their first and more wonted name of Irish The first Onset it received by way of Invasion was by the Saxon Monarchs who made themselves Masters of some places but could not long continue in possession of them The next that in Hostile manner Visited it were the Northern Nations Danes Swedes and Normans who scowring along the Sea-coasts by way of Piracy and afterwards finding the weakness of the Island made an Absolute Conquest of it under the Conduct of one Tungâ—sus but were soon routed out by the Policy of the King of Meath After this the petty Princes enjoyed their former Dominions till the Year 1172 at what time the King of Leinster having forced the Wife of the King of Meath was driven by him out of this Kingdom who applying himself to Henry the Second of England for uccour received Aid under the Leading of Richard de Clare Sirnamed Strongbow Earl of Pembroke by whose good Success and the Kings presence the pâ—tty Kings or great Lords submitted themselves promising to pay him Tribute and acknowledg him their Chief and Sovereign Lord. But as the Conquest was but slight and superficial so the Irish submissions were but weak and fickle Assurances to hold in Obedience so considerable a Kingdom though the Charter was confirmed by Pope Hadrian So that it was not till the latter end of Queen Elizabeth's Reign that the same was wholly subjugated and the Foundation laid of a lasting Peace with Ireland which soon after was very far proceeded in by King James and fully perfected according to all Humane appearance by our Gracious Sovereign King Charles the Second So that now Ireland is a Flourishing Island Civil in its self and a good additional strength to the British Empire Ireland called by the Latins Hibernia by the Greeks Irnia by Pomponius and Sâ—linus called Juverna by Ptolomy Juernia by Orpheus Aristotle Strabâ— Stephanus and Claudianus Jerna by Eustathius Vernia by Diodorus Irim by the Welsh Yverdhon by the Inhabitants Eryn Irlandt Germanis Irlanda Italis Irlande Gallis Is in length 300 and in breadth 130 miles about half as big as England and was Anciently Divided into five Provinces each one a Kingdom in its self viz. 1. Leinster 2. Meath 3. Vlster 4. Connaught And 5. Munster But now the Province of Meath is reckoned for a Member or part of Leinster These four Provinces compose that Kingdom as beautiful and sweet a Country as any under Heaven being stored with many goodly Rivers Replenished with abundance of all sorts of Fish sprinkled with brave Islands and goodly Lakes adorned with goodly Woods full of very good Forts and Havens The Soil most Fertile and the Heavens most mild and temperate but not so clear and subtil as the Air in England and therefore not so favourable for the Ripening of Corn and Fruits as to the Grass for all kind of Cattel And in the Winter more subject to Wind Clouds and Rain than Snow or Frost It is an Island of great strength as well by Nature as Art by reason of its Situation in such dangerous Seas and the several Fortificaons and Castles that the English have built since they were Masters of it It s chief Rivers are the spacious Shannon the rolling Liffie the sandy Slany the pleasant Boyne the Fishy Banne swift Awiduffe or Blackwater sad Trowis wide Mayre now Bantry Bay the Woody Barrow the spreading Lee the Baleful Oure or Shoure Besides these Rivers there are several Lakes of which Lough Erne is the greatest being about 30 miles in length and 15 in breadth and this as all other of its Lakes are well stored with Fish The Irish have had the Character of being Religious by which perhaps some understand Superstitious Amorous Patient of Labour Excellent Horsemen and the meaner sort extreamly Barbarous till Civilized by the Neighbourhood and intermixture of the English yet still the wild Irish retain several of their absurd and ridiculous Customs accounting ease and idleness their greatest liberty and riches The Ecclesiastical Government of Ireland is committed to the care of four Arch-Bishops under whom are 19 Suffragan-Bishops The Temporal Government is now by one Supreme Officer sent over by the King of England who is called the Lord Lieutenant or Lord Deputy of Ireland who for Majesty State and Power is not inferiour to any Vice-Roy in Europe The present Lord Deputy is the Earl of Tyrconnel Their Laws are correspondent with those of England and they have their several Courts of Justice as Chancery Common-Pleas Kings-Bench Exchequer Courts of Parliament and Justices of the Peace in every County The Commodities of this Island are Cattel Hides Tallow Butter Cheese Honey Wax Furs Salt Hemp Linnen Cloth Pipe-staves VVool of which they make Cloth and several Manufactures as Freezes Ruggs Mantles c. Its Seas yield great plenty of C d-fish Herrings Pilchers and other Fish The Bowels of the Earth afford Mines of Lead Tin and Iron The Province of Leinster by the Natives called Leighingh contains the Counties of Kilkenny Caterlough Queens-County Kings-County Kildare East-Meath VVest-Meath VVestford VVicklo and Dublin in which are comprehended 926 Parishes whereof 47 are Towns of Note 102 Castles well Fortified by the English Vlster being the largest Province of all Ireland called by the Irish Cui Guilly is divided into the Counties of 1. Lough 2. Cavan 3. Fermanagh 4. Down 5. Monaghan 6. Armagh 7. Colvane 8. Dunnaâ—l or Tyrcâ—nnel 9. Tir-Oen And 10. Antrim In which are comprehended 214 Parishes whereof 14 are Towns of Note for Commerce and Traffique and 30 Castles for defence of the Country Connaught by the Irish Conaughly is divided into these five Shires or Counties 1. Iâ—trim 2. Roscommon 3. Majo 4. Mego 5. Galloway 6. Thomond or Clare-Country in which are comprehended but eight Towns of any consequence for Commerce and Traffique and a-about 24 Cas les of old Erection besides Fortresses as have been raised in its later Troubles the whole contains 366 Parishes Munster is now distinguished into the Counties of 1. Limâ—rick 2. Kery 3. Cork 4. VVaterford 5. Tipperary And in these Counties are comprehended 24 Towns of Note and Trading 66 Castles of old Erection including in the whole 80 Parishes It s chief places are 1. Dublin a City Rich and Populous as being the Metropolis of all the Island the Seat of the Lord-Deputy an Arch-Bishops See and an University Adorned with many fair Buildings viz. the Castle the Cathedral the Church the Arch-Bishops Palace the Collegiate Church called Christ-Church the Town-Hall the Colledg c. 2. VVaterford the chief City of Munster on the River Shoâ—r a well Traded Port a Bishops See and the second City of the Kingdom endowed with many ample Priviledges Being safe and commodiously seated for the Use of Shipping for though a good distance from the Sea yet Ships of the greatest Burthen may safely Sail to and ride at Anchor before the Key and also for the conveniency of sending Commodities in smaller Vessels to several Towns in
Peerships and divers of new Creation a great number of Principalities Dukedoms Marquisates Earldomes Baronies and other Lordships Eleven Parliaments eight Chambers of Accounts 22 Generalities or Publick places of Receipt of the Kings Revenue There are four Principal Rivers the Seine whose Water is accounted the strongest in the World and more wholesome to drink than Fountain-water The Loire King of the French Rivers the Garonne most Navigable and the Rhone or Rosne most rapid By others thus Characterized the Loire the sweetest the Rhone the swiftest the Garonne the greatest and the Seine the richest The Seine riseth in Burgundy watering Paris and Roan disburdening it self into the English Channel The Sequana of Caesar The Loyre riseth about the Mountains of Avergne being the highest in France watering Nantes and Orleance and augmented with 72 lesser Rivers mingleth its sweet Waters in the Biscain or Gascogne Sea. The Ligeris of Caesar The Rhone or Rhosne springeth up about three miles from the Head of the Rhine watering Lions Avignon c. and taking in 13 lesser Rivers falleth into the Mediterranean Sea near Arles The Rhodanus of Caesar The Garone running from the Pyrenean Hills glideth by the Walls of Bourdeaux and Tholouse and with the addition of 16 other Rivers dilates it self into the Aquitain now Biscain Ocean The Garumna of Caesar The Mountains by Ancient Authors were the Gebâ—nna by Caesar Cammani Ptol. Ital. running along by Languedâ—c Chevennes and Avergne now les Sevennes The Jura Caes Jurassus Ptol. which divideth the French County from Savoy and the Swisses now called by several Names The Vogesus almost Encircling Lorrain and dividing it from Alsatia and Bourgondie now Dauge Mons c. There are several Divisions of France which respect the Church the Nobility the Courts of Justice and the Finances But it suffices here to say that the general state of the Kingdom was held Anno 1614 after the Majesty of Lovis the XIII and that then all the Provinces met under 12 great Governments Four of these Governments lie toward the North upon the Seine and those other Rivers that fall into it viz. Picardy Normandy the Isle of France and Champagne Towards the middle adjoyning to the Loire Bretagne Orlenoise Bourgogne Liâ—nnoise The other four toward the South near the Garonne viz. Guienne Languedoc Dauphine and Provence Under the Orlenoise is comprehended Maine Perche and Beauce On this side of the Loire Nivernois Tâ—uraine and Anjâ—u above the said River beyond it Poiciou Angoumois and Bâ—rry Burgundy hath Brest Under Lionnois are comprehended Lionnois Auvergne Bourbonnois and Marche Under Guienne is Bearne Gascogne and Guienne it self Saintonge Perigort Limâ—sin Querci and Rovergue Under Languedâ—c is Cevennes In each of these Governments are several great Cities the chief of which I shall speak of in Order viz. In Picardy the Storehouse of Paris for Corn is 1. Calais called by Caesar Portus Tecius Portus Britannicus Morinerum Plin. Prom. Icium Ptol. held by the English near 200 Years being taken by Edward the III. after eleven Months Siege in Anno 1347. and unfortunately lost by Queen Mary 1557. seated opposite to Dover in England from which it is distant about ten Leagues A strong Town of great Importance and accounted the Key of France Not far from Calais at a place called Agincourt was the Flower of the French Nobility taken and slain by King Henry the Fifth of England viz. 5 Dukes 8 Earls 25 Lords 8000 Knights and Gentlemen and 15000 common Soldiers 2. Bulloign Cesoriacum Navale Ptol. Portus Morinorum Plin. Civit. Bononensium Ant. Portus Gessoriacus of Caesar a strong Frontier-Town taken by Henry the VIII of England 1544. at which time the Emperor Maximilian bore Arms under the English Cross 3. Amiens Samarobrina Caes Samarobriga Ptol. Civit. Ambianensis Ant. a Walled Town seated upon the Seine well Fortified with an Impregnable Cittadel built by Henry the IV. But most Famous for its Cathedral so beautified within and adorned without that 't is the fairest and most lovely Structure in the West of Europe 4. St. Quintin Augusta Romanduorum Ptol. Civit. Veromannorum Ant. Quinctinopolis Fanum St. Quinctine in Scriptis Gall. two Leagues from Augusta Veromanduorum now Vermand Baud. Crecie the French Cannae famous for their great Overthrow and the Victory of the English in the Reign of Philip the Sixth A strong Frontier-Town Memorable for the Battel there Anno 1557. where King Philip the II. of Spain with the English under the Command of the Earl of Pembroke overthrew the whole Forces of the French. Laon a Bishops Sea whose Bishop is one of the Twelve Peers of France Laudunum Ant. Soissons Augustata Vessonum Ptol. a Bishops See the last place the Romans held in Gaul driven out by Clovis the Fifth 5. Guise of most Note for the Dukes of Guise a Family that in a little time produced two Cardinals and six Dukes besides many Daughters married into the best Houses of France In Normandy formerly Neustria are 1. Rouen or Roan Rothamagus Ptol. Rotomagentium Ant. seated on the Banks of the River Seine over which there is a Famous Bridge of Boats. Taken by Henry the Fifth after six Months Siege where were famished 50000 and 12000 Starvelings turned out of the Town An Arch-Bishops See and Parliament In the Chief Church called Nostre-Dame is the Sepulchre of John Duke of Bedford It is a place of as great a Trade as any in France and one of the Principal Cities where Exchanges are used 2. Dieppe a City of some Trade being a common Landing-place for the English in their Passage into France And is famous for its fidelity and allegiance to Henry the Fourth when the Guisian Faction in derision called him King of Dieppe 3. Falaise once a strong Town Memorable for the Story of Arlet the Skinners Daughters of whom Duke Robert begat William the Conqueror in spight to whom and disgrace to his Mother the English call Whores Harlots Here also was the Roy d' Juidot and Verneil when besieged by Philip the Second of France King Richard the First of England to keep his promise broke through the Palace of Westminster and raised the Siege Haure de Grace Newhaven by the English in Latin Franciscopolis a Cautionary Town to Queen Elizabeth Portus Gratiae of old Auranches Ingena Ptol. Civit. Abrincantum Ant. Constances Constantia Ant. Cherbourg Caesaris Burgum a strong Sea-coast Town Bayeux Cit. Bajocassium Ant. Caen Cadomum graced with a University founded by King Henry the Fifth King of England and the Abbey with the Tombs of William the Conqueror and Maud his Wife Lyseux Cit. Lexoviorum Ant. Eureux Mediolanum Ptol. c. The third Government is the Isle of France whose City is Paris formerly Lutetia because seated in a Clayie Soil A City that for its Riches Power and Number of Inhabitants may contend with any in Europe Seated on the Seine and on a Soil so fertile that no City knows such Plenty 't
be Rich. A New Map of VIRGINIA By Rob t Morden NO sooner had Colonus alias Columbus made his prime discovery of the Western World when seconded by John Cabot a Venetian the Father of Sebastian Cabot in behalf by the incouragement and at the charges of Henry the Seventh King of England who in the year 1497 discovered all this Coast from the Cape of Florida in the South beyond New-found-land in the North as far as to the Latitude of 67 and half Causing the Sachims or petit-Petit-Kings to turn Homagers to the King and Crown of England This discovery by the two Cabots Father and Son did first intitle he Crown of England to the right of that vast Tract of Land. This design was after seconded by Mr. Hare bringing thence certain of the said petit-Petit-Kings who did homage to King Henry the Eight Rediscovered by the Direction and at the charge of Sir Walter Rawleigh Anno 1584 who sending Mr. Philip Amadas and Mr. Arthur Barlow did take possession thereof in Queen Elizabeths name in honor of whom he caused all the said Tract of Land to be called Virginia Some say it was so called by the Queen her self by the Natives called Apalchen but Virginia is now circumscribed by that space of Land that lies between Mary-land which bounds it on the North and Carolina on the South New-England New-York New-Jersey Mary-land Carolina and Pensilvania have since been separated from it by particular Patents and made distinct Provinces of themselves The entrance by Sea into this Country is by the Mouth of the Bay of Chesapeac between Cape Henry and Cape Charles The chief Rivers of Virginia are 1. Powhatan now called James River on the West side of the mouth of the Bay of Chesapeac this River is at its entrance about three Miles wide and Navigable about one hundred and fifty Miles 2. Pamaunkee termed York River fourteen Miles Northward from James River Navigable now sixty or seventy Miles but with small Vessels about thirty or forty Miles farther 3. Rappahanoc antiently known by the name of Toppahanoc Navigable about one hundred and thirty Miles Besides these Navigable and more principal Rivers there are other smaller Rivers and of less note which fall into some or other of the forementioned Into Powhattan falls Apumatuc Southward Eastward Quyonycahanuc Nunsamund and Chesopeac Northward Chickâ—mabania Into Pamuunkee fall Poyankatank That part of the Country now planted by the English is divided into Nineteen Counties viz. On the Eastern Shore the Country of Northampton in Acomack on the Western Shore the Counties of Caratuck Lower-Norfolk Nansemund Isle of Wight Surry Warwick Henrico James Charles York New-Kent Glocester Middlesex Lancaster Northumberland Westmoreland Rappahanock and Hartford Of the few Towns hitherto erected in this Colony the chief is James Town the principal seat of the English and so denominated from and in honor of King James of Great Britain This Town is situated in a Peninsula on the North-side of James-River and hath in it many fair Houses whereof some are of Brick and at a little distant from the City is a fair Brick House called Green-Spring whe e the present Governor himself usually resides The other English Towns of most considerable note are only three viz. Henricopolis or Henry's Town situated about eighty Miles from James's City farther within Land Dales Gift so named from Sir Thomas Dale Deputy-Governor in the year 1610 at whose charges it was built and planted and Elizabeth's City containing several good Houses of Brick and Stone and lying on the same side of the River with James's City only nearer the mouth of the River Though English and other Foreign Coyns are not wholly wanting here upon several occasions yet the usual way of Traffick is by exchange of one Commodity for another but the general Standard by which all other Commodities receive their value is Tobacco which of all other Commodities this Country is capable of producing hath been hitherto the Subject of the Planters Industry of which there are two sorts one called Sweet-Scented the other called Oranoac which signifies as much as bright and large the first is of the greatest price the other more in quantity The Plantations that are judg'd to produce the best sort of Sweet-Scented are upon York River Of this Commodity of Tobacco there is so great a quantity planted in Virginia and imported from thence into England that the Custom and Excise paid for it in England yields the King about 50000 or 60000 Pound Sterling yearly for there are bound hither every year above one hundred and fifty Sail of Ships from England and other English Plantations merely for the taking off of this Commodity which they barter for Clothing Houshold-Stuff and all manner of Utensils and the only thing which lessens the value of it is the great quantity that is planted of it which if it were in less abundance it would be of much more esteem and yield far greater profit The Government of Virginia is by a Governor and Council deputed and authorized from time to time by the King of Great Britain the Legislative Power being in the Governor and a General Assembly which he calls to advise with and which consists of two Houses the upper House which is the Council it self and the lower which consists of chosen Bugâ—sses The chief Court of Judicature where all Civil and Criminal Causes are heard and determined and where the Governor and Council are Judges is called the Quarter-Court as being held every quarter of a year There are also Inferior Courts which are kept every Month in each of the forementioned Counties where matters not of the highest moment that is to say not relating to Life or Member or exceeding a certain limited value are tried and from whence in such Cases Appeals are made to the Quarter Courts There are likewise appointed by the Governor for the better administration of Justice in every respective Country Sheriffs Justices of Peace and other Officers of whom being deputed by the Governor to sit there these Country-Courts chiefly consist The Climate of Virginia is generally healthful and since the rectification of Diet and Lodging not disagreeable to English Bodies however at the first Plantation they were subject to a Distemper called a Seasoning though of late not frequent and much less mortal A Description of Mary-Land MAry-Land is a large and fertile Province lying between thirty eight Degrees and forty Degrees of North Latitude upon both sides of Cheasa-peak-Bay which is Navigable near two hundred Miles The Southerly Banks of the River Patow-meck divide it from Virginia on the South The Atlantick Ocean and Delaware Bay bounds it on the East Pensilvania on the North and the Meridian of the first Fountain of the River Patow-meck on the West This Province of Mary-Land his Majesty King Charles the First Anno 1632 granted by Patent to the Right Honourable Caecilius Calvert Lord Baltemore and to his Heirs and Assigns and by that Patent created him and
Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire 581 336 London Essex Middlesex and part of Hartfordshire 623 189 Durham Durham Northumberland and the Isle of Man. 135 87 Winchester Hampshire Surry Isle of Wight Gernsey and Jersey and Alderny 362 131 Bath and Wells Somersetshire 385 160 Oxford Oxfordshire 195 88 Bangor Carnarvanshire Anglesey Merionethshire and part of Denbighshire 107 36 Rochester Part of Kent 98 36 Ely Cambridgshire and part of Ely. 141 75 Chichester Sussex and part of Hartfordshire 250 112 Salisbury Wiltshire and Barkshire 248 109 Worcester Worcestershire part of Warwickshire 241 76 Lincoln Lincoln Leicester Bedford Huntington Buckingham and part of Hartfordshire 1255 577 St. Asaph Part of Flintshire and part of Denbighshire 121 19 St. Davids Pembrokeshire and Carmarthenshire 308 120 Peterborough Northampton and Rutlandshire 293 19 Landaff Glamorganshire Monmouth Brecknock and part of Radnorshire 177 98 Carlile Cumberland and part of Westmerland 93 18 Exeter Devonshire and Cornwall 604 239 Chester Cheshire part of Yorkshire Lancashire part of Flint and part of Cumberland 256 101 Bristol Dorsetshire 236 64 Norwich Norfolk and Suffolk 1121 385 Glocester Glocestershire 267 125 Hereford Herefordshire Shropshire part of Worcestershire and part of Radnorshire 313 166 Lichfield Staffordshire Darbyshire part of Warwickshire part of Shropshire 557 250 The second Division was by King Henry the Second into six Circuits appointed to the Itinerary Judges who are twice in a year in the chief Town of each County in their respective Circuit to determine Causes and administer Justice for the Ease of the People The third is the Military Division for the Raising of Horse and Foot for the Kings Service It is also divided by the Kings Justices in Eyre of the Forest and by the King of Arms into North and South of Trent The last Division is that of Shires or Counties first ordained by King Alford which are subdivided into Hundreds or Wapentakes and those again into Tythings He also appointed a Vice-compt or Sheriff whose Office was to look after the Peace and Welfare of the Shire To Execute the Kings Writs and Precepts and perform several other duties necessary for the Execution of Justice and Welfare of the People And these Sheriffs are generally chosen out of the chiefest of the Gentry King Edward the Third ordained in every Shire certain Civil Magistrates intituled Justices of the Peace whose Duties are to look after the Disorders that arise in the Shire or Hundred in which they reside and to punish Offenders There are in all England 25 Cities 680 Great Towns called Market-Towns 9725 Parishes and in many of which are contained several Hamlets or Villages as big as ordinary Parishes England is blest with a sweet and temperate Air the Cold in Winter being less Sharp than in some parts of France and Italy which yet are seated far more Southernly And the Heat in Summer is less scorching than in some Parts of the Continent that lie much more Northward For as in Summer the Gentle Winds and Frequent Showres qualifie all violent Heats and Droughts so in Winter the Frosts do only meliorate the Cultivated Soil and the Snow keeps warm the tender Plants The whole Country is exceeding Fertile abounding with all sorts of Grain Rich in Pasture containing innumerable quantities of Cattel yielding great plenty of all sorts of Fowl Wild and Tame Its Seas and Rivers infinitely stored with all variety of excellent Fish In its Bowels are found Rich Mines of Lead Tinn Iron Copper and Coal as useful as advantageous to the Nation Nor doth it want Mines of Silver though rare and but in small quantities It hath excellent H t Baths and divers Medicinal Springs It is bravely furnished with Variety of pleasant Orchards and Gardens luxuriant with all sorts of excellent Fruits Plants and Flowers The English are Governed by several Laws viz. Common Law Statute Law Civil Law Canon Law and Martial Law besides particular Customs and By-Laws The Common Law of England is a Collection of the General Common Custom and Usages of the Kingdom which have by length of time and immemorial Prescription obtained the Force of Laws for Customs bind not the people till they have been tried and approved time out of mind These Laws were first reduced all into one body by King Edward the Elder about the year 900 revived by King Edward the Confessor William the Conqueror added some of the Customs of Normandy since which Edward the First did settle divers fundamental Laws ever since practised in this Nation Where the Common Law is silent there we have excellent Statute-Laws made by the several Kings of England by and with the advice and Consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons of England by their Representatives the Knights Citizens and Burgesses duly Elected in Parliament Where Common and Statute-Law take no Cognizance As in matters transacted beyond the Seas and relating to the Admiralty c. Use is made of the Civil Law which ought to be the Product of the Common Reason and Wisdom of all Mankind and fitted for the Interest and Welfare not only of one Nation but taking Care for the general Affairs of all people The Canon-Law is the many ancient General Councils of National and Provincial Synods the divers Decrees and Judgments of the Ancient Fathers c. received by the Church of England by which she proceeds in her Jurisdiction as chiefly for the Reforming of the inward man and matters accounted of a spiritual Nature as Cases Matrimonial Testamentary Scandals Offences against good Manners c. Forest-Laws are for regulating offences committed in or relating unto some Forest or Chase for preservation of the Game c. Martial Law extends only to Soldiers and Mariners and is not to be practised in times of Peace but only in War and then and there where the Kings Army is afoot The Doctrine of the Church of England is Apostolical contained either in Express words of the Holy Scripture or in the 39 Articles and the Book of Homilies in all things agreeable thereunto the Worship and Discipline is in the Liturgy and Book of Canons By all which it will appear to impartial Eyes that the Church of England is the most exact and perfect Pattern of all the Reformed Churches in the World. Let Italy glory in this that she is the Garden of the Earth it may truly be said of England that it is the Court and Presence-Chamber of the Great Jehovah which should engage us the more by Holy Lives to walk suitable to such Mercies and not to forfeit those inestimable Priviledges by our crying sins for how can we expect that God should always continue so Gracious to us if we continually turn his Grace into Wantonness England is a Free Hereditary Paternal Monarchy Governed by one Supream Independent and Undeposeable Head according to the known Laws and Customs of the Kingdom A Monarchy that without Interruption hath been continued 1000 years in a word a Government of a perfect and
is Dignified with the Ordinary Residence of the King its Chief Ornaments are the Palace of the Louvre so much fam'd abroad The Palaces of the Nobility viz. That of Luxemburg its Palace Royal its Church of Nostredame its University containing five Colleges the Halls of Justice the Courts of Parliament The English held it for 16 years and there Crowned King Henry the Fifth King of France In this Province about three miles from Paris is seated St. Dennis famous for the Sepulchres of the French Kings The Beautiful House of Fountain-Belle-eau esteemed one of the fairest Palaces in Europe As also the Royal Mansion of St. German seated on the Ascent of a Hill seven miles from Paris down the Water And Bois de Vincennes in which Henry the Fifth ended his days Senlis is the chief City of the Dukedom of Valois which gave name to the French Kings of the Second Branch of the Capets which begun in Philip Valois Ann. 1328. in his Reign was fought the Battel of Crecie Anno 1343. where was slain John King of Bohemia 11 Princes 80 Barons 120 Knights and 30000 common Soldiers In Champaigne the chief City is Rheimes Famous for being the place where the French Kings are commonly Crowned and Anointed Therein also is Langres Andomatanum of Ptol. the Seat of the Twelve Peers of France Trois the meeting-place of Charles the Sixth and Henry the 5th Kings of France and England where the Victorious King was espoused to Katherine Daughter to King Charles aforesaid Bretaigne or Britany of old Armorica so called from the Britains who flew thither in the time of the Saxons Tyranny over them in England Formerly the Titles of the Earls of Richmond It s Sea-Port Towns are Brest Vendana Portus seated upon a spacious Bay the Key the Bulwark and best Harbour in France St. Maloes Aletha Maclovium built on a Rock a strong fair and populous City yet often spoiled and damaged by the English Inland Towns are Nants Condivincum Ptol. Cit. Namnetum Ant. seated on the Banks of the Loyre and Rennes Condate of Ptol. Cit. Rodanum Ant. the Parliament-City for this County Vannes Dariorigum Ptol. Cit. Venetum Ant. Situate on a capacious Bay the chief Town of the Old Veneti Quimper Corentin Corisopitum Ant. Orleance as it comprehends Maine Perch Beauce Nivernois Touraine Anjou the Title of Henry the Second King of England and Earl of Anjou now the Title of the third Son of France Poictou Angonnois and Berry hath these chief Cities 1. Orleance of Old Gennabum of Caes Strab. Cenabum Ptol. Aurelia It s pleasant Situation on the Loire makes it very beautiful and delightful Once the Seat Royal of its own Kings now the Title of the Second Son of France It long felt the force of an English Siege where died Great Montacute Earl of Salisbury On the chief Bridg of this City is the Statue of Joan the Pucelle de dieu or Maid so assistant to the French in Repelling the English and raising the Siege of Orleance May the 12th 1429. Burnt alive by the English Anno 1431. after which time the Affairs of the English grew worse and worse for in Anno 1435. Charles the Burgundian fell off and in 1453. Talbot a man of great Valour and Conduct was slain and nothing was left to the English but Calice of all that the English had got in two and forty years 2. Mans Cit. Cenomannorum by Antonius by Ptol. Vidinum Vendosme which gave Name to Antonio Father to Henry the Fourth 3. Chartes Carnutum Ant. Ptol. Autricum seated on the Loire a fair and pleasant City Dignified with a University for the Study of the Civil Law. 4. Nevers Noviodunum Caesar Nivernum al. Nivernium Ant. upon the Loire Dignified with an Ancient Dukedom 5. Tours Caesarodunum Ptol. Turonum Ant. where the Protestants are said first to have begun in France and were called Hugonots Nigh to this place it was that Charles Martel Father of King Pepin in Anno 732. discomfited an Army of about 400000 Saracens of which were slain near 370000. Blois pleasantly seated and in a good Air where the Duke of Guise the first mover of the Civil Wars and contriver of the Massacre at Paris was slain by the command of Henry the Third 6. Angiers by Ptolomy called Juliusmagus Andeglaevum Ant. of a large Circuit well built seated in a good Air and made a University Beaufort belonging to the Duke of Lancaster nigh which Town was the Duke of Clarence Brother to Henry the Fifth slain 7. Poictiers by Ptolomy Augustoritum Pictavium Ant. a University Famous for the Study of the Civil Law and for greatness said to be next to Paris In the Vine-fields two Leagues from the City was fought that memorable Battel between John of France and Edward the Son of King Edward the III. Sirnamed the Black Prince who with 8000 men overcame the French Army of 40000 whereof 10000 were slain besides Nobles Prisoners taken were King John and his Son Philip 70 Earls 50 Barons and about 12000 Gentlemen 8. Rochel seated on the Acquitane Ocean a place of great Trade and of greater strength before it was dismantled 1627. witness its many Sieges Anno 1570. by Jarvil Anno 1573. by Byron with an Army of 50000. men and 60 Pieces of Artillery 1575. and 76. it was attempted by Landâ—riau in 1577. by Lansac In the troubles of 1585. and 88. it was the Retreat of the King of Navarre and Prince of Conde Her Commodities Rochel-Wine Salt and Brandy Rupella Ant. Mortus Santorum Ptol. 9. Angoulesme Enculisma al. Cit. Etolinensium Ant. 10. Bourges a Town of great strength by Nature and well Fortified by Art Situate in a low Flat amongst deep impassible Bogs and Marshes 'T is an Arch-Bishoprick and one of the best Universities in France called Avaricum in Caesar's time of old Bituricum Ant. Varicum Ptol. Sancerre a strong Town memorable for a desperate and long Siege in the Reign of Charles the Ninth In the Province of Bourgondy once a Kingdom is first Dijon Divionum built by the Emperor Aurelian proud in her Parliament and for giving Birth to St. Bernard seated upon the Soasne Next are Auxerre Antissiodorum Ant. Chalon Cabullinum Strab. Caballinum Ptol. Cavillonium Caesar Castrum Gaballionense Ant. Mascon Castrum Matisconense Ant. seated upon the Soasne the best Hold of King Charles the Seventh in his hard Wars against the English Alize now a small Village formerly Alexia the chief Fortress of Vercingeterix who had 70000 Men in the Town when Besieged by Caesar and an Army of 300000 Gauls at the back of Caesar to relieve their fellows notwithstanding all which the Town was yielded to Caesar and Vercingeterix sate at his feet and became his Prisoner Philip the third Grandchild to Philip the Hardy united to this Dutchy almost all the Belgick Provinces but Charles his Son in the War against Lewis the Eleventh lost his Men Money and Life at the Battels of Granson Morat and Nancy 1476. afterwards this
in the year 1486 was by them rejected who therefore sent his Brother to King Henry the Seventh of England which Messenger whether being taken Prisoner by Pyrates and detained along while or deferred at Court after his Address we find not certainly related but true it is that in the mean time Christopher Columbus conceiving the offer of his service neglected apply'd himself to the Court of Spain where after six years attendance he was at last furnished with three Ships only for discovery with which he sailed upon the Ocean more than sixty days and could see no Land so that the Spaniards began to mutiny and Columbus was forced to promise to return again if they could not see Land in three days time when toward the end of the third day one of 〈◊〉 pany descried Fire The place discovered was an Island on the Coast of Florida by the Natives called Gunahani now Salvador where landing his Men he took possession of this New World for Ferdinando King of Arragon and Isabella his Wife Queen of Castile October 11 1402. After whom John Cabâ—â— a Venetian in behalf of King Henry the Seventh of England in the year 1497 discovered all the North East Coast thereof from Cape Florida to the South beyond Newfoundland in the North causing the Royalers to turn Homagers to that King and to the Crown of England Next after him succeeded Americus Vespusius a Florâ—ntine employed by Emanuel the King of Portugal Anno 1501. upon a design of finding out a nearer way to the Moluccos than by the Cape of good Hope who though he passed no further than the Cape of Augustine on the Coast of Brasil yet from him this Country is called America As for this vast Tract of Ground in general it has the advantage of being temperate and fruitful by reason of its great and fair Rivers and the fresh Breezes that blow in the Torrid Zâ—â—e whereby we find that the cause of violent or remiss heats does not always proceed from the nearness or distance of the Sun but many times from the Situation of the place the disposal of the Mountains or Lakes the Quality of the Soil and the Nature of the Winds that blow The wealth of America is so vast that Spain has drawn and still draws from thence prodigious quantities of Gold and Silver and the Mines of Potasi have furnished him with many Millions There are no Treasures comparable to those related to be found in possession of Attabalippa and Guimacapa Kings of Peru and to the precious Houshold-stuff of the City of Cusco It was no extraordinary thing in the Reigns oâ— those Kings to behold Temples all plated with Silver and to see Houses covered with slates of Gold. The Spaniards affirm that their Kings Revenue amounts to above twelve Millions yearly by means of the Impositions which he lays upon goods transported thence as Gold Silver Pearls Emraulds Skins Sugar Tobacco Cochenille Sarsa-parilla Ginger and other things The first expence upon the discovery of America came but to fifteen thousand Ducats which were advanced to Columbus by the Spanish Secretary of State and not taken out of the Treasuries of the King. As for the Original of this People it is most probable that they did descend from the Tartars if so be that the West side of America be continent with Asia or disjoyned but by a very small strait as 't is described in some Maps But from whatsoever Root they did first come certain it is that they had setled here many Ages since and overspread all the parts and quarters of this large Continent But their numbers are much wasted since the Spaniards discovery for some Authors affirm that they put to death above fifteen Millions of Natives in less than fifty years and that the blood of those that perished in the Mines where they were forced to labour weighed more than all the Gold and Silver drawn from thence At the first Arrival of the Spaniards they found the People naked reasonably fair and clear little inclining unto that blackness which is natural to most of the Africans and to some of the Asiaticks that inhabit under the same Clime Ignorant they were of all things they had not seen wondering exceedingly at the Spaniards Ships and Horses and strangely admired to see them know the Health and Affairs of one another by reading a Letter yet 't is reported the Mexicans had some knowledge of the Deluge that they believed the Soul could not die and the Body should revive that those that lived honestly and justly or offered up their Lives for defence of their Country should find a place of everlasting peace and happiness So natural is the knowledge of the Souls Immortality and of some Vbi for the future reception of it They have as many Languages as Towns which may be the reason we have so little knowledge of their Original They are naturally active swift Runners and good Swimmers The Mexicans and Pernans were the only Americans that lived in Cities which Cities though founded by People which we call Savages were no way inferior to ours in Europe either for bigness or Magnificence The Spaniards possess the largest the richest and the most fertile Provinces among the rest Mexico and Peru formerly two famous Kingdoms the first Elective the other Hereditary and claim it all as their right by virtue of the donation of Pope Alexander the Sixth in the year 1493. But the other Nations would not give their consent The Portugueses have the Coast of Brasil The French have their Colonies in Canada in several Islands and upon the firm Land. The English are fairly seated all along the Coast of North America and in the Islands And of late the Dutch have gotten many places on the Continent and on the Islands For so rich a Prize could not be kept by the Spaniards who hoped indeed to have had a Monopoly of so wealthy a Country and to have enjoyed without a Rival the possession of so fair a Mistress The Seas that compass this Continent are on the East that commonly called the North Sea or Mar del Nort on the West the South Sea or Mar del Zur and on that part which hides its self under the Pole of the Erymanthean Bear to the South of the Straits of Magellan the North and South Seas meet and embrace together dividing it as is supposed from either Pole. Divided it is into two great parts or Peninsula's by the Isthmus of Panama viz. Mexicana on the North and Peruana on the South Of Peruviana or South America THIS Part of the two great Peninsula's into which the vast Continent of the New World doth now stand divided extends it self from about the twelfth Degree of the Equator North unto the four and fiftieth Southerly and is now by Geograghers divided into these Kingdoms or Parts viz. Castella del Or by some called Terra Firma Guiana The Amazons Peru Chili Brasil Peraguay or La Plata and Terra Magellanica It s
Electorates Mayence Treves Cologn Bohemia Bavaria Saxony Brandenburgh and the Palatinate of the Rhine 5. One Arch-Duke the Duke of Austria 6. Two Great Dukes of Moscovy and Toscany The Prince of the first assumes the Title of Emperor and indeed it is a Dukedom on which depends thirty other Dutchies and three Kingdoms This Duke is absolute over his Subjects and is called by the general Name of Gran Czar 7. Six Sovereign Dukedoms besides those that are under the Empire Savoy Lorrain Mantua Modena Parma and Curland 8. Four Principalities that depend upon the Turks Transilvania Walachia Moldavia and the lesser Tartary 9. Seven Commonwealths the Seven Vnited Provinces Switzerland Venice Genoa Geneva Luca and Ragusa To which some add the Commonwealth of Marine in Italy Lastly A great number of Principalities and Imperial Free Towns enjoying a Soveraignty in their Territories but yet they acknowledg a Superior Power The Ecclesiastical Government of Europe in general is either Papal owning the Pope as Supream or Episcopal owning the King as Supream in all Cases and Archbishops and Bishops under him Or Superintendant which is a kind of Episcopal among the Lutherans but yet owning no Head of the Church on Earth neither Pope nor King nor Civil Magistrate There is also the Presbyterian or Synodical owning a Presbytery a Synod or Lay-Elders c. as Supream but no Bishops or Superintendants There are four Principal Languages reckon'd to be spoken in this Part of the World Tutonick Latin Greek and Sclavonian The Tutonick is of three sorts High Dutch in Germany Saxon in England and Scotland Danish in Denmark Sweden Norway and Ireland The Latin is corrupted into Italian French and Spanish The Greek had formerly four Dialects the Attick Ionick Dorick and Aeolick The Sclavonian Language runs through all Sclavonia Bohemia Poland and Moscovy and all the Turkish Empire in Europe There are also seven other Languages of less Note which are used in Europe The Albanian or Epirotick in Epirus and Macedonia The Cosack or Tartarian in part of Poland and Tartary The Hungarian or Bulgarian in Servia Bosnia Bulgaria and Hungary c. the Finick in Finmark and Lapland Irish in Ireland and Scotland The British is spoken in Wales Cornwal and in Britany in France Biscayn is spoken only in Biscany neer to the Cantabrian Ocean or Bay of Biscay ENGLAND SCOTLAND IRELAND by Robt. Morden Of the British Isles UNDER this Title are Comprehended several distinct and famous Islands the whole Dominion whereof now United is under the Command of the King of Great Britain c. Bounded on the North and West with the Hyperborean and Ducalidonean Ocean on the South divided from France with the English Channel on the East separated from Denmark and Belgia with the British by some call'd the German Ocean But on all sides environed with Turbulent Seas guarded with Dangerous Rocks and Sands defended with strong Forts and walled with a Potent and Royal Navy Of these Islands one is very large formerly called Albion now Great Britain comprehending two Kingdoms England and Scotland The other of lesser extent makes one Kingdom called Ireland The other smaller adjacent Isles are comprehended under one or other of these three Kingdoms according to the Situation and Congruity with them Many are the Changes and Alterations that these Islands have received in their Governments since their Original discovery they were first possessed by divers People independent one upon the other supposed to be the Britains descended from the Gauls for at the Entrance of the Romans the Island of Great Britain was divided into several Nations each Governed by its own King and particular Princes different in their Ends and Counsels and so the more easily subdued by the United Roman Force After the Romans the English Saxons were called in by the Britains to aid them against the Picts The Inhabitants of Scotland who after the common manner of forreign Auxiliaries soon seized the better Part for themselves and established Seven Kingdoms commonly called the Saxon Heptarchy Forcing the Britains the Ancient Proprietors to retire some into Britain in France from whence some think they first came but most of them into the Western and Mountainous Part called by the Saxons Walish Land now Wales where their Posterity still remains The State of England in the time of Ptolomy living in the Reign of the Emperor Antoninus Pius about the year of Rome 892 and about 95 years since the Conquest thereof by the Emperour Claudius Caesar Also a Table of the Saxon Heptarchy Ancient Inhabitants Counties Names Ancient Names of the Towns. The present Names Saxon Heptarchy The Cantii of Kent Durovernum Rutupiae or Ritupis Canterbury Richborough vulgo Rochester Kingdom of Kent The Rhegni or Rhegini of Surry Sussex Naeomagus or Noviomagus Vindonis Woodcot-Hill near Wimbleton Wilchelsey Kingdom of the South Saxons The Iceni or Simeni of Norfolk Suffolk Cambridgshire and Huntingtonshire Venta Icenorum Villa Faustini Caster St. Edmondsbury Kingdom of the East Angles The Trinobantes or Trinoantes Middlesex Essex Hartfordshire Part Londinium Camudolanum or Camulodunum or Camalodunum London Maldon in Essex Kingdom of the East Saxons The Brigantes The Otalini or Otadenii York shire Cumberland Lancashire Durham Westmerland Northumberland Isurium Eboracum Olicana Camulodunum Epiacum Rhigodunum Vinovium Caturactonium Calatum Curia Bremenium Aldburrow York Inkley Almondbury Papcastle Riblechester Binchester Catarick in Richm. Wheallep Castle Corbridg Rochester The Kingdom of the Northumbers which was divided into two Kingdoms viz. Deira and Bernicia Catvellani or Catyeuchlani Coritani or Coritavi Dobuni or Dodunni Cornavii Part of the Silures Bedfordshire Buckinghamshire Part of Hartfordshire Lincolnshire Leicestershire Rutlandshire Northamptonshire Nottinghamshire Darbyshire Glocestershire Oxfordshire Cheshire Shropshire Staffordshire Worcestershire Warwickshire Herefordshire Salenae Lactodurum Verolamium Lindum Ragae or Ratis Bennaventa Corinium Deva or Devana Viroconium Brannogenium Manduessedum Ariconium Sanday Stonystratford Verulam Lincoln Leicester Wedon Cirenchester Westchester Wroxcester Worcester Manchester Kenchester The Kingdom of Mercia Dummonii Belgae Durotriges Atrebati Cornwall Devonshire Somersetshire Wiltshire Hantshire Dorsetshire Barkshire Uxela or Uzela Voliba Isca Augusta Aquae Calidae Venta Belgarum Dunium or Durnovaria Nalcaea or Caleva Lystwithiel Falmouth Exceter Bath Winchester Dorchester Wallingford The kingdom of the West Saxons After this the Danes broke in like a Violent flood upon the Northumbers and though often vanquished yet being as often victorious they at last seized on the Monarchy of England which was sometimes held by the Danes sometimes by the Saxons till William Duke of Normandy took it from Harold and established the Monarchy which hath ever since continued in a Succession of Seven and twenty Princes down to our Present Gracious Soveraign King James the Second Of ENGLAND ENGLAND by Roâ—â— Morden A Table containing the Counties or Shires their Titles Cities and Towns their Latitude computed distance and Measured distance from London The number of Market-Towns of Parliament-men of Parishes in each County and their ancient Name
happy composition wherein the King hath his full Prerogative the Nobility and Gentry Civil and due Respect and the People in general Masters of the Estates they can get by their Labours and Endeavours a Blessing that few Countries can boast of O happy and blessed England Thy Valleys are like Eden Thy Hills like Lebanon Thy Springs as Shiloe and thy Rivers as Jordan a Paradise of Pleasure and the Garden of God enriched with all the Blessings of Heaven and Earth Her chief Cities are London Londicium of Ptolomy Ant. Tac. Lunden Ger. Londra Iâ—â— Londres Gal. the Epitome of England the Seat of our British Empire the Chamber of the King and the chiefest Emporium or seat of Traffick in the World To describe all things in this City worthy to be known would take up a whole Volume I shall only say seated she is in an Excellent Air in a Fertile Soil and on the famous Navigable River Thomas about 60 miles from the Sea in 51 degr 30 min. North Latitude In Length from East to West seven English miles and a half and from North to South two miles and a half But of late years so increased and still multiplying in Building in all her parts that there can no Bounds or Limits be set to her Circumference The Buildings fair and stately for large Piazza's for spacious strait Streets and stately Uniform Building she has not any Rival in Europe It had 130 Parish-Churches besides Chappels the Mother-Church is that of St. Paul the only Cathedral of that Name in Europe It was a Structure for length 690 foot in breadth 130 in height 102 foot and contained about three Acres and a half of Ground Built in the form of a perfect Cross in the midst whereof was raised a Tower of stone 260 foot high and on that a Spire of Timber covered with Lead 260 foot more This stately Monument of England and Glory of the City of London was Ruined by the late Dreadful Conflagration in 1666. Yet since our late Gracious Soveraign Charles the Second like another Solomon laid a New Foundation of such a Fabrick as for Magnificence Splendor Figure and Excellent Architecture the World never saw the like The Model whereof was Designed by that Incomparable Architect Sir Christopher Wren And here I cannot but give a short Account of the vast Damage and Spoil done by th forementioned Fire It hath been computed that there were â—rnt wi hin the Walls of the City 12000 Houses and without 1000 Valued at three Millions and nine hundred thousand pounds Ster ing Besides 87 P risâ—-Churches the aforementioned Cathedral the Royal Exchange the Magni icent Guild-Hal the Cuâ—m-House the many Halls of Compa iâ— the Gates with other Publick â—uildings valued at two Millions The War-Houses Stuffs Money and Goods lost and spoiled were estimated to two Millions of pounds The Money spent in Removing of â—oâ—ds and Wares in the Hiâ— of Carts Bâ—ats Porters c. modâ—ly compuâ—d at the lâ—ast two hundred thousand pounds The whole Damage amounting at the least to Nine Millions nine hundred thousand pounds And what is most Remarkable that notwithstanding these excessive Losses by Fire the Devouring Pestilence but the Year before and the Chargeable War against three Potent Nations at the same time depending yet within four or five Years the City was Rebuilt divers stately Halls and Churches erected all infinitely more Beautiful more Commodious and more Solid than before for which all praise and glory be given to God by us and Posterity The vast Traffick and Commerce of this City may be guessed at by its Customs which though moderate compared with the Impositions of other Countries did formerly amount to about 300000 l. per Annum and now are increased by Report to a much greater Value Time would fail me here to speak of its Antiquity Stately Palaces Streets Exchanges Number of Inhabitants Trade and Government of its well-fortified Tower the Grand Arsenal of the Kingdom Its incomparable Bridge Publick Colledges Schools Hospitals Work-Houses c. I shall therefore only add London is a huge Magazine of Men Money Ships and all sorts of Commodities the Mighty Rendezvous of Nobility Gentry Courtiers Divines Lawyers Physicians Ladies Merchants Seamen and all kind of Excellent Artificers of the most Refined Wits and the most Excellent Beauties in the World. Of the Universities Oxford Oxonium Lat. Calleva Ant. Oxenford Sax. Rhidichin or Rhydychen Brit. And Cambridge Camboricum Ant. Cantabrigia Beda Granchester Sax. IN the beautiful Body of the Kingdom of England the two Eyes are the two Vniversities those Renowned Nurseries of Learning and Religion which for number of Magnificent and Richly Endowed Colledges for liberal Stipends to all sorts of publick Professors for number of well furnished Libraries for Number and Quality of Students exact Discipline and Order are not to be Parallel'd in the whole World. So famous beyond the Seas and so much surpassing all other in Forreign parts that they deserve a far worthier Pen than mine to Blazon their Excellency I shall therefore only say that nothing was ever devised more singularly advantagious to Gods Church and Mans Happiness than these Vniversities from whence men of Excellent parts after seasonable time in Study are called forth to serve both in Church and State. York Eboracum Ant. Eburacum Ptol. Caerfrock vel Caer-Efroc Brit. is a City of great Antiquity esteemed the second of England Famous for its Cathedral for the Birth-place of Constantine the Great and the Burial-place of Severus the Emperor it is the Title of the Kings second Son and an Archbishoprick Canterbury Durovernum Darvenum Ant. Ptol. Durovernia Beda is remarkable for being the Seat of an Archbishop who is Primate of all England Bristol Bristolium Famous for its Trade and Commerce and for its Scituation in two Counties Norwich Norvicum for its Industry in Woollen Manufactures Salisbury Sarum for its rare Cathedral wherein there are as many Doors as Months as many Windows as Days and as many Pillars as Hours in the Year Windsor Windlesora pleasantly seated on the side of the Thames and is famous for its stately Castle and Royal Palace of his Majesty Jam. II. Gloucester is the Title of the Third Son of Great Britain seated upon the Severn near the Isle Aldney where was fought the Combat between Edmund Iron-side King of the English Saxons and Canutus the Dane I had purposed to have given a more particular description of all the rest of the principal Cities in England but must defer it for a Treatise of England wherein each County is drawn for a Pocket-Volume after a more new and compendious way than ever yet extant I shall therefore here say no more of England Of Wales WALES by Rob Morden WALES is a Principality adjoyning to and annext in Government with England Inhabited by the Posterity of the Ancient Britans who being driven out of the rest of the Land by the intruding Saxons whom they sent for over to Assist them against
the Leuearum of Ant. Pembroke the chief Shire-Town seated on Milferd Haven so large and capacious that it may safely contain a 1000 sail of Ships over which it hath two fair Bridges a place of good strength fortified with a Wall and a strong Castle seated on a Rock St. Davids Menevia Fanum Davidis once a City of good account now only notable in that it is a Bishops See and a fair Cathedral Haverfordwest is the Town where the Assizes are kept Tenby is seated upon a Rock having a commodious Road for Ships Fishgard is the Abergwaine of the Welsh The Description of SCOTLAND SCOTIAE Nova Descriptiō per. Robert Morden SCOTLAND is separated from England by the Rivers Tweed and Solway and the Cheviot Hills The Ancient Inhabitants were the Britains divided by Ptolomy into many lesser Names by Dion and Xiphilinus into two only general viz. the Calidonii and Meatae Afterwards called the Picts towards the wain of the Roman Empire from their Paintings and for their better distinction from the civil and clothed Britains distinguished by Am. Marcellinus into the Picts Ducalidoniae and the Vecturiones The Scots a Colony of the bordering Irish intruding amongst and conquering the Picts or Britains all other Names worn out the whole are now accounted Scots The Length of Scotland I find set down by Heylin to be 480 Miles but the breadth in no place more than 60 Miles the truth of which will appear if you consider the Latitude of Solway-Frith near Carlisle the most Southern part of Scotland and Straitsby-head the most Northern you will find the greatest length can be but 260 English Miles and the breadth in the broadest place more than 160 Miles as you will easily see by the Map. Scotland according to its Situation may be divided by the River Tay into two parts viz. North and South commonly distinguished by the Names of Highland and Lowland The first was the Ancient Kingdom of the Scots The other the Old Habitation of the Picts The People of the former are by Nature and Disposition rude and uncivil The Inhabitants of the latter in Disposition Civility Language and Habit are much resembling the English and are thought to be Descended of the Saxons On the West part of Scotland are many Woods Mountains and Lakes Towards the East it is more Fruitful in Corn especially Barley and Oats Their Fruits are not very Excellent nor plentiful but they have abundance of Fish and Fowl not much Cattel nor big Their chief Commodities are Coarse Clothes Freezes Fish Lead Oar Feathers Allows Iron Salt-petre Linnen cloth Train-Oyl some Hides and Tallow The Kingdom of Scotland consists of the Nobility Gentry and Commons These with the Lords Spiritual Assemble together in Parliament when called by Writ from the King of Great Britain who by Reason of his Residence in England constituteth and appoints a Vice-Roy to Act under him at the said Session of Parliament called Lord Commissioner who at present is William Duke of Queensbury As to their Courts of Judicature they have several the Chief is the Session or Colledg of Justice consisting of a President fourteen Senators seven of the Clergy and as many of the Laisy whereunto is now added the Chancellor who is chief and four Lords of the Nobility besides as many Advocates and Clerks as the Senators see convenient These sit and administer Justice every day from nine to twelve except Sundays and Mondays from the first of November to Christmas-Eve and from the first of January to the last of February and from Trinity-Sunday to the first day of August But now by Act of Parliament the Summer-Sessions are taken away and instead thereof they are to be kept in March. This Court is of great state and order the Clerks write all the Material heads that are pleaded at the Bar. And after the parties are removed the Senators consider the Arguments and give sentence and the major part carries it Their final Sentence or Decrees determines all business there being no appeal only to the Parliament who may receive and repeal their decisive sentence The next supream Court is the Justice-Court where all Criminals are tried it consists of a Lord Justice General and of a Lord Justice Clark who is his assistant This Order was changed Anno 1669 and by Act of Parliament four Judges were appointed to sit in this Court with the Lord Justice General c. The Jury is made up of fifteen the major part determines the matter Besides this Court there are in every Shire or County Inferior Civil Judicatories or Courts kept wherein the Sheriff of the Shire or his Deputy decideth Controversies and Law-Suits but from these there are Appeals to the Sessions or Higher Court of Equity There are likewise Judicatories called Commissarials for Ecclesiastical Affairs The Shires of Scotland are viz. Edinburg Barwick Peeblis Selkirk Roxburg Dumfreis Wightown Air Renfrew Lanrick or Lanock Dumbritton or Dunbarton Boot Inner Ara Perth Striveling or Sterling Linlithgow Clackmanan Kinros Couper Fife Forfar Kinkardin Marrischals Aberdeen Bamf Errols Elgin Nairn Innerness Ross Cromarty Tayn Dornock Weik Orkney The Constabulary of Haddington The Stewartries of Strath-yern Monteith Annannaile Kirkubright The Baileries of Kyle Carriek Cunningham Scotland is also divided into several Counties or Parts Lothien Merch Teifidal or Tiviotdale Eskdale Easkdale Liddesdale Annandale Nithisdale Galloway Carrick Kyle Cunningham Clidesdale Lennox Striveling or Sterling Mentieth Fife Strathern Argile Lorn Cantire Arran Albany or Braid Albin Perth Athol Anguis Mernis Buquihan or Buchan Marr Marray Lochabyr Rosse Southerland Strathnavern Cathnes The Government whereof is divided into two Arch-Bishopricks Saint Andrews and Glasco under whom are several Suffragan Bishops It s chief places are 1. Edinburgh the Metropolitan City of this Kingdom Situate in a high and wholsome Air and a Fertil Soil consisting chiefly of one Street about a Mile in length out of which runs many smaller Lanes and Streets 'T is strongly begirt with a Wall and Fortified by a fair and strong Castle seated on the top of a Rock a place Adorned with many fair Edifices Dignified with the Courts of Judicature High Court of Parliament and a University 2. St. Andrews of Old Fanum Reguli hath a fair Prospect towards the Sea near the fall of the Ethan Fortified with a fair and strong Castle Dignified with an Archbishops See. 3. Glasco pleasantly seated on the River Cluyd over which it hath a fair Bridge A place of good Account Dignified with an Arch-Bishops See and a University Glasquum Script Scot. 4. Sterling a place of good strength and Fortified with a strong Castle Strivilingum vel Strevelinum seu Sterlinga 5. Dunbritton a place of great strength having the strongest Castle in all Scotland both by Nature and Art. Castrum Britonum 6. Falkland pleasantly seated for Hunting 7. Perth or St. Johns Town a place of good Account pleasantly seated at the Mouth of the River Tay between two Greens 8. Aberdeen
the adjacent Countries 3. Galloway the principal City of the Province of Connaught a Bishops ee and the third City of Ireland for Beauty Bigness and Strength Situate near the Fall of the great Lake or River Corbles in the Western Ocean a noted Emporie well Inhabited and of a good Trade by reason of its commodious Haven or Road for Ships 4. Limrick the second Principal of the Province of Munster and the fourth in Estimation of all Ir land Situate in an Island compassed about with the River Shannon well Fortified with a strong Castle a Bishops See and well frequented distant from the Main Ocean about 60 miles yet the River so large and Navigable that Ships of Burthen come up close to the very Wall. Beautified with a Cathedral Church and a fair Stone-Bridg 5. Kingsale upon the Mouth of the River Bany a Commodious Port being the only s fe and ready Port in all Ireland for our English Ships and others to Victual at and Refresh themselves when Bound for and returning from the West-Indies and other parts of the VVorld 6. Cork a Bishops See well Walled and fitted with a commodious Haven Inhabited by a W althy and Industrious People generally English the Shire-Town and the only Through-fare of all English Goods and Commodities s nt this way most commonly out of England for the two Remarkable Towns of â—imrick and Galloway Armagh Dublin Cassil and Tuam are the four Arch-Bishopricks VVicklow seated on the Sea whose Castle is a strong Rock Newcastle is guarded by its Sands Trim on the River Boyne Longford is the title of an Earldom Kildare a Bishops See much celebrated in the Infancy of the Irish Church for the Holy Virgin St. Brigid VVexford the Menapa of Ptol. seated at the mouth of the River Slane is a fair Town and a good Haven Inish Corthy is a Borough and Town Corporate Kilk nny on the Nure is a fair and wealthy Town and honoured with the See of the Bishop of Ossery London-Derry is a fair and well built Town Dunagan gives its name to the County St. Patricks Purgatory is a Vault or narrow Cave in the ground of which strange stories are reported by the Irish Cloghar dignified with the See of a Bishop Dungannon the ancient residence of the O-neals Antrim gives name to the County Knock-fergus or Carikfergus seated on a large Bay the Vinderius of Ptolomy not far from which once stood the famous Monastry of Magio so much commended by Bede Down and Conner are dignified with an Episcopal See. Tredath or Droghdagh with its good Haven is a well frequented Town Carlingfort is a well frequented Port-Town Owen Maugh the ancient Seat of the Kings of Vlster is near to Armagh the Arch-Bishoprick and Primate of all Ireland Craven is seated on the Lake Cane Kilmore on the Lake Navity Belturbet and Inish Killing on the Lake Earne Clare giveth Title to an Earldom Kylaloe is dignified with an Episcopal See near the Lake Derg on the Shannon Roscommon not far from Loegh Ree Elphen is honoured with the See of a Bishop Athlone on the Lake Ree under the Curlew Hills is defended by a Castle and beautified with a Stone-Bridge Letrim seated in a fertile soil near the L. Alyne Cassile is an Arch-Bishoprick by Eugenius the third Bishoâ— of Rome Holy Cross on the River Shoure once a place much frequented by Pilgrims The North part of Tipperary beareth the Name of Ormond and is Honoured in giving Title to James Butler Duke Marquess and Earl of Ormond Earl of Brecknock and Ossery c. Dingle hath a commodious Port. Ardfart or Ardart is a Bishops See. Yoghil on the River Broadwater is well fortified and hath a good Haven as also is Dungannon Of Denmark DENMARK by Robt. Morden at the Atlas in Cornhil LONDON DENMARK is a Monarchy which in former times was very formidable both to France and England and tho the English for many years have minded no other Interest in this Country but that of the Baltick and North Trade yet since these two Crowns are now come to a closer Union it may be worth our while to look back and consider the State of that Monarchy wherein the English hath so great an Interest by the late Marriage of George Prince of Denmark with the Princess Ann. Concerning the Original of the Dane we read not in any of the more ancient Greek and Latin Authors excepting Jornandes and Venantius Fortunatus who yet but slightly mention them In the French and English Histories they are often remembred first in the reign of Theodorick King of Austrasia about the year 516 under their King Cochliarius foraging upon the Sea-coast of Gaul-Belgick slain in their return by Theodebert Son to Theoderick After this in the reign of Charles the Great under their Prince Gotricus or Godfrey then warring upon the Obertriti the Inhabitants about Rostock teste Krantzio and Invading Freisland with a Fleet of 200 Sail threatning the Neighbouring Saxons with Subjection and much endangering the Empire of the French if the death of Godfrey and the Quarrels about Succession had not prevented Afterwards their mention is very frequent and famous during the race of the French Kings of the Caroline Line and of the Monarchy of the English Saxons with sundry Fleets and Armies unresistible invading France and England conquering and subduing the English Saxon Nation and giving the Name of Normandy to part of France for by that common Name of Normans the Danes as well as the Norweeis and Swethes were then called The word Dane Saxo Gramaticus Krantzius and others fabulously derived from one Dan a King hereof about the year of the World 2898. Becanus from Henen or Denen signifying a Cock in the Danish Language the Arms of the Alani their Progenitors But how they got thither is very uncertain Andreas Velleius in Cambden from the Dahi a people of Asia and Marck signifying a border Ethelwardus from Donia a Town sometimes since seated herein Montanus from Aha signifying water in regard of the Situation of the Country The more Judicious fetch their Name from the Bay or Strait of the Sea called by Mela Sinus Codanus about which Strait and in the Islands adjacent these people since their first being known have to this day inhabited From this Name hath the Country been called Denmark A Nation famous a long time for Arms and their many and great Victories atchieved abroad Themselves never conquered by foreign power Lords sometimes of England and Swethland Yet such is the Vicissitude of Kingdoms that Denmark was in the compass of four years viz. 1657 58 59 and 1660 almost conquered by the Swedes the History of which Wars are well written by Sir Roger Manley there you will find the King of Sweden fighting with a wonderful resolution and continued Successes the King of Denmark with an undaunted and indefatigable courage endeavours to check his Career till by the Mediation of the Dutch and English the Treaty of Roschilt in
overflow the Land where they catch plenty of Fish and the mud inriches the Soil It s chief Towns are Schleswyck Slesuicum Heideba teste Crantzio an Episcopal See and Head of the Dukedom Seated on the River Slea which falls into the Baltick Sea where it hath a commodious Haven 2. Husum Seated on the River Eyder Fortified with a Castle 3. Haders-leben Fortified with the Strong Castle Hansberg 4. Flensberg with its commodious and deep Port. Between Flensberg and Sleswick is a Country that goes by the name of Angelen from whence England had its first denomination ever since King Egbert 5. The Port of Christian-pries now Fortified by the Fort Frederick 6. Gortop a trong Fort or Castle the Residence of the Duke of Holstein 7. Frederick-stadt upon the Eyder built by one of the late Dukes intending to have set up a Trade of Silk there to which purpose in the year 1633 he sent a splendid Embassie into Muscovy and Persia whose Travails are described by Olearius Of North-Juitland NOrth-Juitland is divided into four Diocesses Ripen Arthusen Albourg and Wibourg The Diocess of Ripen contains seven Walled Towns and ten Castles its chief places are Ripen an Episcopal Sea Fortified with a Castle 2. Kolding the place where Toll is paid for the Cattel that passes that way 3. Frederick Ode or Frederica lies in a situation of that importance that Charles Gustavus having taken it in the late Wars 1657 opened himself a way to pass his Army over the Ice into all the Neighbouring Islands and to alarum Copenhagen an Action both bold and unheard of for he marched his Cavalry and his Carriages over a great Arm of the Sea where before a single footman was afraid to expose his life The Diocess of Artbusia or Arthusen contains seven Cities and five Castles its chief places are Arthusen a well frequented Port. Kalla a Strong place Horsens and Renderen The Diocess of Aelbourg Aelburgum hath for its chief places Albourg at the mouth of Limford-Bay Nicoping Hirring Wansyssel Thysted and Scagen or the Scaw the northermost part of Juitland The Diocess of Wibourg hath three Castles and three Walled Towns the chief is Wibourg where are the Courts of Judicature for all Juitland The chief Islands belonging to Denmark that lie dispersed in the Baltick See are Zeland Fionia or Funen Alsen Arroe or Aria Langland Laland Falster Mone Huen or Ween-Island and Bornholm Of the Baltick Sea. THIS is the Sinus Codanus of the Ancients otherwise called Sucvicum Mâ—re seu Balticum Die Bâ—lth or Oostzee Belgis La Mar Baltique Gallis Warezkovie More Russis It hath three several passages into it from the Ocean all of them under the command of the King of Denmark the safest and most usual is that famous Strait called the Frâ—tum Sundicum Le Sund Gallis Straet Van Sund. Batavis Oresund Danis The Sound Anglis So great a passage that there often sails 200 sometimes 300 Ships through in one day and is not above four miles over in the narrowest place The second passage or Inlet lies between the Islands of Zeland and Funen and is about 16 miles over and is called Bâ—ltsound or the great Belt. The third passage is between Funen and Jutland not above eight miles over and is called the lesser Belt. Of Zeland ZEland of old Codanonia the greatest Island of the Baltick Seas is situate near the Main Land of Schonen from which 't is separated by a narrow Streight abou four miles over which is called the Sound through which all Ships must pass that have any Trade or Commerce in these Seas and pay a Toll or Imposition to the King according to their bigness or Bills of Lading by which ariseth his greatest Revenue And for the security of this passage there are built two very strong Castles the one in this Isle called Cronenburg the most delightful Seat in the World affording a profitable and pleasant Prospect of all Ships that Sail through the Sound the other in Schonen or Scandia called Elsenburg In the Reign of Queen Elizabeth our Eastland-Fleet was by the King of Denmark threatened to be sunk in case they passed this Sound or Straits of Elsenour yet they made the Adventure having only one Man of War viz. the Minion and kept their course maugre all opposition without any wound received forwards and back again The chief City of this Island is Haphnia Kiobenhaven Danis Koppenhagen Ger. Kopenhaven Belg. Copenhage Gal. Copenhagen Angl. the Met opolis of the whole Kingdom sometime the Residence of the King a University Seated near the Sea with a good Port and safe Road for Ships Fortified with a Strong Castle containing one of the Fairest Arsenals in Europe wherein is a Celestial Globe six foot Diameter Christiern the Fourth having laid the foundation of a New City in the little Island of Armager joyned it to the old by a Bridg and called it by the Name of Christierns Haven so that now it is divided into two parts in the New Town is the Royal Castle the Mint the Exchange and the Arsenal before mentioned This City was taken by Frederick Anno 1522 and in the year 1536 after a years Siege it was surrendred to Christiern the 3d. The Citizens now enjoy the greatest priviledg of any City in Europe Roschildt is the Burying place of the Danish Kings Elsenour is near to the strong Castle and Palace of Cronenberg the Fortifications whereof was and is the Key of the Baltick Sea enlarged into the Sea with incredible charge and pains by Frederick the 2d The Surrender of this Castle to the Swedes by a Stratagem Sept. the sixth 1658 was like to have lost Copenhagen and consequently the whole Kingdom Fredericksberg is a Fortress built in a pleasant Plain oftentimes the place of the Kings retirement but most famous for that solemn Interview and Entertainment that happened between the late Kings of Sweden and Denmark upon the Conclusion and Ratification of the Roschildt Treaty Other places are Kallenburg Rinstead Koge Korsoer is the place where K. Charles of Sweden landed his Army in his Second Expedition against Denmark Aug. 8. 1658 five Months after the aforesaid Interview of the two Kings at Frederixburg Nestwood Waringburg was the first place where the King of Sweden set his Foot in Zeland in his first Expedition In this Island are reckoned 340 Villages The Island of Fionia or Funen is the assignment of the Prince of Denmark 't is Seated between Zeland and Juitland separated from the first by a narrow passage called the Belt from the last by a narrower called Midle-far-sound 'T is a fertile Soil and pleasant situation It s chief place is the well Traded Odensee an Episcopal See formerly the Seat of the General Assemblies of the Kingdom now kept at Copenhagen adorned with two fair Churches and neat buildings near this place Count Guldenlew the Vice-roy of Norway was overtaken in his Coach by Charles King of Sweden in his first Expedition Other Towns are
Norway is very much fallen to decay yet it still â—tains the Title of an Archbishoprick and the Remains of one of the fairest and most magnificent Churches of the North Ships ride sâ—fâ—â—e Harbour but they must have very good Pilots to carry them in Here the People make a kind of Bread of Barly-Meal and Oates which they bake between two hollow Flint-stones which Bread ke ps thirty or forty years The Norwegians are little subject to sickness and of such a Constitution that when they are in a Fever one slice of Bacon does them more good than a potched Egg their great inclination to Sorcery makes them have the reputation of Selling the Winds to the Seamen Finmark which makes part of Lapland advances into the Frigid Zone so that day or night continues alternately for several Months together The Inhabitants claim nothing of Property but take the first place that pleases them here to day in another place to morrow They live upon Fish and Hunting and only pay an acknowledgment of certain Skins to the King of Denmark and carry their Fish to Berghen The Castle of Wardhus with a Burrough of 300 Houses the most Northernly of the whole Continent is in the middle of a little Island where it serves only to force the payment of certain duties from those that Traffick to Arch-Angel in Moscovy The Haven is in the Western part of the Island which is separated from the Land by an arm of the Sea about a Quarter of a League broad through which the Ships make Sail and the places adjoyning are not so subject to the Ice as other parts of the same Sea. As for the Norwegians we have not read of them in any ancient Author both Name and Country seem more lately to have been given from their Northern Situation uniting with the Danes and Swedes they were better known in the time of the French Empire by the name of Normans under which appellation in the time of Charles the Simple they got the Province of Normandy conferred on Rollo the first Duke thereof Anno 912 afterwards setling in their own Country they were called Norwegians from their Northern Situation Governed by their own Kings till their final Subjugation by the Danes which was by means of the Marriage of Haquin the last Prince of Nâ—rway unto Margaret Queen of Denmark Norway and Sweden a second Semiâ—amis in the History of those times who having once got sooting in Norway so assured themselves of it that they havâ— ever since possessed it as a Tributary Kingdom so that now Norway and Denmark are both fellow Subjects under the same King. Of Swedeland SWEDEN NORWAY by Robt. Morden THE Monarchy of Sueovonia or Suecia Lat. Sweden Incolis Suede Gal. Suetia Ital. is the most ancient in Europe if it be true that it has had above a hundred and fifty Kings and that the first among them was the Son of Japhet one of the Sons of Noah Perhaps for this reason it was that at the Council of Basil a Swedish Bishop had the Confidence to demand of the Presidents the precedency before all the Bishops of Christendom Some Historians begin to reckon the Kings of Sweden from Jermanicus and demonstrate to us that the Kingdom was Elective till the Reign of Gustavus de Vasa or Ericus who made it Hereditary to his Family in the year 1544 and at the same time put down the Roman Catholick Religion to Embrace the Lutheran Doctrine under this pretence of Religion Charles the Ninth of Sudermania deprived his Nephew Sigismund of his Crown who had been the 13th Elective King of Poland of that Name In the Reign of the Emperor Charles the Great we find them to have been a Free State different from that of the Danes entertaining then Harioldus and Ragenfridus Kings of that Nation driven out by the Sons of Gotericus In the Reign of Sweno the First and Canutus the Great they were subject to the Danes By Queen Margaret about the year 1387 they were again subdued to the Danish yoke after long Wars sundry defections and recoveries not fully delivered until the year 1525 freed by Gustavus aforesaid and ever since commanded by Princes of their own Nation The ancient Inhabitants of this Nation are supposed to be the Suiones or Sitones of Tacitus Inhabiting the greater Scandia of Ptol. by Aimonius called the Sueones in his 48 and 101 Chap. By Jornandes de Rebus Geticis the Suethici at this day by long corruption the Sueci giving Name to the Country now called Suetia or Swedeland extended for a great space of Land betwixt the Baltick and the Frozen Seas The King of Swedeland stiles himself King of the Swedes Goths Vandals Great Prince of Finland Duke of Estonia and Carelia Lord of Ingria and bears in his Arms three Crowns The present King is Charles the Eleventh of the Family of the Palatine of Deux Ponts The Goths and Vandals are famous in History for their Conquests So have the Swedes been in the last Age through the valour of their late Kings and the conquests they have made upon their Neighbours which had made them almost Masters of the Baltick The Peace at Bromsbroo near Christianople Anno 1645 obliged the King of Denmark to restore Jempterland and Herendall to the Swedes and to surrender him the Islâ—nds of Gotland and Oesel to perpetuity with the Province of Halland for thirty years The Peace of Roskil near Copenhagen 1658 surrendered Halland wholly to the Swedes together with Schonen Blâ—king and the Island of Bornholm which afterwards returned to the Danes by exchange of other Lands the Fortress of Bahus and the Bailywick of Drenthâ—m The Peace at Copenhagen 1660 confirms the Treaty of Roskil except for the Bailywick of Dronthem and acquires the Island of Ween The Acquisitions of the Swede from the Empire by the Peace of Munster were the Dutchy of Lower Pomerania and in the Vpper-Stetin Gartz Daâ— and Golnau the Island and Principality of Rugen the Isles and Mouths of Oder the Dukedoms of Bremen and Ferden The City Signiore and part of Wismar Wildhusen in Westphalia the priviledg to attempt the rest of Pomerania and the new Marquisate of Brandenburgh The Treaty of Oliva near Dantzick 1660 was so advantageous to this Kingdom that the King of Poland there utterly renounced the Title of King of Swedeland for the future and consented that Livonia from thenceforth should be Hereditary to the Crown of Sweden This was intended of Livonia upon the North of the River Duna where only Dunâ—mburgh was reserv'd to the Crown of Poland according to the Truce made at Stumsdorf for 26 years Anno 1635. The Peace with Muscovy restor'd to Sweden all that the Grand Duke had taken in Livonia The King of â—weden pretends to the Succession of Cleves and Juliers by Title from his Great Grand-father John Duke of Deux Ponts who Married Magdalene the thirteenth Sister to Duke John-William In the Estates of this Kingdom the Country-men
't was Surrendred after recovered by a Notable Surprize of Count Swartzenburg and Count Palfi with a great Slaughter of the Turks 1606. Here also are several sorts of Warlike Engines and Instruments Komora Comora is the Crumenum Asaum of Ant. Comaronium Bragaetium is Moated by the Danow and strongly Fortified The Island of the same Name formerly called Schutt contains above 300 Villages and above 15000 Inhabitants with the conveniencies of Hunting and Fishing Filleck Filecum Tokay Tokaeum al. Trissum Zatmar Zatmaria and Kalo have been likewise Fortified by Order of the Emperor who keeps hard-by several Armed Gallies Agria Egar Ger. Erlaw Hung. Erla Incolis Temeswar and Canisia have also their several Bassa's as being upon the Frontiers The Turks call Temeswar The Invincible by some thought to be the Zuroâ—dra or Zurobara of Ptol. The City of Gran Strigonium Laz or Ostrogon Bregaetium Clav. was the Birth-place of King Stephen the first Christian King of Hungary Besieged vain by John King of Hungary taken by Solyman August the 10th 1542 rceovered by Count Mansfelt but re-taken or basely delivered in the time of Sultan Achmet to Aly-beg the Turkish General Vicegrade Hung. Plin. Demberg Germ. the Castle of this place is Seated upon a high Rock where the Crown of Hungary was formerly kept and where the Kings of Hungary did often reside was taken by the Imperial Army June 16. 1684. Over against it lieth Maroz or Fristat Neoseliun Newhausel Germ. Owar Hung. which several times hath bravely withstood the furious Assaults of the Turks but in Anno 1663 the Turkish Power was so great and the Magazine took fire that it was forced to yield and had not some other Christian Princes joyned their Assistance to the Emperor and so stopt the Turks Carrier his Ambition and Success had farther enlarged his Dominions In August 1684 it was taken by Storm and the Turks Army defeated near Gran. Albajulia Lat. Stulweissenburg G. Ekekes Feierwar Hung. Stolni Biograd Sclavis Albe Royale Gallis Alba Regalis Scrip. Pann once famous for the Coronation and Sepulchers of the Hungarian Kings taken by the Turks 1543 lost again 1595 when Sir Tho. Arundel forcing the Water-Tower took the Turkish Ensign and for his Valour was made Count of the Empire and Lord Arundel of Wardour A strong Town betrayed by N. Keresken the Governour thereof upon Promise of a great Reward but Selimus the Son of Solyman for his Treason caused him to be put into a Barrel stuck full of Nails and to be tumbled up and down till he miserably died The Emperor Ferdinand the Second Besieged Canisia or Canischa Ortel when he was Arch-Duke but could not take it Nor was Leopold Ignatius more Fortunate in the Year 1664. The Retreat of the Duke of Mercure from Canisia was one of the Noblest Actions of our Age. Quinque Ecclesiae Furfkirchen Germ. Otegiazac Hung. Petschen Turcis teste Leunclavio taken by the Turks 1543 by some thought to be the Teutoburgium of Ant. and Ptol. Others tell us 't is the Amantia of the Ancients tho some think Amantia to be Almaz it is the place where Solyman died during the Siege of Zygeth in the year 1566. Mohaez is Remarkable for the Defeat of the Christians in the year 1525. And for that of the Turks 1687. Pont d' Essek Famous for the Action of Count Serini who burnt it in View of all the Turkish Army And for the Campagne of 1687. Anno 1682 Villeck was besieged by the Bassa of Buda with 25000 Turks and Tartars but after a brave resistance in September it was surrendred without the Governours consent and afterwards demolished and the Walls levelled with the ground At the same time Lewentz was also abandoned and possessed by the Enemy And the Winter following the Turks and Hungarian Rebels seized themselves of the Fortresses Atsol Newsol Schimnitz and Chremnitz Anno 1595 divers Hungarians besieged Papa and after a long Battery it was delivered to them who sold the Inhabitants to the Turks But the Imperial Army advancing many of the Rebels fled And some of the chief promoters of that disturbance were impaled alive Near Altemberg the Imperial Horse and Foot being divided in passing a River after a sharp dispute the Turks seized upon the Imperial Baggage valued at 40000 Guilders when also the Princes of Savoy and Aremberg soon after died of their Wounds 1684 the Castle of Vnguar was besieged by Teckley and taken by Storm and most of the Garison put to the Sword. Upon the Hills near Vaccia the Duke of Lorain attacked a Body of 20000 Turks commanded by the Vizier of Buda of whom were slain 3000 1500 taken Prisoners with seven Pieces of Cannon eighteen Standards the Vizier and two Bassas slain a Bassa and ten Aga's prisoners and of the Dukes Army not a hundred men lost 1684 Virovitza the Key and Entrance into Sclavonia Capitulated and 600 Janizaries marched out and left it to the Imperialist after 113 years possession 1684 Zeben was invested by General Schuts and surrendred upon discretion all the Hungarians being about 120 were by the Count D'Bargarzzi cut in pieces in revenge of Count Teckleys Impaling alive divers of the Garison of Cziezuar which was surrendred to him upon Articles Barthfield a place fortified with good Walls several Towers and Redoubts the Garison consisting of about 400 men Capitulated and was put into the Command of the Imperialists Mongatz and Tokay are two strong places and in 1683 were in the hands of Count Teckley Makowitz was Surrendred to General Schultz Octob. 1684. In the year 1663 Leventz a strong place was delivered up to the Turks Schinta the Magazine of the Emperors Arms and Artillery was assaulted by the Vizier but being stoutly repulsed he raised his Camp and came before Novigrade a Castle on a High Rock encompassed with a Ditch of 34 foot deep Garisoned with 600 Soldiers and well stored with Victuals and Ammunition yet resigned unto the Turks 1663 At the shallow passages of the River Muer Count Serini with 500 men overthrew a party of 30000 Turks and Tartars under the Command of the Basha of Temiswar and so delivered Croatia from a total destruction In Jan. 1664. Berzenche was surrendred to Count Serini and Bakockza And Quinque Ecclesiae for its perfidious Act was by the Count after a furious assault took by Storm and in recompence of its treacherous stratagem put all the Inhabitants to the Sword pillaged and fired the Town which rendred it a horrible spectacle of Fire and Sword. At Zigeth consisting of an old and new Town conjoyned by a Bridg which crosseth a famous Marsh or Fen. N. Serini the Great Grandfather of the aforesaid Count Immortalized his Fame and Memory with the loss of his Life against Solyman the Great in the year 1565 with an Army of 600000. Serinswar built by Count Serini yielded to the Turks and was demolished Leiva before whose Walls C. Susa and the Christians obtained a great Victory against the Turks
the County of Rousillon on the Coast of Spain being now under the French King's Conquests but for Method and Order-sake I shall refer them to their proper place The chief Islands of France are 1. Strong Bell-Isle Venetica San. Calosus 2. Salt Nermoustier 3. Ree the Out-work to Rochel fatal to the English 1627. 4. Oleron Vliaras where Richard the III. gave those Laws as Lord of the Sea known to the World by the Title of The Laws of Oleron 5. The Tower d'Cardovan in the Mouth of the Garonne 6. The Isle Ouessant Vxantus by the English over against the Lizard In the Mediterranean lye the Isles de Ere 's the Staechades of Ptol. Of Spain A New Map of HISPANIA and PORTUGALLIA By Robt. Morden SPAIN by the Greeks first called Iberia not from Iberus the most famous River in that Kingdom nor from Iberi a people of Asia Quid igitur inquit Bochartus Ehraeis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Eber Chaldaeis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ebra vel ibra est transitus quicquid est ulterius Inde plurale ebrin vel ebrin terminus fines significat Merito igitur Iberi dicii qui ex Phoenicium sententiâ terrarum fines ultimos habitarunt It was also called Hisperia either from Hesperus a King thereof or rather as being the furthest Country Westward So also by the Greeks and Romans it was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from Pan the companion of Bacchus By the Phoenicians Spania or Sphania a Country of Rabbets or Conics lastly by the Moors Mus-Arabia Conjointly with Portugal it makes a great Peninsula being encompassed with the Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea only towards the North-East for 240 miles it is firmly tack'd to the Continent by the Pyrenean Hills It is situate in the most Western part of all Europe in the most Southernly part of the Northern Temperate Zone and the longest Summers day is about 15 hours As for the Dimensions it is said to be in length from Porto on the Mouth of the River Duero to Cape Creus in Catalonia 600 Geometrical Miles And from Cape Gibralter to Cape Penas in the Bay of Bisca for the breadth is 480 miles By Cluver 760 miles in length and 600 in breadth Heylin who follows Josephus saith this Kingdom was first Inhabited by the Progeny of Tubal the Son of Japhet being the Descendants of the Iberii who came in under Panus Cluver saith that the Celtae a great and Potent Nation descended from Aschenaz were the first that did people Spain and caused the whole Country to be called Celtiberia The next Forreigners that came into Spain were the Phoenicians Sailing from Tyrus as Diodorus and Strabo relate it Then the Greeks or Rhodians afterwards the Carthagenians did overrun a great part of it under the conduct of Amilcor Asdrubal and Annibal even from the Western Ocean to the Pyrenes destroyed Saguntum now Morvedre built new Carthage and had not Annibals ill Fate hurried him for Italy the whole Country had been subdu'd to the State of Carthage But the Carthagenians being overcome by the Romans in the second Punick War it fell under the Dominions of the Romans by whom it was divided into three Provinces Boetica Lusitanica and Terraconensis Baetica was bounded on the North and West by the River Ana now Guadiana on the South by the Mediterranean Sea as far as Almeria on the East it was separated from Terragon by a straight line from Almeria to Cuidad Real and contained the Kingdoms of Granata Andaluzia part of New Castile and Estremadura and was inhabited by the Turduli Eastward and by the Celtici towards the West Lusitania was bounded on the North by the River Durius now Duero on the West by the Ocean on the South by the River Guadiana on the East by a line drawn from Cuidal Real to Samora a Town seated on the River Duero and contains almost all Portugal part of Old and part of New Castile The rest of Spain went to the making up of the Province of Terragon The Romans also divided Spain into two parts the one Citerior the other Vlterior the first comprehended the Province of Terragon the latter did comprise Baetica and Lusitania and so remained until the time of Honorius the Emperor when Gundericus King of the Vandals made an Eruption out of Germany and over-ran it about the year of our Lord 400. The Vandals were not well setled in their New Conquest when the Goths seized on this Country forcing the Vandals into Baetica and after into Africa and so made the Conquest absolute The Sarracens and Moors invaded it in the year 720 under the Conduct of of Musa and Tariff who were invited in by Julian who was sent on an Embassie to the Moors of Africa by Roderick the Gothish King but in the mean time deflowred his Daughter Cava which the Father took in such indignation that he procured the Moors to come into Spain who after a Battel that lasted seven days in which Roderick had 130000 Foot and 35000 Horse and Tariffe had 30000 Horse and 180000 Foot the Moors were Victorious and having harassed the whole Country Founded several Kingdoms therein but the Moors not long enjoyed the sole Sovereignty therein for the Goths having recovered themselves the Moors by little and little were brought under Heylin tells us that at last Spain fell into a 12-partite division viz. Leon and Oviedo Navarre Corduba Gallicia Bisca Tolledo Murcia Castile Portugal Valentia Catelogue and Arragon But I chose rather to follow Clever Mercator Sanson who all agree that at last Spain fell under the Command of several more powerful Princes and was parted into 15 grand Divisions most of which carried the Title of Kingdoms five lie upon the Ocean Biscaia Astruria Galicia Portugal and Andalusia five upon the Mediterranean Grenada Murcia Valentia Catalonia and the Islands of Majorca Minorca and Yuica and five Midland viz. Arragon Navarr the two Castiles and Leon. Afterwards the whole Country was reduced under the Power of the Kings of Castile Arragon and Portugal and under these three Titles it is that the King of Spain at present possesseth his large Dominions which he Governs by Eight Vice-Royes But in the year 1640. the Duke of Braganza was proclaim'd King of Portugal and ever since it continues Independent The People of Spain are of a swarthy Complexion black Hair and of good Proportion stately in all their Actions of a Majestical Gate and Deportment grave and serious in their Carriages in Offices of Piety very devout not to say superstitious obedient and faithful to their King patient in Adversities not prone to alter their resolutions in War too deliberate Arts they esteem dishonourable much addicted to Women and naturally proud Their Women sober discreet indifferent handsome clear complexioned loving to their Husbands and Friends yet by them so narrowly watched and overlooked that 't is hardly possible for them to have conference with any other man. In matters of Religion they are Roman
they obtain'd leave to raise a Cittadel which was the first Fort they had in the East-Indies but that Fortress was taken from them by the Hollanders in the year 1662. The Prince of Calicut calls himself Zamorin a Prince of great power and awe and not more black of colour than treacherous in disposition Many deformed Pagotha's are here worshipped but with this ordinary Evasion That they adore not Idols but the Deumo's they represent And the Dutch General who was Cook of a Ship Crowned the King with those hands which had oftner handled a Ladle than a Sword And exacts a Tribute from all the Kings of Malabar but most of them are dispens'd withall from paying it Besides this Prince there are in this Country the Kings of Cananor Tanor Cranganor Cochin Coulan and Travancor and 10 or 12 other considerable ones Cochin Colchin of Ptol. Herb. not much inferior to Goa pays Tribute to the Hollanders who keep the Castle The Harbor is pester'd with Rocks and Shelves Coulan has been much richer and better peopled than it is for it had formerly above 100000 Inhabitants Sopatpa in Arrian and Coâ—â—y in Ptol. Zamoryn valu'd it for its Situation for its Port and its Fidelity Since that the Sands having stop'd up the Port Goa and Calecut have got all the Trade from it Cananor Calligeris Ptol. teste Castal holds also some Islands among the Maldives viz. the Isle Malicut and the five Isles of Diavandorow Onor the Hippocura of Ptol. teste Baud. produces a weighty sort of Pepper and Black Rice accounted better than the White Baticale and Gersopa further in the Land are the Capital Cities of their Kingdoms included under the general Name of Canara To Malabar joins the fishing Coast called the Coast of Manar where they fish for Pearls in April for three weeks together The Country which contains about 30 little Cities is dry and Sun-burnt having no other advantages but by the Fishery for which they keep a Fair at Tuticorin The most part of it is under the Nâ—ic of Madure the Hollanders possessing only the Island of Kings where they have built a Fort and to which there is no coming but by a Chanel for the defence whereof they have rais'd several Works for conservation thereof being of so great importance to them by reason that thereby they are Masters of the Banks of Manar There is also found some Amber-greice and heretofore near to Cape Comâ—rin a Cape well known of old by Ptol. called Cory Calligicum by Strab. Conomencina by Plin. Calusca Colaicum Comar by Arrian in his Periplus Comara extrema or Cape Comryn there was a Pearl found that weighed above 30 Quintals Coromandel or Corobander Cartagar damna Ptol. so called from the abundance of Rice which it produces is famous for the best Ports of India The City of Meliapore Malipur incolis St. Thomaso Lusitanis Mâ—lange Ptol. or the Calurmina of Sophron. and St. Thomas's Anglis where that Apostle wrought many Miracles and where as their Traditions he foretold the coming of White People into that Country It is observed that the Off-spring of those that Martyr'd St. Thomas have one Leg bigger than the other â—â—liour is seated upon a small River having five Foot of Water at the Mouth of it which is about Cannon-shot from the City but small Ships had rather harbor themselves at Pelicate and the great ones at Nâ—gaâ—â—tâ—n which with Meliapor belongs to the Portugalâ— Pâ—licate besides the Town there is a Fort called Geldria that belongs to the Duâ—â—h where they have their chief Factory and where lives the chief Intendent over all the rest that are in the Territories of the King of Gâ—lâ—â—da In the Fort are generally 200 Soldiers besides Merchants The Bastions are well stored with good Guns and the Sea comes up to the very Wall of it Tavernier tells us That when the Inhabitants fetch their Water to drink they stay till the Sea is qâ—â—te gone out then digging holes in the Sand as near the Sea as they can they meet with fresh Water About 7 or 8 Leagues off is Fort St. George which belongs to the English whose Port or Harbor is called Madraspatan The Kingdom of Golconda is a Country abounding in Corn Rice Cattel and other Necessaries for Human Life and Bagnagar is the Name of the Metropolis commonly called Golconda which is the Name of a Fortress about two Leagues from it The City is said to be little less than Orleance seated upon a River which near to Mâ—slipatan falls into the Gulph of Bengala over which River there is a stately and fair Bridge into the City which is adorned with the King's Palace and the Houses of the great Lords and other Persons of Quality the Merchants and Tradesmen living in the Suburbs which are a League in length In this City is to be seen the Foundation of a magnificent Pagod which had it been finished had been the fairest in India there is one Stone which is an entire Rock of such a prodigious Bulk that 5 or 600 Men were five years before they could hew it out of its place and they say that 1400 Oxen were employed to draw it away The Men and Women of Golconda are well proportioned and of comely statures only the Country people swarthy there are said to be 20000 Licensed common Women about the City and Suburbs The present King descended from an ancient Family of the Turcomans is a Mahumetan and of the Sect of Hali and pays the Mogul an annual Tribute of 200000 Pagods Maslipatan is a great City and the most famous Road for Ships in the Gulph of Bengal the Argaric Gulph of old from whence they set Sail for Pegu Siam Aracan c. where Bloom saith the English have setled a Factory Concerning the Kingdoms of Narsinga and Bisnagar which some Authors make two distinct Countries though some others confound them together I shall give you this account That formerly the Territories of the Raja of Narsinga extended from Cape Cormorin all along the Coast of Cormandel as far as the River Guenga that falls into the Bengalan Gulph near the mouth of the Ganges the other Raja's being his Subjects that the last Raja who was at War with Ackbar the Mogul brought into the Field four Armies the first lay in that Province which is now called Golconda the second was quartered in the Province of Visapour the third in Brampore the fourth in Doltabat This Raja dying without Children the four Generals divided amongst them the Country but the Successor of the Mogul conquered again that of Brampore of Doltabat and part of Visapour but the King of Golconda became Tributary to him as was said before so that 't is very probable there are no such Cities as Narsingue or Bisnagar Tavernier in his Travels makes no mention of them The last Relations tell us that Gandicot Tav Guendicot Thev is one of the strongest Cities in the Kingdom of Carnatica about 85 Leagues from Meliapour and
1200 from Goloonda And that the greatest Raja on that side Ganges is of Velour whose Territories extend to Cape Cormorin and who succeeded to some part of the Estate of the Raja of Narsingue but in regard there is no Trade in his Country he is but little known to Strangers Thevenot tells us That the Usurpers were but three viz. of Viziapor of Bisnagar or Carnates formerly called Narsinga and Golconda Thus these Kings clashing together the Kings of Viziapor and Golconda warred upon the King of Bisuagar and seized upon several of his Towns so that he was constrained to flie into the Mountains and that his chief Town was Velour The Winter begins at Golconda in June with Rain and Thunder the Air was little cold at Night and in the Morning and in February the great Heats begin Vines are plentiful there and the Grapes are ripe in January They have two Crops a Year of Rice and many other Grains Some Relations make mention of the Naiques of Madure the Helura Ptol. Mundiris Arriano Modusa Plin. Tanaior and Gingi the Orthura Ptol. teste Baud. Orissa Castal of the Kingdom of Messur next to that of Madure but give us little of Remarque with Certainty Of the Peninsula Beyond GANGES A New Map of INDIA Beyond GANGES By R Morden THis Country in the elder Times was so Renowned for Wealth that one Tract of it had the Name of the Silver Region the other of the Golden Chersenese yet in truth the Country itself was but little known in the Times of the Ancients or the Interior part of it to us in these days Our latest Discoveries tell us 't is dismembred and subdivided into almost as many Kingdoms and Estates as Cities and Towns and into as many distinct Governments as there are Tribes and Nations amongst them the chief Cities of which are Pegu Triglipton or Trigliphon of Ptol. by Castal which was very considerable when it comprehended two Empires and 26 Kingdoms and then it was that Gold Silver Pearls and precious Stones were as common in the Court of Pegu as if the whole Orient had brought all its Riches thither But what its Revenues what its Government what its Forces and Riches now are I do not certainly find On the North of Pegu near Bengala is the City and Kingdom of Arachan now said to be subject to the Great Mogul Siriangh or Sirejang is a strong Fort on the mouth of the River given to the Portugals by the King of Arachan who at last were forced to yield it to the King of Ana by whom the Governor was cruelly Tortured on a Spit Sandiva is an Island about 30 Leagues in compass very fruitful once subdued by the Portugals but taken from them by the King of Arachan Anno 1608. 2. Siam of which our last Relation tells us That 't is a Country plentiful in Rice and Fruits The Forests of large Bamboo's are full of Rhinocero's Elephants Tygers Harts Apes and Serpents with two Heads but one has no motion The Rivers are very large and overflow the Banks when the Sun is in the Southern Tropick The Capital City is Siam the Sobanus or Cortacha of Ptol. about 3. Leagues in Circuit and walled the River running quite round it and in the Year 1665. fortified with very good Bulwarks by a Neapolitan Jesuit whose Port Town is Bancock six Leagues from the Sea. The Natives are all Slaves either to the King or the great Lords they have a great many Priests called Bonzes very ignorant yet greatly reverenced they hold the Transmigration of Souls into several Bodies and say That the God of the Christians and theirs were Brothers They have 33 Letters in their Alphabet and write from the Left to the Right contrary to the Custom of other Indians Their King is one of the richest Monarchs of the East and styles himself King of Heaven and Earth though Tributary to the Tartars as Conquerors of China He never shews himself in Publick above twice a Year but then in an extraordinary Magnificence He hath a great kindness for Elephants counts them his Favourites and the Ornaments of his Kingdom and styles himself King of the White Elephant for which there hath been great Wars between him and the Peguan King. Martaban said to be the Triglipton of Ptol. on the Gulph of Bengala once subject to Pegu now to Siam once a Kingdom now of a great Trade especially for Martabanes which are Vessels of Earth of a kind of Porcelain varnished with black and much esteemed in all the East 3. Malacca the Aurea Chersonesus of old in the Peninsula whereof are divers Kingdoms all which except Malacca are Tributary to that of Siam Tenasseri Juncalaon Quedda Pera and Malacca are on the Western part Ihor Puhang Patane Burdelong and Ligor are on the Eastern Coast Malacca the Tacola of Ptol. teste Alph. Adriano aliis Tacolais Juncalaon is the most famous being great rich and powerful An. 1511. the Portugals took it and kept it till 1641. when the Hollanders took it from them Among the Rarities of the Malacca or rather of the World is the Arbor Tristis which bears Flowers only after Sun-set and sheds them so soon as the Sun rises and this every Night in the year 4. Camboja Forte Pytindra or Pityndra of Ptol. on the River Mecon 60 Leagues up the River once one of the three prime Cities in this part of India The King thereof is or lately was Tributary to Siam whose Manners and Customs the People much resemble In the year 1644. four Holland Ships made into this River and got out notwithstanding all the opposition of the King of Camboja 5. Chiampa which communicates its Name to the Country said to be a distinct Kingdom It is seated near the Sea-side and of good Trade for the Wood called Lignum Aloes by some the Town is called Pulo Caceim Cochin China is said to be one of the best Kingdoms in all India it borders upon China of which it was once part and whose Manners Customs Government Religion and other Ceremonies they yet retain but their Language is that of Tonquin Among the Rarities of this Country is First The Inundation which in Autumn covers with its Waters almost all the Country making the Earth so fruitful that it brings forth its Increase twice or thrice a year Secondly Their Saroy Boura or matter wherewith the Swallows make their Nests which being steeped and moistned in Water serves for Sauce to all Meats communicating a variety of Taste as if composed of several Spices Thirdly Their Trees called Thins the Wood whereof remains uncorruptible whether in Water or Earth Sansoo is one of the greatest Cities of Chochin China and greatest Trade but now the Port failing it decays Haifo or Faifo is remarkable for its Forest of Orange and Pomgranate Trees Dinfoan is a good Port but of a difficult entrance Tachan is an Isle where the Fowls retire during the Heats Boutan is a good Haven Checo Kekio or Kecchio
Forests that the pleasantness of their Fruits the Verdure of their Herbs and the beauty of their Flowers give refreshment and delights to the Inhabitants all the year long That 't is a Country fertile in Grains rich in Pastures full with Rivers and Lakes stored with delicate Fish and Tortoise that their Honey is Medicinal their Balm excellent for Wounds that they have inexhaustible quantities of Ebony and Brazil store of Cacoa and Tobacco plenty of Sugar Canes and Rocon for the dying of Scarlet besides Gold Silver and other Metals which are found there That they observed an hundred and fifty different Nations upon and about the Banks of the Amazone of which the Homagues are excellent for their Manufactures of Cotton Cloath The Corosipares for their Earthen Vessels The Sarines for their Joynery Work. The Topinamubes for their power As for the Amazonian Women from whence it is pretended this River took its name many and strange Relations have been writ of them All I can find of it is that when the Inhabitants were in Arms at the arrival of the Spaniards there were some Women so couragious as to be amongst them but never any Country of such and therefore as fabulous as those of whom the Greeks have formerly writ such wonders Of PERV PERV is a name so remarkable that under the same many times all the other parts of Southern America are comprehended It lies almost all under the Torrid Zone and yet it has not the qualities of the Countries in our Hemisphere that lie under the same Zone There are in it three sorts of Countries very different the one from the other the Plain the Hill and the Andes The Plain lies near the Sea nothing delightful being sandy and subject to Earthquakes The hilly Country consists of Vallies Hills and Mountains where it is very cool The Andes where it almost continually rains are very high Mountains yet fertile and well peopled The Plain is not above twelve Leagues broad the Hilly Country twenty and the Andes as broad as that So that under the name of Peru are comprehended more Lands than are subdued by the Spaniards The Spaniards have a Vice-Roy in that Country where they have particularly fortified Arica being the place where the Merchandises of Lima and the Wealth of Potosi are brought They invaded this Kingdom under Pizarro in the year 1525. But the Civil Wars that ensued hindred for some time the absolute Conquest of the Country The Indians that cannot defend themselves pay Tribute The King of Spain receives vast Treasures out of the Mines of Peru. For the principal Cities are full of it and the very Earth is oftentimes nothing but Gold and Silver So that Peru is certainly the richest Country in the World. And it reported that the Spaniards made above twenty Millions of Ducates of their first Voyage thither The Ways are so secure from Robbery that four Musqueteers serve for a Convoy for three or four thousand Ducates The Inca's were Hereditary Kings of Peru for above three hundred years before the Invasion of the Spaniards They had made there two High-ways the one along the Plain where it required an extraordinary Expence to settle the Sand the other over the Mountain where it was as necessary to fill up the Valleys These High-ways were every one of them five hundred Leagues in length and upon the Road stood Houses whither Travellers were carried and entertained by the Natives upon freecost The same Inca's had also reared Temples to the Sun to the Moon and to the Stars which they call Ladies attending the Moon to Lightning Thunder and Thunder-bolts and to the Rain-bow which they said executed the Sun's justice It is reported that their Polities were not unlike those of the Greeks and Romans that their Government was mild free and liberal And that they divided the Earth into three parts the first high the second low and the third under ground signifying Earth Heaven and Hell. Atabalippa who was one of those Kings said That the Pope was not a Wise Man to give away that which was none of his own and that for his part he had more reason to prefer the Divinity of the Sun than of a Man that was crucified He also threw away a Breviary which they presented because it spoke never a word of Christ of whom they told him it related great things This unfortunate Prince being defeated and taken by the Spaniards at Caxamalca offer'd for his liberty as much Gold as could be heaped up half way in a Hall seven and twenty foot long sixteen foot wide and proportionably high nevertheless they put him to death as a Traytor and a Tyrant It is not to be wondred that the Inca's had such vast store of Gold and Silver for they had framed in Gold all the Creatures and Plants imaginable in their Temples also they put great numbers of Statues of all pure Gold and adorn'd with precious Stones The Edifices were demolished by the Spaniards who expected to find Gold in the Materials and in the cement of the Stones though they got a prodigious Sum besides The Provinces of Peru are Quito Los Reyes Los Charcas and La Sierra Quito which produces much Gold Cotton and Physical Drugs has a City of the same Name the antient Residence of Inca Guaynacapa The Province de los Reyes contains the best Cities in the Country Lima and Cusco Lima is new and one of the best in all America though it contain not above six thousand Inhabitants There are also about four thousand Negroes but they keep them disarm'd for fear of revolting The great Trade of the Town the Residence of the Vice-Roy and the Archbishop make it the Capital City of Peru. Calâ—ao a City and a Port two Leagues from Lima is able to receive and secure several Vessels Cusco built four hundred years before the Spaniards took it very well peopled because the King usually kept his Court and obliged the Lords of the Country to build them Houses and dwell in the City with their Children The Province de los Charcas contains the Cities of La Plata and Potosi which is the best inhabited place in all the West Indies for it is stored with all conveniencies and delights of this Life for which reason several People go to live there The Silver Mines in her Mountains are certainly the richest in the World and no way subject to the Water as the other Mines are The King of Spain had from thence a Million of Ducates formerly for his fifth but for some time since the Rent has fallen At the Island Perico was the Fight between the Buccaniers and Spaniards where the Buccaniers took five Ships the Buccaniers were but sixty eight Men the Spaniards two hundred and twenty eight At Gorgona Island the Buccaniers carreen'd At the Isle of Plate Sir F. Drake made the Dividend of that vast quantity of Plate which he took from the S. Armada which the Spaniards say was twelve score
Bodkins of their Horns Trumpets of their Bladders Vessels to keep Water in and their Dung when dried serves for Fire In Cibola Granada Acoma and some other places the Natives live in Fortresses upon the Mountains with Palisadoes and Moats calling their Villages by the names of their Cacicks which last no longer than their lives therefore to us uncertain The River of Nort which in all other Maps is made to fall into Mar del Vermejo or Mar del California falls with three Mouths into the Mexican Gulf. A Map of FLORIDA and the Great Lakes of CANADA By Robt. Morden FLorida was first discovered by the English under the Conduct of Sebastian Cabot 1479. Afterwards farther searched into by John Depony a Spaniard who took possession of it in the name of that King 1527 by him called Florida Its Coast is on the Gulph of Mexico which flows on its South it extends it self now from the River Palmas which bounds it on the Province of Panuco in New Spain unto Bay Saint Matheo on Mar del Nort between this Gulph and the Sea. Florida stretches out a Peninsula towards the South where the Cape of Florida is not distant from the Island Cuba above thirty five or forty Leagues Others only give the name of Florida to the Peninsula of Tegeste which advances to the South and contributes to form the Great Gulph of Mexico and the Chanel of Bahama The Air of Florida and Carolina is so temperate that Men live to the Age of two hundred and fifty years while the Children of five Generations are all alive at the same time The Soil is very fertile full of Fruit-Trees and the Towns the best peopled in all America The principal River is that of the Holy Ghost which falls into the Gulph of Mexico The Coast is very inconvenient for great Vessels by reason of the shallowness of the Water The Inland Country is possessed by the Savages under the Jurisdiction of Paroustis who are their Lords They are of an Olive Colour great Stature well proportionable their Hair black and long their Women of good shape and handsome they adore the Sun and the Moon and though they make War one with another nevertheless the Europeans cannot master them They have publick places where they meet for the distribution of Corn which they give to every Family that stands in need of it The Spaniards are possessed upon the Coast of Saint Austins and Saint Mathews two inconsiderable Colonies though there is a Castle belonging to each of them Saint Austin is of most consequence by reason of the Bahama through which the Spanish Fleets usually pass when they return from Havana into Europe The Situation of this County may be seen in the Map containing all those Lakes and Rivers of Canada as they have of late years been discovered by the French and English I had long waited for a new Description of the Country and of those vast Inland Seas and Rivers so advantagiously situated for Trade and Commerce that it must needs be one of the finest Plantations in the World. But at present the Proprietors and those that are concerned are not willing to publish any thing of it and therefore I must be silent A New Map of CAROLINA By Robert Morden CArolina about the year 1660 was by his Majesty the King of Great Britain c. united to his Imperial Crown and he by his Royal Grant established it a Province or Proprietorship dignified it a Principality and granted it by Patent to the Lord Chancellor Clarendon to the Lord Duke of Albemarle to the Earl of Craven to the Lord Ashley Cooper Earl of Shaftsbury to John Lord Barkley to Sir William Barkley and to Sir John Colleton Knight and Baronet to their Heirs and Successors c. It contains that part of the Continent of America which by the French was called Florida from her florid and fragrant Fields verdant Meadows delightful Savana's garded with stately Woods It extends it self from the River St. Matheo to Caratue inlet near Virginia In this large Tract of Land are many Navigable Rivers the chief whereof are Albemarle River Naratoke River Pentego River Neuse or Nus River Clarendon River Watere River Craven or Santee River Ashley River Cooper River Stono River Edisto River Colleton River Cambabe and Westro River May and Matheo River many safe commodious and spacious Harbors and for lesser Rivers and Brooks it hath innumerable It contains two principal settlements the one called Albemarle otherwise Roanoke situated in about thirty five Degrees of Northern Latitude from whence as good Beef and Pork have been stored and sent to other Plantations as Art and Industry can improve 't is a large and spacious settlement consisting at present of some two or three hundred upon a fertile Soil But the late and flourishing Plantation or Settlement lies more Southerly upon the Navigable Rivers of Ashley and Cooper known to the Natives by the Names of Wando and Kiawah Carolina is of a fertile and fruitful Soil where the Natives are a strong lively and well-shapen People well-humor'd and generally kind to the English They live a long and pleasant life taking little care for the future Their old Women plant their Mays And for the rest the Rivers afford them good Fish enough And in the Woods they have plenty of Provisions It s chief place is Charles Town Neither is the heat so sultry nor offensive as in places of the same Latitude of the old World nor is the Winter so pinching Yet enough to correct the humors of Mens Bodies to strengthen and preserve them in health and enough also to put such a stop to the Rise and Sap and the budding of Plants as to make them Bud and Blossom in their distinct Seasons and keep even pace till they be gathered Which makes it also proper for Wine and Oyl of both which they may in time have good quantities Liberty of Conscience is there allowed also but Atheism Irreligion and vitious Lives are condemned The English Proprietors have a Register of all Grants and Conveyances of Land to prevent Suits and Controversies And in sum their frame of Government is generally so well put together that judicious Men that have seen it say it 's the best for the People that live under it of any they have read To conclude here the Savana's are crowded with Deer large and stately Herds and Cattle parol the Meadows Here the pleasant Pastures abound with Sheep and Oxen the Fields are replenished with English and Indian Corn. The Gardens as in Asia and Europe are imbellished with the choicest Fruits and Flowers Here the Heavens shine with a Sovereign ray of Health a serene Air and a lofty Skie defends it from the noxious Infections and common Distempers that are incident to other parts of the World. In a word 't is a salubrious Air to the Sick a generous retirement and shelter to the injured and oppressed 'T is a Fund and Treasury to them that would
but gentle Showers and a fine Skie From thence to this present Month which endeth Summer commonly speaking we have had extraordinary Heats yet mitigated sometimes by cool Breezes And whatever Mists Fogs or Vapors foul the Heavens by Easterly or Southerly Winds in two hours time are blown away by the North-West the one is always followed by the other A Remedy that seems to have peculiar Providence in it to the Inhabitants V. The natural produce of the Country of Vegetables is Trees Fruits Plants Flowers The Trees of most note are the Black-Walnut Cedar Cyprus Chesnut Poplar Gumwood Hickery Sassafrax Ash Beech and Oak of divers sorts as Red White and Black Spanish Chesnut and Swamp the most durable of all which there is plenty for the use of Man. The Fruits that I find in the Woods are the White and Black Mulbery Chesnut Walnut Plums Strawberries Cranberries Hurtleberries and Grapes of divers sorts The great red Grape is in it self an extraordinary Grape and by Art doubtless may be cultivated to an excellent Wine if not so sweet yet little inferior to the Frontiniack as it is not much unlike in taste There is a white kind of Muskedel and a little black Grape like the Cluster Grape of England not yet so ripe as the other but they tell me when ripe sweeter and that they only want skilful Vinerous to make good use of them Here are also Peaches and very good and in great quantities not an Indian Plantation without them but whether naturally here at first I know not however one may have them by Bushels for little they make a pleasant Drink and I think not inferior to any Peach you have in England except the true Newington VI. The Artificial produce of the Country is Wheat Barley Oats Rye Pease Beans Squashes Pumkins Water-Melons Musk-Melons and all Herbs and Roots that our Gardens in England usually bring forth VII of living Creatures Fish Fowl and the Beasts of the Woods here are divers sorts some for Food and Profit and some for Profit only VIII We have no want of Horses and some are very good and shapely enough two Ships have been freighted to Barbadoes with Horses and Pipe-staves since my coming in Here is also plenty of Cow-Cattel and some Sheep the People plow mostly with Oxen. IX There are divers Plants that only not the Indians tells us but we have had occasion to prove by Swellings Burnings Cuts c. that they are of great Virtue suddenly curing the Patient And for smell I have observed several especially one the wild Mirtle the other I know not what to call but are most fragrant X. The Woods are adorned with lovely Flowers for Colour Greatness Figure and Variety I have seen the Gardens of London best stored with that sort of Beauty but think they may be improved by our Woods XI The first Planters in these parts were the Dutch and soon after them the Sweeds and Finns The Dutch applied themselves to Traffick the Sweeds and Finns to Husbandry XII The Dutch inhabit mostly those parts of the Province that lie upon or near to the Bay and the Sweeds the Freshes of the River Delaware As they are People proper and strong of Body so they have fine Children and almost every House full rare to find one of them without three or four Boys and as many Girls some six seven and eight Sons And I must do that right I see few young Men more sober and laborious XIII The Dutch have a Meeting-place for Religious Worship at New Castle and the Sweeds three one at Christiana one at Tenecum and one at Wicoco within half a Mile of this Town XIV The Country lieth bounded on the East by the River and Bay of Delaware and Eastern Sea it hath the advantage of many Creeks or Rivers rather that run into the main River or Bay some Navigable for great Ships some for small Craft Those of most Eminency are Christiana Brandywine Skillpot and Skulkill any one of which have room to lay up the Royal Navy of England there being from four to eight Fathom Water XV. The lesser Creeks or Rivers yet convenient for Sloops and Ketches of good burthen are Lewis Mespilion Cedar Dover Cranbrook Feversham and Georges below and Chichester Chester Toacawny Pemmapecka Portquessin Neshimenek and Pennberry in the Freshes many lesser that admit Boats and Shallops Our People are most setled upon the upper Rivers which are pleasant and sweet and generally bounded with good Land. The planted part of the Province and Territories is cast into six Counties Philadelphia Buckingham Chester New Castle Kent and Sussex containing about four thousand Souls Two General Assemblies have been held and with such Concord and Dispatch that they sate but three Weeks and at least seventy Laws were past without one Dissent in any material thing And for the well Government of the said Counties Courts of Justice are estabisht in every County with proper Officers as Justices Sheriffs Clarks Constables c. which Courts are held every two Months But to prevent Law Suits there are three Peace-makers chosen by each County-Court in the nature of Common Arbitrators to hear differences betwixt Man and Man and Spring and Fall there is an Orphans Court in each County to inspect and regulate the Affairs of Orphans and Widows XVI Philadelphia the expectation of those that are concerned in this Province is at last laid out to the great content of those here that are any ways interested therein The Situation is a Neck of Land and lieth between two Navigable Rivers Delaware and Skulkill whereby it hath two Fronts upon the Water each a Mile and two from River to River Delaware is a glorious River but the Skulkill being an hundred Miles Boatable above the Falls and its course North-East toward the Fountain of Susquahannab that tends to the heart of the Province and both sides our own it is like to be a great part of the settlement of this Age. But this I will say for the good Providence of God that of all the many places I have seen in the World I remember not one better seared so that it seems to me to have been appointed for a Town whether we regard the Rivers or the conveniency of the Coves Docks Springs the loftiness and soundness of the Land and the Air held by the People of these parts to be very good Of West New Jarsey THIS Province of West Jarsey with that call'd East Jarsey among other Tracts of Lands and Territories was granted by the late King to the present King James the Second when Duke of York and to his Heirs and Assigns for ever who granted the whole Premises entire unto John Lord Berkley and Sir George Carteret to be holden in common And the Lord Berkley being minded to dispose of his Moiety or half part Edward Byllynge bought the same of him Whereupon that each Party might hold their Country in severalty it was mutually agreed by Sir George Carteret
undertake it Of Canada or Nova Francia CAnada so called from the River Canada which hath its Fountains in the undiscovered parts of this Western Tract sometimes inlarging it self into greater Lakes and presently contracted into a narrow Chanel with many great windings and falls having embosomed almost all the rest of the Rivers After a known Eastern course of near fifteen hundred Miles it empties it self into the great Bay of St. Lawrence over against the Isle of Assumption being at the Mouth thirty Leagues in breadth and one hundred and fifty fathom deep On the Northside whereof the French following the Tract of the said Cabot made a further discovery of the said Northern parts by the Name of Nova Francia The Country is full of Stags Bears Hares Martins and Foxes store of Conies Fowl and Fish not very fruitful or fit for Tillage the Air more cold than in other Countries of the same Latitude The chief places are Brest Quebeck and Taduosac a safe but small Haven The French Trade here for Bever Mouse-skins and Furs and are said to be about five thousand what discoveries have been made of late years of the Southern parts of this Country may be seen in the Map of Florida c. Nova Scotia COntains that part of Land which the French call Accadie or Cadie being so much of the main Land as lieth between the River Canada and the large Bay called Bay Francoise from the River of St. Croix upon the West to the Isle of Assumption on the East first discovered by Sebastian Cabot who setting sail from Bristol at the charge of King Henry the Seventh made a discovery of it unto the Latitude of sixty seven and a half Which being neglected after this the French planted on the North-side of the River Canada And after that Monsieur du Monts settled on part of that Land called Nova Scotia but in the year 1613 was outed by Sir Samuel Argal And in the year 1621 King James by Letters Patents made a donation of it to Sir William Alexander afterwards Lord Secretary of Scotland calling it Nova Scotia in pursuance of which Grant he in the year 1622 sent a Colony thither And I am informed that it was after by Acts of Parliament annexed to the Crown and Kingdom of Scotland however I think the French have now a Colony at Port Royal and are the only possessors of that Country Of Newfoundland THIS was first discovered by the two Cabots John and his Son Sâ—bastian employed by King Henry the seventh 1497 the business laid aside was afterward revived by Thorn and Elliot two of Bristol who ascribed to themselves the discovery of it and animated King Henry unto the enterprise Anno 1527. In the mean time the French and Portugals resorted to it But the English would not relinquish their pretensions to the Primier Seisin and therefore in the year 1583 Sir Humphrey Gilbert took possession of it in the name of the Queen of England who being Shipwrack'd in his return the sending of a Colony was discontinued till the year 1608 when undertook by John Guy a Merchant of Bristol and in the year 1626 Sir George Calvert Knight then principal Secretary of State afterward Lord Baltimore obtained a Patent of part of Newfoundland which was erected into a Province and called Avalon where he caused a Plantation to be setled and a stately House and Fort to he built at Ferriland 'T is an Island for extent they say equalizing England from whence it is distant about five hundred and forty Leagues situate between the Degrees of forty five and fifty three Northern Latitude and is only severed from the Continent of America by an Arm of the Sea as England is from France It is famous for many excellent Bays and Harbors it hath great plenty of Fish Land and Water Fowl and is sufficiently stockt with Deers Hares Otters and Foxes which yield great Fur it affords stately Trees fit for Timber Masts Planks and other uses The Soil is esteemed fertile the Climate wholsom but the rigor of Winter and excessive Heats of Summer much detract from its praise Before the Island at the distance of twenty Leagues from the Raze lieth a long Bank or Ridge of Ground extending in length about two hundred and forty Leagues in breadth in the broadest place about five and twenty Leagues by Cabot called Bacalaos from the great multitude of Codfish which swarmed there so numerous that they hindred the passage of the Ships and is now called the Grand Bank where our Ships salt and dry their Fish There is no part of Newfoundland more happy for multiplicity of excellent Bays and Harbors than the Province of Avalon and there are vast quantities of Fish yearly caught by the English at Ferriland and at the Bay of Bulls though the whole Coast affords infinite plenty of Cod and Poor John which is grown to a setled Trade and were the English diligent to inspect the advantage of setling Plantations upon the Isle and raising Fortifications for the security of the place they might ingross the whole Fishery Of ICE-LAND ICe Land or the antient Thule supposed by some to be as large as Ireland Our English Masters who have fished there many years give this Account of it That the most Southerly part of it called Ingulf foot is in the Latitude of sixty four Degrees and twenty five Minutes And the most Northerly part is Rag-point in the Latitude of sixty six Degrees and five Minutes whereas our Maps as also the Great Atlas makes the Island above eighty eight Degrees of Nothern Latitude which gross mistake is refuted not only by Observation but also by the Suns continuance two hours above the Horizon in the middle of December in the most Northern part of the Island It is seated North Westerly from the North of Scotland viz. from the Start or Head Land of Orkney to the S. W. Head of Fero is fifty five Leagues and from thence to Ingulf-foot is eighty five Leagues more It hath four remarkable Mountains in it of which Hecla is the most famous which burns continually with a Blew Brimstone-like and most dreadful Flame vomiting up vast quantities of Brimstone and that when it burns with greatest vehemency it makes a terrible rumbling like the noise of loud Thunder and a fearful Crackling and Tearing that may be heard a great way off See more of this in Martineres Northern Voyage page 134. In the Philosophical Transaction Number 103 Dr. Paul Biornonius Resident informs us That it abounds with hot Springs of which some are so Hot that in a quarter of an hours time they will sufficiently boil a piece of Beef Arugreim Jonas tell us It was inhabited by the Norwegians Anno 874 afterwards by the Danes under whose Government and Religion it now is The Island is well peopled but they live only in the Vallies and towards the Sea-shore Their Dwellings are rather Caves than Houses The Inhabitants are said to be a Lusty