e._n 4._o cap._n 1._o 19_o h._n 7._o cap._n 21._o the_o same_o thing_n enact_v upon_o the_o like_a occasion_n 4._o e._n 4._o c._n 1.19_o h._n 7._o c._n 21._o the_o importation_n of_o divers_a commodity_n forbid_v as_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o manufacture_n within_o the_o realm_n 6._o h._n 8_o cap_n 12._o 12._o 6._o h._n 8._o cap._n 12._o the_o exportation_n of_o norfolk_n wool_n out_o of_o the_o realm_n forbid_v 26._o h._n 8._o cap._n 10._o 10._o 26._o h._n 8._o ca._n 10._o power_n be_v give_v to_o the_o king_n to_o order_n and_o dispose_v of_o the_o traffic_n of_o merchant_n at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v give_v because_o otherwise_o the_o league_n and_o amity_n with_o foreign_a prince_n may_v be_v impeach_v by_o reason_n of_o restraint_n make_v by_o divers_a statute_n then_o stand_v on_o foot_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v not_o then_o take_v to_o be_v law_n that_o the_o king_n have_v a_o absolute_a power_n in_o himself_o to_o order_n and_o dispose_v 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these_o they_o affirm_v can_v be_v understand_v but_o of_o imposition_n by_o the_o king_n without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v if_o they_o be_v not_o duty_n due_a to_o the_o king_n beside_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n which_o may_v satisfy_v the_o intention_n of_o these_o word_n this_o objection_n may_v have_v have_v some_o colour_n in_o it_o but_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o beside_o these_o two_o there_o be_v other_o profit_v due_a to_o the_o king_n upon_o merchant_n good_n as_o scavage_a tonage_n and_o the_o like_a and_o you_o shall_v find_v a_o petition_n in_o parliament_n 163._o rot._n parl_n 50._o e_o 3_o nu_fw-la 163._o 50._o e._n 3_o against_o the_o raise_n of_o these_o above_o the_o old_a rate_n the_o eight_o law_n be_v e._n 5._o 15._o e._n 3._o stat_fw-la 2._o ta_o 5._o 3._o stat_fw-la 2_o ca._n 5._o whereby_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o every_o merchant_n may_v free_o buy_v and_o sell_v and_o pass_v the_o sea_n with_o their_o merchandize_n of_o wool_n and_o 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the_o right_n nature_n and_o measure_n of_o these_o new_a imposition_n if_o this_o restraint_n have_v not_o come_v between_o shall_v have_v be_v so_o orderly_o and_o so_o moderate_o carry_v and_o employ_v to_o the_o manifold_a necessity_n of_o these_o time_n and_o give_v your_o majesty_n so_o true_a a_o view_n of_o the_o state_n and_o right_a of_o your_o subject_n that_o it_o will_v have_v be_v much_o to_o your_o majesty_n content_n and_o satisfaction_n which_o we_o most_o desire_v and_o remove_v all_o cause_n of_o fear_n and_o jealousy_n from_o the_o loyal_a heart_n of_o your_o subject_n which_o be_v as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v our_o careful_a endeavour_n whereas_o contrariwise_o in_o that_o other_o way_n direct_v by_o your_o majesty_n we_o can_v safe_o proceed_v without_o conclude_v for_o ever_o the_o right_a of_o the_o subject_n which_o without_o due_a examination_n thereof_o we_o may_v not_o do_v we_o therefore_o your_o loyal_a and_o dutiful_a commons_o not_o swarve_v from_o the_o 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much_o
2._o that_o no_o office_n of_o the_o king_n 2._o 34._o e._n 3._o c._n 2._o or_o of_o his_o heir_n shall_v take_v any_o good_n of_o any_o manner_n of_o person_n without_o the_o assent_n and_o good_a will_n of_o the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o good_n belong_v the_o same_o be_v declare_v in_o many_o other_o statute_n make_v against_o prisage_n and_o purveyance_n neither_o have_v ever_o any_o king_n attempt_v to_o go_v plain_o &_o direct_o against_o that_o right_n but_o have_v devise_v certain_a legal_a colour_n and_o shadow_n for_o their_o wrongful_a do_v in_o that_o kind_n benevolence_n commission_n loan_n or_o privy_a scale_n benevolence_n which_o i_o do_v find_v be_v of_o three_o sort_n by_o way_n of_o commission_n by_o way_n of_o loan_n by_o way_n of_o benevolence_n commission_n of_o another_o be_v the_o most_o insolent_a for_o they_o go_v out_o as_o it_o be_v by_o authority_n to_o levy_v aid_n of_o the_o people_n upon_o great_a necessity_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n these_o be_v 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that_o ever_o king_n attempt_v that_o course_n of_o exaction_n be_v 17._o 8._o stow_n annal_n 17._o h._n 8._o h._n 8._o upon_o the_o take_n of_o the_o french_a king_n at_o pavia_n by_o the_o force_n of_o charles_n the_o five_o cardinal_n wolsey_n have_v a_o purpose_n to_o put_v the_o king_n into_o a_o war_n about_o that_o quarrel_n and_o find_v his_o coffer_n empty_a advise_v this_o way_n to_o send_v out_o commission_n and_o by_o they_o to_o levy_v aid_n of_o the_o people_n according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o their_o estate_n but_o this_o give_v such_o discontent_n to_o the_o whole_a realm_n that_o it_o cause_v in_o many_o place_n a_o actual_a rebellion_n and_o the_o cardinal_n be_v call_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o this_o bad_a advice_n do_v justify_v this_o fact_n by_o the_o example_n of_o joseph_n who_o advise_v pharaoh_n to_o take_v the_o five_o part_n of_o his_o subject_n good_n but_o when_o he_o see_v that_o will_v not_o serve_v the_o turn_n he_o false_o lay_v it_o upon_o the_o judge_n inform_v the_o king_n he_o do_v it_o by_o their_o advice_n be_v resolve_v by_o they_o of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o fact_n so_o you_o see_v that_o great_a churchman_n find_v more_o safety_n in_o matter_n of_o government_n of_o our_o commonwealth_n in_o make_v a_o false_a report_n of_o a_o point_n of_o the_o common-law_n than_o in_o a_o true_a text_n of_o the_o scripture_n and_o if_o any_o churchman_n will_v endeavour_v by_o application_n of_o the_o text_n of_o scripture_n to_o overthrow_v the_o ancient_a law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o will_v advise_v they_o to_o be_v admonish_v by_o the_o ill_a success_n of_o the_o cardinal_n in_o this_o particular_a action_n and_o by_o the_o miserable_a catastrophe_n of_o his_o whole_a life_n and_o fortune_n seal_n loan_n and_o privy_a seal_n loan_n and_o apprest_n be_v those_o which_o we_o call_v privy_a seal_n which_o though_o they_o be_v more_o moderate_a in_o show_n yet_o be_v make_v against_o the_o good_a will_n of_o the_o party_n be_v as_o injurious_a indeed_o as_o the_o other_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n 16._o rot._n pat_o 25._o e._n 3._o num_fw-la 16._o 25._o e._n 3._o num._n 16._o make_v a_o grievous_a complaint_n to_o the_o king_n against_o the_o use_n of_o they_o and_o pray_v that_o none_o from_o thenceforth_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o make_v loan_z against_o their_o will_n and_o they_o give_v this_o reason_n in_o their_o petition_n for_o that_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n and_o the_o franchise_n of_o the_o land_n and_o pray_v that_o restitution_n may_v be_v make_v to_o those_o that_o have_v make_v such_o loan_z to_o this_o the_o king_n rescript_n be_v it_o please_v our_o lord_n the_o king_n it_o be_v so_o last_o come_v in_o those_o kind_n of_o exaction_n benevolence_n benevolence_n which_o be_v term_v by_o the_o fair_a name_n of_o benevolence_n but_o they_o become_v so_o odious_a as_o they_o give_v the_o occasion_n of_o a_o good_a law_n to_o be_v make_v against_o themselves_o and_o against_o all_o other_o shift_n and_o device_n by_o what_o new_a term_n soever_o impose_v upon_o the_o subject_n the_o law_n be_v 1._o r._n 3._o cap._n 2._o and_o be_v thus_o 2._o 1_o r._n 3._o c._n 2._o the_o king_n remember_v how_o the_o commons_o of_o this_o his_o realm_n by_o nâ—â—_n and_o unlawful_a invention_n and_o inordinate_a covetise_n against_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v be_v put_v to_o great_a servitude_n and_o important_a charge_n and_o exaction_n and_o especial_o by_o a_o new_a imposition_n call_v a_o benevolence_n enact_v by_o the_o advice_n etc._n etc._n that_o the_o subject_n and_o commons_o of_o this_o land_n from_o henceforth_o shall_v in_o no_o wise_a be_v charge_v by_o any_o such_o charge_n or_o imposition_n call_v a_o benevolence_n nor_o by_o such_o like_a thing_n but_o if_o you_o will_v deny_v that_o the_o king_n do_v in_o this_o case_n tâ—ke_v the_o good_n of_o his_o subject_n without_o his_o assent_n than_o you_o must_v fall_v upon_o my_o other_o alternative_a proposition_n that_o the_o king_n patent_n have_v in_o this_o case_n the_o power_n of_o a_o law_n to_o alter_v property_n for_o how_o can_v he_o recover_v the_o impose_v by_o a_o legal_a course_n of_o proceed_v and_o by_o judgement_n in_o his_o court_n but_o upon_o a_o title_n precedent_n he_o before_o the_o action_n bring_v which_o title_n must_v be_v a_o property_n in_o the_o same_o impose_v and_o how_o come_v he_o by_o that_o property_n but_o by_o his_o own_o letter_n patent_n by_o which_o he_o declare_v he_o will_v have_v that_o same_o as_o a_o imposition_n for_o the_o judgement_n give_v not_o the_o right_a but_o only_o do_v manifest_a and_o declare_v it_o and_z giveth_z execution_n of_o it_o so_o in_o this_o point_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o king_n patent_n have_v the_o force_n and_o power_n of_o the_o law_n or_o not_o for_o if_o it_o be_v not_o maintain_v that_o it_o have_v it_o can_v never_o be_v conclude_v that_o he_o can_v transfer_v the_o property_n of_o his_o subject_n good_n to_o himself_o without_o the_o assent_n of_o they_o for_o quod_fw-la meum_fw-la est_fw-la sine_fw-la facto_fw-la meo_fw-la alterius_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la and_o if_o you_o give_v this_o power_n to_o the_o king_n patent_n you_o subject_a the_o law_n and_o take_v away_o all_o rule_n and_o bound_n of_o settle_a government_n and_o leave_v in_o the_o subject_n no_o property_n of_o his_o own_o neither_o do_v you_o by_o this_o advance_v the_o king_n power_n and_o prerogative_n 8._o bracton_n l._n 1._o c._n 8._o but_o you_o make_v he_o no_o king_n for_o as_o bracton_n say_v rex_fw-la est_fw-la ubi_fw-la dominatur_fw-la lex_fw-la non_fw-la voluntas_fw-la so_o we_o see_v that_o the_o power_n of_o impose_v and_o power_n of_o make_v law_n be_v convertibilia_fw-la &_o coincidentia_fw-la and_o whosoever_o can_v do_v the_o one_o can_v do_v the_o other_o
carry_v his_o merchandise_n where_o it_o please_v he_o notwithstanding_o any_o charter_n grant_v or_o judgement_n thereupon_o 16._o &_o 〈◊〉_d reâ—_n 1._o and_o in_o the_o parliament_n roll_n 2._o h._n 4._o num_fw-la 109._o we_o find_v a_o notable_a record_n which_o give_v warrant_n for_o the_o proceed_n in_o parliament_n in_o this_o manner_n as_o have_v be_v in_o this_o case_n notwithstanding_o the_o judgement_n in_o the_o exchequer_n and_o declare_v to_o the_o kingdom_n that_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a wonder_n make_v by_o some_o man_n nothing_o have_v be_v do_v in_o this_o business_n by_o those_o that_o serve_v in_o the_o parliament_n but_o in_o imitation_n of_o their_o worthy_a predecessor_n in_o the_o very_a like_o case_n in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o h._n 4._o the_o commons_o show_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o r._n 2._o by_o the_o mean_n of_o john_n waltham_n bishop_n of_o salisbury_n treasurer_n of_o england_n wrongful_o without_o authority_n of_o parliament_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o a_o judgement_n give_v in_o the_o exchequer_n 16._o &_o 17._o r._n 2._o by_o the_o baron_n there_o against_o certain_a merchant_n of_o bristol_n and_o other_o place_n passage_n have_v be_v take_v for_o wine_n otherwise_o than_o in_o ancient_a time_n have_v be_v and_o therefore_o they_o pray_v they_o may_v pay_v their_o prize_n wine_n in_o the_o manner_n they_o have_v use_v to_o pay_v notwithstanding_o any_o judgement_n give_v in_o the_o exchequer_n or_o other_o ordinance_n make_v by_o the_o say_a treasurer_n contrary_a to_o the_o ancient_a usage_n which_o petition_n the_o king_n grant_v and_o the_o judgement_n thereupon_o become_v void_a and_o the_o prisage_n wine_n have_v be_v pay_v contrary_a to_o the_o judgement_n ever_o since_o in_o 1._o 165._o 1._o el._n dier_n 165._o el._n dier_n 165._o upon_o the_o complaint_n make_v by_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o imposition_n set_v upon_o cloth_n by_o queen_n mary_n by_o her_o absolute_a power_n without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n the_o cause_n be_v think_v too_o weighty_a to_o be_v decide_v in_o any_o one_o court_n but_o as_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o book_n it_o be_v refer_v to_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n who_o divers_a time_n have_v conference_n about_o it_o so_o it_o may_v well_o be_v there_o be_v nothing_o against_o it_o in_o our_o year_n book_n for_o there_o be_v nothing_o of_o it_o another_o objection_n be_v this_o which_o be_v make_v in_o the_o last_o argument_n viz._n that_o custom_n be_v original_o due_a by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n it_o can_v then_o have_v no_o other_o ground_n or_o cause_n but_o mere_o by_o the_o king_n royal_a prerogative_n as_o a_o right_n and_o duty_n original_o belong_v to_o his_o crown_n which_o if_o it_o be_v it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v he_o may_v impose_v for_o that_o be_v but_o the_o exercise_v of_o that_o right_n to_o prove_v this_o be_v allege_v the_o case_n 39_o 3.13_o 39_o e._n 3.13_o e._n 3.13_o by_o which_o case_n it_o appear_v that_o king_n john_n have_v a_o custom_n of_o eight_o penny_n on_o a_o tonn_n of_o wine_n in_o the_o part_n of_o southampton_a but_o the_o book_n do_v not_o tell_v you_o that_o the_o king_n have_v it_o by_o prerogative_n and_o he_o may_v have_v it_o aswell_o otherwise_o as_o by_o prescription_n or_o convention_n which_o shall_v rather_o be_v intend_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o certainty_n of_o the_o sum_n pay_v for_o if_o it_o be_v by_o prerogative_n he_o may_v take_v sometime_o more_o sometime_o less_o at_o his_o will_n the_o right_a be_v indefinite_a and_o the_o quantity_n limit_v only_o by_o his_o own_o discretion_n 352._o 18._o el_n dier_n 352._o a_o common_a person_n may_v have_v such_o a_o custom_n certain_a as_o 18._o el._n dier_n 352._o the_o mayor_n of_o london_n have_v the_o twenty_o part_n of_o salt_n bring_v into_o the_o city_n by_o alien_n which_o be_v a_o great_a imposition_n but_o be_v good_a by_o prescription_n original_o and_o have_v receive_v great_a strength_n since_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o liberty_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n so_o it_o appear_v 43._o dier_n 43._o that_o john_n of_o britain_n have_v custom_n of_o the_o ship_n that_o arrive_v at_o his_o port_n of_o little_a yarmouth_n worth_a twenty_o pound_n per_fw-la a_o and_o these_o instance_n do_v infer_v that_o a_o custom_n may_v be_v otherwise_o then_o by_o prerogative_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o good_a argument_n to_o conclude_v the_o king_n have_v such_o a_o custom_n therefore_o he_o have_v it_o by_o prerogative_n the_o book_n in_o 30._o h._n 8._o dier_n 43._o 43._o 30._o hen._n 8._o dier_n 43._o be_v much_o press_v on_o this_o point_n which_o say_v that_o custom_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n at_o common_a law_n and_o do_v instance_n in_o wool_n will_v fell_n and_o leather_n begin_v at_o the_o common_a law_n but_o abridge_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 14._o e._n 3._o ca._n 21._o stat_fw-la 1._o statn_n 14._o ed._n 3._o c._n 21._o statn_n r._n but_o this_o appear_v to_o be_v a_o great_a error_n and_o mistake_v in_o the_o book_n for_o we_o do_v find_v that_o that_o custom_n of_o wool_n wooll-fells_a and_o leather_n be_v begin_v by_o a_o grant_n in_o parliament_n as_o appear_v in_o statute_n 15._o e._n 1._o ca._n 7._o the_o word_n be_v grant_v to_o we_o by_o the_o commonalty_n aforesaid_a and_o the_o last_o mention_n before_o be_v that_o the_o king_n have_v grant_v to_o the_o bishop_n earl_n baron_n and_o all_o the_o commonalty_n of_o land_n etc._n etc._n novem._n 3._o ed._n 1._o the_o king_n recite_v in_o his_o letter_n patent_n that_o prelati_fw-la magnates_fw-la actota_fw-la communitas_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la regni_fw-la grant_v this_o new_a custom_n and_o so_o the_o ground_n and_o motive_n of_o that_o opinion_n be_v false_a all_o ground_a upon_o that_o must_v needs_o be_v erroneous_a it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o king_n hold_v at_o this_o day_n the_o increase_n of_o four_o penny_n in_o the_o pound_n over_o due_a custom_n pay_v by_o merchant_n alien_n according_a to_o the_o purport_n of_o the_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la 31._o e._n 1._o turri_n rot._n char_n 31._o e._n 1._o nu_fw-la 44._o in_o turri_n by_o mere_a right_n of_o prerogative_n at_o the_o common_a law_n for_o by_o that_o grant_n of_o the_o merchant_n he_o can_v hold_v it_o they_o be_v no_o body_n politic_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o grant_n and_o therefore_o the_o grant_n be_v mere_o void_a to_o bind_v in_o succession_n and_o yet_o the_o merchant_n alien_n do_v pay_v it_o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o by_o the_o common-law_n a_o contract_n with_o a_o number_n not_o incorporate_v bind_v not_o succession_n but_o we_o must_v take_v notice_n that_o they_o by_o who_o that_o grant_n be_v make_v of_o the_o augmentation_n of_o custom_n by_o threepence_n in_o the_o pound_n and_o other_o increase_v 31._o e._n 1._o be_v merchant_n alien_n who_o by_o the_o law_n of_o merchant_n and_o nation_n may_v contract_v to_o bind_v their_o successor_n in_o matter_n of_o traffic_n for_o their_o contract_n be_v not_o rule_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n &_o per_fw-la â—egem_fw-la mercatoriam_fw-la as_o the_o book_n case_n be_v 13._o ed._n 4.10_o and_o there_o be_v a_o good_a consideration_n give_v they_o by_o the_o king_n for_o this_o increase_n of_o custom_n as_o discharge_v of_o prize_n wine_n for_o two_o shilling_n the_o tonn_n and_o other_o immunity_n which_o all_o merchant_n alien_n hold_v and_o enjoy_v at_o this_o day_n by_o force_n of_o that_o contract_n make_v 31._o e._n 1._o for_o a_o stranger_n pay_v now_o but_o two_o shilling_n the_o tonn_n for_o prisage_n whereas_o it_o stand_v a_o english_a man_n in_o much_o more_o so_o as_o the_o rule_n of_o commutative_a justice_n make_v the_o contract_n available_a to_o the_o king_n against_o the_o merchant_n because_o he_o part_v with_o part_n of_o his_o prisage_n to_o the_o merchant_n and_o make_v it_o available_a to_o the_o merchant_n against_o the_o king_n because_o he_o give_v he_o increase_v of_o custom_n above_o that_o be_v due_a by_o law_n 26_o 27._o e._n 3._o c_o 26_o but_o the_o statute_n of_o 27._o e._n 3._o cap._n 26._o heretofore_o cite_v do_v make_v this_o point_n clear_a without_o scruple_n which_o confirm_v the_o charter_n of_o 31._o e._n 1._o entire_o and_o by_o that_o the_o increase_n of_o custom_n by_o threepence_n in_o the_o pound_n which_o be_v by_o name_n mention_v in_o the_o statute_n be_v now_o due_a by_o act_n of_o parliament_n if_o you_o will_v have_v the_o king_n hold_v this_o increase_n of_o custom_n by_o prerogative_n you_o go_v direct_o against_o his_o meaning_n for_o it_o appear_v by_o that_o which_o present_o follow_v this_o grant_n that_o the_o king_n take_v this_o increase_n of_o