i_o can_v here_o forget_v to_o inform_v that_o of_o old_a our_o act_n of_o parl._n have_v oftentimes_o the_o king_n great_a seal_n append_v to_o they_o upon_o the_o right_a hand_n be_v append_v all_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o ecclesiastic_n and_o upon_o the_o left_a all_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o nobility_n with_o which_o the_o whole_a act_n be_v surround_v of_o these_o i_o have_v see_v many_o and_o particular_o a_o ratification_n grant_v by_o king_n james_n 4._o to_o hepburn_n earl_n of_o bothwel_n upon_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o ramsay_n anno_fw-la 1480._o which_o bear_v in_o quorum_fw-la omnium_fw-la fidem_fw-la ac_fw-la corroborationem_fw-la &_o laudationem_fw-la earundem_fw-la praefatus_fw-la supremus_fw-la dominus_fw-la noster_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la status_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la singulariter_fw-la requisiti_fw-la sua_fw-la sigilla_fw-la quorum_fw-la nomina_fw-la sigilla_fw-la representant_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la appendi_fw-la jusserunt_fw-la i_o conceive_v that_o seal_n may_v very_o well_o represent_v not_o only_o the_o bear_n itself_o but_o the_o colour_n which_o i_o first_o order_v to_o be_v practise_v for_o the_o seal_n may_v be_v vary_a in_o its_o cut_n as_o the_o other_o figure_n of_o this_o book_n be_v which_o may_v be_v very_o useful_a see_v many_o man_n arm_n differ_v only_o in_o the_o colour_n chap._n ii_o who_o can_v give_v or_o bear_v arm_n of_o old_a emperor_n or_o senate_n only_o give_v arm_n laz._n lib._n 9_o cap._n 17._o but_o thereafter_o they_o do_v choose_v a_o old_a expert_a warrior_n on_o who_o they_o bestow_v the_o power_n of_o reward_v with_o coat_n of_o arm_n such_o as_o have_v deserve_v well_o and_o these_o be_v call_v foeciale_n by_o the_o roman_n but_o now_o be_v call_v heraldi_n or_o herawldi_n for_o heer_n signify_v a_o army_n and_o alt_z a_o elder_a senes_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la or_o from_o here_o a_o army_n and_o alda_n which_o in_o the_o hungarian_a tongue_n signify_v a_o common_a servant_n hopping_n cap._n 6._o part_n 9_o the_o chief_a of_o that_o society_n be_v call_v lion_n king_n of_o or_o at_o arm_n with_o we_o rex_fw-la armorum_fw-la in_o latin_a which_o name_n he_o bear_v from_o the_o lion_n which_o be_v the_o royal_a charge_n with_o we_o and_o kon_v van_n wappen_v by_o the_o german_n ibid._n garter_n in_o england_n and_o montjoy_z st._n denis_n in_o france_n and_o his_o patent_n in_o scotland_n run_v thus_o carolus_n dei_fw-la gratia_fw-la etc._n etc._n tenoreque_fw-la praesentium_fw-la facimus_fw-la creamus_fw-la constituimus_fw-la &_o ordinamus_fw-la memoratum_fw-la carolum_fw-la aereskin_n leonem_fw-la &_o nostrum_fw-la foecialem_fw-la regem_fw-la armorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n dedimus_fw-la &_o imposuimus_fw-la tenoreque_fw-la praesentium_fw-la damus_fw-la &_o imponimus_fw-la ei_fw-la nomen_fw-la leonis_fw-la nostri_fw-la foecialis_n regis_fw-la armorum_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la stilo_fw-it titulo_fw-la etc._n etc._n ac_fw-la per_fw-la praesentes_fw-la ordinamus_fw-la eum_fw-la in_o dicto_fw-la officio_fw-la actualiter_fw-la investiri_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la praxin_fw-la coronari_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o similiter_fw-la munimus_fw-la pranominatum_fw-la caesar_n tanquam_fw-la leonem_fw-la regem_fw-la armorum_fw-la plenâ_fw-la potestate_fw-la libertate_fw-la licentiâ_fw-la &_o authoritate_fw-la personis_fw-la virtute_fw-la praeditis_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr nobis_fw-la benè_fw-la meritis_fw-la diplomata_fw-la armorum_fw-la secundum_fw-la ordinem_fw-la &_o constitutiones_fw-la eatenus_fw-la praescriptas_fw-la concedendi_fw-la but_o though_o this_o power_n be_v bestow_v upon_o herald_n yet_o prince_n have_v not_o so_o denude_v themselves_o of_o it_o but_o that_o they_o may_v and_o do_v ordinary_o grant_v coat_n of_o arm_n and_o thus_o when_o nobleman_n get_v their_o honour_n by_o patent_n with_o we_o there_o be_v either_o a_o command_n give_v therein_o to_o the_o lion_n king_n at_o arm_n to_o grant_v arm_n crest_n crown_n and_o supporter_n or_o else_o they_o be_v specify_v in_o the_o patent_n and_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o the_o heraldry_n of_o all_o nation_n and_o in_o use_n with_o we_o that_o no_o part_n of_o the_o royal_a bear_n can_v be_v bestow_v by_o the_o lion_n without_o a_o special_a order_n from_o the_o prince_n colomb_n cap._n des_fw-fr brisur_n pag._n 74._o and_o this_o may_v reprehend_v the_o error_n of_o some_o of_o our_o herald_n who_o have_v give_v the_o tressure-flori_a conter-flori_a to_o private_a person_n without_o a_o warrant_n the_o lion_n in_o scotland_n do_v former_o direct_v his_o patent_n thus_o to_o all_o and_o singular_a to_o who_o knowledge_n these_o present_n shall_v come_v james_n balfour_n of_o kinnaird_n knight_n lion_n king_n of_o arm_n through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o scotland_n and_o island_n thereto_o adjacent_a send_v his_o due_a commendation_n and_o greeting_n know_v you_o that_o sir_n james_n galloway_n knight_n master_n of_o request_n to_o our_o dread_a sovereign_n charles_n king_n of_o scotland_n england_n france_n and_o ireland_n defender_n of_o the_o faith_n etc._n etc._n one_o of_o his_o majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy_a council_n in_o this_o kingdom_n have_v request_v i_o by_o virtue_n of_o my_o office_n to_o give_v and_o assign_v unto_o this_o his_o ancient_a coat-armour_n be_v arg_fw-mi a_o lion_n rampant_a azure_a languid_a and_o arm_v gules_a a_o crest_n with_o escrol_n and_o motto_n which_o he_o may_v bear_v without_o wrong_n do_v to_o other_o to_o who_o reasonable_a request_n i_o have_v condescend_v and_o for_o crest_n do_v assign_v he_o to_o bear_v above_o his_o helmet_n upon_o a_o wreath_n arg_fw-mi and_o azure_a a_o mound_n bespread_v with_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n proper_a embrace_v betwixt_o two_o corn_n ear_n saltoir_fw-fr way_n or_o and_o above_o all_o in_o a_o escrol_n this_o motto_n high_a as_o here_o in_o the_o margin_n adject_v be_v to_o be_v see_v all_o which_o arm_n crest_n escrol_n and_o motto_n i_o the_o say_a lion_n king_n of_o arm_n do_v by_o these_o present_v ratify_v confirm_v give_v grant_v and_o assign_v unto_o the_o say_a sir_n james_n galloway_n knight_n and_o to_o his_o posterity_n for_o ever_o to_o use_v bear_v and_o show_v forth_o the_o famine_n in_o signet_n shield_n coat-armour_n ensign_n or_o otherwise_o at_o all_o time_n and_o in_o all_o place_n at_z his_o and_o their_o free_a liberty_n and_o pleasure_n in_o witness_v whereof_o i_o have_v to_o their_o present_n affix_v my_o hand_n and_o seal_v of_o office_n at_o holy-rood-house_n the_o nineteen_o day_n of_o december_n in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n charles_n and_o of_o our_o redemption_n 1631._o james_n balfour_n lyon_n the_o concession_n by_o the_o lion_n do_v now_o run_v thus_o to_o all_o and_o sundry_a who_o it_o effeir_n i_o sir_n charles_n areskine_n of_o cambo_n knight_n and_o baronet_n lion_n king_n of_o arm_n consider_v that_o by_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n as_o well_o of_o our_o dread_a sovereign_a lord_n charles_n the_o second_o by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o scotland_n england_n france_n and_o ireland_n defender_n of_o the_o faith_n as_o of_o his_o majesty_n royal_a predecessor_n especial_o by_o the_o twenty_o one_o act_n of_o the_o three_o session_n of_o this_o current_a parliament_n i_o be_o impower_v to_o visit_v the_o whole_a arm_n and_o bearing_n within_o this_o kingdom_n and_o to_o distinguish_v they_o and_o matriculate_v the_o same_o in_o my_o book_n and_o register_n and_o to_o give_v extract_v of_o all_o arm_n express_v the_o blazon_v thereof_o under_o my_o hand_n and_o seal_v of_o office_n and_o which_o register_n be_v by_o the_o forecited_n act_n ordain_v to_o be_v respect_v as_o the_o true_a and_o unrepealable_a rule_n of_o all_o arm_n and_o bearing_n in_o scotland_n to_o remain_v with_o the_o lion_n office_n as_o a_o public_a register_n of_o the_o kingdom_n therefore_o conform_v to_o the_o power_n give_v to_o i_o by_o his_o sacred_a majesty_n and_o according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o say_a act_n of_o parliament_n i_o testify_v and_o make_v know_v that_o the_o arm_n of_o old_a belong_v to_o the_o royal_a burgh_n of_o aberdeen_n and_o now_o confirm_v by_o i_o be_v matriculate_v in_o my_o say_a public_a rigister_n upon_o the_o day_n and_o date_n of_o their_o present_n and_o be_v thus_o blazon_v viz._n the_o say_v royal_a burgh_n of_o aberdeen_n give_v for_o ensign_n armorial_n gules_a three_o tower_n triple_a tower_a within_o a_o double_a tressure_n counterflowred_a argent_fw-fr support_v by_o two_o leopard_n proper_a the_o motto_n in_o a_o escrol_n above_o bon-accord_n the_o word_n bon-accord_n be_v give_v they_o by_o king_n robert_n bruce_n for_o kill_v all_o the_o english_a in_o one_o night_n in_o their_o town_n their_o word_n be_v that_o night_n bon-accord_n and_o upon_o the_o reverse_n of_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o say_v burgh_n be_v ensculpt_v in_o a_o field_n azure_a a_o temple_n argent_fw-fr saint_n michael_n stand_v in_o the_o porch_n miter_v and_o vest_v proper_a with_o his_o dexter_n hand_n lift_v up_o to_o heaven_n pray_v over_o three_o child_n in_o a_o boil_a cauldron_n
in_o blazon_v we_o only_o say_v with_o crown_n helmet_n and_o mantling_n befit_v his_o degree_n without_o express_v the_o colour_n but_o since_o mantlings_n represent_v only_o the_o covert_n of_o shield_n and_o must_v be_v represent_v all_o tear_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o shall_v with_o we_o represent_v the_o robe_n of_o our_o nobleman_n and_o of_o old_a with_o we_o our_o mantlings_n be_v of_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o coat_n line_v or_o double_v with_o the_o metal_n which_o be_v more_o proper_a than_o that_o we_o now_o use_v sometime_o the_o achievement_n stand_v within_o a_o pavilion_n as_o that_o of_o the_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o france_n this_o petra_n sancta_fw-la call_v tentorium_fw-la and_o be_v as_o he_o observe_v competent_a only_o to_o prince_n though_o all_o use_v they_o not_o but_o i_o admire_v why_o the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v not_o assume_v as_o well_o the_o pavilion_n as_o arm_n of_o france_n see_v that_o be_v one_o of_o the_o special_a honour_n of_o that_o kingdom_n but_o yet_o subject_n use_v mantlings_n in_o form_n of_o a_o pavilion_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o achievement_n of_o belchier_n of_o gilsborough_n represent_v by_o guilims_n pag._n 409._o and_o these_o pet._n sanct._n call_v chlamys_fw-la vmbella_n or_o palliolum_fw-la pag._n 642._o where_o he_o also_o inform_v we_o that_o the_o general_n of_o the_o pope_n army_n carry_v ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la his_o arm_n within_o a_o pavilion_n or_o tent._n chap._n xxviii_o of_o wreath_n above_o the_o helmet_n immediate_o do_v stand_v the_o wreath_n which_o the_o french_a call_n burlet_n and_o in_o our_o ancient_a scot_n heraldry_n it_o be_v call_v the_o roll_n or_o row_v because_o of_o its_o shape_n sometime_o the_o english_a and_o we_o in_o imitation_n of_o they_o do_v term_v it_o a_o torse_n à _fw-la torquendo_fw-la it_o be_v a_o cord_n of_o their_o mistress_n colour_n as_o favin_n relate_v pag._n 1._o cap._n 3._o fol._n 24._o and_o do_v hang_v and_o dangle_v to_o the_o very_a crupper_n of_o their_o horse_n the_o extremity_n be_v tassle_v and_o enrich_v the_o use_n of_o it_o be_v to_o fasten_v their_o mantlings_n to_o their_o helmet_n now_o these_o wreath_n shall_v be_v of_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o field_n and_o charge_v and_o the_o rule_n be_v that_o the_o first_o shall_v be_v that_o of_o the_o field_n and_o then_o that_o of_o the_o immediate_a charge_n and_o after_o that_o the_o next_o mediate_v and_o so_o forth_o if_o there_o be_v more_o charge_n than_o one_o yet_o some_o old_a wreath_n with_o we_o differ_v from_o these_o and_o possible_o these_o have_v be_v at_o first_o mistress_n colour_n though_o the_o earl_n marshal_v bear_v arg_fw-mi on_o a_o chief_a or_o three_o pale_n gules_a yet_o his_o wreath_n be_v or_o and_o gules_a whereas_o it_o shall_v have_v be_v arg._n or_o and_o gules_a the_o earl_n of_o nithisdale_n arg_fw-mi a_o double_a eagle_n sable_a member_v gules_a yet_o his_o wreath_n arg_fw-mi and_o sable_a yet_o this_o may_v be_v ascribe_v as_o a_o error_n of_o the_o painter_n but_o it_o shall_v be_v reform_v when_o more_o coat_n be_v quarter_v the_o colour_n of_o the_o paternal_a coat_n be_v only_o to_o be_v twist_v in_o the_o wreath_n and_o this_o rule_n be_v observe_v in_o all_o our_o achievement_n two_o or_o three_o except_v which_o may_v be_v reform_v without_o name_v the_o bearer_n if_o the_o field_n be_v charge_v with_o a_o fur_n and_o colour_n than_o some_o make_v the_o wreath_n to_o be_v of_o that_o same_o fur_n and_o colour_n thus_o the_o earl_n of_o lowâ—on_n bear_v gyronâ—e_v of_o 8_o piece_n ermine_n and_o gules_a and_o his_o wreath_n be_v ermine_n and_o gules_a but_o i_o think_v that_o the_o wreath_n shall_v never_o consist_v of_o any_o fur_n for_o fur_n be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v twist_v in_o a_o wreath_n nor_o to_o bind_v the_o helmet_n which_o be_v the_o use_n of_o a_o wreath_n nor_o do_v i_o ever_o see_v any_o such_o wreath_n in_o approven_v author_n and_o we_o say_v constant_o on_o a_o wreath_n of_o his_o colour_n but_o never_o of_o his_o fur_n so_o that_o these_o who_o carry_v only_a fur_n in_o their_o shield_n shall_v carry_v a_o wreath_n of_o these_o colour_n as_o if_o ermine_n then_o white_a and_o black_a etc._n etc._n chap._n xxix_o of_o crest_n the_o ancient_n do_v wear_v the_o shape_n of_o several_a creature_n or_o some_o such_o thing_n above_o their_o helmet_n call_v crista_n to_o make_v they_o appear_v terrible_a virg._n lib._n 8._o aen._n terribilem_fw-la cristis_fw-la galeam_fw-la flamasque_fw-la vomentem_fw-la or_o to_o distinguish_v they_o in_o battle_n sed_fw-la cum_fw-la centuriones_fw-la galeas_n haberent_fw-la ferreas_fw-la transversis_fw-la tamen_fw-la &_o argentatis_fw-la eristis_fw-la quo_fw-la facilius_fw-la agnoscerentur_fw-la à _fw-la suis_fw-la veget._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 16._o or_o to_o adorn_v their_o helmet_n stat._n lib._n 2._o interdum_fw-la cristas_fw-la hilaris_fw-la jactare_fw-la comantes_fw-la that_o these_o be_v juris_fw-la gentium_fw-la in_o use_n among_o and_o approven_v by_o all_o nation_n be_v clear_a from_o limn_v lib._n cap._n 6_o numb_a 74._o and_o now_o all_o such_o as_o be_v allow_v to_o wear_v helmet_n be_v allow_v to_o adorn_v they_o with_o crest_n and_o for_o crest_n man_n choose_v what_o they_o fancy_v only_o it_o be_v not_o proper_a to_o choose_v such_o thing_n as_o can_v not_o stand_v or_o be_v carry_v by_o warrior_n upon_o their_o helmet_n such_o as_o balance_n or_o such_o other_o thing_n which_o can_v either_o stand_v fix_v or_o wave_n with_o beauty_n the_o french_a call_v the_o crest_n cimier_n because_o it_o stand_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o shield_n sur_fw-fr la_fw-fr cime_fw-la de_fw-fr l'escu_n but_o the_o old_a and_o proper_a term_n use_v in_o scotland_n for_o a_o crest_n be_v a_o badge_n because_o our_o nobleman_n in_o ride_a parliament_n and_o at_o other_o solemnity_n do_v bear_v their_o crest_n wrought_v out_o in_o a_o plate_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n upon_o their_o lackey_n coat_n which_o be_v of_o velvet_n and_o now_o the_o crest_n be_v use_v upon_o all_o seal_n and_o plate_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o nobleman_n among_o we_o to_o carry_v differ_v crest_n from_o the_o chief_a family_n out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v descend_v it_o be_v ordinar_n to_o bear_v for_o a_o crest_n a_o part_n of_o what_o be_v bear_v in_o the_o charge_n thus_o the_o crest_n of_o scotland_n be_v a_o lion_n the_o crest_n of_o england_n be_v a_o leopard_n the_o crest_n of_o france_n a_o double_a flower_n de_fw-fr lis_fw-fr and_o with_o we_o the_o earl_n of_o dumfermling_n carry_v a_o crescent_a and_o the_o earl_n of_o lothian_n a_o sun_n in_o his_o glory_n sometime_o also_o the_o crest_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o supporter_n thus_o the_o earl_n of_o linlithgow_n carry_v for_o his_o crest_n a_o demy-savage_a proper_a hold_v a_o batton_n in_o hand_n dexter_a and_o his_o supporter_n be_v two_o savage_n with_o batton_n the_o earl_n of_o weems_n carry_v for_o his_o crest_n a_o swan_n proper_a and_o his_o supporter_n be_v two_o swan_n sometime_o also_o the_o crest_n be_v bestow_v by_o the_o prince_n as_o a_o reward_n of_o service_n do_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o royal_a crest_n can_v be_v bear_v without_o special_a warrant_n and_o thus_o the_o earl_n of_o lauderdale_n bear_v the_o crest_n of_o scotland_n for_o his_o crest_n have_v a_o flower_n de-lis_a in_o place_n of_o the_o sceptre_n sometime_o it_o be_v relative_a to_o alliance_n and_o thus_o the_o earl_n of_o kinghorn_n bear_v for_o his_o crest_n a_o lady_n to_o the_o west_n hold_v in_o her_o right_a hand_n the_o royal_a thistle_n and_o enclose_v within_o a_o circle_n of_o laurel_n in_o memory_n of_o the_o honour_n that_o family_n have_v in_o marry_v king_n robert_n the_o second_o be_v daughter_n sometime_o it_o represent_v some_o valiant_a act_n do_v by_o the_o bearer_n thus_o m_n cclelland_n of_o bombie_n do_v and_o now_o the_o lord_n kirkcudbright_n do_v bear_v a_o naked_a arm_n support_v on_o the_o point_n of_o a_o sword_n a_o moor_n head_n because_o bombie_n be_v forfeit_v his_o son_n kill_v a_o more_o who_o come_v in_o with_o some_o saracen_n to_o infest_v galloway_n to_o the_o killer_n of_o who_o the_o king_n have_v promise_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o bombie_n and_o thereupon_o he_o be_v restore_v to_o his_o father_n land_n as_o his_o evident_n yet_o testify_v sometime_o it_o respect_v the_o title_n of_o the_o bearer_n thus_o the_o lord_n ross_n of_o halkhead_n bear_v for_o his_o crest_n a_o falcon_n head_n erase_v sometime_o it_o relate_v to_o a_o office_n or_o employment_n thus_o the_o lord_n johnstoun_n be_v warden_n of_o the_o march_n and_o very_o famous_a for_o repress_v robbery_n take_v for_o his_o crest_n a_o spurr_n with_o wing_n sometime_o it_o be_v à _fw-la rebus_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v something_a borrow_a from_o
choose_v not_o for_o its_o nature_n but_o for_o its_o aptness_n to_o express_v this_o effect_n of_o courage_n the_o ordinary_a and_o common_a ensign_n wear_v by_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o order_n be_v a_o green_a ribbon_n whereat_o hang_v a_o thistle_n of_o gold_n crown_v with_o a_o imperial_a crown_n within_o a_o circle_n also_o of_o gold_n bear_v the_o foresay_a motto_n nemo_fw-la i_o impunè_fw-la lacesset_fw-la likeways_o upon_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n andrew_n yearly_a be_v the_o 30_o day_n of_o noeumber_n when_o the_o knight_n meet_v solemn_o in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o the_o town_n of_o st._n andrews_n for_o celebrate_v the_o feast_n they_o be_v during_o the_o solemnity_n rich_o apparel_v and_o wear_v their_o parliament_n robe_n have_v fix_v on_o their_o left_a shoulder_n a_o azure_a rundle_n on_o which_o be_v embroider_v st._n andrews_n cross_n argent_fw-fr environ_v in_o the_o centre_n with_o a_o crown_n beautify_v with_o flower_n de_fw-fr lis_fw-fr or._n the_o blazon_n of_o the_o achievement_n of_o his_o majesty_n of_o great_a britain_n the_o most_o high_a and_o mighty_a monarch_n charles_n the_o ii_o by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n france_n and_o ireland_n defender_n of_o the_o faith_n etc._n etc._n for_o his_o majesty_n be_v achievement_n and_o sovereign_a ensign_n armorial_n bear_v these_o royal_a coat_n quarterly_o quarter_v viz._n first_o or_o a_o lion_n rampant_a within_o a_o double_a tressure_n counter-flowerdelised_n gules_a arm_a and_o languid_a azure_n as_o the_o royal_a arm_n of_o scotland_n second_o quarter_v first_o and_o last_o azure_n three_o flower_n de_fw-fr lis_fw-fr or_o as_o the_o royal_a arm_n of_o france_n second_o and_o three_o gules_a three_o lion_n passant_a guardant_n in_o pale_a or_o for_o the_o royal_a ensign_n of_o england_n three_o azure_a a_o irish_a harp_n or_o string_v argent_a for_o the_o ensign_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v kingdom_n of_o ireland_n four_o and_o last_o in_o all_o point_n as_o the_o first_o all_o within_o the_o order_n of_o st._n andrew_n and_o of_o the_o garter_n above_o the_o same_o a_o helmet_n answerable_a to_o his_o majesty_n sovereign_a jurisdiction_n and_o thereon_o a_o mantle_n of_o cloth_n of_o gold_n double_v ermine_n adorn_v with_o a_o imperial_a crown_n surmount_v on_o the_o top_n for_o his_o majesty_n crest_n of_o a_o lion_n sejant_n full_o face_v gules_a crown_v or_o hold_v in_o his_o dexter_a paw_n a_o naked_a sword_n and_o in_o the_o sinister_a a_o sceptre_n both_o erect_v support_v on_o the_o dexter_a by_o a_o unicorn_n argent_fw-fr crown_v with_o a_o imperial_a and_o gorge_v with_o a_o open_a crown_n to_o this_o a_o gold_n chain_n affix_v pass_v betwixt_o his_o fore_a leg_n and_o reflex_v over_o his_o back_n and_o on_o the_o sinister_a by_o a_o lion_n rampant_a guardant_n or_o crowned_z also_o with_o a_o imperial_a crown_n as_o the_o other_o the_o first_o embrace_v and_o bear_v up_o a_o banner_n azure_a charge_v with_o a_o s_o t._n andrews_n cross_n argent_fw-fr and_o the_o last_o another_o banner_n argent_fw-fr charge_v with_o a_o plain_a cross_n call_v of_o st._n george_n gules_a both_o stand_a on_o a_o rich_a compartment_n from_o the_o middle_n whereof_o issue_n a_o thistle_n and_o rose_n as_o the_o two_o royal_a badge_n of_o scotland_n and_o england_n and_o for_o his_o majesty_n royal_a motto_n in_o a_o escrol_n above_o all_o in_o defence_n for_o scotland_n and_o in_o the_o table_n of_o the_o compartment_n dieu_fw-fr et_fw-fr mon_fw-fr droit_n for_o england_n france_n and_o ireland_n the_o royal_a badge_n be_v a_o thistle_n of_o gold_n crown_v for_o scotland_n a_o rose_n gules_a for_o england_n a_o flower_n de_fw-fr lis_fw-fr or_o for_o france_n a_o harp_n or_o string_a argent_a for_o ireland_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v badge_n peculiar_a to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n and_o england_n represent_v on_o the_o banner_n in_o the_o royal_a achievement_n and_o advance_v in_o his_o majesty_n standard_n by_o land_n and_o sea_n viz._n azure_a a_o cross_n of_o st._n andrew_n argent_fw-fr for_o scotland_n st._n andrew_n be_v patron_n thereof_o argent_fw-fr a_o cross_n of_o st._n george_n or_o plain_a cross_n gules_a for_o england_n st._n george_n be_v patron_n thereof_o thus_o have_v i_o for_o the_o honour_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o my_o country_n interrupt_v so_o far_o the_o course_n of_o my_o ordinary_a study_n at_o spare_a hour_n nor_o be_v this_o book_n only_o necessary_a for_o they_o but_o for_o all_o such_o as_o love_v this_o science_n since_o the_o theory_n of_o our_o civilian_n be_v not_o hitherto_o sufficient_o illuminate_v by_o the_o knowledge_n of_o blazon_v nor_o the_o practical_a and_o common_a knowledge_n of_o blazon_v right_o found_v upon_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o law_n of_o nation_n our_o ordinary_a practician_n in_o this_o art_n have_v be_v such_o as_o cite_v the_o civil_a law_n without_o understand_v it_o and_o as_o it_o be_v much_o noble_a to_o raise_v a_o science_n than_o to_o be_v raise_v by_o it_o so_o have_v write_v this_o book_n as_o a_o gentleman_n i_o design_v as_o little_a praise_n or_o thanks_o as_o i_o will_v disdain_v all_o other_o reward_n finis_fw-la a_o alphabetical_a table_n of_o the_o surname_n of_o these_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n who_o achievement_n or_o any_o part_n of_o the_o same_o be_v make_v pattern_n of_o bearing_n in_o this_o science_n of_o heraldry_n a_o aberbuthnet_n page_n 52._o earl_n of_o abercorn_n vide_fw-la hamilton_n aberdeen_n town_n 9_o 65._o abernethy_n 80_o 81._o addair_n 28._o agnew_n 54._o aikenhead_n 63._o aikman_n 53._o ainsly_n 45._o airth_n 31._o aiton_n 44_o 64._o alexander_n 29_o 97._o alison_n 29._o allan_n 28._o andrada_n in_o spain_n 41._o anstruther_n 29_o 91._o areskine_n 32_o 75_o 81_o 84_o 85_o 91_o 94_o 97._o arran_n 67._o atchison_n 58._o auchinleck_n 34_o 46_o 74._o auchmoutie_a 36._o b_o badzenoch_n 55._o bailzie_n 52_o 97._o bain_n 54_o 64._o baird_n 56._o balfour_n ibid._n balliol_n 17_o 49._o balnewis_n 28._o bannatine_n alias_o ballanden_n 38_o 44_o 57_o barrie_n 58._o bell_n 68_o bennet_n 45._o beton_n 49._o betson_n 46._o bickerton_n 58._o binning_n 35_o 52._o birnie_n 54._o bisset_n 35._o blackhall_n 54_o 59_o blackstock_n 63._o blair_n 50._o bonyman_n 54._o borthwick_n 95._o braig_n 65._o branch_n 38._o brand_n 36._o lord_n brechin_n of_o old_a vide_fw-la wishart_n brown_a 39_o 52_o 63._o brownhill_n 51._o bruce_n 2_o 3_o 29_o 47_o 74_o 83_o 84_o 94._o brymer_n 60._o buchanan_n 42._o buckleuch_n vide_fw-la scot._n bunten_n 59_o burnet_n 3_o 31_o 96._o butter_n 44._o c_o cairn_n 59_o caithnes_n 66_o 84._o calder_n 57_o calderwood_n 63._o callendar_n 49_o 64._o campbel_n 29_o 41_o 74_o 89._o cant_n 36._o carmichael_n 34._o carnagy_n 33_o 52_o 58._o carron_n 31._o carruthers_n 39_o carse_n 46._o cartwright_n 53._o cathcairt_n 52._o cay_n or_o kay_fw-mi 36._o chamber_n 55._o charter_n 33._o cheap_a 64._o chein_n 45._o cheislie_n 39_o clayhills_n 57_o clealand_n 57_o cochran_n 39_o cockburn_n 59_o colquhoun_n 46._o colvill_n ibid._n corbet_n 60._o cornwall_n ibid._n corsby_n 44._o cowper_n 39_o crab_n 62._o craigdallie_n 60._o craik_n 66._o cranston_n 59_o 91._o craw_n 60._o crawfurd_n 74._o crawmond_n 60._o crichton_n 55._o cumming_n 64._o cuninghame_n 33_o 96_o 97._o currie_n 47._o cuthbert_n 65._o d_o dalgleish_n 63._o dalmahoy_n 31._o dalrymple_n 46._o dalzel_n 53._o dawson_n 45._o delaluna_fw-la in_o england_n 52._o dempster_n 36_o 65._o denham_n 88_o dewar_n 31._o dickson_n ibid._n die_v 52._o dischington_n 35._o dowglas_n 2_o 81_o 83_o 95._o drummond_n 28_o 29_o 34_o 95_o 97._o duiguid_a 45._o dumbar_n 3_o 42_o 95._o earl_n of_o dumfermling_n vide_fw-la seaton_n don_a 67._o dundas_n 3_o 55_o 95_o 96._o dundie_n town_n 63._o dunlop_n 58._o durham_n 52._o e_o eccles_n 66._o edgar_z 55._o edington_n 53._o edmiston_n 52._o eglington_n 50_o 84._o earl_n of_o elgin_n vide_fw-la bruce_n elleis_n 66._o elliot_n 36._o elphingston_n 38_o 74_o 88_o esplin_n 33._o f_o falconer_n 59_o fenton_z 35._o fenwick_n 60._o fin_fw-fr 59_o findlay_n 65._o fisher_n 61._o fishing-company_n royal_a ibid._n fleeming_n 42._o fletcher_n 45._o fockhart_n 38._o forbes_n 56_o 74._o forman_n 61._o forest_n 62._o forester_n 3_o 57_o 97._o forsyth_n 59_o fotheringham_n 34_o 94._o fountain_n 49._o fowlis_n 63._o fraser_n 64_o 68_o fullerton_n 56._o fythie_n 59_o g_o galley_n 67._o galloway_n 8._o earl_n of_o galloway_n vide_fw-la stewart_n lord_n garrioch_n 68_o garvie_n 61._o ged_a ibid._n geddes_n ibid._n gibson_n 68_o gifford_n 3_o gilchry_v 51._o gladstain_v 53._o gleg_n 55._o glen_n 84._o earl_n of_o glencairn_n vide_fw-la cuninghame_n glendinning_n 44._o gordon_n 56_o 83._o gorran_n 47._o graham_n 29_o 31_o 82_o 83_o grant_n 68_o grace_n 41._o grierson_n 67._o guthrie_n 44_o 55._o h_o hacket_n 29._o halyburton_n 35_o 36_o 94._o hamilton_n 62_o 64_o 72_o 82_o 95._o hardy_a 54._o hay_n 17_o 49_o 85._o heart_n 54._o hepburn_n
arm_n for_o be_v stranger_n the_o people_n among_o who_o they_o come_v not_o know_v their_o arm_n give_v they_o name_n from_o their_o symbol_n or_o arm_n they_o do_v bear_v thus_o the_o fowllis_n be_v call_v from_o the_o leave_v they_o carry_v monsieur_n des_fw-mi feules_n and_o the_o herrises_n or_o herrisons_n with_o we_o get_v their_o name_n from_o the_o porcupine_n or_o herrison_n in_o french_a which_o be_v their_o arm_n as_o brother_n of_o the_o house_n of_o vendosm_n and_o historian_n observe_v that_o the_o french_a be_v call_v galli_n ex_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la gallos_fw-la in_o conis_fw-la galeae_fw-la seu_fw-la pro_fw-la cristis_fw-la gerebant_fw-la and_o therefore_o limneus_n cap._n 6._o num_fw-la 1._o conclude_v that_o omnia_fw-la arma_fw-la quae_fw-la cantant_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la insignia_fw-la illiberalia_fw-la sive_fw-la vilium_fw-la hominum_fw-la arm_n be_v ordinary_o assume_v by_o kingdom_n and_o town_n either_o to_o represent_v what_o they_o glory_v most_o in_o thus_o the_o kingdom_n of_o granada_n take_v a_o pome-granate_a thus_o the_o earl_n of_o buchan_n take_v three_o garb_n or_o sheaf_n of_o corn_n because_o buchan_n be_v more_o fertile_a in_o corn_n than_o other_o place_n of_o scotland_n which_o though_o very_o fertile_a now_o in_o grain_n yet_o be_v then_o full_a of_o wood_n or_o else_o kingdom_n and_o town_n take_v something_o which_o resemble_v the_o situation_n of_o their_o country_n thus_o holland_n take_v a_o lion_n and_o paris_n a_o ship_n because_o the_o ground_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v build_v represent_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o ship_n and_o ordinary_o with_o we_o town_n take_v for_o their_o arm_n the_o most_o remarkable_a thing_n belong_v to_o their_o town_n as_o edinburgh_n and_o dumbarton_n their_o castle_n or_o else_o the_o saint_n which_o be_v their_o patron_n as_o pittinweem_n st._n adrian_n and_o tayn_n st._n duthacus_fw-la or_o else_o the_o badge_n of_o that_o saint_n as_o st._n johnstoun_n the_o holy_a lamb_n which_o be_v the_o badge_n of_o st._n john_n and_o dundee_n the_o pot_n and_o the_o lily_n which_o be_v the_o badge_n of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n which_o invention_n be_v borrow_v from_o the_o ancient_n for_o we_o find_v that_o diana_n be_v represent_v upon_o the_o coin_n of_o massilium_fw-la now_o marsel_n because_o that_o city_n be_v found_v by_o phocea_n alexandria_n napoli_n now_o naples_n and_o other_o town_n build_v by_o the_o roman_n have_v in_o memory_n of_o romulus_n and_o remus_n a_o wolf_n suck_v two_o young_a one_o upon_o the_o reverse_n of_o their_o coin_n in_o imitation_n of_o which_o custom_n i_o find_v that_o not_o only_o the_o roman_a medal_n do_v thereafter_o bear_v reverse_n but_o some_o of_o even_o our_o town_n do_v bear_v they_o till_o now_o thus_o aberdeen_n give_v their_o for_o arm_n three_o tower_n triple_a tower_a and_o for_o their_o reverse_n st._n michael_n stand_v in_o the_o porch_n of_o a_o church_n i_o have_v see_v the_o book_n of_o arm_n of_o most_o nation_n and_o i_o have_v in_o general_n observe_v that_o every_o nation_n have_v show_v their_o humour_n as_o much_o in_o heraldry_n as_o in_o their_o other_o character_n for_o the_o arm_n of_o almost_o all_o the_o family_n in_o spain_n be_v give_v to_o signify_v some_o undertake_n for_o the_o christian_a religion_n against_o its_o enemy_n the_o moor_n turk_n or_o other_o heretic_n and_o their_o shield_n of_o late_o be_v fill_v with_o ave_fw-la maria_n i._o h._n s._n and_o such_o other_o devote_v character_n the_o arm_n of_o the_o italian_n be_v ordinary_o emblem_n and_o witty_a hieroglyphic_n the_o german_a achievement_n consist_v of_o multitude_n of_o coat_n marshal_v in_o one_o to_o gratify_v the_o humour_n of_o their_o country_n who_o be_v vain_a of_o nothing_o so_o much_o as_o of_o their_o pedigree_n those_o of_o poland_n and_o denmark_n be_v as_o wild_a and_o monstrous_a as_o the_o people_n be_v who_o bear_v they_o but_o the_o french_a who_o be_v great_a artist_n wherever_o they_o study_v do_v suffer_v their_o natural_a volagenesse_n to_o be_v consign_v and_o fix_v by_o rule_n of_o art_n and_o the_o scot_n to_o express_v their_o friendship_n to_o the_o french_a have_v of_o old_a imitate_v they_o in_o their_o heraldry_n asmuch_o as_o we_o do_v the_o english_a since_o we_o be_v happy_o unite_v with_o they_o under_o one_o monarchy_n the_o turk_n take_v oftentimes_o letter_n of_o the_o alphabet_n as_o a_o cognizance_n because_o their_o religion_n discharge_v they_o to_o use_v image_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o spaniard_n use_v oftentimes_o letter_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o turkish_a moor_n their_o neighbour_n or_o else_o these_o have_v be_v leave_v with_o they_o since_o the_o moor_n possess_v their_o country_n of_o seal_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n testament_n and_o all_o writ_n of_o importance_n be_v to_o be_v seal_v and_o by_o our_o law_n quilibet_fw-la baro_fw-la vel_fw-la alius_fw-la tenens_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la habere_fw-la debet_fw-la sigillum_fw-la proprium_fw-la ad_fw-la serviendum_fw-la regi_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la tenetur_fw-la stat._n rob._n 3._o cap._n 7._o num_fw-la 5._o and_o by_o the_o 130._o act._n 9_o parl._n i._n 1._o every_o freeholder_n shall_v compear_v at_o the_o head-court_n with_o their_o seal_n and_o if_o he_o can_v come_v he_o shall_v send_v his_o attorney_n with_o the_o seal_n of_o his_o arm_n and_o these_o who_o want_v such_o seal_n be_v to_o be_v amerciat_a by_o the_o foresay_a statute_n rob._n 3._o and_o therefore_o till_o of_o late_a every_o gentleman_n send_v his_o seal_n to_o the_o clerk_n in_o lead_n which_o the_o clerk_n keep_v by_o he_o many_o of_o which_o be_v yet_o in_o their_o hand_n example_n whereof_o i_o have_v set_v down_o chap._n supporter_n fig._n 5._o &_o 6._o of_o old_a the_o append_v of_o the_o seal_n be_v sufficient_a in_o charter_n without_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o party_n reg._n maj._n lib._n 3._o cap._n 6._o si_fw-mi recognoscit_fw-la sigillum_fw-la suum_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la debet_fw-la illum_fw-la warrantizare_fw-la suae_fw-la autem_fw-la malae_fw-la custodiae_fw-la imputetur_fw-la si_fw-la damnum_fw-la inde_fw-la incurrat_fw-la per_fw-la sigillum_fw-la suum_fw-la ex_fw-la insolentia_fw-la aut_fw-la negligentia_fw-la custodum_fw-la whether_o the_o seal_v affix_v be_v the_o granter_n seal_v that_o then_o the_o truth_n shall_v be_v search_v for_o by_o compare_v many_o sealing_n together_o per_fw-la comparationem_fw-la plurium_fw-la sigillorum_fw-la &_o alius_fw-la chartas_fw-la eodem_fw-la sigillo_fw-la signatas_fw-la it_o be_v lawful_a among_o the_o roman_n for_o such_o as_o want_v seal_n to_o append_v the_o seal_n of_o other_o §_o possunt_fw-la inst._n de_fw-fr test_n and_o this_o be_v very_o ordinar_n with_o we_o but_o then_o the_o nottar_n behoove_v to_o express_v that_o this_o be_v so_o do_v thus_o i_o have_v see_v a_o charter_n grant_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o isle_n to_o the_o abbacy_n of_o aberbrothock_n which_o say_v et_fw-la 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four_o or_o a_o lumfad_n her_o oar_n erect_v in_o saltire_n sable_a old_a argent_fw-fr a_o lumfad_n with_o her_o oar_n in_o action_n sable_a now_o quarter_v in_o the_o achievement_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o argyle_n and_o glenurqhie_n argent_fw-fr a_o ark_n in_o the_o water_n proper_a surmount_v of_o a_o dove_n azure_n bear_v in_o her_o beck_n a_o olive-branch_n vert_fw-fr gallie_n of_o utensil_n crown_n and_o other_o use_v in_o armoury_n i._o coldoun_n argent_fw-fr a_o saltire_n sable_n on_o a_o chief_a of_o the_o second_o three_o cusheon_n or._n argent_fw-fr a_o saint_n andrews_n cross_n and_o chief_a azure_n the_o second_o charge_v with_o three_o cusheon_n or._n argent_fw-fr a_o mollet_n or_o rather_o a_o spur-revel_a gules_a on_o a_o chief_a sable_a a_o cushion_n or._n or_o three_o cusheon_n gules_a each_o charge_v with_o a_o crescent_a argent_fw-fr or_o three_o cusheon_n within_o a_o double_a tressure_n counteflour_v gules_a ii_o or_o a_o cheveron_n betwixt_o three_o purse_n gules_a some_o give_v the_o cheveron_n checkiâ—_n azure_n and_o argent_a other_o give_v a_o fess_v checkie_a iii_o gules_a on_o a_o fess_v or_o a_o mollet_n azure_n betwixt_o three_o quadrangular_a lock_n argent_a lag_a gules_a a_o sword_n in_o pale_a proper_a hilted_a and_o pomel_v or_o betwixt_o three_o padlock_n argent_a taarâ—â—e_n iv._o lee._n azure_a a_o fetterlock_n argent_fw-fr on_o a_o chief_a of_o the_o second_o three_o sanglier_fw-it head_n as_o the_o first_o but_o other_o give_v it_o argent_fw-fr a_o man_n heart_n proper_a within_o a_o fetter-lock_a sable_a on_o a_o chief_a azure_n three_o boar_n head_n erase_v of_o the_o first_o and_o there_o be_v late_o some_o other_o alteration_n make_v in_o this_o coat_n bar._n argent_fw-fr on_o a_o bend_v sable_a three-fetterlocks_a or._n v._o paintland_n gules_a three_o key_n barrwaye_n or_n or_o as_o the_o english_a blazon_n fessewaye_n in_o pale_a the_o same_o within_o a_o bordur_n verry_n vi_o ross._n or_o a_o cheveron_n checkie_a sable_a and_o argent_a betwixt_o three_o water_n budget_n of_o the_o second_o quarter_v with_o the_o coat_n of_o melvil_n azure_a three_o water_n budget_n or_n quarter_v in_o the_o second_o place_n in_o the_o achievement_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o drumfreis_n vallange_n auchlossin_n or_o a_o bear_v head_n coup_v gules_a betwixt_o three_o water_n budget_n sable_a the_o same_o within_o a_o bordur_n vii_o azure_a three_o cover_a cup_n or_o 2._o and_o 1._o sornbeg_n azure_a three_o mollet_n in_o fess_v betwixt_o alse_a many_o cover_a cup_n argent_a gules_a two_o cup_n cover_v or_o and_o in_o the_o middle_n chief_a a_o star_n argent_fw-fr grimet_fw-la maxweltoun_n sable_a a_o cup_n argent_fw-fr with_o a_o garland_n betwixt_o two_o lawrel-branche_n all_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o same_o vert._n viii_o sable_a a_o catharine-wheel_n argent_fw-fr quarter_v in_o the_o achievement_n of_o sir_n james_n turner_n with_o argent_a turner_n three_o gut_n de_fw-fr sang_fw-fr proper_a ix_o kyle_n azure_a there_o bell_n or._n azure_a a_o fesse_v betwixt_o three_o bell_n or._n x._o or_o three_o candlestick_n sable_a 2._o and_o 1._o xi_o orrock_n argent_fw-fr a_o cheveron_n gules_a betwixt_o three_o chess_a rook_n sable_a but_o now_o he_o give_v sable_a on_o a_o cheveron_n or_o betwixt_o three_o mollet_n argent_a alse_a many_o chess_a rook_n of_o the_o field_n methven_n azure_a a_o burn_a cup_n betwixt_o two_o chess_a rook_n in_o fess_v or._n xii_o old_a gules_a three_o antique_a crown_n or._n gules_a a_o boar_n head_n coup_v betwixt_o three_o antique_a crown_n or._n with_o his_o paternal_a coat_n by_o the_o name_n of_o fraser_n give_v second_o and_o three_o argent_a three_o antique_a or_o open_a crown_n gules_a or_o a_o fesse_v chekie_a azure_n and_o argent_a betwixt_o three_o open_a crown_n gules_a chap._n xx._n why_o arm_n be_v change_v arm_n once_o take_v ought_v not_o to_o be_v change_v without_o a_o sufficient_a cause_n the_o ordinary_a cause_n of_o change_a arm_n be_v six_o first_o when_o the_o bearer_n become_v subject_a to_o another_o and_o thus_o william_n the_o conqueror_n change_v the_o arm_n of_o england_n 2._o the_o succeed_a to_o a_o great_a fortune_n and_o thus_o the_o family_n of_o stewart_n arm_n be_v change_v by_o our_o king_n when_o they_o succeed_v to_o the_o crown_n 3_o adoption_n as_o by_o taily_n with_o we_o 4._o some_o considerable_a new_a exploit_n and_o thus_o a_o savoyard_n have_v preserve_v francis_n 1._o at_o the_o battle_n of_o pavia_n crave_v liberty_n to_o change_v his_o arm_n and_o take_v a_o sword_n arg_fw-mi accompany_v with_o a_o flower_n de_fw-fr luce_fw-fr 5._o some_o new_a devote_n enterprise_n as_o those_o who_o go_v to_o the_o holy_a war._n 6._o mark_n of_o cadency_n and_o defamation_n and_o marriage_n of_o which_o three_o last_n i_o shall_v treat_v in_o separate_a chapter_n what_o be_v mean_v by_o a_o gentleman_n of_o name_n and_o arm_n in_o ancient_a record_n be_v doubt_v for_o some_o interpret_v this_o of_o those_o who_o make_v profession_n of_o arm_n other_o do_v more_o just_o interpret_v this_o of_o these_o who_o come_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o have_v surname_n and_o coat-armour_n for_o till_o william_n the_o conqueror_n time_n in_o england_n and_o king_n malcome_n canmor_n reign_n in_o scotland_n there_o be_v no_o surname_n but_o man_n be_v call_v by_o their_o father_n name_n as_o gulielmus_fw-la filius_fw-la jacobi_fw-la but_o thereafter_o they_o get_v surname_n from_o the_o land_n they_o possess_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o mark_n of_o nobility_n in_o those_o day_n to_o have_v a_o few_o or_o land_n but_o now_o a_o gentleman_n of_o name_n and_o arm_n be_v he_o who_o name_n and_o arm_n be_v registrate_v by_o herald_n as_o menestier_n observe_v chap._n xxi_o mark_n of_o cadencie_n and_o difference_n arm_n be_v sometime_o give_v upon_o a_o personal_a account_n by_o a_o prince_n thus_o king_n give_v sometime_o to_o such_o stranger_n who_o have_v mediate_v happy_o as_o ambassador_n betwixt_o they_o and_o their_o own_o master_n the_o arm_n of_o their_o kingdom_n in_o a_o canton_n and_o general_o in_o these_o case_n arm_n be_v personal_a and_o descend_v not_o to_o his_o successor_n and_o such_o arm_n be_v call_v insignia_fw-la personalia_fw-la noal_n de_fw-fr transmis_n casu_fw-la 33._o and_o cartwright_n pag._n 20._o give_v a_o instance_n of_o this_o in_o the_o person_n of_o s._n henry_n st._n george_n who_o get_v the_o arm_n of_o swede_n in_o a_o canton_n when_o he_o be_v ambassador_n there_o and_o the_o italian_n give_v many_o instance_n of_o this_o rule_n in_o arm_n give_v by_o prince_n to_o cardinal_n but_o if_o successor_n be_v not_o seclude_v then_o arm_n descend_v to_o his_o heir_n though_o they_o be_v not_o express_v bart._n ad_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n de_fw-la dignit_fw-la hope_v c._n 7._o §_o 1._o and_o these_o succeed_v to_o their_o arm_n though_o the_o arm_n be_v bestow_v upon_o the_o father_n after_o their_o birth_n even_o as_o they_o will_v succeed_v to_o a_o crown_n fall_v to_o
the_o only_a reason_n why_o these_o difference_n be_v invent_v and_o therefore_o colomb_n conclude_v thus_o mais_fw-fr quant_fw-fr à _fw-fr mâ—y_fw-fr je_fw-fr tiens_fw-fr toutes_fw-fr ces_fw-fr contra_fw-la in_o tes_fw-fr inutiles_fw-la pource_fw-fr quelles_fw-fr ne_fw-fr pevent_v pas_fw-fr conveniru_fw-fr à _fw-fr toute_fw-fr sort_n d'_fw-fr arm_n the_o french_a have_v constant_o and_o the_o scot_n frequent_o take_v such_o difference_n or_o brisur_n as_o may_v express_v at_o once_o some_o considerable_a alliance_n or_o action_n and_o may_v likewise_o distinguish_v their_o family_n from_o that_o of_o their_o chief_n for_o so_o we_o call_v the_o representative_a of_o the_o family_n from_o the_o french_a word_n chef_fw-fr a_o head_n and_o in_o the_o irish_a with_o we_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o family_n be_v call_v the_o head_n of_o the_o clane_n thus_o the_o lord_n balmerrinoch_n chaâ—ges_v the_o cheveron_n which_o the_o elphinston_n carry_v with_o three_o buckle_n because_o his_o mother_n be_v monteeth_n and_o daughter_n to_o the_o laird_n of_o carse_n who_o charge_n these_o be_v and_o the_o lord_n couper_n brother_n to_o balmerrinoch_n do_v charge_v the_o cheveron_n with_o three_o heart_n because_o his_o mother_n be_v daughter_n to_o maxwel_n of_o newark_n sometime_o also_o they_o change_v only_o the_o colour_n of_o any_o one_o part_n of_o their_o chief_n bear_v and_o sometime_o they_o alter_v the_o ordinary_n take_v on_o a_o bend_v these_o cognisance_n which_o the_o chief_a carry_v in_o chief_a or_o upon_o a_o saltire_n what_o he_o carry_v on_o a_o cross_n etc._n etc._n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o family_n descend_v of_o the_o craufoord_v rutherfoord_v purvess_n etc._n etc._n our_o predecessor_n also_o take_v mark_n of_o difference_n from_o their_o employment_n and_o thus_o forbes_n of_o corse_n a_o cross_n fitché_fw-fr because_o they_o be_v learned-church-man_n for_o many_o generation_n bruce_n of_o earls-hall_n a_o flower_n deluce_a give_v he_o as_o a_o reward_n by_o the_o french_a king_n which_o the_o patent_n yet_o show_v and_o there_o be_v no_o better_a difference_n than_o any_o one_o of_o the_o ordinary_n or_o to_o alter_v the_o ordinary_a line_n thus_o sir_n william_n bruce_n of_o balcaskie_n get_v the_o low_a line_n of_o the_o chief_a in_o the_o bruce_n arm_n wave_v to_o show_v his_o kindness_n to_o and_o his_o skill_n in_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n sometime_o also_o cadet_n add_v to_o the_o number_n of_o what_o be_v bear_v by_o their_o predecessor_n as_o if_o he_o carry_v two_o star_n they_o add_v a_o three_o and_o sometime_o they_o diminish_v the_o number_n otherwise_o alter_v the_o position_n so_o that_o if_o the_o elder_a have_v five_o crescent_n saltirewayes_o the_o cadet_n will_v dispose_v they_o on_o a_o bend_n etc._n etc._n albiet_n every_o person_n may_v take_v any_o cognizance_n he_o please_v to_o difference_n his_o own_o arm_n from_o these_o of_o the_o chief_a and_o all_o other_o of_o the_o name_n yet_o there_o be_v some_o rule_n here_o to_o be_v observe_v as_o first_o that_o they_o take_v no_o part_n of_o their_o prince_n arm_n without_o his_o majesty_n licence_n such_o as_o lion_n nor_o the_o double_a tressure_n flower_n deluce_v and_o contre_fw-fr flowerdeluced_a nor_o the_o flower_n deluce_a simple_a for_o though_o his_o majesty_n bear_v not_o these_o as_o king_n of_o scotland_n yet_o they_o be_v still_o a_o royal_a bear_n and_o the_o doctor_n assert_v that_o this_o rule_n hold_v in_o spain_n as_o to_o all_o the_o kingdom_n under_o that_o king_n subjection_n the_o bear_n or_o charge_n of_o the_o chief_n house_n shall_v not_o be_v alter_v as_o many_o family_n in_o scotland_n have_v do_v thus_o auchinleck_n of_o balmanno_n give_v arg_fw-mi a_o cross_n embatle_v sable_a whereas_o auchinleck_n of_o that_o ilk_fw-mi give_v arg_fw-mi three_o bar_n sable_a and_o scot_n of_o balwyrie_n bear_v different_a arm_n from_o these_o of_o balcleuch_n but_o this_o be_v occasion_v by_o cadet_n their_o marry_a heretrix_n who_o arm_n they_o assume_v without_o use_v their_o own_o see_v they_o get_v no_o patrimony_n from_o their_o predecessor_n 2._o it_o be_v irregular_a to_o alter_v the_o chief_n colour_n as_o campbel_n of_o lundy_n do_v who_o bear_v gyronie_n of_o eight_o piece_n er._n and_o sa._n whereas_o the_o earl_n of_o argyle_n bear_v gyrone_n of_o eight_o piece_n as_o we_o erroneous_o blazen_a o._n and_o sa_o yet_o this_o be_v allow_v of_o old_a by_o our_o custom_n which_o may_v defend_v what_o be_v do_v though_o it_o shall_v be_v no_o precedent_n for_o the_o future_a see_v all_o nation_n do_v now_o endeavourvery_n just_o not_o to_o differ_v that_o so_o all_o arm_n may_v be_v universal_o understand_v 3._o it_o be_v think_v irregular_a to_o diminish_v any_o part_n of_o the_o chief_n bear_v as_o campbel_n of_o cesnock_n have_v do_v who_o fill_v the_o room_n of_o one_o of_o the_o gyron_n with_o a_o cheveron_n for_o how_o can_v he_o be_v say_v to_o bear_v the_o chief_n arm_n with_o a_o difference_n who_o diminish_v they_o and_o how_o can_v it_o be_v know_v that_o he_o be_v descend_v of_o that_o family_n when_o he_o bear_v not_o the_o arm_n of_o it_o for_o either_o of_o the_o alteration_n make_v the_o bearing_n very_o different_a and_o there_o be_v original_a family_n who_o differ_v only_o so_o and_o yet_o such_o difference_n be_v ordinar_n abroad_o 4._o these_o cadet_n who_o have_v their_o arm_n quarter_v with_o other_o arm_n need_v no_o difference_n for_o the_o quarter_a or_o impale_v be_v a_o sufficient_a difference_n as_o be_v clear_a in_o the_o example_n of_o campbel_n of_o glenarchie_n hoom_n of_o râ—nton_n and_o other_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v unnecessar_n for_o the_o earl_n of_o kellie_n to_o have_v bear_v a_o crescent_n for_o a_o mark_n of_o difference_n as_o second_o son_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o mar_n see_v he_o bear_v quarterly_a with_o the_o arm_n aerskine_n 1._o and_o 4._o a_o imperial_a crown_n within_o a_o double_a tressure_n or_n bestow_v upon_o he_o for_o his_o assistance_n give_v to_o king_n james_n in_o gauri_n conspiracy_n 5._o it_o be_v observable_a that_o though_o a_o cadet_n be_v descend_v of_o a_o cadet_n yet_o i_o think_v he_o need_v not_o express_v the_o difference_n of_o that_o family_n out_o of_o which_o he_o be_v immediate_o come_v for_o else_o the_o coat_n shall_v be_v fill_v with_o difference_n and_o the_o use_n of_o difference_n be_v only_o to_o distinguish_v from_o the_o chief_n family_n albeit_o there_o be_v no_o state_v and_o constant_a difference_n in_o france_n yet_o the_o cadet_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n have_v their_o certain_a and_o constant_a difference_n orleans_n carry_v the_o label_n anjou_n a_o bordur_n gules_a alencon_n a_o bordure_n g_o charge_v with_o eight_o besant_n etc._n etc._n for_o by_o these_o they_o be_v know_v to_o the_o people_n in_o coach_n it_o be_v also_o observable_a that_o the_o herald_n of_o all_o nation_n aggree_v that_o sister_n shall_v carry_v no_o mark_n of_o difference_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o be_v by_o guilims_n say_v to_o be_v that_o when_o they_o be_v marry_v they_o loss_n their_o surname_n and_o receive_v that_o of_o their_o husband_n but_o i_o crave_v pardon_n to_o think_v this_o reason_n not_o sufficient_a for_o it_o will_v only_o prove_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o at_o all_o bear_v their_o paternal_a coat_n and_o yet_o i_o have_v former_o demonstrate_v that_o they_o may_v in_o some_o case_n nor_o do_v the_o reason_n prove_v that_o daughter_n before_o their_o marriage_n shall_v not_o bear_v their_o paternal_a coat_n with_o difference_n see_v till_o than_o they_o lose_v not_o their_o own_o surname_n but_o the_o true_a reason_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v that_o albeit_o among_o son_n the_o elder_a exclude_v all_o the_o young_a from_o the_o succession_n and_o therefore_o difference_n be_v give_v for_o clear_v the_o right_a of_o succession_n among_o brother_n yet_o sister_n succeed_v equal_o and_o be_v heir_n portioner_n and_o so_o there_o be_v no_o use_n for_o their_o difference_n among_o they_o see_v seniority_n infer_v no_o privilege_n it_o be_v general_o believe_v that_o their_o difference_n be_v except_v from_o that_o general_a rule_n whereby_o it_o be_v declare_v false_a haraldry_n to_o place_n colour_n upon_o colour_n or_o metal_n upon_o metal_n though_o guilims_n nor_o carter_n have_v not_o observe_v it_o but_o yet_o see_v the_o instance_n of_o this_o exception_n be_v only_o give_v in_o royal_a bearing_n i_o conceive_v it_o be_v safe_a to_o avoid_v the_o exception_n in_o coat-armour_n of_o private_a person_n sunt_fw-la enim_fw-la principes_fw-la legibus_fw-la soluti_fw-la in_o what_o part_n of_o the_o shield_n these_o difference_n shall_v be_v bear_v be_v not_o certain_a but_o the_o point_n of_o honour_n be_v the_o most_o proper_a place_n in_o my_o opinion_n to_o receive_v diminution_n or_o addition_n of_o honour_n and_o yet_o guilims_n morgan_n and_o other_o give_v we_o many_o
and_o that_o which_o be_v call_v among_o soldier_n exauctoration_n be_v as_o to_o other_o call_v degradation_n when_o soldier_n be_v exauctorate_v their_o arm_n be_v take_v from_o they_o and_o in_o imitation_n of_o that_o the_o coat_n of_o arm_n be_v take_v from_o other_o or_o it_o be_v dishonour_v with_o some_o mark_n of_o infamy_n which_o by_o the_o english_a and_o we_o be_v call_v a_o abatment_n and_o by_o the_o latin_a and_o french_a diminution_n of_o arms._n some_o think_v that_o this_o diminution_n of_o arm_n take_v its_o origine_fw-la from_o throw_v down_o of_o image_n use_v among_o the_o roman_n for_o most_o of_o they_o have_v their_o statue_n stand_v in_o the_o mercat-place_n and_o when_o they_o be_v convict_v of_o crime_n these_o statue_n be_v throw_v down_o l._n eorum_fw-la f._n de_fw-fr paenis_fw-la but_o i_o think_v that_o this_o be_v more_o immediate_o found_v upon_o l._n judices_fw-la &_o l._n quoties_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr dignitat_fw-la these_o who_o write_v as_o lawyer_n upon_o this_o subject_n do_v remark_n that_o arm_n be_v diminish_v or_o lose_v for_o murder_n falsehood_n oppression_n false_a witness_n and_o a_o profligat_fw-la life_n and_o that_o they_o be_v many_o several_a way_n deface_v or_o diminsh_v such_o as_o abrasion_n perforation_n but_o the_o most_o ordinary_a way_n be_v by_o reverse_v and_o ryve_v which_o far._n observe_v to_o be_v ordinary_a in_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n the_o crim_n les_fw-fr maj_o cap._n 16._o which_o punishment_n be_v in_o observance_n by_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o scotland_n for_o when_o any_o person_n be_v forfeit_v in_o parliament_n the_o lion_n and_o his_o brethren_n herald_n come_v in_o with_o their_o coat_n and_o formality_n and_o the_o lion_n do_v public_o tear_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o person_n forfeit_v and_o if_o he_o be_v a_o cadet_n of_o a_o family_n he_o say_v open_o that_o the_o tear_v of_o these_o arm_n shall_v be_v without_o prejudice_n to_o the_o nobleman_n or_o chief_a who_o arm_n these_o 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