in olde tyme dyd worship maces for Goddes In remembraunce of which Religion the ymages of the Goddes are yet styll â—…ade with Maces in their handes In the tyme of kyng Tarquine a companie of the Phocenses
enâ—…rapped by a pollicy and slayn In his roume was sent his sonne in lawe Hasdrubal who also was slayn by a seruaunt of a Spanyard in reuengement of his Maisters death Han niball the sonne of Hamilcar greater theÌ„ thei both succeded in the Capitainship For he surmountyng the actes of them bothe conquered all Spayne And then makyng war agaynst the RomaÌ„s vexed Italy with sundry slaughters by the space of syâ—… yeres togither Whereas in the meane season the Romayns sendyng the Scipios into Spayne fyrst draue the Carthaginenses out of the countrie afterward had sorâ—… warres with the Spanyardes themselfes Neuerthelesse the countries of Spayn could neuer be brought vnder the â—…oke of bondage vntil that Cesar Augustus hauyng conquered the whole worlde came agaynste them with his victorious army brought those Barbarous and cruel people to a more ciuill trade of liuyng by order of lawe and substituted a Lieuetenaunte ouer them lyke as was done in all other Prouynces of Th empyre FINIS Princâ—…s first elected for vertues sake The begynnyng of the Monarchie of Assiria desyre of honour the first cause of warre The inuention of magicke and Aâ—â—ronomy An example of a pollityke wâ—â—an Vertue ouercometh enuy The buylding of Babilon Semiramis slayne of her owne sonne Sardanapalus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 are the 〈◊〉 cay of the grâ—…test kyng domes Th empyre of the Medes beginneth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of his 〈◊〉 â–ª Her 〈◊〉 was 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 That God will haue saued can not 〈◊〉 lost 〈◊〉 â—…ayth it was borne dead Cyrus is cho sen kyng aâ—…ong childreÌ„ The 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 â—…ous cruelty 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Displeasure wisely 〈◊〉 bled The letter of Harpagus vnto Cyrus â—…unning 〈◊〉 ueyaunce of 〈◊〉 letter The pollicye of Cyrus to cause the Persians to rebell Cyrus rebelleth The crueltye reuenged Necessitye geueth hart Force and wysdom 〈◊〉 to â—…tune The 〈◊〉 of Cyrus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cresus is ta ken prisoner The magnitycence of Cyrus The Lydiâ—… rebell and are â—…bdued The reward of rebellion The foolyshe loue and demeanour of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â—…eth Candaules and maketh hius selâ—…kyng A manly women His name was Spargapises Ignorauncâ—… pernicious in a Captayns The inuincible courage of Thomiris The grâ—…at â—…aughter of the Persians The death of Cyrus Cambyses succedeth â—…own wyll haue no pere 〈◊〉 ca not continew â—…ong The great treason of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Oropastâ—…reigneth in stead of 〈◊〉 The treason is mistrusteâ—… The treason commeth to lyght Counsell 〈◊〉 not be kept long in a multitude Necessitie geâ—… courage The zeale â—…obryas Gobryas to his countrey Th end of vsâ—…pe authori tyâ—… A singuâ—…ar ex ample of modesty in great estaâ—…es The pollicie of a horseâ—… Daâ—… 〈◊〉 made kyng bâ—… the neying 〈◊〉 a horse Daâ—…ius â—…keth to wyfe the daughteâ—… of Cyrus named Aâ—…ossa The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â—…opyrus to hys kyng and to hys countrâ—… â—…pirus deâ—…lluereth Babilon to the kyng Contentioâ—… as concerninâ—… antiquitie The tempâ—… tenesse of Egypt and the â—…uitfulnesse thâ—…eof â–ª The replication of the 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 of Scithia the customeâ—… and manerâ—… of the 〈◊〉 â—…ns called 〈◊〉 The power and force of nature Asia tributatye to the â—…cithians Theyr fortunate successe The nature of the Parthians and Bactrians Who fyrst made warre vpon the Scithians The Scithâ—…ans are reuoked out of Asia by 〈◊〉 wyuce In this place he greâ—…ly exreth Example of fortitude in women The kingdome of the Amazones The customs of the Amazones The queenes of Amazone The buylding of Ephe â—…us â—… myrâ—… of virginityâ—… and prowesse 〈◊〉 sedeth Hercules for the Queene of amazonies armour Hercules exchaungeth Menalyppe for y â— queâ—…nes armour Orithia sendeth for ayde to the king of Scithia She is â—…orsaken of her 〈◊〉 cour and ouer come of the Atheniens Penthesileâ—… The decay of â—…hamazones He retorneth to the storyes of the Stithians The stratageme of the Scithians against theyr bondâ—…en Here ended the first bokâ—… The shameful retire of Darâ—…us out of Scithia He conquereth the lesser Asia and Mâ—… cedonie A â—…igression to the acts of the â—…henieÌ„s The noblenes antiqui ty of Athens Of what things the aâ—…henieÌ„s wer the first inueÌ„ ters The first ordainer of mariage among the heathen The â—…loud of Dencalion Sowinge of corn â—…ueÌ„ted The succession of the kinges of AtheÌ„s an ex ample of greate loue toward the natiue couÌ„try The alteratâ—…on of gouernment in athens The commeÌ„dat ion and do ings of solon The pollicye of Solon Deceit tourned vpon the workers hed An example of a craftye â—… suttle decâ—… uer Diocles slain for rape A constant and inuicible stomacke He returneth to the historye of Darius The noble en terprise of Milciades The courage of the Atheniens and me co wardise of the Persians Fortune helpeth the coura gious The praise of Themistocles The commendation of Cynegirus The slaughter of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The vengans of God vppon tyraunts and traâ—…oures The death oâ—… Darius A brotherly conteÌ„â—…n for the kingdom xerxes succe deth Darius in his kingdoÌ„ The â—…oue of Demaratus to his couÌ„try The hnge host of xerxes His richesse and want of good gouer naunce The loue of Leonidas towarde hys country The noble prowesse of Lconida and the SpartaÌ„es A â—…olitique prouisy on of themistocles Man 〈◊〉 power against God Xerxes burneth Thespâ—… and 〈◊〉 and Athens Thanâ—…wer of the 〈◊〉 Themistocles interpre teth the same The deuise of Themistocles to make his confederates abyde 〈◊〉 cowardise of Xerxes The valiantnes of arte mysia The Persians are discoÌ„fyted on the sea The couonseâ—… of Mardonius â—…cles sendeth againe to 〈◊〉 erxes 〈◊〉 flyeth for fear A worthy ex ample of the ficklenesse of fortune and of the frailnes of mans estate The afflictions of the Persian host Mardonius wâ—…th Oâ—…hus A battel betweene Mar doâ—…s and the grekes Excesse of richesse The swift nes of â—…ame The wise 〈◊〉 menor of Theâ—…o cles Themistocles cometh vnto Lacedeâ—…n The Spartanes make war againste the Persians Pâ—…ius worketh treson against his country Aristides preuenteth hys trâ—… Pansaâ—… 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cyno is made graund 〈◊〉 tain against the Pâ—… The naturaâ—… loue of 〈◊〉 to his faâ—… â–ª Xerxes 〈◊〉 Xerxes is 〈◊〉 by hys own subiect The cautele and treson of Artabanus The treason disclosed Treson politiquely reuen ged The discorde of the grâ—…kes amonge them sâ—…lues Rightuousnâ—…s is to be preferred before akingdoÌ„ The notable lawes of Lâ—…curgus The bringing vp of children The mariage of maidens Reâ—…erence vnto old age The deuise of Licurgus to make hys lawes eternall Licurgus vâ—… nisheth hym self to do hys couÌ„try good The waâ—…a of the Spartanes against the Meâ—…ans The original of the Partheniens Phalanthus The Parthe niens seke theÌ„ a newe dwelling place They place them selues in Italye The loue of Phalanthus toward his country Phaâ—…anthus is honoured for a God The Messeniens are subdued afterward doo rebell Tirteus bringâ—…th the spartanes in despaire The force of Poetrye The courage of the Messenians Occasyon of war betwene the
Lacedemonians and â—…atheniens See the nature of enuy The noble â—…o ings of Pericles The Lacedemonians take a truce and breake it The wisdom of Pâ—…icles in reuengyng his countrye His wisdom in aâ—…oidinge hys owne periâ—…s Battel on the â—…ea The Lacedemoniâ—…s brake the truce againe The discription of Sicil with the nature therof The narow seas of Sicil Scilla and Charybdis The names of Sicil. An example of iustice and good gouernaunce and the frute theâ—…of â—…de more hereof in the xviii xix xx xxii bokes â—…iuil warâ—…s in Sicil by meanes wher of the athâ—… ens werâ—… broughâ—… to a sore after 〈◊〉 alcibiades ari ueth in Sicil and is sent for home again tanswer to accusanoÌ„s The prayse of Gylippus Thatheniens are vanquiâ—…ed The third diâ—… comfiture of them The fourth ouerthrâ—… oâ—… them Gylippus 〈◊〉 loweâ—…h the victory â–ª Demosthenes 〈◊〉 him selfe The pointes wherof Alcibiades was appealed alcibiades stirreth the Lacedemonians against hys owne countrye He was the sonne of artax erxes was the viii kyng of Persia. The prowes of thathenieÌ„s â—…auour â—…oloweth fortuâ—… The doinges of Alcibiades againste his owne couÌ„trie He 〈◊〉 no lessâ—… â–ª The naturâ—…â—… maners of 〈◊〉 cibiades Marke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Note his crafty deling alcibiades is called outâ—… of exite and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 generall of the warres alcâ—…tades ouercome the Lacedemontans His tryumphanâ—… returu vnto athens The fortune of alcibiades Ouersight pernitious in a captain Alciâ—…des is banished againe A great slaughter of the atheniens The courage of thathenâ—…eÌ„s Their last ouerthrowe slaughter a Rhetoricall description of the afflicted state of 〈◊〉 Athens is be sieged peace is graâ—… ted to the Atheniens It was the 400. before the comminge of Christ. Eu sebius This was the yonger Dennis of whome reade in the xxi boke Athens is op pressed wyth tiranny The final 〈◊〉 of alcibiades The crueltyâ—… of the tirants The loue of Thrasibuluâ—… to his tountry The like example of Lysias Uncorrupted faithfulnes The tyrants are 〈◊〉 shâ—…d The worthy rewarde of tyranye ThathenieÌ„s at restored to their countâ—… agayne cause of 〈◊〉 ge betwene the Corinthi ans Lacedemonians The death of Darius Nothus The wicked war betwene Cyrus and ar taxâ—…rxes Cyrus is slayne Ambition is neuer satisfied The warres betwene the Lacedemonians and the Persians Tyssaphernes is accused to y â— king Conon is ma de admirall of the Persian â—…ete The praise of Conon audof agesilaus â—… mutinye for nonpaiment of wages The 〈◊〉 oâ—… Conon to 〈◊〉 kynge The 〈◊〉 of Conon The circumâ—…spectnesse of the two Cap taines LysaÌ„der Conon The praise of Lysanda The Lacedemonians are vanquished on the sea after misfortune foloweth disdayne Lysander 〈◊〉 slayne Agesilans 〈◊〉 couereth the victory being loste The coÌ„mendacion of Iphicrates Conon retur neth to Aâ—…heÌ„s An vniuersall peace is en ioyned to all Grece It was 〈◊〉 yere before the birthe of Christe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The token oâ—… the victory geuen The courage of the old 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is wounded to death The praise of EpaminoÌ„das in whom is ex pressed the Image of a good captaine and of a iust magistrate The 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 das at hys death The fyrst kyng of Macedoâ—… Of 〈◊〉 and of his 〈◊〉 phâ—…y Argâ—… The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Mâ—… câ—…dones The frendlye entertainmeÌ„t of the Persian ambassaâ—…ors Note the modesty of the barbarous people in choâ—…e daies Thambassadors of Persia murdeted for incontineÌ„cye Aâ—…nce by matiage beâ—…wene the Persians and the macedons Amyntas the second The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 Thâ—… 〈◊〉 on of kynge 〈◊〉 A 〈◊〉 and wicked mother Philiptaketh the kingdome vpon him The troubled state of Macedone The pollitike demcanor of Philip. The 〈◊〉 warres oâ—… king 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a wyfe A good 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 An 〈◊〉 of modesty The discord of the Cityes of grece The Thebanes can not 〈◊〉 their good fortune Nede hath no law The Thebanes are ouercome The 〈◊〉 folye of the Thebanes The force of supersticion A discourâ—… a gainst the im piety of the atheniens The falshead and vntrouth of king Philip The 〈◊〉 of Philip. Philip 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 allawe and right The malyce oâ—… the Theba 〈◊〉 The misâ—…rable state of Grece The 〈◊〉 â—…sage of Philip Philip 〈◊〉 no promise Philip â—…emoueth whole couÌ„tries with their people Philip abuseth alexander and deposeth arimba kings of Eplre Philip â—…geth Constaâ—…inople Philip maketh a rode in to Tartaâ—… â–ª The vngratitude of the kyng of Scythia The athâ—…nieÌ„s are vanquiâ—…hed The 〈◊〉 dissiâ—…lation of king Phillip The gentlenes of Phillip towardes the â—…theniens His rigor towardes the Thâ—…banes A notable â—…xample of constancy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The nombâ—… of kinge Pâ—…lips men of warre Phillip â—…deth the Empire of persâ—… He 〈◊〉 him seife 〈◊〉 Olympias He maryeth his daughter to alexander king of epyre The death of king Phillip The cause of Phâ—…ps deâ—…h Occasions of great displeaâ—…re betwene Phllip hys son alexandre The doingâ—… of 〈◊〉 at the 〈◊〉 of Phâ—…p The 〈◊〉 of a 〈◊〉 â–ª The description of kynge Philip. A comparison betwene Phi lip alexadre This â—…ame is he that is meÌ„tiond of in the v. and vi bokes before The wickednesse of Darius towarde hys father The iuste reward of treson The 〈◊〉 of Ochus The estate of macedone after the death of king philip The wise and discrete behauiour of Alexander The murderers 〈◊〉 kyngPhilip are punished Alexander gâ—… eth forward with the waâ—… agaynste the Persians thaâ—… his father phâ—… lip had begoâ—… â–ª Alexander suâ—… presseth the commotions in grece The hatred of all grece to ward the Thebanes The â—…sion of â—…das for the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of tâ—… câ—…y The Citye of Thebes is 〈◊〉 stroyed The same is he that in the â—…ast boke is called Codoâ—…an alexander setâ—…eth an ordee in his kingdome â—…he noble co rage and free hart of alexan der alexanders hoste 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Da rius The nomber of the Persians Darius is vanquished Of the citye Gordis and of Gordius 〈◊〉 Alexander ta keth a greate 〈◊〉 The seconde â—…ncounter betwene AlexaÌ„der Darius The 〈◊〉 of the â—…ans The 〈◊〉 oâ—… 〈◊〉 Superfluitie the cause of disorder A kyng of a gardiner Alexander be 〈◊〉 Tire alexander goeth to â—…mo in 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 of the priests whiche after was the â—…struction of manye 〈◊〉 men The building of alexandria in Egipt alexanders an swers to Da rius letters The wyfe of darius dyeth The thirde letter of Darius to alexander alexanders answere The 〈◊〉 â—…counter betwene â—…us and alex ander Darius is put to flight The caâ—…e of Darius for the safegarde of his souldioures Here beginneth the Em â—…ptre of Mace done Darius is bound in setters of gold and woundâ—… to death to hys owne 〈◊〉 The woordeâ—… of Darius 〈◊〉 hys deathe Letters of Antipatâ—… regent of Macedone A rebeliyâ—… in grece The valiantnesse of 〈◊〉 agis Of this Alexander is men tion made in the end of the viii boke The foundati on of
the Sun with thynter pretatioÌ„ ther of Agathocles setteth hys ships on fyre A slaughter of the Caâ—…tha ginenses The cities oâ—… Aâ—…icke reuolte to Agathocles A slaughter of the Carthâ—… ginenses in Sicâ—… The kynge Cyrene Cyrene 〈◊〉 teth to Agathocles Another great slaugâ—… ter of the 〈◊〉 thaginienses The punyshment of Bomilcar The wordes of Bomilcar vppon the 〈◊〉 Agathoâ—…les returneth into Sicil and raisâ—…th the siege of Syracuse A mutiny Agathoâ—…es taketh a 〈◊〉 by 〈◊〉 â–ª Agathocles stealâ—…th froâ—… his 〈◊〉 Agathoclâ—…s sonns are 〈◊〉 to death Agathoclâ—… taketh 〈◊〉 wyth the Câ—… thaginenses Agathocles maketh war in Italy The manner of the educati on of the Lucanes The 〈◊〉 of the Bruâ—…ans The warâ—… of â—…he Brutâ—…ans Agathocleâ—… arriued in 〈◊〉 â–ª taly Agathocles falleth syckâ—… A fayâ—…hful and louynge wyfe A descriptyon of a lamentable departure The death 〈◊〉 Agathoâ—…s The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â—…uade 〈◊〉 He 〈◊〉 to the 〈◊〉 of Pyrrhus mentioned 〈◊〉 the. xviii boke Pyrrhus loâ—…eth the king dome of Sicill A notable example of the variablenesse of fortune Of the educa tion and preferment of Hiero. H 〈◊〉 lâ—…ft thâ—… xvi 〈◊〉 Antâ—…chus the sonne of 〈◊〉 and Anâ—…gonus the sonne of 〈◊〉 The Grekes rebeil agaynst themâ—…yre The Grekes are â—…ut to â—…ght by the â—…lian â—…heardes He pursueth the treachery and deceit of Ptolomy â—…eÌ„â—…oned in the xvi boke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ryeth hys owneâ—… 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Iudas 〈◊〉 The naturall affectyon of amother The 〈◊〉 crucity of Pâ—…o 〈◊〉 toward hys syster Murdâ—… 〈◊〉 peth not 〈◊〉 punâ—… Of the â—…ges of the 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 hardynesse of Ptolomy The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 The â—…ful 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 men inuade â—…gayne The malapâ—…r te scoffyng of Brennus The situatioÌ„ of the temple of Delphos The description of the place where the 〈◊〉 are geuen The â—…of Euridanus and 〈◊〉 salonus The Oracle before the 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 The frenche men assalte the citie of Delphos note the ilusi on of y ◠〈◊〉 The frenche men are put to the 〈◊〉 and oppressed wyth lyghtâ—… and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the 〈◊〉 â—… men 〈◊〉 of Grece and the vtter destrucryon of them Here foloweth the storye 〈◊〉 in the beginning of the laste booke The French men inuade Macedone the thyrdâ—… tyme. Antigonus po licy to 〈◊〉 himselfe and hys A slaughtâ—… of the french men The greate encreaseof the frenchmen and theyr redouted prow 〈◊〉 The original of the French grekes in Asia the lesse Loke the xxiii boke Pyrâ—…hus con quereth Maâ—… 〈◊〉 is 〈◊〉 again The doingeâ—… of Pyrrhus The 〈◊〉 raygne of â—…he tirant 〈◊〉 The prudent deuise of Helemat in suppressyng the Tyrant The poliâ—…yke celerity of An tigonus in suppressyng his enemyes The furious cruelty of the frenthmen towardes theyr owne wiues and children The 〈◊〉 slaughter of the 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 ful 〈◊〉 of fortune Read more of the stories of Epyre in the. xxviii booke A gas kyng of â—…yrene â—…uoutry re â—…enged 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 aâ—…d put to death The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The fortunaâ—…e mischaÌ„s of Seleucus 〈◊〉 is vanquished by 〈◊〉 kynge of Egypt The wicked and ambitious â—…urde of Antiochus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 brother 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vanquished by Emneâ—…s kinge of Bythiâ—…a Asia the 〈◊〉 mon prayâ—… 〈◊〉 kynges Antiochus is ouercome of Seâ—…cus 〈◊〉 is slayne by theues 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hys 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 history of â—… 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 â–ª 〈◊〉 He was the soune of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â—…pussed by 〈◊〉 The good an swer of the Aeâ—…yans to the ambassadoures of Rome The Aâ—…ly â–ª ans inuade Acarâ—… The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cay of the â—…loud royall in Epyre. The â—…aunce of God for 〈◊〉 murdâ—… The pollicy of Antigonus in retaynyng the kyngdom of Macedone Warre betwene the Spartanes and the Macedones The couragy ousnesse of 〈◊〉 kyng of the Lacedemonians The 〈◊〉 of Antigonus hauing gotâ—… the victory The sonne of Demetrius An alteratioÌ„ of kingdomes by the successi on of younge kynges The occasâ—…on of the wars betwene the Româ—…es and the Macedones Philip perswadeth the Grekes to peace and tranquilitye Philip 〈◊〉 defiancâ—… to the Romaines The Romaines and Phil â—…ip sollicit the Acâ—…olians th one agaynst the other The Darbanians inuade Macedone Phillip is â—…exed wyth the coÌ„plaints of his confederates Phillip tâ—…keth truse wyth the Ro maines See what the euyll ensample 〈◊〉 a prince dotâ—… â–ª God sendeâ—… fortune to fooles The 〈◊〉 and abheminable 〈◊〉 of Pâ—…olomy Phâ—… patâ—…r The death of Prolomy and the banyshment of hys strumpets The Româ—…nes are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Egypt Complaintâ—… 〈◊〉 aâ—…st Philâ—… aâ—… 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 made agayâ—… hym by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 An earthquake Phillip encourageth the Macedones a gainst the Romaines 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 Phillip 〈◊〉 â—… 〈◊〉 â–ª Antiochus inuadeth the Empyre of Egypt King of the Lacedemonians An ambassaâ—… sent into â—…fricke to surprise 〈◊〉 Hanniball prâ—…uenteth the deuyses of the Romaines Nabis is oâ—…ercome Nabis renuâ—…th the wars 〈◊〉 â–ª The 〈◊〉 of Philopemenes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with Antiochus He that â—…kens wyth out hys hoste muste 〈◊〉 twise Hannibals counsel to An tiochus agaynste the Romaines A messenger is sent to Carthage from â—…ball The 〈◊〉 ger is apprehended The messanger eskapeth and returneth to Hannibal An ambassad sente from Rome to Antiochus Flatterye Antiochus is displeased 〈◊〉 Haniball for kepyng compani with the Romaines The effect of the Romayne ambassade the answer of Antiochus Consultation concernyng the warres of the 〈◊〉 nes Hannibals adusye as coÌ„cernyng the maintenance of the wars with the Romaines The nature of 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 â–ª 〈◊〉 is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 flyghâ—… â–ª Hannibal is taken into 〈◊〉 uor again â–ª Hannibal being made admiral of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is 〈◊〉 by the Romaines â–ª Antiochus â—…esyreth peace The constaÌ„te and vncorupt minde of Affricanus towarde hys countrye Articles of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 A battel betwene 〈◊〉 and the 〈◊〉 The magnamâ—…ty of the Romainâ—…s The Aetolians are subdued by the Romaines The 〈◊〉 ou 〈◊〉 the â—…ans and thâ—… Achcaâ—…s â–ª The 〈◊〉 ble courage of Philopemenes aâ—…hys death The death of Antiochus The modesty of Dâ—…metrius wyth the frute therof â—…rtue proâ—…â—…nuy Whâ—…e 〈◊〉 a man 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 worse neyghboure 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 bringeth 〈◊〉 home The death of Philâ—…yp kyng of 〈◊〉 What natyons Perses procured to take his part agaynste the Romaines The punyshmente of Saâ—…ledge The original of the Istrians Cowardise punyshâ—…d with râ—…proch Warre betwene Prusias as and Eumenes The 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Haâ—…ibals â—…tageme The deathe of Hanniball The commen dation of HaÌ„niball The preparatâ—…on of the Ro mains and of Philip one against another The Eclipse of the moone The baliant nesse of M. Cato Perses flyeth and is taken prysonner with his chil dren The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the monarchy of 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 of the Romaâ—… nes agaynst the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â—…o 〈◊〉 beforâ—… 〈◊〉 net Corynthe
is beateÌ„ downe Antiochus maketh war vpon Ptolâ—…my king of Egypt An example of an vncorrupted minde and of greatâ—… seuerity The death of Anâ—…ochus Demetrius stealeth from Rome â–ª and obtaineth the kyngdome of Syria Prusias diggeth a pit for his sonne and falleth there in hym selfe An example of singuler in gratitude The hatred of dyuers kings against Demetrius The 〈◊〉 nes and 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 Dâ—…etrius the sonne of 〈◊〉 recouâ—…reth hys fathers kyngdome Demetrius maketh war against the Parthiâ—…ns Demetrius is takâ—…n prisoner kept like a kynge 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â–ª The 〈◊〉 of the 〈◊〉 The history of Iosâ—…phe in 〈◊〉 An 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Moses and of the goyng of the 〈◊〉 out of Egipt The â—…inge of the saâ—… day 〈◊〉 Of â—…growing only in 〈◊〉 The â—…tion of the countrye of Iericho 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â–ª Who fyrste subdued the Iewes The doyngs of Attalus kyng of Asia the lesse The soroweâ—…ul repentans of Attalus The deaâ—… of Aâ—…alus â–ª 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â–ª The 〈◊〉 of couâ—…ousnesse The Romaynes reward theyr partakers The vnnatural cruelty of a mother Not without deâ—…ert Mythridates the great and of hys byrth educatyon successe pearyls and aduentures A Comâ—… â–ª Mythridates subdueth the soâ—…thsayers The wife of Mythridates put teth hym in daunger of his lyfe â—…he 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 tes 〈◊〉 the winter 〈◊〉 He conquereth Paphâ—…gonia The Romain aâ—…bassae to Mythrodatâ—… and hys aunswer there vnto Th order taken by the senate Ariobarzanes is made kyng of Cap padocta Mithridatis recouereth Cappadacia 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 nations 〈◊〉 vp 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The oratyon of Mythridates to hys captains and men of warre He returneth to the storyes of Egipt The crueltye of Ptolomy Ptelomy is had in derisâ—… by the Romain ambassade The vnnatâ—… ral cruâ—…sse of Ptolomy towarde hys own children He returneth to the story of Demetrius taken pryson net by the Parthiens in the. xxxvi booke A faythfull freâ—…d An example of clemency in in a barbarus prince Demetrius is taken flying the 〈◊〉 tyme and brought 〈◊〉 agayâ—…e Antiochus 〈◊〉 deth an host a gaynste the Parthiens Antiochus 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is let go into Syria A 〈◊〉 conspiracy against 〈◊〉 The death of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is hated of his subâ—…ects for his pryde An 〈◊〉 is 〈◊〉 king agaynst 〈◊〉 The due reward of sacri ledge and vsurped autho ritye The desire of souerainty The 〈◊〉 an kyng is put to flyght The 〈◊〉 â—…warde oâ—… sacryledge and vsurpâ—…d authority The desire of Souerainty The death of the Quene The death of Ptolomy king of egipt An vnequall dealinge of a mother War betwene Gryphus and his brother 〈◊〉 A cruell syster â—…he â—…syon of Gryphâ—…s from that cruelty Gryphin sen deth to kyll her syster Cle oâ—…atra The death of Cleopatra Such mesure as she dyd mete is â—…ten to her The Quene of Egypt deposeth one of â—…er sonnes setteth vp an 〈◊〉 Lyfe is dearer then a â—…yngdome The death of the Quene of Egypâ—…e Alexander 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cyrene 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to the Romains The original Herotymus great number â—…f sonnes Tygranes is made kyng of Syria An 〈◊〉 earthquake 〈◊〉 oâ—… Tygranes maketh 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Syria is 〈◊〉 â—…e a prouynce of the 〈◊〉 of the PartheÌ„s with their encreasement and battels The situacioÌ„ of Parâ—…hia Theâ—…e of y â— coÌ„mon weale of Parthia Their language Their Apparell The order of their warres The briging vp of their bondmen â—…horder of their warres Their Armoure Their seueritie â—… keptng their wiues Their dyet Their continuall rydyng The differen ce betwene their gentlemen their slaues Their burial Their 〈◊〉 Their naturall disposicion Unâ—…er whoÌ„ the Parthians serued When the Parthians first rebelled Arsaces the first king of Parthia Arsaces refor meth the coÌ„mon weale of 〈◊〉 â–ª The buâ—…ding and situacion of the cytie Dâ—…a The 〈◊〉 of Arsaces The seconde Emperour of Parthia The thyrde Empeour Pampatius The fourth Emperour â–ª An example of loue towardes a mans countrey The fyfthe 〈◊〉 Eueraâ—…des king of â—…tria The valiant prowâ—…s of Eucratides An vnnaturall and abho minable mur ther. The conqueâ—…tes of Mythridates y â— â–ª iiii kynge of Parthia The. i. â—…peroure of Parthia of his doinges â–ª It is 〈◊〉 trustynge them to whom a maÌ„ hath dâ—… displeasure The sixthe Emperonr of Parthia The seuenth Emperour and of his doynges The original of the Armentans The situacioÌ„ of Armenie The viage for the golden 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Iason The original of the Albanâ—…s in Asâ—…a The great 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Thoriginal of the Armeniâ—… The head of the riuer Tygris He returneâ—…h to the storie of the 〈◊〉 The viii king of 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 of Horodes to wardes his brother The death of 〈◊〉 A 〈◊〉 of the 〈◊〉 Tâ—…e 〈◊〉 warres betwene 〈◊〉 and Pompâ—…y The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 A grâ—…at 〈◊〉 ter of the Paâ—… thians 〈◊〉 the kynges 〈◊〉 Horodes falleth besyde hym selfe for sorow The nynthe Emperor of Parthia 〈◊〉 is killed by hys sonne Phrohartes 〈◊〉 is deposed restored by y â— Scythians The tentâ—… Emperour of Parthia Phraharâ—…es sendes Embassadours to Rome The 〈◊〉 ans submitte them sâ—…lues to Augustus The first inhabiters of Italy The Iustice and equitie in the tyme of Saturne The 〈◊〉 of Saturnâ—… The 〈◊〉 The coÌ„ming of Euandâ—…r into Italy The â—…tynge of Lâ—…tinus The coÌ„ming of Eneas into Italy The building of 〈◊〉 The building of long Alba. The byrth of Romulus Remus w t their educacion Râ—…mus is 〈◊〉 keÌ„ brought to the kynge â–ª Romulus Remus mak a conspyracie against Numitor The building of Rome The buiding of 〈◊〉 A mariage The 〈◊〉 of the Ma 〈◊〉 A 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 applyed Treson against the Mas silians Women can kepe no coun sell. The fortunate successe of the Masâ—… The 〈◊〉 of Caramâ—…us A faythfull frend is tried in aduersytie The auncestours of â—…rogus PoÌ„ pcius Thauncient names of Spayne The situacioÌ„ of Spayne the fertilitie therof The platte bygnesse of Spayne The nature and disposition of the S paniardes A notable ex ample of constant pacieÌ„ce The doyngs and coÌ„menda cions of Uiriatus The swiftenes of the Spanish Ge nettes 〈◊〉 of the Gallecians in 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Inuentions of Gargoris That which God wyll haue saued can not be 〈◊〉 The doyngs of 〈◊〉 The Storyâ—… of Geryon Howe the Carthaginobteyned the 〈◊〉 â—…f Spayn The doyngs of the Cartha ginenses in Spayne How the Ro maynes conquered spaine