Positions of the Two Houses Deposing Propositions of Iune 2. The Cause of the Warr was Ambition The Rabble were the Pillars of the Cause Religion the Pretense Their Zeal against Popery The Methode of the Reformation Rebellion divides God and the King Scandals Emproved and Invented The late King was betray'd by Presbyterians in his Counsel A Dear Peace the cause of a long Warr. Tria Priciipia The Methode of Treason Rebellion begins in Confusion and ends in Order ☜ ☞ The English follow the Scotish Pattern The Prologue to the late Warr. Loyalty persâ—cuted ☞ Rebellion Rewarded The King goes for Scotland His Welcome at his Return ☞ The King Affronted by Tumults first And Then for compleyning of them ☜ The Presbyterians ruin'd by their own Arguments England a Free-State Quarrels with the Dutch The Long-Parliament dissolved Barebones Parliament Their Acts. Their Zeal Their Dissolution The corruption of a Conventicle is the Generation of a Protector Cromwell Installed and Sworn Protector A Counsell of one and Twenty Cromwels Masteries The Foundation of Cromwels Greatness Cromwels Character Cromwell Jelous of his Counsell And of his Army Oliver erects Major Generals and then fools them ☞ The Persecution of the Cavaliers Cromwells Tâ—â—â— of the Hoâ—se The Recongition ☜ Cromwels design upon Sr. Domingo Disaâ—â—rous Blake makes amends at Tunis His Success against the Plate-Fleet near the Bay of Cadiz Addresses ☞ Olivers Kindred stood his Friends ☜ The Petition and Advice To Declare his Successour 〈◊〉 Other House Privy Counsel Revenue Cavaliers incapable of Office ☜ Cromwell Installed Protector ☞ ☜ ☜ ☜ ☜ ☞ Oliâ—er durst not take upon him the Title of King For fear of the Sectaries His Reserve And the Reasons of it Olivers Other House Enraged the Commons The new Peers The Commons pâ—ck a Quarrell with the Other House Olivers heart-breaking cross He Fools the City of London Addresses Barbarous Cruelties ☞ Cromwels Death ☜ Olivers Maximes Richard Recognized upon condition Each of the Three Parties Enemy to the Other Two The Army Ruffles the House The House Opposes the Army Richard dissolves his Parliament And is laid aside himself The Army acknowledge their backslidings And invite the old Parliament to sit again The Rump 〈…〉 The Factioâ— fliâ—s high The Rump and the Army Clash The Rump thrown out The Army settles a Committee of Safety General M. Secuâ—es Scotlâ—nd Hewsons Insolence toward the City Hazelrigg seiâ—es Portsmouth The Rump sits again Lambert and his Party submit The City refuse to Levy Monies The Rump offended with the City The Secluded Members re-admitted ☞ Cromwel's Rise to the Sovereignty What hindered his Establishment He was Generally Hated The Warr with Spain was an Oversight A Standling Army dangerous The Rise of Cromwels Standing Army Exact Collect. Pap. 44. Ibid. ☞ The Consequences of the House of Commons Guard The Effects of a Standing Army Note ☞ ☞ Exit The Rump All Factions Unite against the King They Divide And Subdivide ☜ The Effects of a Military Government The English Impatient of of Slavery ☞ It seems to bâ— the Interest of France to maintain a 〈◊〉 Army ☞ A sad Mistake A Guard both Sutable and nâ—cessary about the Person of a King The Maiâ—es of Fraâ—â—e abus'd the Confidence of their Masters Pepin the Son of a Powerful Subject deposes his Prince and â—ets up 〈◊〉 The State of France ☜ The effects of a Standing Army in France ☞ A Standing Army more hazzardous in England than in France Alteratâ—ons of Câ—stoâ—es dangerous Our Saxon Kings kept no Standing Army Nâ—r Edmoâ—d 〈◊〉 Nor Wâ—lliam the Conquâ—ror Noâ— William Rufus Nor Hen. 3. Edw. 1. Edw. nor Ric. 2. Nor the Henries 4 5 6 7. Nor Hen. 8. â—dw 6. Queen Mâ—ry nor Qâ—een Eliz. Nor K. Iames nor Charles the MARTYR ☜ Expedients to prevent or disappoint Dangers A Standing Army destructive to the Government An Army without Pay is the most Dangerous Enemy Mony is the Interest of This World ☜ What 's the Benefit of a Standing Army The Mischief and Danger of it ☞ A Royall Guard Necessary and Sâ—fficient With the timely execuâ—ion of Good Laws ☜ Conscience the strongest Tie The Rise of Schism The Method of it The Motion of Schisâ— into Seditâ—on The Design ☞ And Effect of it Note Qu. May an enemy to Bishops exercise the Ministry Three Questions propounded by King Charles the Martyr concerning Church Government The Derivation of Episcopal Government Christs Mandate to the Apostles â—ipiscopacy unalterable Corruptio Optimi Pessima The Method of Schism A Scandalous Clergy makes a Seditious Laity Slander is the Sin and Practice of the Devil Shun Appearances of Scandal Ignorance a species of Scandal Bishops blamed by the more blameable Fears and Jealousies Bishops charged with Pride by the Prouder Brethren ☞ Conscience and Law Govern the world ☜ Occasions of Sedition Seditious Lawyers and Schifmarical Divines are the most abominable Seducers Plotters of Sedition Are of three Sorts Usurpers Monarchoma-châ—â—sts Jâ—suited Puritans Time is the best Tryall of Fidelity The Knowledge of Persons is more then the Understanding of Matters ☜ The Noblest Natures most easily Deceived Abuses from Great Persons hardly Rectify'd What he must do that undertakes it The Art of Flattery Conscientious Sedition An Ambitious Person The Test of an Honest Favourite An ill sign Another as bad Note Marque again The Advantages of a Confederacy in Counsell Their Method Rather to Countenance a Sedition then Head it How to know the Faction By their Haunts ☜ By their Cabales By their Debates By their Domestiques By their Favorites The Composition 〈…〉 sic Instrumâ—nt or a Corrupt States-man ☜ By their Conversation and Behaviour An honester sort of Ill Subjects A Caâ—eat to 〈◊〉 The Politiques of the Vulgâ—â— The Effects of Corruption in a Court. Court-Beggers Non payment of Debts The Interests of the Souldiery An Ambitious Commander does better Abroad then at Home A Haly War iâ— a Contrafiction ☜ Hazzard not a Rebellion in one Place for fear of a Sedition in another The Constitution of a Guard Royall Court and City seldom agree The Reason of it The Power of a City The Maner of Preparing the People for Sedition A Seditious Principle The King only Accomptable to God and the People to the King Cuâ—sed be the Sons of Châ—m ☞ Religious Sedion either referring to Haeresie or Schism Rebellion upon a point of Heresie more Pardonable then That from Schisme Seditions arising from Schisme The Means of provoking Sedition The Advantages of Great Towns for Seditions Cities are inclinable to Seditions from the Temper of the Inhabitants ☜ Religious Innovatours begin with Women Four Reasons why A Zealous Sister And her Confessour ☜ ☜ ☜ A Shee-Proselyte ☞ Oppression causes Sedition A Presbyterian Trick The Politique Hypocrite Loyalty is Indispensable Citizens are Tender of their Privileges Principally in point of Trade Their immunities are Precarious Neither Prince nor People can be secure but by Agreement ☞ Poverty an Irresistible Incentive to Sedition
A MEMENTO DIRECTED To all Those that Truly Reverence the Memory of KING CHARLES the MARTYR And as Passionately wish the Honour Safety and Happinesse of his Royall Successour Our most Gratious Sovereign Charles the II. THE FIRST PART By ROGER L'ESTRANGE Sic Canibus Catulos similes Virg. LONDON Printed for Henry Brome at the Gun in Ivy-lane Aprill the 11. 1662. TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE The EARL of CLARENDEN Lord High CHANCELLOR OF ENGLAND My LORD HE that Owes more then he is Worth and Payes as far as he is Able is an Honest Man and That 's My Case more wayes then One. Nor is it possible for Mee to Think of my Debts and not of your Lordships Bounties at the same time Under whose Roofe I have formerly receiv'd so many many Benefits In the Establishment of That Felicity I reckon'd my self as sure as in the Possession of it I did my Lord and I must do so still or do a harder and a worse Thing in Thinking Otherwise For I am the same I was and to suppose your Lordships good opinion either Begun or Ended without Reason were to subject your Wisdome or Stability to a Question Since so it is My Lord that I cannot suspect your Kindnesse without an injury to your Honour nor let your Obligations sleep without some Testimony of my Thankfulnesse Vouchsafe to know my Lord that after more then Twenty Years spent in serving the Royall Interest Near Six of them in Gaoles and almost Four under a Sentence of Death in Newgate Fortune has been so kind as to leave me yet a Bottle of Inke and a Heap of Paper out of which pittiful Remain I make your Lordship a Present of a Book This Book I humbly offer not to your Reading or Thought but barely to your Countenance Let it my Lord but wear the Credit of Your Patronage Which I the rather wish because of a Late Pamphlet that I find Dedicated to your Lordship by a Mournevall of Presbyterians wherein my Name is not well us'd and truly if I am not Mistaken his Majesties Justice and Authority much worse about the Imprisonment of Mr. Crofton I must Proceed now to acquaint your Lordship that beside the Honour of your Protection I have great need of your Interest and Favour which yet I dare not Beg for fear of Offending your Readinesse to do me all reasonable Justice without it In Truth it is not for a man either of my Nature or Condition to Thrive by Begging for he that is both Poor and Honest carries a Double Clogg Especially in This Age my Lord when Heaven and Hell apart 't is a greater Scandal and Misfortune to be Indigent then Treacherous But there are my Lord that do not stick to say I 'm Both and I forgive with all my Soul the Worst that ever was said of Mee with good Intention to the King It is not long since I troubled your Lordship with a Paper upon This Subject to which with Leave I shall add a word or two Some will needs have it that I do not sufficiently Deny the Six hundred Pound My Lord I do so far deny it that I wish That Peny or Penyes-worth which to the best of my Knowledge I ever receiv'd from any Creature of the Rebels Party or by any Order from Them or any of Them may rise against Me at the Day of Judgment There is a further Rumour as if Captain Whitlock should have sent me word that he would justifie it whereas I never heard a Syllable from him to That Purpose nor can the World shew the least Colour for the Truth of That Report Let me be Pardon'd my Lord if I conoeive This Addresse not altogether Impertinent for if it did belong to you to Condemne me while you but Thought me Guilty your Lordship is certainly Oblig'd in Honour to Acquit me when you Know me Innocent In This Particular my Lord I think you are Bound to do me Right but in what Follows I totally Depend upon your Favour There is a Pitifull creature One Bagshaw a Chaplain to the Earl of Anglesie and the Authour of the Animadversions upon the Bishop of Worsters Letter This Fellow when his hand was In against the Bishop lends Mee a Lash too for my Practices with Cromwell Your Lordship would do me a Peculiar Honour to Procure that he might be called before the Counsell to make good his Charge where if I prove not Him That Villein which he Pretends I am let Mee suffer for it My LORD I am Your Lordships Most Obedient Servant Roger L'estrange April 11. 1662. The Preface THE Subject I have here undertaken leads mee into several unlucky Characters which if they were like no-body would be good for Nothing as holding no Proportion with Nature and Truth If any man Imagine that he sees himself Here let him keep his own Counsel and Consider that a Coat may be fit for him that was never made for him His Answer was not amisse that being Compleyn'd of to the Late Eminent Earl of Strafford for having written a Libel My Lord sayes he The Case is but This I throw down a Fools Cap This Gentleman takes it up and has a Phansie that it fits Him In short Let not an Ill man find fault with a Vitious Character For 't is much worse to Practice Wickednesse than to Peint it The scope of This First Part which I here expose is by Laying open the Workings and Series of the Last Rebellion to disappoint the Purposes of another The Second Part I reserve for more Particular Duties both Christian and Political which shall follow sooner or Later according to the Enterteynment which the World affords to This. The Author's Faults are enow without the Printers Of Each sort there are Many and I leave it to the Judicious Reader to Distinguish them A MEMENTO PART I. CAP. I. The Matter and Causes of Seditions THE Matter of Seditions according to Sir Francis Bacon whose words and Authority I shall often make use of in this little Treatise is of two kinds Much Poverty and much Discontentment The Causes and Motives of Seditions he reckons to be These Innovation in Religion Taxes Alteration of Lawes and Customs Breaking of Privileges General Oppression Advancement of unworthy Persons Strangers Dearths Disbanded Souldiers Factions grown desperate And whatsoever in offending People joyneth and knitteth them in a common Cause These Inconveniences either seasonably discover'd colourably pretended or secretly promoted are sufficient to the foundation of a Civil Warr. In which Negative and dividing Politiques none better understood themselves than the Contrivers of our late Troubles not only improving and fomenting Discontentments where they found them and creating violent Iealousies where there was but any place to imagine them but They Themselves were the greatest gainers even by those Grievances against which they complained Reaping a double Benefit first from the Occasion of the Difference and then from the Issue of it When a seditious bumor is
the Fourth of that Name formally Degraded and Cast into a Monastery by Decree of Parliament and Pepin Install'd in his Stead Thus did the Son of the Last Great Subject make himself the First of the Second Race of Kings of which in requital for too much said upon the First I shall say nothing at all Nor much more upon This Subject save only that Charles the VII and his Successour Lewis the XI Laid the first firm Foundation of the Military Power to which Charles the VIII Francis the I. c. have since furnish'd their Additionals and Superstructures to make the Tyranny complete 'T is Truth the Splendor and Profusion of the Court and Camp is Dazling and Prodigious they swim in Pleasures and Plenty but he that turns his Eye toward those Miserable Animals the Peasants that with their Bloud and Sweat Feed and Support that Luxe and Vanity with hardly bread for their own Mouths will find it much a different Prospect the great Enhansers of the Charge clayming Exemption from the burthen of it He that would see the Glory of the One Part and the â—lavery of the Other needs only read L'ESTAT dela FRANCE of 1661. Treating of the Officers of the Crown Honours Governments Taxes Gabelles c. He shall there find the Venality of Officeâ—s and Their Rates the Privileges of the Nobility and Their Encâ—rochments Who are Exempt from Payments or rather that the Country-man Payes for All. To make an end let him also observe the Power and Partiality of their Supereminent Parliament of Paris The Book I mention is of undeniable Authority wherein Accompt is given of at the least Eight Millions English arising from Three Taxes only and for the sole behoof and Enterteinment of the Souldiery their Tailles Taillon and Subsistance Beside their Aydes an Imposition upon all sorts of Marchandise Salt excepted which must needs be a Vast Income and their Gabellâ—s upon Salt that brings in near Two Millions more Not to Insist upon Casualties and infinite other Inventions for squeezing which they Practise The Plough mainteins the Army Give them their Due their Noblesse are brave and Accomplish'd men and the Brunt of all Hazzards lies totally upon Them but scarce in Nature is there a more abject Commonalty and to conclude such is their Condition that without Warr thâ—y cannot Live if not Abroad they are sure to have iâ— at Home Let it be Noted too the Taxes follow'd their Army not their Army the Taxes for 't is One thing to Levy Mony to Raise Guards and Another thing to Levy Guards to Raise Mony the One appearing to be done by Consent the Other by Force I use Guards and Army promiscuously as only taking a Guard for a Small Army and an Aâ—my for a Stronger Guard IF a Standing Army subjects France to so many Inconveniences whereof History is full where the Strength lies in the Nobility How much more Hazzardous was it to England where the welfare of the whole depended upon the Affections and Interest of the Middle-rated People Especially under an Usurper that was driven to uphold himself upon the daily consumption of the Nation and a Body that becomes every day Weaker then Other must not expect to be long-liv'd So much for the Inconvenience of Cromwell's Standing Army as to the Situation of England together with a View of the Effects of it in France Wee 'll now consider what Welcome it was like to find upon the Point of Experience or Custome Alteration of Customes is a work of Hazzard even in Bad Customes but to Change Customs under which a Nation has been happy for Innovations which upon Experience they have found Fatal to them is matter of great Perill to the Undertaker But I look upon Oliver's Case as I do upon a Proposition of such or such a Mate at Chesse where there are several wayes to come within One on 't and None to Hit it The Devil and Fortune had a mind to Puzzle him He Prefers his Pawnes Transposes Shifts his Officers but all will not do he still wants either Men or Mony if he Disbands he has too few of the One if he holds up he has too little of the Other Such in Truth was This Tyrants Exigence that he was forc'd to That which the Lawful â—ossessours of the English Crown would never venture upon No nor the Usurpers neither before Our Blessed Reformers of 1641. But Where will Those People Stay That thorough God and Majesty make way Our Saxon Kings contented themselves with a Law What Armes every man of Estate should find and a mulâ—t upon such as did Detractare Militiae Edmond Ironside after his Duell with Camillus the Dane and a Composition to divide the English and Danish Kingdoms betwixt them and their Heirs kept no Army on Foot to Guard the Agreement Neither did The Danes who after His Death Treacherously Seiz'd the Kingdom to maintein their Conquest William the Conquerour that subdu'd both English and Danes thought himself safe enough in Creating Tenures by Knights Service and permitting Proprieties though at That time under such Jealousies that he took divers of his English Prisoners into Normandy with him for fear of a Commotion in his Absence William Rufus and after Him his Brother Henry the First tho' the Usurpers of the Senior Right of their Elder Brother Robert set up his Rest upon the same Termes And so did Henry the II. after a Long Contest with King Stephen and notwithstanding the unruliness of most of his Sonnes Henry III. and then Edward I. after the Barons Warrs Employ'd no Standing Army to secure themselves neither did Edward or Richard the Second notwithstanding a Potent Faction of the Nobility bandying against the Latter of them Neither did the Henries IV. V. VI. in the Grand Schism of York and Lancaster ever approve of it Nor Henry VII as Wise and Iealous as any of his Predecessours If any thing could have warranted the Adventure methinks the Tâ—epsie-turvy and Brouillery which Henry the VIII introduc'd might have perswaded or Provok'd it But neither There nor in the following Tosse and Tumble of Religion from Edward VI. to Queen Mary and then back again to Queen Elizabeth was it put in Practice King Iames had no temptation to it King Charles the Martyr was indeed charg'd with the Intention of it and so he was with being Popishly affected In Truth with what not and the One as True as the Other But who were They that laid This to His Charge Even Those very Persons some of them that advised Oliver to keep a Standing Army of 10000 Horse and 20000 Foot to Aw and Scourge the Nation A Course unknown to our Forefathers and by the Best and Worst of Former Princes equally disallow'd the Bad not judging it Safe nor the Good Expedient But other more Convenient and as Effectual means they had either to Prevent Dangers or Suppress them
drawn betwixt Majesty and Kindnesse which the One cannot passe without Diminution nor the Other transgresse without Presumption In fine the Right of Placing or Displacing Officers lies on the Kings side of the Chalke and falls under the Head of Reward or Punishment King Iames in the Second Book of his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 delivers Excellent Advises to Prince Henry concerning the Choyce of Servants First See that they be of a Good Fame and without Blemish Next See that they be Indued with such honest Qualities as are meet for such Offices as ye ordeyn them to serve in that your Iudgment may be known in Employing every man according to his Guifts Thirdly I Charge you according to my Fatherly Authority to preferr Specially to your Service so many as have truly served Me and are able for it For if the Haters of your Parents cannot Love you it followes of Necessity that Their Lovers must Love you Chuse your Servants for your own Uses and not for the Use of Others and hearken not to Recommendations more for serving in effect their Friends that put them in then their Masters that admit them Especially take good heed to the choyce of your Servants that you preferr to the Offices of the Crown and Estate for in Other Offices ye have only to take heed to your Own Weale but These concern likewise the Weale of your People for the Which ye must be Answerable to God Be carefull to Prefer none as ye will be answerable to God but for their Worthynesse Employ every man as ye think him Qualify'd but Use not One in all Things lest he wax Proud and be Envy'd by his Fellowes These were the Directions of a Prince then whom no Man spake more upon Experience and very hardly shall a Sovereign that takes This Course even upon any Accompt Miscarry Another Profitable Course might be for a Prince to set his Favourite his Bounds afore-hand As for the Purpose that in such and such Particulars concerning Law and Religion or wherein his Peculiar Interest is concern'd he never presume to move him above Once and that in certain Other Cases he presume not to move him at all By these means the Favourite is minded of his Duty the Prince of his Dignity and Both Secur'd the One from the Hazzard of Granting too much the Other from the Temptation of Asking it So far from being Impracticable is This Proposition that on the contrary 't is Obvious and Easie. As for Instance There are some things which a King cannot Grant as a Christian Others which he cannot Grant as a King and some again which he cannot Grant as a Wise man So that Reserving to himself a Freedome even from Sollicitation in These Niceties of Conscience Honour and Convenience the Favourite may make his Best of the Rest. The Relation betwixt a Governour and his People is like That of Man and Wife A man may take his Friend into his Armes but not into his Bed To make an end of This That Favourite that presses his Master to any thing which evidently exposes him to Contempt or Hatred does probably Design his Ruine To run through the whole Body of Humane Frailties would be too Tedious Let it suffice that Those Vices whether Devillish or Brutish which in a Private man are Mischievous or Shamefull are much more so in a Person arm'd with Power to Execute the Malice and qualifi'd with an Eminence to Recommend a lewd Example Where a Great Trust is committed to a Weak Person It matters not much to the Publique whether he be True or False for Futility in him has the Effect of Treachery in another The One Blabs his Masters Secrets and the Other Betrayes them The Third Hazzard from the Over-greatnesse of One Counsellour arises from the Influence of his Power and Inclination upon the People And That either as to their Love or Hatred The Popular Part we have already done with that is so far as it concerns the making of a Party to Himself and the Remedies of That Danger That which remains shall be divided into Pride Covetousnesse and Mis-advise It is seldome seen that a Proud man in Power is not withall Insolent Vain and Cruell The first to his Superiours where they will suffer it The Next to his Equalls till they are Sick of it and the Third to his Inferiours till he is Hated for it A Favourite of This Temper makes it his Glory to be thought the Dictatour to his Master Disputing Excusing Cavilling upon Mandates and Directions as Sir Francis Bacon His style is Ego Rex Meus and the Consequence of This Boldnesse is to lessen the Sovereign in the Eyes of his Subjects It is harder for a Prince to Discover This Audacious Humour then to Crush it let but the King withdraw his Favour for one Moment◠and of himself he falls below the Scorn of Those he lately Trampled on If he be Covetous The Person of the Prince and the Honour of the Nation are expos'd to Sale and the People Squeez'd to fill his Coffers till they have not Bread left for their own Bellies This brings the Multitude to Sterve or Tumult and There 's a Kingdome Swallow'd by a Favourite We here suppose the Worst and yet even These Extremities are not quite Deplorate and Helplesse Spunges will Spue as well as Suck and 't is but the Monarch's sending of the Popular Assembly in quest of the Publique Treasure to fetch it up again Now whence proceeds this Mischief but from Misadvise not want of Prudence but of Enformation or which is worse from Tales fram'd to the Passion and Advantage of the Teller Hee 's made an Enemy to the State that 's not a Friend to This or That Design Dangers are Pretended where there are none and Security where there are And which is the Curse of These Ill Offices the Wisest and the Bravest of Princes are subjected to Delusion and Surprize in Common with their Contraries Could Solomon ' s Wisdome tell him which of the Two Harlots was the Mother of the Child without a further means of Decision Or Could Caesar ' s Courage oppose the Fate of the Senate In Matters of Fact Princes as well as Others are to be Instructed by Report and if from a Person whom they have Reason to believe they receive Notice of a Matter whereupon they have not Time to Deliberate their Proceedings are to be Directed by the Fairest Appearance of that Relation In fine if a Servant will betray his Master there 's no avoyding it for he must Trust somebody Remember well sayes Sir Francis Bacon in a Letter of Advice to the late Duke of Buckingham the great Trust you have undertaken you are as a Continual Centinell alwayes to stand upon your Watch to give him the King True Intelligence If you Flatter him you Betray him If you Conceal the Truth of Those things from
Elizabeth At That Time it was Principally that the English took the Scotch Dâ—sâ—ase and upon the Peace brought it with them into England whereof we have abundantly tasted the blessed Fruits ever since Let such as are curious of Particulars look into the 11. 16. 31. and 36. of that Queens Reign and see what Prodigious Haeresies what Seditious Opinions and Practices what desperate Libels and Sermons proceeded from That Schismaticall Separation At length by an Exemplary Severity upon Hackett and Barrow she gave her self some Quiet Upon King Iames his coming to the Crown of England they Try'd Him too but when they fell to Scruplize about the Surplice and the Crosse in Baptism The King having first Choak'd them in Points more Materiall to make short work of it tells them 'T was Obstinacy not Tendernesse bids them Conforme at Perill For the Perill-sake They did Conforme and so That Prince was Quiet But though no Flame Appear'd the Fire was not Extinct but prudently Conceal'd and Cover'd in the Embers And now Succeeds King Charles the Martyr under the Disadvantages First of a Great Debt and a present Necessity Secondly of a Natural so void of Guile as hardly to believe that there was such a thing in Nature which made him somewhat apt to Credit And the Third Disadvantage was his Inexperience of That Faction which he was now to Cope with Upon his coming to the Crown Hee Calls a Parliament Tells them his wants which They knew of Themselves to be exceeding Great and Pressing Their Answer was in effect that Petitions were to precede Subsidies And thereupon Two they presented The One for Religion the Other concerning Grievances and to Both These his Majesty gave ample and Particular Satisfaction which in stead of Thankfulnesse and Supply produced only Expostulation and Boldnesse So high already were they Flown as to resolve upon a Remonstrance foul upon the Memory and Government of the Father and Imposing upon the Authority of the Son which mov'd the King to Prevent That Affront by Dissolving That Parliament This was in August 1625. See but how Great a Confidence did This small yielding give them And Thence wee 'll Date the History of his ensuing Troubles Marque forward how they grow upon him and abuse his aptnesse to comply with Them In Febr. following meets a Second Parliament wherein a matter of Three Moneths were spent in a Debate betwixt the King and the Lords concerning the Privileges of the House of Peers The Commons having in the Interim a Committee for Religion at work to spy Faults where at last was Retriv'd a Letter under the Signet for the Reprieve of some Iesuites c. and This Reported to the House by Mr. Bim These Petulancies did not at all discompose the King but he calmly again Sollicites them for Mony The Fleet being in great distresse and ready to Mutiny for want of Pay In stead of being Supply'd his Majesty is insufferably Affronted Particularly by Mr. Clement Coke and Doctor Turner of whom he compleins but without obteining satisfaction save upon such conditions as were utterly inconsistent with his Royalty In fine This Parliament prepares another Declaration of the same Stamp with the Former and so they are Dissolved too These Disappointments they knew must needs put the King upon Extraordinary wayes to furnish himself for the Present and that at the last his recourse must be to a Parliament into which they were sure to be Chosen and easily foresaw that the Greater his Majesties Necessities were the more Argument would there be for Compleint In This Intervall the King was left to his Choice of These Two Evills whether he would hazzard the Revolt of his Navy and the putting of his Kingdomes into a Flame for want of Mony or venture at some uncommon way of Raysing it This extremity puts him upon his Commissions of Loan Privy Seals A Project of Levy by Excize Nay such was his Necessity that he was fain to Part with 21000 li. per Annum of his own Lands to the Common-Counsell of London only for 120000 li. together with some other Debts of his Fathers which they Hedg'd and bought in for little and clapp'd upon his Majesties Accompt to the Uttermost Farthing The Loan was much Opposed and who but the Refusers of This Loan were the Popular men for the Next Parliament which was Summon'd to meet in March 1627. Accordingly they Meet and the King minds them of their Past Faylings and their Present Duties in a Speech worthy of the Prudence and the Majesty of a Great Prince In This time sayes the King of Common Danger I have taken the most Antient Speedy and Best way for Supply by calling you together If which God forbid in not contributing what may answer the Quality of my Occasions you do not your Duty it shall suffice I have done mine in the Conscience whereof I shall rest Content and take some other Course for which God hath empowred Mee to Save That which the Folly of Particular men might hazzard to Lose Take not This as a Menace for I scorn to Threaten my Inferiours but as an Admonition from him who is Ty'd both by Nature and Duty to provide for your Preservation This Tast of the Kings Mettle gave them to understand that Rufling would not do their work and put them rather upon a semblance of Closing with him But with Regard still to Their Trust and that the People might be as well Eas'd as his Majesty Supply'd Which being formally resolv'd upon and that the Kings Wants and the Subjects Grievances should march hand in hand By an Unanimous Vote they granted his Majesty Five Subsidies who being too syncere to take That Bounty for a Bait even Wept with Ioy at the surprize of a Kindnesse so unexpected But This is but the Guilding of the Pill now comes the Poyson Upon the Motion of Sir Edward Coke was fram'd The Petition of Right which Passes the House of Commons but Sticks with the Peers as utterly Destructive of the Prerogative Royall without a Salvo Whereupon they offer This Addition We present This our humble Petition to your Majesty not only with Care to Preserve our own Liberties but with regard to leave entire That Sovereign Power wherewith pour Maiesty is trusted for the Protection Safety and Happinesse of your People But this Addition was not for Their Turn whose businesse was more to Depresse the King and Advance Themselves then to provide for the Freedome of the People And in fine the Commons adhering after a long struggle it pass'd the Lords House without Amendment In regard that we are now upon the very Crisis of King or No King we shall be a little the more Particular After Five Dayes Consideration thereupon the King returns This Answer The King willeth that Right be done according to the Laws and Customes of the Realm and that the Statutes be put in Execution that Subjects may
have no Cause to Complein of any Wrong or Oppressions Contrary to their Iust Rights and Liberties To the Preservation whereof he holds himself in Conscience as well obliged as of his prerogative This Answer though Clear and Full as possible to any just Intention did not yet Relish and the pretended Exception was not to the Matter of it but the Forme So that a New Petition is agreed upon for a more formal Answer Which his Majesty taking notice of Prevents with a Le droit soit fait comme il est Desirè This Grant finish'd Foundation of the Kings Ruine Now see the Return they made him for This Goodnesse how they Requited This Benignity and Trust. The Commissions Of Loan and Excize are Instantly Cancell'd and a Scandalous Remonstrance is Presented to his Majesty with the Bill of Subsidies Upon which the King reflects as he had Cause with some Displeasure and drawes a Stinging and a Punctuall Answer to it This puts the Commons upon Another Remonstrance against Tonnage and Poundage which Provok'd the King to give a sodain End to That Session Declaring before his Assent to the Bills The true Intent of what he Granted in That Petition And that as it was the Profession of Both Houses in the time of Hammering That Petition no way to Trench upon his Prerogative so he could not be conceiv'd to have Granted any New but only to have Confirm'd the Antient Privileges of his Subjects And here his Majesty Prorogues This Parliament In Ian. following they Meet again and Appoint Two Committees The One for Religion the Other for Civill Affairs And These are to Inspect Abuses and lay open the Kings Misgovernments to the People In the Heat of their haste his Majesty sends Secretary Coke upon an Interâ—eding Message to them with all the Gentlenesse Imaginable Whereat the House takes Snuffe and calls to Adjourn In short the King Adjourns them from Ianuary to the 2. of March and Then being Met Sir Iohn Eliot begins with a Bitter Invective against the Lord Treasurer After which the Speaker acquaints the House with his Majesties Command of their Adjournment till the 10th They give him a Check for his Peins and follow their Businesse Up rises Sir Iohn again and Offers a Remonstrance against Tonnage and Poundage to their Reading which both Speaker and Clerk Refusing Hee Reads it Himself When it should be put to the Vote whether or no to be Presented to the King the Speaker excuses himself as Commanded by the King to Leave the House and endeavouring to Rise he was forcibly kept in his Chaire till as the Protestation of the House was Read as Follows First Whosoever shall bring in Innovation of Religion or by favour seek to introduce Popery or Arminianisme or other Opinions disagreeing from the true Orthodox Church shall be reputed a capitall Enemy to this Kingdome and Common-wealth Secondly Whosoever shall Counsell or Advise the Taking or Levying of the Subsidies of Tonnage and Poundage not being Granted by Parliament or shall be an Actor or Instrument therein shall be likewise reputed a Capitall Enemy to this Common-wealth Thirdly If any man shall voluntarily yield or Pay the said Subsidies of Tonnage or Poundage not being Granted by Parliament he shall be reputed a Betrayer of the Liberties of England and an Enemy to this Common-wealth Upon Notice of These Distempers the King sends for the Sergeant of the Mace and the House refuses him Whereupon the Usher of the Black Rod is Dispatch'd to Dissolve them but finding no Entrance at length the Guard is call'd for and Then the Members Vanish After These Provocations and Contempts The King Himselfe Dissolves them This was the Embryo of our late Rebellion and the Indulgence of That Gratious Prince to That Ungrateful Faction was That which Ruin'd him Whether Design'd or not may appear from the Sequel Divers of the most Popular and Active persons in This Contest being found afterward among his Mortal Enemies in the Warr. Having Trac'd the Mischief to This Head we may be shorter with the Rest and taking for Granted that neither Scotland would be out at a Godly Project nor the English Faction upon any Terms reject their Brotherly Kindnesse we may rationally presume that they were of Intelligence in our succeeding Troubles especially if we observe what Time they kept in their motions towards one another In that which follows we shall not so much apply our selves to the Order of the Story as to the Noting of those Fatalities which had a most particular Influence upon the Life and Fortune of That Incomparable Prince In 1634. a Seditious Practice was discover'd in Scotland and the Lord Balmerino detected to be one of the Prime Conspiratours His Father out of Nothing became Chief Secretary to King Iames whom he Betray'd the Treachery was Prov'd and the Traytour Condemn'd but by the Mercy of the King Restored both in Bloud and Estate So was the Son found Guilty and Pardon'd likewise by the Successour of the Father's Master Never in shew a more remors-ful Penitent Yet in the next Conspiracy of 1637. who deeper In again then this Presbyterian It would be hard to find Two Persons of That Leaven to whom the Late King ever refused his Grace or that did not abuse it How easily had the Scotch Rebellion been Crush'd in the First Tumult had not his Majesty's Excessive Goodness ore-slipped the Time of Doing it by Force expecting their Return by fairer means He that would read the greatest Opposition that ever was in Nature of Truth and Falshood Kindnesse and Malice Mercy and Ingratitude Piety and Wickedness Let him but Read the Story of the Scotch-Rebellion in 1638. drawn by his Majestie 's expresse Command The Perjuries Insolencies Forgeries and Usurpations of the Holy Kirk at Glasgow and then say if ever such a Contest of Light and Darkness as betwixt That Saint and Those Monsters Nor was his Majesty's Clemency abused more then his Confidence betray'd for to the Publick Mockery they made of his Indulgence was added the Private Correspondence and Treachery of a Presbyterian Faction in his Counsell His Majesty himself avers as much This says the King in his large Declaration Our Commissioner did not adventure to communicate with the whole Counsell because he did know that some of our Counsellours were Covenanters in Their Hearts though for Dangerous ends they had forborn the Subscribing of the Covenant with their Hands and that They would acquaint the Covenanters with it with whom they kept Private Meetings The next Eminent Transaction was upon the Enterview of the Two Armies near Berwick where his Sacred Majesty had the Rebells Effectually at his Mercy and exhausted himself and his Friends to the Despair almost of ever Raysing another Army Yet even There also was his Majesty persuaded such was his Royall Charity and Tendernesse for his People upon the Supplication of the
Rebells to admit a Treaty and thereupon soon after to Conclude a Pacification whereof the Covenanters kept not One Article Nay after This they Libell'd the Kings Proceedings Broke forth into Fresh Insolencies and Sollicited the Assistance of the French King against their Native Sovereign We see the Faith and Loyalty of the Scotch Presbyterians Marque now if the English use him any Better And That but in a Word or Two for 't is a peevish Subject His Majesty calls a Parliament that Meets Novemb. 3. 1640. Which by the violence of Tumults abroad and the Artifice of Iuggles within-doors is with much adoe Modelled into a Faction Observe now the Proportion betwixt the Favours of the King and the Returns of the Party and see the Fruits of Clemency here likewise His Majesty passes the Trienniall Bill Abolishes the Star-chamber and High-Commission Court Passes an Act for the Continuance of the Parliament Not to insist upon the several other Concessions concerning Ship-mony Forrests and Stannary Courts Tonnage and Poundage Knighthood c. In Requitall of these Benefits The Presbyterians Clap up and prosecute his Majesties Friends Prefer Enlarge his Enemies Reward the Scots for a Rebellion Entertain their Commissioners Vote them Their Dear Brethren for Invading us Call in all Books and Proclamations against them Take away the Bishops Votes Impose a Protestation Deny the Earl of Straffords Life to the Intercession of his Majesty Present him with a Libellous Remonstrance to welcome him out of Scotland Charge 12. Bishops of High Treason Declare the Kings Proclamation to be False Scandalous and Illegall Petition for the Militia Keep the King out of his own Towns and Seize his Armes and Ammunition Send him 19. Propositions for the Delivery up of his Authority Vote a Generall and Raise an Army against him They give the King Battle Levy Monies Vote the Queen a Traytour Hang up the Kings Friends Enter into a Rebellious League Counterfeit a Great-Seal Call in the Scots Again Abolish the Common-Prayer Seize and Imprison the King Share the Revenues of the Church and Crown Sequester Banish Imprison his Majesties Adherents Sell him Depose him and at last call themselves his Majesties best Subjects because they did not MURTHER him Upon the whole Matter That Blessed Martyr's Transcendent Charity undid him How many did he Oblige and Advance in hopes to Win and Reclaime them How many did he Pardon and Cherish in Confidence of their Pretended Repentance How long did his Patience forbear Others in expectation of their Return And how unwilling was He to call any thing Schism which the Faction call'd Scruple Till Alas too Late he found his Bounties Abus'd His Mercies misplaced His Waitings Frustrated His Charity Deluded and in short no other use made of all his Pieties and Virtues then to his proper Ruine For while his Sacred Majesty suspended the exercise of his Politicall Severity under the amusement of a Religious Tendernesse the Sectaries became Bold upon his Favour and strong by the advantage they made of his Patience There were indeed some other praevious Encouragements to the Warr as the Remissnesse of Diverse Bishops in Matter of Uniformity The sufferance of Factious Meetings c. But the Two Grand Fatalities were These The King WANTED MONY and TRUSTED PRESBYTERIANS Dum Clementiam quam praestiterat expect at INCAUTUS ab INGRATIS Occupatus est Vell. Paterc Hist. Lib. 2. The End of the First Part. THE CONTENTS OF THE First Part. CAP. I. THE Matter and Causes of Seditions in Generall Pag. 1. CAP. II. The Tokens and Prognosticks of Seditions 4. CAP. III. The True Cause of the Late Warr was AMBITION 10. CAP. IV. The Instruments and Means which the Conspirators employed to make a Party 16. CAP. V. A short View of the Breaches and Confusions betwixt the Two Factions from 1648. to 1654. 24. CAP. VI. The Temper Streights and Politiques of Cromwell during his Protectorship 30. CAP. VII A short Accompt from the Death of the Tyrant Oliver to the Return of Charles the Second whom God Preserve from his Fathers Enemies 48. CAP. VIII The Usurper Oliver was principally distress'd by the Warr with Spain and his Standing-Army 61. CAP. IX Of Seditions in Particular and shewing in what maner they arise from These Seven Interests The Church the Bench the Court the Camp the City the Country and the Body Representative 85. SECT I. Seditions arising from the CHURCH Pag. 85. SECT II. The BENCH 96. SECT III. The COURT 99. Subsection I. Over-greatnesse in One Counsellour 100. Subsection II. The Combination of Divers Counsellours 106. SECT IV. The CAMP 114. SECT V. The CITY 117. Subsection I. Seditions arising from Religion 121. Subsection II. Oppression 126. Subsection III. Privileges 128. Subsection IV. Poverty 130. SECT VI. The COUNTRY 139. SECT VII The BODY REPRESENTATIVE 143. CAP. X. How to prevent the Beginnings and hinder the Growth of Seditions in General together with certain Particular Remedies apply'd to the Distempers of Those Seven Interests mentioned in the foregoing Chapter Pag. 152. SECT I. By what means Haeresies and Schismes may be kept out of the CHURCH Their Encrease hinder'd and the Seditious Consequences of Them Prevented â— with the Remedies of other Mischieves arising from Disorders in the CHVRCH 159. SECT II. How to prevent Seditions arising from the Disorders of the BENCH 171. SECT III. How to Prevent or Remedy Seditions arising from the Disorders of the COURT 177. Subsection I. The Remedies of certain hazzards arising from the Over-greatnesse of One Counsellour 182. Subsection II. How to frustrate a Combination of Diverse Counsellours 197. SECT IV. How to Prevent Disorders arising from the CAMP 201. SECT V. How to Prevent or Remedy Seditions arising from the CITY 205. SECT VI. How to Prevent Seditions from the COUNTRY 212. SECT VII Certain Cautions directing how to prevent and avoid Dangers arising from the BODY REPRESENTATIVE ibid. CAP. XI Certain Reflections upon the Felicity and Advantages of the Government of England with some Observations upon the Present Juncture 217. CAP. XII What it was Principally that Ruin'd King Charles the MARTYR 236. The End of the Contents of the First Part. The Matter of Sedition The Causes of it The Remedy Contempt more fatal to Kings then Hatred ☞ Poverty breedâ— Sedition ☜ A numerous Nobility causeth Poverty Fears and Jealousies The danger Libels ☜ Sir F. B. Sir F. B. ☜ The Rise of the late War The first Tumult against the Service-book The Covenanters Usurp the Supreme Authority The Institution of the Scotish Covenant The Promoters of it Hist. Iudep Appendix pag. 14. The Covenant a Rebellious Vow A Plea for Treason The Usurpâ—tions of the Covenanters A Pacification with the Scots Their Infidelity They enter England The influence of the Scotish Army and the City Tumults upon the long Parliament The two Houses usurp the Militia The Rebellion begins at Hull The Kings Defence of himself Voted a Warr against his Parliament Treasonous
The most Dangerous Poverty Corruption the Cause of Scarcity * A word us'd in Westminster Schoole when a Boy Counterfeits Sick Private Hoards breed Publique Penury The Composition of Wicked Ministers of State The Misery of them If either they look Back Forward Round about Above them Bâ—low or within them The Sollicâ—tous estate of the Guilty Taxes may cause or occasion a Scarcity divers wayes Subjâ—cts are to Obey without Disputing ☜ Note Leave no Marque standing to remember a Discourtesie by Josh. 4. 6. Shiftings passes for Wisdome Excessive Building Knavery of â—radesmen Pride The Coâ—ntry is sure to be undone by a Waâ—r The Fruits of it A Discontented Nobleman Ambition Pride Râ—venge The Rich Chuâ—le The Contentious Free bornâ—Subject ☜ The Dangerous mixture of a Representative The Designing Party Their Industry and Combination The Matter they work upon Their Maner of Proceedâ—ng ☜ The Permâ—tters of Seditious Contrivements The Deserters of their Trust are taken off by Profit Pleasure Vanity by Sloth and Neglect ☜ by Partiality Passion Fear or Personal Animosity Fools are fit Instâ—umâ—nts for Knâ—ves Love and Reverence are the Pillars of Majesty The Power of a Prince depends upon the Love of his People The Grâ—unds of Sedition Let a Prince Stick to his Laws and his People will stick to him The Oath of Protecting implyes a Power of Protecting Where a King has it not in his Power to Oppresse his People They have it in Theirs to Destroy their King ☜ A Mixture of Indulgence and Severity Obliges the Loyall and Aws the Refractary The Influeâ—ce of Prudence and Courage Aâ— Prince that bears Affronts and Familiarities from his Subjects Lessens himself How to hindâ—r the Sprâ—ading of a Seditious Humour ☜ Let a Prince keep an Eye over Great Assemblies Let him be Quâ—ck and Watchfull The mostdangeâ—â—us of all Sects A sure way to prerent Schisme Have a Care ☜ The Presbyterians Set-form And Methode Their Modesty ☞ The means of Preventing Schisme Object Petition fâ—â— Peace pag. 4 5. Answ. The Hazzards of Toleration ☜ The Foundaâ—ion of Presbytery ☞ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pag. 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pag. 239. Let Pagans blush at These Christians ☜ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pag. 263. The Growth of Schisme ☜ A Noble Resolve Let the Prince Reform betime And Impartially Note Ambition is the Cause no matter what 's the Cry Corrupt Divines and Lawyers are in the forlorne of all Rebellions ☞ But the Contrary are the Pillars and Blessings of Society The Common Crime of Vitious Lawyers is Avarice The Basest of Corruptions An Ignorant Judg is a Dangerous Minister And so is a Timorous A hard matter to make a good choice A Rule to Chuse by He nugâ— sâ—riâ— duc 〈◊〉 in mala ☞ A way to prevent Treasonous Mistakes The Contrivers of Seditions are of Three Sorts The Puritan ☞ Religion is but Talk Every man for himself A Traytour is of no Religion No ill Story The Presbyterian has gotten a Streyn A Ceremony may be as well impos'd as a 〈◊〉 ☜ ☞ Ambition dangerous in a Favourite A Caution Ambition does better in a Souldiour then in a Counsellour It is the Interest of a Prince to dispose of Offices by Particular Direction 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pag. 240. How to 〈◊〉 an Insolent Favourite The Danger of a Favourite that upholds a Faction And menage of his Design St. 〈◊〉 Bacon ☜ How to disappoint an Ambitious Design Favouritâ—s necessary to the Prince and desirable to the People Concerning the Choice of Servants Let them be Honest and Fit Of approved Loyalty to thâ— Father Not upon Recommendation Publique Natures for Publique Places Not One to all Purposes Let a Prince set his Confident his Bounds afore-hand In Points of Conscience Honour and Convenience let not a Favourite presse the Sovereign The Danger of Over greatnesse as to the People A Proud man in Power Easily crush'd A Covetous Great man The Mischief of False Intelligence Good Advice 〈…〉 Counsel 〈◊〉 ☞ Prudence provides for the worst Reward and â—unishment keep People in Order Honest Truths are Dangerous A Case put The Lower Region of the Court. Four or Five Beggers in Chief ☞ Corrupt Officers a General Pest. Ill-Pay the reason of Ill-Payment Want of Mony makes People Religious The Ill-principled Courtier Dangers from the Camp How Mutinies may be caused ☜ Good Pay will bear good Discipline Modelling and Disâ—banding are dangerous How to New-Modell an Army How to Dis-band The Causes of Revolts A good Choice is the best Security against a Revolt The Danger of an Illâ—order'd City ☜ Pretext of Religion is a dangerâ—us and wicked Quarrell Is there a God Or â—s there None All Seditions proceed from Misgovernment Begin with the Clergy to prevent Schisme Let the Magistracy be well-affected Oppression procur'd by Ill Instruments ☞ Though the Levy be Extraordinary let the way be Ordinary Privileges are Sacred ☞ Poverty is a terrible Enemy The Prince not to forsake his Metropoliâ— Let the Choice be Legall and Prudent ☜ Better the Sovereign Reforme then the Counsell The effects of a Good Choyce and of a Bad. The Mischieves of Partiality ☜ 〈◊〉 a â—yranny then 〈◊〉 Anarchy The Antient Prudence of England for the Prevenâ—ing of Seditâ—ons The Custome of 〈◊〉 or Frank-Pledges The Condition of it Oathes of Allegeance The Judges Charge concerning Tâ—easons c. Knights Service Commission of Array Libido Dominandi Causa Bâ—lli Sal. The King is above Ambition And the Commons Below it ☞ The Interests of the King and Commons are Inseperable The Peerage are either as Petty Kings 〈◊〉 Subjâ—cts The Excellent Government of England was subverâ—ed by a mean â—action Security lost us ☞ A word to my Back fâ—iends Object Answ. Ask Doctor Owen and 〈…〉 That was Anglicâ—e D. â— A Private Person may discover a Publique Enemy The King the Law the Parliment and the Counsell are Sacred Beware of Imputing the faults of a Faction to the Government The Faction has a great Advantage The Presbyterians are True to their Principles but not to their Profession Their Industry ☞ Two Libels The Libellers Character Kings had need to be well enform'd ☜ ☞ 8 H. 6. 11. 11 H. 6. 6. Edict Iuly 7. 1606. Ill Appearances The Custome of Frank-Pledges revived ☜ Discoveries Rewarded Judges in their circuits are good Intelligencerg ☞ How This Discourse may become usefull Treasons Encouraged ☜ Why was Late King Murther'd Not for Religion Nor Tyranny Nor Cruelty Nor for want of Abilities and Valour Nor for Impiety or Intemperance The Kings Indulgence was his Ruine Presbytery is a Specifique Poyson to Monarchy king Iames his Answer to a Presbyterian Queen Elizabeth â—uieted the Schismatiques by Severity Sâ—r did King Iames. Three Disadvantages of King Charles the martyr The Originall of his Troubles The Progresse of them The House of Commons Affronts him The King put to a sad Choice ☜ The Kings Speech The Bounties of the Faction are Baites The Petition of Right His Majesties first Answer to the Petition of Right The Commons Cavill The King Passes the Bill The Commons Requitall His Majesty Explains himself The Commons Inquisition and Insolence ☜ The Protestation of the Commons Their Contest and Dissolution The Kings Mercy Abusâ—d ☜ Abus'd again ☜ The King Betray'd by his Counsell Scotch Declar. Pag. 124. The Kings Mercy again abus'd The Ingratitude of the Scotch Presbyterians Now see the English The Bounty and Grace of the King The Requital of the Presbyterians ☞ His Majesties Patience and Goodnesse Ruin'd him The Kings grand Fatalityes