Selected quad for the lemma: kingdom_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
kingdom_n	ancient_a	king_n	time_n	3,012	5	3.4617	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A68397	The breuiary of Britayne As this most noble, and renowmed iland, was of auncient time deuided into three kingdomes, England, Scotland and Wales. Contaynyng a learned discourse of the variable state, [and] alteration therof, vnder diuers, as wel natural: as forren princes, [and] conquerours. Together with the geographicall description of the same, such as nether by elder, nor later writers, the like hath been set foorth before. Writen in Latin by Humfrey Lhuyd of Denbigh, a Cambre Britayne, and lately Englished by Thomas Twyne, Gentleman.; Commentarioli Britannicae descriptionis fragmentum. English	Llwyd, Humphrey, 1527-1568.; Twyne, Thomas, 1543-1613.	1573 (1573)	STC 16636; ESTC S108126	73,902	228

water_n either_o into_o the_o sea_n as_o aberconwy_n abertivi_fw-la abertawy_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o mouth_n of_o conway_n tibius_n and_o tobius_n or_o into_o some_o great_a river_n as_o aber_n hodni_fw-la abergevenni_fw-la to_o say_v the_o fall_n of_o hodnus_fw-la and_o gevenus_fw-la into_o osca_n moreover_o we_o call_v mouth_n and_o entrance_n of_o river_n aber_n without_o add_v any_o thing_n more_o thereto_o as_o in_o carnaruanshyre_n between_o conovium_fw-la and_o banchorium_fw-la in_o the_o same_o manner_n so_o that_o i_o think_v aber_n to_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o aestus_fw-la do_v which_o be_v the_o rage_n fall_v or_o force_v of_o water_n as_o be_v most_o agreeable_a with_o ptolomaeus_n above_o these_o be_v the_o damnij_n who_o chief_a city_n antoninus_n make_v vandagora_n to_o be_v not_o far_o from_o the_o valley_n ofdam_n whereby_o i_o conjecture_v that_o they_o be_v those_o which_o we_o call_v now_o westmerlandshyremen_n the_o selgovij_fw-la and_o otadeni_n in_o time_n westmoreland_n past_a inhabit_v cumberland_n at_o the_o very_a brim_n of_o the_o uallie_o stand_v a_o most_o ancient_a city_n ptolomeus_n call_v it_o lucopibia_n antoninus_n luguballia_n the_o britain_n and_o englishman_n term_v it_o caerloyl_v and_o it_o stand_v in_o the_o frontir_v of_o the_o novantes_fw-la not_o far_o from_o this_o city_n as_o malmsburiensis_n report_v there_o be_v a_o stone_n find_v with_o this_o inscription_n in_o token_n of_o marius_n victory_n which_o token_n of_o triumph_n i_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v erect_v by_o meurigus_n who_o some_o of_o the_o roman_n have_v term_v more_o apt_o aruiragus_n othersome_a marius_n in_o token_n that_o the_o redshank_n be_v there_o vanquish_v rodericus_fw-la vanquish_v be_v their_o king_n which_o at_o that_o season_n as_o the_o saxon_n do_v exercise_v piracy_n in_o our_o sea_n until_o at_o length_n one_o part_n of_o they_o settle_v in_o albania_n and_o other_o in_o france_n and_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o these_o country_n together_o with_o gallovidia_fw-la so_o far_o as_o the_o river_n cluda_n unto_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 870_o be_v in_o the_o britain_n possession_n at_o what_o time_n be_v by_o the_o scot_n dane_n and_o englishman_n disquiet_v with_o many_o battle_n and_o in_o the_o end_n their_o king_n constantinus_n slay_v at_o lochmaba_n in_o anandra_n they_o be_v enforce_v to_o return_v into_o wales_n to_o their_o countryman_n and_o drive_v away_o the_o english_a saxon_n forcible_o challenge_v to_o themselves_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o conway_n and_o the_o water_n of_o dee_n which_o they_o possess_v and_o there_o appoint_v a_o kingdom_n which_o of_o the_o river_n cluda_n on_o who_o shore_n they_o dwell_v be_v of_o our_o countryman_n call_v struteluyd_v of_o marianus_n scotus_n corrupt_o streadiylead_v of_o the_o wallane_n they_o have_v many_o conflict_n against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o the_o same_o author_n report_v until_o at_o length_n their_o last_o king_n die_v at_o rome_n they_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o prince_n of_o gwynedh_n this_o marianus_n the_o chief_a historiographer_n of_o his_o time_n one_o of_o late_a have_v cause_v to_o set_v forth_o in_o print_n be_v imperfect_a and_o lack_v the_o better_a part_n of_o set_a purpose_n as_o himself_o confess_v because_o of_o the_o ambiguity_n of_o the_o british_a history_n in_o like_a manner_n sleydan_n while_o he_o turn_v his_o abbridgement_n of_o frossard_n into_o latin_a be_v too_o too_o much_o partial_a to_o the_o frenchman_n either_o overpass_v with_o silence_n the_o most_o noble_a &_o valiant_a deed_n of_o the_o englishman_n or_o vari_v from_o his_o author_n report_v they_o otherwise_o then_o frossard_n have_v write_v wherefore_o i_o seem_v that_o the_o say_v of_o martial_a the_o poet_n very_o well_o agree_v with_o they_o that_o which_o now_o thou_o do_v turn_v oh_o fidentine_n the_o book_n be_v i_o but_o when_o thou_o turn_v he_o ill_o then_o he_o begin_v for_o to_o be_v thou_o but_o this_o much_o by_o the_o way_n the_o last_o of_o the_o northumberlandshyreman_n and_o almost_o of_o all_o lhoëgr_n follow_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o lancashyre_n to_o be_v entreat_v of_o who_o the_o river_n call_v of_o the_o englishman_n merssee_n divide_v from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o march_n march._n of_o who_o the_o kingdom_n of_o march_n in_o england_n be_v so_o call_v it_o be_v soon_o prove_v out_o of_o ptolomaeus_n that_o these_o be_v call_v ordovici_fw-la in_o old_a time_n for_o the_o ordovici_fw-la say_v he_o lie_v more_o south-west_n than_o the_o brigant_n do_v since_o therefore_o that_o yorkeshyre_n be_v the_o kingdom_n of_o brigant_n in_o vain_a with_o boethius_n we_o seek_v they_o in_o scotland_n and_o much_o more_o in_o norfolk_n with_o polydorus_n wherefore_o renounce_v these_o fable_n for_o my_o part_n i_o be_o persuade_v that_o the_o ordovici_fw-la be_v not_o only_o the_o lancas_n hyreman_n but_o also_o the_o devani_n or_o ches_n hyreman_n and_o shrops_n hyreman_n be_v recompt_v of_o tacitus_n for_o a_o great_a city_n in_o this_o city_n place_n i_o call_v a_o city_n as_o caesar_n do_v a_o whole_a convent_n or_o kingdom_n for_o look_v how_o many_o city_n there_o be_v so_o many_o kyngedome_n in_o old_a time_n be_v in_o britain_n which_o several_o wage_a battle_n against_o the_o roman_n be_v all_o the_o soon_o overcummen_v among_o the_o city_n of_o these_o kingdom_n ptolomaeus_n recite_v mediolanun_n call_v now_o lancastre_n lancastre_n mancunium_n as_o appear_v out_o of_o antoninus_n be_v call_v manchestre_n their_o king_n in_o time_n past_a be_v cataracus_n manchester_n who_o fame_n be_v know_v above_o the_o sky_n who_o the_o space_n of_o nine_o continual_a year_n very_o much_o molest_v the_o roman_n with_o war_n at_o length_n be_v take_v by_o treason_n of_o a_o woman_n and_o lead_v to_o rome_n in_o triumph_n and_o claudius_n the_o emperor_n deserve_v no_o less_o praise_n for_o vanquishing_n cataracus_n then_o do_v scipio_n for_o syphax_n or_o lucius_n paulus_n for_o perses_n as_o tacitus_n write_v two_o most_o puissant_a king_n bring_v home_o in_o show_n to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o here_o can_v i_o not_o marvel_v enough_o what_o come_v in_o mind_n to_o that_o boëthius_n not_o the_o trojan_a but_o the_o scot_n for_o alas_o what_o one_o be_v he_o how_o far_o from_o that_o same_o hector_n sore_o he_o change_v be_v that_o in_o achilles_n spoil_n come_v home_o before_o impudent_o to_o affirm_v that_o he_o be_v a_o scot_n see_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o nation_n at_o that_o time_n in_o the_o world_n but_o if_o there_o be_v it_o be_v so_o enfold_v in_o darkness_n that_o it_o be_v unknown_a to_o the_o roman_n and_o britain_n or_o as_o haymo_n armenius_n write_v of_o a_o certain_a nation_n it_o have_v so_o blear_v the_o eye_n of_o all_o people_n and_o country_n that_o the_o scot_n be_v invisible_o conversant_a between_o the_o roman_n and_o britain_n polydorus_n also_o write_v that_o he_o be_v king_n of_o the_o ordulacae_fw-la when_o neither_o tacitus_n nor_o ptolomaeus_n mention_v the_o same_o but_o 12_o of_o the_o ordovici_fw-la and_o tacitus_n report_v that_o he_o be_v not_o only_a governor_n of_o the_o ordovici_fw-la but_o also_o of_o the_o siluri_n which_o siluri_n dwell_v not_o in_o scotland_n siluri_n but_o in_o southwales_n as_o in_o another_o place_n it_o shall_v be_v prove_v more_o plain_o and_o i_o remember_v very_o well_o that_o a_o few_o year_n ago_o when_o i_o be_v in_o the_o frontir_v of_o shrops_n hire_n with_o other_o about_o certain_a business_n of_o my_o lord_n the_o right_a honoble_a earl_n of_o arundel_n where_o some_o part_n of_o his_o inheritance_n lie_v i_o chance_v to_o fall_v into_o the_o view_n of_o a_o place_n exceed_o well_o fortify_a both_o by_o nature_n &_o art_n the_o situation_n whereof_o be_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n environ_v with_o a_o triple_a ditch_n of_o great_a depth_n there_o be_v iij._o gate_n not_o direct_o but_o a_o shoshe_fw-mi the_o one_o against_o the_o other_o and_o on_o three_o side_n steep_v headlong_o place_n and_o compass_v with_o two_o river_n on_o the_o lift_v hand_n with_o colun_n or_o clun_n on_o the_o right_n with_o themis_n which_o our_o countryman_n call_v tevidia_fw-la and_o accessible_a but_o on_o the_o one_o side_n thereof_o these_o thing_n when_o i_o behold_v i_o understand_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o this_o place_n be_v call_v caër_fw-la caradoc_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o city_n caradoc_n and_o that_o there_o have_v be_v many_o fierce_a battle_n fight_v there_o against_o a_o certain_a king_n call_v caradoc_n who_o at_o last_o be_v vanquish_v and_o take_v of_o his_o enemy_n for_o our_o countryman_n ca●_n not_o only_o wall_v city_n &_o town_n but_o also_o all_o manner_n place_n which_o be_v entrench_v and_o wall_v by_o the_o name_n caër_fw-la as_o i_o will_v prove_v afterward_o by_o

know_v not_o only_o to_o be_v the_o head_n of_o tegenia_n but_o also_o the_o whole_a shire_n after_o the_o description_n of_o gwynedh_n powisia_n let_v we_o now_o come_v to_o powy_n the_o second_o kingdom_n of_o wales_n which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o german_a altisiodorensis_n which_o preach_v sometime_o there_o against_o pelagius_n heresy_n be_v of_o power_n â–ª_o as_o be_v gather_v out_o of_o his_o life_n the_o king_n whereof_o as_o be_v there_o read_v because_o he_o refuse_v â–ª_o to_o hear_v that_o good_a man_n by_o the_o secret_a and_o terrible_a judgement_n of_o god_n with_o his_o palace_n and_o all_o his_o household_n be_v swallow_v up_o into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o that_o place_n whereas_o not_o far_o from_o oswastry_n be_v now_o a_o stand_v water_n of_o a_o unknown_a depth_n call_v lhunclys_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o devour_n of_o the_o palace_n and_o there_o be_v many_o church_n find_v in_o the_o fame_n province_n dedicate_v to_o the_o name_n of_o german_a the_o city_n of_o schreusbury_n in_o old_a time_n be_v the_o prince_n seat_n of_o this_o kingdom_n but_o when_o the_o englishman_n have_v take_v it_o it_o be_v translate_v to_o mathraval_a a_o place_n five_o mile_n from_o pole_n of_o powy_n this_o region_n have_v on_o the_o northside_n gwynedh_n on_o the_o east_n from_o chestre_n unto_o herford_n england_n on_o the_o south_n &_o west_n the_o river_n wey_n and_o very_o high_a hill_n whereby_o it_o be_v disjoin_v from_o southwales_n and_o because_o the_o land_n be_v plain_a and_o near_o to_o england_n and_o much_o vex_v with_o continual_a war_n by_o englishman_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o norman_n this_o part_n of_o wales_n do_v first_o experiment_n the_o yoke_n of_o english_a subjection_n which_o brood_v stout_a man_n and_o such_o who_o nature_n can_v not_o abide_v to_o be_v at_o rest_n but_o give_v to_o murder_n and_o excursion_n not_o only_o procure_v infinite_a trouble_n unto_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o wrought_v also_o great_a injury_n unto_o their_o neighbour_n the_o welshman_n but_o afterward_o be_v part_v between_o two_o brother_n as_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o britain_n it_o begin_v to_o wax_v weak_a and_o the_o part_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o northside_n of_o tanat_n murnia_n and_o severn_v befall_v unto_o madoc_n whereof_o it_o be_v call_v powy_n fadoc_n the_o other_o part_n come_v both_o in_o name_n and_o possession_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n the_o first_o lose_v the_o name_n of_o powy_n for_o be_v subdue_v by_o the_o norman_n it_o come_v into_o the_o power_n and_o right_a of_o the_o conqueror_n the_o first_o region_n thereof_o mailor_n be_v divide_v into_o twain_o by_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi namely_o the_o saxon_a and_o welsh_a whereof_o the_o first_o appertain_v unto_o flyntshyre_n and_o the_o other_o unto_o denbyghshyre_n in_o the_o which_o stand_v the_o castle_n of_o lion_n lion._n now_o common_o call_v holt._n and_o not_o far_o from_o thence_o be_v see_v the_o rubbish_n and_o relic_n of_o the_o most_o notable_a and_o famous_a monastery_n of_o banchor_n while_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o britain_n flourish_v in_o the_o same_o be_v two_o thousand_o &_o one_o hundred_o monk_n very_o well_o order_v &_o learned_a and_o divide_v into_o seven_o sort_n daily_o serve_v god_n among_o who_o those_o which_o be_v simple_a and_o unlearned_a by_o their_o handy_a labour_n provide_v meat_n and_o drink_v and_o apparel_n for_o the_o learned_a and_o such_o as_o apply_v their_o study_n and_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v remain_v they_o divide_v it_o unto_o the_o poor_a that_o place_n have_v send_v forth_o many_o hundred_o of_o excellent_o well_o learned_a man_n amongst_o who_o it_o have_v also_o vomit_v forth_o to_o the_o world_n the_o most_o detestable_a archeheretick_n pelagius_n and_o afterward_o through_o pelagius_n the_o envy_n and_o malice_n of_o augustine_n not_o the_o bishop_n of_o hippo_n but_o the_o most_o arrogant_a monk_n and_o the_o most_o cruel_a execution_n of_o his_o minister_fw-fr ethelfrede_fw-la worthy_a man_n of_o far_o more_o perfect_a order_fw-fr than_o he_o be_v of_o be_v make_v away_o and_o deed_n the_o whole_a house_n from_o the_o very_a foundation_n together_o with_o their_o most_o noble_a liberary_n more_o precious_a than_o gold_n be_v raise_v down_o and_o destroy_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n it_o be_v overlong_o to_o repeat_v what_o moonk_a latin_a and_o british_a chronicle_n do_v report_n of_o the_o intolerable_a pride_n of_o this_o man_n for_o when_o he_o sit_v in_o his_o regal_a seat_n disdain_v to_o rise_v up_o unto_o the_o british_a bishop_n which_o come_v unto_o he_o humble_o and_o meek_o as_o it_o become_v christian_n to_o do_v they_o behold_v the_o same_o both_o judge_v and_o say_v that_o he_o be_v not_o the_o minister_fw-fr of_o y_fw-fr most_o gentle_a and_o meek_a lamb_n christ_n but_o of_o lucifer_n as_o they_o have_v learn_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n &_o so_o they_o depart_v home_o again_o for_o which_o contempt_n and_o reproach_n and_o partly_o also_o because_o they_o agree_v not_o in_o some_o point_v with_o the_o archbishop_n of_o cantorbury_n which_o he_o have_v appoint_v &_o with_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n he_o so_o stir_v the_o hate_n of_o the_o englishman_n against_o they_o that_o short_o after_o as_o i_o say_v by_o ethelfred_n through_o the_o aid_n and_o help_v of_o ethelbert_n king_n of_o kent_n provoke_v thereto_o by_o augustine_n the_o mounkes_n which_o desire_v peace_n be_v most_o cruel_o slay_v and_o afterward_o the_o britain_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o brochwell_n king_n of_o powy_n be_v vanquish_v until_o that_o at_o length_n be_v aid_v with_o power_n from_o belthrusius_fw-la duke_n of_o cornwall_n caduane_a king_n of_o north-wales_n meredoc_n king_n of_o southwales_n and_o hearten_v forward_o by_o the_o oration_n of_o their_o most_o learned_a abbot_n dunetus_n dunetus_n who_o command_v as_o our_o chronacles_n report_n that_o every_o one_o shall_v kiss_v the_o ground_n in_o remembrance_n of_o place_n the_o communion_n of_o the_o body_n of_o our_o lord_n &_o shall_v take_v up_o water_n in_o their_o hand_n forth_o of_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi and_o drink_v it_o in_o commemoration_n of_o the_o most_o sacred_a blood_n of_o christ_n which_o be_v shed_v for_o they_o who_o have_v so_o communicate_v they_o overcome_v the_o saxon_n in_o a_o famous_a battle_n and_o slay_v of_o they_o as_o huntyngton_n write_v a_o thousand_o threescore_o and_o six_o and_o create_v carduanus_fw-la their_o king_n in_o the_o city_n of_o legion_n next_o ensue_v yale_n and_o chyrk_n hilly_a country_n in_o this_o last_o stand_v that_o antique_a castle_n which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v call_v brennus_n palace_n and_o these_o appertain_v unto_o denbighshyre_n but_o more_o to_o the_o north_n be_v stradalin_n so_o name_v of_o the_o river_n alyn_n and_o hope_v of_o fluitenshire_n towards_o schreusbury_n lie_v fitzalane_n whittington_n and_o oswastrey_n a_o noble_a market_n and_o enwall_v round_o at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o fitzalane_n a_o most_o ancient_a family_n of_o england_n who_o inheritance_n it_o be_v and_o these_o belong_v unto_o schropshire_n above_o these_o in_o the_o west_n be_v the_o edeirnion_n man_n join_v now_o unto_o the_o merionydh_fw-mi man_n upon_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi and_o all_o these_o at_o this_o present_n be_v call_v gwynedhij_fw-la or_o man_n of_o gwynedh_n for_o the_o name_n of_o the_o man_n of_o powis_n be_v perish_v amongst_o they_o the_o second_o region_n of_o powy_n contain_v the_o same_o province_n which_o now_o only_o enjoy_v the_o name_n of_o powy_n and_o sometime_o stretch_v very_o wide_a but_o now_o contain_v only_o three_o cantrede_n lie_v whole_o on_o the_o northside_n of_o the_o river_n severn_n which_o be_v the_o second_o river_n of_o severn_n britain_n fall_a from_o the_o high_a mountain_n of_o plymnonia_n and_o rise_v forth_o of_o the_o same_o head_n with_o wey_n and_o rhydwe_o and_o run_a throuhh_n arwistli_n and_o kedewen_v in_o powy_n make_v speed_n to_o schreusbury_n and_o so_o flow_v forward_o through_o brydgenorth_n worcestre_n and_o glocestre_n from_o which_o not_o far_o of_o it_o ebb_v and_o flow_v and_o between_o wales_n devonshyre_n and_o cornwall_n bear_v name_n of_o the_o severn_n sea._n our_o countryman_n term_v it_o hafren_n and_o not_o severn_v as_o the_o englishman_n do_v the_o chief_n town_n and_o king_n seat_n of_o powy_n call_v matrafal_n retain_v the_o ancient_a name_n howbeit_o the_o building_n be_v deface_v and_o wear_v and_o one_o mile_n from_o severn_n stand_v a_o town_n the_o only_a market_n of_o all_o that_o region_n of_o the_o englishman_n pole_n of_o the_o welshman_n call_v tralhung_a that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o town_n of_o the_o stand_v water_n so_o call_v of_o the_o lake_n whereto_o it_o be_v nigh_o where_o there_o stand_v aloft_o two_o castle_n build_v sometime_o by_o the_o prince_n of_o powy_n this_o princedom_n come_v by_o

¶_o the_o breviary_n of_o britain_n as_o this_o most_o noble_a and_o renown_a island_n be_v of_o ancient_a time_n divide_v into_o three_o kingdom_n england_n scotland_n and_o wales_n ▪_o contain_v a_o learned_a discourse_n of_o the_o variable_a state_n &_o alteration_n thereof_o under_o diverse_a as_o well_o natural_a as_o foreign_a prince_n &_o conqueror_n together_o with_o the_o geographical_a description_n of_o the_o same_o such_o as_o neither_o by_o elder_n nor_o late_a writer_n the_o like_a have_v be_v set_v forth_o before_o written_a in_o latin_a by_o humphrey_n lhuyd_v of_o denbigh_n a_o cambre_n britain_n and_o late_o english_v by_o thomas_n twine_v gentleman_n 1573._o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a edward_n deviere_n lord_n bulbeck_n earl_n of_o oxenford_n lord_n great_a chamberlain_n of_o england_n tho._n twine_n wish_v long_a life_n perfect_a health_n increase_n of_o honour_n and_o endless_a felicity_n nobility_n be_v a_o precious_a gift_n which_o so_o glitter_v in_o the_o eye_n of_o all_o man_n that_o there_o be_v no_o one_o corporal_a thing_n in_o this_o world_n whereof_o we_o make_v a_o great_a account_n for_o so_o be_v it_o esteem_v of_o all_o desire_v of_o all_o and_o reverence_v of_o al._n virtue_n say_v tul_o and_o before_o he_o plato_n if_o it_o may_v be_v see_v with_o our_o bodily_a eye_n doubtless_o it_o will_v procure_v marvellous_a love_n and_o good_a like_n unto_o itself_o the_o show_n thereof_o will_v appear_v so_o fair_a and_o amiable_a the_o unite_n of_o which_o two_o most_o noble_a grace_n with_o all_o other_o furniture_n of_o nature_n &_o fortune_n with_o in_o your_o person_n right_o honourable_a and_o my_o very_a good_a lord_n have_v so_o bend_v my_o judgement_n and_o bring_v i_o into_o such_o like_n &_o admiration_n thereof_o that_o i_o have_v rest_v no_o small_a time_n not_o only_o not_o satisfy_v in_o be_v one_o of_o the_o admiratour_n but_o also_o desierus_a to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o participatour_n of_o those_o your_o honour_n 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part_n your_o native_a soil_n so_o your_o duty_n bid_v you_o to_o defend_v and_o maintain_v it_o here_o on_o when_o your_o honour_n shall_v be_v at_o lee_n sure_a to_o look_v bestow_v such_o regard_n as_o you_o be_v accustom_v to_o do_v on_o book_n of_o geography_n history_n and_o other_o good_a learning_a wherein_o i_o be_o privy_a your_o honour_n take_v singular_a delight_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o you_o shall_v have_v cause_n to_o judge_v your_o time_n very_o well_o apply_v and_o so_o much_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o in_o the_o study_n of_o geography_n it_o be_v expedient_a first_o to_o know_v exact_o the_o situation_n of_o our_o own_o home_n where_o we_o a_o bide_v before_o that_o we_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o judge_v how_o other_o country_n do_v lie_v unto_o we_o which_o be_v far_o distant_a from_o we_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v a_o foul_a shame_n to_o be_v inquisitive_a of_o the_o state_n of_o foreign_a land_n and_o to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o our_o own_o as_o your_o honour_n be_v 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unskilfulness_n by_o conference_n whereof_o i_o be_v eftsoon_o drive_v from_o my_o determination_n for_o i_o perceive_v how_o dangerous_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v for_o i_o who_o god_n know_v be_o but_o a_o simple_a antiquary_n and_o but_o slender_o practise_v in_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o island_n to_o geve_v forth_o my_o absolute_a sentence_n in_o such_o matter_n as_o be_v in_o controversy_n not_o only_o amongst_o the_o most_o approve_a and_o best_a learned_a ancient_a writer_n in_o this_o behalf_n but_o also_o between_o such_o as_o have_v be_v very_o well_o see_v therein_o in_o our_o time_n whereof_o some_o be_v dead_a and_o some_o be_v yet_o live_v which_o i_o see_v that_o of_o necessity_n i_o must_v do_v as_o for_o this_o one_o example_n among_o many_o although_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o full_o agree_v upon_o what_o town_n in_o england_n the_o ancient_a name_n of_o caleva_n do_v signify_v and_o the_o place_n thereof_o be_v also_o as_o uncertain_a as_o upon_o which_o side_n of_o the_o thames_n it_o shall_v lie_v yet_o follow_v my_o author_n so_o near_o as_o i_o may_v i_o be_o enforce_v to_o determine_v some_o way_n i_o be_o sure_a not_o without_o mislike_v of_o many_o the_o like_a reprehension_n i_o have_v incur_v in_o the_o english_v of_o name_n of_o diverse_a place_n more_o some_o english_a some_o scottish_a but_o especial_o welsh_a or_o british_a in_o so_o much_o that_o i_o be_v determine_v to_o have_v set_v they_o down_o as_o i_o have_v find_v they_o in_o m._n lhuyd_n latin_a book_n which_o he_o for_o that_o he_o wroate_fw-mi in_o latin_a have_v so_o nigh_o as_o he_o can_v make_v they_o all_o latin_a word_n in_o sound_n &_o termination_n but_o be_v therein_o much_o lighten_v especial_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o rightworshipfull_a m._n doct._n yale_n of_o london_n i_o trust_v i_o have_v deserve_v less_o blame_n in_o that_o then_o in_o any_o other_o one_o part_n of_o my_o translation_n how_o be_v it_o for_o my_o little_a skill_n in_o that_o tongue_n i_o be_o the_o more_o i_o hope_v to_o be_v bear_v with_o all_o and_o where_o as_o the_o author_n in_o the_o latin_a copy_n recite_v the_o peculiar_a letter_n &_o the_o pronunciation_n of_o they_o with_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o british_a tongue_n in_o steed_n of_o a_o double_a letter_n as_o dd_v or_o a_o letter_n with_o a_o aspiration_n as_o lh_o will_v for_o brevety_n sake_n have_v they_o write_v with_o the_o same_o letter_n &_o a_o prick_n under_o the_o foot_n for_o want_n of_o the_o like_o letter_n we_o have_v throughout_o the_o whole_a work_n express_v the_o same_o to_o that_o very_a effect_n in_o the_o double_a letter_n or_o with_o aspiration_n from_o place_n to_o place_n where_o he_o have_v use_v the_o same_o under_o prick_v letter_n so_o that_o hereby_o save_v for_o his_o conceit_n of_o write_v there_o be_v no_o error_n commit_v at_o al._n and_o herein_o i_o think_v it_o needful_a to_o admonish_v thou_o moreover_o if_o there_o shall_v haply_o appear_v any_o fault_n by_o we_o now_o commit_v either_o in_o misname_a any_o person_n town_n or_o other_o thing_n wrong_n place_v of_o word_n evil_a allegation_n of_o writer_n alter_v of_o the_o author_n mean_v by_o false_a point_v one_o word_n put_v for_o a_o other_o or_o such_o like_a the_o truth_n whereof_o i_o can_v not_o exact_o try_v out_o by_o diligent_a animadversion_n or_o due_a conference_n in_o so_o short_a time_n i_o most_o hearty_o crave_v pardon_n and_o must_v needs_o impute_v the_o most_o part_n thereof_o unto_o the_o falseness_n a_o disordre_fw-fr of_o the_o latin_a copy_n print_v at_o colone_n who_o errata_fw-la be_v more_o than_o i_o have_v common_o see_v in_o a_o book_n of_o no_o great_a quantity_n &_o yet_o if_o the_o printer_n will_v have_v note_v all_o he_o shall_v have_v note_v twice_o so_o many_o as_o

building_n it_o begin_v to_o be_v call_v caërludd_n and_o lhundain_n that_o be_v to_o say_v lud_n city_n and_o also_o london_n and_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a how_o polydorus_n seek_v trinovantum_fw-la about_o northampton_n but_o the_o authority_n of_o sacred_a antiquity_n be_v of_o more_o force_n with_o i_o than_o any_o bare_a conjecture_n of_o a_o strange_a and_o unknown_a person_n we_o yield_v these_o name_n to_o london_n although_o ptolomaeus_n lay_v they_o near_o to_o the_o thames_n &_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o transcriber_n have_v call_v london_n a_o city_n of_o kent_n and_o marius_n niger_n afterward_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o great_a bosom_n for_o the_o other_o side_n the_o trinovamte_n do_v hold_v into_o the_o middle_n whereof_o the_o river_n thames_n do_v flow_v polydorus_n virgilius_n the_o vrbinate_a go_v about_o to_o prove_v out_o of_o tacitus_n by_o argument_n of_o little_a force_n that_o the_o trinobantes_n be_v inland_a people_n when_o as_o his_o reason_n seem_v to_o próove_v the_o contrary_n for_o where_o as_o he_o say_v if_o the_o trinobantes_n have_v be_v nigh_o london_n suetonius_n shall_v have_v have_v no_o self_n passage_n thither_o nay_o rather_o polydorus_n if_o it_o have_v be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o island_n it_o have_v be_v hard_a for_o he_o to_o have_v come_v to_o london_n through_o the_o thick_a of_o his_o enemy_n for_o his_o way_n lie_v through_o they_o from_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n from_o whence_o he_o come_v wherefore_o it_o be_v more_o likely_a that_o the_o trinobantes_n be_v inhabitant_n of_o essex_n as_o all_o save_v a_o few_o obscure_a and_o unknown_a writer_n do_v affirm_v who_o suppose_v that_o with_o the_o iceni_n their_o neigh_v bour_n which_o now_o be_v the_o people_n of_o norfolk_n and_o nordovolke_n they_o have_v conspire_v the_o death_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o have_v spoil_v with_o ●●er_n &_o sword_n all_o that_o ever_o be_v in_o their_o way_n unto_o verolanun_n s●ayinge_v threescore_o and_o ten_o thousand_o roman_n and_o be_v return_v back_o again_o self_n and_o sound_n before_o suetonius_n come_v as_o tacitus_n avouch_v and_o that_o their_o rage_n extend_v not_o unto_o london_n the_o cause_n be_v as_o the_o same_o author_n report_v for_o that_o london_n be_v a_o colony_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o a_o great_a mart_n city_n of_o they_o famous_a for_o plenty_n of_o travailer_n which_o resort_v thither_o for_o tra●aque_v of_o merchandise_n abound_v with_o victual_n and_o stout_o defense_v with_o munition_n and_o garrison_n against_o all_o adventure_n as_o all_o man_n do_v know_v hereby_o it_o appear_v how_o weak_a polydorus_n argument_n be_v especial_o who_o so_o well_o know_v that_o part_n of_o england_n and_o that_o london_n be_v the_o city_n trinovantum_fw-la which_o be_v afterward_o call_v augusta_n as_o marcellinus_n report_v with_o these_o reason_n be_v sufficient_o instruct_v i_o say_v that_o the_o trinobantes_n inhabit_v that_o part_n of_o britain_n which_o after_o the_o come_v of_o saxon_n make_v up_o their_o four_o kingdom_n which_o they_o call_v eastsaxons_n and_o another_o call_v midlesaxons_n who_o principal_a city_n be_v london_n at_o this_o day_n which_o sometime_o be_v under_o the_o king_n of_o the_o mercij_fw-la or_o march_n ptolomaeus_n mention_v asleep_o neither_o beside_o this_o city_n trinovantum_fw-la call_v camudolanum_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v all_o one_o with_o camalodunum_n as_o i_o judge_v by_o read_v roman_a history_n although_o ptolomaeus_n speak_v of_o camalodunum_n for_o it_o stand_v not_o far_o from_o the_o thames_n and_o be_v by_o claudius_n appoint_v the_o first_o colony_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o not_o near_o the_o brigant_n as_o polydorus_n much_o less_o in_o scotlan_n as_o boethius_n dream_v and_o for_o the_o more_o plainness_n hereof_o i_o think_v it_o good_a to_o bring_v forth_o the_o word_n of_o dion_n who_o have_v be_v sometime_o consul_n claudius_n after_o that_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o message_n forthwith_o commit_v the_o matter_n appertain_v to_o the_o city_n and_o the_o souldieurs_fw-fr to_o vitellius_n his_o college_n who_o consulship_n as_o also_o his_o own_o he_o have_v prorogue_v for_o six_o month_n long_a himself_o depart_v from_o rome_n to_o ostia_n where_o he_o take_v ship_n and_o arrive_v at_o massilia_n and_o take_v the_o residue_n of_o his_o journey_n partly_o by_o land_n and_o partly_o by_o water_n come_v too_o the_o ocean_n and_o pass_v over_o into_o britain_n and_o come_v to_o his_o army_n which_o lie_v by_o the_o thames_n look_v for_o he_o who_o when_o he_o have_v receive_v in_o charge_n he_o go_v over_o the_o water_n with_o certain_a barbarian_n which_o draw_v to_o he_o at_o his_o come_v ●e_z spread_v his_o banner_n fight_v and_o obtain_v the_o victory_n and_o win_v camalodunum_n the_o regal_a seat_n of_o cynobellinus_n and_o take_v many_o prisoner_n partly_o by_o force_n &_o partly_o by_o yield_v hereby_o it_o appear_v eviuident_o that_o camalodunum_n stand_v not_o far_o from_o the_o thames_n in_o which_o place_n ptolomaeus_n place_v camudolanun_n and_o i_o suppose_v that_o this_o be_v the_o colony_n of_o claudius_n cesar_n famous_a for_o the_o church_n which_o they_o call_v now_o colchestre_n the_o old_a name_n colchestre_fw-fr be_v make_v as_o i_o think_v by_o join_v the_o water_n and_o the_o church_n together_o a_o common_a custom_n among_o the_o britain_n as_o henlhan_n that_o be_v a_o old_a church_n lhanelwy_a a_o church_n stand_v upon_o the_o river_n elguen_n or_o the_o church_n elguen_n which_o the_o englishman_n and_o bishop_n now_o a_o day_n call_v but_o not_o well_o the_o see_v of_o s._n asaphe_n beside_o a_o infinite_a number_a more_o whereby_o i_o be_o persuade_v that_o those_o place_n which_o in_o latin_a begin_v or_o end_n in_o these_o termination_n lan_n or_o lam_n be_v of_o old_a so_o term_v of_o church_n in_o the_o british_n tongue_n moreover_o out_o of_o this_o place_n of_o dion_n it_o be_v gather_v how_o much_o a_o man_n without_o shame_n that_o polydorus_n virgillius_fw-la be_v who_o doubt_v not_o to_o affirm_v reprove_v that_o claudius_n caesar_n vanquish_v the_o britain_n without_o any_o battle_n &_o most_o imputent_o call_v they_o dastard_n who_o caesar_n himself_o tacitus_n dion_n &_o herodian_a term_v by_o these_o name_n most_o warlike_a cruel_a bloodthirsty_a impatient_a both_o of_o bondage_n &_o injury_n but_o a_o infamous_a beggage_n groom_n full_o fraught_v with_o envy_n &_o hatred_n what_o dare_v he_o not_o do_v or_o say_v i_o omit_v his_o schoolmaster_n boethius_n who_o beside_o these_o lie_n speak_v of_o a_o mighty_a war_n which_o claudius_n make_v upon_o the_o people_n of_o the_o orchades_n affirm_v the_o same_o to_o be_v true_a too_o too_o impudent_o for_o thou_o may_v easy_o judge_v good_a reader_n how_o much_o land_n and_o sea_n the_o roman_a emperor_n with_o a_o great_a army_n can_v march_v over_o in_o xuj_o day_n only_o during_o which_o time_n he_o abide_v in_o britain_n when_o tacitus_n also_o a_o most_o faithful_a writer_n affirm_v that_o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o agricola_n the_o island_n of_o britain_n be_v know_v and_o the_o isle_n call_v orchades_n be_v orchades_n then_o unknown_a but_o first_o find_v out_o and_o subdue_v by_o he_o this_o dion_n testify_v to_o be_v true_a in_o the_o life_n of_o titus_n the_o emperor_n neither_o speak_v suetonius_n against_o it_o where_o he_o say_v that_o claudius_n tarry_v in_o britain_n but_o a_o very_a few_o day_n howbeit_o eutropius_n and_o after_o he_o orosius_n seem_v to_o think_v otherwise_o not_o know_v exact_o how_o far_o distant_a the_o orchades_n be_v from_o kent_n but_o since_o reason_n and_o truth_n certain_o persuade_v we_o to_o the_o contrary_a let_v we_o stick_v unto_o they_o as_o unto_o two_o most_o faithful_a guide_n neglect_v the_o judgement_n of_o polydorus_n with_o his_o hector_n next_o to_o the_o trinovante_n be_v the_o iceni_n who_o i_o suppose_v to_o have_v inhabit_v that_o region_n which_o make_v the_o five_o kingdom_n of_o german_n which_o be_v the_o east_n englisman_n and_o their_o city_n venta_n which_o now_o of_o the_o englishman_n be_v call_v northwe●_n and_o i_o be_o privy_a also_o northwey_n that_o there_o be_v think_v to_o be_v other_o iceni_n in_o the_o west_n but_o i_o think_v it_o more_o probable_a that_o these_o iceni_n be_v put_v for_o tigeni_n of_o who_o i_o will_v speak_v hereafter_o and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o east_n englishmen_n comprehend_v not_o only_o the_o iceni_n but_o also_o cambridgshyre_n who_o chief_a city_n in_o old_a time_n the_o britain_n call_v grantcester_n caërgrawnt_v the_o englishman_n grantcester_n of_o the_o water_n that_o pass_v high_a but_o now_o corrupt_o be_v common_o call_v cambridge_n cambridge_n and_o be_v a_o noble_a university_n wherein_o flourish_v all_o good_a learning_n willow_n not_o far_o of_o be_v the_o isle_n of_o wyllowe_n not_o of_o eel_n as_o some_o have_v write_v for_o helig_v

nothing_o trouble_v with_o hunger_n nor_o cold_a neither_o weary_a with_o martial_a affair_n neither_o fall_n into_o desperation_n by_o adversity_n but_o soon_o ready_a to_o rise_v up_o after_o a_o fall_n and_o press_v by_o and_o by_o again_o to_o assay_v the_o peril_n of_o war_n as_o in_o battle_n easy_a so_o in_o continuance_n of_o war_n hard_a to_o be_v overcome_v whereby_o claudianus_n seem_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o same_o nation_n say_v if_o that_o their_o heart_n you_o let_v a_o while_n 2._o to_o rest_v so_o many_o slaughter_n they_o devoid_a of_o sense_n do_v seem_v to_o take_v and_o of_o small_a price_n the_o loss_n of_o so_o much_o blood_n to_o deem_v thus_o much_o he_o and_o more_o which_o short_o god_n willing_a shall_v be_v set_v forth_o now_o let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o description_n of_o the_o land_n this_o land_n after_o the_o british_a destruction_n wales_n be_v divide_v into_o six_o region_n as_o i_o read_v of_o late_a in_o a_o very_a ancient_a book_n write_v of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o britain_n for_o say_v that_o book_n after_o that_o the_o saxon_n have_v vanquish_v the_o britain_n &_o obtain_v the_o sceptre_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o crown_n of_o london_n all_o the_o people_n of_o wales_n assemble_v together_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n devey_v to_o choose_v a_o king_n and_o yno_o i_o doethant_a gwyr_n gwynedh_fw-mi à_fw-fr gwyr_n powy_n a_o gwyr_n deheubarth_n à_fw-fr reynnwc_n ac_fw-la esylluc_n à_fw-la morganuc_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v and_o thither_o come_v man_n of_o gwynedh_n and_o man_n of_o powy_n and_o man_n of_o deheubarth_n and_o of_o reynnucia_n and_o of_o syllucia_n and_o morgania_n &_o they_o choose_v maylgun_v who_o other_o call_v maclocunius_fw-la of_o ▪_o gwynedh_n to_o be_v their_o king_n this_o be_v about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n ●60_n howbeit_o afterward_o in_o the_o lamentable_a conflict_n against_o ethelfredus_n king_n of_o northumberland_n be_v recite_v the_o king_n of_o dynetia_n which_o false_o they_o call_v demetia_n of_o guenta_fw-la of_o powysia_n and_o of_o north-wales_n and_o in_o another_o place_n ●ention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o king_n of_o stra_n 〈…〉_o cluyde_v so_o that_o hereby_o it_o be_v easy_o 〈…〉_o ered_a that_o this_o country_n be_v subject_a 〈…〉_o ivers_n petikinge_n or_o earl_n unto_o rodericu●_n 〈…〉_o e_o of_o roderike_n the_o great_a who_z ob_fw-la 〈…〉_o the_o monarchy_n of_o all_o wales_n the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 843._o divide_v it_o into_o three_o part_n which_o he_o leave_v in_o possession_n of_o his_o three_o son_n for_o unto_o meruinius_fw-la as_o gyraldus_n term_v he_o to_o who_o i_o consent_v his_o elder_a son_n he_o give_v gwynedh_n to_o anaraudus_fw-la who_o some_o make_v the_o elder_a powy_n &_o to_o cadelhus_fw-la the_o young_a deheubarth_n and_o that_o i_o may_v use_v the_o word_n of_o gyldas_n southwales_n be_v allot_v to_o cadelhus_fw-la with_o the_o blessing_n and_o goodwill_n of_o all_o the_o people_n which_o they_o call_v deheubarth_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o the_o right_a side_n which_o although_o in_o quantity_n it_o be_v far_o the_o big_a notwithstanding_o by_o reason_n of_o noble_a man_n which_o in_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n be_v call_v vchelwyr_n that_o be_v to_o say_v high_a man_n wherewith_o it_o abound_v which_o be_v wont_a to_o rebel_v against_o their_o lord_n &_o to_o defy_v they_o in_o armour_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o worse_a this_o division_n whilst_o their_o posterity_n contend_v among_o themselves_o in_o civil_a war_n and_o each_o of_o they_o alone_o with_o the_o englishman_n in_o external_a at_o last_o destroy_v the_o kingdom_n of_o wales_n the_o chief_a of_o these_o kingdom_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v gwynedh_n englishmen_n north-wales_n &_o the_o latin_a writer_n corrupt_o venodotia_n have_v in_o venodotia_n ancient_a time_n these_o limit_n on_o the_o west_n and_o north_n side_n it_o have_v vergivium_fw-la or_o the_o irish_a ocean_n at_o the_o south-west_n and_o by_o south_n the_o river_n devye_fw-mi whereby_o it_o be_v cut_v of_o from_o southwales_n on_o the_o south_n and_o east_n side_n it_o be_v sever_v from_o powy_n and_o england_n with_o high_a hill_n and_o sometime_o with_o water_n unto_o the_o force_n of_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi the_o same_o also_o be_v part_v into_o four_o region_n which_o contain_v fifteen_o cantredi_n which_o signify_v a_o hundred_o village_n the_o principal_a of_o these_o region_n be_v the_o i_o will_v of_o anglysey_n of_o who_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o another_o place_n &_o in_o the_o same_o be_v a_o king_n palace_n the_o seat_n of_o north-wales_n in_o aberfraw_n whereof_o the_o king_n of_o gwynedh_n have_v the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n of_o aberfraw_n for_o in_o the_o law_n of_o howel_n dha_n that_o be_v to_o say_v good_a howel_n of_o wall_n both_o king_n and_o lawyer_n which_o i_o have_v see_v write_v both_o in_o the_o british_a and_o latin_a tongue_n it_o be_v decree_v that_o like_o as_o the_o king_n of_o aberfraw_n aught_o to_o pay_v threescore_o and_o three_o pound_n for_o tribute_n unto_o the_o king_n of_o london_n so_o likewise_o the_o king_n of_o dinesur_n a_o matrafall_n be_v several_o bind_v to_o pay_v so_o much_o whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o wales_n king_n be_v the_o chief_a prince_n of_o all_o wales_n about_o anglysey_n be_v diverse_a little_a land_n as_o ynis_n adar_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o i_o will_v of_o bird_n sometime_o but_o now_o it_o be_v call_v ynis_n moylrhoniay_v to_o wit_n the_o i_o will_v of_o whale_n in_o english_a ysterisd_v also_o ynis_n lygod_n that_o be_v the_o i_o will_v of_o mouse_n and_o the_o i_o will_v seirial_n in_o english_a preêstholme_n the_o second_o region_n of_o gwynedh_n call_v arfon_n as_o who_o shall_v say_v above_o anglysey_n the_o best_a fortify_v part_n of_o all_o wales_n for_o it_o centeyn_v the_o high_a mountain_n and_o rock_n of_o all_o britain_n which_o we_o term_v yriri_fw-la the_o englishman_n snowdowne_n because_o they_o carry_v snow_n for_o height_n and_o plenty_n of_o cattle_n scarce_o inferior_a to_o the_o alps_n it_o have_v in_o it_o many_o river_n and_o stand_v water_n beyond_o who_o far_a promontory_n call_v lhynus_fw-la lie_v a_o i_o will_v which_o ptolomaeus_n term_v lymnos_n our_o countryman_n eulhi_n the_o englishman_n bardesey_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o i_o will_v of_o the_o bardi_n in_o arfon_n overagain_o anglysey_n stand_v a_o ancient_a city_n call_v of_o the_o roman_n segontium_n of_o the_o britain_n caërsegont_a of_o a_o river_n which_o pass_v thereby_o but_o now_o out_o of_o the_o ruin_n thereof_o there_o be_v a_o new_a town_n and_o a_o castle_n found_v by_o edward_n the_o first_o of_o 1._o that_o name_n king_n of_o england_n call_v caër_fw-la arfon_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o town_n upon_o anglysey_n and_o not_o far_o from_o thence_o overagain_o anglysey_n lie_v the_o bishop_n see_v of_o banchor_n and_o upon_o conway_n water_n which_o there_o ebb_v 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it_o be_v worth_a the_o note_n that_o there_o be_v in_o that_o pond_n a_o peculiar_a kind_n of_o fish_n which_o be_v never_o find_v in_o the_o run_a water_n neither_o the_o salmon_n whereof_o the_o river_n be_v full_a do_v ever_o entre_fw-fr into_o the_o lake_n in_o this_o country_n and_o in_o arfon_n be_v see_v great_a multitude_n of_o dear_a and_o goat_n upon_o the_o high_a hill_n and_o these_o two_o country_n of_o all_o wales_n cam_fw-la last_o into_o the_o power_n of_o the_o englishmen_n neither_o do_v the_o people_n of_o this_o country_n ever_o frequent_a domestical_a incursion_n but_o before_o our_o time_n always_o seem_v to_o obey_v law_n rightful_o the_o far_a &_o last_o part_n of_o gwynedh_n be_v call_v of_o our_o countryman_n berfedhwlad_a that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o inward_a and_o midland_n region_n and_o be_v sever_v from_o

appear_v that_o through_o the_o default_n of_o writer_n &_o negligence_n of_o such_o as_o write_v afterwards_o among_o who_o livius_n even_o of_o the_o roman_n themselves_o be_v touch_v with_o want_n of_o trust_n many_o thing_n of_o great_a importance_n than_o the_o departure_n of_o brutus_n be_v yield_v to_o oblivion_n and_o although_o caesar_n call_v the_o britain_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o say_v bear_v in_o the_o same_o country_n where_o they_o dwell_v and_o diodorus_n siculus_fw-la say_v that_o they_o be_v from_o the_o beginning_n yet_o do_v i_o believe_v that_o brutus_n come_v into_o britain_n with_o his_o train_n of_o troyan_n and_o there_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n of_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n and_o of_o his_o own_o man_n &_o thereof_o be_v call_v britain_n for_o our_o countryman_n unto_o this_o day_n do_v call_v a_o britain_n brituun_v which_o word_n come_v not_o from_o the_o ancient_a name_n of_o the_o island_n prydain_n but_o from_o 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be_v now_o of_o all_o nation_n call_v england_n for_o when_o britain_n by_o maximus_n the_o tyrant_n be_v bereave_v of_o all_o the_o youth_n a_o great_a part_n whereof_o be_v slay_v with_o he_o at_o aquilaeia_n the_o residue_n stout_o invade_v and_o possess_v a_o part_n of_o france_n call_v armorica_n slea_a and_o drive_v thence_o the_o country_n dweller_n whereby_o that_o country_n at_o this_o day_n be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o less_o and_o the_o continent_n britain_n and_o here_o i_o must_v not_o let_v pass_n with_o silence_n that_o bede_n the_o englishman_n volaterranus_n and_o polydorus_n italian_n be_v shameful_o oversee_v in_o say_v that_o this_o island_n take_v his_o name_n of_o that_o other_o be_v evident_a to_o all_o man_n that_o the_o same_o be_v term_v armorica_n which_o in_o our_o tongue_n be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v upon_o the_o sea_n and_o this_o we_o britannia_n neither_o be_v there_o ever_o any_o of_o the_o ancient_a britain_n or_o briton_n in_o france_n 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howbeit_o our_o countryman_n say_v that_o the_o cornishmen_n and_o those_o be_v one_o nation_n cornishmen_n which_o both_o the_o king_n name_n be_v like_a in_o both_o country_n as_o conane_n meriadoc_n by_o which_o name_n a_o par_fw-fr cell_n of_o denbygh_a shire_n in_o north-wales_n be_v call_v to_o this_o day_n hoel_n alane_n theodore_n rywallone_n with_o diverse_a other_o and_o also_o the_o proper_a word_n and_o name_n for_o all_o thing_n almost_o one_o although_o in_o their_o join_a and_o construction_n of_o speech_n they_o seem_v a_o little_a to_o differ_v as_o it_o chance_v sometime_o in_o one_o country_n do_v prove_v manifest_o our_o countryman_n call_v it_o in_o their_o mother_n tongue_n lhydaw_n which_o word_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v derine_v from_o the_o latin_a word_n littus_n signify_v the_o shore_n as_o who_o shall_v say_v it_o be_v a_o country_n lie_v on_o the_o shore_n of_o france_n for_o like_a as_o the_o latin_n do_v change_v d._n in_o all_o our_o word_n into_o t_o even_o so_o our_o countryman_n do_v turn_v their_o t_o into_o d_o and_o do_v always_o in_o word_n which_o begin_v with_o l_o write_v they_o with_o aspiration_n as_o lhadron_n borrow_v the_o word_n latrones_fw-la from_o the_o latin_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o english_a thief_n but_o to_o return_v again_o from_o whence_o we_o have_v digress_v when_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o the_o youth_n of_o britain_n be_v lead_v by_o maximus_n into_o france_n &_o those_o that_o be_v leave_v at_o home_n be_v oppress_v by_o the_o most_o cruel_a and_o savage_a nation_n the_o redshank_n and_o scot_n look_v for_o no_o succour_n from_o the_o roman_n which_o be_v then_o otherwise_o busy_v about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 450._o they_o call_v saxon_n unto_o they_o the_o saxon_n which_o be_v then_o practise_v piracy_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o france_n and_o britain_n &_o give_v they_o wage_n to_o aid_v they_o and_o whereas_o some_o write_v that_o before_o that_o time_n the_o britain_n never_o know_v the_o saxon_n it_o may_v appear_v to_o be_v false_a out_o of_o sundry_a author_n for_o claudianus_n where_o he_o inveigh_v against_o eutropius_n speak_v of_o they_o in_o these_o word_n about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 400._o what_o i_o may_v do_v since_o thou_o my_o prince_n have_v be_v thing_n not_o far_o hence_o can_v show_v for_o tethis_n do_v begin_v to_o wax_v more_o mild_a since_o saxon_n thou_o have_v quail_v etc_n etc_n likewise_o of_o the_o fort_o consulship_n of_o honorius_n the_o orchades_n be_v wet_a with_o blood_n of_o saxon_n slay_v and_o in_o another_o place_n britayn_n speak_v and_o i_o she_o say_v with_o country_n near_o about_o who_o be_v destroy_v almost_o defence_v well_o have_v stilico_n by_o who_o help_n now_o it_o be_v that_o scottish_a war_n i_o do_v not_o doubt_v ne_o do_v i_o dread_v the_o pict_n ne_o do_v i_o fear_v the_o saxon_a rout_n by_o stand_a on_o the_o shore_n to_o see_v they_o come_v with_o doubtful_a wind_n etc_n etc_n also_o sidonius_n apollinaris_n which_o write_v about_o their_o come_n into_o england_n handsome_o describe_v their_o piracy_n in_o a_o epistle_n to_o lampridius_n we_o may_v behold_v the_o wannish_a saxon_n here_o use_v to_o the_o sea_n before_o to_o dread_v the_o shore_n from_o of_o who_o head_n where_o outward_a they_o appear_v their_o bit_n content_a to_o hold_v not_o any_o more_o the_o shire_n their_o top_n of_o hair_n do_v clip_v &_o shore_n so_o that_o their_o lock_n cut_v hard_a unto_o the_o skin_n do_v make_v their_o head_n decrease_v but_o face_n to_o win_v and_o in_o his_o panegiricus_n unto_o socer_fw-la but_o also_o the_o amorick_a coast_n the_o saxon_n piracy_n well_o hope_v for_o ▪_o to_o who_o the_o british_a salt_n but_o play_v it_o be_v all_o naked_a and_o with_o clout_a boat_n the_o graysh_a sea_n to_o pass_v moreover_o sextus_n rufus_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr notitia_fw-la provinciarum_fw-la of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o province_n speak_v of_o the_o earl_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n along_o both_o the_o britain_n these_o i_o say_v be_v sufficient_o know_v to_o the_o britain_n before_o they_o send_v they_o against_o the_o scot_n and_o redshank_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o hégischus_fw-la one_o hengischus_fw-la who_o when_o they_o have_v overcome_v they_o enter_v a_o traitorous_a league_n with_o they_o and_o like_o false_a man_n turn_v their_o face_n against_o their_o master_n and_o have_v slay_v the_o whole_a nobility_n of_o britain_n by_o craft_n at_o ambrose_n hill_n and_o send_n for_o aid_n from_o among_o the_o englishman_n and_o juthj_fw-la be_v germane_a they_o usurp_v the_o same_o country_n which_o we_o call_v lhoëgria_fw-la and_o after_o almost_o infinite_a battle_n they_o drive_v the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n into_o the_o end_n and_o edge_n of_o the_o island_n and_o part_v the_o same_o between_o themselves_o

divide_v it_o into_o many_o kingdom_n namely_o kent_n the_o south_n saxon_n the_o westsaxons_n the_o eastsaxons_n east_n englishmen_n the_o kingdom_n of_o march_n who_o lazius_n a_o man_n very_o well_o learned_a and_o well_o deserve_v of_o posterity_n in_o vain_a seek_v for_o in_o germany_n suppose_v the_o history_n of_o bede_n to_o be_v write_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o germany_n and_o not_o of_o england_n and_o northumberland_n which_o be_v also_o divide_v into_o twain_o bernicia_n and_o deira_n who_o king_n be_v pagan_n destroy_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n all_o church_n monastery_n and_o library_n and_o after_o that_o they_o have_v receive_v christianity_n by_o augustine_n the_o monk_n monk_n they_o fight_v many_o battle_n both_o among_o themselves_o and_o against_o the_o britain_n until_o that_o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o egbert_n lord_n 620._o egbert_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n be_v make_v monarch_n of_o all_o begin_v to_o rule_v alone_o and_o first_o of_o all_o command_v that_o the_o country_n shall_v be_v call_v england_n and_o the_o people_n englishmen_n englishmen_n be_v a_o very_a famous_a people_n of_o germany_n whereof_o the_o captain_n and_o chief_n of_o saxony_n as_o crantzius_n report_v be_v long_o time_n call_v captain_n of_o anglaria_n and_o there_o remain_v yet_o as_o i_o have_v read_v a_o castle_n where_o they_o sometime_o abode_n term_v now_o engern_n in_o the_o frontier_n of_o westphalia_n between_o osnabrugh_n and_o heruordia_n whereby_o it_o come_v that_o our_o countryman_n retain_v the_o first_o name_n do_v call_v all_o englishman_n saison_n and_o their_o tongue_n saissonaëg_n and_o know_v not_o what_o this_o word_n england_n or_o a_o englishman_n mean_v short_o after_o the_o dane_n over_o come_v the_o englishman_n &_o possess_v this_o land_n until_o the_o year_n of_o the_o incarnate_a bastard_n word_n 1066_o william_n bastard_n of_o normandy_n with_o his_o normans_n vanquishing_n both_o englishman_n and_o dane_n usurp_v the_o country_n from_o which_o stock_n almost_o the_o whole_a nobility_n of_o this_o realm_n unto_o this_o day_n do_v fetch_v their_o descent_n but_o let_v we_o return_v to_o lhoëgr_n which_o lhoëgr_n in_o time_n past_a be_v environ_v with_o the_o british_a ocean_n the_o river_n of_o severne_n dee_n and_o humber_n but_o now_o since_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n stretchefoorth_o beyond_o humber_n to_o twede_v we_o will_v also_o stretch_v forth_o the_o name_n of_o lhoëgr_n so_o far_o and_o although_o the_o englishman_n do_v possess_v beyond_o severn_n hereford_n shire_n the_o forest_n of_o deane_n and_o many_o other_o place_n yet_o we_o hold_v that_o they_o dwell_v in_o wales_n not_o in_o lhëogr_n and_o be_v take_v almost_o every_o where_o of_o all_o other_o englishman_n for_o welshman_n but_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi be_v account_v at_o this_o day_n one_o of_o the_o ancient_a bond_n save_v that_o in_o certain_a place_n both_o the_o people_n &_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n have_v encroach_v more_o into_o england_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o presuppose_v let_v we_o now_o descend_v to_o the_o particulared_a escription_n of_o lhoëgr_n or_o england_n in_o which_o the_o country_n call_v cantium_n of_o the_o roman_n of_o our_o countryman_n caint_v of_o englishmen_n kent_n come_v kent_n first_o unto_o our_o view_n from_o whence_o there_o be_v but_o a_o narrow_a cut_v over_o into_o france_n to_o the_o haven_n gessoriacus_n which_o be_v now_o term_v bollen_a as_o s._n rhenanus_fw-la gather_v out_o of_o the_o ancient_a chart_n of_o warly_a description_n and_o not_o only_a marcellinus_n amongst_o the_o old_a writer_n speak_v of_o the_o sea_n town_n of_o bollen_a in_o the_o life_n of_o julian_n the_o emperor_n but_o also_o in_o his_o panegiricus_n call_v constantinus_n the_o son_n of_o constantius_n these_o be_v find_v constantinus_n the_o father_n be_v make_v emperor_n at_o his_o first_o come_n with_o a_o innumerable_a fleet_n of_o enemy_n pen_v out_o the_o fierce_a ocean_n &_o environ_v army_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o town_n bollen_a etc_n etc_n coenalis_n affirm_v the_o haven_n gessoriacus_n be_v caslete_a of_o flanders_n which_o town_n stand_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n fourteen_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n sufficient_o declare_v the_o author_n unskilfulness_n and_o i_o take_v iccius_n to_o be_v the_o same_o haven_n which_o now_o they_o term_v caletum_n for_o calitium_fw-la calais_n but_o i_o can_v agree_v calais_n with_o those_o which_o make_v selusas_fw-la of_o flaunders_n to_o be_v iccius_n be_v unlike_a that_o the_o roman_n will_v have_v use_v so_o long_o a_o course_n by_o sea_n when_o they_o may_v have_v pass_v over_o soon_o &_o more_o commedious_o from_o that_o place_n there_o be_v in_o kent_n in_o old_a time_n three_o famous_a port_n well_o know_v to_o the_o roman_n doris_n rhutupis_n and_o lemanis_n doris_n undoubted_o be_v the_o same_o which_o both_o englishman_n and_o britain_n reserve_v the_o ancient_a name_n at_o this_o day_n do_v call_v dover_n for_o we_o call_v water_n dover_n dour_a or_o duúr_n and_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o the_o dovarians_n stout_o defend_v that_o their_o town_n heretofore_o be_v call_v rutupium_n and_o that_o aruiragus_n king_n of_o britain_n build_v there_o a_o noble_a castle_n yet_o i_o have_v rather_o give_v credit_n to_o antoninus_n who_o speak_v of_o both_o and_o i_o suppose_v that_o to_o be_v rutupium_n which_o of_o the_o englishman_n be_v call_v repcestre_n nigh_o sandwiche_n not_o far_o from_o the_o isle_n of_o thanat_n for_o that_o i_o land_n we_o call_v thanat_n ynys_n rhuochym_n as_o much_o to_o say_v rutupina_n whereof_o the_o shore_n deserve_v to_o be_v term_v rutupinum_n and_o the_o porte_fw-fr rutupis_n lemanis_n or_o as_o some_o call_v it_o linienus_fw-la be_v that_o river_n which_o be_v now_o call_v amongst_o the_o englishman_n rotler_n rotler_n and_o flow_v into_o the_o ocean_n sea_n nigh_o apuldore_v moreover_o beside_o sea_n these_o famous_a port_n be_v rye_n and_o wynchelsea_n two_o town_n &_o far_a within_o the_o main_n land_n durobrevis_fw-la and_o durovernum_fw-la the_o same_o englishman_n do_v call_v cantorbury_n that_o be_v to_o say_v cantorburie_n the_o court_n of_o the_o kentyshman_n and_o with_o we_o caërgant_n and_o be_v chief_a metropolitant_a sea_n of_o all_o england_n and_o wales_n the_o tother_o be_v term_v rofcester_n but_o antoninus_n place_v vagniacum_n between_o london_n and_o dorovernum_fw-la &_o between_o that_o and_o durovernum_fw-la durolernum_fw-la but_o what_o name_v they_o have_v at_o this_o day_n i_o be_o not_o altogether_o ignorant_a howbeit_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o these_o town_n take_v their_o name_n of_o water_n which_o be_v duur_n in_o british_a and_o duriverne_v amongst_o we_o plain_o signify_v water_n which_o flow_v out_o of_o a_o place_n where_o alder_n grow_v whereby_o i_o be_o persuade_v that_o the_o same_o town_n in_o time_n pass_v thereof_o obtain_v his_o name_n but_o before_o i_o depart_v forth_o of_o kent_n i_o must_v brief_o touch_v that_o great_a will_v whereof_o both_o british_a and_o english_a writer_n have_v speak_v the_o britain_n call_v it_o coëd_v andr_v but_o the_o englishman_n andedreswald_n and_o huntingdon_n affirm_v that_o it_o contain_v in_o length_n one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n thirty_o mile_n and_o that_o the_o worthy_a city_n call_v caër_fw-la andr_v and_o andredecester_n stand_v therein_o which_o dalla_n king_n of_o the_o southsaxons_n utter_o overthrow_v so_o that_o there_o remain_v no_o token_n nor_o rubbish_n thereof_o the_o kentishman_n and_o southsaxons_n to_o this_o day_n do_v call_v a_o place_n where_o wood_n have_v be_v walden_n walden_n not_o know_v for_o all_o that_o whence_o the_o word_n be_v derive_v when_o other_o but_o false_o call_v it_o welden_v other_o wylden_n for_o the_o english_a saxon_n call_v a_o wood_n walden_n as_o the_o german_n do_v now_o term_v a_o plain_n without_o tree_n wolden_a as_o in_o these_o word_n cottiswolden_a and_o pork_n will_v it_o appear_v next_o unto_o the_o kentishman_n on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o thames_n be_v those_o which_o in_o time_n past_a be_v the_o second_o kingdom_n of_o southsaxson_n and_o be_v term_v southsaxon_n but_o be_v now_o divide_v into_o two_o shire_n southsex_n and_o southtrey_n and_o i_o be_o of_o belief_n that_o neomaguin_n be_v their_o city_n where_o chichester_n gylford_n now_o stand_v chichester_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o southsaxons_n be_v call_v caërceri_fw-la in_o british_a after_o these_o come_v the_o atrabates_n which_o now_o be_v call_v the_o people_n of_o barkshyre_n who_o principal_a city_n in_o old_a time_n be_v call_v walingford_n caleva_n but_o now_o walyngford_n wherein_o i_o can_v consent_v to_o those_o which_o call_v oxford_n caleva_n stand_v on_o the_o north_n shore_n of_o the_o thames_n there_o be_v also_o a_o village_n name_v cilcester_n not_o far_o from_o basinge_v which_o before_o time_n be_v call_v caërsegent_n and_o segontium_n of_o

arfon_n by_o the_o river_n conway_n of_o who_o antoninus_n &_o ptolomaeus_n do_v speak_v under_o the_o name_n of_o novius_fw-la in_o this_o beside_o the_o forename_a river_n stand_v a_o most_o antique_a city_n of_o the_o britain_n call_v dyganwy_n in_o rosse_n of_o the_o englishman_n gannock_n &_o ▪_o famous_a in_o tacitus_n by_o the_o name_n of_o cangorum_fw-la whereof_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n be_v call_v of_o the_o roman_n cangi_n and_o ptolomaeus_n mention_v the_o promontory_n of_o the_o jangani_fw-la which_o they_o call_v now_o gogarth_n a_o place_n so_o fortify_v by_o nature_n that_o it_o can_v scarce_o be_v take_v by_o man_n strength_n this_o city_n as_o i_o say_v be_v the_o seat_n and_o palace_n of_o the_o late_a king_n of_o britain_n when_o as_o now_o their_o power_n begin_v to_o quail_v as_o namely_o of_o maylgun_v caduanus_fw-la cadwalla_n who_o bede_n term_v a_o most_o cruel_a tyrant_n because_o he_o persecute_v his_o enemy_n very_o fierce_o and_o of_o 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