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B11307 The essayes or counsels, ciuill and morall, of Francis Lo. Verulam, Viscount St. Alban; Essays Bacon, Francis, 1561-1626. 1625 (1625) STC 1148; ESTC S100362 104,580 356

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Worse when they come to them Be not Penny-wise Riches haue Wings and sometimes they Fly away of themselues sometimes they must be set Flying to bring in more Men leaue their Riches either to their Kindred Or to the Publique And moderate Portions prosper best in both A great State left to an Heire is as a Lure to all the Birds of Prey round about to seize on him if he be not the better stablished in Yeares and Iudgement Likewise Glorious Gifts and Foundations are like Sacrifices without Salt And but the Painted Sepulchres of Almes which soone will putrifie and corrupt inwardly Therefore Measure not thine Aduancements by Quantity but Frame them by Measure And Deferre not Charities till Death For certainly if a Man weigh it rightly he that doth so is rather Liberall of an Other Mans then of his Owne Of Prophecies XXXV I Meane not to speake of Diuine Prophecies Nor of Heathen Oracles Nor of Naturall Predictions But only of Prophecies that haue beene of certaine Memory and from Hidden Causes Saith the Pythonissa to Saul To Morrow thou and thy sonne shall be with me Homer hath these Verses At Domus Aeneae cūctis dominabitur Oris Et Nati Natorum qui nascentur ab illis A Prophecie as it seemes of the Roman Empire Seneca the Tragedian hath these Verses Venient Annis Seculaseris quibus Oceanus Vincula Rerum laxet ingens Pateat Tellus Typhisque nouos Detegat Orbes nec sit Terris Vltima Thule A Prophecie of the Discouery of America The Daughter of Polycrates dreamed that Iupiter bathed her Father and Apollo annointed him And it came to passe that he was crucified in an Open Place where the Sunne made his Bodie runne with Sweat and the Raine washed it Philip of Macedon dreamed He sealed vp his Wiues Belly Whereby he did expound it that his Wife should be barren But Aristander the Soothsayer told him his Wife was with Childe because Men doe not vse to Seale Vessells that are emptie A Phantasme that appeared to M. Brutus in his Tent said to him Philippis iterùm me videbis Tiberius said to Galba Tu quoque Galba degustabis Imperium In Vespasians Time there went a Prophecie in the East That those that should come forth of Iudea should reigne ouer the World which though it may be was meant of our Sauiour yet Tacitus expounds it of Vespasian Domitian dreamed the Night before he was slaine that a Golden Head was growing out of the Nape of his Necke And indeed the Succession that followed him for many yeares made Golden Times Henry the Sixt of England said of Henry the Seuenth when he was a Lad and gaue him Water This is the Lad that shall enioy the Crowne for which we striue When I was in France I heard from one Dr. Pena that the Q. Mother who was giuen to Curious Arts caused the King her Husbands Natiuitie to be Calculated vnder a false Name And the Astrologer gaue a Iudgement that he should be killed in a Duell At which the Queene laughed thinking her Husband to be aboue Challenges and Duels but he was slaine vpon a Course at Tilt the Splinters of the Staffe of Mongomery going in at his Beuer. The triuiall Prophecie which I heard when I was a Childe and Queene Elizabeth was in the Flower of her Yeares was When Hempe is sponne England's done Whereby it was generally conceiued that after the Princes had Reigned which had the Principiall Letters of that Word Hempe which were Henry Edward Mary Philip and Elizabeth England should come to vtter Confusion Which thankes be to God is verified only in the Change of the Name For that the Kings Stile is now no more of England but of Britaine There was also another Prophecie before the yeare of 88. which I doe not well vnderstand There shall be seene vpon a day Betweene the Baugh and the May The Blacke Fleet of Norway When that that is come and gone England build Houses of Lime and Stone For after Warres shall you haue None It was generally conceiued to be meant of the Spanish Fleet that came in 88. For that the King of Spaines Surname as they say is Norway The Prediction of Regiomontanus Octogessimus octauus mirabilis Annus Was thought likewise accomplished in the Sending of that great Fleet being the greatest in Strength though not in Number of all that euer swamme vpon the Sea As for Cleons Dreame I thinke it was a Iest It was that he was deuoured of a long Dragon And it was expounded of a Maker of Sausages that troubled him exceedingly There are Numbers of the like kinde Especially if you include Dreames and Predictions of Astrologie But I haue set downe these few onely of certaine Credit for Example My Iudgement is that they ought all to be Despised And ought to serue but for Winter Talke by the Fire side Though when I say Despised I meane it as for Beleefe For otherwise the Spreading or Publishing of them is in no sort to be Despised For they haue done much Mischiefe And I see many seuere Lawes made to suppresse them That that hath giuen them Grace and some Credit consisteth in three Things First that Men marke when they hit and neuer marke when they misse As they doe generally also of Dreames The second is that Probable Coniectures or obscure Traditions many times turne themselues into Prophecies While the Nature of Man which coueteth Diuination thinkes it no Perill to foretell that which indeed they doe but collect As that of Seneca's Verse For so much was then subiect to Demonstration that the Globe of the Earth had great Parts beyond the Atlanticke which mought be Probably conceiued not to be all Sea And adding thereto the Tradition in Plato's Timeus and his Atlanticus it mought encourage One to turne it to a Prediction The third and Last which is the Great one is that almost all of them being infinite in Number haue beene Impostures and by idle and craftie Braines meerely contriued and faigned after the Euent Past Of Ambition XXXVI AMbition is like Choler Which is an Humour that maketh Men Actiue Earnest Full of Alacritie and Stirring if it be not stopped But if it be stopped and cannot haue his Way it becommeth Adust and thereby Maligne and Venomous So Ambitious Men if they finde the way Open for their Rising and still get forward they are rather Busie then Dangerous But if they be check't in their desires they become secretly discontent and looke vpon Men and matters with an Euill Eye And are best pleased when Things goe backward Which is the worst Propertie in a Seruant of a Prince or State Therefore it is good for Princes if they vse Ambitious Men to handle it so as they be still Progressiue and not Retrograde Which because it cannot be without Inconuenience it is good not to vse such Natures at all For if they rise not with their Seruice they will take Order to make their Seruice fall with them
Consistories Ecclesiasticke The Churches and Monasteries with the Monuments which are therein extant The Wals and Fortifications of Cities and Townes And so the Hauens Harbours Antiquities and Ruines Libraries Colledges Disputations and Lectures where any are Shipping and Nauies Houses and Gardens of State and Pleasure neare great Cities Armories Arsenals Magazens Exchanges Burses Ware-houses Exercises of Horseman-ship Fencing Trayning of Souldiers and the like Comedies Such wherunto the better Sort of persons doe resort Treasuries of Iewels and Robes Cabinets and Rarities And to conclude whatsoeuer is memorable in the Places where they goe After all which the Tutors or Seruants ought to make diligent Enquirie As for Triumphs Masques Feasts Weddings Funeralls Capitall Execuons and such Shewes Men need not to be put in minde of thē Yet are they not to be neglected If you will haue a Young Man to put his Trauaile into a little Roome and in short time to gather much this you must doe First as was said he must haue some Entrance into the Language before he goeth Then he must haue such a Seruant or Tutor as knoweth the Country as was likewise said Let him carry with him also some Card or Booke describing the Country where he trauelleth which will be a good Key to his Enquiry Let him keepe also a Diary Let him not stay long in one Citty or Towne More or lesse as the place deserueth but not long Nay when he stayeth in one City or Towne let him change his Lodging from one End and Part of the Towne to another which is a great Adamant of Acquaintance Let him sequester himselfe from the Company of his Country men and diet in such Places where there is good Company of the Nation where he trauaileth Let him vpon his Remoues from one place to another procure Recommendation to some person of Quality residing in the Place whither he remoueth that he may vse his Fauour in those things he desireth to see or know Thus he may abridge his Trauaile with much profit As for the acquaintance which is to be sought in Trauaile That which is most of all profitable is Acquaintance with the Secretaries and Employd Men of Ambassadours For so in Trauailing in one Country he shall sucke the Experience of many Let him also see and visit Eminent Persons in all Kindes which are of great Name abroad That he may be able to tell how the Life agreeth with the Fame For Quarels they are with Care and Discretion to be auoided They are commonly for Mistresses Healths Place and Words And let a Man beware how he keepeth Company with Cholerick and Quarelsome Persons for they will engage him into their owne Quarels When a Trauailer returneth home let him not leaue the Countries where he hath Trauailed altogether behinde him But maintaine a Correspondence by letters with those of his Acquaintance which are of most Worth And let his Trauaile appeare rather in his Discourse then in his Apparrell or Gesture And in his Discourse let him be rather aduised in his Answers then forwards to tell Stories And let it appeare that he doth not change his Country Manners for those of Forraigne Parts But onely prick in some Flowers of that he hath Learned abroad into the Customes of his owne Country Of Empire XIX IT is a miserable State of Minde to haue few Things to desire and many Things to feare And yet that commonly is the Case of Kings Who being at the highest want Matter of desire which makes their Mindes more Languishing And haue many Representations of Perills and Shadowes which makes their Mindes the lesse cleare And this is one Reason also of that Effect which the Scripture speaketh of That the Kings Heart is inscrutable For Multitude of Iealousies and Lack of some predominant desire that should marshall and put in order all the rest maketh any Mans Heart hard to finde or sound Hence it comes likewise that Princes many times make themselues Desires and set their Hearts vpon toyes Sometimes vpon a Building Sometimes vpon Erecting of an Order Sometimes vpon the Aduancing of a Person Sometimes vpon obtaining Excellency in some Art or Feat of the Hand As Nero for playing on the Harpe Domitian for Certainty of the Hand with the Arrow Commodus for playing at Fence Caracalla for driuing Chariots and the like This seemeth incredible vnto those that know not the Principle That the Minde of Man is more cheared and refreshed by profiting in small things then by standing at a stay in great We see also that Kings that haue beene fortunate Conquerours in their first yeares it being not possible for them to goe forward infinitely but that they must haue some Checke or Arrest in their Fortunes turne in their latter yeares to be Superstitious and Melancholy As did Alexander the Great Dioclesian And in our memory Charles the fift And others For he that is vsed to goe forward and findeth a Stop falleth out of his owne fauour and is not the Thing he was To speake now of the true Temper of Empire It is a Thing rare hard to keep For both Temper Distemper consist of Contraries But it is one thing to mingle Contraries another to enterchange them The Answer of Apollonius to Vespasian is full of Excellent Instruction Vespasian asked him What was Neroes ouerthrow He answered Nero could touch and tune the Harpe well But in Gouernment sometimes he vsed to winde the pins too high sometimes to let them downe too low And certaine it is that Nothing destroieth Authority so much as the vnequall and vntimely Enterchange of Power Pressed too farre and Relaxed too much This is true that the wisdome of all these latter Times in Princes Affaires is rather fine Deliueries and Shiftings of Dangers and Mischiefes when they are neare then solid and grounded Courses to keepe them aloofe But this is but to try Masteries with Fortune And let men beware how they neglect and suffer Matter of Trouble to be prepared For no Man can forbid the Sparke nor tell whence it may come The difficulties in Princes Businesse are many and great But the greatest difficulty is often in their owne Minde For it is common with Princes saith Tacitus to will Contradictories Sunt plerumque Regum voluntates vehementes inter se contrariae For it is the Soloecisme of Power to thinke to Command the End and yet not to endure the Meane Kings haue to deale with their Neighbours their Wiues their Children their Prelates or Clergie their Nobles their Second-Nobles or Gentlemen their Merchants their Commons and their Men of Warre And from all these arise Dangers if Care and Circumspection be not vsed First for their Neighbours There can no generall Rule be giuen The Occasions are so variable saue one which euer holdeth which is That Princes doe keepe due Centinell that none of their Neighbours doe ouergrow so by Encrease of Territory by Embracing of Trade by Approaches or the like as they become more