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heir_n and_o there_o be_v no_o direction_n give_v in_o the_o say_a commission_n touch_v the_o tenure_n to_o be_v reserve_v there_o be_v letter_n patent_n by_o colour_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n pass_v unto_o a._n and_o his_o heir_n to_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n as_o of_o his_o majesty_n castle_n of_o dublin_n here_o it_o be_v agree_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o the_o letter_n patent_n be_v void_a as_o to_o the_o tenure_n and_o that_o the_o commissioner_n have_v act_v beyond_o their_o commission_n in_o reserve_v a_o mean_a tenure_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o king_n when_o they_o ought_v either_o to_o have_v reserve_v a_o express_a tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o have_v mention_v no_o tenure_n at_o all_o but_o have_v leave_v the_o law_n to_o imply_v a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o question_n therefore_o be_v whether_o the_o deficiency_n of_o the_o tenure_n do_v so_o far_o affect_v the_o grant_n as_o whole_o to_o destroy_v the_o letter_n patent_n 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&_o seqq_n a_o name_n not_o well_o agree_v with_o feodal_n servitude_n but_o it_o seem_v by_o divers_a abby-book_n that_o some_o estate_n for_o life_n which_o we_o call_v frank_n tenement_n be_v also_o put_v in_o writing_n especial_o among_o the_o latter_a saxon_n yet_o be_v not_o these_o account_v bocland_n for_o they_o be_v lade_v common_o with_o many_o feodal_n and_o ministerial_a service_n whereas_o bocland_n as_o i_o say_v be_v free_a from_o all_o service_n not_o hold_v of_o any_o lord_n the_o very_a same_o that_o allodium_fw-la descendable_a according_a to_o the_o common_a course_n of_o nation_n and_o of_o nature_n unto_o all_o the_o son_n and_o therefore_o call_v gavelkind_a not_o restrain_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n as_o feodal_a land_n be_v not_o at_o first_o but_o devisable_v also_o by_o will_n and_o thereupon_o call_v terrae_fw-la testamentales_fw-la as_o the_o thane_n that_o possess_v they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v testamento_fw-la dignus_fw-la folcland_n folcland_n be_v terra_fw-la vulgi_fw-la the_o land_n of_o the_o vulgar_a people_n who_o have_v no_o estate_n therein_o but_o hold_v the_o same_o under_o such_o rent_n and_o service_n as_o be_v accustom_v or_o agree_v of_o at_o the_o will_v only_o of_o their_o lord_n the_o thane_n and_o it_o be_v therefore_o not_o put_v in_o writing_n but_o account_v proedium_fw-la rusticum_fw-la &_o ignobile_fw-la but_o both_o the_o great_a and_o the_o lesser_a thanes_z which_o possess_v bocland_n or_o hereditary_a land_n divide_v they_o according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o their_o estate_n inland_a into_o two_o sort_n i_o e._n into_o inland_n and_o outland_n 864._o the_o inland_n be_v that_o which_o lie_v next_o or_o most_o convenient_a for_o the_o lord_n mansion-house_n as_o within_o the_o view_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o they_o keep_v that_o part_n in_o their_o own_o hand_n for_o supportation_n of_o their_o family_n and_o hospitality_n the_o norman_n afterward_o call_v these_o land_n terras_fw-la dominicales_fw-la the_o demain_v or_o lord_n land_n the_o german_n terras_fw-la indominicatas_fw-la land_n in_o the_o lord_n be_v own_o use_n the_o feudist_n terras_fw-la curtiles_n or_o intra_fw-la curtem_fw-la land_n appropriate_a to_o the_o court_n or_o house_n of_o the_o lord_n outland_n outland_n be_v that_o which_o lie_v beyond_o or_o out_o from_o among_o the_o inland_n or_o demean_n and_o be_v not_o grant_v out_o to_o any_o tenant_n hereditary_o but_o like_o our_o copy-holds_a of_o ancient_a time_n have_v their_o original_n from_o thence_o mere_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o lord_n cujacius_n 12._o speak_v of_o this_o kind_n of_o land_n call_v it_o proprium_fw-la feudum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v such_o land_n as_o be_v proper_o assign_v for_o feodal_n land_n proprium_fw-la feudum_fw-la est_fw-la say_v he_o extra_fw-la curtem_fw-la &_o consistit_fw-la in_o praediis_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v that_o land_n proper_o be_v a_o feud_n or_o feudal_n land_n which_o lie_v without_o the_o demain_v of_o the_o manor_n and_o consist_v in_o land_n not_o in_o house_n we_o now_o call_v this_o outland_n the_o tenant_n land_n or_o the_o tenancy_n and_o so_o it_o be_v translate_v out_o of_o biritrick_n will_n in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n 495._o this_o outland_n they_o subdivide_v into_o two_o part_n whereof_o one_o part_n they_o dispose_v among_o such_o as_o attend_v on_o their_o person_n either_o in_o war_n or_o peace_n call_v theoden_n or_o lesser_a thanes_z after_o the_o manner_n of_o knight_n fee_n but_o much_o differ_v from_o they_o of_o our_o time_n as_o by_o that_o which_o follow_v shall_v appear_v the_o other_o part_n they_o allot_v to_o their_o husbandman_n who_o they_o term_v ceorl_n that_o be_v carl_n or_o churl_n and_o of_o they_o we_o shall_v speak_v far_o by_o and_o by_o when_o we_o consider_v all_o the_o degree_n aforesaid_a beginning_n with_o the_o earl_n chap._n vi_o of_o earl_n among_o our_o saxon_n ancient_o a_o earl_n in_o the_o signification_n of_o comes_n be_v not_o original_o a_o degree_n of_o dignity_n as_o it_o be_v with_o we_o at_o this_o day_n but_o of_o office_n and_o judicature_n in_o some_o city_n or_o portion_n of_o the_o country_n circumscribe_v ancient_o with_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o that_o diocese_n for_o that_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o earl_n then_o sit_v together_o in_o one_o court_n and_o hear_v joint_o the_o cause_n of_o church_n and_o commonwealth_n as_o they_o yet_o do_v in_o parliament_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n the_o earl_n grow_v to_o have_v the_o government_n common_o of_o the_o chief_a city_n and_o castle_n of_o his_o territory_n and_o withal_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o king_n profit_n arise_v by_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n fines_n forfeiture_n escheat_n etc._n etc._n annex_v to_o the_o office_n of_o his_o earldom_n yet_o all_o this_o not_o otherwise_o than_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o king_n which_o common_o be_v upon_o good_a behaviour_n and_o but_o during_o life_n at_o most_o this_o be_v apparent_a by_o the_o severe_a injunction_n of_o king_n alfred_n the_o great_a labour_v 21._o to_o plant_v literature_n and_o knowledge_n among_o the_o ignorant_a earl_n and_o sheriff_n of_o his_o kingdom_n impose_v upon_o they_o that_o they_o shall_v forthwith_o in_o all_o diligence_n apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o study_n of_o wisdom_n and_o knowledge_n or_o else_o forgo_v their_o office_n herewith_o say_v asser_n menevensis_n who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n and_o be_v great_a with_o the_o king_n the_o earl_n and_o sheriff_n be_v so_o affright_v that_o they_o rather_o choose_v insuetam_fw-la disciplinam_fw-la quam_fw-la laboriose_fw-la discere_fw-la quam_fw-la potestatum_fw-la ministeria_fw-la dimittere_fw-la that_o be_v to_o go_v at_o last_o to_o the_o school_n of_o knowledge_n how_o painful_a soever_o rather_o than_o to_o lose_v their_o office_n of_o authority_n and_o degree_n of_o honour_n which_o alfred_n there_o also_o declare_v that_o they_o have_v not_o by_o inheritance_n but_o by_o god_n gift_n and_o he_o dei_fw-la say_v he_o ibid._n dono_fw-la &_o meo_fw-la sapientium_fw-la ministeria_fw-la &_o gradus_fw-la usurpatis_fw-la this_o be_v manifest_a by_o divers_a other_o authority_n and_o example_n in_o my_o glossary_n in_o verbo_fw-la comes_fw-la as_o the_o reader_n if_o he_o please_v may_v there_o see_v hereditary_a some_o conjecture_n that_o deira_n and_o bernicia_n in_o northumberland_n and_o mercia_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o england_n be_v feudal_n and_o hereditary_a earldom_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n those_o of_o northumberland_n present_o after_o their_o first_o arrival_n under_o hengistus_n about_o the_o year_n 447._o that_o of_o mercia_n by_o the_o gift_n of_o alfred_n the_o great_a about_o the_o year_n 900._o to_o ethelredus_fw-la a_o man_n of_o power_n in_o way_n of_o marriage_n with_o his_o daughter_n ethelfleda_n but_o for_o aught_o i_o see_v it_o be_v neither_o prove_v by_o the_o succession_n of_o those_o earldom_n nor_o our_o author_n of_o antiquity_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o think_v it_o not_o strange_a that_o there_o be_v not_o at_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o saxon_n a_o feudal_n and_o hereditary_a earldom_n in_o all_o christendom_n as_o for_o this_o our_o britain_n the_o misery_n of_o it_o than_o be_v such_o as_o it_o rather_o seem_v a_o anarchy_n and_o chaos_n than_o in_o any_o form_n of_o government_n little_o better_a even_o in_o alfred_n day_n through_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o dane_n though_o he_o at_o last_o subdue_v they_o for_o his_o time_n how_o soever_o three_o or_o four_o example_n in_o five_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o conquest_n differ_v from_o the_o common_a use_n be_v no_o inference_n to_o overthrow_v it_o especial_o in_o time_n unsettled_a and_o tumultuous_a the_o noble_a earldom_n of_o arundel_n in_o our_o day_n of_o peace_n differ_v in_o constitution_n from_o all_o the_o other_o earldom_n of_o england_n yet_o that_o impeach_v not_o their_o common_a manner_n of_o succession_n france_n loyseau_n âlt_n and_o pasquier_n learned_a frenchmen_n speak_v of_o the_o duke_n and_o earl_n of_o france_n which_o england_n ordinary_o follow_v and_o sometime_o too_o near_o the_o heel_n justify_v at_o large_a what_o i_o have_v say_v show_v the_o duke_n and_o earl_n in_o the_o roman_a empire_n from_o who_o example_n other_o every_o where_o be_v derive_v be_v like_o the_o proconsul_n and_o precedent_n of_o province_n simple_a officer_n who_o for_o their_o entertainment_n have_v nothing_o else_o but_o certain_a right_n and_o custom_n raise_v from_o the_o people_n which_o we_o in_o england_n call_v tertium_fw-la denarium_fw-la and_o that_o the_o duke_n and_o earl_n of_o france_n be_v officer_n in_o like_a manner_n but_o have_v the_o seigneurie_n of_o their_o territory_n annex_v to_o their_o office_n so_o that_o they_o be_v officer_n and_o vassal_n both_o at_o once_o that_o be_v to_o say_v officer_n by_o way_n of_o judicature_n and_o vassal_n who_o we_o call_v feodal_n tenant_n for_o their_o seignory_n of_o dukedom_n and_o
every_o 9_o eight_o hide_n or_o ploughland_n through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n shall_v find_v a_o man_n with_o a_o crosset_n and_o helmet_n to_o the_o naval_a expedition_n and_o every_o three_o hundred_o and_o ten_o plough-land_n a_o ordinary_a ship_n for_o these_o purpose_n triremem_fw-la be_v the_o whole_a land_n former_o divide_v either_o by_o alfred_n the_o great_a or_o some_o other_o precedent_a king_n into_o 243600._o hide_n or_o plough-land_n and_o according_a to_o this_o division_n be_v the_o military_a and_o other_o charge_n of_o the_o kingdom_n impose_v and_o proportion_v without_o ever_o any_o mention_n of_o tenor_n in_o âââite_n or_o by_o knight-service_n hence_o it_o rise_v that_o the_o saxon_a king_n in_o grant_v oâ_n land_n liberty_n and_o privilege_n unto_o ecclesiastical_a person_n and_o other_o be_v usual_o so_o careful_a in_o reserve_v expedition_n burghbote_n and_o brigbote_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n wither_a ..._o ina_n 227._o aethelbald_n 256._o aethelwulph_n 349._o edgar_n 433._o etc._n etc._n in_o the_o britain_n council_n as_o also_o in_o the_o charter_n here_o follow_v and_o in_o a_o multitude_n of_o other_o elsewhere_o beside_o neither_o do_v this_o military_a expedition_n otherwise_o at_o that_o time_n bind_v the_o saxon_n to_o a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o knight-service_n than_o it_o do_v we_o at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o naval_a expedition_n late_o now_o revive_v ãâ¦ã_z for_o better_a manifestation_n that_o thanelands_n be_v subject_a to_o no_o feudal_a service_n consider_v i_o pray_v you_o the_o word_n of_o the_o saxon_a passage_n before_o mention_v where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o a_o thane_n must_v have_v three_o hide_n at_o least_o of_o his_o agenes_n land_n i._n e._n of_o his_o own_o land_n not_o terrae_fw-la emphiteuticariae_fw-la or_o precariae_fw-la not_o usu-fructuariae_a or_o feodatariae_fw-la but_o as_o a_o latin_a copy_n have_v it_o terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la propriae_fw-la where_o the_o word_n propriae_fw-la carry_v another_o sense_n than_o be_v ordinary_o conceive_v as_o to_o signify_v in_o this_o place_n land_z wherein_o no_o other_o man_n have_v any_o interest_n by_o feodal_a superiority_n or_o dominion_n but_o whereof_o himself_o have_v meram_fw-la proprietatem_fw-la the_o sole_a and_o absolute_a propriety_n even_o the_o same_o alodium_n that_o be_v speak_v of_o in_o the_o report_n 29._o and_o which_o no_o man_n have_v or_o can_v have_v now_o at_o this_o day_n but_o the_o king_n land_n hold_v of_o no_o man_n in_o the_o feodal_a sense_n for_o the_o phrase_n of_o tenure_n be_v not_o then_o in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n nor_o tie_v any_o man_n to_o do_v any_o feodal_a service_n another_o old_a latin_n ms._n therefore_o recite_v the_o same_o saxon_a passage_n in_o these_o word_n si_fw-la villanus_fw-la so_o they_o at_o that_o time_n call_v a_o husbandman_n ita_fw-la crevisset_fw-la sua_fw-la probitate_fw-la quod_fw-la pleniter_fw-la haberet_fw-la quinque_fw-la hidas_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la proprio_fw-la alodio_fw-la etc._n etc._n dignus_fw-la erat_fw-la honore_fw-la liberalitatis_fw-la quod_fw-la angli_fw-la dicunt_fw-la ðanescipes_fw-la surðe_fw-la si_fw-la autem_fw-la liberalis_fw-la homo_fw-la 1._o ðegen_fw-mi thanus_n ita_fw-la profecisset_fw-la ut_fw-la regi_fw-la servisset_fw-la &_o vice_fw-la sua_fw-la equitaret_fw-la in_o missatico_n regis_fw-la hic_fw-la talis_fw-la si_fw-la haberet_fw-la alium_fw-la thanum_n sub_fw-la se_fw-la qui_fw-la ad_fw-la expeditionem_fw-la regis_fw-la quinque_fw-la hidas_fw-la teneret_fw-la &_o in_o aula_n regis_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la servisset_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o i_o must_v say_v with_o cujacius_n 166._o speak_v of_o the_o author_n of_o the_o second_o book_n of_o feud_n proprietatem_fw-la alias_o vocat_fw-la quod_fw-la hic_fw-la alodium_fw-la note_v thereby_o that_o proprietaâ_n and_o alodium_n be_v synonima_n signify_v land_n free_a from_o all_o feodal_a service_n and_o hold_v of_o no_o body_n yet_o in_o that_o sense_n alodium_n be_v here_o say_v to_o be_v terra_fw-la ad_fw-la expeditionem_fw-la regis_fw-la land_n oblige_v to_o the_o warfare_n of_o the_o king_n i_o must_v note_v also_o by_o the_o way_n that_o he_o that_o thus_o translate_v the_o saxon_a passage_n by_o the_o word_n qui_fw-la ad_fw-la expeditionem_fw-la regis_fw-la quinque_fw-la hidas_fw-la teneret_fw-la follow_v the_o manner_n which_o before_o we_o speak_v of_o in_o render_v saxon_a custom_n by_o norman_a phrase_n the_o reader_n perhaps_o will_v here_o understand_v teneret_fw-la in_o the_o feodal_a sense_n for_o to_o hold_v of_o his_o lord_n whereas_o in_o the_o saxon_a book_n the_o word_n be_v no_o otherwise_o than_o give_v he_o heâde_v i._n e._n if_o he_o have_v five_o hide_n of_o land_n so_o that_o teneret_fw-la here_o be_v no_o otherwise_o to_o be_v take_v than_o for_o possideret_fw-la to_o return_v to_o our_o purpose_n thaneland_n may_v no_o doubt_n be_v tie_v to_o do_v military_a service_n or_o knight-service_n and_o yet_o not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la or_o by_o knight-service_n for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o hold_v by_o knight-service_n and_o another_o to_o be_v tie_v to_o do_v it_o no_o man_n hold_v that_o have_v not_o tenementum_fw-la or_o tenementale_fw-la quiddam_fw-la but_o a_o man_n may_v be_v tie_v to_o do_v this_o military_a expedition_n for_o his_o personal_a estate_n though_o he_o have_v no_o land_n or_o for_o his_o very_a person_n itself_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o law_n of_o king_n ina_n cap._n 52._o where_o it_o be_v say_v give_v se_fw-la siðcundman_n etc._n etc._n if_o the_o sithcundman_n have_v land_n forbear_v to_o go_v the_o expedition_n he_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o land_n and_o 120s._o and_o if_o he_o have_v no_o land_n yet_o he_o shall_v forfeit_v 60s._o and_o a_o husbandman_n who_o if_o he_o have_v land_n be_v but_o tenant_n in_o socage_n according_a to_o our_o law_n 30s._o it_o appear_v also_o by_o many_o charter_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n that_o thane_n land_n be_v not_o feodal_n and_o that_o the_o military_a expedition_n mde_v no_o tenure_n by_o knight-service_n give_v i_o leave_v therefore_o to_o produce_v some_o of_o they_o that_o you_o may_v see_v thereby_o the_o use_n of_o those_o time_n and_o what_o the_o king_n themselves_o conceive_v therein_o chap._n ix_o charter_n of_o thaneland_n grant_v by_o saxon_a king_n not_o only_o without_o mention_n of_o tenure_n or_o feodal_n service_n but_o with_o all_o immunity_n except_o expedition_n etc._n etc._n eadwigus_n ego_fw-la eadwigh_n monarchiam_fw-la totius_fw-la britanniae_fw-la insulae_fw-la cum_fw-la superno_fw-la juvamine_fw-la obtinens_fw-la cuidam_fw-la meo_fw-la fideli_fw-la ministro_fw-la vocitato_n nomine_fw-la aelfwine_n dvas_fw-la mansas_fw-la &_o dimidiam_fw-la tribuo_fw-la perenniter_fw-la illic_fw-la ubi_fw-la antiquorum_fw-la hominum_fw-la relatu_fw-la nominatur_fw-la at_o schylfhinghatune_n habeat_fw-la quam_fw-la diu_fw-la vivat_fw-la &_o post_fw-la cui_fw-la voluerit_fw-la impertiat_fw-la cum_fw-la his_fw-la rebus_fw-la quae_fw-la sibi_fw-la rite_n pertinent_a tamburlaine_n in_o magnis_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o minimis_fw-la sit_fw-la haec_fw-la donatio_fw-la immunis_fw-la a_o servitute_fw-la mundana_fw-la excepto_fw-la illo_fw-la labour_v qui_fw-la communis_fw-la omni_fw-la populo_fw-la videtur_fw-la esse_fw-la not_o name_v expeditione_n etc._n etc._n but_o conclude_v si_fw-la quis_fw-la augeat_fw-la augeatur_fw-la si_fw-mi quis_fw-la minuat_fw-la careat_fw-la praemio_fw-la aeterno_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o here_o he_o be_v free_v a_o servitute_fw-la mundana_fw-la both_o great_a and_o small_a that_o be_v incident_a or_o inherent_a to_o the_o land_n by_o way_n of_o tenure_n and_o yet_o he_o be_v chargeable_a to_o military_a expedition_n and_o to_o the_o repair_n of_o bridge_n castle_n burrough_n and_o fortification_n but_o that_o not_o otherwise_o than_o as_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v charge_v as_o before_o we_o have_v show_v edgarus_n regnante_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la domino_fw-la nostro_fw-la etc._n etc._n ego_fw-la eadgarus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la caeterarumque_fw-la gentium_fw-la in_o circuitu_fw-la persistentium_fw-la gubernator_fw-la &_o rector_n cuidam_fw-la fideli_fw-la meo_fw-la ministro_fw-la vocato_fw-la nomine_fw-la alur_n modicam_fw-la muniminis_fw-la mei_fw-la partem_fw-la terrae_fw-la i._n e._n in_o dorset_n &_o tres_fw-la perticas_fw-la in_o illo_fw-la loco_fw-la ubi_fw-la anglica_n appellatione_fw-la dicitur_fw-la at_o lonk_n ut_fw-la habeat_fw-la ac_fw-la possideat_fw-la quamdiu_fw-la vivat_fw-la &_o post_fw-la se_fw-la unum_fw-la haeredem_fw-la quicunque_fw-la sibi_fw-la placuerit_fw-la derelinquat_fw-la sit_fw-la hoc_fw-la praedictum_fw-la rus_fw-la liberum_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la malorum_fw-la obstaculo_fw-la cum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la ad_fw-la rus_fw-la rite_n pertinentibus_fw-la campis_fw-la pascuis_fw-la pratis_fw-la sylvis_fw-la excepto_fw-la communi_fw-la labour_v expeditione_n pontis_fw-la &_o arcis_fw-la constructione_n si_fw-mi quis_fw-la vero_fw-la hominum_fw-la hanc_fw-la meam_fw-la donationem_fw-la cum_fw-la stultitiae_fw-la temeritate_fw-la jactando_fw-la infringere_fw-la tentaverit_fw-la sit_fw-la ipse_fw-la gravibus_fw-la per_fw-la colla_fw-la depressis_fw-la catenis_fw-la inter_fw-la flamivomes_fw-la tetrorum_fw-la doemonum_fw-la catervas_fw-la nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la ad_fw-la satisfactionem_fw-la emendare_fw-la voluerit_fw-la istis_fw-la terminis_fw-la haec_fw-la tellus_fw-la ambita_fw-la videtur_fw-la ðis_fw-la be_v þe_a landgemark_n at_o lonk_n etc._n etc._n haec_fw-la
between_o servitia_fw-la militaria_fw-la and_o servitutes_fw-la militares_fw-la the_o one_o heroick_n noble_a and_o full_a of_o glory_n which_o may_v not_o therefore_o be_v permit_v in_o old_a time_n to_o any_o that_o be_v not_o bear_v of_o free_a parent_n no_o not_o to_o a_o king_n son_n as_o appear_v in_o virgil_n wherein_o our_o saxon_n also_o be_v very_o cautelous_a and_o account_v a_o soldier_n shield_n to_o be_v insigne_fw-la libertatis_fw-la the_o other_o not_o ignoble_a only_o and_o servile_a but_o derive_v even_o from_o very_a bondage_n let_v not_o this_o offend_v i_o will_v say_v no_o more_o 30._o julii_n 1639._o finis_fw-la two_o discourse_n i._o of_o the_o ancient_a government_n of_o england_n ii_o of_o parliament_n by_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n kt._n publish_a from_o the_o original_a manuscript_n sapientia_fw-la &_o disciplina_fw-la &_o scientia_fw-la legum_n apud_fw-la deum_fw-la dilectio_fw-la &_o via_fw-la bonorum_fw-la apud_fw-la eum_fw-la wisdom_n and_o knowledge_n and_o understanding_n of_o the_o law_n be_v of_o god_n and_o love_n and_o good_a work_n come_v of_o he_o ecclus_n 11._o 15._o of_o the_o ancient_a government_n of_o england_n to_o tell_v the_o government_n of_o england_n under_o the_o old_a saxon_a law_n seem_v a_o utopia_n to_o we_o present_a strange_a and_o uncouth_a yet_o can_v there_o be_v no_o period_n assign_v wherein_o either_o the_o frame_n of_o those_o law_n be_v abolish_v or_o this_o of_o we_o entertain_v but_o as_o day_n and_o night_n creep_v insensible_o one_o upon_o the_o other_o so_o also_o have_v this_o alteration_n grow_v upon_o we_o unsensible_o every_o age_n alter_v something_o and_o no_o age_n see_v more_o than_o what_o themselves_o be_v actor_n in_o nor_o think_v it_o to_o have_v be_v otherwise_o than_o as_o themselves_o discover_v it_o by_o the_o present_a like_o they_o of_o china_n who_o never_o travail_v out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n think_v the_o whole_a world_n to_o extend_v no_o further_o as_o one_o therefore_o that_o have_v coast_v a_o little_a further_o into_o former_a time_n i_o will_v offer_v unto_o you_o a_o rude_a map_n thereof_o not_o like_o those_o of_o the_o exquisite_a cosmographer_n of_o our_o late_a age_n but_o like_o they_o of_o old_a when_o as_o neither_o cross_a sail_n nor_o compass_n be_v yet_o know_v to_o navigator_n our_o saxon_n though_o divide_v into_o many_o kingdom_n yet_o be_v they_o all_o one_o in_o effect_n in_o manner_n law_n and_o language_n so_o that_o the_o break_n of_o their_o government_n into_o many_o kingdom_n or_o the_o reunite_a of_o their_o kingdom_n into_o a_o monarchy_n wrought_v little_a or_o no_o change_n among_o they_o touch_v law_n for_o though_o we_o talk_v of_o the_o west-saxon_a law_n the_o mercian_n law_n and_o the_o dane_n law_n whereby_o the_o west_n part_n of_o england_n the_o middle_a part_n and_o those_o of_o norfolk_n suffolk_z and_o the_o north_n be_v several_o govern_v yet_o hold_v they_o all_o a_o uniformity_n in_o substance_n differ_v rather_o in_o their_o mulct_n than_o in_o their_o canea_n that_o be_v in_o the_o quantity_n of_o fines_n and_o amercement_n than_o in_o the_o course_n and_o frame_v of_o justice_n therefore_o when_o all_o these_o kingdom_n grow_v into_o one_o monarchy_n as_o under_o alured_n ethelstane_n edgar_n &c_n &c_n this_o breed_v no_o notable_a innovation_n in_o any_o of_o they_o for_o the_o king_n have_v no_o new_a law_n to_o impose_v upon_o his_o new_a subject_n nor_o be_v his_o new_a subject_n unacquainted_a with_o his_o form_n of_o government_n have_v always_o live_v according_a to_o the_o same_o so_o that_o when_o edward_n the_o confessor_n come_v to_o take_v away_o these_o small_a difference_n that_o be_v between_o these_o three_o law_n he_o do_v it_o even_o in_o these_o fickle_a and_o unconstant_a time_n without_o all_o tumult_n or_o contradiction_n make_v that_o his_o alteration_n famous_a rather_o by_o the_o new_a name_n than_o by_o the_o new_a matter_n for_o abolish_n the_o three_o particular_a name_n beforementioned_a he_o now_o call_v it_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n for_o that_o no_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v henceforth_o be_v govern_v by_o any_o particular_a law_n but_o all_o alike_o by_o a_o common_a law_n but_o insomuch_o as_o this_o common_a law_n be_v but_o the_o half_a arch_n of_o the_o government_n tend_v only_o to_o the_o temporal_a part_n thereof_o and_o not_o unto_o the_o ecclesiastical_a i_o can_v well_o present_v the_o one_o without_o the_o other_o and_o must_v therefore_o make_v a_o project_n of_o the_o whole_a arch_n that_o so_o the_o strength_n and_o uniformity_n of_o both_o the_o part_n may_v the_o better_o be_v conceive_v as_o therefore_o each_o side_n of_o a_o arch_n descend_v alike_o from_o the_o coane_n or_o top-point_n so_o both_o the_o part_n of_o that_o their_o government_n be_v alike_o deduce_v from_o the_o king_n each_o of_o they_o hold_v correspondency_n one_o with_o the_o other_o like_o two_o love_a sister_n both_o in_o aspect_n and_o in_o lineament_n to_o begin_v with_o the_o right_a side_n or_o elder_a sister_n the_o estate_n ecclesiastical_a be_v first_o divide_v into_o province_n every_o province_n into_o many_o bishopric_n every_o bishopric_n into_o many_o archdeaconries_a every_o arch-deaconry_a into_o divers_a deanery_n every_o deanery_n into_o many_o parish_n and_o all_o these_o commit_v to_o their_o several_a governor_n parson_n dean_n arch-deacon_n bishop_n and_o arch-bishop_n who_o as_o subordinate_a one_o to_o the_o other_o do_v not_o only_o execute_v the_o charge_n of_o these_o their_o several_a portion_n but_o be_v accoumptant_a also_o for_o the_o same_o to_o their_o superior_n the_o parson_n as_o ima_fw-la species_n be_v to_o hear_v and_o determine_v the_o breach_n of_o god_n peace_n of_o love_n and_o charity_n within_o his_o parish_n to_o reprove_v the_o inordinate_a life_n of_o his_o parishioner_n and_o though_o he_o can_v not_o strike_v with_o the_o ecclesiastical_a sword_n yet_o may_v he_o shake_v it_o against_o they_o by_o enjyon_a notorious_a offender_n to_o contrition_n repentance_n satisfaction_n and_o sometime_o by_o remove_v they_o from_o the_o bless_a sacrament_n the_o dean_n to_o take_v cognisance_n of_o the_o life_n and_o conversation_n of_o the_o parson_n and_o clergyman_n of_o every_o parish_n within_o his_o deanery_n to_o censure_v breach_n of_o church-peace_n and_o to_o punish_v incontinent_a and_o infamous_a liver_n by_o excommunication_n penance_n etc._n etc._n and_o because_o there_o can_v be_v no_o breach_n of_o the_o king_n peace_n but_o it_o must_v also_o break_v the_o peace_n and_o unity_n of_o the_o church_n the_o bishop_n dean_n in_o who_o deanery_n the_o peace_n be_v break_v have_v in_o some_o case_n 10s._o for_o his_o part_n of_o the_o mulct_n or_o fine_a thereof_o as_o appear_v ll._n ed._n confess_v cap._n 31._o the_o archdeacon_n draw_v near_o to_o the_o bishop_n draw_v the_o more_o preeminence_n from_o he_o and_o be_v his_o coadjutor_n in_o the_o ordination_n of_o clerk_n have_v a_o superintendent_n power_n over_o all_o parochial_a parson_n within_o every_o deanery_n of_o his_o precinct_n the_o bishop_n as_o the_o great_a orb_n of_o the_o diocese_n have_v jurisdiction_n and_o coercion_n through_o the_o same_o in_o all_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n and_o on_o all_o person_n except_o monastery_n exempt_v 38_o and_o for_o this_o purpose_n have_v two_o general_a synod_n in_o the_o year_n wherein_o all_o the_o clergy_n of_o his_o diocese_n assemble_v for_o determine_v matter_n touch_v the_o church_n as_o well_o in_o faith_n as_o in_o government_n but_o the_o archbishop_n to_o bind_v up_o this_o golden_a faggot_n in_o the_o band_n of_o union_n and_o conformity_n com._n comprehend_v all_o the_o bishop_n of_o his_o province_n sub_fw-la pallio_fw-la suae_fw-la plenitudinis_fw-la or_o sub_fw-la plenitudine_fw-la potestatis_fw-la have_v supreme_a jurisdiction_n to_o visit_v and_o reform_v in_o all_o their_o diocese_n whatsoever_o be_v defective_a or_o omit_v that_o by_o this_o mean_v no_o transgression_n may_v break_v through_o so_o many_o ward_n but_o if_o it_o escape_v the_o sword_n of_o hasael_n jehu_n may_v slay_v it_o or_o if_o it_o pass_v they_o both_o yet_o elisha_n may_v light_v upon_o it_o this_o be_v the_o model_n of_o the_o church_n policy_n compose_v no_o doubt_n out_o of_o that_o fundamental_a rule_n of_o government_n prescribe_v by_o jethro_n unto_o moses_n appoint_v ruler_n over_o thousand_o over_o hundred_o over_o fifty_n and_o over_o ten_o according_a to_o the_o step_n whereof_o the_o state_n temporal_a do_v likewise_o take_v her_o lineament_n for_o the_o temporal_a government_n be_v likewise_o divide_v into_o satrapy_n or_o dukedom_n which_o contain_v in_o they_o divers_a county_n the_o county_n divers_a lath_n or_o trithing_n every_o trthe_v divers_a hundred_o or_o wapentake_n every_o hundred_o divers_a town_n or_o lordship_n short_o after_o call_v barony_n and_o the_o government_n of_o all_o these_o be_v commit_v to_o their_o several_a head_n
town_n call_v burgess_n and_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n the_o first_o sort_n be_v to_o appear_v personal_o or_o by_o particular_a proxy_n for_o the_o word_n as_o touch_v they_o be_v summoniri_fw-la faciemus_fw-la sigillatim_fw-la but_o as_o touch_v the_o other_o it_o be_v summoniri_fw-la faciemus_fw-la generaliter_fw-la etc._n etc._n not_o that_o all_o shall_v come_v confuse_o but_o that_o they_o shall_v send_v their_o advocate_n which_o common_o be_v but_o two_o to_o speak_v for_o they_o these_o the_o french_a in_o their_o parliament_n call_v 27._o ambasiatores_fw-la and_o syndicos_fw-la in_o the_o first_o rank_n the_o earl_n and_o great_a baron_n have_v their_o place_n in_o this_o council_n for_o that_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o a_o barony_n and_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n with_o they_o of_o the_o second_o rank_n so_o likewise_o for_o that_o it_o be_v declare_v and_o ordain_v in_o the_o council_n of_o clarendon_n that_o they_o shall_v have_v their_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n as_o a_o barony_n and_o shall_v be_v suitor_n and_o sit_v in_o the_o king_n court_n in_o judgement_n as_o other_o baron_n till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o diminution_n of_o member_n or_o matter_n of_o death_n but_o this_o council_n of_o clarendon_n do_v rather_o affirm_v than_o give_v they_o their_o privilege_n for_o the_o prelate_n of_o the_o church_n be_v in_o all_o age_n the_o prime_a part_n of_o these_o great_a council_n in_o the_o three_o rank_n the_o burgess_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n have_v their_o place_n not_o so_o much_o in_o respect_n of_o tenure_n for_o they_o be_v not_o conceive_v to_o be_v owner_n of_o land_n but_o for_o that_o in_o tax_n and_o tallage_n touch_v their_o good_n and_o matter_n of_o trade_n they_o may_v have_v some_o to_o speak_v for_o they_o as_o well_o as_o other_o member_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o here_o then_o arise_v a_o question_n how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o every_o poor_a burrow_n of_o england_n how_o little_a soever_o it_o be_v two_o except_v have_v two_o to_o speak_v for_o they_o in_o this_o great_a council_n when_o the_o great_a county_n have_v no_o more_o it_o seem_v that_o those_o of_o the_o county_n who_o we_o call_v knight_n serve_v not_o in_o ancient_a time_n for_o all_o the_o freeholders_n of_o the_o county_n as_o at_o this_o day_n they_o do_v but_o be_v only_o choose_v in_o the_o behalf_n of_o they_o that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v not_o barones_n majores_fw-la baron_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o all_o freeholder_n beside_o they_o have_v their_o lord_n paramount_n which_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la to_o speak_v for_o they_o as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o and_o these_o only_o have_v no_o body_n for_o that_o themselves_o hold_v immediate_o of_o the_o king_n therefore_o king_n john_n by_o his_o charter_n do_v agree_v to_o summon_v they_o only_o and_o no_o other_o freeholder_n howbeit_o those_o other_o freeholder_n because_o they_o can_v not_o always_o be_v certain_o distinguish_v from_o they_o that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la which_o increase_v daily_o grow_v by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o have_v voice_n in_o election_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o at_o last_o to_o be_v confirm_v therein_o by_o the_o stat._n 7._o henr._n iu._n and_o 8._o henr._n vi_o but_o to_o come_v to_o our_o question_n why_o there_o be_v but_o two_o knight_n for_o a_o county_n it_o may_v well_o seem_v to_o be_v for_o that_o in_o those_o time_n of_o old_a there_o be_v very_o few_o beside_o the_o baron_n that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o that_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v and_o that_o two_o therefore_o may_v seem_v sufficient_a for_o these_o few_o as_o well_o as_o two_o for_o the_o great_a burrough_n or_o city_n of_o england_n except_o london_n and_o it_o may_v be_v that_o of_o the_o four_o which_o serve_v for_o london_n two_o of_o they_o be_v for_o it_o as_o it_o be_v a_o city_n and_o two_o other_o as_o it_o be_v a_o county_n though_o elsewhere_o it_o be_v not_o so_o but_o when_o two_o come_v first_o to_o be_v choose_v or_o appoint_v for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o burrow_n or_o county_n i_o can_v find_v it_o seem_v by_o those_o synod_n that_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n and_o by_o some_o after_o the_o conquest_n that_o great_a number_n of_o the_o common_a people_n flow_v thither_o epist_n for_o it_o be_v say_v in_o an._n 1021._o cum_fw-la quamplurimis_fw-la gregariis_fw-la militibus_fw-la ac_fw-la cum_fw-la populi_fw-la multitudine_fw-la copiosa_fw-la and_o an._n 1126._o innumeraque_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_fw-la multitudine_fw-la and_o so_o likewise_o in_o an._n 1138._o and_o other_o synod_n and_o council_n by_o what_o order_n or_o limitation_n this_o innumera_fw-la populi_fw-la multitudo_fw-la come_v to_o these_o assembly_n it_o appear_v not_o 10._o bartol_n that_o famous_a civilian_n and_o 15._o hottoman_a according_a with_o he_o thus_o expound_v it_o in_o other_o place_n nota_fw-la quod_fw-la praesides_fw-la provinciarum_fw-la coadunant_fw-la universale_fw-la parlamentum_fw-la provinciae_fw-la quod_fw-la intellige_fw-la non_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la de_fw-la provincia_n debent_fw-la ad_fw-la illud_fw-la ire_n sed_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la civitatibus_fw-la deputantur_fw-la ambasiatores_fw-la qui_fw-la civitatem_fw-la repraesentant_fw-la and_o l._n johan_n de_fw-fr platea_n likewise_o say_v vbi_fw-la super_fw-la aliquo_fw-la providendum_fw-la est_fw-la pro_fw-la utilitate_fw-la totius_fw-la provinciae_fw-la debet_fw-la congregari_fw-la generale_fw-mi concilium_fw-la seu_fw-la parlamentum_fw-la non_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la de_fw-la provincia_n vadant_fw-la sed_fw-la de_fw-la qualibet_fw-la civitate_fw-la aliqui_fw-la ambasiatores_fw-la vel_fw-la syndici_fw-la qui_fw-la totam_fw-la civitatem_fw-la repraesentent_fw-la in_o quo_fw-la concilio_n seu_fw-la parlamento_n petitur_fw-la proponi_fw-la sanum_fw-la ac_fw-la utile_fw-la consilium_fw-la but_o our_o burgess_n as_o it_o seem_v in_o time_n of_o old_a be_v not_o call_v to_o consult_v of_o state_n matter_n be_v unproper_a to_o their_o education_n otherwise_o than_o in_o matter_n of_o aid_n and_o subsidy_n for_o king_n john_n grant_v no_o more_o unto_o they_o than_o ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_v consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la assidândis_fw-la if_o his_o charter_n be_v so_o point_v that_o this_o clause_n belong_v to_o that_o of_o the_o liberty_n grant_v to_o they_o which_o be_v very_o doubtful_a and_o seem_v rather_o to_o belong_v to_o that_o which_o follow_v otherwise_o there_o be_v no_o word_n at_o all_o for_o call_v they_o unto_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n if_o you_o so_o will_v term_v they_o of_o that_o time_n and_o yet_o further_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o this_o whole_a branch_n of_o his_o charter_n touch_v the_o manner_n of_o his_o summon_n a_o great_a council_n be_v not_o comprise_v in_o the_o article_n between_o he_o and_o his_o baron_n whereupon_o the_o charter_n be_v ground_v but_o gain_v from_o he_o as_o it_o seem_v afterward_o and_o that_o may_v be_v a_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v leave_v out_o in_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o henry_n iii_o confirm_v after_o by_o edward_n i._o in_o such_o manner_n as_o now_o we_o have_v it_o the_o charter_n of_o these_o article_n i_o have_v see_v under_o his_o own_o seal_n after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n john_n i_o find_v many_o of_o these_o great_a council_n hold_v and_o to_o be_v often_o name_v by_o the_o author_n of_o that_o time_n colloquia_fw-la after_o the_o french_a word_n parliament_n but_o no_o mention_n in_o any_o of_o they_o of_o burgess_n save_v that_o in_o an._n dom._n 1225._o regis_fw-la 10._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o king_n hold_v his_o christmas_n at_o westminster_n praesentibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la and_o that_o the_o solemnity_n be_v end_v hugh_n de_fw-fr burgo_n the_o king_n justice_n propound_v to_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earls_z baron_n &_o aliis_fw-la universis_fw-la the_o loss_n the_o king_n have_v receive_v in_o france_n require_v of_o they_o one_o xv_o the_o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1229._o the_o king_n summon_v to_o westminster_n archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la templarios_fw-la hospitalarios_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n ecclesiarum_fw-la rectores_fw-la &_o qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr se_fw-la tenebant_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la about_o the_o grant_v a_o ten_o to_o the_o pope_n wherein_o those_o that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la be_v call_v as_o in_o henr._n ii_o to_o the_o council_n of_o clarendon_n and_o as_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n purport_v but_o no_o mention_n be_v here_o make_v of_o burgess_n the_o original_a of_o the_o four_o term_n of_o the_o year_n by_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n kt._n print_a in_o the_o year_n 1684._o from_o a_o very_a uncorrect_a and_o imperfect_a copy_n now_o publish_a from_o the_o original_a manuscript_n in_o the_o bodleian_n library_n sir_n william_n dugdale_n in_o his_o origines_fw-la juridiciales_fw-la chap._n 32._o
to_o the_o grant_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o grant_n and_o the_o modus_fw-la concessionis_fw-la or_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o distinct_a thing_n and_o aliud_fw-la from_o the_o grant_n for_o so_o the_o print_a case_n represent_v their_o opinion_n if_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n and_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o land_n be_v aliud_fw-la &_o aliud_fw-la two_o distinct_a thing_n in_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o whole_a grant_v make_v and_o the_o authority_n give_v by_o the_o say_a commission_n for_o the_o make_v thereof_o then_o the_o patent_n may_v be_v void_a as_o to_o the_o tenure_n and_o yet_o good_a for_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o land_n but_o if_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n be_v incident_a unto_o the_o authority_n and_o include_v within_o it_o and_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n and_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o land_n make_v up_o but_o one_o entire_a grant_n so_o that_o the_o one_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n be_v modus_fw-la concessionis_fw-la then_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o land_n reserve_v a_o diverse_a or_o contrary_a tenure_n to_o that_o which_o their_o nude_v authority_n do_v warrant_v they_o to_o reserve_v be_v a_o do_v of_o idem_fw-la alio_fw-la modo_fw-la and_o so_o the_o whole_a act_n be_v void_a they_o who_o plead_v for_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o letter_n patent_n as_o to_o the_o land_n and_o their_o be_v void_a only_o as_o to_o the_o tenure_n urge_v among_o other_o argument_n that_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v bring_v into_o england_n by_o the_o conquest_n but_o grant_n be_v by_o the_o common-law_n and_o therefore_o grant_v be_v more_o ancient_a than_o tenor_n the_o tenure_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v aliud_fw-la from_o the_o thing_n grant_v and_o to_o prove_v that_o this_o tenure_n come_v in_o with_o the_o conqueror_n they_o cite_v mr._n selden_n in_o his_o spicileg_n ad_fw-la eadmerum_fw-la p._n 194._o where_o he_o have_v that_o out_o of_o bracton_n de_fw-fr acquir_n rerum_fw-la dominio_fw-la b._n 2._o forinsecum_fw-la servitium_fw-la dicitur_fw-la regale_n servitium_fw-la quia_fw-la spectat_fw-la ad_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la ad_fw-la alium_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o conquestu_fw-la fuit_fw-la adinventum_fw-la but_o this_o argument_n and_o the_o authority_n be_v both_o over-ruld_a and_o it_o be_v affirm_v that_o tenor_n be_v not_o bring_v into_o england_n by_o the_o conqueror_n but_o be_v common_a among_o the_o saxon_n their_o answer_n to_o mr._n selden_n opinion_n with_o the_o reason_n upon_o which_o they_o ground_v their_o position_n i_o will_v transcribe_v at_o large_a from_o the_o print_a case_n the_o book_n be_v very_o scarce_o and_o this_o the_o only_a point_n wherein_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n be_v concern_v it_o be_v answer_v that_o mr._n selden_n in_o that_o place_n do_v bare_o recite_v the_o word_n of_o bracton_n not_o deliver_v any_o opinion_n of_o his_o own_o for_o in_o that_o book_n cite_v pag._n 170._o and_o in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n the_o last_o edition_n p._n 612._o we_o find_v that_o he_o be_v of_o another_o opinion_n and_o that_o this_o tenure_n be_v in_o use_n in_o england_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n what_o be_v those_o thani_fw-la majores_fw-la or_o thani_fw-la regis_fw-la among_o the_o saxon_n but_o the_o king_n immediate_a tenant_n of_o land_n which_o they_o hold_v by_o personal_a service_n as_o of_o the_o king_n person_n by_o grand_a serjeanty_n or_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o land_n so_o hold_v be_v in_o those_o time_n call_v thainland_n as_o land_v hold_v in_o socage_n be_v call_v reveland_n so_o frequent_o in_o doomsday_n haec_fw-la terra_fw-la fuit_fw-la terra_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la thainland_n sed_fw-la postea_fw-la conversa_fw-la est_fw-la in_o reveland_n coke_n instit_n sect._n 117._o after_o some_o year_n that_o follow_v the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n the_o title_n of_o thane_n grow_v out_o of_o use_n and_o that_o of_o baron_n and_o barony_n succeed_v for_o thane_n and_o thainland_n whereby_o we_o may_v understand_v the_o true_a and_o original_a reason_n of_o that_o which_o we_o have_v in_o the_o lord_n cromwel_n case_n 2._o coke_n 81._o that_o every_o barony_n of_o ancient_a time_n be_v hold_v by_o grand_a serjeanty_n by_o that_o tenure_n be_v the_o thain-land_n hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o those_o thain-land_n be_v the_o same_o that_o be_v after_o call_v barony_n it_o be_v true_a the_o possession_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v first_o make_v subject_n to_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n for_o their_o land_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n in_o pura_fw-la &_o perpetua_fw-la eleemosyna_fw-la free_a ab_fw-la omni_fw-la servitio_fw-la saeculari_fw-la but_o he_o than_o turn_v their_o possession_n into_o barony_n and_o so_o make_v they_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o tenure_n so_o that_o as_o to_o they_o this_o tenure_n and_o service_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o conquestu_fw-la adinventum_fw-la but_o the_o thain-land_n be_v hold_v by_o that_o tenure_n before_o as_o the_o king_n thane_n be_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la so_o the_o thanus_n mediocris_fw-la or_o middle_a thane_n be_v only_o a_o tenant_n by_o knights-service_n that_o either_o hold_v of_o a_o mean_a lord_n and_o not_o immediate_o of_o the_o king_n or_o at_o the_o least_o of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o a_o honour_n or_o manor_n and_o not_o in_o capite_fw-la what_o be_v that_o trinoda_fw-it necessitas_fw-la which_o so_o often_o occur_v in_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n under_o this_o form_n exceptisistis_fw-la tribus_fw-la expeditione_n arcis_fw-la &_o pontis_fw-la exstructione_fw-la see_v it_o in_o a_o charter_n of_o king_n etbeldred_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o coke_n 6._o report_n etc._n etc._n but_o that_o which_o be_v after_o express_v by_o salvo_n forinseco_fw-la bracton_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 26._o &_o 35._o 12._o edw._n 1._o guard_n 152._o 26._o ass_n 66._o selden_n analect_n anglobrit_fw-mi 78._o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v that_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n be_v mistake_v who_o in_o his_o glossary_a verbo_fw-la feudum_fw-la refer_v the_o original_n of_o feud_n in_o england_n to_o the_o norman_a conquest_n it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o capite_fw-la tenor_n tenor_n by_o knights-service_n tenor_n in_o socage_n frank-almoigne_a etc._n etc._n be_v frequent_a in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o if_o we_o will_v believe_v what_o be_v cite_v out_o of_o a_o old_a french_a customary_a in_o a_o ms._n treatise_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o tenor_n in_o england_n which_o be_v in_o many_o man_n hand_n all_o those_o tenor_n be_v in_o use_n long_o before_o the_o saxon_n even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n there_o it_o be_v say_v the_o first_o british_a king_n divide_v britain_n into_o four_o part_n and_o give_v one_o part_n to_o the_o arch-flamen_n to_o pray_v for_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n a_o second_o part_n he_o give_v to_o his_o earl_n and_o nobility_n to_o do_v he_o knights-service_n a_o three_o he_o divide_v among_o husbandman_n to_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o socage_n the_o four_o part_n he_o give_v to_o mechanical_a person_n to_o hold_v in_o burgage_n but_o that_o testimony_n be_v wave_v there_o be_v little_a certainty_n or_o truth_n in_o the_o british_a story_n before_o the_o time_n of_o caesar_n neither_o will_v they_o make_v use_n of_o that_o which_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o william_n roville_n of_o alenzon_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o the_o grand_a customier_n of_o normandy_n that_o all_o those_o custom_n among_o which_o these_o tenor_n be_v be_v first_o bring_v into_o normandy_n out_o of_o england_n by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n beside_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v we_o find_v feud_n both_o the_o name_n and_o thing_n in_o the_o law_n of_o those_o time_n among_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n cap._n 35._o where_o it_o be_v thus_o provide_v debent_fw-la enim_fw-la universi_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la feodum_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la arma_fw-la habere_fw-la &_o illa_fw-la semper_fw-la prompta_fw-la conservare_fw-la ad_fw-la tuitionem_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o servitium_fw-la dominorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n lambard_n archaionom_fw-la 135._o this_o law_n be_v after_o confirm_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n vid._n coke_n instit_n sect._n 103._o as_o these_o tenor_n be_v common_a in_o those_o time_n so_o be_v all_o the_o fruit_n of_o they_o homage_n fealty_n escuage_z relief_n wardship_n for_o releif_n we_o have_v full_a testimony_n in_o the_o relief_n of_o their_o earl_n and_o thanes_z for_o which_o see_v the_o law_n of_o king_n canutus_n cap._n 66_o &_o 69._o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n cap._n de_fw-fr heterochiis_fw-la and_o what_o out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n coke_n have_v in_o his_o instit_n sect._n
p._n 121._o viii_o of_o the_o original_a of_o testament_n and_o will_n and_o of_o their_o probate_n to_o who_o it_o it_o ancient_o belong_v p._n 127._o ix_o icenia_n sive_fw-la norfolciae_fw-la descriptio_fw-la topographica_n p._n 133._o x._o catalogus_fw-la comitum_fw-la marescallorum_fw-la angliae_fw-la p._n 165._o xi_o dissertatio_n de_fw-fr milite_fw-la p._n 172._o de_fw-fr aetate_fw-la militari_fw-la p._n 174._o de_fw-fr evocatis_fw-la ad_fw-la militiam_fw-la suscipiendam_fw-la p._n 175._o de_fw-fr modo_fw-la âreandi_fw-la militem_fw-la honoratum_fw-la &_o primo_fw-la de_fw-la cingulo_fw-la militari_fw-la p._n 176._o qui_fw-la olim_fw-la fiebant_fw-la milites_fw-la p._n 179._o qui_fw-la possint_fw-la militem_fw-la facere_fw-la p._n 180._o judices_fw-la etiam_fw-la sub_fw-la appellatione_fw-la militum_fw-la censeri_fw-la scil_n equ_n esse_fw-la palatinos_n p._n 182._o de_fw-fr loco_fw-la &_o tempore_fw-la creationis_fw-la p._n 183._o de_fw-fr censu_fw-la militari_fw-la p._n 184._o modus_fw-la exauctorandi_fw-la militem_fw-la quod_fw-la degradare_fw-la nuncupatur_fw-la xii_o historia_fw-la familiae_fw-la de_fw-la sharnburn_n p._n 187._o xiii_o familiae_fw-la extraneorum_fw-la sive_fw-la lestrange_n accurata_fw-la descriptio_fw-la p._n 200._o fourteen_o a_o dialogue_n concern_v the_o coin_n of_o the_o kingdom_n particular_o what_o great_a treasure_n be_v exhaust_v from_o england_n by_o the_o usurp_a supremacy_n of_o rome_n p._n 203._o xv._n a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o place_n or_o dwelling_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n of_o this_o realm_n now_o or_o of_o former_a time_n in_o which_o their_o several_a owner_n have_v ordinary_a jurisdiction_n as_o if_o parcel_n of_o their_o diocese_n though_o they_o be_v situate_a within_o the_o precinct_n of_o another_o bishop_n diocese_n p._n 211._o the_o original_a growth_n propagation_n and_o condition_n of_o feud_n and_o tenor_n by_o knight-service_n in_o england_n chap._n i._n the_o occasion_n of_o this_o discourse_n and_o what_o a_o feud_n be_v in_o the_o great_a case_n of_o tenor_n upon_o the_o commission_n of_o defective_a title_n argue_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o ireland_n and_o publish_v after_o their_o resolution_n by_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o lord_n deputy_n this_o year_n 1639._o it_o fall_v out_o upon_o the_o four_o point_n of_o the_o case_n to_o be_v affirm_v that_o tenor_n have_v their_o original_n in_o england_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o assertion_n it_o be_v conclude_v that_o feud_n be_v then_o and_o there_o in_o use_n in_o proof_n hereof_o divers_a law_n and_o charter_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n and_o some_o other_o authority_n be_v there_o allege_v which_o be_v conceive_v to_o have_v clear_v that_o point_n it_o thus_o follow_v in_o the_o report_n p._n 35._o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v that_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n be_v mistake_v who_o in_o his_o glossary_n verbo_fw-la feodum_fw-la refer_v the_o original_n of_o feud_n in_o england_n to_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o for_o a_o corollary_n p._n 38._o add_v these_o word_n neither_o be_v the_o bare_a conjecture_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n sufficient_a to_o take_v away_o the_o force_n of_o these_o law_n vide_fw-la spelman_n in_o glossar_n verbo_fw-la feodum_fw-la be_v thus_o by_o way_n of_o voucher_n make_v a_o chief_a antagonist_n to_o the_o reverend_a opinion_n of_o these_o learned_a grave_a and_o honour_a judge_n i_o humble_o desire_v of_o they_o that_o write_v what_o i_o do_v so_o long_o ago_o and_o in_o a_o transitory_a passage_n among_o a_o thousand_o other_o obscure_a word_n not_o think_v then_o to_o be_v provoke_v to_o this_o account_n they_o will_v be_v please_v to_o pardon_v my_o mistake_n where_o they_o fall_v and_o to_o hear_v without_o offence_n what_o motive_n lead_v i_o to_o my_o conjecture_n which_o they_o speak_v of_o it_o be_v necessary_a therefore_o that_o first_o of_o all_o we_o make_v the_o question_n certain_a which_o in_o my_o understanding_n be_v not_o do_v in_o the_o report_n for_o it_o be_v not_o declare_v whether_o there_o be_v divers_a kind_n of_o feud_n or_o no_o nor_o what_o kind_n they_o be_v that_o be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n nor_o what_o kind_n those_o be_v that_o i_o conjecture_v to_o be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n i_o will_v therefore_o follow_v the_o direction_n of_o the_o orator_n and_o fix_v the_o question_n upon_o the_o definition_n ãâã_d a_o feud_n be_v say_v to_o be_v usus_fw-la fructâs_fw-la quidam_fw-la rei_fw-la immobilis_fw-la sub_fw-la conditione_n fidei_fw-la but_o this_o definition_n be_v of_o too_o large_a extent_n for_o such_o kind_n of_o feud_n as_o our_o question_n must_v consist_v upon_o for_o it_o include_v two_o member_n or_o species_n great_o differ_v one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o one_o temporary_a and_o revocable_a as_o those_o at_o will_n or_o for_o year_n liâe_z or_o life_n the_o other_o hereditary_a and_o perpetual_a as_o for_o temporary_a âeuâs_n which_o like_o wild_a figtree_n can_v yield_v none_o of_o the_o feodal_a fruit_n of_o wardship_n marriage_n relief_n etc._n etc._n unto_o their_o lord_n they_o belong_v nothing_o unto_o our_o argument_n nor_o shall_v i_o make_v other_o use_n in_o set_v of_o they_o forth_o than_o to_o assure_v the_o reader_n they_o be_v not_o those_o that_o our_o law_n take_v notice_n of_o to_o come_v therefore_o to_o our_o proper_a scheme_n let_v we_o see_v what_o that_o hereditary_a feud_n be_v whereupon_o our_o question_n must_v be_v fix_v for_o none_o but_o this_o can_v bear_v the_o feodal_a fruit_n we_o speak_v of_o wardship_n marriage_n etc._n etc._n ãâ¦ã_z seq_n a_o feud_n be_v a_o right_n which_o the_o vassal_n have_v in_o land_n or_o some_o immovable_a thing_n of_o his_o lord_n to_o use_v the_o same_o and_o take_v the_o profit_n thereof_o hereditary_o render_v unto_o his_o lord_n such_o feodal_a duty_n and_o service_n as_o belong_v to_o military_a tenure_n the_o mere_a propriety_n of_o the_o soil_n always_o remain_v unto_o the_o lord_n i_o call_v it_o as_o the_o feudist_n do_v jus_fw-la utendi_fw-la praedio_fw-la alieno_fw-la a_o right_a to_o use_v another_o man_n land_n not_o a_o property_n in_o it_o for_o in_o true_a feodal_a speech_n the_o tenant_n or_o vassal_n have_v nothing_o in_o the_o 178._o propriety_n of_o the_o soil_n itself_o but_o it_o remain_v entire_o unto_o the_o lord_n and_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o usual_a name_n which_o we_o now_o give_v it_o of_o the_o seignory_n so_o that_o the_o seignory_n and_o the_o feud_n be_v join_v together_o seem_v to_o make_v that_o absolute_a and_o complete_a estate_n of_o inheritance_n which_o the_o feudist_n in_o time_n of_o old_a call_v allodium_fw-la but_o this_o kind_n of_o feud_n we_o speak_v of_o and_o no_o other_o be_v that_o only_a whereof_o our_o law_n take_v notice_n though_o time_n have_v somewhat_o vary_v it_o from_o the_o first_o institution_n by_o draw_v the_o propriety_n of_o the_o soil_n from_o the_o lord_n unto_o the_o tenant_n and_o i_o both_o conceive_v and_o affirm_v under_o correction_n that_o this_o our_o kind_n of_o feud_n be_v perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a and_o subject_a to_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n with_o other_o feodal_a service_n be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o our_o saxon_n nor_o our_o law_n of_o tenor_n whereon_o they_o depend_v once_o know_v unto_o they_o as_o shall_v appear_v by_o that_o which_o hereafter_o follow_v chap._n ii_o the_o original_a growth_n and_o propagation_n of_o feud_n first_o in_o general_n then_o in_o england_n before_o i_o enter_v into_o the_o question_n in_o hand_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a for_o better_a understanding_n that_o which_o follow_v to_o set_v forth_o the_o original_n growth_n propagation_n and_o condition_n of_o feud_n in_o general_a which_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v thus_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la lord_n and_o servant_n and_o those_o servant_n of_o two_o sort_n some_o to_o attend_v and_o guard_v the_o person_n of_o their_o lord_n upon_o all_o occasion_n in_o war_n and_o peace_n some_o to_o manure_v his_o land_n for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o he_o and_o his_o family_n when_o private_a family_n be_v draw_v into_o a_o kingdom_n the_o king_n themselves_o hold_v this_o distribution_n ãâã_d example_n hereof_o be_v in_o all_o nation_n 2d_o king_n david_n well_o observe_v it_o in_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o israel_n where_o if_o such_o service_n have_v any_o show_n of_o feud_n or_o tenor_n we_o have_v a_o pattern_n for_o they_o all_o viz._n for_o that_o of_o francalmoine_n 23._o in_o the_o levite_n for_o knight-service_n tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o grand_a serjeanty_n 27._o in_o the_o military_a man_n which_o serve_v the_o king_n personal_o by_o monthly_a course_n for_o socage_n in_o those_o who_o david_n appoint_v to_o manure_v the_o field_n dress_v the_o vineyard_n the_o olive-tree_n the_o mulberry-tree_n and_o that_o have_v the_o care_n of_o the_o oil_n of_o the_o ox_n of_o the_o camel_n ass_n sheep_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o
that_o succeed_v and_o out_o of_o his_o purse_n the_o heriot_n whether_o the_o son_n or_o heir_n enjoy_v the_o land_n or_o not_o the_o relief_n by_o none_o but_o he_o only_o that_o obtain_v the_o land_n in_o succession_n the_o heriot_n whether_o the_o land_n be_v fall_v into_o the_o lord_n hand_n or_o not_o the_o relief_n in_o old_a time_n not_o unless_o it_o be_v fall_v and_o lie_v destitute_a of_o a_o tenant_n who_o take_v of_o it_o up_o out_o of_o the_o lord_n hand_n be_v in_o that_o sense_n call_v relevium_fw-la or_o relevatio_fw-la a_o take_v up_o of_o that_o be_v fall_v according_a to_o the_o french_a word_n relief_n 1._o bracton_n well_o observe_v the_o difference_n say_v fit_a quaedam_fw-la praestatio_fw-la quae_fw-la non_fw-la dicitur_fw-la relevium_fw-la sed_fw-la quasi_fw-la sicut_fw-la heriotum_fw-la quasi_fw-la loco_fw-la relevii_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la dari_fw-la debet_fw-la aliquando_fw-la ante_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la fidelitatis_fw-la aliquando_fw-la post_fw-la hotoman_n feudal_n say_v relevium_fw-la dicitur_fw-la honorarium_fw-la munus_fw-la quod_fw-la novus_fw-la vassallus_fw-la patrono_fw-la introitus_fw-la causa_fw-la largitur_fw-la quasi_fw-la morte_fw-la alterius_fw-la vassalli_n vel_fw-la alio_fw-la quo_fw-la casu_fw-la feudum_fw-la ceciderit_fw-la quod_fw-la jam_fw-la à _fw-la novo_fw-la sublevetur_fw-la nou._n leo._n 13._o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d nominat_fw-la i_o stand_v the_o long_o herein_o for_o that_o not_o only_o the_o report_n but_o even_a doomsday_n itself_o and_o general_o all_o the_o ancient_a monkish_a writer_n have_v confound_v heriot_n and_o releif_n yet_o may_v i_o have_v save_v all_o this_o labour_n for_o nothing_o can_v make_v the_o difference_n more_o manifest_a than_o that_o we_o often_o see_v both_o of_o they_o be_v together_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o same_o land_n but_o when_o all_o be_v do_v neither_o be_v heriot_n nor_o releif_n any_o badge_n of_o land_n hold_v by_o knight's-service_n or_o in_o capite_fw-la for_o both_o of_o they_o be_v find_v in_o land_n of_o ordinary_a socage_n yet_o i_o confess_v that_o bracton_n say_v 8._o de_fw-fr soccagio_fw-it non_fw-it datur_fw-la relevium_fw-la and_o a_o little_a before_o de_fw-fr soccagio_fw-it non_fw-it competit_fw-la domino_fw-la capitali_fw-la custodia_fw-la nec_fw-la homagium_fw-la &_o ubi_fw-la nulla_fw-la custodia_fw-la nullum_fw-la relevium_fw-la sed_fw-la è_fw-la contra_fw-la but_o this_o serve_v my_o turn_n very_o well_o for_o that_o they_o in_o the_o report_n have_v fail_v to_o prove_v that_o releif_n be_v in_o use_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n whereof_o they_o affirm_v they_o have_v full_a testimony_n it_o now_o infer_v on_o my_o behalf_n that_o if_o releif_n and_o wardship_n be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n that_o then_o also_o tenure_n by_o knight-service_n be_v not_o with_o they_o beside_o all_o this_o the_o heriot_n be_v a_o certain_a duty_n and_o settle_v by_o law_n the_o relief_n so_o various_a and_o uncertain_a as_o the_o lord_n exact_v what_o they_o list_v for_o it_o when_o it_o fall_v into_o their_o hand_n constrain_a the_o heir_n of_o the_o tenant_n as_o it_o be_v to_o make_v a_o new_a purchase_n of_o their_o feud_n whereupon_o the_o feudist_n call_v this_o relief_n not_o only_a renovatio_n and_o restauratio_fw-la feudi_fw-la in_o greek_a ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d turn_v or_o bring_v back_o of_o the_o feud_n to_o the_o former_a condition_n or_o proper_a nature_n of_o it_o but_o also_o redemptio_fw-la a_o ransome_v of_o it_o out_o of_o the_o lord_n hand_n that_o it_o thus_o stand_v with_o we_o in_o england_n by_o and_o by_o after_o the_o conquest_n appear_v by_o that_o we_o have_v show_v before_o out_o of_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o henry_n 1_n chap._n xix_o no_o fine_n for_o licence_n of_o alienation_n alienation_n touch_v fine_n for_o licence_n of_o alienation_n it_o be_v not_o say_v what_o kind_n of_o tenant_n among_o the_o saxon_n do_v pay_v they_o nor_o for_o what_o kind_n of_o land_n they_o be_v pay_v the_o thaneland_n hereditary_a be_v apparent_o discharge_v thereof_o by_o the_o ordinary_a word_n of_o their_o charter_n before_o mention_v where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o owner_n of_o land_n may_v give_v and_o bequeath_v they_o cuicunque_fw-la voluerint_fw-la and_o that_o free_o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la munduali_fw-la obstaculo_fw-la doomsday_n also_o as_o we_o here_o show_v do_v testify_v as_o much_o and_o so_o do_v the_o very_a word_n alodium_n which_o the_o ancient_a author_n attribute_n to_o these_o land_n so_o that_o the_o thaneland_n doubtless_o be_v free_a both_o from_o the_o fine_a and_o licence_n folcland_n but_o as_o touch_v folcland_n and_o land_n hold_v at_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n though_o continue_v in_o ancient_a time_n to_o their_o child_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o copy-holds_a it_o be_v no_o question_n but_o that_o they_o may_v both_o have_v licence_n for_o alien_v such_o land_n and_o also_o pay_v consideration_n for_o it_o as_o our_o copy-holders_n do_v at_o this_o day_n i_o find_v mâpham_n that_o one_o brictrick_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n etheldred_n about_o the_o year_n 984._o bequeath_v legacy_n of_o good_a value_n unto_o his_o lord_n wife_n to_o entreat_v her_o husband_n that_o this_o brictrick_n will_n whereby_o he_o have_v devise_v many_o land_n and_o good_n to_o monastery_n and_o divers_a man_n may_v stand_v and_o that_o thola_n the_o widow_n of_o irk_v a_o thane_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n obtain_v licence_n from_o the_o same_o king_n edward_n that_o she_o may_v devise_v both_o her_o land_n and_o good_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o abbotsbury_n but_o of_o what_o nature_n these_o licence_n be_v whether_o to_o alienate_v the_o land_n or_o to_o make_v a_o will_n or_o to_o give_v the_o land_n to_o monastery_n as_o in_o mortmain_n i_o can_v determine_v if_o they_o only_o intend_v alienation_n than_o i_o understand_v they_o only_o of_o land_n hold_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o time_n at_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o folcland_n yet_o in_o that_o thola_n licence_n be_v as_o well_o to_o bequeath_v her_o good_n express_o as_o her_o land_n the_o licence_n seem_v to_o be_v give_v therefore_o to_o make_v a_o will_n which_o no_o man_n then_o can_v do_v if_o not_o a_o thane_n quaere_fw-la but_o howsoever_o it_o be_v expound_v it_o must_v not_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o thaneland_n or_o land_n hereditary_a for_o the_o reason_n before_o allege_a and_o as_o touch_v fine_n for_o licence_n of_o alienation_n after_o our_o manner_n which_o the_o report_n suggest_v they_o can_v not_o doubtless_o be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n for_o there_o be_v not_o find_v as_o i_o suppose_v here_o among_o we_o before_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n i._o and_o not_o establish_v afterward_o till_o 1._o edw._n iii_o where_o the_o king_n grant_v that_o from_o thenceforth_o land_n hold_v in_o chief_a shall_v not_o be_v seize_v as_o forfeit_v which_o former_o they_o be_v for_o alienation_n without_o licence_n but_o that_o a_o reasonable_a fine_n shall_v be_v take_v for_o the_o same_o see_v the_o statute_n chap._n xx._n no_o feodal_n homage_n among_o the_o saxon_n homage_n our_o word_n man_n and_o homo_fw-la in_o latin_a have_v for_o many_o age_n in_o old_a time_n be_v use_v by_o the_o german_a and_o western_a nation_n for_o a_o servant_n or_o vassal_n and_o from_o thence_o hominium_fw-la and_o vassaticum_fw-la afterward_o homagium_fw-la be_v likewise_o use_v for_o hominem_fw-la agere_fw-la to_o do_v the_o office_n or_o duty_n of_o a_o servant_n not_o to_o signify_v manhood_n as_o some_o â_o expound_v it_o and_o so_o also_o vassalagium_fw-la but_o by_o little_a and_o little_a all_o these_o latter_a word_n have_v be_v restrain_v to_o note_v no_o more_o than_o our_o ceremonial_a homage_n belong_v proper_o unto_o tenor_n which_o i_o meet_v not_o with_o among_o our_o saxon_n nor_o any_o show_n thereof_o in_o former_a age_n unless_o we_o shall_v fancy_v that_o the_o devil_n have_v it_o in_o his_o eye_n when_o he_o offer_v to_o give_v unto_o our_o saviour_n all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o world_n if_o he_o will_v fall_v down_o and_o worship_v he_o for_o here_o he_o make_v himself_o as_o capital_a lord_n our_o saviour_n as_o the_o feodal_n tenant_n the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o world_n to_o be_v the_o feud_n the_o fall_v or_o kneeling_z down_o to_o be_v the_o homage_n and_o the_o worship_v of_o he_o consist_v as_o the_o feodists_n expound_v it_o in_o six_o rule_n of_o service_n to_o be_v the_o fealty_n pardon_v i_o this_o idleness_n but_o from_o such_o missemblance_n rise_v many_o error_n twofold_n homage_n as_o we_o understand_v it_o in_o our_o law_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n one_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o other_o call_v homagium_fw-la ligeum_fw-la as_o due_a unto_o the_o king_n in_o respect_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o so_o do_v more_o francico_fw-la to_o king_n pipin_n by_o tassilo_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n about_o the_o year_n 756._o the_o other_o homagium_fw-la feodale_n or_o praediale_a belong_v to_o
his_o great_a knowledge_n and_o that_o he_o live_v near_o to_o the_o conquest_n by_o two_o three_o part_n of_o the_o time_n than_o we_o do_v exchequer_n well_o there_o be_v yet_o a_o elder_a and_o one_o that_o may_v see_v some_o that_o live_v in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n the_o author_n of_o the_o black-book_n of_o the_o chequer_n who_o speak_v of_o the_o saxon_a law_n and_o those_o of_o the_o conqueror_n say_v cap._n 16._o fol._n 16._o b._n quasdam_fw-la reprobavit_fw-la quasdam_fw-la autem_fw-la approbans_fw-la illis_fw-la transmarinas_fw-la neustriae_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la normanniae_fw-la leges_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la regni_fw-la pacem_fw-la tuendam_fw-la efficacissimae_fw-la videbantur_fw-la adjecit_fw-la what_o be_v those_o neustrian_a law_n or_o what_o can_v they_o be_v in_o all_o the_o book_n of_o the_o law_n for_o preserve_v peace_n save_v military_a tenor_n and_o the_o exchequer_n itself_o where_o the_o cognisance_n of_o all_o these_o tenor_n lie_v be_v bring_v in_o also_o by_o the_o conqueror_n but_o ingulphus_n the_o abbot_n of_o croyland_n live_v long_o in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n and_o be_v one_o of_o his_o domestic_n or_o familiar_n as_o he_o term_v himself_o and_o by_o he_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o conqueror_n not_o only_o general_o dispossess_v the_o saxon_n and_o give_v their_o land_n to_o his_o norman_n and_o other_o but_o change_v also_o their_o manner_n of_o conveyance_n the_o form_n of_o their_o charter_n and_o the_o course_n of_o make_v knight_n whereupon_o all_o the_o rule_n of_o knight-service_n have_v since_o depend_v see_v his_o word_n p._n 901._o for_o at_o that_o time_n miles_n &_o per_fw-la militiam_fw-la tenens_fw-la be_v all_o one_o by_o glanvil_n testimony_n lib._n 7._o ca._n 3._o p._n 49._o but_o when_o all_o fail_v i_o hope_v they_o will_v believe_v the_o conqueror_n himself_o who_o in_o a_o charter_n of_o his_o law_n and_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o we_o now_o call_v a_o parliament_n publish_v by_o mr._n lambard_n use_v these_o word_n statuimus_fw-la &_o sirmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n &_o milites_fw-la &_o servientes_fw-la &_o universi_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la habeant_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la se_fw-la semper_fw-la bene_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la &_o in_o equis_fw-la ut_fw-la decet_fw-la &_o oportet_fw-la et_fw-la quod_fw-la sint_fw-la semper_fw-la prompti_fw-la &_o parati_fw-la ad_fw-la servitium_fw-la suum_fw-la integrum_fw-la nobis_fw-la explendum_fw-la &_o peragendum_fw-la cum_fw-la semper_fw-la opus_fw-la adfuerit_fw-la secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la debent_fw-la de_fw-la feodis_fw-la &_o tenementis_fw-la suis_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la facere_fw-la &_o sicut_fw-la illis_fw-la statuimus_fw-la per_fw-la common_a consilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la &_o illis_fw-la dedimus_fw-la &_o concessimus_fw-la in_o feodis_fw-la jure_fw-la haereditatio_fw-la hoc_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la violatum_fw-la ullo_fw-la modo_fw-la super_fw-la forisfacturam_fw-la plenam_fw-la here_o the_o word_n statuimus_fw-la etc._n etc._n show_v that_o it_o be_v the_o conqueror_n institution_n and_o concessimus_fw-la in_o feodis_fw-la jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la imply_v that_o feud_n be_v not_o hereditary_a before_o this_o grant_n but_o there_o may_v lie_v the_o same_o objection_n against_o it_o which_o myself_o make_v against_o the_o like_a in_o edw._n the_o confessor_n law_n that_o it_o be_v in_o a_o differ_a letter_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o text_n and_o not_o find_v in_o the_o copy_n leave_v unto_o we_o by_o roger_n hoveden_n i_o acknowledge_v it_o but_o i_o see_v that_o here_o every_o thing_n agree_v with_o the_o manner_n law_n time_n and_o idiom_n of_o the_o conqueror_n and_o i_o conceive_v that_o it_o be_v fall_v out_o as_o it_o do_v of_o old_a in_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a and_o sardis_n and_o many_o other_o too_o several_a council_n to_o be_v join_v together_o for_o hoveden_n mention_v his_o copy_n to_o be_v decretum_fw-la in_o civitate_fw-la claudia_n that_o be_v gloster_n but_o lambard_n his_o to_o be_v in_o civitate_fw-la londra_n london_n so_o that_o they_o seem_v two_o several_a constitution_n make_v at_o several_a time_n and_o place_n and_o here_o put_v together_o into_o one_o howsoever_o it_o be_v it_o be_v very_o observable_a for_o it_o discover_v that_o which_o elsewhere_o we_o meet_v not_o with_o so_o perspicuous_o relate_v that_o the_o great_a dignity_n of_o earl_n and_o baron_n or_o ministerial_a thanes_z which_o before_o be_v arbitrable_a or_o but_o for_o life_n and_o those_o also_o of_o the_o lesser_a sort_n which_o enjoy_v the_o knight_n fee_n no_o otherwise_o than_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v either_o now_o erect_v with_o we_o or_o make_v hereditary_a according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o feodal_n law_n before_o recite_v till_o now_o therefore_o there_o can_v no_o wardship_n marriage_n relief_n or_o other_o feodal_n servitude_n thereupon_o depend_v be_v among_o we_o nor_o can_v the_o word_n feodum_fw-la be_v take_v for_o haereditas_fw-la the_o one_o be_v former_o contrary_a to_o the_o other_o for_o cujacius_n and_o the_o feudist_n feud_n lib._n 2._o tit._n 17._o p._n 166._o make_v proprietas_fw-la alodium_fw-la &_o haereditas_fw-la to_o be_v all_o one_o in_o feodal_n sense_n and_o feodum_fw-la to_o be_v contrary_a to_o they_o all_o as_o res_fw-la alienae_n proprietatis_fw-la servituti_fw-la obnoxia_fw-la &_o successionis_fw-la coercitae_fw-la and_o be_v until_o this_o time_n not_o hereditary_a but_o arbitrable_a the_o course_n be_v thus_o change_v by_o the_o conqueror_n be_v present_o pursue_v here_o in_o england_n according_a to_o the_o norman_a manner_n as_o appear_v in_o doomsday_n where_o it_o be_v say_v habet_fw-la in_o eodem_fw-la feudo_fw-la de_fw-la w._n comite_fw-la radulpho_n de_fw-fr limb_n 50_o carucat_n terrae_fw-la sicut_fw-la fit_a in_o normannia_n he_o join_v normannia_n with_o feudum_n as_o to_o show_v we_o whence_o it_o come_v and_o where_o we_o shall_v see_v the_o pattern_n of_o it_o disuse_v the_o old_a saxon_a manner_n of_o divide_v the_o kingdom_n by_o hide_n and_o levy_v soldier_n according_a to_o the_o hide_n grow_v now_o out_o of_o use_n and_o instead_o thereof_o the_o king_n war_n to_o be_v supply_v by_o knight_n fee_n the_o number_n whereof_o short_o after_o be_v account_v as_o sprott_n the_o monk_n of_o canterbury_n relate_v to_o 60215._o and_o of_o they_o he_o say_v 28115._o be_v in_o the_o clergy_n hand_n the_o norman_n also_o change_v the_o name_n of_o a_o hyde_n of_o land_n and_o call_v it_o carruè_fw-fr a_o plough_n land_n and_o as_o it_o seem_v in_o erect_v and_o lay_v forth_o their_o knight_n fee_n assign_v ordinary_o two_o carrue_n or_o plough_n land_n to_o a_o knight_n fee_n for_o it_o be_v note_v out_o of_o the_o black_a register_n of_o st._n edmunds-bury_a that_o will._n the_o conqueror_n give_v to_o baldwin_n then_o abbot_n there_o octoginta_fw-la carucatas_fw-la terrae_fw-la unde_fw-la feodaret_fw-la quadraginta_fw-la milites_fw-la and_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o so_o much_o land_n in_o those_o time_n be_v a_o knight_n fee_n at_o this_o day_n value_v in_o the_o law_n book_n but_o at_o five_o pound_n chap._n xxviii_o the_o conclusion_n i_o will_v wander_v no_o further_o in_o this_o argument_n i_o suppose_v i_o may_v be_v bold_a out_o of_o that_o which_o be_v already_o say_v to_o conclude_v that_o i_o be_v not_o mistake_v in_o refer_v the_o original_n of_o our_o feud_n in_o england_n to_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o that_o my_o conjecture_n do_v not_o cross_v the_o force_n of_o any_o law_n but_o now_o i_o come_v to_o a_o end_n i_o must_v discover_v a_o great_a mistake_v commit_v by_o he_o that_o draw_v the_o breviate_v for_o the_o reverend_a judge_n for_o he_o have_v make_v we_o all_o on_o both_o side_n like_o pan_n in_o ovid_n to_o touse_v a_o reed-sheaf_n instead_o of_o syrinx_n or_o like_o ixion_n to_o embrace_v a_o cloud_n instead_o of_o juno_n to_o labour_n much_o about_o a_o surmised_a assertion_n of_o his_o own_o instead_o of_o that_o which_o i_o deliver_v the_o truth_n be_v i_o have_v no_o where_o refer_v the_o original_n of_o feud_n in_o england_n to_o the_o norman_a conquest_n nay_o when_o i_o speak_v of_o they_o i_o say_v habentur_fw-la plurima_fw-la quae_fw-la apprime_fw-la huc_fw-la conducunt_fw-la in_o anglo_n saxonum_n nostrorum_fw-la legibus_fw-la and_o this_o i_o still_o affirm_v but_o my_o word_n which_o he_o have_v much_o pervert_v be_v these_o feodorum_fw-la servitutes_fw-la in_o britanniam_fw-la nostram_fw-la primus_fw-la invexit_fw-la gulielmus_fw-la senior_fw-la it_o be_v neither_o my_o word_n nor_o my_o meaning_n to_o say_v that_o he_o first_o bring_v in_o either_o feud_n or_o military_a service_n in_o a_o general_a sense_n but_o that_o he_o bring_v in_o the_o servitude_n and_o grievance_n of_o feud_n viz._n wardship_n marriage_n and_o such_o like_a which_o to_o this_o day_n be_v never_o know_v to_o other_o nation_n that_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o feodal_n law_n there_o be_v great_a difference_n
that_o none_o shall_v be_v put_v to_o further_a trouble_n unless_o the_o king_n be_v own_o necessity_n or_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n require_v it_o therefore_o the_o bishop_n earls_z sheriff_n heretoches_n or_o marshal_n of_o army_n trithingreves_n leidgreves_n lieutenant_n hundredors_n alderman_n magistrate_n reves_n baron_n vavasor_n thungreves_n and_o other_o lord_n of_o land_n must_v be_v all_o diligent_o attend_v at_o these_o assembly_n lest_o that_o the_o lewdness_n of_o offender_n the_o misdemeanour_n gravionum_n i_o of_o sheriff_n and_o the_o ordinary_a corruption_n of_o judge_n escape_v unpunished_a make_v a_o miserable_a spoil_n of_o the_o people_n first_o let_v the_o law_n of_o true_a christianity_n which_o we_o call_v the_o ecclesiastical_a be_v full_o execute_v with_o due_a satisfaction_n then_o let_v the_o plea_n concern_v the_o king_n be_v deal_v with_o and_o last_o those_o between_o party_n and_o party_n and_o whosoever_o the_o church-synod_n shall_v find_v at_o variance_n let_v they_o either_o make_v a_o accord_n between_o they_o in_o love_n or_o sequester_v they_o by_o their_o sentence_n of_o excommunication_n etc._n etc._n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n be_v at_o that_o time_n under_o the_o cognizance_n of_o this_o court_n but_o i_o take_v they_o to_o be_v such_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n as_o be_v ground_v upon_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n make_v by_o the_o king_n themselves_o for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o church_n for_o many_o such_o there_o be_v almost_o in_o every_o king_n time_n and_o not_o for_o matter_n rise_v out_o of_o the_o roman_a canon_n which_o haply_o be_v determinable_a only_o before_o the_o bishop_n and_o his_o minister_n to_o proceed_v before_o they_o enter_v into_o any_o cause_n as_o it_o be_v command_v in_o the_o law_n of_o canutus_n which_o we_o mention_v par_fw-fr 2._o ca._n 17._o the_o bishop_n to_o use_v the_o term_n of_o our_o time_n which_o from_o hence_o take_v the_o original_a give_v a_o solemn_a charge_n unto_o the_o people_n touch_v ecclesiastical_a matter_n open_v unto_o they_o the_o right_n and_o reverence_n of_o the_o church_n and_o their_o duty_n therein_o towards_o god_n and_o the_o king_n according_a to_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o divinity_n then_o the_o alderman_n in_o like_a manner_n relate_v unto_o they_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o their_o duty_n towards_o god_n the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n and_o tenure_n thereof_o of_o all_o which_o because_o i_o find_v a_o notable_a precedent_n in_o a_o synodal_n edict_n make_v by_o carolus_n calvus_n emperor_n and_o king_n of_o france_n in_o council_n carissiaco_fw-it an._n dom._n 856._o i_o will_v here_o add_v it_o not_o to_o show_v that_o our_o saxon_n take_v their_o form_n of_o government_n from_o the_o french_a but_o that_o both_o the_o french_a and_o they_o as_o brethren_n descend_v from_o one_o parent_n the_o german_a keep_v the_o right_n and_o law_n of_o their_o natural_a country_n episcopi_fw-la quinque_fw-la in_o suis_fw-la parochiis_fw-la &_o missi_fw-la in_o illorum_fw-la missaticis_fw-la comitesque_fw-la in_o eorum_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la pariter_fw-la placita_fw-la teneant_fw-la quo_fw-la omnes_fw-la reipub._n ministri_fw-la &_o vassi_n dominici_n omnesque_fw-la quicunque_fw-la vel_fw-la quorumcunque_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o iisdem_fw-la parochiis_fw-la &_o comitatibus_fw-la sine_fw-la ulla_fw-la personaram_fw-la acceptione_n &_o excusatione_n aut_fw-la dilatione_fw-la conveniant_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o be_v the_o bishop_n in_o their_o parish_n or_o diocese_n and_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a or_o alderman_n in_o their_o circuit_n and_o the_o earl_n in_o their_o county_n shall_v hold_v their_o plea_n together_o whereunto_o all_o minister_n and_o officer_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n all_o the_o king_n baron_n and_o all_o other_o whatsoever_o they_o be_v or_o who_o tenant_n soever_o they_o be_v within_o the_o same_o parish_n or_o county_n without_o any_o respect_n of_o person_n excuse_n or_o delay_n shall_v assemble_v together_o and_o the_o bishop_n of_o that_o parish_n or_o diocese_n have_v brief_o note_v sentence_n touch_v the_o matter_n out_o of_o the_o evangelist_n apostle_n and_o prophet_n shall_v read_v they_o to_o the_o people_n and_o also_o the_o decree_n apostolic_a and_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n and_o in_o open_a and_o plain_a term_n shall_v instruct_v they_o all_o what_o manner_n and_o how_o great_a a_o sin_n it_o be_v to_o violate_v or_o spoil_v the_o church_n and_o what_o and_o how_o great_a penance_n and_o what_o merciless_a and_o severe_a punishment_n it_o require_v with_o other_o accustom_a necessary_a and_o profitable_a admonishment_n the_o alderman_n also_o or_o justice_n shall_v note_v down_o such_o sentence_n of_o law_n as_o they_o call_v to_o mind_n and_o shall_v publish_v unto_o they_o the_o constitution_n of_o we_o and_o our_o predecessor_n king_n and_o emperor_n gather_v together_o touch_v this_o matter_n and_o the_o bishop_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o god_n and_o the_o apostle_n and_o the_o alderman_n or_o justice_n and_o earl_n under_o the_o penalty_n of_o the_o king_n law_n shall_v with_o all_o the_o care_n they_o can_v prohibit_v every_o man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n from_o make_v any_o prey_n or_o spoil_v of_o the_o church_n etc._n etc._n of_o parliament_n when_o state_n be_v depart_v from_o their_o original_a constitution_n and_o that_o original_a by_o tract_n of_o time_n wear_v out_o of_o memory_n the_o succeed_a age_n view_v what_o be_v pass_v by_o the_o present_a conceive_v the_o former_a to_o have_v be_v like_o to_o that_o they_o live_v in_o and_o frame_v thereupon_o erroneous_a proposition_n do_v likewise_o make_v thereon_o erroneous_a inference_n and_o conclusion_n i_o will_v not_o pry_v too_o bold_o into_o this_o ark_n of_o secret_n but_o have_v see_v more_o parliament_n miscarry_v yea_o suffer_v shipwreck_n within_o these_o sixteen_o year_n past_a than_o in_o many_o hundred_o heretofore_o i_o desire_v for_o my_o understanding_n sake_n to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o beginning_n and_o nature_n of_o parliament_n not_o meddle_v with_o they_o of_o our_o time_n which_o may_v displease_v both_o court_n and_o country_n but_o with_o those_o of_o old_a which_o now_o be_v like_o the_o siege_n of_o troy_n matter_n only_o of_o story_n and_o discourse_n because_o none_o shall_v go_v beyond_o i_o in_o this_o argument_n i_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o foundation_n of_o kingdom_n which_o of_o necessity_n must_v be_v more_o ancient_a than_o parliament_n for_o that_o a_o parliament_n be_v the_o grand_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n assemble_v at_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o king_n for_o advice_n in_o matter_n of_o state_n our_o first_o labour_n be_v then_o to_o see_v what_o this_o grand-council_n be_v original_o it_o be_v confess_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o the_o king_n be_v universal_a lord_n of_o his_o whole_a territory_n and_o that_o no_o man_n possess_v any_o part_n thereof_o but_o derive_v from_o he_o either_o mediate_o or_o immediate_o this_o derivation_n thus_o proceed_v the_o king_n in_o the_o beginning_n divide_v his_o whole_a territory_n into_o two_o part_n one_o to_o be_v manure_v by_o his_o own_o tenant_n and_o husbandman_n then_o call_v socman_n for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n use_v in_o those_o day_n to_o stock_n their_o ground_n themselves_o like_o the_o king_n of_o israel_n and_o by_o the_o profit_n thereof_o especial_o to_o maintain_v their_o hospitality_n their_o court_n and_o estate_n have_v in_o every_o manor_n officer_n and_o servant_n for_o that_o purpose_n this_o part_n be_v sacrum_n patrimonium_fw-la the_o inseparable_a inheritance_n of_o the_o crown_n call_v in_o doomsday_n terra_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o in_o law_n the_o ancient_n demaine_n and_o because_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o husbandry_n of_o the_o king_n all_o that_o manure_v or_o hold_v any_o part_n of_o this_o land_n be_v say_v to_o be_v tenant_n in_o socage_n and_o may_v not_o be_v draw_v into_o the_o war_n of_o which_o nature_n as_o touch_v their_o tenure_n they_o continue_v at_o this_o day_n the_o other_o part_n of_o his_o whole_a territory_n he_o portion_v out_o to_o military_a man_n which_o though_o the_o other_o be_v the_o more_o profitable_a yet_o this_o be_v always_o hold_v for_o the_o more_o honourable_a and_o therefore_o so_o divide_v this_o among_o his_o noble_n and_o chief_a servant_n and_o follower_n for_o supportation_n in_o his_o war_n and_o royal_a estate_n to_o some_o in_o great_a measure_n to_o other_o in_o less_o according_a to_o their_o merit_n and_o quality_n province_n to_o duke_n county_n to_o earl_n castle_n and_o signiory_n unto_o baron_n render_v unto_o he_o not_o ex_fw-la pacto_fw-la vel_fw-la condicto_fw-la for_o that_o be_v but_o cautela_fw-la superabundans_fw-la but_o of_o common_a right_n and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o so_o i_o may_v term_v the_o feodal-law_n then_o to_o be_v in_o our_o western_a orb_n all_o feodal_n duty_n and_o service_n due_a from_o the_o donee_n and_o their_o
heir_n upon_o every_o gift_n grant_v and_o alienation_n though_o no_o word_n be_v speak_v of_o they_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o feodal-law_n from_o whence_o all_o that_o part_n of_o our_o common-law_n that_o concern_v tee_fw-mi and_o tenor_n have_v original_a and_o which_o our_o common-law_n also_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v always_o due_a ....._o ãâ¦ã_z those_o that_o thus_o receive_v their_o territory_n from_o the_o king_n be_v say_v to_o hold_v they_o in_o capite_fw-la for_o that_o the_o king_n be_v caput_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o be_v thereupon_o call_v capitanei_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o capitanei_fw-la regni_fw-la otherwise_o barones_n regis_n the_o king_n man_n tenant_n or_o vassal_n who_o have_v all_o the_o land_n divide_v among_o they_o save_v that_o which_o the_o king_n reserve_v to_o himself_o as_o sacrum_n patrimonium_fw-la be_v also_o call_v pares_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o be_v always_o upon_o commandment_n about_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n to_o defend_v he_o and_o his_o territory_n in_o war_n and_o to_o counsel_n and_o advise_v he_o in_o peace_n either_o judicial_o in_o matter_n of_o law_n bring_v before_o the_o king_n in_o his_o palace_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v the_o only_a place_n of_o royal_a justice_n or_o political_o in_o the_o great_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n hereupon_o they_o be_v not_o only_o 216._o call_v praetorianum_fw-la consilium_fw-la as_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n palace_n but_o magnum_fw-la concilium_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o magnum_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la for_o that_o in_o those_o time_n it_o belong_v only_o to_o they_o to_o consult_v with_o the_o king_n on_o state-matter_n and_o matter_n of_o the_o kingdom_n insomuch_o as_o no_o other_o in_o the_o kingdom_n possess_v any_o thing_n but_o under_o they_o and_o therefore_o as_o in_o despotical_a government_n the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o family_n conclude_v the_o menial_a and_o the_o whole_a family_n so_o the_o agreement_n and_o disagreement_n of_o the_o chief_a lord_n or_o he_o that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la conclude_v all_o that_o depend_v on_o he_o or_o claim_v under_o he_o in_o any_o matter_n touch_v his_o fee_n or_o tenure_n to_o this_o purpose_n seem_v that_o in_o the_o 17._o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n ratify_v by_o the_o conqueror_n debet_fw-la etiam_fw-la rex_fw-la omne_fw-la ritè_fw-la facere_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la &_o per_fw-la judicium_fw-la procârum_fw-la regni_fw-la these_o great_a lord_n according_a to_o this_o archetype_n of_o government_n set_v they_o by_o the_o king_n divide_v their_o land_n in_o like_a manner_n among_o their_o tenant_n and_o follower_n first_o they_o assign_v a_o portion_n ad_fw-la victum_fw-la &_o vestitum_fw-la suum_fw-la which_o they_o commit_v over_o to_o their_o socman_n and_o husbandman_n to_o furnish_v they_o with_o corn_n victual_n and_o provision_n for_o hospitality_n and_o brief_o all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o their_o domestical_a and_o civil_a part_n of_o life_n the_o residue_n they_o divide_v into_o as_o many_o share_n or_o portion_n as_o may_v well_o maintain_v so_o many_o military_a man_n who_o then_o they_o call_v their_o knight_n and_o thereupon_o the_o share_n themselves_o knights-fee_n i._n e._n stipendia_fw-la militaria_fw-la and_o these_o fee_n they_o grant_v over_o to_o each_o of_o their_o principal_a follower_n furnish_v they_o with_o so_o many_o knight_n for_o the_o war_n these_o grantee_n that_o receive_v their_o estate_n from_o the_o baron_n or_o capitanei_fw-la and_o not_o from_o the_o king_n be_v call_v valvasore_n a_o degree_n above_o knight_n and_o be_v unto_o their_o lord_n the_o capitanei_fw-la or_o barones_n regis_fw-la as_o they_o the_o capitanei_fw-la be_v unto_o the_o king_n and_o do_v in_o like_a manner_n subdivide_v their_o land_n among_o their_o socman_n and_o military_a follower_n who_o in_o old_a time_n be_v call_v valvasini_n who_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o same_o at_o this_o day_n that_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o every_o manor_n if_o not_o those_o themselves_o that_o we_o call_v knight_n as_o owner_n of_o a_o knights-fee_n for_o in_o this_o the_o feodal-law_n itself_o be_v doubtful_a and_o various_a as_o of_o a_o thing_n lose_v by_o antiquity_n or_o make_v uncertain_a by_o the_o differ_a manner_n of_o several_a nation_n insomuch_o that_o valvasore_n and_o valvasini_n grow_v to_o be_v confound_v and_o both_o of_o they_o at_o last_o to_o be_v out_o of_o use_n and_o no_o other_o military_a tenor_n to_o be_v know_v among_o we_o than_o tenere_fw-la pâr_fw-la baroniam_fw-la and_o tenere_fw-la per_fw-la feodum_fw-la militare_fw-la but_o in_o a_o comitatib_n charter_n of_o henr._n i._n it_o be_v say_v si_fw-la exurgat_fw-la placitum_fw-la de_fw-la divisione_n terrarum_fw-la si_fw-la interest_n barones_n meos_fw-la dominicos_fw-la tractetur_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la mea_fw-la &_o si_fw-la inter_fw-la vavassores_fw-la duorum_fw-la dominorum_fw-la tractetur_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la etc._n etc._n where_o the_o valvasore_n be_v also_o and_o the_o baron_n themselves_o 8._o suitor_n and_o attendant_n bracton_n mention_v they_o in_o henry_n iii_n time_n to_o be_v 4._o viri_fw-la magnae_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la nor_o be_v their_o memory_n clean_o go_v in_o richard_n ii_n day_n as_o appear_v by_o chaucer_n yet_o do_v i_o not_o find_v in_o any_o of_o our_o ancient_a law_n or_o monument_n that_o they_o stand_v in_o any_o classic_n kind_a of_o tenure_n other_o than_o that_o we_o may_v account_v the_o baron_n vavasor_n and_o knight_n to_o be_v as_o our_o lawyer_n at_o this_o day_n term_v they_o the_o chief_a lord_n mesne_n and_o tenant_n but_o herein_o the_o feodal-law_n of_o our_o country_n differ_v from_o that_o of_o milan_n and_o other_o part_n for_o there_o the_o valvasini_n can_v invest_v which_o we_o call_v infeosse_v none_o under_o they_o in_o fee_n that_o be_v to_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knights-service_n and_o with_o we_o every_o tenant_n par_fw-fr aval_a might_n in_o infinitum_fw-la till_o the_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la enfeoffe_v another_o by_o knight-service_n and_o to_o do_v all_o the_o service_n unto_o he_o that_o he_o do_v to_o his_o mesne_n lord_n so_o that_o by_o this_o mean_n a_o line_n of_o knights-service_n may_v be_v create_v of_o a_o dozen_o yea_o twenty_o mean-lord_n and_o tenant_n wherein_o every_o of_o they_o may_v have_v his_o prochine_n tenant_n oblige_v unto_o he_o in_o the_o duty_n and_o service_n that_o his_o lord_n paramont_n which_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n be_v to_o do_v and_o yield_v unto_o the_o king_n himself_o for_o the_o same_o land_n viz._n honour_n ward_n sustenance_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr safety_n marriage_n  _fw-fr give_v keep_v  _fw-fr attendance_n relief_n counsel_n to_o aid_n defence_n of_o his_o person_n tribute_n fidelity_n  _fw-fr defence_n of_o his_o patrimony_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr all_o which_o in_o ancient_a time_n while_o the_o feodal-law_n flourish_v be_v well_o understand_v to_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o profession_n of_o homage_n and_o the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n which_o every_o feodal_n tenant_n or_o as_o other_o call_v he_o vassal_n usual_o do_v unto_o his_o lord_n honour_n 1._o promise_v by_o the_o tenant_n upon_o his_o knee_n in_o do_v homage_n which_o though_o it_o be_v the_o great_a and_o most_o submiss_a service_n that_o a_o freeman_n can_v do_v unto_o his_o lord_n yet_o the_o profession_n of_o it_o to_o the_o mean_a subject_n be_v as_o ample_a and_o submiss_a yea_o in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n that_o to_o the_o king_n himself_o attendance_n 284._o to_o follow_v and_o attend_v he_o in_o the_o war_n at_o his_o own_o charge_n and_o in_o peace_n with_o suit_n of_o court_n therefore_o tacitus_n call_v they_o comites_fw-la defence_n of_o his_o person_n for_o if_o he_o forsake_v his_o lord_n be_v in_o danger_n it_o be_v forfeiture_n of_o life_n land_n and_o all_o he_o have_v defence_n of_o his_o signiory_n that_o nothing_o of_o his_o land_n rent_n or_o service_n be_v withhold_v or_o withdraw_v profit_n by_o ward_n marriage_n and_o relief_n as_o they_o fall_v tribute_n by_o way_n of_o aid_n to_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n to_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n 133._o ransom_n himself_o be_v take_v prisoner_n yea_o in_o some_o place_n to_o be_v a_o hostage_n for_o his_o lord_n sustenance_n ibid._n that_o be_v fall_v into_o poverty_n according_a to_o that_o in_o the_o canon_n law_n speak_v of_o a_o patron_n alatur_fw-la egenus_fw-la counsel_n and_o advice_n in_o which_o respect_n the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v ordinary_o once_o in_o every_o three_o week_n to_o come_v to_o his_o lord_n court_n and_o there_o as_o a_o judge_n with_o other_o of_o his_o peer_n to_o censure_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o signiory_n and_o to_o direct_v his_o lord_n as_o the_o cause_n occurrent_a do_v require_v and_o always_o to_o keep_v his_o counsel_n this_o to_o the_o mean_a lord_n be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o king_n be_v great_a court_n or_o counsel_n call_v afterward_o a_o parlyment_n fidelity_n for_o
consent_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o baron_n for_o in_o his_o charter_n whereby_o he_o divide_v the_o court-christian_a from_o the_o temporal_a he_o say_v thus_o sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la episcopales_fw-la leges_fw-la communi_fw-la concilio_n &_o consilio_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la meorum_fw-la &_o caeterorum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o abbatum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la principum_fw-la regni_fw-la mei_fw-la emendandas_fw-la judicavi_fw-la and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v that_o same_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la whereby_o he_o make_v the_o law_n he_o speak_v of_o in_o his_o charter_n of_o the_o great_a establishment_n aforesaid_a william_n rufus_n in_o an._n 1094._o call_n 26._o episcopos_fw-la abbates_n cunctosque_fw-la regni_fw-la principes_fw-la to_o a_o council_n at_o rochingheham_n 5._o id._n mar._n henry_n 1._o de_fw-fr communi_fw-la concilio_n gentis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la say_v matthew_n paris_n posuit_fw-la dunelmensem_fw-la episcopum_fw-la in_o vinculis_fw-la where_o gentis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la may_v be_v extend_v to_o such_o a_o parliament_n as_o we_o use_v at_o this_o day_n if_o the_o use_n of_o that_o time_n have_v bear_v it_o but_o eadmere_n speak_v of_o a_o great_a counsel_n hold_v a_o little_a after_o at_o lambeth_n call_v it_o concilium_fw-la magnatum_fw-la utriusque_fw-la ordinis_fw-la exclude_v plain_o the_o commons_o and_o to_o that_o effect_n be_v also_o all_o the_o other_o council_n of_o his_o time_n but_o our_o late_a chronicler_n follow_v 188._o polydore_n as_o it_o seem_v for_o they_o cite_v no_o author_n do_v affirm_v that_o henry_n i._o in_o the_o sixteen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n hold_v the_o first_o parliament_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n the_o truth_n whereof_o i_o have_v take_v some_o pain_n to_o examine_v but_o can_v find_v nothing_o to_o make_v it_o good_a 117._o eadmerus_n who_o flourish_v at_o that_o very_a time_n write_v particular_o of_o this_o council_n or_o assembly_n say_v xiii_o kal._n aprilis_n factus_fw-la est_fw-la conventus_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la apud_fw-la serberiam_fw-la cogente_fw-la eos_fw-la illuc_fw-la sanctione_n regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la i._n and_o among_o other_o cause_n handle_v there_o he_o show_v this_o to_o be_v the_o principal_a viz._n that_o the_o king_n be_v to_o go_v into_o normandy_n and_o not_o know_v how_o god_n may_v dispose_v of_o he_o he_o desire_v that_o the_o succession_n may_v be_v confirm_v on_o his_o son_n william_n whereupon_o say_v eadmer_n omnes_fw-la principes_fw-la facti_fw-la sunt_fw-la homines_fw-la ipsius_fw-la willielmi_n fide_fw-la &_o sacramento_n confirmati_fw-la florentius_n wigorniensis_n who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n and_o die_v about_o two_o year_n after_o 1116._o report_v it_o to_o the_o same_o effect_n conventio_fw-la optimatum_fw-la &_o baronum_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la apud_fw-la sealesbiriam_n 14._o cal._n apr._n facta_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la in_fw-la praesentia_fw-la regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la homagium_fw-la filio_fw-la svo_fw-la gulielmo_n fecerunt_fw-la &_o fidelitatem_fw-la ei_fw-la juraverunt_fw-la here_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o the_o commons_o who_o in_o likelihood_n they_o shall_v not_o have_v pretermit_v if_o they_o have_v be_v there_o assemble_v contrary_a to_o the_o usual_a custom_n of_o those_o time_n nor_o do_v any_o succeed_a walsingh_n author_n that_o i_o can_v find_v once_o touch_v upon_o it_o i_o conceive_v there_o may_v a_o mistake_n grow_v by_o polydore_n or_o some_o other_o for_o that_o many_o of_o the_o commons_o if_o not_o all_o be_v at_o this_o time_n general_o swear_v to_o prince_n william_n as_o well_o as_o the_o baron_n be_v and_o as_o after_o in_o the_o year_n 1127._o to_o maud_n his_o daughter_n prince_n william_n be_v then_o dead_a but_o i_o no_o where_o find_v in_o all_o the_o council_n or_o parliament_n if_o you_o so_o will_v call_v they_o of_o this_o time_n any_o mention_n make_v of_o any_o other_o than_o the_o bishop_n baron_n and_o great_a person_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n stephen_n the_o first_o alteration_n that_o i_o meet_v with_o be_v in_o the_o twenty_o second_o year_n of_o hen._n ii_o where_o benedict_n abbas_n say_v circa_n festum_fw-la s._n pauli_n venit_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la northampton_n &_o magnum_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la concilium_fw-la de_fw-la statutis_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la &_o per_fw-la consilium_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la here_o militum_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la extend_v beyond_o the_o baron_n and_o agree_v with_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n as_o after_z shall_v appear_v yet_o hoveden_n speak_v of_o this_o council_n do_v not_o mention_v they_o but_o only_o term_v it_o magnum_fw-la concilium_fw-la but_o there_o happen_v about_o this_o time_n a_o notable_a alteration_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o owner_n of_o town_n which_o before_o manure_v their_o land_n by_o tenant_n at_o will_n begin_v now_o general_o to_o grant_v they_o estate_n in_o fee_n and_o thereby_o to_o make_v a_o great_a multitude_n of_o freeholders_n more_o than_o have_v be_v who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o several_a interest_n and_o be_v not_o so_o absolute_o tie_v unto_o their_o lord_n as_o in_o former_a time_n begin_v now_o to_o be_v a_o more_o eminent_a part_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o more_o to_o be_v respect_v therefore_o in_o make_v law_n to_o bind_v they_o and_o their_o inheritance_n but_o the_o word_n militum_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la imply_v such_o as_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la not_o per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la and_o therefore_o be_v no_o baron_n yet_o such_o as_o by_o right_a of_o their_o tenure_n ought_v to_o have_v some_o voice_n or_o patron_n to_o speak_v for_o they_o in_o the_o council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n as_o the_o baron_n do_v they_o can_v not_o be_v patronise_v under_o they_o and_o doubtless_o they_o be_v not_o many_o at_o this_o time_n though_o much_o increase_v since_o the_o make_n of_o domesdei_n book_n where_o those_o few_o that_o be_v then_o be_v mention_v and_o it_o may_v be_v the_o word_n hominum_fw-la here_o do_v signify_v those_o that_o serve_v for_o burrough-town_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n for_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o tenant_n not_o of_o servant_n to_o grope_v no_o further_o in_o this_o darkness_n the_o first_o certain_a light_n that_o i_o discover_v for_o the_o form_n of_o our_o parliament_n at_o this_o day_n be_v that_o which_o rise_v forty_o year_n after_o in_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n the_o word_n whereof_o i_o will_v recite_v at_o large_a as_o they_o stand_v not_o only_o in_o matthew_n paris_n but_o also_o in_o the_o red-book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n with_o some_o little_a difference_n happen_v in_o the_o write_n et_fw-la civitas_n londinensis_fw-la habeat_fw-la omnes_fw-la antiquas_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terras_fw-la quam_fw-la per_fw-la aquas_fw-la praetereà _fw-la volumus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la aliae_fw-la civitates_fw-la &_o burgi_n &_o villae_fw-la &_o barones_n the_o quinque_fw-la portubus_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la portus_n habeant_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la et_fw-la ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_v consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la aliter_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o maritandââ_n tribus_fw-la casibus_fw-la praedictis_fw-la &_o de_fw-la scutagiis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la summoneri_fw-la faciemus_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n comites_fw-la &_o majores_fw-la barones_n regni_fw-la sigillatim_fw-la per_fw-la literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la et_fw-la praetereà _fw-la faciemus_fw-la summoneri_fw-la in_o generali_fw-la per_fw-la vicecomites_a &_o ballivos_fw-la nostros_fw-la omnes_fw-la alius_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la tenent_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la ad_fw-la certum_fw-la diem_fw-la scil_n ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la 40._o dierum_fw-la ad_fw-la minus_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la certum_fw-la locum_fw-la &_o in_o omnibus_fw-la literis_fw-la summonitionis_fw-la illius_fw-la causam_fw-la summonitionis_fw-la illius_fw-la exponemus_fw-la et_fw-la sic_fw-la facta_fw-la summonitione_fw-la negotium_fw-la procedat_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la assignatum_fw-la secundum_fw-la consilium_fw-la eorum_fw-la qui_fw-la praesentes_fw-la fuerint_fw-la quamvis_fw-la non_fw-la omnes_fw-la summoniti_fw-la venerint_fw-la here_o be_v lay_v forth_o the_o member_n the_o matter_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o summon_v of_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o as_o it_o seem_v be_v not_o yet_o in_o the_o record_n of_o state_n call_v a_o parliament_n the_o member_n be_v of_o three_o sort_n first_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o the_o great_a baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o call_v to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o lesser_a baron_n which_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o manor_n second_o those_o here_o before_o mention_v by_o bened._n abbas_n to_o be_v call_v to_o clarenden_n that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o i_o take_v to_o be_v now_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o three_o those_o of_o city_n burrough_n and_o
durandus_fw-la in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o seven_o book_n reckon_v the_o purification_n ascension_n and_o st._n john_n baptist_n to_o be_v grand_a day_n not_o mention_v all-saint_n but_o both_o he_o in_o his_o 34_o the_o chapter_n and_o belethus_n in_o his_o do_v call_v it_o festum_fw-la maximum_fw-la &_o generale_fw-mi be_v not_o only_o the_o feast_n of_o apostle_n and_o martyr_n but_o of_o the_o trinity_n angel_n and_o confessor_n as_o durandus_fw-la term_v it_o and_o that_o honour_v therefore_o and_o duty_n quoth_v in_o singulis_fw-la valet_fw-la potentius_fw-la valebit_fw-la in_o conjunctis_fw-la as_o for_o the_o feast_n of_o all-soul_n neither_o durandus_fw-la nor_o belethus_n nor_o any_o ancient_a of_o those_o time_n for_o they_o live_v almost_o 400._o year_n since_o do_v record_v it_o for_o a_o festival_n but_o our_o countryman_n walsingham_n the_o monk_n of_o st._n alban_n say_v that_o simon_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n in_o the_o year_n 1328._o at_o a_o provincial_a council_n hold_v at_o london_n do_v ordain_v quod_fw-la die_fw-la parasceve_fw-la &_o in_o commemoratione_n omnium_fw-la animarum_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la servili_fw-la opere_fw-la cessaretur_fw-la sure_o he_o mistake_v it_o for_o neither_o be_v it_o so_o mention_v in_o lindewood_n recite_v that_o canon_n nor_o in_o the_o ancient_a copy_n of_o the_o council_n itself_o where_o the_o two_o feast_n canonize_v by_o he_o be_v the_o paresceve_fw-mi and_o the_o conception_n of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n yet_o doubtless_o whensoever_o it_o be_v institute_v it_o be_v a_o great_a feast_n with_o we_o though_o no_o where_o else_o for_o the_o old_a breviarium_fw-la eboracensis_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la do_v not_o only_o set_v it_o down_o in_o the_o calendar_n for_o a_o double_a feast_n but_o appoint_v after_o the_o whole_a service_n with_o the_o nine_o lesson_n for_o it_o as_o a_o feast_n of_o the_o trinity_n and_o though_o neither_o the_o statute_n of_o edward_n vi._n nor_o our_o church_n at_o this_o day_n do_v receive_v it_o yet_o be_v former_o a_o vacation_n day_n as_o it_o seem_v our_o judge_n still_o forbear_v to_o sit_v upon_o it_o as_o not_o hitherto_o make_v a_o day_n in_o court_n though_o deprive_v of_o festival_n rite_n and_o therefore_o neither_o grace_v with_o robe_n nor_o feast_v ãâã_d the_o feast_n also_o of_o st._n peter_n and_o paul_n on_o the_o 29_o the_o of_o june_n be_v a_o double_a feast_n yet_o it_o be_v now_o become_v single_a and_o our_o judge_n sit_v upon_o it_o i_o confess_v i_o have_v not_o find_v the_o reason_n unless_o that_o by_o decanonize_a st._n paul_n and_o so_o leave_v st._n peter_n single_a we_o allow_v he_o no_o prerogative_n above_o the_o other_o apostle_n lest_o it_o shall_v give_v colour_n for_o his_o primacy_n for_o to_o st._n paul_n as_o one_o bear_v out_o of_o time_n we_o allow_v no_o festival_n either_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o edward_n vi_o or_o in_o the_o almanac_n and_o kalendar_n of_o our_o church_n and_o why_o st._n peter_n have_v it_o not_o be_v the_o more_o observable_a for_o that_o he_o not_o only_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o ancient_a right_n of_o his_o apostleship_n contrary_a to_o the_o canon_n as_o the_o other_o be_v but_o also_o of_o the_o privilege_n give_v he_o in_o that_o place_n by_o pope_n nicholas_n the_o 2_o d._n in_o a_o bull_n to_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o be_v patron_n of_o the_o paroche_n and_o dedication_n of_o westminster_n where_o the_o term_n be_v keep_v and_o where_o by_o the_o right_n of_o his_o day_n he_o be_v also_o privilege_v from_o court_n business_n other_o festival_n i_o inquire_v not_o after_o as_o of_o st._n dunstan_n and_o the_o rest_n that_o stand_v rubricate_a in_o old_a kalendar_n they_o be_v either_o abrogate_a by_o old_a canon_n of_o our_o own_o church_n or_o the_o statute_n of_o edward_n vi_o whereof_o i_o must_v note_v by_o the_o way_n that_o i_o find_v it_o repeal_v by_o queen_n mary_n but_o not_o revive_v by_o queen_n elizabeth_n or_o since_o too_o day_n i_o be_o carry_v from_o the_o brevity_n i_o intend_v yet_o all_o this_o lie_v in_o my_o way_n nor_o be_v it_o out_o of_o it_o to_o speak_v a_o word_n of_o st._n george's-day_n which_o sometime_o fall_v in_o easter-term_n and_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o court_n royal_a with_o great_a solemnity_n but_o not_o in_o the_o court_v judicial_a though_o he_o stand_v before_o in_o the_o calendar_n and_o be_v the_o english_a patron_n of_o elder_a time_n yet_o h._n chichley_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n give_v he_o his_o greatness_n by_o canonise_a his_o day_n to_o be_v as_o a_o double_a feast_n and_o grand_a day_n as_o well_o among_o the_o clergy_n as_o laity_n and_o that_o both_o the_o one_o and_o other_o repair_v to_o their_o church_n shall_v celebrate_v it_o as_o christmass-day_n free_a from_o servile-work_n in_o ardent_a prayer_n for_o safety_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n the_o occasion_n of_o this_o constitution_n be_v to_o excite_v king_n henry_n the_o v._o be_v upon_o his_o expedition_n for_o normandy_n and_o though_o this_o among_o other_o holiday_n be_v abolish_v by_o the_o statute_n 5._o and_o 6._o of_o edw._n vi._n yet_o it_o be_v the_o festival_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o garter_n it_o be_v provide_v in_o the_o statute_n that_o the_o knight_n may_v celebrate_v it_o on_o the_o 22_o d._n 23_o d._n and_o 24_o the_o of_o april_n other_o feast_n there_o be_v of_o this_o nature_n as_o that_o of_o st._n wenefred_n on_o the_o second_o of_o november_n which_o be_v in_o effect_n no_o day_n of_o sit_v but_o apply_v to_o the_o prick_n of_o sheriff_n these_o be_v vanish_v and_o in_o their_o room_n we_o have_v one_o new_o memorable_o day_n of_o intermit_a court_n and_o law_n business_n for_o a_o little_a in_o the_o morning_n whilst_o the_o judge_n in_o their_o robe_n go_v solemn_o to_o the_o great_a church_n at_o westminster_n on_o the_o five_o of_o november_n yearly_o to_o give_v god_n thanks_o for_o our_o great_a delivery_n from_o the_o powder-treason_n and_o hear_v a_o sermon_n touch_v it_o which_o do_v they_o return_v to_o their_o bench_n the_o institution_n hereof_o be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n jacobi_n and_o it_o be_v of_o the_o kind_n of_o those_o ferial_a day_n which_o be_v ordain_v by_o the_o emperor_n not_o by_o the_o pope_n be_v in_o canon_n and_o civil_a law_n call_v dies_fw-la feriati_fw-la repentini_fw-la i_o will_v go_v no_o far_o among_o the_o tedious_a subtlety_n of_o distinguish_v of_o day_n i_o have_v not_o be_v matriculate_v in_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n and_o i_o confess_v i_o neither_o do_v nor_o can_v explain_v many_o objection_n and_o contrariety_n that_o may_v be_v gather_v in_o these_o passage_n some_o oedipus_n or_o ariadne_n must_v help_v i_o out_o chap._n iii_o why_o some_o law_n business_n may_v be_v do_v on_o day_n exempt_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n let_v we_o see_v why_o some_o law_n business_n may_v be_v do_v on_o day_n exempt_v and_o sometime_o on_o sunday_n itself_o notwithstanding_o any_o thing_n before_o mention_v for_o as_o in_o termtime_n some_o day_n be_v exempt_v from_o term_n business_n and_o some_o portion_n of_o the_o day_n from_o sit_v in_o court_n so_o in_o the_o vacation-time_n and_o day_n exempt_v some_o law_n business_n may_v be_v perform_v by_o express_a permission_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n according_a to_o that_o of_o the_o 1._o poet_n in_o the_o georgic_n quip_n etiam_fw-la festis_fw-la quaedam_fw-la exercere_fw-la diebus_fw-la fas_fw-la &_o jura_fw-la sinunt_fw-la the_o synod_n of_o medard_n admit_v matter_n the_o pace_n &_o concordia_fw-la to_o be_v dispatch_v both_o on_o holy_a day_n and_o on_o sunday_n itself_o the_o law_n of_o hen._n i._n matter_n of_o concord_n and_o do_v fealty_n to_o the_o lord_n the_o decree_n of_o gregory_n ix_o case_n of_o necessity_n and_o do_v piety_n according_a to_o that_o of_o ep._n prosper_n non_fw-la recto_fw-la seruat_fw-la legalia_fw-la sabbata_n cultu_fw-la qui_fw-la pietatis_fw-la opus_fw-la credit_n in_o his_o vetitum_fw-la the_o rule_n be_v verify_v by_o our_o saviour_n heal_v on_o the_o sabbath_n out_o of_o these_o and_o such_o other_o authority_n of_o the_o law_n ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a cite_v in_o the_o gloss_n the_o canonist_n have_v collect_v these_o case_n wherein_o judge_n may_v proceed_v legal_o upon_o the_o day_n prohibit_v or_o do_v the_o thing_n herein_o follow_v for_o matter_n of_o 17._o peace_n and_o concord_n by_o reason_n whereof_o our_o judge_n take_v the_o acknowledgement_n of_o fines_n statute_n recognizance_n etc._n etc._n upon_o any_o day_n even_o the_o sabbath-day_n though_o it_o be_v better_a than_o forbear_v if_o necessity_n require_v it_o not_o for_o suppress_v of_o traitor_n thief_n and_o notoriours_n offender_n which_o may_v otherwise_o trouble_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o endanger_v the_o kingdom_n for_o manumission_n of_o bondman_n a_o work_n of_o piety_n for_o save_v that_o which_o
otherwise_o will_v perish_v a_o work_n of_o necessity_n for_o do_v that_o which_o time_n overslipt_v can_v be_v do_v as_o for_o make_v appeal_n within_o the_o time_n limit_v etc._n etc._n for_o take_v the_o benefit_n of_o a_o witness_n that_o otherwise_o will_v be_v lose_v as_o by_o death_n or_o departure_n for_o make_v the_o son_n svi_fw-la juris_fw-la as_o if_o among_o we_o the_o lord_n shall_v discharge_v his_o ward_n of_o wardship_n all_o which_o be_v express_v in_o these_o verse_n haec_fw-la faciunt_fw-la causas_fw-la festis_fw-la tractare_fw-la diebus_fw-la pax_fw-la scelus_fw-la admissum_fw-la manumissio_fw-la res_fw-la peritura_fw-la terminus_n expirans_fw-la mora_fw-la testis_fw-la abesse_fw-la volentis_fw-la cumque_fw-la potestatis_fw-la patriae_fw-la jus_o filius_fw-la exit_fw-la or_o thus_o according_a to_o panormitanus_fw-la ratione_fw-la appellationis_fw-la pacis_fw-la necessitatis_fw-la celeritatis_fw-la pietatis_fw-la matrimonii_fw-la latrocinii_fw-la &_o ubicunque_fw-la in_o mora_fw-la promptum_fw-la est_fw-la periculum_fw-la so_o likewise_o by_o consent_n of_o party_n upon_o dies_fw-la feriati_fw-la minus_fw-la solennes_n viz._n harvest_n hay-seed_n etc._n etc._n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o and_o divers_a other_o there_o be_v whereof_o see_v the_o 4._o gloss_n in_o gratian_n and_o in_o the_o chapter_n conquestus_fw-la but_o especial_o the_o title_n 12._o de_fw-fr feriis_fw-la &_o dilationibus_fw-la in_o ff_n from_o whence_o most_o of_o the_o premise_n be_v deduce_v and_o where_o also_o by_o a_o constitution_n of_o trajan_n military_a business_n may_v be_v do_v in_o diebus_fw-la feriis_fw-la and_o at_o all_o time_n trajanus_n rescripsit_fw-la say_v the_o law_n ferias_fw-la tantum_fw-la à _fw-la forensibus_fw-la negotiis_fw-la dare_v vacationem_fw-la ea_fw-la tamen_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la disciplinam_fw-la militarem_fw-la pertinerent_fw-la esse_fw-la feriatis_fw-la diebus_fw-la peragenda_fw-la upon_o these_o reason_n the_o admiral-court_n be_v always_o open_a for_o that_o stranger_n and_o merchant_n and_o sea_n faring-man_n must_v take_v the_o opportunity_n of_o tide_n and_o of_o wind_n and_o other_o necessity_n and_o can_v without_o ruin_v or_o great_a prejudice_n attend_v the_o solemnity_n of_o court_n and_o dilatory_a plead_n the_o marshal_n court_n also_o for_o military_a matter_n fall_v within_o the_o privilege_n grant_v by_o trajan_n yet_o have_v it_o observe_v as_o near_o as_o convenient_o it_o may_v the_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n as_o forbear_v to_o assign_v battle_n in_o quadragesima_fw-la &_o temporibus_fw-la prohibitis_fw-la and_o so_o late_o in_o the_o case_n between_o the_o lo._n raye_n and_o mr._n ramesey_n so_o likewise_o the_o chancery_n be_v a_o court_n of_o piety_n be_v say_v to_o be_v always_o open_a but_o i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o it_o be_v officina_fw-la brevium_fw-la and_o consistorium_fw-la aequi_fw-la &_o boni_fw-la not_o where_o it_o be_v praetorium_n juris_fw-la communis_fw-la and_o proceed_v in_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n as_o for_o the_o star-chamber_n it_o be_v in_o lieu_n of_o that_o which_o be_v in_o ancient_a time_n the_o counsel-chamber_n and_o specula_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o watchtower_n of_o the_o kingdom_n where_o the_o baron_n and_o other_o of_o the_o king_n counsel_n use_v to_o meet_v ad_fw-la prospiciendam_fw-la fovendamque_fw-la remp._n to_o discover_v prevent_v and_o suppress_v all_o danger_n and_o enormity_n occurrent_a and_o to_o provide_v for_o the_o safety_n and_o good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v necessary_a therefore_o that_o this_o session_n shall_v not_o only_o be_v daily_o open_a but_o as_o be_v say_v of_o the_o house_n of_o fame_n 12._o nocte_fw-la dieque_fw-la paten_n for_o a_o evil_n may_v happen_v in_o the_o night_n that_o will_v be_v too_o late_o to_o prevent_v in_o the_o morning_n and_o therefore_o the_o statute_n of_o 20._o 3._o henr._n vii_o and_o 21._o henr._n viii_o enlarge_a the_o jurisdiction_n hereof_o do_v not_o circumscribe_v it_o either_o with_o termtime_n or_o day_n of_o sit_v chap._n iu._n why_o the_o end_n of_o michaelmass-term_n be_v sometime_o hold_v in_o advent_n and_o of_o hilary_n in_o septuagesima_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o the_o term_n sometime_o extend_v themselves_o into_o the_o day_n of_o the_o church_n which_o we_o call_v vacation_n as_o when_o advent_a sunday_n chance_v on_o the_o 27_o the_o of_o november_n than_o michaelmass-term_n borrow_v the_o day_n after_o out_o of_o advent_n and_o when_o septuagesima_fw-la follow_v sudden_o upon_o the_o purification_n hilary-term_n not_o only_o usurp_v upon_o it_o and_o sexagesima_fw-la which_o by_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n here_o before_o mention_v it_o may_v do_v but_o also_o upon_o quinquagesima_fw-la ash-wednesday_n and_o quadragesima_fw-la itself_o for_o all_o which_o there_o be_v matter_n enough_o in_o one_o place_n or_o 663._o other_o already_o show_v yet_o it_o be_v far_o countenance_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 3._o edw._n i._o cap._n 48._o where_o it_o be_v thus_o provide_v forasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v great_a charity_n to_o do_v right_a unto_o all_o man_n at_o all_o time_n when_o need_n shall_v be_v by_o assent_n of_o all_o the_o prelate_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o assize_n of_o novel_a disseisin_n mordauncester_n and_o darrain_a presentment_n shall_v be_v take_v in_o advent_n septuagesima_fw-la and_o lent_n even_o as_o well_o as_o inquest_n may_v be_v take_v and_o that_o at_o the_o special_a request_n of_o the_o king_n make_v unto_o the_o bishop_n where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o inquisition_n may_v be_v take_v before_o this_o statute_n within_o the_o day_n prohibit_v or_o church_n time_n and_o that_o this_o licence_n extend_v but_o to_o the_o particularity_n therein_o mention_v chap._n v._n why_o assize_n be_v hold_v in_o lent_n it_o seem_v that_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o statute_n or_o some_o other_o particular_a dispensation_n from_o the_o bishop_n assize_n begin_v first_o to_o be_v hold_v in_o lent_n contrary_a to_o the_o canon_n i_o find_v in_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n of_o the_o monastery_n b._n of_o st._n alban_n a_o dispensation_n of_o this_o kind_n thus_o entitle_v licentia_fw-la concess_n justice_n reg._n de_fw-fr assis_n tenend_v sacro_fw-la tempore_fw-la non_fw-la obstante_fw-la pateat_fw-la universis_fw-la per_fw-la praesentes_fw-la nos_fw-la ricardum_fw-la miseratione_n divina_fw-la abbatem_fw-la monasterii_fw-la sancti_fw-la albani_n licentiam_fw-la &_o potestatem_fw-la authoritate_fw-la praesentium_fw-la dedisse_fw-la dilecto_fw-la nobis_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la domino_fw-la johanni_n shardlow_n &_o sociis_fw-la suis_fw-la justice_n dom._n regis_n assisas_n apud_fw-la barnet_n nostrae_fw-la jurisdictionis_fw-la exemptae_fw-la die_fw-la lunae_fw-la proximo_fw-la ante_fw-la festum_fw-la s._n ambrosii_fw-la capiendi_fw-la juxta_fw-la formam_fw-la vim_o &_o effectum_fw-la brevis_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la inde_fw-la iis_fw-la directi_fw-la in_o cujus_fw-la etc._n etc._n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la etc._n etc._n sub_fw-la magno_fw-la sigillo_fw-la whether_o this_o be_v before_o or_o after_o the_o statute_n it_o appear_v not_o it_o may_v seem_v before_o for_o that_o otherwise_o it_o need_v not_o but_o i_o find_v ejus_fw-la shardlow_n to_o be_v justice_n of_o oier_n in_o pickering_n forest_n 17._o aug._n an._n 8._o edw._n i._o if_o it_o be_v after_o it_o seem_v the_o writ_n to_o the_o justice_n extend_v to_o somewhat_o out_o of_o the_o statute_n and_o that_o this_o licence_n be_v obtain_v in_o majorem_fw-la cautelam_fw-la but_o to_o conclude_v hereby_o it_o appear_v that_o although_o we_o find_v not_o the_o reason_n of_o thing_n do_v in_o ancient_a age_n yet_o nothing_o be_v do_v against_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o church_n without_o special_a licence_n and_o dispensation_n norwich_n the_o feast_n of_o st._n ambrose_n mention_v in_o the_o licence_n be_v on_o the_o four_o of_o april_n which_o common_o be_v about_o a_o week_n or_o two_o before_o easter_n and_o the_o abbot_n of_o st._n alban_n have_v exempt_a jurisdiction_n within_o the_o province_n of_o canterbury_n grant_v this_o dispensation_n to_o hold_v assize_n in_o tempore_fw-la sacro_fw-la as_o the_o rubric_n explain_v it_o lest_o the_o word_n nostrae_fw-la jurisdictionis_fw-la exemptae_fw-la might_a be_v apply_v to_o some_o layick_a franchise_n i_o assure_v myself_o there_o be_v many_o of_o this_o kind_n if_o they_o may_v come_v to_o light_v and_o as_o they_o grant_v licence_n in_o time_n prohibit_v so_o they_o censure_v such_o as_o offend_v without_o licence_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o case_n of_o b._n sir_n gilbert_n plumpton_n an._n 1184._o who_o being_n to_o be_v hang_v at_o worcester_n upon_o the_o sunday_n for_o a_o rape_n commit_v by_o he_o the_o bishop_n prohibit_v execution_n for_o that_o day_n upon_o pain_n of_o excommunication_n etc._n etc._n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o return_v of_o the_o return_v i_o will_v not_o venture_v to_o speak_v much_o but_o nothing_o at_o all_o of_o essoine_n and_o exception-day_n for_o that_o draw_v near_a to_o the_o faculty_n of_o lawyer_n wherein_o i_o mean_v not_o to_o be_v too_o busy_a the_o return_v be_v set_v day_n in_o every_o term_n appoint_v to_o the_o sheriff_n for_o certify_v the_o court_n what_o he_o have_v do_v in_o
health_n be_v there_o in_o let_v off_o a_o cross-bow_n wherein_o neither_o head_n hand_n nor_o foot_n no_o not_o the_o nimble_a member_n of_o the_o body_n the_o eye_n stir_v all_o that_o while_n five_o the_o canon_n have_v sy_n saepius_fw-la detentus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la if_o he_o make_v a_o life_n or_o occupation_n of_o it_o which_o his_o lordship_n do_v not_o burchard_n say_v detectus_fw-la and_o with_o more_o reason_n and_o i_o suppose_v his_o lordship_n use_v it_o very_o temperate_o yet_o the_o apologist_n in_o his_o five_o section_n insinuate_v that_o his_o lordship_n do_v it_o often_o six_o whereas_o he_o say_v that_o the_o canon_n speak_v against_o clamosa_fw-la venatio_fw-la not_o quieta_fw-la or_o modesta_fw-la i_o find_v no_o such_o word_n or_o distinction_n in_o the_o canon_n yet_o be_v there_o no_o doubt_n that_o if_o the_o deer_n be_v not_o kill_v out_o of_o hand_n but_o in_o recover_v he_o there_o must_v be_v both_o clamour_v and_o venatio_n thus_o he_o count_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o canon_n to_o be_v stop_v yet_o because_o it_o be_v good_a to_o make_v sure_a work_n with_o so_o dangerous_a a_o object_n now_o he_o set_v law_n upon_o law_n the_o common_a against_o the_o canon_n or_o at_o least_o the_o statute_n which_o indeed_o have_v crack_v a_o great_a sort_n of_o canon_n that_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o henry_n viii_o 35._o ca._n 16._o no_o canon_n be_v in_o force_n in_o england_n which_o be_v not_o in_o use_n or_o be_v contrary_a or_o derogatory_n to_o the_o law_n or_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n or_o to_o the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o royal_a crown_n of_o which_o sort_n he_o say_v this_o be_v one_o and_o give_v his_o reason_n for_o in_o charta_fw-la de_fw-fr foresta_n archbishop_n and_o bishop_n by_o name_n have_v liberty_n to_o hunt_n and_o 13._o ric._n ii_o ca._n 13._o a_o clergyman_n who_o have_v 10l._o by_o the_o year_n may_v keep_v greyhound_n to_o hunt_n the_o name_n of_o charta_fw-la de_fw-fr foresta_n and_o also_o of_o hunt_v be_v clero_fw-la lachrimabile_fw-la nomen_fw-la for_o the_o first_o breach_n that_o ever_o be_v make_v into_o the_o freedom_n of_o clergyman_n and_o which_o give_v passage_n to_o all_o that_o follow_v rose_z from_o the_o occasion_n of_o clergyman_n hunt_v in_o forest_n which_o henry_n ii_o great_o discontent_v with_o never_o rest_v till_o by_o assent_n of_o the_o pope_n legate_n hugo_n petro-leonis_a he_o obtain_v a_o law_n in_o the_o twenty_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n an._n dom._n 1157._o to_o convent_v they_o therefore_o before_o secular_a judge_n and_o there_o to_o punish_v they_o but_o to_o our_o purpose_n there_o be_v no_o contradiction_n as_o i_o take_v it_o between_o the_o canon_n de_fw-fr clerico_n venatore_fw-la and_o charta_fw-la or_o statutum_n de_fw-fr foresta_n the_o canon_n do_v say_v they_o shall_v not_o hunt_n and_o the_o statute_n do_v not_o say_v they_o shall_v the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n ca._n 17._o be_v thus_o a_o archbishop_n bishop_n earl_n or_o baron_n come_v to_o we_o upon_o our_o command_n and_o pass_v through_o our_o forest_n liccat_fw-la ei_fw-la capere_fw-la unam_fw-la bestiam_fw-la vel_fw-la dvas_fw-la per_fw-la visum_fw-la forestarii_fw-la si_fw-la praesens_fw-la fuerit_fw-la sin_n autem_fw-la faciat_fw-la cornare_fw-la ne_fw-la videatur_fw-la furtum_fw-la facere_fw-la here_o be_v no_o word_n of_o hunt_v but_o that_o they_o may_v take_v a_o deer_n and_o this_o they_o will_v say_v can_v be_v but_o either_o with_o dog_n or_o engine_n and_o so_o consequent_o by_o hunt_v but_o the_o very_a word_n of_o charta_fw-la de_fw-fr foresta_n seem_v to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o mean_v the_o bishop_n shall_v be_v a_o huntsman_n for_o that_o it_o admit_v he_o not_o to_o have_v so_o much_o skill_n in_o hunt_v as_o to_o wind_v a_o horn_n though_o that_o by_o no_o law_n or_o canon_n be_v forbid_v to_o he_o and_o therefore_o say_v not_o corniat_fw-la ipse_fw-la but_o faciat_fw-la corniare_fw-la let_v he_o cause_v a_o horn_n to_o be_v blow_v etc._n etc._n i_o conceive_v the_o meaning_n to_o be_v that_o the_o bishop_n and_o baron_n shall_v each_o of_o they_o take_v as_o they_o may_v the_o baron_n by_o hunt_v if_o they_o will_v in_o their_o own_o person_n the_o bishop_n as_o they_o may_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o officer_n and_o servant_n it_o be_v a_o common_a phrase_n in_o all_o old_a charter_n that_o the_o bishop_n shall_v have_v sac_n and_o soc_n toll_n and_o team_n etc._n etc._n i._n e._n cognisance_n of_o plea_n suit_n of_o court_n towle_z and_o such_o other_o custom_n shall_v we_o intend_v that_o he_o must_v take_v these_o in_o his_o own_o person_n no_o it_o be_v not_o henry_n the_o three_o meaning_n when_o he_o grant_v the_o charter_n of_o the_o forest_n to_o break_v the_o law_n of_o the_o church_n for_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la ca._n 1._o he_o grant_v that_o the_o church_n shall_v have_v omnia_fw-la jura_fw-la sua_fw-la integra_fw-la &_o libertates_fw-la svas_fw-la illaesas_fw-la which_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v if_o by_o his_o charter_n he_o change_v the_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n especial_o in_o matter_n of_o doctrine_n and_o conscience_n as_o when_o the_o church_n teach_v that_o a_o clerk_n may_v not_o be_v a_o huntsman_n for_o he_o to_o say_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v doubtless_o if_o he_o will_v the_o clergy_n will_v not_o then_o accept_v it_o in_o the_o person_n of_o a_o bishop_n there_o be_v three_o distinct_a faculty_n his_o spiritual_a function_n wherein_o he_o be_v a_o bishop_n his_o legal_a ability_n wherein_o he_o be_v a_o layman_n and_o have_v liberty_n to_o contract_n etc._n etc._n and_o his_o temporal_a dignity_n wherein_o he_o be_v a_o baron_n and_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o participate_v their_o privilege_n i_o can_v put_v case_n wherein_o every_o of_o these_o may_v be_v see_v sever_v from_o the_o other_o but_o i_o shall_v then_o wander_v from_o my_o matter_n only_o i_o present_v they_o thus_o anatomy_v that_o it_o may_v appear_v what_o portion_n the_o church_n have_v in_o they_o what_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o what_o the_o king_n that_o so_o it_o may_v also_o the_o better_a appear_v how_o the_o law_n both_o of_o the_o church_n and_o kingdom_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v unto_o they_o respective_o when_o therefore_o the_o king_n grant_v temporal_a land_n unto_o they_o though_o they_o take_v they_o as_o lay-baron_n and_o in_o their_o temporal_a capacity_n yet_o may_v they_o not_o otherwise_o use_v they_o than_o may_v stand_v with_o their_o spiritual_a function_n no_o more_o than_o when_o he_o grant_v ecclesiastical_a possession_n to_o a_o layman_n the_o grantee_n may_v otherwise_o use_v they_o than_o as_o a_o layman_n for_o example_n it_o be_v a_o common_a thing_n in_o old_a time_n that_o the_o king_n grant_v church_n to_o layman_n by_o the_o name_n of_o ecclesiam_fw-la de_fw-fr dale_n and_o ecclesiam_fw-la de_fw-fr sale_n yet_o it_o be_v never_o intend_v that_o the_o grantee_n though_o he_o have_v the_o church_n to_o order_n and_o dispose_v shall_v contrary_a to_o his_o vocation_n meddle_v with_o the_o divine_a service_n but_o present_v his_o clerk_n only_o so_o in_o like_a manner_n when_o the_o king_n grant_v to_o clergyman_n chase_n park_n and_o warren_n it_o be_v not_o intend_v that_o contrary_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o their_o profession_n and_o law_n of_o the_o church_n they_o shall_v or_o may_v become_v hunter_n and_o forester_n my_o long_a stay_n upon_o this_o point_n be_v a_o preparative_n to_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o next_o which_o be_v the_o statute_n of_o ric._n ii_o be_v in_o the_o negative_a that_o no_o priest_n nor_o other_o clerk_n not_o advance_v to_o 10l._o a_o year_n shall_v have_v or_o keep_v any_o greyhound_n nor_o other_o dog_n to_o hunt_n nor_o they_o shall_v not_o use_v ferret_n hay_n net_n hare-pipe_n nor_o cord_n nor_o other_o engine_n for_o to_o take_v and_o destroy_v dear_a hare_n nor_o coney_n etc._n etc._n upon_o pain_n of_o one_o year_n imprisonment_n the_o statute_n i_o say_v be_v in_o the_o negative_a and_o say_v that_o none_o under_o 10l._o a_o year_n shall_v keep_v but_o say_v not_o in_o the_o affirmative_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o they_o that_o have_v 10l._o a_o year_n to_o keep_v etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v therefore_o think_v that_o this_o statute_n do_v not_o discharge_v a_o priest_n have_v 10l._o a_o year_n and_o use_v hunting_n against_o the_o canon-law_n no_o more_o than_o the_o statute_n of_o usury_n forbid_v a_o man_n to_o take_v above_o 10l._o loan_n for_o a_o 100_o l_o give_v he_o liberty_n to_o take_v that_o 10l._o or_o do_v discharge_v he_o against_o the_o canon_n of_o usury_n touch_v his_o inference_n that_o linwood_n speak_v not_o one_o word_n against_o hunt_v simple_o by_o clergyman_n but_o against_o their_o use_v it_o in_o place_n restrain_v it_o be_v true_a for_o the_o text_n of_o
that_o make_v i_o think_v that_o our_o wealth_n shall_v continue_v with_o we_o better_o now_o than_o in_o time_n past_o it_o have_v do_v be_v for_o that_o the_o roman-coffer_n be_v not_o now_o glut_v as_o they_o have_v be_v with_o english-treasure_n continual_o flow_v into_o they_o for_o it_o be_v a_o world_n to_o consider_v the_o huge_a stock_n of_o money_n that_o those_o cozen_a prelate_n have_v heretofore_o extort_a out_o of_o her_o majesty_n kingdom_n by_o their_o antichristian_a and_o usurp_v supremacy_n as_o by_o pope_n innocent_a constrain_a king_n john_n to_o redeem_v his_o crown_n at_o his_o hand_n and_o to_o take_v it_o for_o ever_o in_o farm_n for_o the_o yearly_a rent_n of_o 1000_o mark_n to_o be_v pay_v to_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n by_o cause_v henry_n iii_o to_o maintain_v his_o war_n against_o frederick_n the_o emperor_n and_o conrade_n king_n of_o sicil_n by_o draw_v from_o our_o king_n many_o contribution_n and_o benevolence_n by_o lay_v upon_o their_o subject_n 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though_o money_n be_v the_o blood_n wherein_o the_o life_n of_o all_o commonwealth_n as_o in_o a_o nest_n be_v cherish_v yet_o nature_n teach_v that_o to_o preserve_v health_n and_o cure_v a_o impostumate_v disease_n we_o ought_v to_o let_v blood_n out_o and_o that_o sometime_o in_o great_a abundance_n and_o as_o themistocles_n say_v pecunia_fw-la nervus_fw-la belli_fw-la money_n be_v also_o the_o sinew_n of_o war_n and_o look_v how_o necessary_a peace_n be_v in_o a_o commonwealth_n so_o necessary_a be_v war_n to_o beget_v peace_n for_o peace_n be_v belli_n filia_fw-la the_o daughter_n of_o war_n but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o matter_n lest_o we_o fare_v like_o the_o unskilful_a hound_n that_o undertake_v a_o fresh_a hare_n when_o they_o have_v hunt_v the_o first_o till_o she_o be_v almost_o spend_v it_o appear_v by_o that_o that_o have_v be_v say_v that_o a_o main_a port_n by_o which_o our_o treasure_n have_v be_v vent_v from_o we_o heretofore_o be_v now_o shut_v god_n be_v thank_v and_o that_o instead_o thereof_o no_o new_a be_v open_v so_o that_o thereby_o our_o store_n must_v needs_o remain_v better_o by_o we_o than_o it_o have_v and_o we_o by_o consequence_n must_v be_v the_o rich_a it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v add_v that_o whereas_o in_o former_a time_n much_o of_o the_o treasure_n that_o come_v into_o the_o land_n be_v bury_v up_o in_o superstitious_a employment_n as_o about_o image_n shrine_n tabernacle_n cope_n vestment_n altar-cloath_n crucifix_n candlestick_n etc._n etc._n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o commonwealth_n become_v no_o whit_n rich_a than_o if_o that_o part_n so_o employ_v have_v never_o come_v within_o the_o land_n now_o we_o do_v not_o only_o retain_v that_o idolatrous_a charge_n still_o in_o our_o purse_n which_o make_v we_o much_o the_o wealthy_a but_o the_o rest_n also_o which_o for_o many_o hundred_o year_n together_o be_v so_o employ_v be_v