the_o sea_n be_v adjoin_v and_o in_o propriety_n to_o be_v esteem_v according_o take_v their_o name_n of_o the_o country_n and_o kingdom_n adjacent_a or_o of_o their_o situation_n as_o mare_fw-la britannicum_fw-la mare_fw-la germanicum_n mare_n hibernicum_n and_o for_o situation_n mare_fw-la mediterraneum_fw-la observe_v by_o cosmographer_n historiographer_n and_o mathematician_n this_o be_v perform_v with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o compass_n count_v of_o course_n sounding_n colour_n of_o the_o gravel_n or_o sand_n and_o other_o way_n to_o design_n finitum_fw-la ab_fw-la '_o infinito_o law_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n so_o far_o as_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o certain_a reach_n and_o bound_n of_o sea_n proper_o apppertain_v to_o any_o prince_n or_o people_n wherein_o the_o doctor_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v record_v excellent_a observation_n custom_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o custom_n baldus_n say_v vidimus_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la in_fw-la mare_fw-la esse_fw-la regna_fw-la distincta_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la auda_fw-la iâ—sula_fw-la ad_fw-la legem_fw-la 1._o the_o ter_z divisione_n in_o §._o nullius_fw-la in_o tratt_v de_fw-fr iâ—sula_fw-la bartolas_n do_v in_o his_o opinion_n allow_v for_o prince_n and_o people_n at_o the_o seaside_n centum_fw-la mitliaria_fw-la which_o be_v one_o hundred_o league_n of_o sea_n from_o their_o coast_n if_o they_o extend_v their_o protection_n so_o far_o call_v by_o they_o districtus_fw-la maris_fw-la &_o territorium_fw-la which_o be_v most_o plain_a in_o those_o sea_n where_o the_o isle_n of_o garnesey_n and_o jarnesey_n be_v so_o sensible_a and_o visible_a to_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n dominion_n visible_a mark_v of_o dominion_n or_o where_o there_o be_v such_o rock_n or_o eminent_a mark_n as_o the_o washes_n at_o the_o west_n sea_n thereof_o to_o which_o purpose_n paulus_n a_o renown_a civilian_n say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o needful_a for_o he_o who_o will_v possess_v himself_o of_o any_o land_n to_o go_v about_o and_o tread_v over_o the_o same_o but_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o enter_v in_o upon_o any_o part_n thereof_o with_o a_o mind_n to_o possess_v all_o the_o rest_n thereof_o even_o to_o the_o due_a march_n to_o be_v make_v apparent_a by_o the_o instrument_n of_o geometrician_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v design_v upon_o the_o sea_n notwithstanding_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o continual_a flow_v too_o and_o fro_o of_o the_o other_o this_o distinction_n of_o dominion_n have_v continue_v so_o many_o hundred_o year_n need_v not_o to_o be_v corroborate_v with_o other_o proof_n and_o argument_n yet_o let_v we_o note_v obiter_fw-la that_o if_o the_o same_o be_v not_o distinguish_v as_o aforesaid_a admiralty_n case_n of_o civil_a law_n or_o admiralty_n one_o bear_v upon_o the_o sea_n shall_v have_v no_o country_n or_o nation_n to_o appeal_v unto_o and_o a_o man_n die_v intestate_a upon_o the_o sea_n shall_v minister_v occasion_n of_o 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subdue_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n by_o conquest_n germanicum_n mare_fw-la germanicum_n cause_v himself_o not_o only_o to_o be_v proclaim_v king_n deucalidon_n mare_fw-la deucalidon_n but_o also_o that_o all_o the_o good_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v he_o and_o so_o cause_v the_o land_n to_o be_v divide_v and_o yet_o be_v content_v to_o change_v the_o title_n of_o a_o monarchy_n by_o conquest_n into_o a_o monarchy_n royal_a and_o be_v also_o lord_n of_o the_o say_v four_o sea_n resp._n io_o bodinus_fw-la de_fw-fr resp._n by_o the_o former_a assumpsit_fw-la which_o have_v then_o continue_v 200_o year_n and_o his_o progress_n by_o sea_n be_v most_o westward_o for_o when_o prince_n or_o king_n do_v style_v themselves_o by_o proclamation_n than_o the_o continuance_n thereof_o without_o opposition_n of_o other_o prince_n be_v hold_v and_o observe_v as_o inviolable_a and_o permanent_a now_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o succeed_a william_n the_o conqueror_n chronicle_n graftons_n chronicle_n within_o one_o hundred_o year_n do_v join_v ireland_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o do_v reduce_v normandy_n and_o other_o place_n in_o france_n to_o the_o crown_n take_v as_o it_o be_v a_o new_a possession_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o henry_n the_o first_o every_o year_n or_o within_o three_o year_n at_o the_o further_a cross_v over_o into_o normandy_n have_v take_v robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n prisoner_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o malmesbuâ—e_n chro._n malmesbuâ—e_n there_o be_v a_o disputation_n hold_v with_o france_n concern_v the_o fish_n of_o the_o sea_n about_o britain_n in_o which_o it_o be_v prove_v to_o belong_v to_o england_n hayward_n joh._n hayward_n and_o thereupon_o france_n disclaim_v therein_o etc._n by_o ancient_a record_n and_o treaty_n etc._n etc._n as_o appear_v by_o the_o say_a king_n edward_n the_o three_o his_o proclamation_n yet_o extant_a which_o argument_n and_o contract_n be_v as_o a_o law_n effectual_a and_o here_o i_o must_v remember_v the_o singular_a care_n which_o the_o right_a reverend_a father_n in_o god_n doctor_n abbot_n now_o archbishop_n of_o canturburie_n canturburie_n a_o rare_a book_n remoin_v with_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canturburie_n and_o metropolitan_a of_o england_n have_v have_v in_o procure_v at_o his_o great_a charge_n for_o the_o good_a of_o our_o posterity_n a_o excellent_a great_a volume_n or_o manuscript_n which_o be_v heretofore_o take_v at_o calais_n in_o france_n when_o the_o spaniard_n take_v the_o same_o anno_fw-la 1596_o and_o carry_v to_o brussels_n in_o the_o low-countries_n whereof_o i_o have_v have_v the_o perusal_n and_o make_v a_o abstract_n of_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o viz._n the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n between_o edward_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n and_o john_n king_n of_o france_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o elder_a son_n namely_o edward_n the_o black_a prince_n of_o wales_n and_z charles_n duke_n of_o normandy_n regent_n the_o french_a king_n his_o father_n be_v prisoner_n to_o the_o say_a king_n edward_n which_o treaty_n be_v make_v the_o eight_o of_o may_v 1360_o in_o brittany_n near_o chartres_n and_o confirm_v at_o calais_n whereupon_o sixteen_o hostage_n be_v give_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o the_o french_a king_n who_o be_v to_o come_v thither_o in_o person_n and_o to_o pay_v three_o million_o of_o crown_n for_o his_o ransom_n of_o two_o crown_n to_o be_v reckon_v for_o a_o english_a noble_a call_v in_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o his_o time_n angel_n noble_a be_v some_o 750000_o 〈◊〉_d sterling_a france_n the_o ransom_n of_o king_n john_n of_o france_n the_o ship_n whereof_o upon_o the_o one_o side_n do_v signify_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n whereunto_o old_a chaucer_n the_o poet_n do_v allude_v in_o henry_n the_o five_o his_o time_n this_o money_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o weet_v six_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n at_o calais_n within_o 4_o month_n after_o king_n johns_n arrival_n there_o more_fw-mi four_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n within_o the_o year_n and_o so_o much_o yearly_a until_o the_o full_a payment_n make_v
natural_o and_o lawful_o bear_v within_o this_o your_o majesty_n realm_n of_o england_n and_o also_o that_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o shall_v and_o may_v from_o henceforth_o by_o the_o same_o authority_n be_v enable_v and_o adjudge_v able_a to_o all_o intent_n and_o construction_n to_o demand_v challenge_v ask_v have_v hold_v and_o enjoy_v land_n tenement_n hereditament_n and_o rent_n as_o heir_n or_o heir_n to_o any_o of_o their_o ancestor_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o descent_n remain_v revert_v or_o come_v to_o they_o or_o any_o of_o they_o by_o any_o other_o lawful_a conveyance_n or_o mean_n whatsoever_o or_o which_o hereafter_o shall_v come_v etc._n etc._n as_o if_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o have_v be_v your_o highness_n natural_a subject_n bear_v and_o to_o hold_v and_o enjoy_v to_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o joint_o and_o several_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n or_o rent_n by_o way_n of_o purchase_n gift_n grant_v or_o otherwise_o of_o any_o person_n or_o person_n to_o all_o construction_n and_o purpose_n as_o though_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o have_v be_v your_o highness_n natural_a bear_v subject_n and_o also_o that_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o from_o henceforth_o may_v and_o shall_v be_v enable_v to_o prosecute_v maintain_v and_o avow_v justify_v and_o defend_v all_o manner_n of_o action_n suit_n plaint_n and_o other_o demand_n whatsoever_o as_o liberal_o frank_o full_o lawful_o sure_o and_o free_o as_o if_o they_o and_o any_o of_o they_o have_v be_v natural_o bear_v within_o your_o majesty_n realm_n of_o england_n and_o as_o any_o other_o person_n or_o person_n natural_o bear_v within_o the_o same_o may_v in_o any_o wise_a lawful_o do_v any_o act_n law_n statute_n proviso_n custom_n ordinance_n or_o other_o thing_n whatsoever_o have_v make_v ordain_v or_o do_v to_o the_o contrary_a in_o any_o wise_n notwithstanding_o and_o your_o petitioner_n shall_v daily_o pray_v for_o your_o royal_a majesty_n long_o in_o honour_n and_o most_o safety_n to_o remain_v over_o us._n this_o petition_n in_o nature_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n parliament_n the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o parliament_n be_v deliver_v to_o the_o speaker_n of_o the_o parliament_n who_o upon_o the_o second_o read_v in_o the_o commons_o house_n procure_v the_o same_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o certain_a committee_n before_o who_o the_o petitioner_n do_v appear_v and_o after_o examination_n if_o there_o be_v no_o apparent_a cause_n that_o may_v cross_v they_o the_o bill_n be_v return_v into_o the_o parliament_n and_o read_v for_o the_o three_o time_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v of_o all_o act_n and_o then_o it_o be_v carry_v up_o to_o the_o high_a house_n and_o there_o it_o be_v common_o of_o course_n also_o read_v three_o time_n and_o so_o allow_v and_o there_o it_o do_v remain_v until_o the_o last_o day_n of_o the_o session_n of_o parliament_n and_o then_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n be_v have_v thereunto_o and_o there_o be_v write_v on_o the_o backside_n or_o within_o these_o word_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr le_fw-fr veult_n and_o if_o it_o be_v anâ—_n act_n which_o the_o king_n will_v not_o pass_v the_o clerk_n of_o the_o parliament_n write_v le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr s'aduiser'a_fw-fr which_o be_v a_o clean_a and_o absolute_a refusal_n and_o all_o which_o be_v do_v be_v void_a and_o can_v be_v reviue_v in_o another_o parliament_n without_o to_o begin_v all_o from_o the_o begin_n again_o so_o much_o for_o england_n in_o france_n all_o stranger_n that_o be_v not_o bear_v within_o the_o kingdom_n and_o reside_v or_o dwell_v in_o the_o same_o france_n aubeine_fw-fr in_o france_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o right_n of_o aubain_n so_o call_v tanquam_fw-la alibi_n nati_fw-la for_o after_o their_o death_n if_o they_o be_v not_o naturalize_v the_o king_n do_v seize_v upon_o all_o their_o good_n they_o have_v in_o france_n and_o appropriate_v the_o same_o to_o his_o exchequer_n or_o finance_n without_o that_o the_o say_v stranger_n can_v dispose_v thereof_o by_o testament_n or_o will_n or_o that_o their_o lawful_a heir_n can_v claim_v the_o same_o howbeit_o they_o may_v give_v they_o and_o dispose_v thereof_o while_o they_o live_v by_o contract_n make_v between_o they_o a_o stranger_n also_o not_o dwell_v within_o the_o realm_n yet_o have_v get_v wealth_n or_o mean_n within_o the_o same_o may_v dispose_v of_o it_o unto_o his_o heir_n and_o other_o although_o they_o be_v stranger_n also_o if_o a_o stranger_n travel_v through_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n shall_v chance_v to_o die_v his_o heir_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o good_n which_o he_o have_v leave_v at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o decease_n in_o france_n but_o when_o a_o stranger_n take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n then_o may_v he_o get_v wealth_n and_o possession_n within_o the_o realm_n lawful_o and_o free_o which_o letter_n of_o naturalisation_n must_v be_v record_v in_o the_o chamber_n of_o account_n upon_o pain_n of_o a_o penalty_n pay_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o lawful_a heir_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o say_v possession_n and_o good_n so_o as_o he_o be_v nature_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o any_o other_o to_o who_o the_o same_o be_v give_v by_o will_n or_o testament_n so_o as_o he_o also_o be_v naturalize_v as_o aforesaid_a but_o mounseur_fw-fr papon_n the_o civilian_n say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o one_o to_o enjoy_v the_o same_o to_o be_v bear_v within_o the_o realm_n but_o it_o must_v be_v also_o of_o a_o woman_n take_v in_o marriage_n within_o the_o realm_n and_o hereupon_o allege_v a_o arrest_n or_o sentence_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n whereby_o a_o cousin_n of_o a_o stranger_n decease_v be_v prefer_v before_o the_o sister_n because_o the_o cousin_n be_v bear_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o dwell_v in_o the_o same_o and_o the_o sister_n do_v not_o dwell_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o be_v bear_v in_o another_o country_n albeit_o she_o cause_v herself_o to_o be_v naturalize_v after_o the_o decease_n of_o her_o brother_n whereof_o the_o court_n have_v no_o regard_n because_o the_o good_n by_o succession_n be_v get_v before_o which_o can_v not_o be_v make_v void_a by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n mounseur_fw-fr banquet_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o a_o frenchman_n be_v depart_v the_o kingdom_n for_o to_o dwell_v in_o another_o country_n that_o his_o good_n present_a and_o to_o come_v do_v appertain_v unto_o the_o king_n and_o can_v dispose_v thereof_o by_o will_n or_o testament_n as_o it_o have_v be_v prove_v by_o diverse_a decree_n of_o parliament_n the_o king_n be_v lord_n of_o all_o vacant_a good_n and_o therefore_o wife_n and_o child_n be_v to_o take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n to_o purchase_v their_o quietness_n and_o if_o any_o stranger_n bear_v and_o naturalize_v shall_v be_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n some_o eight_o or_o ten_o year_n upon_o especial_a occasion_n or_o otherwise_o he_o be_v at_o his_o return_n to_o take_v new_a letter_n of_o naturalisation_n or_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a by_o some_o approbation_n consideration_n a_o observable_a consideration_n and_o herein_o be_v a_o special_a point_n to_o be_v note_v as_o a_o matter_n of_o record_n that_o those_o of_o flanders_n milan_n and_o the_o french_a county_n of_o savoy_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n to_o dwell_v in_o this_o kingdom_n because_o the_o french_a king_n pretend_v that_o the_o say_v country_n be_v they_o and_o be_v never_o alienate_v by_o any_o conseâ—t_n of_o they_o but_o be_v country_n which_o at_o all_o time_n have_v belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n who_o do_v acknowledge_v the_o subject_n to_o be_v true_a and_o loyal_a frenchman_n but_o it_o be_v requisite_a if_o they_o come_v to_o dwell_v and_o inhabit_v within_o the_o realm_n that_o they_o take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n to_o the_o end_n the_o officer_n do_v not_o molest_v or_o trouble_v they_o by_o the_o premise_n we_o see_v that_o the_o naturalise_v in_o france_n be_v far_o more_o compulsorie_a for_o merchant_n than_o in_o england_n howbeit_o that_o in_o both_o kingdom_n if_o a_o stranger_n naturalize_v after_o many_o year_n that_o he_o have_v inhabit_v the_o same_o be_v desirous_a to_o return_v to_o his_o father-land_n or_o native_a country_n he_o may_v surrender_v his_o letter_n patent_n and_o be_v discharge_v of_o his_o oath_n *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xiiii_o of_o the_o determination_n of_o seafaring_a cause_n have_v now_o hitherto_o entreat_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n with_o their_o adjunct_n and_o accident_n and_o therein_o observe_v time_n number_n weight_n and_o measure_n as_o also_o the_o three_o simple_n and_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n with_o their_o effect_n and_o property_n let_v we_o now_o consider_v of_o the_o manner_n and_o method_n of_o the_o proceed_n therein_o to_o see_v by_o what_o mean_v they_o be_v determine_v and_o execute_v
all_o merchant_n factor_n and_o all_o other_o of_o what_o nation_n soever_o may_v assemble_v themselves_o in_o the_o same_o twice_o every_o day_n at_o the_o hour_n accustom_v and_o in_o their_o meeting_n shall_v free_o use_v their_o traffic_n and_o pass_v their_o business_n as_o well_o by_o exchange_n as_o otherwise_o not_o only_o in_o the_o same_o place_n exchange_n licence_n to_o exchange_n but_o also_o in_o any_o other_o whatsoever_o within_o the_o liberty_n of_o our_o say_a city_n of_o rouen_n when_o and_o where_o they_o shall_v think_v good_a with_o all_o assurance_n and_o safety_n to_o their_o merchandise_n and_o withal_o those_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n which_o merchant_n trade_v to_o our_o town_n of_o lion_n and_o thoulouze_n do_v enjoy_v and_o use_v according_a to_o the_o grant_n of_o our_o predecessor_n king_n of_o france_n and_o of_o vs._n furthermore_o we_o will_v and_o ordain_v that_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o say_a town_n of_o rouen_n frequent_v the_o same_o place_n shall_v every_o year_n cause_n a_o society_n of_o merchant_n to_o be_v in_o the_o lodge_n of_o the_o say_a bourse_n or_o in_o any_o other_o place_n in_o the_o say_a city_n and_o at_o such_o time_n as_o they_o shall_v think_v good_a in_o which_o meeting_n they_o shall_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o say_a number_n three_o officer_n viz._n a_o prior_n and_o two_o consul_n to_o remain_v â—n_v their_o authority_n for_o one_o year_n and_o so_o yearly_a to_o be_v change_v and_o there_o new_a to_o be_v elect_v according_a to_o the_o ordinary_a form_n of_o most_o voice_n election_n indifferent_a election_n not_o only_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o city_n of_o rouen_n but_o also_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n be_v to_o be_v present_a and_o assistant_n in_o the_o say_a election_n which_o election_n and_o nomination_n be_v full_o end_v the_o say_a prior_n aâ—d_a consul_n shall_v have_v present_a power_n in_o they_o to_o take_v knowledge_n &_o to_o give_v judgement_n between_o all_o man_n of_o what_o estate_n quality_n or_o condition_n soever_o they_o be_v of_o all_o suit_n controversy_n and_o difference_n touch_v matter_n of_o merchandise_v or_o buy_v and_o sell_v in_o such_o manner_n as_o the_o conseruator_fw-la of_o the_o fair_a at_o lion_n and_o the_o prior_n and_o consul_n at_o thoulouze_n do_v as_o well_o for_o obligation_n bill_n of_o debt_n receipt_n blank_n sign_v bill_n of_o exchange_n association_n general_n and_o particular_a association_n answer_v by_o surety_n association_n of_o merchant_n either_o general_a or_o particular_a assurance_n account_n transportation_n bargain_n and_o partenership_n for_o matter_n aforesaid_a or_o any_o thing_n belong_v thereunto_o with_o as_o full_a strength_n and_o according_a to_o the_o judgement_n and_o condemnation_n of_o the_o say_a conseruator_n of_o lion_n and_o the_o prior_n and_o consul_n of_o thoulouze_n and_o that_o the_o judgement_n and_o sentence_n decree_n and_o ordinance_n commission_n and_o commandment_n of_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n of_o rouen_n by_o speech_n provision_n or_o definitives_n shall_v stand_v in_o as_o much_o force_n and_o effect_n for_o any_o matter_n judicial_o determine_v as_o those_o cause_n which_o the_o conseruator_fw-la of_o lion_n and_o prior_n and_o consul_n of_o thoulouze_n and_o other_o of_o our_o judge_n do_v decide_v and_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v execute_v by_o our_o sergeant_n and_o officer_n in_o such_o manner_n and_o form_n as_o they_o be_v in_o their_o behalf_n above_o name_v either_o by_o commit_v to_o prison_n execution_n the_o manner_n of_o execution_n or_o by_o inflict_v severe_a punishment_n if_o it_o be_v so_o decree_v and_o ordain_v and_o to_o that_o end_n shall_v our_o messenger_n and_o officer_n be_v bind_v to_o perform_v the_o execution_n our_o gaoler_n and_o keeper_n of_o our_o prison_n shall_v likewise_o be_v bind_v to_o receive_v and_o keep_v all_o such_o prisoner_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o if_o they_o be_v commit_v unto_o they_o by_o our_o abovesaid_a judge_n and_o with_o the_o like_a bond_n and_o penalty_n if_o any_o escape_n happen_v as_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o keep_v the_o prisoner_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a judge_n for_o so_o we_o have_v enjoin_v and_o do_v enjoin_v our_o messenger_n and_o other_o officer_n gaoler_n and_o keeper_n of_o prison_n upon_o such_o penalty_n as_o the_o case_n shall_v require_v and_o according_a as_o by_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n shall_v be_v set_v down_o and_o declare_v without_o any_o default_n according_a as_o the_o offence_n commit_v shall_v require_v moreover_o we_o have_v permit_v and_o do_v permit_v our_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n to_o take_v unto_o they_o 20_o of_o the_o say_a merchant_n or_o more_o or_o less_o as_o they_o shall_v think_v reasonable_a to_o assist_v they_o in_o their_o proceed_n and_o judgement_n in_o cause_n of_o merchandise_n bill_n of_o exchange_n execution_n aid_v in_o their_o execution_n assurance_n and_o difference_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o to_o cause_v to_o be_v execute_v their_o sentence_n judgement_n and_o ordinance_n of_o pawn_n and_o consignement_n provision_n seize_v of_o good_n and_o all_o their_o other_o condemnations_n sentence_n or_o appointment_n to_o proceed_v therein_o by_o cry_n proclamation_n give_v notice_n to_o themselves_o or_o leave_v notice_n at_o their_o house_n by_o proof_n sale_n dipositing_n delivery_n and_o execution_n definitive_a as_o the_o case_n shall_v require_v likewise_o we_o give_v they_o power_n to_o direct_v the_o same_o process_n proceed_n summarie_n proceed_n and_o to_o proceed_v therein_o according_a to_o their_o ordinance_n as_o well_o in_o matter_n summary_o as_o by_o provision_n as_o acknowledgement_n of_o bill_n subscription_n and_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o the_o like_a in_o act_n of_o pawn_n and_o consignement_n by_o one_o only_a fault_n due_o prove_v by_o summon_v the_o person_n at_o his_o house_n or_o fix_v there_o a_o copy_n of_o the_o commission_n or_o process_n in_o all_o place_n where_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o be_v do_v and_o touch_v other_o matter_n where_o two_o default_n shall_v be_v make_v or_o summon_v in_o person_n they_o shall_v proceed_v observe_v and_o keep_v the_o course_n according_a to_o the_o king_n ordinance_n and_o for_o all_o matter_n wherein_o they_o shall_v give_v sentence_n of_o execution_n according_a to_o their_o knowledge_n we_o will_v and_o do_v permit_v they_o as_o aforesaid_a to_o cause_v the_o execution_n to_o pass_v in_o all_o place_n of_o our_o court_n of_o parliament_n at_o rouen_n and_o in_o all_o other_o place_n of_o our_o kingdom_n where_o need_n shall_v require_v without_o any_o disturbance_n or_o let_v to_o be_v do_v by_o any_o of_o our_o judge_n justice_n or_o officer_n either_o against_o they_o or_o their_o deputy_n neither_o shall_v they_o let_v or_o hinder_v any_o summons_n or_o arrest_v exploit_n or_o assignment_n to_o be_v do_v before_o they_o and_o to_o give_v their_o assistance_n in_o all_o cause_n appertain_v to_o their_o knowledge_n touch_v matter_n of_o traffic_n and_o all_o thing_n thereunto_o belong_v against_o all_o merchant_n trade_v in_o our_o say_a city_n of_o rouen_n and_o as_o touch_v their_o factor_n dealer_n and_o intermedler_n of_o what_o quality_n soever_o they_o be_v send_v by_o they_o into_o diverse_a country_n region_n and_o province_n as_o well_o within_o as_o without_o our_o kingdom_n country_n and_o dominion_n under_o our_o obeisance_n for_o the_o cause_n of_o traffic_n merchandise_v and_o do_v of_o business_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n thereunto_o belong_v we_o will_v and_o ordain_v etc._n constraint_n to_o bring_v their_o caâ—â—_n les_fw-fr etc._n etc._n that_o they_o may_v be_v constrain_v to_o bring_v their_o cause_n and_o proof_n for_o all_o matter_n aforesaid_a before_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n for_o the_o time_n be_v or_o that_o shall_v hereafter_o execute_v these_o office_n be_v it_o either_o for_o the_o render_n of_o account_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o part_n or_o of_o whole_a or_o condemnation_n in_o penalty_n or_o other_o condemnation_n for_o amends_n for_o trespass_n and_o of_o all_o other_o thing_n that_o shall_v be_v requisite_a concern_v and_o belong_v to_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n according_a as_o they_o shall_v deserve_v whereof_o we_o have_v permit_v they_o and_o do_v give_v they_o power_n to_o use_v the_o form_n even_o as_o the_o say_v conseruator_fw-la at_o lion_n prior_n and_o consul_n of_o thoulouze_n and_o other_o our_o judge_n do_v and_o to_o cause_v execution_n to_o be_v serve_v on_o the_o offender_n either_o by_o arrest_n attachment_n of_o good_n and_o sale_n thereof_o or_o by_o imprisonment_n of_o the_o party_n condemn_v judge_n prohibition_n to_o other_o judge_n even_o as_o they_o shall_v think_v good_a inhibit_v all_o our_o judge_n to_o presume_v to_o take_v knowledge_n of_o any_o matter_n or_o plea_n thereunto_o belong_v which_o our_o command_n we_o will_v be_v notify_v unto_o they_o and_o unto_o who_o it_o shall_v
coelo_fw-la the_o rather_o for_o that_o so_o many_o good_a act_n of_o parliament_n have_v be_v make_v long_o since_o concern_v the_o same_o when_o the_o staple_n of_o our_o commodity_n do_v flourish_v both_o here_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o 1622._o the_o maintenance_n of_o â—ree_a trade_n anno_fw-la 1622._o and_o have_v of_o late_o publish_v ten_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n it_o may_v be_v think_v convenient_a to_o examine_v the_o same_o upon_o the_o say_a point_n 1_o the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o the_o overualuation_n consequent_o of_o foreign_a coin_n unto_o we_o which_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o want_n of_o money_n in_o england_n 2_o usury_n politic_a practise_v by_o many_o and_o abandon_v trade_n 3_o the_o litigious_a suit_n in_o law_n to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o trade_n 4_o the_o neglect_n of_o the_o fish_n trade_n preoccupy_v by_o other_o nation_n 5_o the_o endrape_n of_o wool_n in_o other_o country_n of_o late_a much_o increase_v 6_o the_o policy_n of_o merchant_n of_o several_a society_n 7_o the_o false_a make_n of_o cloth_n and_o other_o manufacture_n 8_o the_o exportation_n of_o the_o material_n of_o wool_n woolfel_n etc._n etc._n 9_o the_o war_n of_o christendom_n pirate_n and_o bankerupt_v 10_o the_o immoderate_a use_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n within_o the_o realm_n but_o before_o we_o come_v to_o this_o examination_n staple_n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o staple_n let_v we_o observe_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o staple_n and_o their_o privilege_n in_o the_o government_n thereof_o the_o most_o ancient_a foundation_n of_o merchant_n and_o merchandise_v in_o this_o kingdom_n both_o for_o trade_n and_o government_n have_v by_o continuance_n of_o time_n before_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o do_v obtain_v the_o name_n of_o staple_n the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o wool_n leather_n woolfells_n fell_n lead_v tin_n butter_n cheese_n clothes_n and_o other_o commodity_n be_v call_v staple_n merchandise_n the_o port_n from_o whence_o the_o say_v commodity_n be_v to_o be_v transport_v be_v call_v staple_n port_n as_o london_n westminster_n hull_n boyston_n bristol_n southampton_n new_a castle_n and_o other_o place_n the_o place_n of_o residence_n of_o these_o merchant_n both_o within_o this_o land_n and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v call_v the_o staple_n the_o law_n and_o ordinance_n make_v by_o the_o say_a merchant_n be_v call_v staple_n law_n under_o their_o government_n consist_v of_o a_o mayor_n two_o constable_n and_o other_o officer_n have_v the_o trade_n of_o this_o kingdom_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n flourish_v to_o the_o great_a enrich_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n and_o it_o have_v be_v support_v and_o assist_v by_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o state_n in_o all_o age_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o edward_z the_o three_o richard_z the_o second_o henry_n the_o four_o henry_n the_o five_o henry_n the_o six_o and_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o so_o that_o comprehend_v the_o merchant_n adventurer_n society_n with_o they_o which_o begin_v in_o the_o say_a time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o it_o be_v above_o four_o hundred_o year_n stand_v that_o the_o say_a society_n have_v be_v as_o we_o have_v note_v for_o by_o the_o providence_n of_o all_o those_o prince_n the_o staple_n trade_n be_v from_o time_n to_o time_n establish_v and_o especial_o by_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o in_o who_o reign_n a_o great_a number_n of_o memorable_a law_n be_v make_v for_o the_o purpose_n appoint_v the_o say_a officer_n and_o their_o fee_n to_o prevent_v extortion_n and_o all_o the_o king_n subject_n that_o will_v bring_v their_o good_n to_o the_o staple_n and_o trade_n trade_n the_o ancient_a free_a trade_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o ordinance_n thereof_o be_v admit_v to_o be_v merchant_n such_o be_v the_o free_a trade_n of_o this_o kingdom_n in_o those_o day_n wherein_o the_o subject_n of_o all_o sort_n upon_o all_o occasion_n may_v free_o participate_v under_o government_n at_o these_o staple_n be_v the_o king_n custom_n due_o collect_v and_o by_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o staple_n at_o two_o several_a time_n pay_v into_o the_o king_n exchequer_n and_o by_o their_o government_n be_v many_o inconueniency_n prevent_v whereby_o the_o former_a cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n be_v either_o moderate_v or_o reform_v namely_o 1_o the_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v require_v to_o be_v answer_v in_o true_a exchange_n according_a to_o their_o intrinsike_n value_n and_o their_o doller_n or_o other_o foreign_a coin_n be_v by_o the_o mayor_n and_o constable_n value_v according_o for_o there_o be_v no_o merchandise_v exchange_n use_v neither_o be_v banker_n know_v and_o when_o there_o want_v money_n in_o the_o kingdom_n or_o be_v like_a to_o want_v order_n be_v take_v by_o they_o to_o import_v bullion_n either_o the_o 1_o â—_o or_o 1_o â—_o part_n of_o the_o value_n of_o commodity_n export_v the_o debt_n between_o merchant_n be_v transfer_v or_o set_v over_o by_o bill_n to_o be_v register_v before_o the_o mayor_n or_o constable_n which_o be_v currant_n without_o the_o strict_a proceed_n of_o our_o common_a law_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v do_v now_o by_o a_o register_n authorise_v by_o his_o majesty_n letter_n parent_n 2_o in_o those_o day_n usury_n be_v account_v to_o be_v a_o abominable_a thing_n for_o it_o be_v not_o use_v by_o any_o course_n politic_a but_o see_v it_o be_v now_o so_o general_a in_o all_o country_n the_o best_a remedy_n to_o abate_v the_o same_o in_o price_n be_v to_o procure_v plenty_n of_o money_n within_o the_o realm_n by_o the_o mean_v before_o mention_v which_o will_v be_v more_o effectual_a of_o course_n than_o any_o law_n that_o will_v be_v devise_v for_o the_o moderation_n thereof_o 3_o to_o avoid_v the_o litigious_a suit_n in_o law_n the_o say_a mayor_n and_o constable_n of_o the_o staple_n have_v authority_n to_o determine_v they_o with_o all_o expedition_n and_o if_o it_o be_v upon_o a_o difference_n between_o a_o stapler_n and_o a_o merchant_n stranger_n there_o be_v two_o merchant_n stranger_n admit_v and_o join_v with_o the_o mayor_n or_o constable_n to_o determine_v the_o same_o and_o that_o with_o a_o present_a execution_n without_o delay_n especial_o upon_o a_o statute_n staple_n acknowledge_v before_o the_o mayor_n or_o constable_n as_o aforesaid_a 4_o the_o fish_n trade_n be_v not_o preoccupy_v by_o foreign_a nation_n as_o it_o have_v be_v within_o these_o hundred_o year_n as_o have_v be_v note_v albeit_o such_o ship_n as_o be_v permit_v to_o fish_n in_o the_o king_n sea_n and_o dominion_n pay_v six_o penny_n for_o every_o ton_n burden_n which_o be_v now_o eighteen_o penny_n and_o this_o trade_n may_v be_v establish_v with_o we_o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o several_a society_n of_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n russia_n and_o eastland_n merchant_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o england_n can_v maintain_v the_o same_o and_o the_o cloth_n trade_n together_o as_o they_o have_v certify_v 5_o the_o indrape_n of_o wool_n or_o make_v of_o cloth_n be_v of_o late_a much_o increase_v beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o less_o cloth_n make_v with_o we_o may_v give_v the_o better_a mean_n to_o establish_v the_o fish_n trade_n as_o aforesaid_a 6_o the_o policy_n of_o merchant_n of_o several_a country_n be_v to_o be_v meet_v withal_o as_o the_o stapler_n do_v in_o time_n past_a look_v to_o the_o sale_n both_o of_o wool_n and_o all_o other_o staple_n commodity_n and_o the_o price_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n to_o prevent_v the_o overballance_a in_o price_n of_o the_o say_v foreign_a ware_n with_o our_o native_a commodity_n 7_o to_o prevent_v the_o false_a make_n of_o cloth_n let_v we_o observe_v that_o at_o these_o staple_n merchant_n good_n be_v always_o diligent_o and_o careful_o view_v and_o subscribe_v by_o the_o corrector_n and_o other_o officer_n of_o the_o staple_n to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o good_n exported_a may_v be_v answerable_a in_o goodness_n to_o their_o expectation_n upon_o the_o view_n require_v whereby_o this_o staple_n trade_n continue_v without_o any_o interruption_n for_o they_o be_v the_o sole_a merchant_n of_o the_o realm_n without_o competitor_n until_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o four_o at_o which_o time_n certain_a mariner_n and_o mercer_n of_o london_n use_v to_o barter_n english_a clothes_n in_o holland_n zealand_n brabant_n and_o other_o place_n have_v by_o the_o say_a king_n henry_n the_o four_o a_o governor_n set_v over_o they_o only_o to_o be_v a_o judge_n to_o hear_v and_o decide_v their_o controversy_n and_o to_o punish_v their_o misdemeanour_n with_o licence_n that_o they_o may_v congregate_v themselves_o for_o that_o
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and_o benefit_n of_o their_o monarchy_n and_o state_n questionless_a therefore_o the_o state_n of_o a_o merchant_n be_v of_o great_a
dignity_n and_o to_o be_v cherish_v for_o by_o they_o country_n be_v discover_v familiarity_n between_o nation_n be_v procure_v and_o politic_a experience_n be_v attain_v whereupon_o i_o have_v be_v move_v by_o long_a observation_n to_o put_v the_o worthiness_n of_o the_o customary_a law_n of_o merchant_n in_o plain_a and_o compendious_a writing_n by_o undoubted_a principle_n familiar_a example_n and_o demonstrative_a reason_n without_o affectation_n of_o curious_a word_n more_o than_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o theme_n in_o some_o place_n do_v require_v i_o have_v entitle_v the_o book_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a name_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la and_o not_o ius_n mercatorum_fw-la because_o it_o be_v a_o customary_a law_n approve_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o all_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n and_o not_o a_o law_n establish_v by_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o any_o prince_n either_o in_o the_o first_o foundation_n or_o by_o continuance_n of_o time_n and_o beginning_n with_o time_n number_n weight_n and_o measure_n i_o do_v descend_v to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n divide_v into_o three_o part_n according_o by_o compare_v they_o to_o the_o body_n soul_n and_o spirit_n of_o commerce_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n the_o first_o as_o the_o body_n uphold_v the_o world_n by_o commutation_n and_o barter_n of_o commodity_n until_o money_n be_v devise_v to_o be_v coin_a the_o second_o as_o the_o soul_n in_o the_o body_n do_v infuse_v life_n to_o traffic_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o equality_n and_o equity_n prevent_v advantage_n between_o buyer_n and_o seller_n the_o three_o as_o the_o spirit_n and_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v seat_v every_o where_n corroborate_v the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o traffic_n direct_v and_o control_v by_o just_a proportion_n the_o price_n and_o value_n of_o commodity_n and_o money_n for_o even_o as_o merchant_n be_v the_o instrumental_a cause_n of_o trade_n even_o so_o be_v the_o exchange_n for_o money_n the_o efficient_a cause_n with_o we_o in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o become_v predominant_a or_o overrule_a the_o price_n of_o commodity_n and_o money_n as_o aforesaid_a this_o be_v manifest_v by_o three_o paradox_n allude_v to_o the_o say_v three_o essential_a part_n of_o commerce_n which_o for_o a_o corrollarie_n i_o have_v add_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o this_o book_n with_o such_o other_o worthy_a observation_n as_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n be_v declare_v and_o even_o as_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o world_n be_v compose_v of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n so_o be_v the_o body_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la make_v and_o frame_v of_o the_o merchant_n custom_n and_o the_o sea-lawe_n which_o be_v involue_v together_o as_o the_o sea_n and_o earth_n in_o the_o description_n whereof_o i_o have_v use_v to_o make_v repetition_n of_o the_o material_a point_n according_a as_o occasion_n do_v minister_v unto_o i_o for_o to_o make_v application_n thereof_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o judicious_a reader_n which_o be_v the_o main_a scope_n that_o all_o writer_n be_v to_o regard_n and_o care_n for_o the_o mean_n whereby_o the_o difference_n and_o controversy_n happen_v between_o merchant_n in_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n be_v end_v be_v also_o declare_v which_o most_o of_o all_o require_v brevity_n and_o expedition_n and_o have_v need_n of_o a_o peremptory_a proceed_n as_o be_v invent_v for_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n the_o due_a commendation_n whereof_o be_v add_v hereunto_o show_v also_o how_o of_o the_o same_o there_o may_v be_v make_v a_o art_n or_o science_n and_o what_o observation_n of_o other_o law_n be_v concur_v with_o we_o both_o in_o the_o strictness_n of_o law_n and_o the_o lenity_n of_o equity_n most_o consonant_a with_o the_o law-merchant_n the_o knowledge_n whereof_o be_v of_o so_o great_a consequence_n that_o without_o it_o all_o temporal_a law_n be_v not_o complete_a but_o imperfect_a the_o scope_n of_o all_o therefore_o be_v that_o the_o rule_n of_o equality_n and_o equity_n may_v take_v place_n between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n which_o velut_fw-la ariadnae_n caecaregens_fw-la filo_fw-la vestigia_fw-la non_fw-la modo_fw-la nos_fw-la errare_fw-la non_fw-la sinit_fw-la feed_v etiam_fw-la efficit_fw-la ut_fw-la aberrantes_fw-la in_o rectam_fw-la viam_fw-la deducamur_fw-la as_o have_v be_v mention_v in_o our_o last_o treatise_n of_o the_o maintenance_n of_o free_a trade_n late_o publish_v conclude_v gentle_a reader_n upon_o all_o the_o premise_n handle_v as_o i_o hope_v substantial_o i_o commend_v and_o submit_v the_o same_o to_o the_o love_a entertainment_n of_o the_o profound_a and_o discern_a judgement_n of_o the_o discreet_a wise_a and_o experience_v wish_v that_o like_a matter_n set_v down_o by_o the_o pen_n of_o apollo_n they_o may_v sound_v sweet_o in_o your_o apprehension_n and_o give_v to_o your_o conceit_n most_o harmonious_a music_n pleasure_n and_o delight_n london_n the_o 25_o of_o november_n 1622._o thou_o to_o use_v always_o ready_a gerard_n malynes_n a_o table_n of_o the_o content_n of_o the_o first_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o ancient_a law-merchant_n concern_v commodity_n compare_v to_o the_o body_n of_o traffic_n chapter_n pag._n 1_o a_o induction_n to_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o law-merchant_n and_o the_o antiquity_n thereof_o 1_o 2_o a_o observation_n concern_v time_n 8_o 3_o of_o number_n and_o the_o mystery_n thereof_o 17_o 4_o of_o weight_n and_o measure_n use_v in_o all_o place_n of_o the_o world_n with_o other_o observation_n 19_o 5_o of_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n 58_o 6_o a_o geometrical_a description_n of_o the_o world_n especial_o of_o europe_n measure_v by_o million_o of_o acre_n of_o ground_n upon_o the_o map_n 66_o 7_o of_o the_o commodity_n of_o all_o country_n whereby_o commerce_n be_v maintain_v 70_o 8_o of_o commutation_n or_o barter_n of_o commodity_n 83_o 9_o of_o ordinary_a buy_n and_o selling_n of_o commodity_n 91_o 10_o of_o suretyship_n and_o merchant_n promise_n 93_o 11_o of_o the_o revolution_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n 95_o 12_o of_o the_o transfer_v and_o set_v over_o of_o bill_n obligatorie_n between_o merchant_n and_o other_o 98_o 13_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o bill_n obligatorie_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o england_n 101_o 14_o of_o letter_n of_o credit_n and_o blank_n sign_v 104_o 15_o of_o letter_n of_o attorney_n or_o procuration_n and_o transport_v and_o conveyance_n 106_o 16_o of_o factor_n and_o servant_n and_o commission_n give_v unto_o they_o 111_o 17_o of_o the_o beginning_n of_o sea_n law_n 119_o 18_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o seafaring_a cause_n 121_o 19_o of_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n by_o contract_n 122_o 20_o of_o bank_n and_o banker_n 131_o 21_o of_o the_o freight_a of_o ship_n charterparty_n and_o bill_n of_o lade_n 134_o 22_o of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n his_o power_n and_o duty_n of_o the_o master_n to_o the_o merchant_n 142_o 23_o of_o the_o duty_n and_o privilege_n of_o marinors_n 144_o 24_o of_o the_o office_n of_o assurance_n and_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o same_o 146_o 25_o of_o policy_n of_o assurance_n and_o the_o substance_n of_o they_o and_o of_o contribution_n 150_o 26_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o contribution_n or_o aueridge_n 157_o 27_o of_o the_o particular_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o assurance_n 159_o 28_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v for_o assurance_n in_o case_n of_o loss_n 161_o 29_o of_o shipwreck_n and_o thing_n find_v upon_o the_o sea_n 167_o 30_o of_o partner_n and_o ship_n voyage_n 169_o 31_o of_o money_n take_v upon_o bottomarie_a by_o the_o master_n of_o a_o ship_n call_v foenus_fw-la nauticum_fw-la 171_o 32_o of_o ship_n and_o navigation_n 173_o 33_o a_o abridgement_n of_o the_o imperial_a sea_n law_n of_o the_o haunce_n town_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1614_o 175_o 34_o of_o navigation_n and_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n 182_o 35_o of_o the_o distinct_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n 185_o 36_o of_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o imposition_n pay_v upon_o commodity_n 193_o 37_o of_o merchant_n wager_n stipulation_n or_o convention_n 197_o 38_o of_o merchant_n mark_n set_v upon_o commodity_n 199_o 39_o of_o the_o buy_n and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n by_o broker_n and_o by_o the_o candle_n 201_o 40_o of_o buy_v of_o commodity_n by_o condition_n term_v capiticus_n and_o sell_v thing_n upon_o casualty_n 203_o 41_o of_o divide_v of_o commodity_n by_o lot_n 205_o 42_o of_o assotiation_n monopoly_n engrossing_n and_o forestallings_n 210_o 43_o of_o merchant_n oppignoration_n 218_o 44_o of_o the_o proceed_n use_v against_o bankrupt_n 221_o 45_o of_o manufacture_n 229_o 46_o of_o
5400_o geometrical_a mile_n or_o 21600_o ordinary_a mile_n but_o whereas_o the_o mile_n in_o all_o kingdom_n and_o country_n and_o almost_o in_o every_o province_n or_o shire_n do_v differ_v i_o have_v think_v convenient_a to_o admit_v one_o measure_n of_o one_o million_o of_o acre_n of_o ground_n to_o measure_v the_o whole_a globe_n thereby_o according_a to_o the_o map_n which_o be_v not_o only_o intelligible_a unto_o all_o man_n but_o all_o merchant_n also_o may_v have_v use_n hereof_o for_o by_o the_o number_n of_o the_o million_o of_o acre_n compare_v one_o kingdom_n unto_o another_o or_o one_o country_n unto_o another_o country_n they_o may_v know_v the_o bigness_n and_o spaciousness_n thereof_o which_o we_o have_v particular_o observe_v in_o europe_n with_o a_o distinction_n also_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o prince_n in_o these_o several_a country_n know_v by_o the_o name_n france_n italy_n germany_n and_o other_o which_o many_o time_n fall_v into_o consideration_n upon_o singular_a occasion_n this_o globe_n of_o the_o world_n be_v divide_v to_o be_v two_o three_o part_n water_n or_o sea_n and_o one_o three_o part_n land_n and_o of_o this_o land_n there_o be_v one_o three_o part_n not_o inhabit_v and_o the_o other_o two_o three_o part_n be_v as_o follow_v the_o whole_a circumference_n by_o the_o aforesaid_a measure_n be_v 19_o 803_o 575000_o which_o be_v 29_o milliars_n 803_o million_o 575_o thousand_o acre_n and_o the_o milliar_a be_v ten_o hundred_o million_o million_o a_o milliar_a be_v ten_o hundred_o million_o so_o the_o ⅔_n part_n water_n be_v 19_o milliars_n 869_o million_o and_o 50_o thousand_o acre_n of_o ground_n answerable_a and_o the_o other_o part_n three_o be_v 9_o milliars_n 934_o million_o 525000_o acre_n hereof_o deduct_v ⅓_n part_v not_o inhabit_v which_o be_v 3_o milliars_n 311_o million_o 508_o thousand_o acre_n so_o rest_v 6_o milliars_n 623_o million_o 17_o thousand_o acre_n of_o land_n inhabit_v whereof_o follow_v a_o particular_a distribution_n first_o for_o europe_n or_o christendom_n england_n contain_v 29_o million_o 568_o thousand_o acre_n scotland_n contain_v 14_o million_o 432_o thousand_o acre_n ireland_n contain_v 18_o million_o so_o these_o three_o kingdom_n with_o all_o their_o dominion_n of_o land_n and_o land_n adjacent_a under_o the_o diadem_n of_o king_n james_n contain_v 62_o million_o of_o acre_n of_o ground_n etc._n etc._n england_n be_v by_o this_o computation_n according_o with_o the_o dominion_n of_o wales_n and_o all_o island_n thereunto_o belong_v the_o thousand_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n or_o the_o 222_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n inhabit_v or_o the_o 333_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o scotland_n may_v be_v full_a the_o one_o half_a of_o this_o computation_n that_o be_v the_o 444_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n inhabit_v or_o the_o 666_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o the_o monarchy_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n be_v the_o 480_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n unnecessary_a fraction_n in_o cypher_n omit_v the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v 166_o time_n big_a than_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o world_n and_o so_o according_o for_o the_o sea_n and_o earth_n as_o aforesaid_a the_o 17_o province_n of_o the_o low-countries_n contain_v 10_o million_o 797_o thousand_o acre_n whereof_o the_o reconcile_a province_n with_o spain_n contain_v 7_o million_o 197_o thousand_o acre_n the_o unite_a province_n under_o the_o state_n contain_v 3_o million_o 599_o thousand_o acre_n the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n divide_v into_o 32_o province_n contain_v in_o all_o 82_o million_o 879_o thousand_o acre_n the_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n be_v eight_o in_o number_n contain_v as_o follow_v  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n castille_n 25_o million_o 730._o andalusia_n 2_o million_o 425_o granado_n 2_o million_o 128_o navarre_n 1_o million_o 458_o leon_n galisia_fw-la 9_o million_o 124_o arragon_n 13_o million_o 104_o biscaye_n 3_o million_o 412_o portugal_n 10_o million_o 154_o in_o all_o contain_v 67_o million_o 535_o thousand_o acre_n italia_n under_o spain_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n naples_n 11_o million_o 704_o lombardie_n 1_o million_o 640_o under_o venice_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n trevisana_n 2_o million_o 584_o verona_n 0_o million_o 480_o frioul_n 1_o million_o 047_o mantua_n 0_o million_o 480_o under_o rome_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n liguria_n 1_o million_o 415_o romagna_n 1_o million_o 085_o latium_n 0_o million_o 480_o hetruria_n 0_o million_o 540_o savoy_n 1_o million_o 910_o piedmont_n 1_o million_o 160_o toscana_n etc._n etc._n 4_o million_o 785_o suria_n and_o florence_n 480_o marca_n 1_o million_o 412_o ancona_n parma_n 0_o million_o 885_o sicilia_n 3_o million_o 113_o cypress_n 1_o million_o 601_o candia_n 2_o million_o 060_o corsica_n 1_o million_o 395_o sardegna_n 4_o million_o 089_o contain_v in_o all_o 44_o million_o 257_o thousand_o acre_n germania_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n saxonia_n 3_o million_o 484_o misina_n 3_o million_o 249_o turnigia_fw-la 1_o million_o 093_o lusatia_n 2_o million_o 572_o bavaria_n 3_o million_o 249_o helsatia_n 3_o million_o 644_o helvetia_n 12_o million_o 328_o basle_n 0_o million_o 842_o swebourgh_n 2_o million_o 109_o salsbourgh_n 1_o million_o 063_o trier_n mentz_n 4_o mill_n 237_o spiers_n strasbourgh_n and_o worm_n juliers_n 0_o million_o 348_o cleave_v 0_o million_o 258_o westphalia_n 2_o million_o 300_o osnab_n 0_o million_o 358_o silesia_n 5_o million_o 706_o bohemia_n 7_o million_o 024_o austria_n 6_o million_o 121_o moravia_n 4_o million_o 114_o pomerania_n 3_o million_o 249_o brandenbourgh_n 6_o million_o 208_o machalbourgh_n 2_o million_o 107_o franconia_n 6_o million_o 361_o tiroll_n 3_o million_o 249_o carinthia_n 1_o million_o 588_o stiria_n 1_o million_o 779_o palantine_n rhine_n 4_o million_o 361_o wirtenborgh_n 1_o million_o 223_o embden_n 0_o million_o 230_o oldenbourgh_n 0_o million_o 449_o liege_n 0_o million_o 548_o coloigne_n 0_o million_o 215_o contain_v in_o all_o 95_o million_o 646_o thousand_o acre_n prussia_n 10_o million_o 240_o thousand_o acre_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n russia_n 9_o million_o 607_o volhimia_n 5_o million_o 762_o massovia_n 1_o million_o 916_o livonia_n 34_o million_o 115_o poland_n 19_o million_o 205_o heretofore_o name_v polonia_n contain_v in_o all_o 80_o million_o m._n 845._o denmark_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n denmark_n 10_o million_o 426_o norway_n 28_o million_o 492_o holsten_n 1_o million_o 065_o ditinar_n 0_o million_o 337_o contain_v in_o all_o 40_o million_o 326_o thousand_o acre_n swethen_n sweathen_a 57_o million_o 430_o thousand_o acre_n finland_n 7_o million_o 531_o thousand_o gothia_n 20_o million_o 936_o thousand_o contain_v in_o all_o 85_o million_o 897_o thousand_o acre_n part_v of_o russiia_n or_o moscovia_n and_o situam_fw-la under_o europe_n 232_o million_o 558_o thousand_o acre_n so_o that_o whole_a europe_n or_o christendom_n do_v but_o contain_v 802_o million_o 740_o thousand_o acre_n europe_n europe_n which_o be_v not_o the_o 12_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n hungary_n dalmatia_n transyluania_n and_o all_o turkey_n 385_o mill_n m._n 367._o moscoviae_n pars_fw-la 128_o million_o 817_o thousand_o acre_n tartary_n 299_o million_o 110_o thousand_o asia_n asia_n persia_n 385_o million_o 367_o thousand_o calicut_n and_o east-india_n 587_o million_o 200_o thousand_o acre_n africa_n contain_v 1541_o million_o 883_o thousand_o acre_n africa_n africa_n america_n contain_v 1152_o million_o 400_o thousand_o acre_n america_n america_n nova_fw-la hispania_n 1349_o million_o 133_o thousand_o acre_n summa_fw-la totalis_fw-la of_o the_o inhabit_a part_n of_o the_o world_n six_o milliars_n six_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o three_o million_o and_o seven_o ten_o thousand_o acre_n of_o land_n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la the_o use_n of_o this_o description_n to_o know_v the_o bigness_n of_o one_o country_n compare_v unto_o another_o country_n be_v for_o example_n england_n contain_v twenty_o nine_o measure_n and_o odd_a bohemia_n contain_v seven_o measure_n and_o odd_a be_v the_o four_o part_n of_o england_n or_o thereabouts_o the_o seventeen_o province_n of_o the_o low_a country_n be_v ten_o measure_n and_o odd_a be_v the_o three_o part_n of_o england_n or_o thereabouts_o the_o monarchy_n of_o great_a britain_n be_v forty_o four_o measure_n and_o odd_a be_v as_o big_a as_o all_o italy_n and_o the_o five_o land_n of_o sicilia_n cyprus_n candia_n corsica_n and_o sardignia_n and_o be_v also_o more_o populous_a and_o so_o for_o all_o other_o country_n insomuch_o that_o england_n only_o contain_v twenty_o nine_o of_o those_o measure_n or_o million_o 568_o thousand_o acre_n of_o ground_n if_o we_o deduct_v the_o five_o million_o and_o 568_o thousand_o acre_n for_o wild_a &_o waste_a ground_n and_o highway_n england_n one_o penny_n a_o acre_n be_v one_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n in_o england_n there_o will_v remain_v four_o and_o twenty_o million_o of_o acre_n which_o at_o one_o penny_n a_o acre_n amount_v to_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n a_o
endeavour_v still_o to_o sell_v good_a cheap_a who_o see_v not_o that_o this_o bring_v a_o evident_a over_o ballence_v of_o commodity_n in_o price_n which_o be_v to_o be_v balance_v by_o the_o treasure_n and_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n again_o if_o our_o home_n commodity_n be_v sell_v too_o good_a cheap_a other_o nation_n can_v make_v a_o trade_n thereby_o for_o other_o country_n and_o overthrow_v the_o trade_n of_o several_a society_n of_o the_o realm_n we_o have_v see_v in_o time_n past_a that_o the_o western_a colour_n carseye_n be_v sell_v at_o norenborough_n in_o germany_n to_o the_o great_a loss_n and_o hindrance_n of_o the_o than_o turkey_n trade_n and_o at_o this_o present_a our_o suffolk_n clothes_n be_v sell_v so_o good_a cheap_a beyond_o the_o sea_n at_o amsterdam_n and_o other_o place_n that_o they_o have_v make_v a_o large_a trade_n for_o russia_n and_o east-land_n with_o our_o home_n commodity_n and_o thereby_o overthrow_v our_o trade_n by_o preoccupy_v the_o market_n and_o engross_a the_o commodity_n of_o those_o country_n aforehand_o from_o zealand_n there_o be_v a_o trade_n establish_v for_o barbary_n with_o the_o say_a clothes_n sell_v unto_o they_o thereby_o prevent_v the_o trade_n of_o english_a merchant_n which_o yield_v they_o but_o little_a profit_n and_o the_o commodity_n which_o they_o bring_v in_o return_n as_o hide_n almond_n and_o other_o thing_n be_v better_o vent_v beyond_o the_o sea_n where_o our_o merchant_n be_v force_v to_o transport_v they_o and_o the_o gold_n which_o they_o bring_v afford_v but_o little_a profit_n variable_a the_o time_n and_o season_n of_o trade_n be_v variable_a so_o that_o to_o make_v commerce_n to_o be_v a_o pastime_n be_v neither_o beneficial_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n noâ—_n to_o particular_a person_n the_o time_n or_o season_n of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n be_v mutable_a and_o subject_a to_o accident_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o at_o some_o one_o time_n commodity_n be_v well_o vent_v and_o at_o another_o time_n not_o the_o rash_a sale_n be_v not_o the_o profitable_a have_v not_o we_o find_v of_o late_a year_n that_o cloth_n be_v sell_v in_o great_a quantity_n and_o at_o great_a price_n when_o the_o todd_n of_o wool_n be_v sell_v at_o 32_o and_o 33_o shilling_n and_o clothes_n according_o than_o now_o when_o wool_n be_v sell_v for_o 18_o and_o 20_o shilling_n the_o revolution_n of_o thing_n may_v alter_v again_o and_o revive_v trade_n if_o not_o procure_v you_o to_o have_v foreign_a commodity_n better_o cheap_a whereof_o you_o have_v not_o so_o much_o need_v as_o they_o have_v of_o we_o strive_v not_o to_o undersell_v other_o to_o the_o hurt_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n under_o colour_n to_o increase_v trade_n commeâ—ce_n cause_n increase_v trade_n and_o commeâ—ce_n for_o trade_n do_v not_o increase_v when_o commodity_n be_v good_a cheap_a because_o the_o cheapenesse_n proceed_v of_o the_o small_a request_n and_o scarcity_n of_o money_n which_o make_v thing_n cheap_a so_o that_o the_o contrary_n augment_v trade_n when_o there_o be_v plenty_n of_o money_n and_o commodity_n become_v dear_a be_v in_o request_n concern_v the_o particular_a barter_n or_o truck_v with_o merchant_n every_o man_n do_v know_v who_o deal_v therein_o barter_n particular_a barter_n that_o this_o be_v do_v with_o such_o dexterity_n to_o take_v advantage_n in_o the_o price_n of_o their_o commodity_n one_o against_o the_o other_o that_o common_o either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o find_v himself_o aggrieve_v for_o the_o overreach_n therein_o be_v account_v a_o usual_a and_o ordinary_a practice_n and_o the_o commodity_n thus_o barter_v be_v plentiful_a and_o not_o in_o request_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o to_o have_v good_a commodity_n which_o be_v vendible_a at_o all_o time_n there_o be_v part_v give_v in_o ready_a money_n or_o in_o bill_n payable_a at_o short_a day_n of_o payment_n whereby_o many_o merchant_n be_v overreach_v and_o can_v have_v no_o remedy_n by_o law_n nor_o equity_n hence_o the_o proverb_n be_v derive_v caveat_n emptor_n for_o it_o be_v a_o buy_v and_o sell_v imply_v a_o advantage_n intend_v by_o both_o party_n how_o soever_o they_o will_v seem_v to_o colour_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o the_o proverb_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v upon_o all_o bargain_n of_o commodity_n whereby_o a_o man_n become_v a_o loser_n and_o he_o that_o deal_v in_o barter_n must_v be_v very_o circumspect_a and_o the_o money_n give_v in_o barter_n can_v be_v overset_v whereupon_o a_o principal_a merchant_n of_o london_n make_v once_o a_o barter_n in_o hope_n to_o overreach_v another_o merchant_n and_o they_o both_o be_v resolve_v to_o do_v their_o best_a endeavour_n therein_o agree_v to_o esteem_n and_o value_v their_o commodity_n at_o a_o high_a rate_n commutation_n a_o cunning_a commutation_n but_o withal_o the_o great_a merchant_n will_v have_v the_o one_o moiety_n of_o the_o some_o they_o shall_v barter_n for_o in_o ready_a money_n and_o so_o the_o more_o he_o do_v overualue_n his_o commodity_n which_o be_v cloth_n the_o more_o money_n be_v the_o other_o to_o lay_v out_o the_o bargain_n come_v to_o one_o thousand_o pound_n starling_n whereupon_o the_o party_n pay_v five_o hundred_o pound_n in_o ready_a money_n instant_o for_o all_o be_v do_v in_o two_o hour_n and_o deliver_v he_o also_o forty_o half_a piece_n of_o lawn_n at_o a_o certain_a price_n the_o first_o piece_n and_o in_o every_o two_o or_o three_o piece_n raise_v the_o price_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v in_o that_o kind_n of_o commodity_n the_o great_a merchant_n have_v overset_v his_o commodity_n or_o clothes_n fifty_o upon_o the_o hundred_o and_o the_o other_o merchant_n that_o can_v not_o overset_v his_o money_n have_v value_v his_o lawn_n at_o a_o very_a high_a rate_n of_o three_o for_o one_o at_o the_o least_o for_o all_o the_o say_v forty_o half_a piece_n of_o lawn_n be_v sell_v for_o 120_o will_v payable_a at_o two_o year_n day_n of_o payment_n and_o by_o the_o cloth_n there_o be_v not_o lose_v above_o one_o hundred_o pound_n hereupon_o long_o after_o the_o say_a party_n fall_v at_o variance_n the_o cause_n be_v by_o they_o compromit_v unto_o very_o sufficient_a arbitrator_n merchant_n and_o they_o do_v approve_v and_o confirm_v the_o say_a commutation_n and_o barter_n to_o be_v good_a for_o that_o the_o commodity_n be_v merchantable_a and_o they_o have_v endeavour_v to_o try_v their_o wit_n to_o overreach_v each_o other_o and_o moreover_o they_o award_v the_o great_a merchant_n to_o pay_v charge_n and_o will_v he_o to_o remember_v the_o old_a proverb_n he_o that_o buy_v lawn_n before_o he_o can_v fold_v it_o will_v repent_v before_o he_o have_v sell_v it_o but_o these_o particular_a commutation_n between_o man_n and_o man_n be_v not_o hurtful_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n unless_o they_o be_v between_o we_o and_o foreign_a nation_n in_o the_o plurality_n of_o the_o thing_n commute_v between_o we_o and_o they_o commutation_n a_o rule_n for_o commutation_n to_o prescribe_v therefore_o some_o kind_n of_o rule_n in_o permutation_n let_v we_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v in_o effect_n three_o kind_n of_o they_o and_o may_v be_v distinguish_v and_o say_v to_o be_v discreet_a temperate_a and_o desperate_a commutation_n discreet_a commutation_n the_o discreet_a be_v where_o without_o any_o compulsion_n or_o of_o course_n one_o kind_n of_o commodity_n be_v either_o in_o specie_fw-la or_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o money_n barter_v or_o deliver_v for_o another_o commodity_n of_o another_o kingdom_n as_o the_o bargain_n be_v to_o deliver_v sea-coal_n of_o newcastle_n into_o france_n for_o salt_n pay_v the_o freight_n on_o either_o side_n equal_o between_o they_o commutation_n temperate_a commutation_n the_o temperate_a commutation_n be_v where_o a_o merchant_n do_v expect_v a_o convenient_a time_n for_o the_o sell_n of_o his_o commodity_n according_a to_o the_o accident_n and_o occasion_n offer_v and_o do_v not_o overthrow_v the_o market_n of_o other_o that_o have_v the_o like_a commodity_n to_o sell_v by_o his_o rash_a sale_n commutation_n desperate_a commutation_n the_o desperate_a commutation_n be_v mere_a opposite_a unto_o it_o where_o a_o man_n either_o for_o want_v of_o discretion_n or_o upon_o urgent_a necessity_n to_o supply_v his_o credit_n and_o occasion_n sell_v or_o barter_v away_o his_o commodity_n for_o other_o foreign_a commodity_n to_o return_v homeward_o in_o all_o which_o great_a discretion_n be_v to_o be_v use_v and_o this_o aught_o to_o be_v a_o principal_a study_n for_o society_n and_o company_n to_o look_v unto_o albeit_o the_o same_o be_v not_o of_o such_o importance_n as_o the_o buy_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n at_o dear_a rate_n when_o merchant_n strive_v to_o engross_v they_o upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o ship_n as_o for_o corrint_n have_v happen_v at_o zante_n and_o venice_n chap._n ix_o of_o ordinary_a buy_n and_o selling_n of_o commodity_n every_o
instrument_n the_o like_a be_v for_o good_n cast_v which_o be_v bring_v within_o shipboard_n without_o the_o master_n or_o his_o pursers_n knowledge_n in_o the_o rate_v of_o good_n by_o way_n of_o contribution_n this_o order_n be_v observe_v if_o they_o chance_v to_o be_v cast_v before_o half_a the_o voyage_n perform_v than_o they_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v at_o the_o price_n they_o cost_v if_o after_o then_o at_o the_o price_n as_o the_o rest_n or_o the_o like_a shall_v be_v sell_v at_o the_o place_n of_o discharge_n the_o person_n who_o good_n have_v be_v cast_v be_v to_o be_v careful_a to_o have_v the_o same_o estimate_v before_o the_o ship_n do_v discharge_v and_o to_o deal_v with_o the_o master_n for_o that_o purpose_n for_o the_o law_n do_v intend_v that_o the_o good_n deliver_v unto_o he_o be_v not_o only_o as_o a_o pawn_n or_o pledge_v for_o his_o freight_n but_o also_o bind_v to_o answer_v all_o such_o contribution_n and_o aueridge_n that_o may_v happen_v and_o therefore_o the_o master_n may_v put_v his_o help_a hand_n thereunto_o until_o satisfaction_n be_v make_v albeit_o that_o common_o the_o detain_v of_o other_o man_n good_n be_v not_o allow_v sea_n three_o sort_n or_o manner_n of_o good_n token_n upon_o the_o sea_n herein_o let_v we_o now_o consider_v of_o thing_n take_v upon_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v of_o three_o sort_n the_o first_o we_o have_v already_o note_v to_o be_v good_n take_v by_o letter_n of_o mart_n by_o ius_fw-la represaliarum_fw-la the_o second_o be_v take_v from_o pirate_n or_o sea_n rover_n and_o the_o three_o from_o profess_a enemy_n touch_v that_o which_o be_v take_v from_o pirate_n see_v they_o be_v good_n which_o they_o have_v wrongful_o take_v from_o other_o whether_o they_o be_v find_v in_o their_o own_o or_o their_o successor_n possession_n these_o be_v esteem_v to_o be_v a_o just_a prize_n or_o prey_n to_o any_o taker_n of_o they_o so_o that_o account_n be_v make_v of_o they_o to_o the_o admiral_n and_o in_o case_n where_o the_o taker_n do_v find_v the_o good_n of_o his_o friend_n or_o countryman_n with_o the_o pirate_n it_o be_v reasonable_a that_o restitution_n be_v make_v upon_o good_a consideration_n of_o the_o charge_n and_o danger_n sustain_v concern_v the_o same_o if_o a_o ship_n or_o good_n be_v take_v from_o a_o profess_a enemy_n it_o be_v to_o be_v proceed_v in_o according_a to_o the_o authority_n whereby_o it_o be_v take_v but_o if_o good_n be_v take_v by_o a_o profess_a enemy_n and_o afterward_o the_o say_a good_n be_v take_v again_o from_o he_o and_o the_o true_a owner_n do_v claim_v they_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v restore_v to_o the_o owner_n for_o the_o law_n take_v these_o good_n to_o be_v as_o receive_v and_o not_o take_v yet_o with_o good_a recompense_n for_o they_o but_o when_o such_o good_n become_v a_o lawful_a prize_n to_o the_o taker_n than_o the_o admiral_n be_v to_o have_v his_o ten_o part_n according_a to_o the_o offer_n which_o abraham_n make_v unto_o god_n of_o the_o spoil_n which_o he_o take_v of_o the_o fine_a king_n and_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o good_n so_o take_v be_v to_o be_v proportionable_o divide_v between_o the_o taker_n or_o according_a to_o the_o composition_n former_o make_v in_o these_o case_n there_o be_v always_o a_o favourable_a consideration_n to_o be_v have_v which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o if_o two_o foreign_a nation_n be_v at_o war_n and_o the_o one_o take_v a_o ship_n from_o the_o other_o and_o bring_v she_o into_o a_o port_n or_o road_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o a_o neuterall_a nation_n alike_o friend_n to_o both_o then_o may_v the_o admiral_n of_o that_o nation_n ordain_v that_o ship_n to_o be_v restore_v to_o her_o owner_n and_o the_o person_n captive_a to_o their_o former_a liberty_n even_o as_o if_o she_o have_v be_v bring_v back_o to_o her_o own_o port_n or_o country_n again_o *_o âŽ_o *_o cahp._n xxii_o of_o the_o particular_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o assurance_n the_o observation_n to_o be_v consider_v of_o in_o matter_n of_o assurance_n be_v very_o material_a for_o every_o merchant_n and_o deserve_v a_o particular_a chapter_n in_o this_o treatise_n which_o i_o have_v compile_v according_a to_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o for_o the_o assuror_n benefit_n 1_o the_o first_o i_o have_v touch_v in_o the_o party_n who_o cause_v the_o assurance_n to_o be_v make_v both_o for_o his_o honest_a deal_n and_o whether_o he_o be_v a_o friend_n to_o the_o state_n or_o kingdom_n for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a 2_o to_o know_v the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o mariner_n to_o be_v honest_a and_o of_o experience_n to_o avoid_v the_o danger_n of_o barratrie_n and_o other_o accident_n 3_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o of_o she_o sail_v especial_o make_v her_o voyage_n alone_o or_o in_o company_n of_o other_o ship_n whether_o she_o be_v old_a or_o new_a build_v and_o the_o price_n of_o the_o assurance_n to_o be_v according_o 4_o to_o know_v by_o the_o map_n or_o sea-carde_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n or_o country_n where_o the_o ship_n be_v to_o sail_v and_o the_o danger_n of_o know_a rock_n and_o sand_n 5_o to_o have_v a_o regard_n what_o wind_n must_v serve_v and_o the_o true_a season_n of_o the_o year_n which_o make_v a_o difference_n in_o the_o price_n of_o assurance_n as_o for_o example_n a_o east_n or_o north-east_n wind_n drive_v from_o the_o land_n for_o spain_n which_o be_v less_o dangerous_a and_o receive_v six_o or_o seven_o pro_fw-la ciento_fw-la when_o a_o western_a or_o northwest_n or_o south-west_n drive_v from_o thence_o upon_o the_o land_n be_v to_o give_v seven_o or_o eight_o pro_fw-la ciento_fw-la in_o winter_n two_o in_o the_o hundred_o more_o than_o in_o summer_n unless_o it_o be_v by_o calm_n in_o place_n dangerous_a as_o now_o in_o the_o strait_n for_o the_o turkish_a pirate_n and_o without_o it_o the_o moor_n of_o barbary_n or_o other_o thief_n so_o ship_n go_v for_o east-land_n against_o winter_n will_v give_v two_o in_o the_o hundred_o more_o than_o in_o summer_n the_o like_a for_o ship_n bind_v for_o several_a port_n more_o subject_a to_o casualty_n etc._n etc._n 6_o to_o consider_v of_o the_o place_n of_o hostility_n where_o the_o ship_n must_v unlade_v or_o touch_v the_o danger_n of_o general_a or_o particular_a embargos_n of_o ship_n the_o likelihood_n of_o detainement_n of_o king_n and_o prince_n 7_o not_o to_o assure_v for_o unlawful_a place_n of_o trade_n or_o questionable_a between_o prince_n as_o guinea_n and_o there_o about_o the_o west-indies_n unless_o a_o good_a premio_fw-la be_v give_v as_o in_o a_o manner_n upon_o adventure_n lose_v or_o not_o lose_v 8_o to_o know_v upon_o what_o kind_n of_o good_n you_o do_v assure_v whether_o upon_o wine_n oil_n salt_n raisin_n and_o such_o like_a corruptible_a and_o perishable_a ware_n or_o upon_o other_o staple_n commodity_n as_o clothes_n tin_n lead_v or_o silk_n etc._n etc._n not_o subject_a so_o ordinary_o to_o aueridge_n and_o contribution_n as_o the_o other_o 9_o to_o know_v what_o ordnance_n and_o munition_n the_o ship_n be_v provide_v withal_o and_o not_o to_o assure_v upon_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ship_n but_o with_o good_a advice_n 10_o if_o you_o assure_v upon_o any_o particular_a good_n mark_v to_o know_v whether_o they_o be_v lade_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o there_o be_v danger_n of_o wet_n and_o spoil_v if_o above_o in_o the_o ship_n there_o be_v danger_n of_o pirate_n or_o of_o cast_v overboard_o about_o the_o middle_n be_v best_a 11_o to_o be_v advise_v not_o to_o assure_v beyond_o the_o limitation_n of_o your_o knowledge_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o other_o or_o from_o lixborne_a to_o brazell_n or_o from_o venice_n to_o tripoli_n or_o such_o like_a voyage_n whereof_o you_o can_v convenient_o have_v notice_n from_o time_n to_o time_n 12_o last_o to_o be_v provident_a in_o the_o contribution_n and_o averidge_n to_o answer_v for_o no_o more_o than_o be_v your_o due_n to_o pay_v and_o to_o have_v a_o inspection_n of_o the_o bill_n of_o lade_n if_o doubt_v be_v make_v of_o the_o commissioner_n sufficiency_n or_o knowledge_n in_o case_n of_o this_o nature_n the_o assurance_n upon_o the_o life_n of_o man_n whether_o age_a or_o young_a of_o good_a quality_n and_o diet_n of_o disposition_n gentle_a or_o quarrelsome_a a_o traveller_n or_o a_o dweller_n be_v somewhat_o extraordinary_a every_o man_n be_v best_a able_a to_o consider_v of_o it_o by_o the_o acquaintance_n of_o the_o person_n *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xxviii_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_n for_o assurance_n in_o case_n of_o loss_n whereas_o the_o policy_n of_o assurance_n remain_v with_o the_o assure_a be_v register_v verbatim_o in_o the_o office_n of_o assurance_n to_o the_o end_n that_o
the_o price_n for_o their_o advantage_n and_o so_o jump_v all_o to_o one_o end_n upon_o the_o imaginary_a money_n before_o declare_v which_o make_v the_o main_a ocean_n of_o exchange_n wherein_o the_o exchange_n of_o england_n be_v swallow_v up_o as_o a_o little_a river_n or_o branch_n of_o the_o same_o take_v still_o advantage_n upon_o our_o fine_a money_n and_o staple_n ware_n to_o glut_v we_o with_o their_o foreign_a commodity_n at_o dear_a rate_n and_o hence_o proceed_v the_o primum_fw-la mobile_a of_o exchange_n exchange_n primum_fw-la mobile_a of_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o inequality_n so_o much_o abuse_v from_o the_o true_a exchange_n of_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la and_o nevertheless_o admit_v to_o be_v high_a and_o low_a upon_o just_a occasion_n above_o the_o same_o as_o money_n be_v plentiful_a or_o scarce_o or_o the_o taker_n of_o it_o many_o or_o few_o to_o this_o purpose_n let_v we_o remember_v that_o about_o seventie_o year_n past_a between_o this_o realm_n and_o the_o low-countries_n many_o of_o their_o coin_n although_o much_o differ_v in_o standard_n do_v in_o the_o pound_n or_o mark_v weight_n and_o in_o the_o very_a piece_n and_o price_n answer_v the_o coin_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o do_v contain_v as_o much_o fine_a gold_n and_o silver_n as_o we_o par._n equal_a exchange_n or_o a_o true_a par._n and_o be_v also_o name_v and_o value_v according_o whereby_o twenty_o shilling_n here_o make_v also_o twenty_o shilling_n with_o they_o be_v a_o true_a par._n as_o for_o example_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr ss_z  _fw-fr ss_z  _fw-fr 23_o car_n 3_o ½_n the_o angel_n at_o 10_o the_o emperor_n royal_a at_o 10_o 22_o car_n fine_a 22_o car_n the_o french_a crown_n 6_o the_o flemish_a crown_n 6_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr ss_z  _fw-fr ss_z  _fw-fr 11_o ow_v 2_o penny_n weight_n ed._n crown_n of_o silver_n 5_o the_o philip_n dolor_n 5_o 10_o ounce_n fine_a english_a shilling_n 1_o flemish_n six_o stiver_n 1_o ten_o groat_n silver_n with_o the_o emperor_n florin_v four_o penny_n 3_o all_o these_o coin_n be_v not_o answer_v in_o standard_n for_o weight_n and_o fineness_n but_o be_v alter_v and_o enhance_v by_o valuation_n to_o double_a and_o more_o as_o you_o may_v find_v by_o the_o valuation_n heretofore_o declare_v by_o mean_n whereof_o inequality_n creep_v in_o by_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n wherein_o our_o merchant_n have_v follow_v the_o advice_n of_o other_o and_o lose_v the_o rule_n of_o exchange_n exchange_n england_n lose_v the_o rule_n of_o exchange_n and_o do_v observe_v to_o raise_v the_o price_n here_o when_o it_o be_v rise_v beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o we_o fall_v in_o price_n as_o they_o do_v fall_v and_o so_o the_o public_a measure_n of_o exchange_n between_o they_o and_o we_o be_v falsify_v and_o untrue_a whereby_o our_o commodity_n be_v sell_v and_o also_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v buy_v this_o may_v be_v illustrate_v by_o a_o similitude_n for_o concern_v the_o sale_n of_o our_o commodity_n we_o do_v as_o much_o in_o effect_n as_o if_o some_o draper_n do_v sell_v his_o cloth_n at_o a_o certain_a price_n the_o yard_n and_o suffer_v the_o buyer_n to_o measure_v out_o the_o same_o by_o the_o buyer_n own_o false_a yard_n or_o like_o a_o grocer_n that_o sell_v out_o his_o pepper_n by_o the_o pound_n at_o a_o price_n agree_v upon_o and_o be_v content_v that_o the_o buyer_n shall_v weigh_v it_o out_o by_o a_o weight_n which_o unknown_a unto_o he_o be_v false_a and_o so_o lose_v unaware_o or_o get_v less_o than_o he_o make_v account_n of_o because_o the_o fraud_n use_v in_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n be_v unknown_a unto_o he_o even_o so_o be_v the_o cunning_a course_n of_o exchange_n unknown_a unto_o we_o and_o so_o be_v our_o money_n export_v and_o hinder_v to_o be_v import_v again_o *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o true_a reformation_n of_o exchange_n as_o of_o all_o thing_n and_o in_o all_o humane_a action_n the_o beginning_n progress_n continuance_n and_o termination_n or_o end_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v for_o the_o better_a judgement_n so_o by_o compare_v they_o often_o to_o their_o principle_n &_o original_n not_o only_o the_o disgression_n of_o it_o be_v make_v apparent_a but_o also_o the_o long_a continuance_n in_o the_o same_o estate_n be_v thereby_o procure_v to_o reduce_v they_o again_o to_o their_o first_o integrity_n and_o goodness_n for_o there_o be_v never_o any_o thing_n by_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n so_o well_o devise_v or_o so_o sure_o establish_v which_o in_o continuance_n of_o time_n have_v not_o be_v corrupt_v so_o that_o the_o matter_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v a_o merchandise_n require_v this_o consideration_n for_o the_o reduce_v thereof_o to_o his_o first_o principle_n and_o foundation_n which_o be_v the_o intrinsique_n value_n of_o coin_n of_o country_n and_o country_n according_a to_o weight_n and_o fineness_n albeit_o the_o price_n thereof_o in_o exchange_n do_v rise_v and_o fall_v according_a to_o scarcity_n or_o plenty_n of_o money_n proceed_v of_o the_o few_o or_o many_o deliverer_n and_o taker_n thereof_o in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n not_o by_o commodity_n only_o but_o also_o by_o exchange_n devise_v upon_o money_n in_o nature_n of_o merchandise_n herein_o be_v the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n so_o often_o name_v to_o be_v consider_v joint_o and_o divide_o for_o the_o good_a and_o welfare_n of_o commonweal_n etc._n the_o general_a benefit_n to_o be_v prefer_v etc._n etc._n and_o not_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o particular_a or_o few_o person_n for_o albeit_o that_o the_o general_n be_v compose_v of_o the_o particular_a yet_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o the_o particular_a will_v breed_v a_o great_a inconvenience_n to_o the_o general_a whereby_o private_a person_n may_v reap_v a_o benefit_n to_o the_o hurt_n of_o a_o multitude_n or_o the_o whole_a commonwealth_n in_o nature_n of_o some_o monopoly_n heretofore_o declare_v which_o may_v as_o well_o happen_v by_o ignorance_n as_o by_o premeditate_a practice_n for_o to_o speak_v ingenious_o merchant_n can_v enter_v into_o consideration_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n import_v at_o dear_a rate_n and_o the_o native_a commodity_n at_o lesser_a rate_n export_v respective_o of_o former_a time_n by_o the_o disportation_n whereof_o come_v a_o evident_a overballance_v of_o commodity_n merchant_n do_v not_o regard_v whether_o the_o money_n of_o a_o kingdom_n be_v underualued_a in_o exchange_n by_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o foreign_a coin_n in_o other_o country_n whereby_o our_o money_n be_v export_v and_o foreign_a coin_n or_o bullion_n can_v be_v import_v but_o at_o a_o exceed_a loss_n last_o merchant_n do_v not_o know_v the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o country_n and_o the_o proportion_n observe_v between_o gold_n and_o silver_n nor_o the_o several_a difference_n of_o standard_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n a_o matter_n so_o necessary_a for_o they_o to_o know_v to_o drive_v a_o profitable_a trade_n as_o by_o this_o book_n they_o may_v now_o understand_v for_o the_o common_a good_a prince_n and_o governor_n therefore_o be_v to_o direct_v they_o according_a to_o the_o law_n wherein_o the_o law-merchant_n must_v be_v the_o true_a guide_n and_o direct_a this_o direction_n must_v as_o well_o be_v establish_v upon_o the_o coin_n of_o other_o nation_n as_o upon_o the_o money_n of_o the_o kingdom_n because_o the_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v make_v by_o several_a coin_n upon_o the_o valuation_n make_v thereof_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o prince_n whereby_o sometime_o the_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v not_o proportionable_o value_v according_a to_o the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n which_o be_v thereby_o divert_v also_o to_o be_v import_v unto_o we_o for_o example_n let_v we_o take_v the_o valuation_n aforesaid_a make_v in_o the_o unite_a province_n during_o the_o government_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n at_o which_o time_n the_o royal_a of_o eight_o be_v value_v at_o forty_o and_o two_o stiver_n and_o the_o rickx_n doller_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o also_o their_o own_o doller_n at_o forty_o and_o five_o stiver_n and_o the_o english_a shilling_n at_o twelve_o penny_n here_o be_v there_o value_v at_o ten_o stiver_n make_v twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a to_o be_v by_o exchange_n thirty_o three_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n as_o a_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la or_o value_n for_o value_n the_o like_a for_o hamborough_n at_o twenty_o four_o shilling_n and_o nine_o penny_n as_o have_v be_v note_v now_o five_o royal_n of_o eight_o which_o be_v at_o forty_o two_o stiver_n thirty_o five_o shilling_n be_v value_v at_o forty_o two_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n that_o be_v to_o say_v at_o fifty_o one_o stiver_n and_o yet_o the_o exchange_n be_v take_v still_o at_o the_o say_a
a_o occasion_n to_o gather_v in_o his_o own_o debt_n soon_o in_o some_o place_n also_o they_o may_v not_o arrest_v upon_o the_o sabbath_n day_n and_o holiday_n to_o the_o end_n they_o shall_v not_o be_v deprive_v of_o divine_a service_n towards_o god_n and_o comfort_n of_o their_o soul_n the_o officer_n or_o sergeant_n may_v not_o arrest_v any_o man_n upon_o the_o burse_n or_o royal_a exchange_n although_o the_o party_n to_o be_v arrest_v shall_v yield_v thereunto_o and_o renounce_v the_o say_a privilege_n it_o be_v not_o many_o year_n since_o that_o a_o merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n be_v upon_o the_o exchange_n at_o antuerp_n have_v notice_n give_v he_o that_o another_o merchant_n have_v give_v order_n that_o upon_o his_o go_v from_o the_o exchange_n he_o shall_v be_v arrest_v and_o that_o the_o officer_n do_v attend_v he_o be_v near_o at_o hand_n whereupon_o he_o perceive_v the_o say_a officer_n call_v he_o unto_o he_o and_o say_v he_o will_v obey_v the_o arrest_n which_o for_o the_o first_o time_n be_v but_o a_o adiourn_v or_o citation_n the_o officer_n do_v require_v a_o pledge_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o coin_n in_o token_n thereof_o as_o the_o manner_n be_v which_o he_o give_v he_o afterward_o this_o merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n be_v otherwise_o advise_v by_o his_o friend_n do_v disclaim_v from_o that_o arrest_n because_o it_o be_v do_v upon_o the_o exchange_n and_o claim_v the_o say_a privilege_n insomuch_o that_o the_o magistrate_n and_o the_o learned_a advocate_n on_o both_o side_n do_v thereupon_o assemble_v in_o the_o town-house_n as_o it_o be_v the_o guild-hall_n and_o there_o the_o matter_n be_v debate_v and_o discuss_v at_o large_a according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o it_o be_v at_o last_o conclude_v and_o determine_v that_o the_o say_a arrest_n be_v void_a in_o law_n for_o the_o renunciation_n of_o a_o privilege_n by_o any_o particular_a privilege_n the_o renunciation_n of_o a_o privilege_n can_v abolish_v the_o privilege_n or_o many_o person_n can_v derogate_v or_o abrogate_v any_o custom_n or_o privilege_n not_o only_o in_o the_o general_a but_o also_o in_o the_o particular_a so_o that_o within_o twenty_o and_o four_o hour_n after_o he_o may_v have_v be_v arrest_v again_o but_o he_o be_v non_fw-la inventus_fw-la and_o upon_o this_o arrest_n he_o be_v to_o find_v caution_n to_o answer_v the_o law_n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v understand_v for_o all_o privilege_a place_n as_o church_n chapel_n churchyard_n and_o other_o place_n of_o jurisdiction_n and_o diverse_a city_n and_o town_n do_v not_o permit_v any_o man_n to_o be_v arrest_v upon_o foreign_a plea_n for_o debt_n or_o contract_n make_v in_o other_o town_n place_n or_o country_n which_o be_v as_o place_n of_o refuge_n for_o some_o merchant_n as_o the_o town_n of_o middleborough_n in_o zealand_n refuge_n town_n of_o refuge_n and_o the_o town_n of_o dort_n in_o holland_n and_o other_o city_n and_o town_n in_o other_o country_n and_o most_o city_n and_o town_n where_o a_o nation_n or_o a_o society_n of_o merchant_n do_v agree_v to_o make_v their_o residence_n as_o the_o company_n of_o merchant_n adventurer_n and_o other_o common_o the_o say_a city_n and_o town_n do_v exempt_v they_o from_o all_o litigious_a suit_n which_o happen_v between_o themselves_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o their_o governor_n or_o court_n master_n so_o as_o only_a controversy_n happen_v between_o they_o and_o stranger_n or_o inhabitant_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o the_o law_n for_o the_o determination_n of_o merchant_n difference_n they_o will_v also_o free_v they_o from_o all_o debt_n owe_v by_o king_n prince_n and_o state_n so_o that_o the_o subject_n good_n shall_v not_o be_v liable_a thereunto_o to_o the_o end_n that_o traffic_n be_v not_o interrupt_v the_o officer_n or_o sergeant_n which_o make_v these_o arrest_n be_v know_v by_o their_o habit_n habit_n officer_n know_v by_o their_o habit_n or_o by_o a_o rod_n to_o be_v see_v in_o their_o hand_n and_o may_v not_o by_o stealth_n come_v upon_o a_o man_n whereby_o many_o insolence_n be_v prevent_v and_o sergeant_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o be_v kill_v as_o many_o time_n they_o be_v with_o us._n and_o if_o they_o have_v not_o their_o habit_n or_o colour_n no_o man_n be_v to_o assist_v they_o if_o they_o be_v abuse_v and_o the_o rescue_v of_o a_o man_n then_o be_v no_o offence_n and_o howsoever_o if_o a_o man_n arrest_v or_o to_o be_v arrest_v do_v run_v away_o every_o man_n give_v he_o way_n as_o desirous_a to_o help_v he_o to_o keep_v he_o out_o of_o trouble_n account_v the_o arrest_v of_o a_o man_n to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o hangman_n office_n and_o nevertheless_o their_o hangman_n be_v see_v to_o be_v always_o in_o rich_a apparel_n and_o be_v repute_v as_o necessary_a member_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n whereas_o in_o england_n it_o be_v very_o contemptible_a and_o base_a return_v to_o speak_v again_o of_o attachment_n it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a consideration_n with_o we_o not_o to_o admit_v any_o to_o be_v do_v either_o in_o london_n or_o any_o other_o city_n or_o town_n corporate_a specialty_n attachment_n to_o be_v grant_v upon_o specialty_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o london_n unless_o it_o be_v upon_o plain_a specialty_n and_o also_o with_o put_v in_o good_a surety_n for_o the_o cost_n for_o it_o be_v a_o very_a dangerous_a thing_n for_o merchant_n dwell_v beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o merchant_n which_o dwell_v in_o remote_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v their_o factor_n at_o london_n if_o they_o upon_o any_o surmise_n or_o pretence_n of_o debt_n shall_v make_v secret_o any_o attachment_n in_o their_o own_o hand_n of_o their_o master_n good_n either_o when_o they_o know_v their_o master_n to_o be_v dead_a or_o travel_v in_o some_o foreign_a country_n upon_o a_o long_a voyage_n as_o occasion_n may_v fall_v out_o and_o so_o by_o practice_n deceive_v they_o of_o their_o estate_n by_o plead_v afterward_o the_o say_a attachment_n or_o judgement_n have_v thereupon_o in_o bar_n as_o aforesaid_a chap._n xii_o of_o sequestration_n and_o execution_n the_o magistrate_n consider_v that_o abuse_n may_v be_v commit_v many_o way_n by_o attachment_n do_v common_o use_v sequestration_n of_o good_n by_o deliver_v they_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o three_o person_n or_o take_v of_o they_o into_o their_o own_o custody_n or_o power_n for_o by_o these_o mean_n also_o be_v many_o attachment_n prevent_v which_o man_n will_v do_v if_o the_o dispose_n of_o the_o good_n or_o debt_n do_v come_v into_o their_o own_o power_n wherein_o they_o have_v a_o care_n not_o to_o feed_v the_o humour_n of_o contentious_a person_n which_o be_v mere_o contrary_a to_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o sentence_n wherein_o the_o life_n of_o the_o law_n do_v consist_v they_o do_v proceed_v gradatim_fw-la law_n execution_n be_v the_o life_n of_o the_o law_n and_o if_o any_o such_o sequestration_n be_v make_v unjust_o or_o without_o cause_n the_o civil_a law_n as_o also_o the_o office_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n hereafter_o declare_v will_v give_v good_a cost_n and_o damage_n execution_n considerable_a execution_n in_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o say_a magistrate_n there_o be_v many_o persuasive_a mean_n use_v by_o they_o in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o debtor_n with_o the_o creditor_n to_o bring_v he_o to_o a_o composition_n if_o not_o than_o some_o officer_n be_v send_v to_o the_o party_n house_n to_o keep_v he_o as_o it_o be_v a_o prisoner_n to_o who_o he_o must_v give_v meat_n drink_n lodging_n and_o a_o daily_a fee_n according_a to_o the_o judge_n appointment_n and_o as_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v of_o moment_n to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o this_o pecuniary_a punishment_n he_o may_v cause_v he_o to_o pay_v or_o satisfy_v the_o creditor_n which_o be_v aggravate_v by_o send_v two_o officer_n at_o the_o first_o than_o two_o more_o and_o so_o six_o or_o eight_o of_o they_o to_o eat_v he_o out_o of_o house_n and_o home_n for_o these_o man_n will_v gnaw_v he_o to_o the_o very_a bone_n and_o be_v therefore_o call_v clyvers_a or_o devourer_n but_o if_o the_o debtor_n will_v not_o endure_v this_o and_o do_v go_v wilful_o to_o prison_n than_o the_o creditor_n must_v find_v the_o debtor_n maintenance_n at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o judge_n who_o may_v if_o he_o will_v present_o put_v he_o to_o bread_n and_o water_n which_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o do_v but_o when_o it_o be_v know_v that_o the_o party_n have_v mean_n and_o will_v not_o satisfy_v his_o creditor_n who_o after_o the_o imprisonment_n of_o the_o person_n can_v come_v upon_o the_o good_n again_o according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n than_o he_o be_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o arcta_fw-la custodia_fw-la with_o
all_o remedy_n against_o his_o estate_n for_o ever_o the_o consideration_n hereof_o make_v the_o debtor_n to_o retain_v in_o his_o hand_n what_o they_o can_v to_o maintain_v themselves_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o to_o keep_v they_o from_o perish_v which_o make_v also_o against_o the_o crditors_n profit_n the_o body_n of_o every_o subject_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n commonwealth_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n and_o every_o subject_n be_v a_o member_n or_o single_a part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n so_o that_o to_o take_v this_o body_n and_o to_o cast_v the_o same_o into_o prison_n for_o debt_n where_o he_o must_v lie_v rot_v idle_o and_o unprofitable_o all_o the_o day_n of_o his_o life_n and_o die_v miserable_o be_v no_o other_o than_o to_o strip_v and_o rob_v the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n of_o their_o limb_n and_o member_n and_o consequent_o of_o the_o service_n and_o endeavour_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o subject_n yearly_a of_o all_o degree_n and_o profession_n to_o do_v service_n to_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n which_o number_n of_o prisoner_n exceed_v all_o the_o prisoner_n in_o all_o other_o country_n it_o be_v therefore_o in_o christian_n charity_n wish_v and_o in_o all_o godly_a policy_n desire_v that_o the_o body_n and_o endeavour_n of_o all_o debtor_n may_v be_v free_a from_o imprisonment_n and_o the_o creditor_n recovery_n be_v make_v against_o the_o debtor_n land_n and_o good_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a fundamental_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v most_o consonant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n to_o christian_n charity_n to_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n and_o to_o godly_a policy_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o that_o interim_n the_o relief_n of_o prisoner_n may_v be_v permit_v which_o the_o late_a queen_n elizabeth_n grant_v for_o she_o and_o her_o successor_n in_o the_o 28._o year_n of_o her_o reign_n by_o a_o large_a commission_n record_v in_o the_o high_a court_n of_o chancery_n the_o exemplification_n whereof_o be_v by_o all_o prisoner_n for_o debt_n humble_o desire_v many_o other_o reason_n be_v allege_v in_o the_o say_a remonstrance_n invective_n against_o usury_n and_o usuror_n which_o i_o have_v omit_v and_o hereunto_o let_v we_o add_v certain_a observation_n in_o general_a concern_v execution_n the_o law_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o mute_a magistrate_n but_o the_o magistrate_n be_v a_o living_n law_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o law_n be_v in_o command_v and_o the_o strength_n of_o command_v be_v in_o the_o constrain_a or_o execute_v of_o the_o law_n which_o belong_v unto_o judge_n and_o magistrate_n the_o consideration_n hereof_o do_v produce_v a_o diversity_n of_o opinion_n whether_o judge_n or_o magistrate_n ought_v to_o be_v for_o a_o time_n or_o term_n of_o life_n the_o often_o change_v of_o they_o being_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o do_v instigate_v man_n to_o accuse_v those_o that_o have_v not_o discharge_v the_o place_n of_o their_o office_n due_o law_n custom_n of_o the_o roman_n about_o execution_n of_o law_n whereby_o wickedness_n be_v not_o only_o punish_v but_o also_o every_o man_n through_o emulation_n do_v endeavour_v himself_o to_o follow_v virtue_n and_o to_o discharge_v the_o place_n of_o his_o call_n beside_o whereas_o virtue_n in_o all_o commonweal_n be_v the_o principal_a point_n whereat_o man_n aim_v and_o whereunto_o the_o law_n do_v bind_v they_o so_o the_o distribution_n of_o office_n be_v a_o reward_n of_o virtue_n which_o can_v be_v do_v to_o many_o when_o they_o be_v give_v in_o perpetuity_n to_o some_o few_o which_o many_o time_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o sedition_n by_o the_o inequal_a distribution_n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n in_o some_o commonweal_n officer_n inconvenience_n of_o yearly_a officer_n true_a it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v many_o inconvenience_n if_o the_o officer_n be_v but_o for_o one_o year_n or_o a_o short_a time_n to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o the_o public_a good_a for_o they_o must_v leave_v their_o place_n before_o they_o know_v the_o duty_n of_o it_o and_o common_o unto_o one_o that_o be_v but_o a_o novice_n in_o the_o place_n whereby_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n fall_v into_o the_o government_n of_o such_o as_o be_v incapable_a thereof_o and_o without_o experience_n and_o if_o they_o be_v fit_a for_o the_o place_n their_o time_n be_v short_a that_o it_o do_v vanish_v away_o in_o feast_n and_o pleasure_n and_o matter_n either_o public_a or_o private_a do_v remain_v undecided_a and_o every_o thing_n protract_v without_o due_a administration_n of_o justice_n beside_o how_o be_v it_o in_o common_a sense_n and_o reason_n possible_a that_o he_o shall_v command_v with_o the_o effectual_a power_n of_o a_o magistrate_n that_o within_o a_o little_a while_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o cipher_n without_o power_n or_o authority_n what_o subject_n will_v yield_v he_o due_a respect_n and_o reverence_v whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o his_o office_n be_v perpetual_a and_o his_o estate_n assure_v he_o be_v resolve_v bold_o to_o resist_v the_o wicked_a to_o defend_v the_o good_a permanent_a commodity_n have_v by_o judge_n permanent_a to_o revenge_v the_o injury_n of_o the_o oppress_a and_o even_o to_o withstand_v tyrant_n who_o many_o time_n have_v be_v astonish_v to_o see_v the_o constancy_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o magistrate_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o justice_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o herein_o be_v the_o common_a law_n excellent_a because_o the_o judge_n and_o magistrate_n be_v authorise_v according_o for_o term_v of_o life_n as_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o place_n require_v and_o be_v also_o choose_v with_o great_a solemnity_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o integrity_n knowledge_n and_o experience_n in_o the_o law_n whereof_o they_o be_v the_o ornament_n whereas_o to_o call_v the_o yearly_a judge_n in_o question_n after_o their_o time_n expire_v be_v a_o derogation_n and_o dishonour_n to_o the_o law_n in_o other_o country_n the_o sheriff_n and_o many_o other_o officer_n which_o put_v in_o every_o county_n the_o writ_n commandment_n annual_a subaltern_a officer_n annual_a and_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n in_o execution_n be_v remove_v every_o year_n and_o the_o same_o be_v expire_v they_o may_v be_v call_v to_o account_v to_o answer_v for_o any_o misdemeanour_n commit_v by_o they_o during_o their_o office_n by_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o the_o law_n which_o make_v they_o vigilant_a and_o circumspect_a in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o place_n which_o they_o supply_v either_o personal_o or_o by_o deputy_n for_o who_o offence_n they_o must_v answer_v this_o authority_n and_o severity_n of_o the_o judge_n therefore_o do_v prevent_v many_o mischief_n put_v a_o fear_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o offender_n of_o the_o law_n by_o the_o rigour_n thereof_o which_o in_o criminal_a case_n be_v call_v by_o some_o cruelty_n but_o the_o merciful_a judge_n be_v more_o to_o be_v blame_v in_o these_o case_n than_o the_o severe_a because_o severity_n make_v man_n to_o be_v obedient_a unto_o the_o law_n whereas_o too_o much_o lenity_n cause_v contempt_n both_o of_o law_n and_o magistrate_n nevertheless_o as_o there_o be_v in_o all_o commonweal_n two_o principal_a point_n which_o the_o magistrate_n be_v to_o consider_v namely_o law_n and_o equity_n so_o the_o execution_n of_o law_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v by_o the_o magistrate_n who_o sometime_o be_v too_o severe_a may_v do_v more_o hurt_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n than_o good_a see_v the_o intention_n of_o those_o that_o make_v the_o law_n good_a law_n intention_n be_v the_o common_a good_a be_v to_o provide_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n salus_fw-la populi_fw-la suprema_fw-la lex_fw-la esto_fw-la this_o may_v be_v say_v especial_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o statute_n law_n whereof_o we_o have_v the_o example_n of_o empson_n and_o dudley_n fresh_a in_o memory_n who_o be_v privy_a councillor_n to_o king_n henry_n 7_o cause_v the_o penal_a law_n to_o be_v strict_o execute_v against_o his_o subject_n whereby_o the_o king_n gather_v much_o treasure_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n which_o be_v much_o displease_v unto_o he_o as_o the_o chronicle_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v record_v because_o there_o be_v nothing_o so_o effectual_a to_o cause_v the_o prince_n to_o be_v call_v a_o tyrant_n than_o this_o course_n of_o strict_a execution_n of_o law_n which_o have_v a_o affinity_n with_o the_o say_n of_o nicholas_n machiavelli_n sometime_o secretary_n to_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscanie_n touch_v the_o condition_n of_o man_n in_o general_n it_o be_v miserable_a that_o we_o can_v do_v all_o thing_n machiavelli_n the_o say_n of_o machiavelli_n more_o miserable_a to_o do_v that_o which_o we_o will_v do_v and_o most_o miserable_a to_o do_v that_o which_o we_o can_v do_v informer_n nevertheless_o be_v necessary_a member_n in_o
have_v the_o first_o cause_n he_o take_v in_o hand_n to_o go_v on_o his_o side_n whereupon_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o cause_n between_o he_o and_o the_o say_a doctor_n be_v the_o first_o cause_n and_o so_o there_o can_v be_v no_o proceed_n therein_o the_o student_n plead_v the_o condition_n in_o bar_n the_o court_n of_o chancery_n be_v proper_o call_v a_o court_n of_o conscience_n because_o it_o reason_v on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o complainant_n by_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n before_o mention_v quod_fw-la tibi_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la vis_fw-la alteri_fw-la ne_fw-la feceris_fw-la for_o in_o the_o chancery_n every_o man_n be_v able_a by_o light_n of_o nature_n to_o foresee_v the_o end_n of_o his_o cause_n and_o to_o give_v himself_o a_o reason_n thereof_o and_o be_v therefore_o term_v a_o cause_n whereas_o at_o the_o common-law_n the_o client_n matter_n be_v term_v a_o case_n case_n difference_n between_o cause_n and_o case_n according_a to_o the_o word_n casus_n which_o be_v accedentall_a for_o the_o party_n do_v hardly_o know_v a_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v by_o law_n adjudge_v with_o or_o against_o he_o the_o chancery_n therefore_o upon_o bill_n and_o answer_n between_o the_o complainant_n and_o defendant_n grant_v a_o injunction_n to_o stay_v the_o proceed_n in_o the_o court_n of_o common-law_n until_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v examine_v and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o matter_n of_o equity_n find_v chancery_n injunction_n of_o the_o chancery_n than_o the_o cause_n be_v dismiss_v to_o the_o law_n again_o with_o cost_n to_o the_o party_n merchant_n cause_n be_v proper_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o chancery_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v do_v with_o great_a expedition_n but_o it_o fall_v out_o otherwise_o because_o they_o be_v by_o commission_n common_o refer_v to_o merchant_n to_o make_v report_n of_o the_o state_n thereof_o unto_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n â—or_a the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n be_v preserve_v chief_o by_o the_o say_a court_n and_o above_o all_o thing_n merchant_n affair_n in_o controversy_n ought_v with_o all_o brevity_n to_o be_v determine_v to_o avoid_v interruption_n of_o traffic_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n 3._o staple_n law_n 27._o e._n 3._o that_o the_o mayor_n of_o the_o staple_n be_v authorise_v by_o several_a act_n of_o parleament_n to_o end_v the_o same_o and_o detain_v the_o same_o before_o he_o without_o any_o dismission_n at_o the_o common-law_n which_o show_v the_o necessarinesse_n of_o the_o office_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n before_o mention_v the_o rather_o for_o that_o the_o trial_n of_o a_o action_n of_o account_n at_o the_o common-law_n be_v tedious_a there_o be_v five_o manner_n of_o person_n accountable_a by_o the_o law_n namely_o a_o steward_n or_o bailife_n a_o factor_n or_o servant_n or_o a_o receiver_n upon_o a_o action_n of_o account_n the_o general_a issue_n to_o be_v plead_v thereunto_o be_v ne_o uncque_n receiver_n pour_v account_n rendre_fw-fr law_n the_o trial_n of_o a_o action_n of_o account_n by_o law_n this_o be_v first_o try_v by_o a_o jury_n and_o if_o the_o party_n be_v convict_v and_o find_v accountable_a than_o the_o law_n do_v appoint_v auditor_n to_o take_v the_o account_n by_o a_o commission_n direct_v out_o of_o the_o court_n to_o merchant_n and_o other_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o cause_n whereunto_o two_o attorney_n of_o the_o court_n be_v join_v and_o when_o they_o have_v take_v the_o account_n and_o find_v wherein_o the_o difference_n do_v consist_v than_o they_o be_v to_o certify_v all_o their_o proceed_n into_o the_o court_n and_o the_o accountant_n must_v make_v issuable_a answer_n to_o be_v plead_v whereupon_o eight_o ten_o twelve_o or_o more_o issue_n shall_v be_v make_v and_o then_o a_o second_o jury_n be_v call_v to_o try_v all_o these_o several_a issue_n upon_o peremptory_a point_n and_o so_o upon_o every_o issue_n there_o be_v give_v a_o particular_a verdict_n and_o sometime_o a_o especial_a verdict_n which_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o court_n again_o all_o these_o long_a proceed_n make_v long_a record_n subject_a to_o many_o error_n and_o because_o all_o these_o several_a issue_n be_v try_v by_o one_o jury_n and_o upon_o one_o record_n together_o with_o the_o former_a proceed_n whereby_o the_o other_o jury_n find_v the_o party_n accountable_a if_o in_o any_o or_o in_o the_o whole_a material_a error_n be_v find_v than_o all_o be_v overthrow_v and_o the_o party_n be_v to_o begin_v again_o the_o novo_fw-la and_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o then_o they_o will_v join_v other_o issue_n and_o so_o run_v into_o a_o labyrinth_n so_o that_o matter_n of_o account_n be_v proper_o to_o be_v determine_v of_o the_o chancery_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o therein_o more_o expedition_n be_v use_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o arragon_n which_o concur_v with_o the_o course_n of_o the_o say_a court_n as_o we_o be_v now_o to_o declare_v leave_v all_o other_o case_n triable_a by_o the_o common-law_n according_a to_o their_o proper_a nature_n as_o the_o trial_n of_o a_o action_n real_a which_o be_v do_v with_o solemnity_n and_o the_o like_a to_o abreviate_v thing_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n the_o law_n of_o arragon_n be_v peculiar_a to_o that_o kingdom_n have_v especial_a day_n or_o time_n limit_v to_o every_o particular_a proceed_n of_o the_o process_n whereby_o the_o same_o be_v divide_v into_o ten_o as_o it_o be_v term_n which_o have_v every_o one_o their_o proper_a observation_n which_o the_o complainant_n must_v observe_v and_o prosecute_v according_o with_o expedition_n as_o follow_v 1_o when_o the_o party_n complainant_n call_v the_o defendant_n 2_o when_o they_o do_v appear_v before_o the_o judge_n 3_o the_o defendant_n may_v allege_v certain_a exception_n 4_o due_a answer_n be_v make_v to_o the_o complainants_n bill_n 5_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o party_n and_o their_o proceed_n 6_o witness_n be_v produce_v examine_v and_o publication_n have_v of_o their_o deposition_n 7_o the_o party_n do_v reason_n of_o the_o deposition_n and_o the_o matter_n be_v bring_v to_o hear_v 8_o when_o the_o judge_n give_v sentence_n or_o judgement_n 9_o when_o execution_n be_v have_v upon_o the_o sentence_n or_o the_o party_n appeal_v 10_o when_o the_o cause_n depart_v out_o of_o that_o judge_n power_n before_o a_o high_a authority_n and_o all_o this_o be_v common_o do_v in_o four_o month_n arragon_n observation_n of_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o law_n of_o arragon_n with_o the_o observation_n by_o the_o law_n require_v namely_o the_o consideration_n incident_a which_o be_v worthy_a to_o be_v note_v to_o prevent_v unjust_a deal_n 1_o touch_v the_o first_o time_n the_o judge_n take_v not_o any_o notice_n thereof_o for_o the_o process_n be_v grant_v of_o course_n unless_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o complainant_n have_v be_v the_o slave_n of_o the_o defendant_n or_o the_o son_n do_v commence_v a_o suit_n against_o the_o father_n or_o the_o servant_n against_o his_o master_n wherein_o upon_o good_a consideration_n licence_n must_v be_v have_v of_o the_o judge_n 2_o the_o second_o that_o they_o must_v appear_v before_o the_o judge_n at_o three_o several_a time_n of_o ten_o day_n or_o thirty_o day_n at_o any_o one_o time_n which_o be_v peremptory_a after_o which_o there_o lie_v a_o contempt_n against_o the_o party_n not_o appear_v during_o which_o time_n the_o judge_n do_v proceed_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o action_n and_o the_o maxim_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v compile_v together_o to_o judge_v by_o and_o serve_v he_o for_o his_o direction_n but_o in_o extraordinary_a cause_n his_o conscience_n lead_v he_o 3_o the_o three_o time_n touch_v exception_n be_v not_o only_o between_o party_n and_o party_n but_o also_o against_o the_o judge_n for_o insufficiency_n of_o authority_n give_v he_o if_o the_o cause_n so_o require_v 4_o the_o four_o time_n three_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v upon_o the_o defendant_n answer_v 1_o whether_o he_o deny_v all_o or_o do_v confess_v part_n or_o all_o 2_o whether_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o the_o judge_n judicial_o hear_v the_o cause_n or_o else_o according_a to_o the_o defendant_n answer_v and_o confession_n judge_v he_o to_o pay_v or_o satisfy_v the_o matter_n within_o nine_o day_n 3_o that_o after_o the_o contestation_n of_o the_o suit_n there_o be_v no_o matter_n of_o any_o dilatory_a exception_n allege_v to_o hinder_v the_o proceed_n but_o rather_o peremptory_a exception_n to_o bring_v the_o matter_n to_o a_o definative_a sentence_n 5_o the_o five_o time_n four_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v namely_o 1_o the_o complainant_n must_v swear_v that_o he_o be_v persuade_v that_o he_o demand_v a_o just_a and_o right_a demand_n and_o the_o defendant_n likewise_o that_o he_o defend_v his_o right_n 2_o that_o