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A45496 Archaioskopia, or, A view of antiquity presented in a short but sufficient account of some of the fathers, men famous in their generations who lived within, or near the first three hundred years after Christ : serving as a light to the studious, that they may peruse with better judgment and improve to greater advantage the venerable monuments of those eminent worthies / by J.H. Hanmer, Jonathan, 1606-1687.; Howe, John, 1630-1705.; Howell, James, 1594?-1666. 1677 (1677) Wing H652; ESTC R25408 262,013 452

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and make his way and work by far more facil and pleasant which that it may be the issue of this undertaking is heartily desired by him who is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I. H. Each Chapter consists of all or most of these following particulars concerning each Father 1 § A Brief account of his Life and Travels in the Church 2 § His Elogy and the esteem he was held in 3 § His labors and writings whereof 1. Some are lost 2. Some remain of which 1. Some are dubious 2. Some are spurious 3. Some are genuine and of these 1. Their sum 2. Their censure 4. § His language and stile 5. § Some notable and select passages 6. § His slips and errors whereof 1. The Occasion and Ground 2. The Apology and Plea that may be made for some of them 7. § His end and death The FATHERS treated of in this Treatise viz. Page 1. Ignatius Antiochenus 1 2. Iustinus Martyr 22 3. Irenaeus Lugdunensis 51 4. Clemens Alexandrinus 79 5. Tertullianus 111 6. Origenes Adamantius 171 7. Cyprianus Carthaginensis 248 8. Lactantius Firmianus 314 9. Athanasius Alexandrinus 339 10. Hilarius Pictaviensis 390 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 OR A VIEW of Antiquity 1. Ignatius Antiochenus §1 AS touching Ignatius surnamed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that Ancient and Eminent Bishop and Martyr what Country-man he was how brought up and Educated in what manner and by what means converted unto the Christian Faith and advanced unto the weightier functions in the Church is no where extant nor recorded in history The relation of Nicephorus seems fabulous and inconsistent with what is to be found in the Epistles attributed by some unto Ignatius himself wherein 't is said that he never saw Christ corporally or in the flesh He therefore could not be as the above-named Author reports him to have been that little Child that Christ called unto him and set in the midst of his Disciples commending simplicity unto them and saying Except ye be converted and become as little children ye shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven But though he so saw not the Lord Jesus yet did he live and familiarly converse with them that had so seen him being as is generally received the Disciple of the Apostle Iobn as were also his contemporaries Papias Bishop of Hierap●lis and Polycarp ordained by the said Apostle Bishop of Smyrna as was our Ignatius Bishop of Antioch by the Apostle Peter of whose right hand saith Theodoret he received 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of which Church he was the third Pastor or Bishop the Apostle Peter being the first to whom next succeeded Evodius one of the seventy Disciples as saith Dorotheus Eusebius makes Ev●dius the first and our Ignatius the second Pastor there which is true indeed of the fixed Bishops of that City for Peter stayed but a while there and then departed unto Ierusalem and other Eastern Regions If therefore the Apostle Peter begin the Catalogue as some make him to do then is he the third but if Evodint as others then the second Bishop of that place His zeal toward the house of God was exceeding great even burning hot for which he was had in as great esteem and most acceptable unto those of chiefest note especially Polycarp and the rest of the Asian Bishops whereof they gave an ample testimony by their flocking to him as the most famous man of all the East when they heard that he was lead bound toward Rome For in his way being at Smyrna the neighboring Churches having notice thereof sent each of them their messengers to salute and visit him in their behalf among whom were the Bishops of some of those places accompanied by the Elders and Deacons the like also was performed by the Bishop of Philadelphia upon his coming to Troas An evident demonstration of the high and more then ordinary respect which they bare unto him and his answerable worth who as they deemed deserved it from them § 2. He was accounted the first and chief of the Oriental Bishops as excelling them all both in the holiness of his life and his powerfulness in Preaching the Gospel as well as in the prerogative of his seat yea among the Fathers of the Primitive Church he holds the first place A Doctor in every regard blessed whom Bernard stiles by the name of the great Ignatius our Martyr with whose precious reliques saith he our poverty is inriched a most holy Man and altogether the most Ancient of all now extant one truly Divine and even unto our memory famous and in the mouthes of many a clear evidence of his admirable worth and that variety of the gifts of the holy Ghost wherewith he was choicely adorned a man of eminent Sanctity as also a singular and ●ervent lover of our Lord Jesus Christ in publishing the word of God very zealous and no less Learned in so much as his Learning as well as his vertues were celebrated of old amongst which the magnanimity of his spirit in the cause of Christ happily conjoyned with sweet humility and holy simplicity did add not the least lustre to this accomplish'd Martyr § 3. The remains of his Learning and labors are only some few Epistles written by him unto several Churches and Persons not long before his death which as a certain well drawn picture do excellently represent and give us a lively image of him for therein are notably discovered his vigorous and singular love to Christ his fervent zeal for God and his glory his admirable and undaunted courage and magnanimity in his cause accompanied with such sweet humility and exemplary meekness of Spirit that as in all he shewed himself to be a true Disciple and follower of Christ so may he well serve as a pattern for the imitation of succeeding generation Talis erat sublimis illius animi submissio è contra ejusdem submissi animi sublimitas ut mirâ quadam connexione summis ima conjungat quae admiratione delectatione animum simul afficiant Such was the submission of that sublime soul and on the other side such the sublimity of that submisse soul that with a certain admirable connexion he joyned together the lowest with the highest both which may well affect the mind with wonderment and delight These Epistles do amount as now extant unto the number of fifteen and may be divided or ranked in three sorts 1. Such as are Genuine and for the main and bulk of them by most apprehended and granted to be his of which Casaubon thus For the Epistles of Ignatius to deny them to be those of that most ancient Martyr and Bishop of Antioch would be Heresie at this day and verily as for some of them we shall else where if it shall please the Lord defend their antiquity by new reasons These are six in number though commonly thought to be seven
comprised in the first Volume a Chronicle containing the times unto the death of Commodus so that it is evident saith he that he finished his Books under Severus 16. He thus descants upon those words of Christ Matth. 10. 23. When they persecute you in this city flee ye into another he doth not here perswade to fly as if to suffer persecution were evil nor doth he command us fearing death to decline it by flight but he wills us that we be to none the authors or abettors of evil he requires us to use caution but he that obeys not is audacious and rash unadvisedly casting himself into manifest perils Now if he that kills a man of God doth sin against God he also is guilty of that Murther who offers himself to Judgement And such a one shall he be accounted that avoids not persecution presumptuously offering himself to be taken He it is that as much as in him lyeth helps forward the impiety of him that persecutes Much like to this is that of Athanasius Numb 11. vid. 17. Behold O man saith he for how small a matter the Lord doth give thee Land to till Water to drink another Water whereby to send forth or export and to return or import thy Commodities Air wherein to breath a House to cover thee from the injury of the weather Fire wherewith to warm thee and whereat to imploy thee a World wherein to dwell all these things so great so many thy Lord hath as it were rented out unto thee at a very easie rate a little Faith a little Thanks so it be true so they be hearty And most unkind thou if thou denyest him that rent the earth is the Lords and the fulness thereof if then thou dost not acknowledge thy Lord being compassed round with his blessings he will then say unto thee Get thee out of my Land and from out of my House touch not my Water partake not of my Fruits If I have rented these out unto thee for so small a matter a little thanks and thou dost deny me that little thou hast in so doing forfeited the whole and I will require the forfeiture at thy hands § 6. These and many such like excellent passages do his Writings abound with but yet there are intermixed and scattered up and down such things as are neither sound nor sav●●ry which are therefore carefully to be heeded and avoided In so much as for this cause Pope Gelas●us did providently require saith Baro●ius that the works of this Clement should be branded with the note of Apocryphal wherein notwithstanding he may justly be accounted more wary than wise for were this ground sufficient to reject the labours of the ancients because among much good grain there is some chaff to be found none of them would be remaining or of any credit at this day Let us rather sever the Gold from the Dross than dam up the Mine and let what 's bad be suffer'd to continue for the sake of what is good and useful in them rather than what 's good be rejected for the bads sake Nevertheless it may not be amiss to give notice of what will not endure the test and trial lest through inadvertency and because of the antiquity and authority of the Author that should be esteemed and taken up for sound and current which upon examination will prove adulterate and unpassable Of which sort are these that follow 10. It is a ridiculous thing saith be to imagine that the Body of our Saviour as a body did stand in need of necessary aids and Ministries that it might continue for he did eat not for his bodies sake which was upheld by an holy Power but lest it might occasion those with whom he conversed to think otherwise of him as indeed afterward some were of opinion that he appeared only in a Vision and Phantasm For to say it once for all he was void of passion being one whom no motion of affection could take hold of neither pleasure nor grief A strange and gross conceit and directly contrary to clear Texts of Scripture 2. That Christ ought to preach but one year only he fondly gathered from Luke 4. 19. he hath sent me To preach the acceptable year of the Lord and supposeth that he suffer'd in the thirtieth year of his age Both which as his errours Casaubo● maketh mention of and how manifestly repugnant they both are to the History of the Evangelists is obvious to every observing eye 3. He is of the mind that Jesus Christ descended into Hell for this cause that he might preach the Gospel unto the dead and that these are the bodies spoken of Matth. 27. 53. 53. that arose at the time of Christ's passion that they might be translated unto ● better place Yea that the Apostles as well as the Lord himself did preach the Gospel unto those that were dead Chemnitius thus reports it Clemens Alexandrinus inquit multa citat ex apocryphis quibus peregri●s dogmata stabilire conatur Vt ex libro Pastoris Hermae probat Apostolos post mortem praedicasse illis qui anteà in infidelitate mortui fuer●nt illos conversos vivificasse He thought that no man was saved before the coming of Christ but that those who lived piously and righteously by the Law or by philosophy were accounted righteous yet wanted Faith wherefore in Hell they expected the coming of Christ and the Apostles and that by their preaching they were converted to the Faith and so saved 4. He frequently asserteth the freedom of man's will in spirituals e.g. Yours is the Kingdom of Heaven if directing or turning your free-will unto God you will believe only and follow that short way that is preached unto Again neither praises nor dispraises neither honours or rewards nor punishments are just if the soul have not free power to desire and to abstain Also because it is in our power to obey or not to obey that none may pretend ignorance the divine word gives a just call unto all and requires what every one is enabled to perform Lastly defection going back and disobedience are in our power as is also obedience And in this particular he erred not alone the two immediately preceding and divers other of the Ancients being of the same judgement the ground whereof may be conceived to be this because many of them had been in their first years brought up in the study of Philosophy and of Philosophers being converted became Christians this made them attribute so much even too much unto Philosophy which proved the occasion of many errours in them Hence it is that Tertullian calls Philosophers Patriarchas haereticorum and Rhen●nus having shewn of how great advantage the Philosophy of Platonicks was unto Valentinus who had been of that Sect in the hatching of his wild and sottish Heresies breaks out into these words See saith he how