inferiour Captains and little Parties But when King Philip fearing the danger had sent Velasco as we before mention'd from Millayn which he then govern'd to Burgundy with Ten Thousand Foot and fifteen hundred Horse that strength of the Enemy first brought thither Biron and after that the King himself In many light and accidental Skirmishes of Horse the French went off Victor And Velasco avoided a Pitch'd-Battel desiring to preserve the Towns In the Dutchy of Burgundy King Henry subjected to his Power the City of Dijon which in the last Civil War of France follow'd the Guisian Faction then headed by the Duke de Mayn to whom there was nothing left Fortified in that Dukedom but Chalons sur la Saone But when he began to prosecute his Victory into the Bounds of the County or Earldom the Switzers interceded him to respite his Fury because being bound at that time by Leagues to the House of Austria they were obliged to resist all Force that should be offer'd either to the Government of Millain of the County of Burgundy Whereupon King Henry took occasion by means of a Truce to withdraw his Army without any dishonour he himself being even tyred out with the Controversie and the thing it self contended for not being worth so many lives And also being sollicited by Cambray he marched that way when a sorrowful Messenger met him with the News of the loss of the City Therefore he accused his Allies That he himself being employ'd in Wars at so great a distance they had betrayed to the Enemy the Confines both of France and the Netherlands That they gave him other hopes that his Borders should not be left destitute of Aid else why should he so often have refused Conditions of Peace when offered to him And if they repented them of their League that he was yet ready to agree with the Spaniard The Hollanders excused themselves to these Taunts with the necessities of that year and furnished the King with Corn and Money and two Regiments of men the one of Scots the other of Zelanders under the Leading of Justine of Nassau wherewith being well Recruited he fell into Vermandois and careful that where he had now begun the Enemy might not break further into the Bowels of the Country the people of Soissons being subdued he shut up Fayer with a difficult and Winter-Siege But by how much the States more earnestly endeavour'd to please the King by so much more grievously they offended Queen Elizabeth for King Henry's prosperity in stead of pity had renewed in the English Nation their old Envy and the Queen was incensed with the difference of his Religion especiall for that she knew what Laws and how dangerous to the Protestants the Pope had prescribed to King Henry for the obtaining his Peace And this was the Reason that lately before upon his desiring of her four Regiments of men for whose Pay the City of Paris should ingage their Credit The Queen answer'd That it was an inconsiderate Desire proceeding from his Youth to request her to denude her Kingdom which was â—â—â—ed at by so many Treasons yet if he would deliver to her Diope Bulloin and Calais she would furnish him with some Souldiers This gave suspition to the French and besides there was added that lately in Bretaign a Province of France the English were unworthily Treated nor could be admitted to such places as they desired the Actions of their Predecessors being objected against them But Queen Elizabeth sent Letters to the Hollanders and one Thomas Budleigh objecting to them with much Regret the Aid they sent to France saying They could not want her help who could so freely gratifie others Whereto the States made this Answer That they did it not out of any ambitious counsel but meer necessity that the Enemy being drawn into many places at once they might weary him out of breath and themselves get a breathing space for they were as it were forced in regard the Queen sent Pay onely for six hundred Foot and two hundred Horse which were in the Camp where as six thousand Foot and a thousand Horse of the League required the 〈◊〉 She on the other side replyed That although this was continued within the League that at the end of the War whatever was disbursed should be repaid yet she desired very earnestly payment of what she had laid out at leastwise that they would pay for some part thereof at the present and she would take the rest by Annual Portions Adding withall Threats That if she were not obeyed herein that she should take such course as her Lenity 〈◊〉 not use to be acquainted with To these the States after the return of many Thanks Desired the Queen to cast an Eye upon the present times to observe that the War was very burthensom to them and not wholly so successful as was hoped And that of late the enlargment of their Bounds had little increased their Tributes but much augmented their trouble and charge in the defence That their Merchandizing and Fishing Trade upon which two onely they lived that was spoiled by the detention of their Ships in Spain and this oftentimes the Injuries of the English and the Dunkirkers Pyraous much impaired and the Sea also had done them very great damages by Innundations Over all which if they should now be forced to repay to England the Money due and also the Queen should openly fly from the Covenants of the League the French already beginning to stagger It was with great reason to be feared that the insinuating Designs of the Enemy and the Allurements of a dangerous Peace would prevail with the people But it was not to be avoided however but that the States must pay with their own Money the English Souldiers that lay not in the Towns put to Pledg to the Queen While these things were arguing between them some new Endeavours of the Enemy brought the Queen to be more mild towards these her Allies For the Spaniards out of French Bretaign had fallen into Cornwal wasting the Country and carrying away great Booty together with some honourable persons and also they began in the open Face of the World to assist the Rebellion in Ireland which Country was from all Antiquity possessed by many Petty Princes Natives thereof Of whom Dermack the Son of Munhard the most Potent was despoiled of his Dominion for many Acts of Tyranny by him committed Whereupon he got to him for his Son-in-law and Assistant Richard Earl of Pembrook who making War there in Ireland very successfully was recalled by an Edict of Henry the Second King of England and compell'd to transfer all his Right and hope of Principality to the King who himself in defence of hir new Acquisition went into Ireland with a great Army and made some of the Lords by Force others by Treaties and Promises to acknowledge his Authority as Supream But such was the blindness and simplicity of that Age that it was believed a great support
of future Right and Jurisdiction if the Pope's Authority and Consent were obtained and he who never bestowed gratis upon any man so much as words gave to the Kings of England the Dominion of Ireland but so as he should be a Feodary of the Church and pay to the same a certain Tribute But the following Kings refused to make any such Payment pretending That the Peers of the Kingdom of England had never consented to it At last King Henry the Eighth despising the Name of Lord for till then the Kings of England were onely call'd Lords of Ireland first took to himself the most Noble Title of King by his own power assuming that Honour which his Daughter Queen Mary afterwards chose rather to receive from the Pope But although Ireland where it is most civiliz'd hath by little and little learn'd to receive and indure both the English Laws and Governours yet it remain'd in other parts which are fuller of Woods and Bogs a Lover of its pristine and Natural Liberty For by that Name the Licentiousness almost of all which in other places is forbidden was called Among the rest the Family of Oneal is very eminent of which one first challeng'd the Principality of Ulster and soon after of all Ireland These Irish under such a Head gather'd Courage especially because England was at that time miserably torn by the Bloudy Dissentions of the two Royal Families of York and Lancaster But Henry the Eighth ruling peaceably yet with a severe Hand compelled the Heir of that Stock intitled Con Oneal to abjure the Name and Title of Oneal which was presently swallow'd up in the Honour and Dignity of the Earl of Tyrone Some believed that Matthew was Son to this Man but others suppose the same Matthew to be the Son of a Black-Smith But his Grand-Father Con exceedingly loved his Wife and therefore suffer'd to be obtruded upon him either a strange or an uncertain Issue This Man was slain by John who affirm'd himself the lawful Sonne of Con yet before his Murther had a Son call'd Hugh who was partly bred at Home partly in England and by the Favour of Queen Elizabeth had both the Earldom of Tyrone and whatever belonged to Con the afore-named John being kill'd in his Rebellion and all his Goods and Estate confiscated but under such Conditions as for the future took from him all possibility of doing a prejudice He was a Man very knowing in matters of War and being intrusted in many Affairs faithfully performed his Duty to the Queen until in the year 1588. when that most notable Spanish Fleet being beaten and scatter'd some of the Commanders therein with some Vessels were cast away upon the Coast of Ireland at which time holding private Conferences with him they stirred him up to recover the Right and Title of Oneal Yet however he might then fix his Resolution he discover'd no sign thereof at the present But others being risen in Arms mov'd thereto either out of Zeal to the Roman Religion or by the Injuries received from the English he a long time covering his Hostile Mind with the Veil of Obedience denied the guilt of any Crimes with no less Confidence than they were objected against him However without doubt it was a great failing in the English who would not when they might put into safe custody a man of so fierce a Nature whom they supposed guilty But he first casting into Prison the Children of John that he might not be impeded by any Domestick Quarrel and this year having heard that General John Norris a man famous in the Belgike War and then employ'd in French Bretaigne was called thence with the old Souldiers to appease the Irish Commotions put himself in the Head of the Rebels but yet not omitting with most humble words to desire peace and pardon throwing the cause of the Quarrel upon the cruelty of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland By this kind of Policy and by Truces he endeavour'd to protract the War until the Assistance promised from Spain might arrive And there his Devices and Intents were much forwarded by the Discords between Russel Deputy of Ireland and Norris who was appointed General of the War Their Enmity growing to that heightâ— that whatever seem'd fit to the one the other would not consent to because the first liked and for no other Reason But the Queen after the breaking forth of this Rebellion began a more fierce War Not for her Allies as before was pretended but for her own sake And therefore she sent out out Drake a person well known in the Western World with a great Fleet prepared partly at her own Charges and partly at the cost of private Men with hope to seize and take the Wealth gather'd together and laid up in Porto Ricco But the News of their coming being gotten thither before them all the Wealth being carryed thence more into the Land the Port it self was inclosed and stopp'd up by the Spaniards Wherefore Drake wasting all the other places of the Canaries going from thence to the American Streights he spoiled the Town of Nombre de Dios that lyes between two Seas where himself together with many of his men either by the untemperateness of the Air or with grief of mind that the Success of his Voyage answer'd not his Desires dyed About which time also another English-man Sir Walter Rawleigh Captain of the Queen's Guard entring the River Orenoco came to Guiana a place never conquer'd by the Spaniards of which he made a discovery from his own sight and knowledge But as to the Amazons and those whose Faces are in their Breast having onely been heard of but never seen he left the finding of them out to others I should deprive Posterity both Foreign and Domestick of the profitable and no less delightful part of the History if I should not set forth at large the Voyages at Sea whereby it is brought to pass That the Hollander's Felicity even in the midst of their Troubles hath not onely exceeded the happiness of others in peace but also of themselves For these being as it were born Sea-men have from thence raised the chief if not the sole support of their War not studying to divide the World or caring to be subject to the Bishop of Rome's Rules who hath ascribed to the Spaniard the greatest part of his Nature whereby under the Cloak of Religion he might oppress the Liberty of the whole World The antient Bounds of Merchandize and Trade for which these Nations through many Ages were famous besides a few Islands were two Narrow Straights and the Seas within them This Way towards the Sound That Way towards Hercules Pillars and the Islands of Gades There is between these a middle Coast of the Ocean where all the Profit arising to the Traders upon one side grows by their Selling or Battering the same on the other side for they the Dutch have a want of Corn nor indeed have plenty of any other
Philip took Care for his Daughter to whom he was about to give the Low-Countries as also for the Duke of Savoy Hereupon Areschot Mendosa and Aremberg went into France and Mareschal Biron was sent by the King to Bruxels to see Albertus take the Oath where the impotent Mind and Spirit of that great Souldier which was always beyond his Fortune was said to be corrupted into Treachery which afterwards more clearly appear'd All Things on both sides being thus done for the conclusion of the Peace which yet was repined at by some whose Valour and Hopes was nourished by other Mens Evils but all the Commons rejoyced at it not so much for that hereby much Christian Blood would be saved as for that the Law was restored to its power by which they should with security enjoy their Possessions reap the Rents and profits of their Lands and the Ways be all open for free Trading Then was the first day that France could boast of a solid Peace after it had been for 36 Years wasted with War and bathed in her own Blood then was restored to this most antient Kingdom its pristine Face of Beauty and all by the King's Care that the Governours and Magistrates being reduced to Order himself growing powerful by the Excuse of the Catholikes in regard of the Times that he might by Fear or Force compel the Professors of another Religion when in the interim the Netherlanders were left in Arms that they might not onely lose the Hopes of Peace but any interval or solace from their Neighbour's sufferings Yet the King sent back Mounsieur Buzanvale to the Hollanders by which Witness of his Friendship and secret Converse he might confirm his Peace even while there continued by publike Declaration a Forein War The business of France thus finish'd there was no less Experiment of Princely Alliance received out of England by the earnest Desire of Qu. Elizabeth which being related to the States by Sir Francis Vere when at the same time other Embassadors were sent to Albertus as if she would seem still to retain the hopes of Peace of which she said This had been the onely Delay hitherto that she desired to lay down Arms with the same Colleagues for whom at first she took them up And that nothing could be now demanded of her by the Hollanders but onely Right they having given the first cause of War it was necessary if it might be that an end should be put to it by them but if not that for the future they should give their Reasons for the continuance of it And certainly it would be a sufficient Cause for all Princes to envy and hate them that they have been and are the onely Obstructers of the Peace of Europe But God she hoped would not suffer that being deluded by ingrateful Determinations she should be a Pattern to Princes to abstain from helping such a People who bear no Reverence to their Superiours nor take care for Advantage Reputation or Safety of any but themselves The States now thought themselves at one blow almost overwhelmed both for their former and future Charge yet that the Name of an Alliance with England was of such benefit to them that they would submit to such Conditions as the Queen of England being their Superiour in strength would lay upon them Wherefore sending them who had been employ'd in both the former Embassies together with Andrew Ascel who had private Instructions which gave him power of Treating concerning the Monies due to her and concluding about the same even to the Sum of a Hundred Thousand Florens At this time there were divers occasions offer'd themselves to the Queen who already pretended great Fears whereby she was disswaded from War For James King of Scotland of whom Queen Elizabeth made no mention secretly claiming the Inheritance of the Crown Of England did not think himself able enough thereto unless he were supported by some Forein Help Not did there want some who pretending to have found some Letters written by King James that came to the Pope raised from thence great Hatred and Jealousies Moreover the Lord Burghley being grown very weak through Age and Diseases Beseeched her as she loved God to have regard to his dying Words whereby he advised Her That she would give Credit to him now going out of the World that she would without an inforcement of Necessity consult the good of her Kingdom and by the making of Peace in Earth merit the everlasting Peace of Heaven Nor did he omit to declare to her her ill Fortune in America and the fear that was conceived of the Irish Affairs affirming That the Belgick Wars were never to be ended by Conquest As soon as this man was dead and Essex for the avoiding of Envy declined to come to the Council-Table the Court soon appear'd empty of Care and Counsel in Defence of its own Right Whereto the States Embassadours being often admitted they excused themselves by reason of the Times for their not paying of the Queens old Debt due from them professing That as to what related to the Spanish Negotiation they did not intercede whereby the English if they pleased should be hindred more than the Dutch from making use of the Name of any People being in Peace unless they believed it more profitable to compass what they desire by Arms than by Commerce or Trading Neither did they desire but that the League made 18 years before when the Troubles of Antwerp affrighted the English no less than the Hollander yet never faithfully observed should so long after be changed into another form that it might now bind all those which before thought themselves free from the performance thereof Sometime was spent in debating and setling the Sum of the Debt for that the Engish reckon'd their Musters of Men and their Transportation and Wages too high while the other side averred those Musters to be untrue maintaining withall That several Naval Expeditions of the English had cost the Hollanders more than all the Money they ever borrow'd would make a Compensation for At last after Cautions entred it was agreed to the Sum of Fourscore Hundred Thousand Florens The one part of which should be paid by Three Hundred Thousand Florens Yearly during the War And at the end of the War if ought remain'd behind it should be paid by Twenty Thousand Florens Yearly The other moiety should be peaceably appointed when there was a Peace concluded and payment thereof made upon the Surrender of the cautionary Towns In the interim the English should continue their Garrisons therein to the number of One Thousand a hundred and fifty By this Reckoning also the States were to pay every Three Moneths Five Thousand and a Hundred Florens to the said Garrisons besides all other Necessaries fitting for the Souldiers And for the future the Queen's Promise of sending hem more Aid was remitted The English that were in the States Service already or hereafter should be Listed for their Service
lying Titles And whatsoever was related to them in Confession ought to be kept secret and to disclose the same was a sin although it tended either to the destruction of Prince or people and in pursuance hereof they named all manner of conferences among themselves Confessions It was not doubted but these hopes of Treason were nourished by the Spanish wealth and the rather because long since some Societies of English Jesuites were maintained by them purposely to disturb the Peace of that Kingdome But some that were knowing herein betraied all those forms of private counsells abroad lest they should still continue unknown but they that continued faithfull to Rome and Spain wanted no convenient supplies from thence upon all occasions And it was told to the Constable of Castile when he was Embassador in England that if the new King would not allow or suffer the Roman Religion he would find some ready to exact the same by force And the Archduke fomented jealousies and suspicions denying to deliver to King James requesting the same such English-men living in those parts with whom the Prisoners confessed they had participated counsells the chief of them being sent away into Spain Yet did not King James take that either as an affront or injury publishing by Proclamation that he was satisfied of the innocency of forein Princes in that business Nor did King Philip omit to congratulate his delivery from so great a danger by Don John de Mendosa both in countenance and serious forms of speech to that onely purpose made The Fifteenth BOOK of the History of the Dutch AFFAIRES THE Defence of Antwerp one of the principal Cities of the Netherlands the taking Towns so strongly fortified and carrying the Warre into the Enemie's Country while with less danger and more hope he might have fought elsewhere added very much to Spinola's honour and renown he being the first that seemed to put new life and courage into and to restore the fortune and discipline of that side which for fifteen years before had been decaying Therefore which way soever he went among the Netherlanders there were great exultations and applauses attended him and when he came into Spain as his custome was every year he was privately envied by the Lords but publickly and with great honour favoured by the King But the many actions of the former year had so drained the Treasury that by the emptiness thereof the present Counsels of the Warre were much retarded and he but slowly obtained pay for both his Armies refusing to undertake the charge of the Warre without it and if he had it boasting he had in a manner already obtained the Victory determining as before he had passed the Rhine so now he would goe over the Wael and the Yssell and so penetrate into the very bowels of the Hollanders Therefore he consented to help the King 's decayed credit with his own and his friends wealth which with what damage to himself it was done will be commemorated towards the end of the year On the other side the Vnited States long foreseeing the approaching evils which Armies are wont to draw along with them increasing their Forces that were at distance and they were infinitely vexed with the vast charges of the Garrisons resolved the following year to give way to that violence which they imagined would not endure long being content to defend their Borders until the fury thereof began to be asswaged Beside the new Levies intended were hindred in France by the Warre of Sedan and in Germany by the troubles of Brunswick Sedan is a City lying hard by the Maes in the confines of the French and Belgick Dominions and was a place of great concernment if at any time the Warre came towards those parts Of old it was possessed by the Family of Le Marque but Henry de Turre Viscount Turein marrying the Daughter and Heir of the Bulionian Family gained the inheritance of the Town and took the name of Bulion and although his Wife was dead retained it by virtue of her Testament but often undermined by the French greatness while the affairs of the House of Bourbon were yet but private He was reckoned among the chief Captains during the unsetled estate of that Kingdome But after the King had changed his Religion and for defence of the Kingdome new Taxes were found our which gave cause of complaint and the great multitude that professed the Reformed Religion had their eies chiefly upon Bulion he being famous in Warre and the frequent author of resolute counsels he was believed to have caused some commotions When he was called to answer his offence at the same time as Marshal Biron was put to death excusing himself against the violent animosities of his Enemies and challenging many of his suspected Judges he departed into Germany And the Prince Elector Palatine being asked that he would remember his Affinity for both of them had married Prince Maurice's Sisters sent some Embassadours to the King to appease his wrath but it little prevailed it being alwaies a thing detested by Kings to have forein Powers interpose themselves for the reconciling their differences Hereupon the matter was undertaken by Prince William's Widow and indeed the Woman's sollicitation proved most effectual but the King required the custody of Sedan as a pledge of his fidelity Bulion offered to deliver both the Town and Castle to the patronage of the Kingdome of France and for performance of that agreement consented that as well the Governour as the Souldiers therein should be bound by Oath and besides this he offered other things while yet he was not removed from the possession and in the interim prepared all things for enduring a War if he should be compelled thereto by necessity This boldness of his together with the potent Enemies which he had lately made himself and besides being a man greedy of honor and impatient to be excelled forced the King that marching out that Spring with a great Army he came with his Camp as far as the Maes Thus did this great King threaten with the fury of a destructive War not the Spaniard nor the Burgundian as heretofore but his old friend the Lord onely of one poor Town But a meanes being found to make Peace Bulion was redeemed from that imminent danger and the King freed from such an inglorious contest The King placed a Governor in Sedan for four years and at the end of that time the custody of the same was to be redelivered to Bulion By that agreement it was forbidden for any to inquire into his former actions and if hereafter he should change his allegiance the Townsmen swore they would chuse them another Prince This Peace being made he was restored to his wonted favor with the King who as he was easily angred so he was ready and free to pardon all men wondring to see him that lately was an Enemy now be at the King's elbow and inseparable from him both in his cares and recesses The
the States were possessed with fear and suspitions not without cause but he had a residence appointed for him at Delf where both his going in and out as all his actions were observed the reason and Author of which counsel he seemed by bis actions and carriage to approve for be invited Cornelius Arsen Secretary to the States to a private Conference who presaging to himself the intent of the Design goes to Prince Maurice from whom he is commanded That if any extraordinary graâ—ity were offered to take the same and withal to detect the Enemies Treachery When they met the Monk with great Eloquence gave him thanks That by his assistance some glimmerings of Peace had been attained for it is to be understood that when Naya came first among the Hollanders by the Mediation of one Craulen who was nearly related in bloud to Arsen he found the first access to him Afterwards he added That he was not ignorant how great danger Arsenius had hazarded by this Deed if the matter had not succeeded according to both their wishes a popular or Aristocratical Government being alwayes full of envy emulation and jealousy That the Archdukes did greatly love and highly esteem this his willing inclination to the Peace of the Netherlands and that as they would for the future give greater rewards so they would for the present restore to him the house which he formerly possessed in Bruxells and that the Marquess Spinola who was of the same mind and desire with them whether a Peace were concluded or only a Truce for nine years would promise to give him fifty thousand Scutes of which fifteen thousand should be forthwith paid to him where he would appoint and for the same produced a writing cautionary under the said Spinlaes hands Afterwards Naya in hit own name presented to Arsens Wife a Diamond of great value Arsen giving thanks for the house and seeming to believe himself obliged by the Covenant for the same when it should come to him from the City of Bruxells for a while refused the rest as too hardly pressing upon his fidelity yet at length he received both the Jewel and Spinola's writing and so departing he declared the whole matter to the Prince and the Prince again related the same to some few of the States The Prince supposing the matter fit to be concealed for a time refused the Custody of the Presents But soon after Arsen being sollicited by new Letters from Naya to come and receive his fifty thousand Scutes and fearing lest this doubtful and dangerous secret might break out to his disadvantage discovered the whole matter in all its circumstances to the Council of the States They appointed George Debes a man of exemplary fidelity and chief overseer of the common Treasury to keep both the Charter and Diamond yet could not Arsen by all this care escape the hatred of the vulgar who interpreting the common report of the business to the worst sense grew so enraged that he was compelled to set forth the truth of the matter in Print to prevent further mischief that might ensue About this time Admiral Hemskerks body was brought to Amsterdam where it was received with high honour and applause and with no less grief and sorrow because having been the Author of so great a Victory his Countrey was believed to have received the greater prejudice in his loss to him then first of all was publickly given a Funeral and a Monument with an Inscription testifying with great honor and eloquence the famous Actions by him done After which they sent to the King of Great Brittain desirous to dive more narrowly into the Affairs of Holland John Berken an assistant to the Magistrates of Dort and Jacob Maleree a man in principal esteem in the Senate of Zeland these set before him the present strength and charge of the Commonwealth and how much the Treasury was judged unable both by the Prince and Senate to maintain the War in any hopeful condition These were very gently received by King James who promised to take a special care of the Affairs of his Allyes for he well understood That by the Hollanders Arms as well his own as the Peace of Ireland was defended And no less did he foresee how unfit he was to perswade to War who till that time had never given any supply of mony towards it which was the greatest want of that War nor had at the present any to help them with Not long after there came from him to the Hague Richard Spencer of an honourable Family in England and Ralf Winwood then returning out of Brittain but otherwise Leiger Ambassador for the King with the States In the intetim Spinola by Letters sent to the States signifying the King of Spains confirmation of the Archdukes Covenants and desires a safe conduct for Don Lewis Verreike Albertus his Secretary who should bring the Instrument and declare other things relating to the matter which being granted and He come immediately the Spanish subtilties appeared for the words of the Covenants were not confirmed by the Kings Authority according to the Custome of a just League but the Charters were written in the French Tongue which is generally spoken by the Duth Nobility bore date the eighth of May and brought to them the first of June which were subscribed by the King in no other manner then he used to do towards his Subjects and so confirmed That he promised the Cessation of Arms should be ratified calling Albertus and Isabella Princes and Lords of the Netherlands but in the interim by no word Himself acknowledged the Liberty of the States according as was desired nay more in the very foremost Covenant of Albertus the words that declared their Liberty were totally left out which Verreike called by a ridiculous pretext the Writers neglect When he sent word to Bruxells of that objection the Archdukes said nothing only John Richardot the chief of the Cabinet Counsel answered That the States mistook the words for so long as King Philip rejected none of the Covenants they ought to believe that He approved all And although though the Archdukes might protest the performance of all things they had promised yet that their candor and benignity might be the more evident they sent back again into Spain for the mending of those things that were found fault with And the States did not delay to recal their Fleet out of Spain left while they professed to be desirous of Peace their Actions should go rancounter to their words But about this time arose many hot disputes among the United Provinces many furiously crying out That they were publickly deluded by the Spaniard who for the better concealing their Treacheries had only made an empty offer of Liberty but now their deceitful dealing bring manifest he would only endeavour this one thing to denude them cunningly of their Arms. Besides the Enemy was said to be preparing a Fleet both in Spain and Flanders the danger whereof was the more
tryal and privately beheaded 710 711 Elizabeth Queen her Death and Character 737 738 739 740 Emperor sends to the United States complaining of their intrusion upon his Authority with their answer therâ—to 748 749 English and French quarrel in Gertruydenberg 753 England and Scotland named Brittain 779 Emperor and others send Legates to the United States concerning a Treaty and their answer thereto 786 787 English and Hollanders difference between them and for what 794 795 English first come into the Indies and under whose Conduct 852 858 Europe a discription of many passages there transacted in the several parts thereof 858 859 Erkelen taken by Henry of Nassau 863 English and Hollanders joyntly send out Ships aâ— the Indies 869 England King thereof desired to assist to the making peace between Holland and Spain so also are divers others 892 Emperor Letters from him to the States and the purport thereof with their Answer to the same 904 905 Letters from the same to King Philip and the Arch-Dukes with their Answer wherein is set forth the Emperors pretence to be invalid 905 906 907 908 Embden troubles there between whom and how composed 910 911 Europe a short Relation of some European transactions 912 913 914 England a League concluded betwixt it and Holland 926 Embassadors move the States to a Truce and the reason why 932 The same disputed in Books 932 933 944 945 Embassadors of the Kings draw a League for a Truce the form thereof 940 F. FAction in the Netherlands after Philips departure about the Regency and between whom 21. 24. 92 93. 96. 100 French Forces intercepted in their march by the Spaniards 64 Frizeland the Towns thereof left to the fury of the Spaniards 65 France Henry King of France privately ayds the Hollanders 80. 151 Frizeland rebels against the Spaniard and imprison their Governour 85 Francis of Valois sued to and chosen Governour of the Netherlandâ— 91. 94 95. 121. 123 124 125 He is recommended by Margaret of Valois 92 Frizeland Reneberg Governour thereof to whom Campen and Deventer were soon after yielded 94 Francis of Valois comes to Bingen which he wins by storm and siege 101 Offended with Casimires success at Gaunt he departs to England 102. 124 Frizeland Renneberg revolts to the Spaniard and delivers Groningen to them 117 Francis of Valois brings ayd to the States for the relief of Cambray 123 Treats of Marriage with the English Queen 124 The Articles upon which he undertook the Government 125 Expects succour from his Brother the French King but in vain and why 129 Whereupon he falls upon dangerous Counsels and Design what they were how effected and how frustrated 129 130 131 He treats with the Hollanders departs into France and dyes 134 135 French hated by the Hollanders and why 136 Frizeland William of Nassau made Governour there 146 The Form of Government there 146 147 377 378 France French King chosen Defender of the Netherlands and why 151 152 Factions divers in Holland and for what and among whom 187 188 French King assisted by the English and Hollander 241 French and Low-Country troubles compared 242 Falcosteyne Count slain 263 Frizons desire ayd of Prince Maurice who thereupon makes an expedition into Frizeland 268 269 French King wounded 283 Famarsh General of the Ordinance to the States killed 293 Fontayne sent by Philip to govern the Netherlands his Character 298 299. 366 He is the Authour of a cruel sentence and what it was and the effects thereof 303 304 305 306 He is President of the Senate 366 His care and diligence 385 386 Ferte a Town in France besieged is relieved and ungarrisoned 386 Fayer besieged by the French King 400. 433 At last is won by Famine 427 Franecre an University in Frizeland when begun 465 French invade Artois and overthrow Varembonius taking prisoner Count Montecuculi 468 Frizeland wasted by Frederic Count Heremberg 511 French King sends an Embassador to England and for what with the Queens Answer thereto 527 528 Frizeland a Resation of new troubles arising there the cause thereof and settlement of the same 580 581 582 Falcosteyne Count Viricus treacherously murthered and by whom 607 608 Forces new raised in several places and by whom 629 630 752 Fortunate Islands their description and the assault thereof by the Dutch 641 642 ad 644 Quitted again by them 648 Frizeland new troubles there and for what and how composed 662.735 736 746 747 Flanders War transmitted thither and why 664 Another expedition thither 696 697 Henry of Nassau Governour thereof 774 French and Spaniard difference between them and for what 780 781 Frizeland terrified at Spinola's approach 804 805 France Embassadors come thence to the Hollanders who they were and their instructions 890 891 French and Hollanders make a League and what 914 915 French Colony in America comes to nothing and why 964 G. GRanvell Anthony Pereâ—et Granvell his Extract Character Honour and Greatness in the Court of the Emperour Charles and Philip. 21 His diligence and Industry in managing the Government and for what 23 He is Commanded to depart the Netherlands and go into Burgandy from whence he went to Rome 28 Gheuse the first Original of that name 34 Germanes ayd the Prince of Aurange 53 Guise the Guisian faction prevalent in France and the effect thereof 64 Geneva Discipline received in Holland Tenents thereof 71 72 Geeretruydenberg taken by the Hollanders 73 Gaunt a Peace concluded there between whom and the heads thereof 84 This Peace confirmed at Bruxels 85 A great Sedition in Gaunt 97 98 Appeased by the Prince of Aurange 104 It consents to the League of Union 110 Groningen besieged for the States by Entes but Relieved by Schencke 118 Gaunt People there deny passage to Birons Army and why 135 The Town delivered to Parma upon teâ—rms and what they were 148 149 Grave besieged by Parma relieved by Hohenlo yet cowardly surrendred to him 170 For which the Governour afterward put to death 171 Geeretruydenberg sold and delivered to the Spaniard and the pretences for the same and by whom 224 225 226 227 228 Guise Duke slain 240 Groenigen straitned by Count William of Nassau Governour of Frizeland 243 Germanes threaten revenge for the wasting of their Borders 255 344 345 Parma's Answer and the States Answer to the same 256 257 258 Groening beleaguered by Prince Maurice 269 The Citizens waver in their affection 270 Send Letters to Count Mansfeldt and an Embassie to the Emperour 284 285 Geeretruydenberg besieged by Prince Maurice with a description of the place 306 307 ad 314 A description of the Princes Camp before the Town 308 309 310 The Town delivered to him 314 Groningers send to Ernestus for ayd 326 The description of the City of Groening Territory 328 ad 332 The Siege thereof 328 332 333 ad 337 The surrender thereof to the States and they receiving a Garrison from Prince Maurice as also Count William of Nassau for their Governour 337 Groll
besieged by Prince Maurice 390.513 Relieved and the Siege raised by Mondragonio 391 Guiana discovered by Sir Walter Rawleigh 405 Germanes seiz Heredtalls from the Arch-Duke and why 469 Grâ—viwaert attempted by the Spaniards but in vain 487 488 Groening difference between the Citizens and Boors and about what and how setled 489 490 Groll delivered to the Prince 514 Germany a description thereof both antient and modern 587 58â— ad 592 5â—9 Expedition thence intended and whither but hindered and by whom 621 622 Gravewaert beset by Mendosa but in vain 624 Strengthned by Prince Maurice 625 Germanes raise a great Army and for what 633 634 They besiege â—ercke reduce Rees yet at last come to nothing and why 634 635 636 63â— Grobdendouc The Fight between him and Breautee 657 658 Groningen grows mutinous but reduced to order by Count William and a Castle built over them 661 662 Grave besieged by Prince Maurice 720 721 Endeavoured to be relieved by Mendosa but in vain whereupon iâ— was surrendered 722 It is beat to the Hochstrateners and upon what Termes 759 Geletre attempted by Prince Maurice 813 Gunpowder-Treason the description and discovery thereof ow reâ—â— by whom 819 820 821 Groll besieged by Spinola and taken 838 839 Besieged a new by Prince Maurice 844 The Siege raised by Spinola 845 Groeningen the Castle there demolished 867 868 Germanes their desires 915 Giron Don Ferdinando sent Embassador into Brittain and for what 930 Germany great troubles there and whenâ—â— arising and how composed 966 967. H. HOrn Mommorency Count Horn his extract and Character valor fear of the Spaniard apprehension by Alva and lamentable death 13.47.48 He retreats home 4â— Hollanders rebel against Alva in Utrecht Flushing and other places 62 Holland and Zeland continue in Arms. 66 The Description of both those Countries 66.67.68 Harlem besieged and taken by Alva 73 Henalt the Towns there receive Francis of Valois as their Governour 101 Holland the Commonwealth there faulty in its constitution and wherein and why 114 Hobenlo Count his men overthrown by Renneburg 118 Hollanders by advice resolve to throw off King Philip and the reasons for the same 119.120 Which they afterwards effect 122 Hog a base fellow so called troubles Holland 136 He is punished for the same 137 Heremberg William revolts to the Spanyard 138 Hollanders their valor and courage admirable and wherein 147 Their sad condition after the Prince of Aurange's death 150 Hohenlo Count withstands the Earl of Leicester and why and for what 170 Holland enriched by the war Brabant and Flanders undone 180 Howard Earl of Notting ham Admiral of England 209 Hâ—w Castle yielded to Parma by Sidenberg 230 Henry the third King of France slain and by whom 240 Henry of Bourbon succeeded but with great trouble 240 Hulst delivered to Prince Maurice 274 Hollanders their ships wracked by a storm 320 Henry King of France reconciled to the Church of Rome and why and the event thereof 322.323.324 Hartiusâ—â—bo â—â—bo and Jerome Comannus come from Bruxels to the Hague and for what 337.338.339 Henry King of France stabbed and by whom 342 Hollanders and English joyn their Fleets after some contests 346 They send aid to the French King 346.347 Henry King of France sets out an Edict against King Philip and why 348 Hollanders troops return out of France 349.385 They suffer much by inundations 355.524 Hoye a Town of Leige surprised by the States 361.362 Besieged and retaken by the Bishop of Leige 363.361 Henry King of France invades Burgundy 36â— Hohenlo Count Philip solemnly marryed and to whom 374 375 Hanes â—aâ— on and the relation thereof 387.388 Henry Count Heremberg taken Prisoner 396 Henry King of Francâ— accuseth his Allyes and for what with their excuses and answers 399 4â—0 Henry the 〈◊〉 of England first King of Ireland 400 Hollanders a brief relation of some Sea-Voyages whereby the United States Wealth was much encreased 405.406 ad 420 Henry besieged by Albertus a description of the Town 428.429 ad 443 The valor and constancy of the besieged 43â— 43â— The Town delivered upon Articles to him 443 Whereat the Hollanders and Zelanders displeased as also with Count 〈◊〉 and why 443 Henry King of France sends Embassadors to Queen Eliz. and who and for what 457 4â—â— Hollanders relation of a third Sea-Voyage made by them to the North to their great profâ— 471.472 ad 4â—â— Hâ—â—â— Matthias slain and by whom 488 Hâ—â—a Anna buried alive at Bruxells and for what 4â—â— Hollanders resolve to clear Over-Issâ—l of the Enemy and their 〈◊〉 thereby 50â— Henry Frederick Prince Mauricesâ—rother â—rother first comes into the War 505 506. Hollanders their thoughts of the Peace between France and Spain and offers to hinder the same 52â— They forbid Traffick with Spain and why 531 Are very unsuccessful and wherein 534 Increase their Wealth much by Traffiquing at Sea and into what parts they use to go 538.539 They are troubled with Pyrats against which they provide remedy and what 541.542 They send Embassadors to France and England for what and who they were 545 The Holland Embassadors speech to Queen Elizabeth against a Pacification with Spain together with the Queens Answer thereto 546.547.548.549.550.551.552.553 Henry King of France Divorced from his wife falls in love with one Estraea and the trouble ensuing thereon 553.554.693 Holland Embassadors Speech to him and his answer to the same 554.555.556 Hollanders Treat with Queen Elizabeth about the payment or the money lent by her to them and the sum agreed and how to be re-paid and a League concluded 560.561.562 Hâ—lle a Town in Henalt famous for Miracles 573 Herembâ—rg Count wasts the Countrey by the Eems and why 597 Hollanders desire to fight with the Spaniards 630 Their Seamen taken and imprisoned in Spain and why 638 They forbid all Traffique with Spain and why 639.640 Set forth a great Fleet to Sea and for what 640 It is divided and part sent home 644 They scour the Sea of Pyrats 691 Henry King of France marryed to Maâ—y Medices 693 Hochstraten surprised by some seditious Spaniards where they settle a new form of Discipline Military 723 Hochstrateners desire aid of the Hollanders which is granted and upon what terms and this made Albertus prescribe them 724.725.752 Hollanders Wealth much increased by the Trade of the Indies 728 They make a League with the people of Banda and the heads thereof 729.730 Several other Leagues with other Indians 731.732.733 849 Their desires to King James and his grants thereupon 743.744 Hochstrateners their strict Discipline 752 They are besieged by Count Herembâ—rg and relieved by Prince Maurice 753 They Forage the Countrey and take many places 766.767 Are reconciled to the Archdukes and upon what terms 772 Hauteen William Admiral of Zeland meâ—ts the Spaniards at Sea and overcomes them 793.794 Made Admiral of a Fleet of Hollanders to intercept the American Fleet and the success thereof 829 830 Hochstraten seized by some seditious Spaniards that desire aid of the Hollanders
which is granted and upon what terms 843.844 Hautcea sent out with a Fleet to intercept the Spanish ships coming out of America and the success thereof 846 Hohenlo Philip his death and character 856 Hollanders averse to Peace 865 Hague Herman Wittenhorsten comes thither from the Archdukes concerning Peace 866 Hollanders averse to Peace and why 876 Obtain a famous Victory at Sea under the command of Jacob Hemskerk at the straights of Gibralter 881.882.883 ad 888 A description of Hercules Pillars 883.884 Hemskerk Jacob Dutch Admiral his speech to the Captains of his Fleet. 884.885 He is killed and his speech at his death 886 Holland Fleet retires to Tituan to repair their ships where they are received with joy 889 Hollanders recal their Fleet from Spain and why 892.896.897 Send Deputies to the King of Britain and for what and his answer to them 894.895 â—â—gue the place appointed for the Treaty 900 Hollanders take a great booty from the Spaniards and how 908.909 I. INquisition the Spanish Inquisition the Original cause and severity thereof one cause of the Dutch troubles 17.18.31 Command sent from Spain to put the same anew in execution 30 Received in the Netherlands and by whom 55 John Don John of Austria sent Governor into the Netherlands his Character 86 He is received by the Netherlanders 86 Accused by them to the King 87 Overthrows the Dutch Army at Gemblin 91 Offers the Confederates Articles of Peace 91 Imbis a great Incendiary at Gaunt his character and death 97.142 John Don John perswaded to Peace and by whom but in vain 99 His Army is recruited he breaks off the Treaty and pitcheth his Army near Namur 100 His death and character 102 103 Imbâ—s moves a new sedition in Gaunt 104.138 Ipre a Town joyns with the United Provinces 110 Issel a City submits to Parma 111 Ipre besieged by Parma 140 It is surrendred to him 142 Issel the derivation of the name 329 Iesuits hated in France and why banished 342 The original description and character of that order 342.343.344 Ireland Rebels there assisted by the Spaniards with a short description of the Countrey 402.403 First invaded by the English under Richard Earl of Pembroke 402 Beginning of a Rebellion there and by whom 403.404 Indies Holland ships first return thence with a description of the Countrey by them made 502.503 Isabella Clara Eugenia betrothed to Albertus and why 529 She writes to Albertus to take possession of the Netherlands which he doth privately 566.567 Iselburg forceably taken by Mendosa 611 Isabella sets an Edict out against the Hollanders and to what purpose 638.639 Isabella Fort besieged by Prince Maurice 687 Indian Company first rise thereof in Holland and the form of ordering the same 733 734 James King of Scotland Successor to Queen Elizabeth in the Throne of England and Proclaimed King 740.741 An Embassy sent to him by the United States and the Embassadors Speech to him with his Answer 741.742.743 Embassadors come to him from the King of Spain and the Archdukes 743 Indian Company send ships to Sea and whither 764.816 848. James King other Embassadors sent to him from the King of Spain and the Archdukes 777 Jesuits banished out of Britain and why but restored in France 780 Indies several ships return thence very rich 815 816 847 A Description of some part thereof 848.849 ad 856 Indian Company confirmed by Edict of the States 856 Indies West a new Company for those parts raised in Holland the Form and Government thereof 870.871 872 Several Opinions thereof 873 874.875 James King sends Embassadors to the Hague who they were and what they did 895 Indies ships come home thence rich and others sent thither 910 Janinus goes into France and for what 929 His Speech in the Councel of the States 941 942.943 K. KNights of the Golden Fleece the Original thereof and causes of their Institution 5â—6 Drawn into Parties and for what and when and by whom 24 King the Presence of the King necessary in the Netherlands to keep the Peace as the Emperor Charls was sensible 42.43 Knodsenburg Fort built and by whom 253 Knodsenburg besieged by the Duke of Parma 270 Relieved by Prince Maurice and the Duke of Parma's men worsted in sight 272.273 L. LOw Countreyes the antient situation and limits the original language Dukes Earls and how they attained and hereditary Succession 3.4 The antient form of its Government untill they fell to the Burganâ—â—ans and after that to the house of Austria 5. â— Liberty chiefly and first sollicited for at Philips departure 22 League between Philip the second of Spain and Henry the third of France and the effect thereof 30 Divers Lords of the Netherlands against the Inquisition and by whom drawn up and when 33 Lutherans formidable in the Netherlands and why 36 Law utterly laid aside and an Arbitrary Power set up and by whom 56.57 Lumey Admiral of the Prince of Aurange's Fleet his character 60.61 Luyden besieged beats off the Enemy 77.78 Lamot Philip reconciled to the King by the surrender of Gravelin draws in many others 105 Lyra won treacherously by Parma 127 Lâ—chem siege thereof raised and why 128 Lorrain Family of Lorraign claims the Crown of France which much troubles the King 152 153 League with England the heads thereof 164 Leicester Earl sent General into Holland his character 165 Much honoured at first by all and why 166 167.176 He grows ambitious and raises Factions 167.168.175.176 He takes ill the meetings of the States and why 174 And returns to England 17â— He comes back to Ostend for the relief of Sluys but marches thence and doth nothing 180.181 He renews the old factions in Holland 181 Endeavors to seize the Government but is prevented 182 He returns to England is forced to abjure his Authority and dyes 183 â—eban the place of meeting the Spanish Fleet. 207 Besieged by the English and Hollanders 239 Leige Bishopric is difference between is and the Hollanders and for what 259.260 Lopeâ— Lodewick his Treason against Queen Elizabeth and by whom 〈◊〉 341.342 Lutzenburg wasted by the French 360 361 Lâ—ere taken by Heraugier and lost again presently 397 398 Leyden in Holland and University when begun and 〈◊〉 Learned Men bred there 464.465.466.467 Lingen Besieged by Prince Maurice 520 521 And delivered together with the Castle â—â—2 Lisbone beset by the Earl of Cumberland with a Fleet and the success thereof 541 Lovestreyn a City that first threw off slavery 626 Lingen Besieged by Spinola and yielded 801 802 803 Lochem Besieged by Spinola and taken 836 Retaken by Count Ernest of Nassau 844 Lipsius Justus his Death and Character 857 Luther his Opinions 951 M. MOntiny John Count Horn's Brother and the Marquess of Berghen sent into Spain and to what purpose With the King's Answer 34 35 Margaret Lady Regent forced to give way to the Times and agree to the Counsel of the Confederate Lords 38 39 She raiseth more Souldiers and why 41 Maximilian the Emperour's
had been one general Agreement to set all the Netherlands into a Combustion in some places the Magistrates by either Civil or Armed Authority hardly prevailing Onely the Inhabitants of Antoyes Heynault Luxemburgh and those adjoyning to them kept their Faith and Allegiance both to the Romane Church and the King unspotted and untainted in the midst of this Horrid Contagion In some places the Magistrates to prevent the Licention Fury of the People did first begin to remove and take away Images to some of whom boasting of their Service Viglim said very ingeniously That they too were mad but with a shew of Reason Many things which were thus stollen from Churches the Teachers urged might be restored but without any effect to the great Scandal of their Religion which by these mean had contracted new Infamy The Lady Margaret in this great Perturbation of Affairs being vehemently affrighted was not able now so well to obey the King's Commands who though too late had heard all these things at a distance in regard of the imminent dange because she was forced to give place to the Times and submit to the Counsels of the Confederate Lords without whose Authority they could not endure to hear of any thing At length therefore though with much Reluctancy she was drawn to this that she promised the Lords that none of those former Actions should be drawn into question They now one now another as long as they could have any Security renounced the League under this condition That all that slighted the Name of the Romish Religion or moderating thereof should not be deâ—ied Pardon And now while the People lay aside their Arms and Faults together they are allowed to have Sermons in those places which even till that time they had had for their Instruction and the Edicts were laid aside until the King and the States should take other Order in that behalf Presently Messengers were sent to several places to prohibite any further Force who did affirm they had obtained this by Treaty which in truth they extorted by violence First the Prince of Aurange sent to Antwerp being thâ—n troubled with a dangerous Sedition where having obtained the Name of Viscount or Sheriff as due unto him from his Predecessors he quickly brought that most strong City to his own Will where not so much minding the necessity of the time as to shun the Regents displeasure he caused not onely the new Discipline but Sermons also to cease not onely in the Fields as in other Places but within the very Walls The same also did Count Horn and others whose Brother being now returned out of Spain related unto him the Kings implacable Anger But the Letters sent to the Lady Margaret and by them surprized troubled them beyond measure they being thereby destined to Accusation and Destructions whereupon they all meet to counsel at Dendremond where Count Egmond was the chief man looked upon as being well-skilled in Warlike Affairs and well-beloved of the Souldiery But he whether allured by fair promises or mindfull of his duty affirmed he would not in any thing be wanting in his Allegiance to his Prince let him do what he would but would rather seek to appease his mind with good Counsel and wipe away former errors by future fidelity Unwise man that would not take notice that when great things in disobedience to Princes are begun with danger after the first setting out the 〈…〉 of reward and safety is in going on for revenge attends every step backward But the Prince of Aurange had a more prudent foresight for seeing these begun undertakings failed he writ Letters to the King humbly desiring that he permit to lay down all Offices and that he might betake himself to peace and rest in some private part of Germany To whom Philip craftily sent answer and how far will deceit prevail under the mask of simplicity intreating him that he would not now desert him while his Affairs were in such an unsetled Estate and when there was most need of his help withall advising him that he should for a time send away from him his Brother who was suspected of innovation in Religion untill all things should be better considered off But Aurange the more crafty and subtle of the two still urges for Licence to depart and in the mean time going back into the places under his own Government forbidding all severity and to prevent his surprise of the fortifications within those Provinces by forreign Souldiers that might to that end be provided under the pretence of liberty he by his single industry and policy stirred up all the valiant and couragious people to be at his Command 1567. He set forth also in writing the Counsel which he had given to the King to this effect That unless he gave Toleration to these Religions which the Neighbouring Nations had granted as necessary it would be a matter of dangerous consequence for at the best his Conquest would be attended with great mischief in exhausting the wealth and destroying the people of the Country But Count Horne retreated to his own home and there betook himself to a private life These thus dispersed the Regent easily perceiving whence at first these perturbations did arise betook her self to Viglius his former Counsels which had been slighted to wit to break the connexion and band which was between the Lords and the better and inferiour sort of the people which she brought to passe either by her self or others with them that so receded first by cavilling by and by more openly as if she had been terrified thereby would cast out the falling away of others for no sooner was she advertised by the private order of the Judges that they had proceeded against the persons who had committed Sacriledge in the tumult before mentioned who had gone beyond words against the publick rites even to the taking up of Arms the rest knowing themselves not able to go through with the management of their cause and likewise that they differed among themselves in point of Religion broke up their strength Nor did the confederate Lords either by hope or fear divided among themselves lesse betray the Weal-publick for Conscience a little accusing for their evill deeds some of them running over and submitting obtained Pardon others disswade the gathering of Taxes and levying Bands of Souldiers as things not fit for private men to undertake another sort while thus every one was minding his own particular are forgotten by all And now for the better maintaining the peace of the State the Regent beside the German Souldiers under the Command of Ericus of Brunswick commanded another Regiment of Walloons to be forthwith raised for by that name the people in that part of the Netherlands which borders upon France are called and are distinguished from the others by the use of the French Tongue and beside are more valiant and not so dull-witted as the rest And that she might the better choose able Commanders over them she
private ends the People that it to say the States rightly â—â—sembled have power to judge thereof and to punish the same Nor were most Kingdoms any otherwise subject 〈◊〉 their present Kings unless that the People tyred either wiâ—â— the injuries or sloath of the former have translated them 〈◊〉 other hands How much more then should these things prevail in the Netherlands to whom the very name of King is unacquainted and their manner of obedience such that they never took any Oath unless the Prince had first obliged himself according to their desires to maintain the Law It is the Law of Nations that mutuall Obligations are dissolved by the tricks and wickedness of either party And having laid aside Philip they would seek them another Prince And they needed not to doubt those things which would easily be maintained against the Spanish greatness by their Wealth There was need of a present Captain and of such a one who when mischief raged every where would though with the neglect of his own safety incourage the Netherlanders That he had clearly cast out of his thought all hopes from Germany There remains then but one thing and that is that Francis of Valois be chosen to the Governments whom they could not deny already to have given 〈◊〉 certain proof Nor was it a little material to their advantage if that young Prince who was next Heir to the highest Fortune should begin his growth from hence In the Interim he was sure of the Brother-hood of France and in probability the good affections of England would not be wanting against whom the Spaniard of â—aâ—e had prepared a Fleet which partly by Tempest and partly by the Portugall Warre had been destroyed and further he had newly given ayd and incouragement to the Rebels in Ireland nor had the English spared him in the new World of America the Wealth which they took there from the Spaniards and brought into their own Country having laid the foundation of a future Warre After a long doubting and much hesitation the Counsel was approved with a greater fear of the Spaniard than affection or confidence in Mounsieur Francis and Philip for violating and infâ—inging the Laws by the States of the Provinces of the Union is thrown off from the Government and nor that sentence is brought forth wherewith if we may speak the truth the Warre had now been in labour for the space of nine years but thenceforth was his name and all marks of Honours utterly left off and denyed and the words of their solemn Oath made to him absolutely altered so that thereby he who had of late been their Prince was now declared an Enemy The putting in execution of this Counsel was to Neighbour Nations guilded over with the severall excuses of necessity and the severall fruitless Requests they had made to him yet the Spaniards did not cease highly to Brand it as infamous it seems altogether forgetful that their own Predecessors had deposed a King from his Kingdom for his too great cruelty and that they preferred before him a Bastard slip-sprung from an unlawful coition We will not mention old Examples of the like kind is France nor any of fresher memory transacted in England nor those newest of all of the Danes and Swedes laying aside their Kings But to return to the purpose Matthias was dismissed with much affection and great Rewards And this being a matter of so great concernment neither did the greatness of the action it self nor the Authour remain unknown to the Spaniard whence perceiving that the life of one single Person was the onely obstacle to his desired greatness therfore though he had fair Law against him in the field yet he in the first place proscribes him and then by the habits of Wealth Honnur and impunity as well of all forme faults as of that invites some body to assassinate him Against this new fashioned Edict the Prince of Aurange makes his Defence in a Book on purpose set forth as well to the States of the Netherlands as to other Princes of Christendom which Book was penned by the help of Peter Villier a Frenchman who having the Study of the Laws wherein he had been bred up first fell to be a teacher of the new Religion and thence came to be admitted into the secretest Counsels of the Prince of Aurange The Declarations on both sides are yet extant full of equall bitterness wherein after repetition of the Crimes relating to the Cause on the Kings part is objected to the Prince Ingratitude and Treason he on the other side retorts on the Kings Treachery and Tyranny and so intermixing many true and some false Relations at length they directly fall to terms of scurrility like scolding Women for because the Prince of Aurange being seperated from his Saxon Wife for Causes well approved by all her Kindred and having marryed the Daughter of Montpensier who had been devoted for a Nun was accused both as an Adulterer and Sacrilegious Person On the other greater Adulteries were objected to Philip nor was he forgotten to be charged with the severall deaths of his Wife and his Son from the guilt whereof not yet cleared he had married his Neece in blood for the then Wife of the King was the Emperour Maximilians Daughter by the Kings Sister which Conjunction the Pope by his Authority though many judged contrary to the Divine Law confirmed Nor was it smothered in silence how formerly he attempted by his great Minister of State Granvell to have poysoned Maximilian himself being his near Kinsman by the Fathers side but then his Father in Law Whereupon the States contemning both the malice and insinuations of Philip who layed the fault of this great defection onely upon one by publick Testimony vindicated the Prince of Auranges innocency adding moreover for the safety of his Person a Troop of Horse to the old Guard The Embassie of the Netherlanders was most acceptable to Francis of Valois being thereby called to the Government and very pleasing to his Mother who endeavoured by forraign Honours to indulge her Sons already too ambitious by their over-swelling hope But the Kings Ayd and Consent was requested before it was convenient and so did not answer their expectation onely the King wrote to them that he would not have a respect to his Brothers greatness but would also give help and succour to himself and all those which were under his Dominion which that he might more readily perform he wished to his own Kingdom Peace and to his Brother all happiness and prosperity The present necessity forced the United Dutch to rest satisfied onely with words and only to hope for the rest And presently Valois that he might the more strongly work himself into their Affections understanding that Cambray besieged by Horse and Foot and fortified in their Camps had undergone great hardships and extremities He sets forward thither with an Army for the maintenance whereof Queen Elizabeth had supplyed them with a great sum
much intention break in by War upon those Discording Provinces A great Design against England had taken his Thoughts and Endeavours it being accounted a more noble and less difficult Enterprise Most of the great Souldiers who had fought for the King of Spain looked upon that Island as the amends of their Merits and the Reward of their Labours and as it was near to France and Germany upon occasion of War so the Counsel was That being a Transmarine Kingdom it should be gotten by War But these Counsellors every one by his own Fortune or by Death hindred at this time as it were by the Justice of Revenge after a League concluded Aid sent openly to the Rebels in Ireland A great Fleet was prepared in Spain against the next Summer The Duke of Parma prepared all his Garrisons against that time to man it and so far did his hopeful Imaginations carry him that he concluded this English Expedition would be a worthy Catastrophe of his Ten Years Victories and make his Name equal in the Register of Honour with those of the most famous Emperours But the Spaniard endeavoured to stifle the Rumour of this imminent Danger with the Noise of a pretended Peace For the composing whereof the Dane as a Mediator came to propound Mediums and Cains Ransovius sent to the Duke of Parma whom the Souldiers of Holland intercepted by the way as he passed with a Warlike Train and not distinguishable among those that fought But the King adjudging that they wittingly had contrary to the Laws of Nations violated his Ambassador and chiefly because his Letters were broke open took so sharp a Revenge that he laid an Arrestâ— Restraint upon seven hundred ships that were passing backward and forward in Trade for Corn by which means â— the people then living in these parts were wonderfully terrified with the fear of Famine having never before by any like Example been disturbed But this Scarcity was helped by necessary Counsel that French and English Vessels coming from the same Seas should go to the Ports and Markers of Holland Thus was that Danger escaped onely with the Expence of some Money forced from them by the Danes which notwithstanding and for that the King would not vouchsafe to give Audience to the Embassadors sent to him stuck highly in the Stomachs of many who thought it very hard that the Lesser Dominions should still be obnoxious to Damage at the will and pleasure of the greater While these things were doing there there was likewise a kind of Treâ—y with the English in King Philip's Name because the Queen was looked upon as the onely Support of all the Low-Country Affairs to this purpose That all Jealousies and Fears should be thrown away in the laying down of Arms if the Provinces which had Rebelled would return to their pristine Obedience Thâ— as she took off all things concerning Religion in England so in the Netherlands Religion should be ordered according to the Mind of the Spaniard though there had been taught a pernicious Doctrine that Matters relating to Religion were to be determined by other Judges than Princes This proposed Pacification was listned to by Queen Elizabeth with no less Subtilty than it was offered chiefly aiming that by this Pretext of Compounding Business she might spin away and divert the time of danger for she now had Intelligence of the Fleet. And dissembling her Fear she onely pretended a pious desire of Peace and Commerce among and with the Provinces and to that end sending some so instructed out of England to command the Hollanders that they should without any murmuring hearken thereto and that they would draw upon themselves so great Envy as to be esteemed by their cruel Obstinacy the Authors of perpetual War and Bloud-shed But they revolved with themselves and a fresh remembred all the Treachery Blandishments of the Spaniard for what Event had the Treaty with Requesens but that all the Forts being taken the more considerable Cities might the easilyer be besieged At the Pacification at Colen how was the hopes of a reall Peace blasted by solliciting so many Provinces to Revolt and so was Flanders by the like kind of Colloquies betraid And at last the Enemy got so much Recruit of strength while he fallaciously promised Tolleration of Religion that now he dares absolutely deny it Now to speak of Peace when there were such Civil Discords among the Citizens were just to strike their Arms out of their Hands that others might as they saw convenient submit to what they pleased but let heed be taken that they used not more hast than good speed And though things might be composed upon equal Terms yet neither the League made at Gaunt nor John's Treachery could be forgotten That to Kings whom the Bishops of Rome would dispence with or absolves from the Sacred Tye of an Oath every Covenant made with Subjects would be reckoned all one as a Victory And there would never be wanting men that would seek to raise themselves and their Fortunes by the slavery of their Country And in these things every one openly as doubtful spent the time because they saw she perswaded to Peace that might compell And as often as the Queen perswaded them not to delay they beseeched her That she would not cast off that Cause of God and Men and leave Threescore Cities and a People ready if their present Treasure were not enough to increase the Publike Stock with their private Wealth a Prey to the Malice and Avarice of the Treacherous Spaniard Hereupon the Cities unanimously agreed for this Consultation was related to every particular City That no Embassador should be sent to the Enemy Onely the Queen Winter growing on apace sent into Flanders to make if she could a Peace though not suitable to her Wishes Here while they discourse of the place of the meeing and of their Commissions the English asking a Truce the Duke of Parma defiying Three Moneths are elapsed Queen Elizabeth demanded for the Netherlanders Pardon their Antient Laws and Governments of their Cities for her Self the continuance of the Old Leagues the Re-imbursement of all her Charges and Security for the same the Souldiers on both sides being disbanded But as to Religion and the Form of Worship she moved so faintly as if she would seem not to meddle therewith For now she was come to this That she onely desired two years for the performance of her Demands As to the Towns which the English held either by Covenant or other Occasions she refused not to deliver them upon the Receipt of her Châ—rges The Spaniards while they utterly deny any Tolleration of Religion and will have all Affairs of the Netherlands left to King Philip's pleasure objecting instead of payment of the English Disbursements That thereby the English had been the cause to them of greater Expence and as they extenuate that they amplifying other Things did now appear plainly to the World that though they sought a Treaty yet they
in it self not at all intricate England was assaulted by Spanish Forces and France greedily thirsted after not with a covetous Eye or vain Wish onely but by the sad Threats of a Malicious War It cannot be denied but that his Treasury is exceeding great yet not sufficient to maintain so many Wars at once from hence becoming sensible of all the Evils of Poverty During this time both the Minds and Forces of the Low-Countrymen had some ease and respite Leagues and Alliances were begun with several Kingdome and in part again broken off There the Praefects and Governours often changed and at last the Regent himself Confidence not resting assured in the meanness of her Guard and Treacheries most ignoble abounding every where Whereas here by the Vigilance and Ingenuity of one Captain not onely Danger was escaped but Arms advantaged the Navall and Maritime Power increased infinitely and at once in Strength against the Enemy and in Reputation amongst others so that now it might credibly be believed that in the Equality of both Parties the War would now grow doubtful for this time made it appear that the smallest things might be waited on with humane hope and that it was never too late to be helped by a Miracle I am about to publish according to the Method of History what things have certainly been seen and heard nor am I ignorant how odious it is afresh to being in mind these things among them whose Hatred is yet raging where by the positive and impartial Assertions of Truth you may happily by the Enemy be accused of Flattery and to your own Side not seem altogether free from untruths But the Judgment and Reward of my Fidelity will proceed from Posterity And if God have in Mercy appointed any End to this grievous and bloudy War it may chance there will be some who drawing Arguments from hence may give an Account thereof with greater Security and more Eloquence In the interim let it be for the benefit of such as being far remote from the knowledge of our Troubles may know the value of their own Peace from the Evils suffer'd by others and may hence learn Documents of War whereof though not in Civil Discords they may the more fortunately make use of against a Barbarous Enemy But it is very difficult to set down Things as they were really done because the absent many times are quite forgot and the present too much praised As that most offends the Reader so this makes the Writer more blame-worthy Besides the following Age doth many times either out of forgetfulness or the potency of the Conquerour leave out or at least fall short of the exact Discovery of their Knowledg But if it be necessary for those Things to be publikely mention'd it will be advantageous to the Writer that he lived among those who may well be ashamed if they allow not to him that Liberty which they promised to all Adde also that many of the Events happen'd hereabouts and he hath the greater advantage and reason to admire the mean beginnings of this increasing Common-wealth THE Great Year according to the Account of Christendom One Thousand Five Hundred Eighty and Eight and which Astrologers had sore-told to be the last of the World was now come Certainly either that Art is vain and it must be reckon'd among the Follies of our rash Credulities that we suppose our selves able to comprehend Futurity or else it is an Errour of such who do not rightly understand the many vast Intriques of Destiny As a part of the Caelestiall Threats the Spanish Great Fleet was looked upon which while he had Peace with the Turk and saw France embroiled in a Civil War at Home he made great hast to set out For it was not enough that they who had been Conquerors of so many Kingdoms and subjected the New World so long should win a little Nation to their Empire by mutual Conflicts unless with Scandalous Language they abused the Government thereof by a Woman But the Englishmens Confidence encouraged the Low-Country men and the Bulwark of the Sea made the English-men confident to repell Force by Force for they had not yet forgotten the Names of Saxons Danes and Normans nor were insensible that whoever entred an Island seldom failed to win the possession thereof For the Kings of England because they had been troubled with Civil Wars to prevent future danger in time to come upon like occasions dismantling all Garrisons Forts and Castles had laid the Kingdom open to Forreign Invasion Then besides what signified their weak Bodies and Minds made effeminate by a long Peace and Luxury being without Leaders without Cavalry against the well-disciplin'd Power of the Spaniard and those that under the Duke of Parma's Conduct had for so many years been Victorious Thus did they threaten Revenge to such as should not assist them but the rest some Respite should be given to Now as it is the Custom of greedily ambitious and covetous men promising their Hopes a larger and more extended progress they destin'd to themselves the interdicted and excommunicated Kingdom of Scotland and Denmark intending afterwards to make use of English Forceâ— and withall of their Natural Hatred against France at such time as that Kingdom should be embrewed and even lye wallowing in her own Bloud As for the rest of Europe divided among so many Petty Princes and never like to be united or cemented by any good Correspondence or Harmony it would of course become a Prey to their Conquering Swords But men of more serious and modest Judgments could not believe they were so vain as to promise themselves so great Success though but in Imagination but rather supposed they might endeavour to try their Fortune at Sea against all Nations on the Coasts thereof and to spread abroad among all People a great though not a certain Terrour of them or else for a time to compell all Pyrates to keep within their lurking Places and themselves to bear away all commerce And the Pope whose name at this time was Sixtus the 5th had encouraged set on the Spaniard by his Bulls to Conquer England which the Simplicity of some of her former Kings had made Tributary as was said to his Triple-Crown He therefore following the Examples of many Popes his Predecessors who first by the Discords of Princes had usurped a Right over Kingdoms and then over Kings themselves exposed England to the Conquest of whoever would undertake it as if Queen Elizabeth had taken the Government thereof without any Right and detained the same by the Slaughter of the Nobles and the slavish fear of the People urging moreover besides the Crime of her Heresie the stain of Bastardy as being born in Adultery which had been endeavour'd to be concealed with the Veil of a Divorce These and many other things were mention'd in the Ball inviting all men to be assistant to such an Expedition and absolving from all Tyes her Subjects whether of Oath or
safety into the merciless Fury of a most impetuous and stormy Sea where they threw over-board their Horses Cattel and much other Goods to lighten their Ships against the insulting Waves Then the Duke of Medina Sidonia gave Order to such as came up to him that they should steer their Course between the Orcades and some other Islands in that Sea to the Ports of Biscay Himself with some few Ships that were in better case than the rest makes his way to the Great Sea the rest went not far off from Ireland some of whom by various stress of Weather brought back again were cast some upon the Coast of England some of France Many driven into Norway were then dashed in pieces against the Rocks and another part thereof by a boysterous and raging Storm was whiâ—led into the furthest part of the North and the yet unknown World The King of Scotland performed the Laws of Peace and Hospitality to all that were cast upon his Dominions Two and Thirty were cast away upon the Irish Flatts and the adjacent Sea and the men labouring to save themselves weâ— slain by the Inhabitants because they were more in number than consisted with their safety to shew mercy to the rest were followed even into their Country by the implacable Fury of Revengeful Fate where two of them were burnt iâ— the very Port or Harbour and others by like Mischances destroyed onely Thirty remained that carryed Provisions and of Ships of War out one of all that late so great Fleer bringing home the Commander in Chief Many of the Nobles and not a few of the common sort died soon after their Return either by the Diseases they contracted in so troublesome and unfortunate a Voyage or else out of grief of Mind that while they looked upon themselves as Conquerours they should be subdued by the peevishness of Fortune The greatness of their Loss appeared in this that the King was forced to shorten the time of Mourning by Edict that he might hide from the publick view the Misfortune thereof that had filled so many Noble Families with Funerall Obsequies Some of the Prisoners both in England and Holland were Ransomed others had their Liberty given them freely Many times men learn Piety from Fear and the Event of a Thing hanging in doubtful suspence makes them run to their Prayers But here Publick Thanksgivings were Ordered to be given to God for this Victory and the Queen her Self being carryed in Triumph according to the antient manner made a Speech to the People wherein she shewed That a greater benefit could never be received from the Divine and Eternal Providence of God whereby to make out how weak and vain all Humane Strength is against the Power of Heaven And the Hollanders reaped another Benefit from this common Danger because after this they had the more Friendly Society of the English who hitherto were wont to boast that they had supported those Allies onely out of meer Humanity But the Duke of Parma while the Remainders of the Shipwrackt Fleet were getting home to Spain being cast from his accustomed Felicity into a Gulph of Misery and thrown from the heighth of Confidence to the bottom of Despair rather by the impulse of others than his own Advice because he began to be hated is drawn to besiege Berâ—â—op Zome The Brabanters urged him That he should not suffer one Town whence daily Inroads were made by their Troops of Horse into their Country and laid wast their Fields to infest them and put a stop to all his Victories Although he was not well pleased to remove the Army now burthensom to exhausted Flanders to any other place least out of Shame or Fear if it should refuse it should seem there was no relying upon their Assistance But if Fortune would once more become favourable and the Design should succeed thereby a way would be made into the Isles of Zeland and so to carry the War into Holland the next way as he thought to revive those hope which he had too confidently before relyed on and lost For that Town being rarely scituated on the Borders of Brabant at a little distance overlooks Zeland not far thence is the River Schelde into which the Zome from whence the Town is so named falleth whereby the Town hath a long but somewhat inversed or winding Haven It was in a very flourishing condition by continual Commerce under the Command of a Noble Family bearing its Surname untill by the Neighborhood of Antwerp and the Mischiefs of War it decayed having been taught woful Experience both by the Enemy and those who remained there in Garrison But when it came to be annexed to the Vnited States though sometimes indanger'd by Treachery yet now was â— first â—et upon by Force and a Siege Thol an Isle and Town of Zeland is divided from the Territory of Berghen by an Arm or Branch of the Scheld which being convenient for the passage of the Forces least if it should be left to the Hollanders it might hinder the Siege Montigâ—y and Octavius of Kindred to the Count Mansfeldt were sent before to possess it who coming upon a suddain together with flying Reports given out as if the War were intended against Hosden they lead Eight Hundred Souldiers over the Fords hoping to have privily surprized the Coast or Border of Zeland but the time of the Waters slowing being not well observed for then it flowed a few men easily worsted all those Defendants endeavouring with staggering Foot-steps by reason of the Mud to go forward In the mean time the Mâ—sketiers they had left in Brabant deâ—ended themselves under the Defence and Shield of the Bank for so the place proved to them But presently by the care of George Ebâ—rard Count Solmes that was Governour of the Island and the noising abroad of the danger the multitude of his men increasing put the Enemy to flight and drove them into the Whirlpools where without possibility of help they perished the Captains themselves hardly escaped by swimming The natural Marishness of the place being very Watry and somewhat deep destroyed as some report Four Hundred Men and if any part of their Bodies being yet alive appeared above Water presently with Darts or other Things cast at them they were killed in all this Encounter there being of the adverse Side but one man kill'd which is almost miraculous to relate and from thenceforth the Island was strengthned with Castles Guards and other Military Engines of Defence Hereupon the Duke of Parma taking another Resolution that by shutting up their Haven he might straighten the Townsmen of Provision with his great Army he besieged their Works placing Guards in all places near about them and where his Men were by any means separated he made Bridges to unite the passages to each other With all which the Citizens of Berghen were nothing terrified nor were as if they had been besieged because both Souldiers and Aid with all other things necessary for Defence were
own him But when he declared himself a Catholike the face of Affairs were on a sudden very much changed for the fault of the defection from and aversion to the Kings Name and Title was wholly call on the other yet was not Philip terrified by this example but that he now assisted the Duke of Guise his Brother who made use of a double pretence of Piety not in private but in the view of the whole World not that he so loved him but that he might keep involved in discords that Kingdom which lying between him and the Low-Countries had formerly been very dangerous and troublesome to him and if his designs were crowned with success he would commit the same to some one of his own Allyance with a fiduciary Power And the Reason by him pretended for this was because he marryed Isabella the Daughter of Henry the Second King of France by whom he had a Daughter a Person most fit to govern that Kingdom either in regard to her Fathers Merits or her Mothers Blood and so much the rather because the Dukedom of Bretaigne as severall other Principalities of France were known to have been fortunately ruled by a Woman's hand On the other side the Duke of Savoy the Spaniard's Son in Law enlarged his Borders to the very opening of the Alps The Queen of England being informed by a particular Envoy that the Duke of Parma had sent Lamot into France with an Army both of Horse and Foot forthwith ordered a supply of mony to the King of France together with four thousand English Souldiers Neither were the States of the United Provinces backwards in granting him Assistance for first they sent Ships with Provisions and all other necessary Munitions for War then adding thereto mony far more liberally than the present exigencies of their Affairs would permit and this only in hope of a future benefit It was certainly a noble and an honourable act and that raised an emulation towards their moderated Liberty that they having so newly erected themselves into a Commonwealth should yet by their Riches support and help a Kingdom the success thereof proving no less advantagious to the French than distructive to their Enemies while the Walloons Country to whom formerly they committed their cause lying open and exposed to the mischief of War was equally damnifyed whether assaulted by the French or their own Souldiers Afterwards the Spanish Forces France putting a stop to their victorious times lay open to the Hollander who for eight years together increased their Treasury enlarged their bounds and augmented their Armies untill the Bourbonian by his own vertue and valour waded through all the threatning billows raised against him by his obstinate adversaries and himself at last becoming a Catholike brought under his subjection all parties rather laying aside his Arms than the memory of that Pristine League It seems here very convenient now we are relating the French Affairs to search as far as humane Reason can direct us how the Belgick troubles having the like beginnings should yet have so different a Progress For a Peace being setled formerly between King Philip and the King of France these two Princes seemed to be of one mind having concluded a mutual League to extirpate all Religions which had begun or increased either by impunity or War But the French Peers hating the Guisian Potency that they might not become contemptible as the Netherlanders to the Spaniards took occasion to draw the multitude now contending about Religion into Tumults and Arms but the Events were most unlike for there the Subjects obedience was preserved entire and consequently the Roman Catholique Religion carryed the day but so only as to keep under not oppress the other But here the old Form of Government is altered the differing Rites grow insociable neither allowing the other and so between Servitude and liberty become divided The cause whereof I suppose may be that the Guises or Lorraines being by themselves in private but weak did afterwards receive from abroad such small help as might indeed follow but not force their Fortune So that the main of their strength either consisted under the pretence of the Kings name or the affections of the vulgar which are mean supports and of no duration where there is any experiment of utility on the other side And the Kings of France have within themselves the whole strength of that one People so that they diminish their own Authority by tyrannizing and wholly loose what is spent in revenge And the very Commons though highly offended with the differences in Religion yet when once they became sensible of the miseries of War were not so desirous of revenge as Peace Hence proceeded those Edicts of Peace so often hastned so often withstood by the now divided affections of the People who might rather be said to lay aside War than to make and observe a Peace for being weary of a long War they were driven to force and treachery by the impulse of others not their own obstinacy and being always accustomed to a Kingly Government they might have been composed before if the one King famously knowing in the Arts both of War and Peace had tempered himself and his Laws according to the strength and prevalence of parties They who were newly gotten into power being ignorant how to use the time nourished discords by variety of evill deeds while they of a more active Spirit or such whose Riot incapacitated them either got or lost all and this was the only hindrance of Peace But on the other side the Spaniards having a King that wished the same things in hatred to the Belgick liberty and who was now grown old in the enjoyment of his Territories by the keeping abroad so great Forces never feared the Netherlandish Solitudes especially having Presidents both in Italy and America that where they could not subject into Provinces they should settle Colonies But the French were highly offended with the pride avarice and cruelty of this forraign Nation the very Catholikes themselves who had never faltered in point of Religion disliking their Customs some of whom having been before circumvented and deluded with the hope of better things becoming an example to the rest that they would with all violence exercise their malice as mistrusting the breach of Peace under that notion to hide their revenge Thus a War no less cruel than civill Wars use to be continued but still looked as forraign But Count William in Frizeland straitned the City of Groning not able to resist the greatness of his endeavours by scarcity and death having wasted all their Provision about the Country he got also Reide a Peninsula of a very convenient Scituation between the River Eâ—mes and the Bay of Dullart The City being suspected for this mischief cast it upon Verdugo because he had refused a Garrison from thence being both recruited this with a new addition of Foot and Nassau with more Horse sometimes with mutual fear sometimes taking opportunities
so horrid a Fact and from thenceforth banish'd the Jesuits For to these chiefly both the English Hollanders and French did impute the fostring of such Doctrines on purpose breeding Youth whom under the Notions of Piety and Magnanimity they inflame and incouraging them with Old and Neâ— Examples how often Tyrants who are Enemies to the Publike have been destroy'd by the Fortunate Darings of private Hands Concerning this Order because Opportunity presents it self and others have spoken little concerning them I intend succinctly to Discourse The first Founder of that Order was Ignatius Loyala who being much weakned by a Wound received in the Ward Navarre at Pumpeiopolis withdrew his Mind being yet Warlike and full of Courage unto Businesses of a more peaceable Concern Among the rest he grew ambitious of Erecting a New Order To which in hope of its future Greatness he would not according to Custom give it the Name from some more famous Man or Woman but even from JESUS himself Being Assembled by Authority of them who can License such Novelties they reverenced with incredible study two Things chiefly to wit the Pope's Power and the Spaniard's Wealth And at their beginning they were main and eminent Props to the decaying Cause inducing in defence thereof what had hitherto been neglected Manners unblameable and sound Learning they exercised themselves in frequent Disputes against divers Religions which in those times had insulted over the Romane Name They augmented their Glory both in America and the Indus where among Barbarous Nations by the Teaching of Christianity they adde mightily to Philip's Empire yea and many famous Miracles have been done by them as is believed with great facility from confident Asseverations for that the Longinquity of places excludes further Tryals however they are in abundance whether in real Truth or but pretended They are the persons in whom thou may'st require fidelity and modesty Their Authority with the Vulgar is very great by reason of their Sanctity of Life and because they instruct Youth in Learning and the Precepts of Wisdom without taking any Reward for their pains They have their Provincials in every City and Nation and there is one Superiour over all the rest throughout the World who is for the most part a Spaniard They command with great Wisdom and obey with equal Fidelity They follow not the common Custom of other Orders to live all together It seemed too poor to include within Walls their growing Society They Baptize and solemnize Matrimony and the first thing they are taught is To lay aside all Humane Affections and to cast away the fear of Death They chiefly take into their Society none but such as are very eminent either for Ingenuity Bloud or Riches and they reap a great benefit from all those things For first they distinguish Ingenuity no less prudently than they chuse it pitching always upon such whom they hope will grow famous either for Eloquence or digesting pious Meditations into Writing By their Nobility they are admitted into the greatest Councils being of an incomparable Sagacity in making Searches and Experiments and because there is no Engine so strong as Religion for the laying open of Secrets And their Wealth fits them for Embassies and all other publike Employments By which Policies though they are the youngest of all other Orders yet they have far surpassed all the rest in a short time both in Reputation and Wealth and therefore are hated by them and their manner of Life upbraided as contrary to Rule But they being above the Envy of their Emulators even rule Prince's Houses by a laudable moderation for they observe a mean between sordid submission and severe arrogant neither totally eschewing nor following other mens Vices These are the main Wheel whereon the Spanish Greatness and Empire moves by which they maintain Peace at Home and sow Trouble and Sedition abroad For those Catholikes have receiv'd a portion of these mens Spirit which through France and England yea and Holland it self do in the former maintain the Rights of a Kingdom and in the last dispute against it And although they are banish'd all those places upon pain of Death yet is that Danger no Obstacle to them nor doth impede either their Confidence or Policy But the Emperour did not forbear again to motion the making of Peace although before refused and stain'd with such monstrous Actions as we before related upon the common pretence of Germany viz. the Care of his Brother's Honour Not did he seem onely to admonish them to it but calling a Diet at Ratisbone of the Princes and Cities of the Empire he had caused it to be concluded That they should be compelled therâ— by Arms for that they dampnified both themselves and theâ— Neighbours by the perpetual miseries of War But these things as they made onely a Noise never proceeding further than Words and Threats so they were accordingly taken notice of for the Turk then chiefly being ready to fall upon the Cities of Hungary as well the Care as the Forces of Germany was taken up and could not have leisure to mind the Affairs of such as belonged not to them This year also the States of the United Provinces received a very great and most honourable Signal of Affection from James King of Scotland as well as the Kings of France England and Denmark who were invited to the Baptizing of his Eldest Son born by his Wife who was the King of Denmark's Daughter And their Liberality was correspondent to the Honour done to them as witnessed their most rich Presents given to the Princely Infant who was named Henry Frederick They renewed their antient Amity with the Scots and restored all the Rights of Trade and Commerce and all other matters formerly concluded with the Princes of the Netherlands and particularly with the last Charles But a Partnership in Arms was in vain wished for by the Scot and the Dane and that the Princes of Germany should be ingaged to the same Affinity for their Peace was safe and unmolested and there was no reason why they should go to thrust themselves into other Folks Troubles 'T is thought there was some hope gather'd from Scotland not without cause offended with the Spaniard who had for many years disturbed the Peace of that Kingdom by Factions From hence proceeded many of those sharp and severe Laws against Catholikes and hence by increasing hatred came those who would transfer the most just Hope and Title of James to the Kingdom of England upon the Spaniard's Dâ—ughter but surely by most absurd and incongruous Arguments but nevertheless such as discover'd a mind ready to do him any injury But as well the Scot as the rest of the Princes cast off from one to another the beginning to thwart a Power so formidable to all The Embassadors that had been sent into Scotland returning by England the chief whereof Waldgrave Brâ—derode whose Noble Birth advanced the Honour and Worth of the Common-wealth together with James Count
considerable Commodity Their Gain ariseth by carrying it from place to place and by such Things as are wrought by the Hands of Artificers commonly call'd Manufactures But after by the good Providence of God the Efficacy of the Load-Stone was found out whereby men were guided to understand the Course of the Sea and also the Records of Books taught us to make search after the knowledg of the Antients and not to despair the value of new Inventions nothing now remained too hard for the Scrutiny of Human Experience The Portugeze found the utmost Borders of Africa and Asia and the Castilian new Coasts beyond the Ocean or indeed more truly another World The Endeavours of the French quickly grew faint after an unhappy Attempt upon Brasile they came to Terra-Nova and found a Coast abounding with Fish but barren enough of all things else Not was that Sea and those Lands that lying furthest off to the South Mallegon first of all found now left unsearched But the English in a short space following in part discover'd the North Sea After all the Hollanders that had without doubt been hitherto oppressed by the Cruelty of their Princes as men that would not tremblingly send to Sea their People whom they knew valiant and mindful of their Liberty now out of Envy to their Enemies and Emulation to their Allies took the Courage and Boldness that making use of what was already known they would now in their Turn contribute their Labours for the benefit of Mankind in the natural laying open of things which to that Age had remained as a secret in the Breast of Nature Neither in this further Quest of newer Things were the old omitted or forgotten And indeed what Shore is able to satisfie them who have always at Sea above Seventy Thousand men This little Country in multitude of Shipping not giving place to any the greatest Kingdom and though inclosed in such narrow Limits hath yet so great a strength abroad The Cities every year build two thousand new Ships theâ—efore besides England France the Parts of Germany and the Baltick Sea mutual poverty hath admitted and carryed them to Spayn importing thither Merchandise and bringing thence Coyn and the dissimulation and fear of King Philip was least if he should deâ—aâ— them of Trade with their Neighbours they should seek for â—is further off and it may be to his disadvantage nevertheless sometimes they received injuries when onely for their Religions sake they should be taken notice of for they generally used the names of other Nations and at last as if the King needed their help both the Ships and Marriners should be stayed by which means not onely themselves were endangered but all they had was a prey to those that overpowred them In this very year no less than fifty Ships were thus raised And the Portugueses said that the King would take care to moderate these injuries if the Hollanders would forbear to send Navall Assistance as well to Brytain as France But the Spanish losses were repaired out of Italy for their so many barren Summers last past for France was not able by reason the Country had been so harassed with War Thus by the Swedish Voyage the Dutch had gotten into their hands all Grain which by a short recourse hither and thither they had made hast to get to their no small advantage Nor as it happened did that Commodity wait upon the Rich onely for vent being dispersed far and wide among the common People with a small charge and a quick return They went also to Barbary where it is opposite to the Ocean and where it coasts upon any more inward Sea with the Muscovite also the Hollanders Traded before they were at War and through the Baltick Sea and Norva in Livonia as far as Novograde which Trade afterwards was transferred by the English through the Rushian Gulph to St. Nicholas Port and by the Hollanders to Podesemser and the Monastery of St. Michael he Archangel all scituate upon the River Duina and the English have earnestly laboured since that to get it all to themselves the Prayers and liberty of the Hollanders scarcely prevailing Shortly after they fetched a longer course to the Kingdom of Guiny abounding in Gold Ivory and Ebony and the rest of Ethiopia and at last in a two years Voyage they arrived to the Isles in the Indian Sea That was begun to be attempted with four Ships set out at the costs of private men At first it was doubtful and seemed to be full of danger while every where as they came in those unknown places they met with none but barbarous Nations and such as were at enmity with all the World Here they were mightily afflicted with Diseases and the injurious heat of the patching Ayr Besides the Portugueses hindred them all they could by punishments if they were either by stress of Weather or want of any thing driven to their Vessels or Colonies nor ceased they so but pursued them with false accusations unto those Kings and People that were not subjected to them which a long time was very bitter while all things were incumbred by the infrequent use of a strange Tongue and suspitions of treachery on every hand But after it appeared by publike Letters and Testimonials of Trade that they came not to rob and do violence or to seek dominion but that they were a People careful of the liberty even of strangers and that they had for that end passed so many Seas that they might with equal fidelity uphold the Law of Nations on a sudden the same and admiration of the Hollanders was greatly augmented Thus the Spaniard's malice opened a way for such far distant Allyances by the common gain of Renowned Merchandise and the name of Prâ— Maurice the famous Warrier was honoured even in those remote places The Religion of those that first went to the Indies was wonderful so was the care of their Reputation for because they received no Commission other then to defend themselves when they met the Spanish Navy a rich Prey and as it were prepared for them they let it passe untouched Scarcely could the Portugueses cruelty which would admit none into that World besides themselves be drawn to consent otherwise But â—hat these private Ships would strengthen their Trade by War however Embassies of the Indians followed and Gifts and Sea-fights against the Enemy and which helped most of all it appeared that the Spaniard could be overcome for to the taken of Towns theâ—e was no great space of ground belonging so that the Conquerours gained but little and yet the Conquered lost not much The parts of that Kingdom are far divided their Wealth which is the support both of their bounty and Wâ—r lies at a great distance which being taken away oâ— exhausted by troubles how can it happen otherwise to that vast scattered and separated Empire which is no where so near to it self as to its Enemies but that it should become a prey to all Nations The
thousand wherewith to follow and observe the uncertain motions of the Enemy But for supply thereof the Souldiers out of France being eighteen Companies were recalled and soon came In the interim Barlot with whom was present Prist in hope of the future Government of the Town commanded some little Boats which he caused to be brought from the next Castle in Flanders through the ditches in the night to be put into the Channel of the River Barlotts Walloon and Teslines German Regiments being about fifteen hundred of rather more loaden with their Arms and some few dayes Provisions followed them with slippery steps the place consisting of a soft Clay mingled with water At last being gotten aboard for there were no Fords they had a safe passage wrought by their own silence and the carelesness of the Holland Seamen who as they dreaded no danger so the negligent and sloathful Watch never offered to hinder or stop with their Ship-Boats which was easie to be done the Enemy while he was upon the Water It was in vain to shoot or throw Darts in this darkness of the night nor did the Guards get into the Town in time for there being a little Fortification at the Bank which thirty Souldiers were commanded to keep as there was Reason they out of a rash braâ—ado going out thence and being killed furnished the Enemy then wanting Engines and a place of safety and retreat with boâ—h suddenly after followed a Fight but it happening in the night proved more confused neither party being able to know which were Friends or Enemies yet the Germans at the very fiâ—st brunt their Colonel Tescline being killed who came along with Barlotte turned their backs and being in vain withheld ran into the encreasing Waters for it then flowed and there met a cowardly and obscure death But Barlotte with his men by much labour and valour restored their Fortune encouraging them to Honour with his words and the Assaylants being compelled to return into the Town both parts reported the number of the slain to be greater than it was each affirming themselves Conquerours Count Solmes because he had taken some Colours and they because they had some Prisoners Some Souldiers which Barlotte had left beyond the River to assist and be as a supply to the Germans being hired to swim over were rewarded with the spoyls of such as were slain Then was it if any things lying nigh was in that sudden and nocturnal attempt possessed by the Enemy that it happened for within there raâ— to and fro cross Banks to prevent the over-flowings of the Rivers in the same manner as Prince Maurice had commanded them to be kept These things as soon as they were noysed through Brabant both the Commanders by divers marches tend to one and the same place The Prince that he might drive out of the Isle this encreasing Company the other least those few who had entred should be destroyed either by the multitude of the Enemies Forces or by Famine for they had no more Provisions than what they carryed upon their shoulders there being no passage for Carts or Waggons But Prince Maurice laboured in vain to recover the lost places because Roâ—es had brought thither five Regiments from beyond the Scheldt to wit the Neopolitan Walloon and three Spanish Regiments but not without great danger and some loss with the rest of the Army Albertus himself filled the further Banks Prince Maurice remained at Cruning in the utmost Borders of Zeland sending from thence into the Town as many Souldiers as he could possible for the Zelanders earnestly conjured their Allyes that they would not be neglectful of them against whom both a valiant and victorious Army was coming and would lie upon them with all their force wasting and spoyling their Country although they would have all Provisions from Gaunt which is close at hand and Antwerp not far off Therefore Souldiers were both raised and encouraged in the Cities beyond the Rhine and in other places where hitherto they had been feared The Guard of the Borders wâ— committed to some fresh water Souldiers lately raised who besides their Oath taken as Souldiers were further obliged by half pay Besides it was decreed that there should be Drums beat up in England for the raising two thousand good Souldiers the Queen being beseeched that she would by her Authority be contributary to their Assistance in this great necessity But the King of France sought to for the same purpose that he would lay hold of this opportunity against his careless Enemy and make some speedy incursions into his Territories was backward in granting their Request from some designs of peace whereof he now began to hope In the mean time the Spanish brought in by one side and the Hollanders Horse by the other filled the whole Country about Hulst with sudden fear and slaughter The Hollanders had the greater strength and as oft as the water overflowed the Fields they passed backward and forward with their small Vessels unmolested Then between the Town and the Castle adjoyning to the Town which looketh toward the Scheldt and so to the Enemy slighting their Fortifications they laid themselves open by which mock or scorn the Enemies being provoked as they pursued them seeming to fly were cruelly shattered and beaten by the Townsmens shot and also a more compact and well ordered Sally It was manifest that these things happened for want of Cannon without which no good could be done and there was no small difficulty in the wafting them over the River the more marishy places were by little and little made firm with Faggots and other blushwood In the Estuary several Ships were bound and tyed one to another so strongly that they were as good as a Bridge and at the furthest part of the Bank served the Kings Forces like a Sconce framed into the shape of a half Moon from hence the great Artillery battered-both the Town and Castle But at that time there were two which had been brought at the first coming into the very Island and as any of the rest were brought over they were planted immediatly against the Enemy Afterwards many others were brought thither for security of the former and Rouce attempted to take from the Hulstians a Fort which was as we said to secure their Provisions and to cut off the use of the River from the Town yet make it advantagious to themselves which after it had not succeeded by several mean assaults at length with the Thunder of Cannons and the noyse of Trumpets and Drums whereby as he openly confessed he intended to strike at the same time terrour into the Enemies and infuse Courage into his own men at midnight he commanded the Italians to go and break through the middle bank possessed by the Enemy which led from the Castle to the City The darkness of the night was spent in wounds and slaughters with a confused noyse while the doubtful stroaks fall among the Croud and there is no
of Mettal as the Spaniard did but only from the Love and Benignity of her Subjects And the Irish Rebellion as it inforced the new raising of Money at Home so likewise it necessitated her to call in what she had abroad On the other side the Dutch Embassadors first rendring many Thanks beseeched her to stand to the League complaining That they had had but a short Benefit of those Things which had bin agreed 12 Years before And that the Covenants did not set down any set number of Souldiers whereupon they who as they never had stagger'd in their Fidelity nor had inclined to the War with wavering Counsels yet had bin by the uncertainty of Forces oftentimes revolved unto vain Attempts and that this was very unseasonable in the heat of War to expect that which did not begin to be a debt until there were a Peace setled as by the Agreement will appear That their Condition was not so much alter'd but that they still deserv'd rather Pity than Envy For besides the rich Cities of Brabant they had lost certain Towns at the Maes and particularly those which were most convenient both by Sea and Land for raising and collecting the Flandrian Tributes Nor had they bin at a small charge after the driving away the Spanish Fleet from England in so many Naval Expeditions of the English and to what end had they assisted France but that the War might be repelled and the Seas be kept open while the Enemy was imploy'd at Land Hereto was added the Shipwracks they had suffer'd the restriction or taking of their Ships the breaches of their Banks by the Sea and other daily Evils they had undergone by Misfortunes and Casualties Concerning these Things there was a long Argument with Bodley who was Leiger for the Queen among the Hollanders concerning the Dutch Affairs Notwithstanding all which Queen Elizabeth grew every day more obdurate till at length she was mollified by procrastination but chiefly by the Supplies they sent to her for the Cadiz Voyage But no sooner was the benefit of that Kindness consum'd but presently the same Contest was again renew'd and Sebastian Lose James Valquy and Abel Franken being sent Embassadors into England the Queen gave them this short Answer That that was not the intent of the League that the Hollanders should prolong a War against themselves on purpose to delay without measure or end the payment of those Charges by others disbursed for them And as to the Peace they hoped if it proved disadvantageous to them neither had it been profitable to her those 12 years having both for that time and hitherto eâ—hausted both her self and her people in sending them perpetual Aids and keeping the Towns deliver'd to her for a Pledge And what kind of Alliance must that be whose very Branch must depend upon the pleasure of another But if they would look upon the Laws as the Queen was pleased to do she would urge nothing further than was in them That it was truly so conceived Words of Promise upon Honour were plighted The Lord Burghly added also the Irish Rebellion and the proper fears of England were Causes just enough why the Queen might fall off from those Agreements when even private Promises are wont to be absolved upon unexpected Events Therefore this Debate of Right being in vain and but for a shew made use of the Hollanders ran back to their old Guard shewing the danger they should incur from all their Neighbouring Dominions if the strength of their Cities already weakned should be utterly dejected by such Demands and so much both of Wealth and Power by Sea added to the Spaniards But above all when the dubious state of the matter and so discordant in the setling the Account of Receipts and Disbursements had almost brought them to a Non-plus The English urged the payment at least of some part of the Debt and for the future not to seek a Remedy against growing Danger from old Covenants as by Compulsion but rather to merit new Favours by their Gratitude and Thanks for the former The Embassadors with many humble Intreaties offer'd That there should be an Annual Portion paid notwithstanding all their present streights and the residue at the end of the War which the Queen slighted as inconsiderable while in the interim a great fearspread it self arising from a Rumor that there was Hostility intended against her in Spain and that the preparations there made to that purpose were greater than ever before Hereupon the Wise of those times began seriously to consider of both Affairs and judged that the Hollanders were not so much oppressed with Poverty but that it would oblige them to the Queen in a strict Alliance especially considering the danger of so great a Loss and that the Queen might at some time want Money they might well bear unless their Counsel could put the Hollanders now tyred with importunate Demands in mind of her Power it being not to be suffer'd that her Debtors should raise themselves to a more prosperous Fortune by Foreign Amities Now the Count of Bulloyne was sent into England to conclude the long Treaty of a League between the two Kingdoms which was at last agreed upon in manner following The League and Alliance concerning infâ—ring or resisting Wars between or upon the King of France and the People of England is concluded under these Articles and Conditions That all former Leagues and Covenants be confirmed That both shall endeavour to bring other Princes and Nations into the same League And when either shall be offended or invaded at Home that one common Army of the Allies shall transferre the War into the Enemies Country That it shall not be lawfull for either Kingdom without the other to make either Peace or a General Truce That either shall assist the other with Arms and other things necessary for War among themselves at a reasonable price and without fraud and aid the Souldiers with all Provisions without Treachery That all things relating to Religion and Travellers of either Country be used no otherwise than as naturall Subjects That the King of France use no violence to any English for difference in Religion and in regard he was at the present most subject to the Injuries of his Enemies the Queen promised him four thousand English Souldiers for the Defence of Normandy and Picardy which are the nearest parts of France to her Kingdom giving them half a years Pay and taking Pledges But if they were kept any longer there it should be at the King's Charge Who on the other side promised the like Aid to the Queen so as they should remain near the Shore or within fifty Leagues That it may be lawful to raise and take into Pay four thousand men and the Command of the Souldiers to be in that Prince within whose Borders the War is These were the Heads that were publickly known for by some private Agreements the number of Souldiers the Queen was to send this year was
most powerful of all the Azores and bringing with them infinite Wealth But the English by cross and contrary Winds and other imminent evills were so kept back that they could not come near them yet three Ships being seperated from their Company were either sunk or taken and made a prey Here began a mischievous contest the Hollanders accusing Rawleigh who had Command of a part of the English Fleet that he by force took away from them a Ship which they had taken while they were in pursuit of another In this Voyage some small and open Towns were burned by the English as also a Carack coming from the Indies was fired by her own men to prevent the falling thereof into the Enemies hands The Commanders thus frustrated of their hope and returning to winter in England were derided by their evill willers so that being before emulous among themselves and now become enemies yet they consented to aver sound advise and their own endeavours not wanting for prevention of their ill success Hereby appears that fortune is not to be commanded by wise men nor forced by just ones The case of Padilia was harder who was sent with like Commands as of late out of Spain to indammage Brittain with one hundred and eight Ships wherein were embarqued eight thousand men for having made a large progress by the boysterous North-winds three Galcoones six other Ships and a great quantity of men and money was drowned Padilia returning home whether guilty of imprudence or Infelicity in his unfortunate Attempts was removed from being Admiral of the Fleet to whom in the same place succeeded Didaco Brocurus This Summer four Holland Ships which had sailed out three years before were the first that returned from the Iodies Nor was the Citizens joy greater then their admiration when they heard tell of men circumcised whose genitals onely being covered the rest of their Bodies was quite naked living about those parts where you go out of Africa into the East and inhabiting the Island of Madagascar These neither well knew nor are totally ignorant of God Their miserable genius prompting them to all manner of licentiousness nor distinguishing themselves by names nor knowing any varieties of seasons and so ignorant of our manners and Customs that they would give in exchange for a small quantity of Tin a good Oxe They related also the dangerous sedition of the Marriners notwithstanding all these dangers together with the persidious natures of the Barbarians whom the Portugueses brought up every where but especially in Java that under the pretence of peace they might the better hide their murthers and depredations From hence proceeded as well fighting as delayes Not were the Hollanders free from fault for they that were sent thither by their Kinsfolks or Friends being such as were forced from their own Country either by debt or their own wickedness yielded to the Barbarians nothing but an evill pattern to follow Nay so great was the stupidity of some of them that among all the people at noon-day they sounded the depth of the Haven at Bantam Java is an Island almost as big as England and not as some believe a part of the South Continent as appeared by the Circuit It hath many Kings a part of them according to the Custom of their Fathers worship false Gods the other part not long since have received the Mahometan Doctrine They saw also Sumatra the greater Java and a little Island called Balis and in their return another which is called by the name of Helena fruitful in the product of many things but not inhabited by any men From hence the Hollanders then first began to fetch Pepper and other Fruits the usual growth of those warmer Clymates which kind of Trade had of old been very gainful to the Venetians by Egyptian Transportations but for the space of an hundred years solely usurped by the Portugueses who discovered that Ocean and claimed the same as their reward of their long Navigations and the gift of the Pope The first Voyage after many difficulties being free from damage yet for the future gave hope of better advantage and invited many others out of Holland Zeland and exiles of Brabant to attempt the same with a greater number of Ships From the beginning of the Spring for many moneths had the Siege of Amiens been delayed while the King though with a strong Army of fourteen thousand men yet sparing of his own Souldiers blood and not greedy of his Enemies onely fortified his Camp against all force as well inward as outward And first he endeavoured to raise a Confederacy among the Citizens and when that was discovered he attempted to fill up the Trenches undermine the Rampire and to do other things which though they cost little blood yet they took up great expence of time especially the Besiegers being unexperienced in such works and the Besieged wanting neither Valor or Policy to withstand the same and to protract the Siege in hope of getting Relief and having turned out of the Town above six thousand Citizens whom they suspected Besides while the Enemy was gathering together his force a Body of Horse entred the Town thereby both strengthning and augmenting the Garrison And although they were infested with the Plague yet they made frequent Sallies in defence of their Walls with various Fortune in several of which divers eminent men on both sides were slain among whom was Portocarrera the main Author of all their Stratagems Yet the Townsmen by cutting their Barkâ— turned the River upon the Enemy And after many Repulses caused by neglect of such as were sent to enter the City the Arch-Duke in Autumn with his new and old Forces and according to antient Custom having raised the Netherlandish Nobility which were modelled into Horse and Foot came thither with more Fame than Hope At the first sight he perceived that it was not possible either to force the King's Works nor to draw the coming Enemy though more than ordinarily cautious to the hazard of a Battel Onely some few loose Bands encountred But now Picardy being wasted by War was first afflicted with scarcity of Victuals and soon after with Sickness These Things forced the Arch-Duke to depart overcome almost with Sorrow for loss of the City which a Truce of eight days according to Agreement being elapsed which was that if in that they were not relieved with above a Thousand men was deliver'd up to King Henry Albertus that the King might the less persist in his Successes by scarcity of Victuals and fear of the Winter left the Siege of Dorlens Soon after that Albertus sent part of his Souldiers to block up all the Avenues of Ostend with Forts at the Request of the Flandrians for as yet having sent Spies to seated the strength of all Fortifications about the place as well to the Seaward as Land and conscious to himself of his own weakness he durst not attempt the Siege of it In the mean while Devastations being hindred
with so small Forces had compassed such long Marches through divers Countries and reduced them from the Contribution and Prey of the Enemy for the future to be safe by the Boundaries of Rivers was celebrated with the more than ordinary Affection and Joy both of the States and People Insomuch that some of the Princes of Germany publikely in their Dyet made the Motion That he might be made General of the War against the Turks whose Valour and Fortune it was probable would put new Life into the Hungarian Affairs which then lay gasping through unprosperous Successes But this Joy did not continue long without a Repulse being inteâ—rupted by a Domestick Affliction because his Sister Aemilia being stricken with Love without the Knowledge either of her Bâ—other or the States was marryed and this she did as believing or hoping thâ—t their Pardon would be sooner obtained for such an Action than their Consent This Lady hitherto unspotted from the Evil or any of the Germane Manners was allured by the Speeches and Countenance of Emanuel who was noâ— unskilled under the Similitudes of Obsequiouâ—ness to find means no raise Pity especially because being a young man and of Royal Birâ—h he was by Force and Injury driven from his Paternal Inâ—tance for he boasted Don Antonio for his Father who for a while was King of Portugal This man with his Brother Christopher having wandred thâ—ough France England and all other places in Hostility with King Philip seeing the young Lady and conversing with her as oft as he pleased which Liberty is granted by Custom and remains as the onely Relique of Antient Simplicity since it self was lost he assumed the hoped of Affinity with the Nassuian Family although besides the inequality of his Fortune there was a discrâ—pancy in the Religion which they â—oth professed from their Father At first therefore this new Bride and Bridegroom are forbidden the Princes presence and thereupon for asswaging his Anger they retired to Wesel from whence returning into Holland with their small Revenue they lived after the manner of private persons This was so much the more grievous to her being the Prince of Aurange's Daughter and Niece to the Duke of Saxony because both before and also at the same time she had Sisters of the Bourbonian Bloud by the Mothers side that by the Authority of the State who gave them Portions out of the Publike-Stock lived like Princes in great state and with a noble Retinue for Ludovica Julianâ— was marryed to the Prince Palatine one of the Electors of the Empire Isabella to Henry Duke of Bulloyne and Catharina surnamed Belgica to Philip Count of Harcovia a Person of no small Wealth among the Franks But Carola to whom the Brabanders would have that Name given was bestow'd upon Claudius of the Family of Tremoyle Duke of Tuart in Poictou a man of eminent power for whose Marriage sake Henry Frederick obtained to have an Embassage from the States as well to see the manners of France with his Mother as the King The Winter this year proved dangerous to Holland on that side towards the North by breaking down the Banks and causing great Inundations the like whereof hapned also about Groâ—â—gen And the frequent breaking out of Fires in Amsterdam made them there have suspition of Treachereous dealing from the Enemy With the Arch-Duke there was such a scarcity of Money that the Souldiers began to mutiny in every place for beginning at first in Gelders the Example passed to Wachtendone and thence soon after to Calais Câ—mbray Ardres Capelleâ— Chasteâ—et Lire Dorsan Sclâ—ya Sâ—um and Gaunt which were all infected with the same Contagion In some places they thrust out their Captains in other places the Officers joyned voluntarily with the Souldiers and when a little money was procured and sent to some of them that was but a provocation of others that had none to the like or greater Disorders chusing rather the Rewards of a Licentious Sedition than the empty Honour of an unprofitable Obedience Hereupon several Cities refused to receive Garisons And the Arch-Duke himself with his Retinue was shut out of Venloo and all the rest of the Winter was spent in divers contrivances relating both to Beaâ— and War even until the beginning of the following Year â— Some Traytors also were hired to bring the Spaniards into the Isle of Tolen but they exâ—iated their impious and unhappy Designs with the loss of their Lives And againâ— another while a Party was sent to take the strong Hold of Barghen-op-Zoom by force while yet the Fortifications were imperfect and at the same time another select Band to force the Gate of Gertruydenberg but both of them being discover'd by Scouts were forced to depart without attempting any thing About this time all Things seemed to incline towards Peace for Philip himself being wearyed out both of his Courage and Forces by a Forreign War with France a Naval War with England and as it were a Civil War in the Netherlands and learning by Example That many times Hopes are destroyed by Hopes or that the hasty Steps of Old Age and Diseases wherewith he was now broken had inclined him to more wild and moderate Counsels he desired to hide his Arms or to distract and break the new-made Society of his Enemies And the Opinion of most was that he chiefly aimed to rid himself of the French and Dutch Wars that so he might the more readily revenge himself upon England and with the less charge for in France the loss of Aâ—iens and in the Netherlands of several Cities beyond the Rhine had much increased his Enemies Forces and lessned his own besides the Country was wasted his Credit exhausted from whence grew Seditions it being impossible to keep a setled and strict Discipline where the Souldiers want their Pay and if any part of the Souldiery be sent away while the Enemy hovers up and down it is very dangerous because both the Cities of the Netherlands and the Nobility are for their forepassed Acts as much suspected as any In the mean while among the Hollanders the Country is secure and the Sea open which daily yields much profit and still promiseth more And to this purpose certain Letters written by Albertus to the King and intercepted spoke It pleased him therefore to begin with the French King because under the pretence of the same Religion that seem'd both more feazible and convenient especially since Pope Clement had often admonish'd him That since the Family of Bourbon was receiv'd into the Romane Church he should incease to trouble him And if he yet did proceed further that his former Wars would seem to have been made more out of Ambition and the Thirst of Empire than his Care of Religion or Piety Adding moreover all that could be said for the advancement of Concord among Christians and promoting the War against the Turks But Philip along time contemned all these Warnings though now at last he began to approve thereof but chiefly
the Netherlanders of the other part returned Answers fit for the time to the Letters Philip had sent them wherein was transmitted what he had determined to this purpose That it was much against thair wills that they should be disunited in their Obedience from the King of whose Justice and Clemency they had had so many Examples unless that it should be taken as a part of their Duty that at their Prince's Command they would acknowledge his true Effigies Thence they fell into Eulogies of their New Lords highly extolling the vertues of him who was present among them as daily seen and no less admiring those of Her who was absent which they had but heard of humbly begging one thing That he would not withdraw his Assistance from them now when their Affairs were in a manner desperate That as to his Care of Religion and his Commiseration his Fame was celebrated even in the most remote Nations who had been obliged to him for many Benefits How much more justly then should they esteem his Goodness who had advised with his most Noble Daughter his most generous Kinsman and them his antient Subjects against that endless Calamity wherewith they are threatned on one side by the Enemy on the other by their own Souldiers no loss grievous than an Enemy And if they might continue fixed to himself and his Son and Heir the Netherlanders would refuse nothing to shew they hâ—re an Honourable Reverence to the same Majesty under what Naâ— soever The Brabanders but chiefly they of Flanders did separately urge and insist That some means might be found of making Peace with the Hollanders but if He would seek from their Obstinacy to heighten their Punishment he must thâ—n seek to win some Princes of the Old Religion and likewise some Ecclesiastical Persons to be willing either by Arms or some other help to give Assistance to the common Cause for even they that hitherto have feared the dreadful Greatness of Spain will think themselves much more equal to it when they shall see that Power divided But all these Things as they were intermingled with Truth and Falshood the Sequel of the History wherein I shall proceed in the next Book will make manifest The Seventh BOOK of the History of the Dutch AFFAIRES THE Vnited States did not delay to adde new Signs of their old Hatred to their Enemy for they set forth an Edict That nothing that was fit either for War or Shipping should be transported either into Spain or any People allyed to them and thereupon followed another whereby a Restraint was laid upon all Home-growing Fruits least while they sought for advantage abroad they should breed a scarcity at Home but Hostile Flanders was forbidden of all sort of Trade Among which Passages the French Peace that had never been well observed disappointed such as greedily sought after Advantage and dealt in Matters of that Nature by abating the Custom and using other Crafty Policies Now also Counsels began to be taken concerning new Arming the Militia as well such as were to be Lanceers as those who had either in the Infantry or Cavalry deserved well by their Experience and use of greater and lesser Guns Besides new Troops were gather'd with the Revenues which had been raised out of the Fields the last Autumn But afterwards when they began to search into the Frauds and false Dealings of the Captains they found by Experience that all their great Noise of Remedies fell short and that it little profited to reduce the Numbers of every Company so long as the same means of Deceit remained whereby the more their Numbers were lessned the more pernitiously they gaped to devour what was possible Moreover the most active and vâ—liant Souldiers of that chaffering Age whom the Captains used to invite over with the hopes of greater Rewards and Pay than they had before were now onely equalled to the rest by this contracted Licentiousness of Defrauding although themselves with infinite Greediness sucked dry the Common Treasury for those uses From hence began frequent running away even to the spoiling of whole Regiments and certainly the Mischief would have increased had it not been stopped by the Enemies Poverty Which Things being perceived at length by the Prince's daily Admonition the States acknowledged the Evils were grown too big for them In this mean while there was a secure Quiet beyond the Rhine which made all the Provinces of the Union as their Tributes increased to consider of a way to gratifie their Governours Prince Maurice and Count William either with the Rewards of Lands or Money though there wanted not some who would have blasted this Testimony of their grateful Minds with the ignominious Name of an Ambitious Prodigality About this time being the second Moneth of the Year hapned a more rare than admirable Thing hereabouts which because real Prodigies were not sufficient was reputed in the account of an Ostent A kind of Whale was found upon the Coast of Holland by certain Fisher-men and drawn ashore by them with Ropes which is a Creature not so much unknown but that many of our Countrey-men that live by the Sea-side are well acquainted both with its Name and Shape The place where it was taken is called Bercheyde between Schevelin and Catwick an old Village drawing its Original from the Cattâ— as the Name testifies from whence not far off is a Passage into the middle Channel of the Rhine and a Castle which is now utterly ruin'd by the Incroachments of the Sea the Ruines whereof may sometimes be seen at a Low Water This Castle is said to be one of the Works of Drusus or rather of Severus to whom our Ancestors by reason of its standing opposite to Brittain gave the Name of Arx Brittanica But to return to the Whale which reached Seventy Foot in length filling all the Shore between the Sea and the Sand-hills to the sight whereof went a vast multitude of People not minding the filthy and nausious Savour thereof for after it was dead upon the Land as it lay the Bowels burst our which so infected the Air thereabout that many of those that went to see it were cast into Diseases by the stench of it and some dyed Certainly to Wise-men nothing could seem less wonderful than one such Creature whereof the vast Ocean contains a Multitude in her immense Profundities cast upon the Shallows by Winter-Storms where at the Ebbe of the Tide it could not get off but discover'd it self by the vain strugling and beaâ—ing of her great Body upon the Flats But among the Vulgar who have liberty to interpret all Things according to their own Fancy and to draw all the Works either of Nature or Chance into Parties and from thence to fore-tell to the Hollanders who were the Conquerors of that Creature rich Spoils and the Victory over their Enemies Others from hence denounce sad and unlucky Omens to them who are follow'd by such Monsters in their own Seas Which Things also
enough of War and gotten therein sufficient Wealth were there returning to their Country to take their ease There were in it also take a Letters wherein were discover'd the Intentions and Gifts of the Cities destined and alloâ—ted to Fontain which Prince Maurice sent back to him The coming of the Spanish Souldiers was every where displeasing to the Common People as well for the Hatred of their Persons aâ— of War But the Arch-Duke glad of them their Poverty having by the sense or fear of Evil overcome all Difficulties by their Aid and the service of Herman Count Heremberg put an end to that long-continued Sedition of the Souldiers at Grave for want of their Pay although some Prisoners and Letters also did certifie that though they were pacified more were offended that among all these Turnings would yet remain faithful to their Parties This was the state of the Law Countries on both sides before the state of Affairs was theâ—e anew changed At this time between the Embassadors of France and the Arch-Duke Albertus the long-continued Treaty produced great hopes of Peace and the Queen of England had sent thither Cecil Son to the Lord Burghly and with him one Wilks who was privy to all his Secrets And therefore now the matter it self required that the Vnited States should send Embassadors to France and Queen Elizabeth desiring that they might be authorized with a full and free power together with her Embassadors to Treat of War and Peace They disapproved the Motion lest afterwards if they denyed to consent they should be over-powred by her Royall Authority Hereupon a double Embassie is appointed with a convenient Retinue one of which was to go into England The Persons were the Lords Warmâ—nde often before-mention'd and beloved by the English in remembrance of his good service in the Cadiz Expedition Min Heer Heffingen a Frizon and John Wercken of Zeland To France they sent Justine Nassau Governour of the Sea for Zeland and John Olden-Barnevâ—lt principal Counsellor and Assistant to the States of Holland a man well skill'd and industrious for the publike good of his Country and by his Authority did and obtain'd is much as by the help of Art Wit and Industry could be done or obtain'd among a free People And here among many other things which I have cause to fear this is one lest any strangers into whose hands these Histories shall come should wonder how the Names of such famous men an honourable Report of whom they have receiv'd in their own Country should come to be so seldom mention'd in my Writings But I hope the great difference between the Government of that State and the Empire of other Countries shall be a sufficient Excuse for me For where the Actions of Cities and Towns are related which are ruled either by the Senate or People if any more eminent matter of Valour oâ— Policy happen there is given a fair occasion meerly in a return of Gâ—atiâ—nce to set out the Authors or Inventors thereof Neither in Kingdoms do the great Ministers of State remain obscure But among the Hollanders all things are transacted in the Name of the Council without any mention of the Authors whom although you know yet you would seem ambitious in seeking to praise them nor would you avoid the haâ—red and displeasure of many by whom anothers Glory is look'd upon as their shame and the praise of their active Honour as a Reproof of their sluggish and dull Nature The Embassadors that went to England endeavour'd by many Arguments to make the Queen averse to a Pacification advising also That she would in some measure gratifie the French King in his desire concerning Aid and then urge him further being incouraged by Embassadors that he would of his own accord rather seek Reparation both for Old and New former and later Injuries by War than to think to appear his Domestick Discords against such a restless Nation And then bowing the Knee according to the Customs of the Court when they had returned large Thanks for so mer Benefits They added in these words All who are called fâ—om their just Arms to talk of Peace ought to consider whâ—ther the Peace that is offer'd be reall and sound or deceitful and infirm and on the other side whether the War be terrible or dubious or be not moâ—e safe than Peace for it is a vain thing to talk of the goodness of Peace where men shall never be suffer'd to enjoy it The Spâ—niard O Queen is reported to sollicite you to a Peace whose perfidy Conâ—unct with Barbarous Cruelty and whose Ambition of reaching at the Rights of others we need not accuse when his Masters openly teach that with men differing from them in point of Religion no Faith or Promise is to be kept neither ought they to partake of the Benefit either of Divine or Humane Laws Others have not fear'd to say that by the Decree of Fate the hâ—ighth of Empire is allotted to the West and that amâ—ng Christians there shall be no other visible Empire on Earth than that of Spain And though it might be to purpose to speak of the impotent Pride of the Austrian Family to other Princes and how by Trisling Leagues it hath claimed to it self that Angle as Hereditary with other the furthest Parts of the Earth that whatever lies within the Bounds of Lutope if it be not his own is accounted and looked upon as an Enemy yet it will be to little purpose to remember these things to you which have suffer'd and undergone many Hazards by him And can it be doubted but that he still hath the same Mind who hath not onely armed the People of your Kingdom to Rebellion and more than once sought to invade it by Fleets though prevented by Almighty God but also so far contemned all Honesty and Justice that he hath precured Murderers and Poysoners to do mischief to your Sacred Person Certainly it is not to be doubted for the old Grudges and the Causes thereof remain and as you continue fixed in your antient Piety so is he nothing alter'd from his wonted Avarice And now this man seems to seek to make an honourable Peace with you with a just and pious intent is it not that he may wage his Wars at his own pleasure while now he is forced to wait upon yours And therefore he presuming from the present Affairs to gain opportunity for greater Matters will lie in wait for all occasions And shall we in so great danger be caught and wrapt up into a stuggish security We know that since he cannot catch us all he endeavours by this League which he surely intends to break to â—oâ—se as many of us as he can Former Kings and People did better for though they were not at all troubled yet they never fear'd to ioyn together against increasing Empires while they had time lest at one time or other though piece-meal they might be all conquer'd For they knew that some Wars were waged onely
like nature eleven years before this time in the great Fleet of King Philip when it was plainly as it were set out by fate that the Hollanders and Spaniards should by turns find how uncertain the hopes of those things were which are committed to the Winds and Waves At the beginning of Summer they set out a Fleet of threescore and thirteen Ships carrying eight thousand Seamen and Souldiers under the Command of Peter Douse the Admirall who was a Noble man but as if he had had no Honour from his Birth attained to this heighth of Command by long Service and many gradations they received Command to destroy the Fleet which the King of Spain had been a great while in building for want of Timber Cordage and Marriners and this was one cause that induced the States to make so much hast that done to spoyl the American Ships and wast all the Coasts of the said Enemies Dominion This unusual and daring attempt carryed with it great terrour so that the Shores were left desolate all flying from thence for there were Letters sent before out of Holland that mentioned the coming of the Fleet into these parts as if it had been learned from some Captives The Fleet begun by King Philip lay at Corunna At first the Hollanders came and lay by them but they not daring to trust the naked Fleet to their Enemies mercy got under the protection of a strong Castle and then the Cannon thundering from the Ships Castle and Fort which was hard by took away all their hopes of assaulting either at distance or near at hand Wherefore having seen enough here that that Nation which boasted it self Lady of the Ocean had with their Fleet sought a hole and hid themselves in their Docks rather then to fight at Sea with Honour When they came to the mouth of the River Tagus some were greedy and violent for the taking of Lisbone either for Honours sake or in hope of a prey urging the antient discords of their Neighbour-hood the hated Dominion of the Castilians And lastly the City it self which in the Expedition of the English for Don Antonio was found to be but weak though it were very large and if that Nation took it then that went to manage a War not to seek for Booty without doubt it will be as easily done now On the other side many were of Opinion that in so long a Peace the King had repaired and made good all defects and that it was not to be expected that a Fleet so long looked for should do any good against such great Cities wherein as well the care as the fear of the Governours makes them diligent It would be a safer course to steer to the Islands in the Atlantike Ocean bordering upon the Coast of Barbary which the Antients either for the Fecundity of the Soyl or because they so called and esteemed all unknown things named the Fortunate Islands from whence the People came that first inhabited them by reason of their far distance and Antiquity is very uncertain Of old when they were yet unknown to Europe they had several sorts of Language That of Tenariffe came near to African and the People thereof called themselves Guanchus Many of their Customs were common to them with the Barbarians particularly like the Scithians they used to expose and give their Wives to prostitution with the Indians they esteem their Sisters Sons as their Heirs as being related to them by the surer tye of consanguinity Rapes violently committed they punish with death they account Divorces infamous It is lawful onely for their Kings to marry their Sisters as among the Inchas of Peru Private men may if they will have more Wives than one This also is a Scythian Custom that the King or chief Lord should have the Virginity of every new marryed Bride The Gods they worship are the Sun Moon and Stars above whom there is one Judge they say of good and evill actions and therefore that there is another life after death Infants are with solemn Rites purified with water They give no publick demonstrations of Christianity or Mahometisme yet they live simply unanimously and innocently far beyond them that are called Christians and practise nothing but force fraud and other Vices not of Religion but the Age The first that came thither were the Genoueses in the Year One Thousand Three Hundred Almost a hundred years after that Bethineurt a Noble-man of Picardy came and Inhabited there teaching them good manners and Piety affirming himself also to be a King But when his Fortune would not answer to so high a Title the right of the same was transferred to the Kings of Castile whose Potency destroyed their antient Rites Language and Orders and made these Islands one step to his further greatness One of these named Ganaria though now it is a common name to them all but to this the head of the rest it belongs peculiarly the Castle wherein being excellently seated the Hollanders Fleet subdued and one Spanish Ship in the sharp fight sunk and two others taken The Horse and Foot of the Island gathering together upon the shore with some small Guns hoped to hinder their landing for that the place it self was not very fit for that purpose But the Admiral Dâ—use commanded his Cannon to be shot off and his long Boats to be hastned Himself first going off when the Shelves would not suffer him to come close to the shore he leaped into the water but the Enemy run to meet him himself received three wounds and others of his Company many by the casting of Darts and Shot being unexperienced both in that old and new sort of Arms. But the Barbarians being beaten into the Town of Allagene the Castle was presently surrendred with the Guns and Garrison they that entred wondered as they set their Mauritian Ensigns up in a place so far distant to see the excellent Fortifications of the place and all other things necessary for defence unless that in all that Age the seldom happening of mischances had now in this suffering so converted all into fear that they had no use of their Arms. The Army being led to the Town some dayes were spent by the Besiegers in drawing thither their Cannon In which time the Besieged did convey whatsoever was dear and precious to them among the Rocks which were in a manner unpassable and shortly after themselves followed either into the same or other narrow places that were easie to be defended many of them being so ignorant who the Enemy was that a runaway Negro offered to sell himself to the Hollanders and abjure Christian Religion Besides this two other smaller Castles were deserted Some that were sent out to find their lurking holes and to strike a terrour into them going further than was convenient in places known to the Enemies but to them altogether unknown and besides being wearied with labour and heat were surrounded by the Barbarians and slain Wherewith the Islanders being
and since they could not without a most pernitious example suffer their Judgments to be contemned and their undertaken care to be depraved Count William though prone to mercy is commanded with a party of Souldiers by force to reduce the Townsmen to their duty but he moderated with prudence the sharpness of this Command by restraining the Souldiers from doing injuries and taking no notice of the words of the incensed vulgar Yet disarming the Citizens lest while they remained in their fury they should as formerly fâ—ll to acts of Hostility that he might not diminish his Forces by leaving a great Garrison among them he bridled them with a Castle wherewith their courages were quite lost for that from a City that had ever been free they were now glad to receive a token of extreme servitude 'T is true these things are usual with such as rule by force nor could any thing more have been done to Enemies It was time certainly to lay down the Arms which they had taken up against Castles if the Authours of liberty would rather chuse to imitate than revenge such things And they also desired that part of the rest might be remitted to them but the remembrance of old faults had banished their long offered Clemency especially considering at present their contempt and disobedience yet the event mollified and abated the envy of this action for the movers of these troubles were afterwards carryed onely to the Hague without any other punishment and the Magistrates being translated to People of more peaceable temper their right of suffrage in the Council was restored to them and all things afterwards transacted with equity In Frizeland also a great contention arose concerning Taxes laid upon Cattell and Pastures the Townsmen urging it and the Country-People that lived all over Eastergoo and Westergoo gainsaying it so that soon after out of an ambition of eminent Offices which as is usual nourished the differences came to that heighth that part went to Faniker while other part of them remain at Liewert and both under pretence of publike Counsel distracted the Common wealth and drained the Treasury in which Affairs Count William interposing himself and first calling the Authority of the Judges and then taking Arms against those that were departed did not escape the envy of having affected the Government beyond the allowance of the Laws At last when the Associated Provinces all interposed themselves the matter by the appointment of the Deputies was re-setled in peace according to the old form as an addition to those evils a sorrowful Messenger arrived bringing tydings of a Treaty of Peace between the Arch-Duke to whom the Spaniard had left the managery of the Affair and the Queen of England whose Embassadors were then met together at Bulloyn The truth is both of them had cause enough to desire peace the great undertakings and bold attempts of the English both in Spain and America terrifying King Philip so that he was forced to the vast expence of great Fleets to defend those far distant Navigations and besides it was hoped the Hollander would be more ready to hearken to peace when their hopes of Ayd from England was utterly quashed But the English were fore-warned of their danger by the successes of Tyrone and new Rebellions and Commotions in Ireland springing from a late Edict of the Pope and the Forts of Ulster and Munster being difficultyl regained and with much labour there yet remained severaâ— lurking places in the Rebels hands After three moneths it was perceived that the Embassadors could not be drawn to agree the English refusing to be preceded and the Spaniards hating to have any equalls Nor was there any better progress by intercuâ—rent Messengers while those as much fear a peace as these desire it Thus they parted at that time and the Affair was left to be treated of in Writing untill the Queens Death and Successor as we shall shew in its proper place put an end thereto In the interim Embassadors came to the Hollanders from the Emperour because the States had sent Letters to meet them by the way as to their Resolve concerning peace These Embassadors being Herman Count Mansfeldt and Charles Nuisell came notwithstanding pretending they had other things in Command Their words seemed more to advance the Dignity of the Antient Empire then the fortune of the former year merited Namely That they should restore all places they held in Germany and give satisfaction for the damages done by the Souldiers That they should not defend themselves like their Enemies otherwise as they were equally guilty of the fault so they should equally suffer punishment with their adversaries That they would treat nothing of Peace yet they should know that Treaties could not be always waved without great suspition and that they would no longer bear the Taxes laid upon Commerce which by pretence of the War should be continued Hereto it was afterwards answered and not without desert That the losses should be imputed and the places taken for defence be laid to the fault of them that first brought an Army into a peaceable Country and if that were to be pardoned in the Spaniard they hoped it would not make them more guilty having been necessitated to do the like As to the Islands of Gravewaert and concerning Peace they gave the same answer which they had often before done But because the Spaniard had relinquished Rees it seemed convenient to them that Emmeric also should be delivered that so the Enemy might the more justly be blamed for the retaining of Bercke Some Discourse there was at this time of matters of less moment a mention of a Truce being thrown in by the by which the States gently denyed as not suitable to the times And a Trumpeter desiring a safe Conduct for Deputies which were sent by the States under Albertus his obedience to the United States concerning a Peace being for some dayes retained that they might not discover the great preparations for War that were then on foot was commanded soon after to carry back Letters wherein before they would speak of Peace they admonished them first to free their Country from foreign force for after it was determined with the Souldiers in Fort-Andrew it fell out that the rest in those parts moved with no less madness acted things no less disadvantagious so that the States of the United Provinces supposing it necessary to make use of the Enemies discord bent their studies to greater undertakings The War now being transmitted into Flanders was attended with very great want and scarcity of all things which was both the cause and nourishment of Seditions for they knew nothing could more straiten the Treasury nor put their troublesom Affairs into a greater confusion then to possess that Country which was most abundant in all products of the Field and in a manner wholly belonged to the Enemy it was also full of Ports and Harbours from whence the Sea might either be infested or guarded and commerce
Brabant into Flanders to go to Ostend and there raise the Siege But Prince Maurice unmoved with all this noise resolutely affirmed That it was safer to use wary and cautelous Counsells then to run on in rash and adventurous attempts But the Queen of England and the King of France approved the Opinion of the States perswading them to go on with greater Authority because they assisted them with men and money Also a great strength of Germane Horse was hired and very well furnished with other very great preparations And in the Moneth of June Publick Prayers being first made by command though later then was necessary the Expedition was begun at the same time when the Italian Forces arrived at the Netherlandish borders And Letters were sent into divers places as Artois Brabant Flanders and the Deputies of other parts The United States wrote magnificent things concerning their Affairs and Assistance by Forreign Princes they spoke also of the Souldiers sedition on the adverse party and of the wasting and spoiling of Cities what was too much truth and what reward had they for all these miseries but that which is the last and greatest of all miseries Servitude for it was not unknown what the Spaniards formerly prepared and that a false Pretence or the bare Name of Archduke might no longer deceive any body they should see in whose hand was the Government of the State and the publick Power of Peace and War If they desired the Glory of their Ancestors or the Liberty of their Posterity they should then joyn with them or at leastwise assist their strong endeavors by some moderate Levyes Let the Archdukes go and seek more peaceable Kingdoms That it was easy to drive out the few Spaniards that remained in Garrison in several Castles and then they might put the State both Civil and Ecclesiastical into what form they would and that it would be no great pains and labour to attain to the chiefest felicities of Peace and Liberty This was the effect of their Letters which were quickly followed by Prince Maurice who divided his Army into three parts which he commanded to March three several wayes the whole number whereof was Five Thousand Horse and Eighteen Thousand Foot and almost Two Thousand Carriages the middle Tertia was led by Count William of Nassaw That on the right hand by General Vere and the last by Count Ernest of Nassaw yet at no greater distance then that they could easily meet and joyn upon occasion however thus divided they could proceed with more ease and celerity The whole rabble of Pedees and other inferiour people that attended the Army with Mills Furnaces and other necessaries that were usually sent by Sea now followed the Army by Land with no small difficulty Passing the Maes at Nimmeghen from thence the Army marched through the Countrey of Leige by the place where William Prince of Orange Prince Maurice's Father held his Camp with his Army which was conquered by Famine not the Duke of Alva's Arms which mischief because he would avoid by terrible threats he compelled the neighbouring Towns which of their own accord were more inclinable to the Spaniard to bring in Provisions daily to the Army and to sell it at a reasonable rate and yet was scarcely Victuals enough found to give sufficient to so great Forces The fifteenth day the whole army sate down at Centron a village in Leige not far from Tielmont where Mendosa then lay for the Arch-duke hearing of this preparation of the States had sent him from Ostend with forces having left there Don John de Rivez to guard the Camp and fortify it round about They that lay at Waert laying aside their sedition for a while were persuaded to come to Mendosa and increase the number of his forces so that now he had five thousand foot and four thousand horse Ambrose Count Spinola was sent to joyn with these with eight thousand Spaniards and Italians more which he had new brought into the Country in hope of winning honor and to assist his brother's endeavours at Sea and the Spanish affairs at land with this select band of men For he covenanted with King Philip to be reimbursed his charges and therefore at present he paid his men out of his own revenues and although Mendosa had the chief command as General yet he directed and commanded his own men and as he kept them from the want which the rest suffered so he would not give a licentious liberty but kept them in a strict discipline by which means it came to pass that no souldiers ever behaved themselves with more quietness and civility yet seldome was there any severity used towards them By which example it was evident that the strength of military government consisted in money Prince Maurice lying near them drew his souldiers out of the Camp provoking and chalenging the Enemy to fight But Mendosa kept his men within their trenches either because he was unequal in strength or else broken by his captivity he yet feared his unlucky fortune and having once received a great blow for the future it made him only fight by delay These by all means avoiding fight and objecting to themselves the danger and terror of a battel made the Prince perceive that all these glorious and great beginnings would come to nothing for it was not possible for them to goe into the inner parts of that Country with so great an army through so many narrow passages among all the Enemies towns and where the Enemy himself was ready to attend them upon all occasions wherefore he thought meet the sooner to make his retreat get to the rivers and the rather because Victualls began to grow scarce and the harvest was not yet come yet that the year might not pass away ingloriously after such great designs and ostentations turning his thoughts to things of less moment he presently sate down before Grave a town within the territories of Cuick hard by the Maes reasonably well fortified having therein a strong garrison all other things for the enduring of a siege Hither being come the eighth day after a tedious march through the parching heat of the Sun the Prince pitched his Camp in three several parts where many of the new souldiers unaccustomed to such toil and labour died On the upper part of the river lay General Vere on the lower himself and on that part where the fields grow marshy towards Brabant Count William of Nassau That done two bridges were built upon the river one hundred and fifteen foot long and whatever was within the Camp as also on the other side towards Gelderland was inclosed with one continued breast-work before which were very deep and broad trenches for the clearing whereof several forts and sconces were erected that were well furnished with Cannon The great Bulwark which the Townsmen held beyond the river being deserted as not tenable against so great force as was used about it proved afterwards a great assistance to
sent to assist Embden which entred the City at the same time when Enno drawing near with his Forces hoped to have been admitted by those of his Faction but now being kept out thence he entreth the Villages round about and erects several Forts for the shutting up of the City and the River The States being informed thereof and now after the taking of Grave having some leisure to consult about their neighbours affairs at the request of the City sent Warner Dubois a Colonel of Horse thither with some Troups of Horse and almost nineteen Companies of Foot He within a few daies assaults and wins all the Forts and sets free the City from those rude and ignorant maintainers of Warre Enâ—o that he might remove this disgrace out of his sight with as much envy and bitterness of language as he could invent disputed the Hollanders incroachments upon the rights of anothers dominion of which the States being conscious they published in Print the cause of that action of theirs and the danger that was like to have fallen not onely upon themselves but all Germany by the Count's deeds The Twelfth BOOK of the History of the Dutch AFFAIRES THE Hollanders being oppressed with the French Peace were attended with a greater evil which was the death of Queen Elizabeth about this time whereby they were more deeply plunged in a Warre yet had lost that assistence which as it was the first so had it continued unto the last She died the third day of April being by the length of daies arrived to the toils of life from whence she supposed her old age which she had spun out even to the seventieth year now grew contemptible and that the hopes and counsels of those in whom she had put her greatest confidence were turned towards her successor It was a long reign for a Woman and famous not onely at home but abroad which produced many various censures some conjecturing at the future according as they were led by fear or hope others from the memory of former actions reckoning what prosperity and adversity she had seen during her long life Here was remembred the beheading of her Mother and that for no small fault but onely the supposed crime of Adultery whence arose those many bitter taunts of her Enemies as if she had been the Issue of an unknown Father Soon after when her Sister fate in the Throne she was cast into Prison Which was no small affliction of so great a spirit until by the means and intercessions of Philip King of Spain to whom she owed her Liberty if not her Life she was freed from thence though afterwards she requited his kindness with a long and sharp Warre Besides her Reign was accounted cruel by the execution of so many Noblemen for no other pretence but that they professed the Romane Catholick Religion and also in that no less novel then odious example to all Princes though indeed excusable enough from the necessity that by the command of a Woman not onely a Woman but a Kinswoman and she a Suppliant not as a common person but a distressed Queen was put to death Also there were some that stuck not to exprobrate the divulsions of Ireland and seditions of the English Souldiers in the Low-Countries as if they had been commanded Certainly it was the greatest of her misery that she lived so long without a Husband from whence came the incertainty of her Heir and very various were the several opinions concerning her many objecting her love to the Earl of Leicester and after him her endearments of Essex whose hot and over-hasty youth together with his contempt of her decaying and aged beauty was punished with the loss of his head though soon after her minde was more changed from hatred to repentance then before it had been from love to hatred so that it was by many judged to be the main cause of her sickness and death On the other side it was said that the long continuance of her Government and life manifested the same to be well-pleasing to God and that instead of the customary evils of youth she had shewed great prudence in her carriage and behaviour in the enjoyment of both good and bad fortune Nor was it so great a wonder that her security was established by the death of some Rebels and by Warres as that a Woman's Government after four and fourty years had not onely made England safe but flourishing nor had she at any time taken Arms but for most just causes Religion was by her reformed to the example of King Edward not by force or according to her own fancy but upon debate of the matter in the great Council of the Kingdome and in a lawful manner Nor did she rage with cruelty against those that were of another judgement unless it were when it was too late when by the doctrine and instruction of the Jesuites they had thrown off all reverence love to their Country and Government at once By her help Scotland was vindicated from the French the Prince of Conde's Party from their adverse faction and much of the Netherlands from the Spaniards And although she had so many great allurements to increase her Dominion yet she remained content with her own not desiring from all her victorious atchievements any other thing then the liberty of that Religion by her promoted and to set limits to power that was or might be defervedly suspected Thus did she restore the Towns which she possessed in France preserved Scotland for a Child and rejected the desires of the Hollanders intreating her to take the Dominion over them And now lately the old Garrisons in Ireland being taken and new ones fortified some of the Nobles being taken here some there their faction was so infeebled and the very strength and pretence thereof so weakned and Tyrone himself so broken that falling upon his knees before the Lord Lieutenant he humbly requested pardon of all his offences For that excess of Honour happened to him a little before his fall She had been courted to Marriage not by the English onely but by Charles of Austria brother of the Emperour and by Henry and Francis brothers to the King of France as also by some Kings themselves to wit Philip of Spain and Ericus of Sweden That she was thus sought was her happiness but that she refused all was her prudence because as it was unfit for her Greatness to marry a Subject so the Subjects of England were afraid she should marry a Foreiner The reproches that were spred concerning her took their beginning from her sex and the elegancy of her beauty together with the customary liberty of Princes and could onely be refuted by manlike care and diligence Nor was she onely well skilled in the arts of Government but was learned in the ancient and modern languages an excellency rarely found in Women of a private fortune which made her Name and renown great and famous and not onely terrible to and
admired by her neighbours but courted by Embassadours even from the Moors and Sarmatians No man hitherto doubted but that great Commotions would have arisen in England upon the death of the Queen who had never declared any certain Successor for it was believed that although James King of Scotland was the next in bloud yet the ancient hatred of the inhabitants and the private fear of those that had consented to his Mother's death would be an obstacle to him there being several ready in England who boasted themselves to be descended of Royal bloud Then also the power of the English Catholicks was feared lest they should hope for that by Troubles which they could never expect while the setled Authority of the Queen remained the Pope also instigating them as unwilling that a King of the new Religion should be admitted although he were next in bloud Nor was that hope onely grown in the Spaniards who lay at watch for the peoples commotions but the Hollanders also although they had by many good offices before-hand pre-engaged King James upon the connexion of Religion yet by tacite wishes did guess that the imputation of their alliance with him would transferre part of the Warre into Britain But it happened beyond hope and expectation that presently after the decease of Queen Elizabeth the old Councel of the Queen and as many of the Bishops and Magistrates of London as were at present at hand and in readiness proclaimed King James not waiting for the authority of a Parliament for the danger of delay and because Interregnum's do many times in the future by new Laws and Covenants diminish the grandeur and power of Authority Thus without any contradiction the King of Scotland got the possession of England and was the first that within the known Records of any Annals enjoyed the whole Island of Great Britain in one entire and undivided Government The United States did not omit forthwith to send an Embassy to congratulate him for his new access of magnitude having first sent some gratulatory Letters The Embassadours sent by them to the King were Count Henry of Nassau Prince Maurice's brother then a Member of the Councel of the States and General of the Horse next to him was Walrave Brederode thirdly John Olden Barneveldt and lastly Jacob Valcken who died before he returned from this Embassy When they were admitted to audience they spake in this manner We are come hither Great King divided in our selves between Grief And Joy for we have lost Her whose goodness and benefits to us we are not able to express in words but we have found You as the Heir of Her Kingdome so the Imitator of Her Vertues That which formerly we desired and since that by publick supplications decreed to the most happy Messengers of Your new-begun Dominion that now in Your own presence with hearts and voices we beseech and begge of God that this Your reign may be happy and prosperous to Your Self to Posterity to Great Britain and to Vs We begge of You Sacred Sir one thing That You would not suffer the insulting Spaniard to trample upon the necks of the Netherlanders and from thence by degrees to incroach upon the Dominions of others his Neighbours It suits with Your Religion to save so many Assemblies of pious men from that Kingdome of sanguinary Superstition it agrees with Your Justice to defend a Cause allowed of by so many Kings and it is an act becoming Your Prudence to drive away those underminers of Kingdomes and supporters of the Papacy by whose judgement all that You now possess is given to them as a Prey Your Predecessor Queen Elizabeth did this and so we hope will You and that with the greater ease by how much You are in the prime of Your age have a more man-like Authority a more ample Power and a House well setled upon the happy foundation of a hopeful Issue Our fidelity shall in part supply Your Work and Charge by whose prosperity and adversity it hath been made evident that the Spaniards could be conquered 'T is true Peace is a most excellent Jewel and worthy of high estimation among Christians but that that is made with Tyrants and treacherous people is little better then Warre If all they that are joyned in the Cause would unite their wealth he would be deprived of the Netherlands and if that punishment would not yet make him wise he should be driven out of the Sea and all his maritime Dominions which would be no hard matter for the Hollanders and English to effect and this certainly would make him glad to come to a true Peace the best maintainer whereof was equality of Forces Now is the siege of Ostend protracted unto the third year so that having endured so long a misery we humbly intreat You to aid us with supplies for relief thereof for which purpose you may make use of those ships which by the Queen 's command were furnished and instructed with Armes and provisions by us being eleven in number and now wait for nothing but your Royal command Hereto the King very courteously answered as to the matter of friendship but as to the rest he excused himself by the infancy of his Dominion but in time he would see what was best to be done in the interim not concealing that as much as he could he would prefer all counsells tending to Peace for hitherto he had had no difference with the Spaniard and also Philip had voluntarily offered him his assistence if any dispute should have arisen concerning his Kingdome and himself being of a mild disposition and well grounded in all kind of Literature had spent his time in studies rather inclinable to Peace then War And the Archduke being supposed to have made war with the Queen not with the Realm had by Edict forbidden any damage to be done to the English sending home besides all Prisoners they had that were that Countrey-men and soon after he sent Charles Prince of Arenberg Embassador to the King as also the Spaniard sent Don John Baptista Taxis to the same for the promoting a Peace concerning which the year following there was an agreement When the Embassadors of Holland saw they could not prevent it they endeavored to delay it and to give the King some hopes that they likewise might obtain Peace together with their Liberty if the King by procrastinations or delay would suffer the Spanish counsells which yet depended upon the event of a few years to grow towards perfection And this was the discovery of Olden Barneveldt who was throughly versed in all the secrets of the United Provinces producing the Duke of Brunswick's hand whom the Emperor Rudolphus had acquainted with that affair But King James his hast was not at all slackened in making that Peace whereupon the Hollanders onely contended that if they could not obtain a shew of assistence yet that they might not be denied right These their desires were seconded by the French King who was very
sollicitous for the support of his allies and to that end he had sent into England Maximilian de Rohan his chief Treasurer and a Privy-counsellor At last this Medium was found That whatever moneys the French should lay out in behalf of the Hollanders the third part thereof should be charged to the English and all accounts to be discharged wherein France impoverished by her Warrs was indebted to Britain The States were content herewith although they were offered by Sir Ralph Winwood the King of great Britain's Orator to be comprehended in the Articles of the Treaty if they pleased which they refused with great thanks The rest of the year King James spent in performing and receiving the Solemnities of the Kingdome and in viewing his new Dominion of England giving audience at Intervalls to the Embassadors of other Kings and the gratulations of his own subjects Tyrone himself the great Captain of the Irish Rebells coming and upon his humble submission obtaining pardon Concerning Religion several complaints were offered by two sorts of people The one in England are called Puritans being a people that do not esteem the Ecclesiastical State or Church-government there to be sufficiently orthodox and sincere but requiring therein more purity from whence sprung the original of that hated name of Separation These find fault with many Ceremonies retained from custome and antiquity as the Orders of Bishops some Ceremonies added as they say in the Sacrament of Baptisme and others things more tending to Discipline then Doctrine A change or at least an amendment of all which they now hoped from hence because the Scots had already rejected the same On the other side the Catholicks with high applauses magnifying the antiquity of their Religion as well in Britain as elsewhere and setting forth their fidelity both to the King himself at present and heretofore to his Mother petitioned that if he would not give them publick allowance which yet in France the King allowed to dissenters that at least they might privately and without fear of punishment worship God according to the custome of their Fathers But the King rejected both these suits suspecting the Catholicks for no other cause but that the Pope claims power over Kings but the King was offended at the Puritans because by men of the same Faction under pretence of Ecclesiastical authority he had irreverently been used in Scotland Whereupon also he accused their perverseness and obstinacy publickly set forth in Print for he would have each Nation be free to use their own Rites which were not contradictory to the Divine Law but the supreme Authority even in matters Ecclesiastical should continue in the King Yet something was setled according to the desire of the Catholicks viz. That the Sacrament of Baptisme should not be administred by women or private persons that many Ecclesiastical promotions should not be accumulated upon one person and that Church-censures should be strict and severe both in the inquisition and punishment of errors either in the life or doctrine of the Priesthood But the words of the Puritans became so offensive that many of their non-conforming Ministers were punished by Imprisonments Banishment and abjuration of the Realm Notwithstanding which some of the Romanists associating others with them who were desirous of novelty conspired to set up to the Government the Lady Arabella a Virgin sprung from the bloud Royal dividing among themselves the chief places of honor and preferment through the Kingdome The authors of this Treason were punished with the losse of their heads the accessories thereto and such as had concealed the same were cast into prison and the fear of imminent death was reckoned to them for a sufficient punishment the King being prone to win repute to his new Government by the fame of his Clemency While these things were doing in England Enno Count of Friesland beyond Eems having really learned that he might easily obtain from the Emperor both words and threats against the City but that he could not give him a power to put the same in execution he resolved to try the favour of them that were most potent among the Hollanders and to that purpose he went to the Hague urging many things both privately and publickly in his own defence and objecting many things against the Embdoners as being of a wavering temper in their fidelity not well knowing either to govern or be governed At the same time were present some Deputies from Embden behaving themselves with much obstinacy and notable irreverence towards their Prince then present At length after many long debates the United States not doubting the fidelity of the City towards them bent all their resolutions for the security thereof and it was concluded that the Delphzilian agreements should be observed whereto besides were added That for the future there be an Edict of Indemnity and Oblivion for all things already done nor should the Count exact the Penalties set by the Emperor's Decree That both should be restored to their houses and lands all prisoners be released and all instruments of war and other received profits be accounted for And that Enno should endeavor to set free all strangers being really such nor should deny his safe conduct in writing to all Ships going from the City That the Tributes imposed upon the City the third and the fifth year before should all be made null and that there should be a consultation had in the Senate of the Transamasians for the settlement of new the right of summoning which should be in the Count but if he neglected to doe it then they might meet by themselves and consult of their common affairs That it should not be lawfull to denounce a War or levy souldiers without the decree of that Councel onely the Count might retain as many as should be sufficient for the guarding his Castles and strong holds and likewise that the City might raise seven hundred souldiers for the defence thereof and maintaining their works That the Transamasians should maintain the souldiers the charge of the works should be born by the Townsmen and what goods were within a Town should be equally distributed and whatever was inclosed within any fortifications should enjoy the same priviledges with the City it self That the Magistrates of Embden should be created by the Senate of the City and that the Count to that creation should adde his authority When therefore the Count and the Deputies of the City had agreed upon these conditions it remained that the whole Magistracy of the City and the States of the Transamasians should allow of and ratify the same which was very likely to have been done the Nobility being afraid of War as that which would wast their Lands and some being sent by the United States to enforce force such as should offer to delay the same the greatest part of the garrison also was withdrawn that the fade of affairs might appear more peaceable But new hopes from the Emperor changed Enno absolutely insomuch that
devoured the fields which of necessity must have produced desolation and poverty Therefore they should return and unite themselves to the Body of France voluntarily and of their own accord rather then be compelled thereto by force by which means they should remain setled in the ancient and renowned seat of their Ancestors which must needs perish and be lost if the Hollanders should be victorious That there are nine Forts or Castles erected for a small resistence of all Invaders from whence the original of that Nation is extracted of whom 't is questioned whether they exceed more in cruelty or pride but afterwards inclosed by the Pyrenean Mountains and the remote shore of their own Ocean That the French Empire grown to a vast magnitude would govern its Subjects with more moderation and for the future settle Peace by a settled and hereditary succession according to the Salick Law That this should be to them no loss because they should enjoy in common all the advantages and benefits of France Some there were also in Germany who equally considered from hence the Spanish greatness on the other side the abstruse recesses of the Hollanders whose fortune was daily bettered by Warre nor could they be concluded by conquering That it were both more honourable and easie for the Spaniard to repel the Turk with those Arms he useth against these or else he might compensate any small damage of his Government by propagating and encreasing his limits elsewhere That the Hollanders might buy their Liberty for money for Empires have their setled foundations and periods so that when they are arrived to the highest pitch of Greatness they suddenly decrease Of late the Spaniards neither demanded Tunis nor Goleta nor did the Austrian Family look after Switzerland So also must he loose these people and as they chiefly withdraw themselves so were they to be suspected from the remembrance of the Warre and by the discord of Religion working great prejudice even from their example besides part of them were purchased from the Burgundians so that he may with equal justice sell what he had bought These were the discourses abroad but at home besides a few in whose hands lay the managery of the Commonwealth and by whom all counsels and advices were ordered the rest calling to minde how great the Spaniard's pride was how resolutely determined never to agree with the Hollanders threw aside all hopes the Fates having yet kept in obscurity any glimmering of an end of this so great and long a Warre And now the States to Maximilian Cocheyne urging the Emperour's commands as also to the Legates of Mentz Saxony and others desiring safe conduct free passage and time and place for a Treaty being all things of moment and such as usually work with the common people returned this Answer That they were not unmindful what damages they had received by former Treaties Nor were Germany or the Emperour although names highly reverenced by them of any power against the treacherous dealings of their Enemies That the Hollanders were desirous of nothing more then that the fear of Warre being laid aside they might enjoy what they had attained with so many dangers and so persevering an industry and therefore having so long intreated the aid of their neighbours to divert the Arms imminent over them by a moderate Peace and having afterwards gotten to themselves a solid and well-setled liberty from a fatal necessity which was allowed and confirmed by Kings and Princes they would not change it for a deceitful Peace That they had heretofore entred into Covenants with the Netherlandish Lords and were now ready to renew the same for it was evidently seen how small the authority of the Archdukes was since Spinola a Foreiner received his Command over the Netherlands by Commission from Spain They never refused a safe and well-grounded Peace so as Religion might be safe and the Commonwealth not hazarded But if that opinion remained that as there ought to be but one Pope for the ruling Ecclesiastical affairs so for the Government of Temporal matters there should be but one King and that the Monarch of Spain Germany should see that the Hollanders would not be wanting either to their own or the publick safety As to the business spoken of concerning damages done by them they would endeavour that their Justice and Equity should not be blamed That they should be reputed very rash and inconsiderate if they should deliver up any strong Holds while Spinola lay about the Rhine they knew Germany it self might thus be forewarned if they would consider Mendosa 's Army and the contumelious injuries received by them About this time came forth a Book written by Francis Renes a learned man and of good repute in the Commonwealth of which he had deserved well for writing the Annals thereof in the native Language this man the Author being dead the Book was set forth and published by his friends discoursing of many things as well ancient as novel and relating the many tyrannies and oppressions of the House of Austria and the Spaniards and what treacherous Leagues those Princes used towards other people especially those whom the Pope absolved by a Religious kinde of perjury and setting forth that from thence the danger was equal both to the Catholicks and Reformed people and that there was no other issue to be expected then by Conquest since those waies which are absolutely desperate to men are yet evident and well known to God While these things were minded discursively the Warre in the mean time is spurred on in good earnest For those Forces that had been taken up at Ostend made a great accession of strength to the Hollanders besides some Regiments came out of France to their aid the King sending them advice that they should first draw out into the Field for it would be more for their advantage to be before-hand with the Enemy then to let him get the start of them But in England and Germany Forces were levied and raised for both parties with a vendible faith as they met Souldiers of Fortune or else as Religion led any man to one side or the other Also the Hollanders hasted to raise money with all speed but the Netherlanders under the Archduke came to it with less willingness and more delay for that the Warre was maintained against their will and they were jealous of the ill managing of the Treasury besides the United States had increased their displeasure by writing to the Nobles of affairs that concerned the common good which things so terrified Albertus that he would not suffer a meeting of the Provinces under him though often before and at that time chiefly the same was desired fearing lest by his denial of many things he should become unable to resist their envy or the authority of the States being contemned they should according to their neighbour example fall to direct force his Letters to his friends detecting this his fear which the Hollanders intercepting sent to
chose among these Trebizond for a new Seat of another Empire the Trade was drawn thither through the Caspian Sea by a way not so much used as known to the Romans of old as Pliny teacheth us out of Varro and afterwards the Turks Power encreasing thereabout it was carryed thence by Camells and Dromedaries to Aleppo But the Sultans that possessed Caire restored it again to the Red Sea and Alexandria After this the Portugueses having searched many parts of Africa and Asia and planted Colonies in the Year One Thousand Five Hundred and Twelve came to these Islands whereby force and Arms prevailing partly by the differences of the Kings there and partly by the strengâ—h of their Shipping easily made themselves Lords of the Trade of Cloves spoyling and destroying all Ships that by chance at any time came thither either from Persia or Arabia and stopping up all the passages into Egypt Thus did the Sultans loâ—e no less than the yearly Revenew of fourscore Thousand Ducats At that time the King of Ternata was Boloif the Son of â—rgeo who was looked upon among his Subjects as a Prophet the King of Tideris was Almansor these were at variance between themselves a long time only out of a desire of increasing Dominion which was the Original and cause of their slavery The Portugueses preferred the friendship of him of Ternata as having the larger Government and as if they believed any thing lawful to be done against Mahomitans they poysoned Almansor disobeying their Command for which cause his Son and Heir Raxamira submitted himself to the obedience of the Castilians who eight years after publickly came into those parts as if with an intent to take possession thereof averting that their Ancestors and Magellane had discovered those places before the Portugueses and besides they so interpreted the method of dividing the World and the several positions of places with such incertain dimensions that they would include these places within the bounds of their Empire Hence it came that when those two distinct People Spaniards and Barbarians were intermingled they had sharp but no long conflicts because the Emperour Charles the Fifth who Reigned in Castile wanting money and not rightly understanding of what great concernment the matter in agitation was accepting from John the Third King of Portugall Three Hundred and Fifty Thousand Duckets He pawned to Him all His Right in the Mollucca's from whence the Portugueses have since claimed a free Trade there without interruption sending all their Cloves to Goa from whence the Persians Turks Chinoys and Africans fetched them yet scarcely so much by a third part as is vended to the European Nations Therefore it was no wonder that out of the Molucca Islands and Amboyna which is not far distant and brings forth the same Fruit and Banda where the best Nutmegs grow which bears a Flower that is called Mace the Kings of Portugalls had a yearly Revenew of Two Hundred Thousand Duckats Pepperâ— and Ginger growing every where are esteemed vile to these so also is Cinamon Now as the Wealth of these barbarous Kings increased so also did the injuries offered to them for that which at first was but an allyance after became and was turned into publick Tyranny and what before was the Obligation to Fidelity now was converted into designs of Treachery After the Death of Bolcif his Son Bajan that succeeded Him in the Kingdom was taken Prisoner and after Him his Brother and King Dayall These by some means or other being dead one Arrias took the Kingdom who also was Himself first Imprisoned and afterwards slain for no cause but out of envy to His greatness for He was unspotted in His Fidelity insomuch that many Islands about which had formerly been Governed by the Noblemen in admiration of His Vertues submitted themselves to His Government so that He had under His Command above seventy Isles and no small parts of the Celebes Country Mindanao and Gilolo His two Elder Sons were so terrified with that sad Example that they refused the Name of King and so escaped the danger The Third named Babus ventured to take the Crown and promising to revenge the former facts it was admirable to see how much Affection both His Subjects and Neighbours shewed to him In His Reign the English first came out of Europe under the Conduct of Captain Drake in the Year One Thousand Five Hundred Seventy and Nine and disturbed the Possession of the Portugueses Babus expected ayd a long time from these but being frustrate of His hopes and the Courages of the Barbarians beginning as is usual by little and little to languish and hearing that the Wealth both of Castile and Portugall were united in King Philip He sent some to him to excuse the revenge He had taken for His Fathers murther and promised for the future Faith and Obedience But he was eluded with ambiguous Answers â—â—til soon after dying together with the Kingdom He left to His Brother Zaida instead of hopes of Parâ—on His hatred against the Spaniards ready to burst out upon any occasion given There was also one Molee who after Raâ—amira Succeeded His Father Guna slain by Zaida and his Brother Gâ—apabaguna uncertain by whom poysoned in the Government of Tyderis who to oblige the Portugueses by good Offices was envious of their adversaries These were they the Hollanders found when first as we have before related they came into that World In the Year One Thousand Six Hundred Zaida first with joy beheld the Hollanders Arms able to cope with the Portugall Power against whom He joyned with the other with so much Courage that He not only defied the Spaniards as Enemies but slighted the English who desired Commerce and Trade with them but calling the Hollanders his Allyes and Confederates and the deliverers both of Himself and the Sea from tyrannous oppressions On the other side the King of Tyderis permitted the Portugueses to Erect a Castle in their Territories And before Cornelius Sebastian came thither the English once more arrived there with their Ships boasting to the Portugueses That there was a Peace between Spain and England They that accounted all Foreigners Enemies yet then counterfeited Friendship to the English although the fear of the Hollanders was more prevalent Nor was gain onely diminished by these and the number of Merchants lessened but the English resisted them that prepared for War against Tyderis that they might sell Gunpowder to the Portugalls by the scarcity whereof they were much pinched but by perseverance in Counsell it was agreed between Zaida and the Hollanders that He should only make a shew of War while they brought over their Army into the Island of Tyderis That the Hollanders only should perform the Assault of the Castle because the Barbarians are carryed â— rather by fury than advice and being once broken off suddenly loose all their Courage The Marriners therefore first of all climb up and assault two Caracks lying near the Bay then setting fire on
be re-united Besides the Indian Ships are fit and ready for War whereof some are always at home â—it for suddain Service and without any publick charge would be a publick Fleet But what would the Spanish Fleet nothing but at pleasure take booty from their Enemies Let the gain thereof here be shared with their Enemy and let him there also partake of their most plentiful advantage and by that meanes the Spanish Wealth now too great to let the World enjoy peace will be lessened And that it may be the better discerned what ought to be denyed to King PHILIP it is to be observed what he most earnestly demands which may be imagined the cause of his desiring peace Those antient LORDS of that poor Kingdom are beholding to India and America for the great raising of their Fortune which at this time hath made them so proud as to despise Kings for herein is concerned the cause of most neighbour Princes to whom by the loss of the Sea the Hollander would be of no use If we look upon the Enemy aright we shall find him bend all his endeavours thither that he may be able to do injuries when and where he pleaseth The Hollanders labour for this only that they may not be compelled to suffer If either Justice or power be sought they have on their side all Laws both Divine and Humane who have given to all a right of Navigation and Merchandise as Nature hath disposed to all an equal share both of Ayr and Earth Although before the Wars the Hollanders did not sail to the Indies yet that they had a right and might have done it nor can the longest possession prevail against the Authority of the Law of Nations They that would shut up the Sea and challenge Merchandise to themselves alone what other thing do they then Pyrates and Ingroffers of Provision Antiquity averred Arms to be justly taken up against them who excluded any from their Harbors how much more then against them who would drive them from the Ports belonging to others Peace without Trade is not Peace but a perpetual hostility where the right of Defence is utterly taken away And now the hitherto unspotted fidelity of the Hollanders could not be sullyed by a more no able example then if they should leave and betray the Indian Kings and People confederate with them to the Spanish cruelty If the Spaniards resolve to perform what shall be agreed on let the business now be perfected as it will be when the Hollanders are declared Free and when they have agreed then that each shall quietly enjoy what at the present he shall possess for nothing ought to be limited to Freemen and Traffick admitted in all places whereof they have Possession But that they should set so high an esteem upon Philip for yielding up a part of his Dominion there was little reason truly for the same since it was not a gift but a confession of the truth without which there was no hopes of concord It were more honourable for him to give or take Peace then while his Affairs succeeded so well to sell it which if he would not believe he should eft-soons experiment it The fruit of forty years bloudshed would be utterly lost and in vain were Arms taken up for Liberty and against that terrible bugbear of Commerce the tenth raised by Alva if now as great a slavery should be voluntarily admitted to and they suffer themselves to be deprived of the greater part of the World by their Enemies which they â—ould never have endured from any Prince These things were urged by them A few on the other side averred That this was private business and ought not to hinder the publick Peace at leastâ—ise that the cause of some Maritime people ought not to be handled alone when the evil of War extended to all Lastly where the Spanish Negotiation was short and safe it â—â—ticed Seamen by their good will to avoid long Voyages which are frequently obnoxious to diseases Upon mature consideration of the matter by the United States these things seemed to them to be just causes why they would not desert and quit the Indies yet that they â—ight not leave any thing untryed for the ending the War after much dispute they offer the Spaniards their choise either that they would make a firm Peace with freedome of Navigation or else according to the example of France and Brittain all beyond the line should be left to the decision of Arms or else to conclude a Peace here and only a Truce â—â—ere But the Spaniards would neither permit that negotiation saying that Peace and War mingled resembled a Prodigy but at last they gave hopes of a Truce in the Indies if when the time thereof was elapsed they would abstain from any further Navigations to those parts But the States that abhorred those conditions revived the Counsels of the American society lately laid aside if perchance they could work upon the Enemy by fear But they quickly understood these were but threats nor indeed did that matter proceed any further while they who were desirous of Peace among the Hollanders were afraid to be severe towards dissenters Without doubt this state of Affairs was very prejudicial to the people of the United Provinces Arms being only forbidden as uncertain whether there should be Peace or War whereupon many of the common people who got their living by War were not apt to apply themselves to any other business and so were afflicted with two evils idleness and penury and therefore the States esteemed it more convenient to hasten the end of the Treaty to this purpose they advised the Spaniards That they should on both sides propose the chief heads of what was to be insisted on They alledged it to be an unusual thing to make new Proposals before the former were concluded yet at length they consented not that they would distinctly and plainly offer the particulars but only the chief points in general and that in obscure tearms for they said there remained yet to be treated of concerning their limits the restitution of goods Forreign commerce money and those immunities which were granted to the English or others in the Netherlands as also of Religion and Neighbouring Princes Being asked when they mentioned Religion since the same was contained in King Philips Letters whether this were their meaning That they which passed up and down should not be infested under pretence of Religion or whether they would prescribe Laws to the Hollanders whereby Divine matters among them should be ordered They answered This was a matter concerning which they would advise with their Prince and after the other things were seâ—led when they came to that they would more clearly procure and produce their determination On the other side the States delivered not a few and those ambiguously contrived but eight and twenty branches or heads contained in plain words such as usual for the confirmation of Peace or taking away the injuries of War
the Prince of Ligny delay'd to make Restitution that the States should adjudge the possession of Wassenaer belonging to the Princes of Ligny in Holland to the Princes of Spinoy And this was given in Favour of the Duke of Roan at that time very powerful in France as having the chief Command of the Treasury and Exchequer And his Daughter mas marryed into the House of Spinoy The Ninth Day of April the League was made whereby those Arms famous through Europe and now carryed into another World were laid aside by a Truce in hope of a future Peace And immediatly it was approved by the Arch-Dukes and States Letters and publikely proclaim'd at Antwerp and in all those Parts to the high content and with the exceeding Joy of all the Common People But it was not so well resented among the Hollanders who though People of their own Nature loving Peace yet having been disorder'd by the prosperity and misery of fourty years yet could not suddainly return to their first Nature But Foreiners when the Report thereof came to their Ears they wonder'd that such a Confession of Liberty and share in the Indies could be extorted from so puissant a King being a Thing so far without Example that it was even beyond Credit From hence reckoning the value of strength and Counsels And certainly from this time many Kings Princes and Nations began 〈◊〉 respect the Society and Alliance of Holland FINIS The TABLE A ADrian Pope when and his Description 9 Aurange William Prince of Aurange his Extract and Character Marriages being stobbed and Death â—12 40 143 144 145 150. Alva Duke of Alva his Character and Favour with the Emperour Charles and King Philip 21 Aurange Prince refuseth to take Command of the Souldiers Philip would leave at his Departure and the like doth Count Egmond 22 He together with Egmond and Horn write to King Philip perswading to remove Granvel 27 28 He with several other Lords makes Parties and why 32 Arms commanded to be taken and why 35 Anabaptists not feared in the Netherlands and why 36 Antwerp submits to the Prince of Aurange where he forbids Sermon 39 Aurange Prince desires to lay down all Offices but not permitted 〈◊〉 and why 4â— He refuseth the New Oath so doth Hochstraten and why He retires to Germany 42 44 45. Alva's Counsel to King Philip and the success thereof 44 He is sent thither with an Army as Governour ib. Arrives in the Low-Countriâ—s where none opposâ— him 45 46. Aurange Prince cited to appear and proscribed and his eldest Son seized and carried into Spain 49 122. He is desired to take up Arms but refuseth and why 50 Aremberg Count slain in Frizeland ibid. Aurange Prince sets forth a Narrative to what purpose 5 122. Aurange Prince takes Arms 51. Raiseth an Army in Germany and comes into the Netherlands and is worsted by Alva without fighting 53 54. Whereupon he marcheth thence into France ib. Alva Presented with a Consecrated Sword 55 He erects a Statue in his own Honour 55 Aurange Prince raiseth new Forces and who assisted him therein and who refused 58 59 Alva sends to search the English Ports 58 Aurange Prince sends Letters to the Netherlands and gets a strength at Sea to which he gives Commission 60 He is chosen Governour of Holland by the League 63 Aurange Prince Disbands his Army and goes into Holland 64 Amsterdam sticks to the Spaniards 68 93 Aurange Prince settles the Commonwealth 69 Alâ—mar in Holland besieged beats off the Spaniards 73 Alva recalled from the Government of the Low-Countries 74 Returns into Spain and is together with his Son thrown into Prison 74 Antwerp a mutiny begun there by whom when and for what 75 Aldegond very intimate with the Prince of Aurange leaves Publick Imployment after the Princes death and turns Preacher and so dyes 79 163 610 611 Aloâ—t seized by the mutineer Spaniards 82 Antwerp sacked by the Spanish Souldiery 83 Admits the Prince of Aurange and the Souldiers of the Union and the effect of the Treaty 84 Aurange Prince chosen Governour of Brabant wherewith many of the Great ones are displeased 88 Amsterdam besieged by the Nassavians comes to Articles 93 Aurange Prince renews the League of Union at Utrecht 107. The Names of the Provinces then United ibid. And the Heads of the League 107 108 The same League confirmed by Oath and the number of the people taken 10â— Articles of Agreement and Composition from King Philip the Heads thereof and Opinions thereon 111 112 113 Antonio Don King of Portugal driven out by Philip. 114 115 Aurange Prince beloved by the Commons 126 127 Wounded at Antwerp and the Peoples sorrow for it 127 Aloâ—t taken by Francis Valois 127 Aurange Prince leaves Antwerp and goes to live in Zeland and why 136 Aloâ—t betrayed and sold to the Spaniards 141 Antwerp besieged builds Forts to secure shipping 143 160 161 People there desire aid of their Allyes to no purpose 149 Is relieved with Provision 160 Yet quickly after surrendred to Parma 162 Aldegund blamâ—d for the surrender thereof 163 Altapen slain by Count Hohenlo and where and how 180 Arnheim won by Parma and how 237 Aquisgrave attempted by the Spaniards but redeems it self with monyâ— yet afterwards seized 237.238 Antonio Don restored by the English and Hollanders 238. â—39 Arragon Description of the Countrey and how the people were insleved by the Spanyards 280.281 Ambushes laid and by whom and for what purpose but in vain 325. Areschot a Nobleman his Speech in the Councel at Bruxels and how approved 357.358.359 He retires to Venice and why 367 Antonio Don King of Portugal deceased 393 Albertus Archduke of Austria sent Governour into the Netherlandâ— 420 He arrives there and brings with him the Prince of Aurange 421 He is not disliked by the Hollanders 422 Arde a French Town won by him 426 Albertus highly applauded by all sends to the Emperour and for what 444 He writes to King Philip concerning Peace 445 Albertus is grievously troubled with the loss at Turnholt as well as want of money 484 485 Amiens a French City surprised by a stratagem for Albertus and effect produced thereby 485.486.487 Besieged by the King of France 487.503 And delivered to him 504 Alvarez Agilarius Governor of Dunkirk taken Prisoner by Sir Edward Norris Governor of Osâ—end 504 Andrew of Austria Cardinal chosen Deputy Regent of the Low-Countreys by Albertus 567 Albertus writes Letters to the United States and to what purpose to do others to Prince Maurice but to no effect and why 568 569 Antwerp grievously punished by sedition of the Souldiers as also divers other places 571 572 Albertus layes down his Cardinals Dignity 573 Departs into Germany and so to Spain 574 Receives news of King Philips death at Prague 575 Meets in Italy Margaret going to be marryed to the young King Philip 578 Aquisgrave a German City proscribed and why 583 It is pardoned and upon what tearms 58â— Alpen Garrisoned by Mendosa together
with other places 604.605 Andrew of Austria Cardinal his Envoyes defence of the Spanish cruelty in an Assembly of the Germanâ— 617.618.619.620 Andrew Fort rased by the Spaniards and why 633 65â— Albertus returns to the Netherlands 650 Where he finds Cardinal Andrew and Mendosa at difference and for what whereupon the Cardinal is sent away 650 He finds all things else in disorder and why 651 Andrew Fort besieged by Prince Maurice and surrendred to him for 125000. Florens 660 Albertus Fort besieged by Prince Maurice 667 Archdukes gather together their Army 668 March towards Newport 669 Comes in sight of Prince Maurices Army 672 Draws his men into Battalia and the form thereof 673 Archdukes send Deputies to the United States and for what who are met by others and the effect of their colloquy 689.690.765.881 Aquila Don John sent from Spain to aid the Irish Rebels but soon forced to return 711.712 Achem King thereof stirred up by the Portugueses against the Hollanders but he becomes a friend 730.731 Arabella Lady set up to claim the English Crown and by whom with the event thereof 746 Albertus puts to death some Prisoners which is requited by Prince Maurice 756.757 Antwerp surrounded by Prince Maurice but no purpose 789.790.791 Albertus recruits his Army with new levyeâ— 795 796 Aquisgrave oppressed and how and by whom 816.817 Aurange Prince Philip restoâ—ed to his Principality and by what means 857 America a Description of some part thereof 873 Archdukes Letters to the States for confirmation of their Liberty 879 Aurange Prince comes into Holland and for what Reasons 948.949 Antwerp appointed the place of Treaty 968 B. BIshops New Bishops when first set up in the Netherlands and by whom and in what places 25.26 They are found fault with 26 Brederode Henry and who else with him were leaders of the Faction 33 He is driven out of the Countrey 55 Berghen op Zome the Marquess thereof dyeth in Spain 50 Brill taken by four and twenty ships 61 Bossu the Spanish Governour of Hollanders out of the Island of Vorne 61 He spoils Roterdam 61 â—ommâ—l-Island comes into the Union 69 Bostu taken with his whole Fleet. 73 Bommenede taken by Requesens 79 Brabant the people there affect the Prince of Aurange so do the Flandrians 81 Bruxels destined to plunder by the mutinous Spaniards 82 Bossu General of the Netherlanders Army 98 His Camp at Rimâ—en assaulted by Don John who was repulsed 99 Bruges a great sedition and tumult at Bruges but quickly appeased and how the like also in other places 109.110 Breda delivered to Parma and by whom 116 Biron sent with an Army from France to help the Hollanders 133 Brabant people there throw down the banks and let out the Scheldt and why 141 Bruges delivered to the Spaniard 141.142 Bruxels delivered to Parma 162 Bonne taken by Colonel Schenck by surprise 183 Bergheâ—op Zoâ— besieged by Parma and why 217 The Description thereof 218 The Townsmens valor in defence of the place 219 Treachery against it discovered by whom and how prevented 220 The Siege broken up and the Town given by the States to Prince Maurice 221 Bonne besieged by Parma and delivered to him upon honourable conditions 21.122.223 Bommel attempted by Charls Mansfeldt but in vain 229 Berck besieged by Parma's command 232 Blybcke Castle taken by the Spaniard 233 Berck relieved by Schenck 234 But at last won by the Spaniard 236.237 Breda taken by stratagem from the Spaniard and how 244.245.246 Besieged again by Parma but in vain 250.251 Bourtang a great Moor a Fort raised therein and for what purpose 315.316 Brandenburgh Elector seeks Allyance with the United States so do several others 376 Balagny in vain seeks to strengthen his Tyranny and why 394.395 Burgundy by whom possessed of old and by whom at this day 398.399 Bodleigh Thomas sent by Queen Elizabeth to the Hollanders and for what 400 401 Baolot Claudius a Netherlandish Colonel his valour and Policy 429.430.431 Berck the Description of the Town besieged by Prince Maurice and delivered to him 506 507 508 Demanded of the States by the Bishop of Colen and their answer to him 508.509.602.603 Breâ—fort besieged by Prince Maurice 514.515.516 Taken together with the Castle 517.518 Burghley Lord dyes and his Speech to Q. Elizabeth at his death 560 Berck besieged by Mendosa 601 Infected with the Plague 603.604 Burick taken by Mendosa 604 Berck summoned by Alfonso Avales 605 A sad accident happens there and what 605.606 The Town surrendred to the Spaniard 606.607 Bucquoy Count taken Prisoner and by whom 622.623 Bommel Isle the Description thereof 626.627 Entred by the Spaniards 627 The Inhabitants incouraged by Prince Maurice 628 Breautee the fight between him and Grobbendone 657.658 He is taken Prisoner and basely killed 657.658 Barlot Claudius killed his Character 687 Berck besieged by Prince Maurice 697 Won by him 699 Biron Duke accused of Treason Imprisoned and Beheaded 734.735 Bucquoy Count passes the Rhine and why 796 Erects a Fort at Kâ—sers Weert 796.797 Berck re-inforced by Prince Maurice 797 Berghenop Zosm attempted in vain 805.806.807.808 Brunswick troubles there and for what and how and by whom composed 825.826 Breâ—fort attempted by Terral and surprized for the Spaniard but regained by Henry of Nassaw for the Hollander 831.832 Bâ—rck besieged by Spinola 839.840.841 Delivered to him and why 842 Britain troubles there for what and how composed 863 Bruyke Count killed by the Spaniards 868 Barbary troubles there and for what 965 C. CHarls Emperour consults of the alteration of the State in the Netherlands and how he was deterred 9.10 Church Ceremonies of the Latine Church and the Latine Tongue when and why generally received 14 Charls Emperor condemns Luther 18 Cruelty rather the cause of Rebellion than Religion and why 20 Confederates their desires to the Lady Regent and her answer 33.34 Calvin where and by whom followed 36.37 Confederate Lords meet at Dendremund and why and for what 39.40 Confederacy broken at the present and how and by what means 41 Charls eldest Son of King Philip put into ward and there dyes 50 Casimir sent for and comes into the Netherlands with strong recruits of men 92.94.100 He pacifies the Flandrians and perswades them to receive Souldiers 101 He departs to England 102 Charls Son to Count Egmond goes over to the King 109 Courtray in Flanders won by the Duke of Parma 116 Cambrâ—y a City its situation besieged by the Spaniards 123.124 Charls Cimace Areschots Son his dissimulation and treachery to his Countrey 138.139.141.142 Complaints made to the Earl of Leicester for what by whom but to little purpose 173.174 Commoni to have a share in Government when how and why 174 175 Creviceur a Castle why so named 180 Cavendish sails into America and falls upon the Molucca Isles 181 Covorden the Description thereof 291.292 Besieged by Prince Maurice 291. ad 298 Delivered to him 298 Capelle a French Town forced to surrender 323 Castel John his Execution and for
what 342 Cambray besieged by the Spaniard 347.393.394 Cleves and Juliers Dutchies claimed by the Spaniards and others 375.444 Castellet taken by the Spaniards 387 Cambray delivered to the Spaniard 395.396 Cornwal a County in England invaded by the Spaniards 402 Calais besieged by Albertus and why 423.424 Attempted to be relieved by the Count St. Paul but in vain 425 Is surrendred together with the Castle 425 416 Cadiz Voyage and the Issue thereof 446. ad 453 A Description of the City of Cadiz 448 449 The City taken 451 Corn for hidden by Edict to be carryed into Spain and why 469 Clement Pope at Ferrara by Proxies marries King Philip to Margaret and Albertus to Isabella 580 Cleves and Juliers about to raise an Army cannot agree on a General 585 The Cities thereof fortified and why 598.599 They desire to make a defensive League and with whom and why 600 Send thanks to Prince Mamrice but complain of the Spaniards 600 601 Culenburg Count Florence Palante his death 610 Culcar a Town of Cleves taken by the Spaniard together with many others 615 Creveâ—cur Fort besieged and taken by the Spaniards 629 Regained by Prince Maurice 658 Clort a Captain takes 300 of the Enemies near Wachtendow surpriseâ—h Straten and takes Cracow Castle 694.695 Coetorden re-enforced by Prince Maurice 805 Cratow Castle taken by Bucquoy 814 Cloves a rich commodity and from whence brought 850.851.852 Cessation of Arms for eight Moneths agreed on between the Hollanders and Spaniards 880 Continued for a longer time 896 Cessation of Arms lengthened 901.902 Commissioners on both sides meet the manner thereof and who they were 915.916.917 Cessation of Arms prolonged 925 The same again continued 927 Commissioners for the Archdukes commanded out of Holland by Decree and the Treaty broke off 938 They take leave of the States and their speech at that time with the States answer thereto 938 Calvin his Opinions 951 D. DUtch the Form of their Government 10.11 Difference between France and Spain upon what grounds and by whom begun 59 Dordect the Form of a Commonwealth there begun and by whom 63 Discords increase among the Netherlandish Lords 90.91 Dunkerk besieged by Parma and taken which for the future made the Sea dangerous and why 53 Damme surrendred to the Spaniard 142 Dewsburgh won by the Spaniard 163 Drake Francis wasts the toasts of Spain with a Fleet. 181 Denmark the King layes an Imbargo on all Dutch Vessels and why 184 Discipline Military more strict and better with the States than the Spaniards 197 Drake Francis made Vice-Admiral 209 Dutch ships seised in Scotland and why 224 Deventer besieged by Prince Maurice assaulted and surrendred 265.266.267 Delfeziel won by Prince Maurice 270 Assaulted by Verdugo but with great loss 326 Dorpius Arnold called the Rich is envyed called to question imprisoned pardoned and again employed and how 356.357 Dolens in viewing whereof Lamot is killed 389 Drion a Town in Burgundy won by the French King 399 Drake Francis sails into America and why before his return he dyes 405.405 Dunkerk Pyrats thence take several Holland ships 419 Some of the Pyrats apprehended and executed 420 Denmark Embassador from thence and to what purpose with the States answer thereto 493.494 Danny Peter his Treason against Prince Maurice and Execution for the same 569.570 Doetichem taken by Mendosa 614 Dorst a Town in the Bishoprick of Colen taken by the Spaniard 611 Douse Peter Admiral of the Dutch Fleet. 640 He goes to Guine the description of the place 644 645 646 A Pestilence afflicts the Hollanders there of which Douse himself dyes 646 647 648 Dunkirk Pyrates taken and executed 649 Dort Hollanders first build a Galley there which quickly after were encreased 691 692 Dunkirk Pyrates their insolency and punishment 695 Dorp Frederick succeeds General Vere in the Government of Ostend 717 Dunkirk Pyrates put to death and why 815 Denmark Embassadors thence arrive in Holland and for what intent 903 Dubois Warner killed and by whom 909 E. EGâ—ond Lamâ—rall Count Egmond his extract and Character his Valour fear of the Spaniard apprehension by Alâ— and death 12 13.40 45 47 48 His difference with Granvel and for what 24 His going into Spain behaviour there Entertainment anâ—â—turn 29 England throws off the Pope so doth Denmark and Sweden 31 Edict set out by the King of Spain and the effect thereof 55 56 Escovedo Secretary to Don John of Austria killed 103 England the Character of the English and how they were concerned with Holland 151 The difference of nature between them and the Hollanders 166 167 Edict to prohibit the transportation of Corn 169 The same Edâ—ct revived and amended 179 English insensible of their danger from the Spanish Fleet. As also the Hollanders 207 English Fleet how disposed to resist the Spaniard 〈◊〉 secure the Kingdom 208 209 They fight with the Enemy at distance and why 210 The whole Fleet met and the greatness thereof 212 They leave the pursuit suffer a storm and return home their Eulogy 215 Emperor of Germany sends an Embassie for Peace to the Hollanders but is refused and why 280 English annoy the Spaniards and where 283 Ernestus Duke of Austria sent Governour to and arrives in the Netherlands 320 His Character and reception among the Netherlanders 321 His first Musters impeded and how and by whom 324 Which makes him contemptible 325 Elizabeth Queen offended with the States and why 346. 464 Ernestus calls a Councel at Bruxels and for what 357 His dissimulation with the Netherlanders 360 Ernestus dies his Character 366 Emperour sends Letters to the States and their answer to the same 374. 493 Embden a Relation of the troubles of Embden and the Original causes and compoâ—â—ion thereof 377 378 ad 383 English and French ready to quarrel and for what 400. 464 Echternach a Town in Lutzenburg taken by the Hollanders 427 Emperor sends to the States and their answer 446. 653 English and Hollanders wast the Sea-coasts of Spain with a great Fleet. 446 Essex Earl General of the Land-Forces in the Cadiz Voyage his Character 446 447.551.652 653 Elizabeth Queen demands satisfaction of the States with their answer and Petition 458 459 460 Her Answer to the Polish Embassador 498 499 Azores Islands fallen upon by a great Fleet of English and Hollanders 499. 500 The Fleet dispersed by Tempests returns home 500 501 Emilia Sister to Prince Maurices offends him by an unequal Marriage and the event thereof 523 524 English difference between them and the Germans the beginning thereof and for what and how setled 535 536 537 538 Elizabeth Queen very angry with the Hollanders and why yet afterwards appeased and by what means 559. 653 Emmeric taken by Prince Maurice from Mendosa and quitted 610 Again surprised and Garrisoned by the Spaniards 622 Essex Earl harasses Ireland succesfully 652 He is committed to custody and for what 653 Emperor Embassadors from him to the States concerning what with the States Answer 663.664 Essex Earl brought to
Treaty between Q. Elizabeth and Albertus and upon what tearms with the event thereof 662 663 Portugal Fleet K. fought with and worsted by the Hollanders 728 729 Peace Treaty between K. James King of Spain and the Arch-Dukes and the effect thereof 777 778 779. Several opinions concerning a peace between the Spaniard and Hollanders 783 784 785 Poland troubles there and whence arising and how concluded and upon what tearms 858 859 Portugueses their Petition to King Philip. 863 864 Philip King inclinable to peace and why 864 865 Peace Treaty desired by King Philip but put off by the Hollanders 866 867. Treaty first begun and how and upon what 917 918 919. The first branch agreed conditionally others positively 918 919 920. The point of Commerce debated both by the Commissioners and by Books 919 920 921 922 923. The chief remaining heads to be treated on both sides 924 925 926. Whereupon the Commissioners proceed with much dissention 926 927 928. Treaty lengthened for 6. weeks 929. A Truce resolved on and why 933 934. Great differences concerning the same 935.944 945. The Embassadors of the Kings interpose for reconciling the same 945 946 947 948. Provinces all agree and upon what terms 967 Peace Treaty renewed at Antwerp the heads thereof 968. The points formerly differed on agreed how 969. The heads of the League concluded 970 971. The Commissioners on both sides meet at Antwerp 〈◊〉 conclude 972 973 974. The League absolutely concluded and publickly proclaimed both by the Arch-Dukes and States 975 976 Q. QUeen of England refuseth to ayd the Hollanders for take the Soveraignty over them 79 163 16â— 177. She inclines towards them and moves the King of Spain to peace 90. She sends them a supply of Souldiers 94.151.164 She sends to them to condole the Prince of Aurange his death so doth the French King 150 She declares her self for the Hollanders 164. Is troubled at the Irish Rebellions and many other things and what they were 181 She hearkens to a Treaty with the Spaniard against the will of the Dutch 185 186. She fills the Thames Banks with Souldiers to resist the Spaniards She is praised for her Valour 208 Almost deceived by Rumours 209 R. Religion Christian Religion when Ceremonies were 〈◊〉 thereto and why Instructors thereof first sent from Rome 〈◊〉 Reformation when begun and the Authors of several Sects among the Reformed People 15 16. Edicts concerning Religion which first set in the Netherlands and by whom and the punishments appointed thereby 18 19 20 21 Roman Ceremonies thrown out of the Churches and Romanists debatâ— of imployment 71 Revenues of all sorts and Tributes brought into a common Treasury 72.89 Requesens Lewis succeeds Alva in the Government of the Netherlands his Character 74. His death whereby the Government revolves to the Senate 8â— Rodolfus Emperor of Germany 88. His brother Matthias Archduke of Austria chosen Governor by the Netherlanders in opposition to Don John yet the Prince of Aurange manageth all 88.89 Reformers their Petition to the Archduke Matthias and Prince of Aurange and their answer to the same 95 96 Renâ—berg overthrown by the Naslavians dyes 118 Ringaltius a Renegado Imployed by the Earl of Leicester which was very ill resented 168.173 His miserable end 173 Richardot sent into Spain by Parma and why 232 Roan besieged by the French King 282. The siege raised 283 Ronce Christian Spanish Campmaster-General slain his character 435.436 Râ—es and Emmeric Garrisoned by Mendosa and why 610.611 Recklinhuysen taken by the Spaniards 611 Religion differences thereabout in England at the comming in of King Jamâ—s and how composed 744 745.746 Reâ—s Francis set forth a new book and the effect thereof 787 Roâ—â—qoâ—t fortified by Spinola 797 Richardot leaves his private instructions behind him in the Inn and the Heads thereof 938.939 Religion a difference therein between Arminius and Goâ—narus and their several Tenets with the sauâ—ors of the same 949 950.951.952 Allowed to be argued by the States and before whom and where 953 All the Acts of the Dispute silenced and why 952 S. Spaniards the difference between them and the Dutch with a Description of both 7.8 Spanish Souldier removed out of the Netherlands and why 23 Seditious people owned and aâ—ned by the Confederate Nobles 38 Spaniards begin to look at revenge and against whom and why 43 They are worsted in Friezeland and by whom 77. They harass Holland take Outwater and Coblentz but are worsted at Utrecht 78 Spanish Fleet scattered by disease and the Captain thereof dyed 78.79 Schounen Island taken by the Spaniards 79 Spaniards go out of Holland conducted by Roda. 83 Are put out of the Netherlands but quickly return 86.87 Senate chosen by the Hollanders and for what purpose and by whose advice 119 Stâ—enwick won by Verdugo and how 128 Souldiers their number on both sides and how disposed their pay equal on both sides 128.129.197 Steland Governor of Waese for the Hollanders his treachery to them and revolt to the Spaniard 140.141 Schewck Colonel comes to the Earl of Leicester and fortifies the Isle of Gravewaert 171. Defend Beâ—ck against Parma valiantly 172 Sydney Philip slain where when and by whom 172 Stanley William made Governor of Deventer by Leicester 172 States take Cognizance of all things and why 173.174 Soâ—oy seeks the Government of Friezeland for himself which he held before under the Prince of Aurange 176 Senate care of the Commonwealth left by the Earl of Leicester to the Senate but with reserves of power to himself which they complain of 178 Scots the Queen of Scots put to death and why 178 Stanley William betrayes Deventer to the Spaniard 178 Goes into Spain where he is neglected 179 Sluys besieged and battered by Parma and at last won by him 180.181 States by Edict answer Leicester recrâ—minations 182 Spanish Fleet prepared against England to be manned by Parma 183 Spanish Provinces in the Netherlands how governed 195 Spanish Fleet the description thereof 205 206 Spaniards therein their great confidence 207. Their over-sight and wherein and how excusable 209. They send to Parma but to no purpose 212. They are affrighted at the approach of the English Fire-ships but rally at Gravelâ— 213 The Losses suffered by the Spanish Fleet how great 215.216 Spaniards sent to Surprize Thol overcâ—me and slain by Count Solmes 218.219 Scheack Colonel fights with Verdugo kills his men and hath a great booty in Money 234. He sets upon Nimmeghen but is beaten off with great Loss and drowned in the Râ—ver there his Character 234 Sâ—â—ia Coasts thereof foraged by the English and Hollanders 238 Strenberge won by Prince Maurice 255 Spaniards mutiny 283.284.318 319.320 Steeawle the description of the Town 285. Besieged by Prince Maurice and the manner thereof 286. ad 291. The Valour of the Townsmen 287.288 Delivered to Prince Maurice 291 Spaniards mutiny together with others and why 350.355.524.571 The Sedition â—omented by the Hollanders 351 The Seditious maâ—e a League with the
Hollander 352 353 354 They are sent to by Count Ernestus for reconciliation 354 355 Spanish Counsellors their Character 361 Senate governs the Netherlands by Phillips Order 366 Solmes Count solemn â— married and to whom 374.375 Spanish Forces very numerous 386. Solmes Count Ernestus slain 392 Samagitians who and their description 414.415 Spanish Fleet under Martin Padilla sets out under what pretence 470 Spanish Fleet sets sayl from Calais laden with Men which are landed only one Ship taken by the Hollanders 543 Spanish Army greatly increaseth which proves very burdensome to all and why 596 Sevenar a Town in Cleves Garrisoned by Prince Maurice why 612 Spanish Army in great want and dare not fight Pr. Maurice 612.613 Goes to Winter in Germany but leaves behind their sick wounded without relief 609. How they behaved themselves there 611. c. Spanish Fleet flyes from the Dutch 641 Spinola Frederick ayds the Spaniard at Sea 649 Spanish Commanders Speech to the Souldiers 674.765 Shertogenbosh besieged by Prince Maurice 706.707 The Siege raised and why 708 Spinola Ambrose joyns his Forces to Mendosa's 719 Spinola Frederick his Galleys burned and spoiled by the English and Hollanders 726.727 Beaten again by the Zelanders killed 751 Spinola Ambrose comes to the Siege of Ostend 752.760.761 Shertogenbosh again besieged by Prince Maurice 754. to 757 And attempted to be relieved by the Arch Dukes 758.759 Spinola Ambrose General before Ostend 760. He is envied but minds it not proceeding with care in the Siege 761.762 Scluys besieged by Prince Maurice 767.768 Several Forts about the Town won by him 769. The Enemy attempts the Relief of it 770. ad 773. The Town Surrendred 774 Souldiers raised in England c. and by whom for what 787.788 Spinola Ambrose made a Knight of the Golâ—eâ— Fleece 788.789 He first causeth Souldiers to be brought out of Spain into Flanders by Sea 792.793 His Counsel to the King of Spain 795 He amuzes the Hollanders by dividing his Army 7â— He renews and settles Discipline 799 800. Dismisseth his Army 814. He is generally applaudâ— and why 8â—2 Sedan claimed by the Viscount Turcia for which he is called to account and departs into Germany 823. 824 It is delivered to the French King as a Pledg 824 825 Spanish Levies hindred both in Britain and Italy and how 826 827 Supremac Oath devised by King James to what purpose 827.828 Scluyes attempted and almost surprized by Terrall who is beaten off with great loss 832.833.834 Spinola marcheth into Frizeland with a great Army but is retarded by ill weather 835. He attempteth upon Swâ—ll but in vain 837 His Souldiers mutiny and why 842.843 Spanish Ships afflicted with Storms and Tempests and the Hollanders no less 847.848 Souldiers dismissed both by the Arch-Dukes and States why 909 Spanish Commissioners hindred by the Frost from coming to the Hague 914. Spanish Commissioners arrive at the Hague 915 Are met by Prince Maurice on the way 916 Spinola discontented at the breaking off the Treaty 938.939 Spaniards agree the States shall be called Illustrious 968 T. TOleration of Religion where allowable and where not and by whom and for what reasons 16.31 Trent Council the Decrees thereof published and the success of the same 30 Temples violated where and by whom 38 Taxes the several sorts of Taxes and by whom and when set and upon what as also the extent and continuance thereof and differences about the same 56.72.456.542.543.629.690.763.764 Turk falls into Africa where the Spaniard had possessions 82 Toâ—ay besieged and delivered by the Spaniard 124 Toledo Francisco flies from his Ship which is taken in Zealand 214 Thanks are given publickly to God by the Queen for her Victory against the Spaniards 217 Truce some for a Truce with the Hollanders and some against it and why 373.374 Tescline a German Colonel killed 431 Turnhoult the defeat given there by Prince Maurice his men to the Arch-Dukes with a description of the fight 478.479 ad 484. Twoâ—e Earl taken Prisoner and the Irish Rebellion ended 562 Ternate King thereof makes peace with the Hollanders 731.732 Trivulci a Spanish Colonel killed 812 Terâ—all a Spanish Commander worsted by the Hollander 830 Transylvania Troubles there whence arising and how and by what means composed 860.861 Tolâ—do Don Pedro sent Embassadour into France by King Philip and to what intent 929.930 V. VIglius finds fault with the Magistrates compliance with the People 38. His Counsel to the Regent 41 Valenciennes besieged and taken by and for whom 42.111 Union Names of the Cities of the Union and others added to them 69 70. Verdugo a Spaniard worsts Norris in a Fight 118 Venleo betraid to Parma and by whom 171 Union The Government of the United Provinces 189. to 195. Their Revenue 195. They are exceeded by the Spaniards Provinces there in Wealth 196. The number of their Army ibid. Their manner of 〈◊〉 the same 196 197. Character of the People in the â—nited Provinces 198 199 200 Vâ—ldes a great Spanish Commander with his Army taken by Sâ— Francis Drake 211. Vere Francis fights with Varembonius and worsts him with a great slaughter then relieves Perck 236 〈◊〉 The United States complain of the Germans and for what 260 They resolve to invade the Spanish Quarters 262 Vere Sir Francis takes Zutphen Sâ—once by stratagem 262 263 Verdugo with his Army assaults Prince Maurice's Camp before Covonden but is worsted 296 297. He retreats to Olâ—enzeel 327 Union United States invited to the K. of Scotland's eldest Sons Baptizing among other Princes 345. Divisions among the United States and for what and the ill Successes attending the same 384 385. Verdugo dieth his Character 386. Vâ—llas a great Commander kill'd 38â— Union United States send to the Pâ— of Aurange and why and his Answer to them 422. Send Embassadors to the King of Denmark and for what with the King's Agreement thereupon 467 468 Venloâ— attempted in vain by Prince Maurice 488 Velâ—co Lewis his great boasting 597 Union United States excuse themselves to the Emperour and Germans and why 620 621. Make Peace with the K. of Sweden 655 Vere General Governour oâ— Ostend 698. He arrives there and his Care Valour and Vigilance he is wounded 702 703 704. Makes a Truce with the Enemy and why 709 710 Vandernoort Oliver sails into America and so round about the World 712. United States their Declaration 719 720. S. Vit a Town in Lutzenburg taken by Lewis of Nassau and the whole Country wasted 726 United States accused by Albertus as Fonenters of War 765 766 Venetians forbid giving of Lands to Monasteries without Licence of the Senate which causeth a great difference between them and the Pope not long after reconciled 827 828 829 Verhagen Stephen returns from the Indies with a rich Fleet of Hollanders 847 848 Venetian Troubles composed by the French King 862.912 Verginia a part of America claimed by the English who settle there and the success of the Plantation 869 870 965
Valquin consulâ—ed of certain Matters relating to the League Then began to appear how much those Presents were envyed which had been bestowed to gain the King of Scots Affection the Queen of England objecting to them Their unseasonable Magnificence while yet themselves wanted Forreign Aid Nor did it proceed so much from the Humour of her Regal Disposition that would endure none to vye with her as that she being a wise and subtle Woman and who would keep the Succession incertain as one of the main strengths of her Kingdom she would not that a Prince though next to her both in Kingdom and Bloud should be appointed her Heir by the Option of her Neighbours Therefore according to the Custom of angry persons she requir'd a part of her old Debt and if they gave her not satisfaction she threatned War Whereto a modest Excuse being made they were at quiet for some time And in the mean time that they might make amends for their Offence upon her Request They obey and grant That they will adde some Money and Ships to her Fleet for driving away the Spaniard from Bretaign in France For the Enemy being setled in some strong Ports lay at lurk upon both Shores to get the possession of that Sea which passeth by both France and Spain From whence proceeded the English-mens fear nor could the Hollanders sail to the Westward with any safety But now the English and Dutch Fleets being joyned they drove the Enemy from most of the strong Holds scituate on the Sea-Coast But the War after the taking of Groening continued in the Countries beyond the Rhine although there were other Things which promised their Hope a Reward of their Labours But at the instance of Mounsieur Buzanual King Henry's Embassadour it seemed more just since their own Affairs had so well thriven to look towards their Allies because then there was sharp War upon the Borders between the Netherlands and France Some there were that would not have sent Souldiers to the King but Money which Buzanuall withstood affirming That the King his Master had better learned to order Souldiers than Money And so far did his Reasons prevail that he had not onely very great hopes but the Charge likewise already begun would forthwith be laid aside for a New Expedition thither The Spanish Souldiers who had hitherto made War upon the French Borders after they had received their Money and taken the benefit of what Licentiousness they pleased being excluded from all Cities lest they might grow more insolent by Idleness under the Conduct of the Lord of Cimace besieged Cambray For that City as is before set forth was delivered in the Name of the Kingdom of France to Balagny to be kept for King Philip but he on the contrary usurped it to himself from thence the Neighbouring Country was wasted Nor had the Spaniards long continued the Siege but they wanted all Things necessary not excepting Provisions However lest that they might seem to do nothing they surrounded the City at a distance but with very careless Guaâ— for being in their Friends Country they supposed themselves terrible enough to the Enemy being in no manner changed from what they were before but onely in this that now being under Command yet they re-acted the Crimes of Sedition among other of their Exploits many times fetching great Booty out of France But Henry the greatest part of the Traytors being subdued finding himself really King and that he was so increased in strength that though till this time he had been able but weakly to defend his now he appeared able to vindicate himself and to threaten an equal Return for Injuries He accused Philip in an Edict That he had without any probable Reason broken the League that he had made with France five and twenty years before That he being King of France 〈◊〉 content with the Dominion of his Ancestors which by the Divine Providence he now enjoyed and being an august and magnificent Possession he did not desire to intermeddle in the business of other Princes That he would not seek a cause of War against the Neighbouring Cities of the Netherlands and hoped he should not be forced to one by injuries put upon him but since they had compelled him he exhorted the People of Henalt and Attoys and others his Subjects to fall upon those forreign Souldiers generalâ—y hated and burthensome to all about them whom none ever hated without danger but an Enemy and to drive them out of the French Territories and also from Cambray which if it wâ— not done by a set day he would bring thither his Armies and tâ— his force upon them This was all received in silence as if it had been denyed for the Cities durst make no answer but Philip shortly after mindfull of his affections to the Catholick Religion and remembring the League himself had formerly made with France declared that the Prince of Bearns for he would not vouchsafe the King of France any other name who had vainly pretended himself an honourer of that Religion which he had opposed and now called himself King of France was to be prosecuted with War on all hands Be this came too late for after they had for a whole year displayed their Ensign on the Netherlandish Borders all after actions seemed to claim a shadow of right But to this forreign War King Henry appointed Commander in Chief Turnis Viscount Turen who then raised the Repute of the name of Bulloyn renowned also by Alliance to Prince Maurice whose Sister Elizabeth descended by the Mothers side from the Royal Stock of Bourbon he had marryed And in this he would be more affectionately diligent in that thereby he advanced above the power of the League a Prince bound 〈◊〉 him by private Allyance and also very high in the King's favour It was thought convenient to carry the War into the Province of Lutzenburg because this way he might have a passage for his Italian and German Levies for the Hollanders hoped that if new forces were raised it might be possible to bring to nought the old being neither many nor well agreeing and this either by the Netherlanders consent of the conjunction of War But a Messenger met Philip of Nassau as he was hastening his march towards the French with supplies consisting of eight and twenty Foot-Companies for the States having onely promised twenty had now of their own accord augmented the number that they understood by four Switzers whom they had taken that Charles Mansfeldt lay in the middle between them Therefore for securing the Journey he took five Troops under the leading of Sir Francis Vere and a well ordered number of Foot least he should give any opportunity to Mansfeldt pressing upon him and leads them beyond the River Moselle to the Borders of Metz for the Enemy had prepossessed all the places more inward The greatest part of the Troops having either gained by leave or force a passage through Germany returned into Holland but the greatest