his misfortune and a Sponge to take of his tears Justinian cryed out Vanitas vanitatum and set Glimmer free allotting to him a Territory in France to live on Sect. 2. Concerning learned Princes OCtavian Augustus notwithstanding his warlike proceedings let not one day pass without reading and making a speech The Emperour Charles the Fourth did take so great delight in Learning as being at Prague invited to hear an Orator and having been four hours time entertained by the Orator when his Lords did beseech him to think on his dinner the time being past an hour he bid them go to their dinner saying He had fed himself with Learning Julius the Second was wont to say Learning with the common People to be as Silver Gold with the Nobles Jewels with Soveraigns Those Princes who have rendered themselves famous for their great Knowledge were carefully provided with choice of Teachers Darius had Lucan Alexander the Great Aristocles Artaxerces Mindare Palemon Captain of the Athenians Xenocrate Xeniacque King of the Corinthians had for him and his Children the Philosopher Chilon Epaminond Prince of the Thebans had Marut Ulisses Catinus Pyrrhe King of the Epirotes had Artemius King Ptolomy Philadelpho was Schollar to the famous Philosopher of Greece Cyrus King of Persia who did destroy Babilon had the Philosopher Prestic Trajan the Emperour Plutarque King Darius Herodet Augustus Piâ—to Pompey Plaute Titus had Plinius Adrian Seconon Antoninus Apollonius Theodosius Claude Severnis Fabate These Philosophers had so much credit with all these Princes that the Children did call them Fathers and the Fathers did respect them as Masters So there came more Travellers to Rome to see Titus Livius and to speak to him than to see the Magnificency of that Epitome of the World Love to Knowledge moved all men to have them in singular great esteem for they were those who taught Numa Pompilus to honour the Churches to Marc Marcell to shed tears for the vanquished to Julius Caesar to forgive his Enemies to Octavian how to make himself beloved of the people to Alexander the Great to Reward all men they rouzed up the Spirit of Hector taught to Hercules of Thebes the Employing well his Forces to Ulisses of Greece discreetly to Adventure to Pyrrhe King of Epirotes to order and invent warlike Engins to Cattullus Regulus patiently to endure Torments Titus to be a Father of Orphans to procure more Knowledge to Marc Aurellius than to any other to Cressus King of the Lydians to get the love of wise men and to all Travellers the true scope of Travel and to make a true useful distinction between men when as the Nations were enslaved in the Adoration of divers Gods the Assyrians in Bel the Egyptians in Apis the Chaldeans in Isis the Babilonians in Dragon the Pharaons in a golden Statue the Palestins in Belzebub the Romans in Jupiter the Africans in that destroying Monster Mars the Corinthians Apollo the Arabians Astaroth the Aguies the Sun the Achaians the Moon the Sidonians Belphegor the Amonites Bahalim the Indians Bacchus the Lacedemians Oyges the Macedonians Mercury the Ephesians Diana the Gretians Juno the Armenians Liber the Trojans Veste the Latins Februa the Tarentins Ceres and the Rhodians Janus The List of all these abominations may justly move all Travellers to thank God that there is at present no danger to be enslaved in the damnable Observation of them but also to implore of the Almighty that they may not meet in their travel with such as Bordelots whose wilfulness moves them to perswade others to entertain no belief at all such as Bordelot taught during his being among the Goths to utter in publick That King Charles of blessed memory did deserve to lose his head because his hand wrote so much of God whose blessed memory justly moves and obligeth me to mention this for having been an ear witness of that most diabolical utterance The best Advice I zealously offer to my Princely Traveller is first to take a delight to charge his Memory with the knowledge of such things as may never be a burden to his Conscience that may afford him sufficient matter of quietness of Mind and plausible Discourse among all worthy men that may move those who shall see and hear him to be his friend as certainly no Rational in the universal World nay no wild Heathens would not be friend Bordelots Scholar The French are accustomed to ask at the very first sight of a stranger Whether he be Homè desprit A man of Wit The Germans If he be a Gentleman The Spaniards If he be a Cavallero The Venetians and Genovesi If he be Rich The Italians in general If he be Ingenious The Low-Dutch If he be an Honest Man Secondly The best Circuit a Traveller can take is to go through Holland towards Germany thereby to satisfie his curiosity by degrees which will encrase upon him for Germany will afford more satisfaction than the Low Countries France more than Germany Italy more than France and as for Spain what it may want of the French Complements it will make good in matter answerable to the Pirenean Hills so in the Spanish their Carriage their Speech and their Conceits like as the words concerning Cortez who did Conquer the golden part of the American world Cortez de à sa Rei muchas Triumphas Reynos y Palmâ—s à Dios muchas Almas in English Cortz gave to his King many Triumphs Kingdoms and Palmes to God many Souls If my Princely Traveller therefore begins with Holland he will see a People who by labour industry and indefatigable assiduty to attain to a settled being have come the nearest to the great Maker by raising something out of an almost nothing to wit a little very rich world out of moorish ground mighty fair populous flourishing well built and well fortified Cities and strong Holds every Inhabitant whereof tending to a settled point to wit Preservation and Melioration accustomed to the Maxime Concordia res parvae crescunt which hath at last brought them by the blessing from above the good and prudent conduct of their States the valiant carriage of their Commanders in chief the William Maurice and Frederic Henry Princes of Orange and the assistance of England and France to such a condition as that after a War which lasted 80 years the King of Spain hath declared them Free States on whom he hath no more pretence at all Their chief publick profession of Religion is called The Reformed Protestant their Church Government depending on their Synods their Pastors maintained by the respective Magistrates who do permit Liberty of Conscience to all men their Courts of Judicature do observe the Imperial Laws no Arrests of persons before Judgement so they be Free Denizons no man suffers death without the party accused confesseth the Crime those of Amsterdam having lost their priviledge in matter of entertaining a Hangman who they must in time of Execution borrow from the Town of Harlem because in some
in gold lace whensoever they did meet Ladies they were to a-light and to accompany them to keep a good Table to have alwayes company as Knights of the Order to serve against none save the Turk to recommend to the King the Son of the Deceased Knight and his Widow for the providing of a Husband and Dowry for his Daughter The Order of the Sepulchre The Order of the holy Sepulchre was instituted in the time of Constantine the Great for his Mother St. Helena being gone to Jerusalem to seek the Sepulchre and having found the same by divine Inspiration did build a Temple on the place to the remembrance of the Resurrection of our Lord and recommended the keeping of the Sepulchre unto certain Gentlemen of her suit who were obliged to make war against the Infidels to relieve Prisoners to attend Divine Service to read the office of the Cross and to wear five red crosses in remembrance of the five wounds of our Lord. Cambden mentions in his Britannia That the City Colchester where this Helena was born and brought up as being the Daughter to King Coile to her remembrance and the said Cross hath for Arms a Cross between four Crowns The Order of St Lazarus in St. Maurice The Knights of the Order of St. Lazarus were instituted by Amadeus Duke of Savoy who having abandoned the world accompanied by ten Cavaliers of eminent Families retired into a Cloyster at Kipaille to live there as an Hermite cloathed himself in a Coat of Ash-colour girded with a girdle of Gold wearing over the same a Cloak of the same colour on the which was a gold imbroydered Cross. They were bound to receive in their Hospital those Christians who did repair to the Wars of the Holy Land they did at first wear a green Cross with a whit Border and was confirmed by several Popes and was afterwards united to that of St. Maurice the Duke of Savoy became the chief thereof The Order of St. John Daccon St. Thomas St. Blaise St. Marie and Repentance The institution of the Order of St. John d'Acon and of St. Thomas in Palestina is uncertain they did wear a red Cross and held to the Order of St. Augustin The Order of St. Catharine The Pilgrims of Jerusalem going to the Cloyster of St. Catharine on Mount Sinay where remains the Body of this Virgin are Knights as those of the Holy Sepulchre wear like Cloathes on the left-side of their Cloak is next to the Cross of Jerusalem the sign of St. Catharine being a Wheel with six spikes they are Knighted by the Guardian of the Fryers of that Cloyster behind the High Altar on her Sepulchre when Mass is said and they have received the Holy Sacrament The Order of the Montoy in Truxillo The Order of the Knights of Montoy in Syria had the Name from a Hill near Jerusalem in the year 1180 they afforded great assistance to the Christians in the conquest of the Holy Land their Cloak is red with a white Star with points they held the Order from the Augustines it was Confirmed by Pope Alexander the 3d being driven out of Syria they came into Europe and especially into Castile where they changed their Names into that of Truxillo according unto the Town where they then settled themselves King Alphonzo gave them very great Revenues The Order of Sword Bearer or the Sword of Livonien The Prince of Livonia did in the yeare 1205 by approbation of Pope Innocentius the 3d institute the order of Militia or Ensiferorum in imitation of the Teutonique Order the Blazon was two red swords in the forme of a Crosse of S. Andrew Imbroydered on their Mantle their duty was to defend the Christians against the Heathens to extirpate all Idolatry and to propagate the true service of God but this Order is incorporated or become common with the Teutoniques it did continue for the space of 357 years The Order of Gens d'armes There was also an Order called that of Gens d'Armes confirmed by Pope Innocentius and founded by S. Dominick for the extirpation of the Albigeois and the conversion of those of Toulose and Lombardy the Knights were of both married and unmarried persons and for that reason called Brothers and their Wives Sisters The Order of S. Mary Glorious The beginning of this Order called St. Marie Glorious was about the yeare 1233. in the time of Gregory the 9th and was afterwards confirmed by Pope Urbanus the 4th the Knights of this Order did live according unto Orders made by Eminent Persons they were to procure Peace between men in discord to defend Widdows and Orphans to procure Love and Union among all People and were by some called Fratres Gaudentes they did weare a white habit with a gray mantle whereon a purple crosse in a silver field with two starres on the top thereof The Order of Mont-Carmell The Order of the Knights of our Lady of Mont-Carmell is that of St Lazars in France which was first joyned to that of St John but afterwards by the earnest solicitation of Philip de Niestain in the year 1607 in the time of King Henry the 4th by Pope Paule the 4th and accorded to be called in France the Knights of our Lady of Montcarmell the Blazon was a violet cross with the Image of our Lady and it was Imbroydered on the Cloak The Order of Alcantara Gomesius Ferdinandus in the time of Ferdinand King of Leon and Galicia about the yeare 1176 did institute the Order of Alcantara the Knights were to resist the pride of the Moores Alphouse the 8th placed them on the River Tagus called Alcantara Pope Benedict gave them liberty to weare a green crosse in the shape of a Lilly The Order of the Avesiens Next to the Order of Alcantara was that of the Avesiens in Portugall they were at first called of Ebora by the name of the Towne wherein they did live they did receive their Title from their great Master Ferdinando Monteyro for the extirpation of the Moores their second great Master was Ferdinando de Yamus having gained the Castell Avys where he transplanted them nearer the Enemies The Order of St George Rodolphus of Habsburch the first Emperour of the House of Austria did institute the Order of St George of Carinthia to resist the invasion of the Turks and gave them a commodious Towne called Carinthia for their habitation and to their great Master the Title of Prince their Blazon was the red crosse of S. George some say that Pope Alexander the 6th and the Emperour Maximilian did institute the Order and that their Blazon was a golden crosse with a Crowne fixt to a golden ring The Order of the Holy Blood The Order of the Holy Blood hath been instituted at Mantua by Vincent Gonzago the fourth Duke of Mantua and the second of Monferat in Anno 1608 the Order was instituted for the defence of the Christian Faith and because those of the Cathedrall Church of St Andrew in Mantua
The Order of the Golden Fleece Philip Duke of Burgundy called the good instituted the Order of the Golden Fleece his intent being to animate the Nobels to the Warr against the Infidels the badge did seem to presage that Philippus bonus his successor should possess a golden World in America the number of the Knights was in Charles the 5th his time increased to 52. the collor is of golden Tinder steeles mixt with cross Laurell branches giving fire the badge a golden Fleece the day of Meeting is that of St. Andrew the Feast lasts three days the first day they are clothed in scarlet Gowns with Mantles and wooll Chaprons in remembrance that Salvation came by spilling of bloud the second black for the deceased Knights of that Order and the third white in honour of the blessed Virgin The Order of Cyprus The House of Lusignan which hath given many Kings and Princes unto Christendom instituted the Order of Cyprus the blazon was a border or collar of gold mixt with Letters SS with a Sword beneath the Blade of silver and the Hilt of gold the words Pour loyaute maintenir the letter S signified Silence others say that the letter R was joyned to the S and the meaning Securitas Regni The Order of St. Michael Lewis the 11th French King instituted in Anno 1469. the Order of St. Michael the collar of golden shells the motto Immensi Tremor Oceani to which is fixed the figure of the Archangel by the Example of his Father who had the said figure in his Banners in remembrance of a vision when he did see the said Angel on a Bridge at Orleans during the siege of the English The Order of the Burgundy Cross. The Emperour Charles the 5th did institute the Order of the Burgundy Cross on the day of St. Magdalene Anno 1535 in Tunis when he made there his victorious entry and did restore Muleasses on his Throne of Tunis which the Pyrat Barbarossa had taken from him The Knights did wear a Mantle with two knotty staves in Santori in memory of St. Andrew patron of that House whereunto was joyned a Tinder-steel with this inscription Barbarici The Order of the Holy Ghost Henry the third French King and of Poland did institute the Order of the Holy Ghost in Anno 1579 the Knights of the Order wear a black Velvet Robe with Fleur de Lis and flames all over imbroidered with gold and silver with a collar of gold intermixt with Lillies and flames The Order of the Round Table Arthur King of England did in Anno 516 institute the Order of the Round Table having driven away the Saxons and several other Nations and this in recompence of those that had behaved themselves manfully he created 24 Knights called of the Round Table and to balance his favours by equal ranks did ordain a Round Table whereat these Knights did sit on Feast-dayes removing thereby all jealousie of precedency and to keep them together in amity The Order of the Baronets King James in the Ninth year of his Raign did institute the Order of Baronets when he brought the Kingdom of Ireland wholly under his obedience and driven the Rebels out of the Province of Ulster the Order is Hereditary on the Eldest son being 21 years of age the blazon is the Arms of Ulster a bloudy Hand in a silver Field The Order of Bannerets King Edward the 3d instituted Knight-Bannerets The Order was Ceremonial as followeth The Knights of the first Rank were brought before the King between two Knights bearing his Pennon or Banner and then the Herauld did in the presence of all the Nobles and Officers of the Army beseech the King considering the Merits Birth Vertue and Means of the Knight to cause the ends of the Pennon to be cut off and so to advance the Knight to the dignity of Banneret The Example of the cutting off the end of the Pennon and the unfolding of the Banner is mentioned in Froisart on the subject of John Chandoys who by Prince Edward sirnamed the black prince in the presence of Don Pedro King of Castill before the Battell of Navaret did receive this honour whose Banner the Prince did unfold None under a Knight was admitted to this Order of Banneret the Dignity did require the means of 25 Gentlemen at the least The Dignity of Banneret required according unto the words Pour faire un Chevallier Banneret c'est quand il a longuement servy les guerres qui il à assez de terres revenus tant qui il peut Servi Souldoyer cinquante gentils homes pour accompagner la Banniere lors il peut licitenant lever la dite Banniere non autrement car nul aulne homme ne peut porter Baniere en Bataille s'il n'a 50 homes prests pour Batailler see Gesta Romanorum s'il n'a cinquante homes d'armes et les Archers et les Arbaletiers quy y apartienent So that these persons considered the old affinity of Bannerets with Barons the suite of Gentlemen the supporting of their shields and to beare it in a square Banner which may not be carried by any of any dignity save by such as are related to the Warres and an officer besides Lord Barons and such as are more then Barons The Order of the Garter King Edward the 3d in the yeare 1350. did institute the Order of the Garter to eternize his Victory of his great Conquest against John King of France James King of Scotland whom he had Prisoners both at one time having also chased Henry King of Castill the Bastard and restored Don Pedro others say that King Edward did institute this Order to defend the honour of Anna Countess of Salisbury a very faire Lady which the King did Love whose blew Garter the King had taken up as it was fallen dancing and was worne by the King on his left leg whereat the Queene being offended and as some of the Nobles reported the same to the King he answered Laughing Hony soit qui maly pense and that he would make that Garter an honour to all those that should weare it and so not long after made it an Order and gave the same to his Nobles The Garter being imbroydered with Gold and costly stones made fast with a loope to be worn at the left leg under the knee signifying love and unity the Mantle is Crimson Velvet and a purple Mantle lined with white and the red crosse of St George invironed with a Garter in a Scutcheon black velvet Bonnets with white Feathers about their shoulders a Collar of Gold being a Garter with white and red Roses betweene whereunto is the Figure of St George and the Dragon underneath the number of the Knights are 26 whereof the King is to be head their feast is kept yearly on St George's day they are Installed at Windsor they are bound to keepe 50 Gentlemen to serve the King upon all occasions they must be in their sute the day of the
they put two Mantles on his shoulders the one blew the other black this covered with dead bones to put to his remembrance by the blew the Heavens to be above him by the black Mortallity So likewise when the great Cam of Cattay succeeded to the Empire his Counsellors put him with his Chair on a black Felt telling him That he must look on the glorious light of the Sun and on the obscurity of his Seat that God is above the Sun without whose mercy he cannot promise to himself the possessing in this world the worth of that black Felt whereon they have put him Of Charity King Amade of Savoy being sought by certain Embassadors who did take great delight in Hunting and Hawking to see his Kennel of Hounds conveyed the Embassadors into a Gallery wherein he shewed them a great number of poor People whom he did daily feed and told the Embassadors That he had no other Kennel but did hope by them to purchase perpetual joyes Sophia Wife to the Emperour Justinian caused diligent enquiries to be made after the particular places where the poor people did pawn their Clothes which she then redeemed and sent them back to the Proprietors to make use of them Of Meekness Benignity and Clemency Eustorgus Salmin King of Cyprus was of such a meek Disposition and so good that Histories mention he never gave any just cause of offence The Emperour Charles the Fift having been advertised That a desperate man had resolved an attempt on his person called the man to him and without making any shew of being advertised or telling him any thing gave him five thousand Ducats for a portion to his Daughter Quintus Fabricius Maximus being advertised that Marso a man valiant at arms would betray him caused him also to be called and did ask him How long he would suffer him to be his Debtor gave him Horses Arms and Money Caius Claudius Caligula Emperour of Rome caused all the Accusations made during the Raign of Tiberius to be burnt on the publick Market-place nor could any man perswade him to take any particular notice of the Contents of them nor to know any of the Names of the Conjurators Lewis Duke of Orleance who succeeded Charles the Eight and was then called Lewis the Twelfth being put in remembrance of the Injuries Recorded during the time of his being Duke of Orleance answered That it would not become a French King to resent them Henry of Bourbon a French King was so full of Clemency as among thousands of testimonies which he gave of it would have saved the Duke de Biron who had conspired against his Royal person if Biron would have relyed on his mercy As for daily marks of his matchless Clemency to wave all Resents against all ill-disposed persons he made no other reply to a Libel which had been thrown on his way coming from Amiens to Paris save The man hath said all and hath forgotten nothing save his Name Queen Catharine de Medicis Mother to Charles the Ninth the French King being advertised that a great Libellist was penning a Book against her sent for him presented him with a Bag with one thousand Pistols and took no notice of the man's malice against her Of Justice Artaserste being by his High Chancellor ingaged in a Promise but finding the Boon could not be in Justice he made in lieu of it a Present to the value of the granted Boon saying The Gift could not make him poor but the Boon would have made him unjust Ribera Vice-roy of Naples having pardoned a Crime worthy of death and being petitioned in behalf of the party for another heinous offence said the first was the offendors the second would be his if Justice had not its course The Vicar of Naples having condemned a man that had wounded another and being Petitioned in favour of the Offendor whose Friends would make him pass for a Mad man answered That Justice tends not to punish the Wise but the Mad. Trajan the Emperour in his glorious departure from Rome being implored by a woman to do her Justice stopt lighted from his Horse heard her Cause did her right The strict observance of Justice was notorious in a Count of Holland who having constrained a Nobleman to espouse a Lady who the said Nobleman had ravished caused him immediately after the Ladies Honour was repaired to be beheaded The Grecian Emperours were the first cause of the saying Audite alteram Partem being accustomed to stop one of their Eares while they heard the Plaintiff and it s a good saying That those who are accustomed to buy Justice are apparently apt to sell it Of Prudence King Alphonze the wise said That a prudent man consults long with wise friends is vigorous and quick in putting the case resolved on in practice never forgets the absent nor hold the maintaining the Innocent and the overcoming of Passion as an indifferent matter The Emperour Maximilian said That an Italian thinks long on a business The French executes his thoughts at the same time as he thinks but that the Germains do and think on it afterwards which is no Prudence Of Liberality This quality in Emanuel the Great Duke of Savoy made Marini the Italian a second Pettarca write of that Duke his hands Mani che si stringano al ferro é siaprane perdar Oro in English Hands clinging to the Iron and opening to give Gold George Villiers late Duke of Buckingham having observed that the French Chevallier de Jarr exiled from France in England was in want and cold not ask invited him to play at Tennis caused two Bags each of one thousand pounds in Gold to be laid under the Rope and to have line marks given to the French Cavallier to lay against the ready Money because he had invited him to the Tennis Court without any forewarning to disguise the better his design to lose the Money and to make the French Cavallier play the more freely the Duke plaid false stroaks yet so dexteriously disguised as that the Spectators could not perceive the Duke's intention nor did the French Cavallier ever know it Of ancient examples of Liberality besides that of Alexander the Great that of Gellia is notorious for he was so generously liberal of Heart as he made his Palace a publick receptacle of all men in want builded for publick uses assisted in private gave portions to virtuous Widows and Virgins kept men at the City Gates to invite strangers at his Table and gave them Presents Of Compassion and Grief When Alexander the Great did see Darius dead Julius Caesar the Head of Pompo Marc Marcellus Syracuse inflames and Scipio Numaricia they could not with hold their Tears though they were their mortal Enemies Justinian the Emperor seeing Glimmer King of the Vandals after many Victories by him fought brought before him Glimmer having been so hard put to it by Belisary as that at last he begged from him but one loaf of bread a Gitar to play
doe pretend to have a piece of the sponge of our Lord three drops of blood and to have them of St Longin a Centurion and Martyr The Collar was of golden Ovals made fast with little golden rings annext to goldsmiths crusets set on flames of fire the words Domine probasti me The symbol that they must stand firme in adversity Live in Friendship and Unity under the Badge was represented two Angels with an ovall relique of Christal in the which the three drops of blood are represented about it the words Nihil hoc tristo recepto The Order was confirmed by Paul the 5th the Knights twenty in number The Order of St Mariae Redemptionis Captivorum or the Mercede of S. Mariae de misericordia The King of Aragon was the institutor of this Order in Anno 1223. it was at Barcelona to resist the Moores and the Knight to put himselfe as an Hostage for any Christian that had not means to pay his Ransome their habit was a white mantell with the Armes of Aragon and Catalogue the Order was confirmed by Gregory the Nnth. The Order of the Lords of S. John Baptist of Jerusalem called Hospitallers as also Johannists Of the most eminent of all the Orders of Knighthood that of S. John of Jerusalem is none of the least it began Anno 1104 by one Gerardus of the Malphitannick merchants who for the recovery of Hierusalem did obtain leave from the King of that Land to make Hospitalls about the Holy Sepulchre to receive the Pilgrims and the Sick which being granted unto them did vow their Means and Families to the H. John Baptist they were bound to receive all those that went to visit the Holy Land to convay and defend them against those of Arabie and the unbelievers their Cloak was black with a white crosse of eight corners as a signe of their purity and the eight Godlinesses unto which they aspire they call their Superiors Magistros Militiae they are of the Order of S. Augustine are bound to fight in person against the Infidels those who through Age are unfit for Warre are sent to governe their Lands and Families being called Commanders They came into Europe after Palestina was lost took Rhodes by force and kept it 214 years thence were placed at Malta which they since that time have valiantly defended none can be admitted to this Order except Nobly borne not of Mahometan Moores ' nor Jewish race nor Illegitimate nor under the years of eighteen except six which is the prerogative of the Great Master The Teutonike Order or bearing Cross. As concerniug this Order the Germans would not be lesse in their Institution then the Italians Spanish or French it was Instituted in the year 1191 and was called the Teutonick Knights of the blessed Virgin porte-Croix they beare that name from the Church and Hospitall which hath been built in honour of her they are called Teutonicke because none but Germans were to be admitted into the same they weare a Rosarie about their crosse therefore are called Marianes or Porte-Croix their originall is ascribed to certain Citizens of Breme and Lubec in the time of Henry the 5th in the yeare 1191 who instituted Hospitals to receive Pilgrims bound for Hierusalem they were confirmed by Pope Celestin the 3 d who did order them to weare a white Mantell with a white shield and black crosse they professe the Orders of S. Augustine they were to fight against all unbelievers they are to read between 24 houres 200 Paternosters Ave Maria and Creede they are under the command of a head who they call Magistrum or Summum Magistrum the first was Henricus à Walpot At their reception the Novices did make this promise Wir tragen euch wasser und brode zuc und desz genuch daer ein geringe kleydung euwer leben lang wirt es besser so habt irs auch wytter sind wir euch nicht schuldich Being driven away they retired to Ptolomaida and being by the Sarazens likewise driven away they came into Germany and in the year 1227 about the 8th yeare of Frederick the 2d Pope Gregory the 9th with consent of the Emperour they were called in Pruisse by Coenrade Duke of Mansovien to attacke it which they so valorously performed as that they conquered all Pruissia and Livonia and reduced the Inhabitants to the Christian faith and therefore are called Prussions also but were assisted by the Militia Christi or Ensiferorum to conquest Livonia The Order of St. Salvator Alphonzo King of Spain being set on the extirpation of the Moors out of Aragon and Saragossa did in Anno 1118 institute the Order of St. Salvator in the Town of Mont Real in Aragon and did so encourage them as that in Anno 1120 they made the Moores to retire and quit the Country The Order of St. James in Spain Petrus Ferdinandus in Anno 1170 was the first instituter of the Order of St. James called also of Compostella by reason the Chanons of St. Elou near Compostella did contribute to the establishment of this Order for the maintaining of the Christian cause the badg is a purple Cross in the form of a Hilt Qnae militaris spathae Capulum exprimit The Order of Calatrava The Order of Calatrava begun in the year 1121 by Alphonse the Saint the original of the Name of Calatrava proceeds from the Moores being set before the place in the Region of Toledo which the Templars did refuse to defend which 1000 Monks of the Order of Cisteaux undertook and made the Moores retire Their Mantle is white with a red cross Ex Ordinatione Benedicti the 13th who was Pope in Spain they are confirmed by Pope Alexander the 3d. They were permitted to Marry once The Order of Scama The Order of Scama in Spain was instituted by John the 2d King of Castil but is exstinguished The Order of la Calra In immitation of the Knights de la Banda the Venetians did institute the Order of the Knights of la Calra there could be none of this Order but persons of Noble bloud the collar is of gold the badg the image of St. Mark the motto Pax tibi Marce. The Order of the Anunciate The Duke of Savoy is the chief of the Order of the Anunciate they are fourteen Knights Armadeus the Fourth called the Great was the instituter of the Order the collar is of gold with scutchions and knots of Love knotted together with the words Amadei magni the badge the image of the blessed Virgin being saluted by the Angel The Order of St. Andrew King Hnngus of Scotland having overcome Athelâ—tan King of England did institute the Order of St. Andrew or the Thistle the collar was of knots with Thistle-flowers with the words Nemo me mpune lacessit alluding unto the Thistle the badg St. Andrew with his Cross which the King said he saw in the Firmament before the Battel and therefore in memory of that Victory King Hungus made it an Order
three Toades Clodian his son did not Coat them but three Crownes Merovee seased on the Crowne made peace with Cetius chiefe of the Romans defeated Antila King of the Hunns and called the Neighbourhood of Paris France which gave the name of all that Empire and as in the first digression his successors took the name of Meroviens the line whereof hath continued untill Pepin Clovis son to Chilperic being Christened was that Clovis who did Coate the Flower de Lis which were at first in great number but were reduced to three by Charles the 6th the 54th French King and so did all the Princes of the Blood It was by perswasion of his Heraold at Armes who said Qui plus a moins porte and these Armes have been continued by the French Kings untill this present time in the Line of Boucley The Kingdome of France as the French will have it falls not to the distaf Lilia non nent though Julius Caesar said of them that though in their first heat they seem to be more then Men but afterwards to be lesse then woman They are the most courteous of all Nations but more unconstant then any therefore one to whom a notable person of them was highly extold for setlednesse being said to have well an Ounce of Lead in his head replyed the Man ought to be much valued for that all France had not one pound The French do generally love their King they are accustomed to a liberty which takes not with all Nations they are much addicted to change which seems to be their life and element but as they are prompt to commit faults they are as quick to repaire them they love and esteem strangers hear their profers with attention they are liberall in bestowing great charges of trust on them though different of Religion for example the Duke de la Force Marshall de Chastillon Torras Turien Gassion Ransoro Balthazar and many others I shall not overburden this with the list of the great and mighty Cities whereof there are 53 as Metropolitans their nine Parliament Citties in respective shires where they are Courts of Justice Neither shall I spend time with such minutes as mentioned in other copious recitalls to wit the difference between the proceeding of Spanish and French in their dressing of themselves which signify nothing to a Traveller though I shall note for the observation of all Travellers certain precise Civilities which the well bred French will observe and doe look for from all Travellers First they confine salutations to Ladies within the bounds of arrivall and departure the Familiarity of Kisses being thought an uncivill boldnesse at any other time and were become troublesome especially from snottinose young striplings who had learned no other quality It is not permitted to any Gentleman who visits a Lady to lay downe Cloake or Hat except in such places that can endure Doublet and Breeches to keep the Cloake and Hat company A Gentleman who hath the honour to Usher a Princesse must not yeeld her hand to any man except to a Prince or a Marshall of France Never refuse but take as a particular Honour the accepting to present to a Prince or Princesse the cup or glasse which by that Prince or Princesse domestick servant may be brought It s not the custome when a Prince doth Sneese to say as to other persons and the old civility was Dieu vous ayde God help you but only to make a Low reverence Though a French Prince should to a stander by at his Table present something which may be eaten yet must he not tast thereof except the Prince commands it and it is the like with any Fruit presented between Meales If a Gentleman be admitted to a Prince his Table he is not to drinke before the Prince had his Glasse No Broth is to be taken out of a Dish but first laid on the trencher No yolk of Eggs sipped out of the shell but taken out with a spoone Nor any blowing of hot Broth in a spoon which little nicities must be observed by any man that will passe for a Gentleman among the Nobility of France and are here recited only in reference and for the observation of those who have the honour to accompany a Prince in his Travell A Princely Traveller curious to know all the ancient and Moderne affairs of France will do well to visit the Library of Mons du Puy who hath a collection of above a hundred Volumes of Manuscripts as also visit the Library of the Count de Brienne for he hath 120 Volumes of Manuscripts containing the Treaties and Alliances made with Forraigne Princes and all the rare pieces of State since Lewis the XI and among them to take particular notice of the Memorialls of Mr de Villeroy and President Genin who were Great men in King Henry the 4th his time As for publick visits a Princely Traveller who knoweth what the publick Accademies for exercises and for the knowledge of the Mathematicks are shall not need to spend time with Academies but call upon Masters of Ceremonies to accompany him for the first time and afterwards untill departure use the liberty of France in visits not in Italy nor Spaine where the day and hower for visits must be demanded Hee shall not use any complement in the retreat from a conversation for it is the manner to depart without any ceremony except the company be all gone As for the visiting of Embassadors it is most fit to consult their leasure as well in France as in other parts for it is with them as it was with him who had written on his dore Whosoever hath knockt twice and is not opened may be gone for I am not cannot or will not be at home Embassadors are as publick Sentinells they have their set time of guard and no conversation then to be had with them It is fit for a Princely Traveller to visit them to entertaine amity with those Soveraignes whom they represent and to know the continuall case of their affaires and intriques and to that purpose to visit also those Ladies where the publick Ministers do frequent where a Traveller will heare as from Parrets when their cage is in the Sun all what occurres France is represented by a Woman all deckt with Eyes and Tongues and if none could speake loud enough she hath a Trumpet SECT VIII NOW for Italy and if by Savoy men who affect Relicks may take notice of a Saints Sudari at Turin And as for the Prime of men let them take notice on the successors of the great Emanuel of Savoy and never be wrought upon by what the Cardinall d'Ossat in his passion wrote against that Great Duke of Savoy by Birth King of Cypres of the old Saxon Imperiall Spanish and French Royall blood most magnanimous in all his proceedings more rich in Jewells then any other Prince in Europe attended by a great number of Nobles and in as much Pompe as any Christian Soveraigne Prince can
of Gold and Copper to hold 24 Wax lights on the gate two great figures in the shape of Angells of copper and Gold holding two Scroules wherein is carved the words Natura me Occidit Spes me Elevat There is a vaulted place in the coming forth of this Pantheon wherein are the Tombes of the Princes and Princesses of Spaine covered with red Velvet richly embroydered with gold and Silver There are 36 Altars in the Church to which appertains all the Ornaments of change for every day in the yeare There are many pictures of an inestimable value a true originall of King David There are 36 crosses of Gold set with precious stones and an infinite number of Silver Lamps and Candlesticks there are in the main body of the Escuriall twelve thousand Windows and Dores the least of the Dores having cost one hundred pound sterling There are 17 Cloisters and 17 Courts and 85 Fountains there are 300 Religious men of the Order of St Jerome all Gentlemen the Annuall Revenue is foure hundred thousand Crownes There is in the Escuriall one of the Earthen vessels wherein as the Spaniards say was the miraculous Wine of the Wedding in Cana. As for Madrid it hath ever since the Court of the former Kings was kept at Valledolit bin the place of the King of Spaine his constant aboade The great Feast and Sport of the Torros is that which the Spaniard affects so much as he cannot leave it for the Popes Excommunication against such as may come to a fatall end in that sport The Pompe of the Roman Catholick Church sheweth it selfe very much in that of la Madona de la Totche wherein the Dominicans have an Altar of Massie Silver of an extraordinary bignes with a Madona of Silver fix foot high with a Sun of Massie Gold about the head set with precious stones the Railes about the Chappell of Massie Silver there are one hundred Silver Lamps the least whereof cost 400 Crowns some cost 12 thousand Crowns That of Toledo is of the forme of St Peter in Rome the Bishop hath 400 thousand Crownes revenue per annum the Treasure of that Church is of an unestimable value At the Pardo some miles distant from Madrid there is in a massy Silver Tombe a Figure representing Christ for the which King Philip the 2d did pay one hundred thousand Crownes it is of wood but so rarely carved as never Eyes beheld the like I have begun with Sepulchers proceeded with Churches Monasteries and described their riches more facil to the King of Spaine to compasse since he possesseth the Gold and silver Mynes and hath in his Dominions all the most pretious productions of Nature As for Madrid it is situated under a most pure Clime The greatest Palace would not yeeld so much Chimney mony as a little House of ten pound per annum in England since by the number of seaven Chimneys the greatest Palace of Madrid is wont to be described they use Silver Brazeros in all their romes of State and Bedchambers That which is remarkable in the King of Spaines Court is the attendance to his prime Minister of State now the Duke Medina de las Torros successor to Don Louis d' Arro who succeeded the Conde Duca d' Olivares prime Minister of State when Charles Prince of Great Britain was in that Court Anno 1625. The Nobles affect no other clothes then Black Freize all Winter long plain Taffaty in the Summer time The Ladies at Court admit Audiences when demanded it is in the presence of the King and Queene The Ladies stand on a row if the Cavalleros who have demanded Audience of them are Grandees they cover themselves The late Duke of Buckingham the Match les of all the Subjects in the World and who attended the Prince of Great Pritain had particular Audiences with the Conde Duca d' Olivares his Lady on the score of his being Embassador Extraordinary the Plenipotentiary for the Treaty of the Match and her being Camarera-Major with whom it was necessary to confer during the Treaty of an intended Match by King James of Blessed memory and the Prince with the Infanta Maria sister to King Philip the 4th But very loose impertinent and ill grounded discourses have been made in England concerning the Duke of Buckinghams correspondency with the said Countes as if she had been a strumpet of Greece and of those young silly Court sooles who are charmed by kind words who see Babies in all mens Eyes that look on them and perswade themselves that they must not resist those first glowings of Cypres coles except they would smother those Babies in their temporary Lovers eyes and loose their Maiden head in a dreame for nothing when as they pretend by answering their palpable Narcissus to have something more then imagination in the Bargain The Duke of Buckingham had other Fish to Frie then to make Love to himselfe with an old Woman the good successe of a Treatie for an intended Match by which Gondomar had promised the re-restitution of a Palatinate was the golden fleece for which this Matchlesse Jason exposed himselfe I do not say among Monsters of Africa but among Juglers Interlopers and no lesse then such Embassadors who with the Character of honest men do but too often Lye abroad to make good State Policy exposed himselfe into the attendance of that Matchlesse Prince in whose preservation three Great Nations besides all his friends abroad were interessed And when the Duke of Buckingham did find where the Remora was fixt partly in the calot humour of the Sexe which is the most tardy to admit reason because the Sex is the most passionate and that after long parleys with the slow resolving Spanish Councils of State the Match was still in statu quo it was then time as the French say either Faire bonne mine en manvais jeu put a good Face on an ill businesse or to try the uttermost a Camarero Major could or would do laying aside words Bull-begger like damned Hereticks whereby the zelot Romans do distinguish the true Christian Catholicks others in the Match of Matchlesse most precious Infanta Maria who certainly was a Princesse fit to be an Empresse of all the World as Shee afterwards became the Empresse of Germany As for visits to the Spanish it is not their custome to exchange words or complements before parties are set in Chaires with Armes They leave the visitor in possession of their House when the conversation is ended and for that go before attending him in his Coach they are succinct and grave in their Complements use to speak Proverbs if to passe Complements on great Holy-dayes as Christmas and Easter they only say three words Las buenas Pasquas they are very carefull to send complements to those of their friends and acquaintances who have been let blood and ever accompany their complement with a present which they call la Sangria They endeavour as much as they can to send their present