sometime_o a_o more_o large_a extension_n for_o he_o that_o be_v a_o alien_n bear_v out_o of_o the_o king_n dominion_n under_o the_o obedience_n of_o another_o king_n if_o he_o dwell_v in_o england_n and_o be_v protect_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o law_n he_o owe_v to_o the_o king_n the_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n and_o so_o he_o be_v ligatus_fw-la regi_fw-la and_o ligeus_n regis_fw-la and_o if_o he_o commit_v treason_n the_o indictment_n shall_v be_v contra_fw-la ligeantiae_fw-la suae_fw-la debitum_fw-la as_o it_o be_v in_o shirley_n the_o frenchman_n case_n yet_o be_v he_o not_o the_o king_n subject_n for_o he_o be_v not_o bear_v ad_fw-la fidem_fw-la regis_fw-la but_o this_o be_v not_o that_o ligeance_n which_o we_o must_v find_v for_o in_o a_o true_a and_o lawful_a subject_n there_o must_v be_v subiectio_fw-la fides_fw-la &_o obedientia_fw-la and_o those_o can_v be_v sever_v no_o more_o than_o true_a faith_n and_o charity_n in_o a_o true_a christian_a and_o he_o that_o have_v these_o three_o à _fw-fr nativitate_fw-la be_v ligeus_n regis_fw-la and_o can_v not_o be_v a_o stranger_n or_o alien_n to_o the_o king_n or_o in_o his_o kingdom_n and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o other_o two_o interpretation_n of_o law_n that_o be_v analogica_fw-la analogica_fw-la &_o practica_fw-la king_n james_n have_v now_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o gernsey_n and_o jersey_n by_o descent_n all_o these_o be_v his_o dominion_n and_o under_o his_o subjection_n and_o obedience_n king_n henry_n the_o second_o have_v england_n and_o normandy_n by_o descent_n from_o his_o mother_n maud_n the_o empress_n and_o anjou_n and_o main_a by_o descent_n from_o his_o father_n geoffrey_n plantagenet_n and_o ireland_n by_o conquest_n henry_n the_o three_o have_v england_n and_o ireland_n by_o descent_n from_o his_o grandfather_n henry_n the_o second_o and_o aquitany_n by_o descent_n from_o his_o grandmother_n queen_n elinor_n wife_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o and_o daughter_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o aquitany_n edward_n the_o first_o have_v all_o the_o same_o by_o descent_n and_o part_n of_o scotland_n by_o conquest_n edward_n the_o second_o and_o edward_z the_o three_o have_v all_o the_o same_o by_o descent_n also_o and_o beside_o edward_n the_o three_o claim_v all_o france_n by_o descent_n from_o his_o mother_n queen_n isabella_n and_o have_v the_o most_o part_n of_o it_o in_o possession_n and_o so_o have_v henry_n the_o five_o and_o henry_n the_o six_o also_o now_o if_o in_o these_o king_n time_n subject_n bear_v in_o those_o country_n be_v then_o under_o their_o obedience_n be_v no_o alien_n but_o capable_a of_o land_n in_o england_n and_o if_o at_o this_o time_n subject_n bear_v in_o ireland_n or_o gernsey_n and_o jersey_n be_v no_o alien_n but_o capable_a of_o land_n in_o england_n then_o by_o a_o analogical_a interpretation_n why_o shall_v not_o subject_n bear_v in_o scotland_n be_v at_o this_o time_n in_o like_a degree_n for_o in_o proportion_n and_o in_o likeness_n and_o conveniency_n there_o can_v be_v no_o difference_n at_o all_o but_o whether_o the_o subject_n bear_v in_o those_o country_n in_o the_o time_n of_o those_o king_n be_v then_o capable_a of_o land_n in_o england_n as_o natural_a subject_n similia_fw-la or_o be_v deem_v alien_n be_v the_o question_n and_o therein_o interpretatio_fw-la practica_fw-la be_v to_o be_v consider_v and_o so_o the_o case_n be_v bring_v to_o be_v examine_v per_fw-la similia_fw-la and_o in_o divinity_n praxis_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la est_fw-la interpres_fw-la praeceptorum_fw-la now_o than_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o king_n subject_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n that_o be_v postnati_a may_v be_v resemble_v to_o the_o king_n subject_n of_o ireland_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o gernesey_n etc._n etc._n as_o now_o they_o be_v and_o to_o the_o subject_n of_o normandy_n anjou_n and_o gascoigne_n and_o part_n of_o scotland_n in_o former_a time_n when_o the_o same_o be_v the_o dominion_n and_o under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o i_o speak_v always_o and_o will_v be_v understand_v of_o kingdom_n and_o dominion_n in_o possession_n and_o under_o obedience_n and_o not_o of_o those_o whereunto_o the_o king_n have_v right_a but_o have_v no_o possession_n or_o obedience_n i_o hold_v that_o in_o all_o point_v material_a concern_v this_o question_n they_o be_v alike_o though_o not_o in_o all_o thing_n for_o than_o it_o be_v idem_fw-la and_o not_o simile_n and_o this_o can_v not_o be_v better_o understand_v than_o by_o examine_v the_o objection_n to_o the_o contrary_a which_o in_o substance_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o four_o in_o number_n first_o for_o ireland_n ireland_n it_o be_v get_v by_o conquest_n 1._o and_o the_o conqueror_n may_v impose_v what_o law_n he_o will_v upon_o they_o but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o of_o kingdom_n come_v by_o descent_n this_o be_v a_o conceit_a difference_n respon_n and_o lack_v the_o foundation_n of_o reason_n and_o have_v not_o the_o true_a part_n of_o a_o difference_n for_o those_o that_o be_v borue_a in_o ireland_n and_o those_o that_o be_v bear_v in_o scotland_n be_v all_o alike_o for_o their_o birth_n within_o the_o king_n dominion_n and_o be_v bear_v under_o the_o like_a subjection_n and_o obedience_n to_o the_o king_n and_o have_v the_o like_a bond_n nay_o even_o the_o same_o bond_n of_o allegiance_n that_o be_v they_o be_v bear_v ad_fw-la fidem_fw-la regis_fw-la beside_o where_o it_o be_v say_v the_o conqueror_n may_v impose_v what_o law_n he_o will_v then_o consider_v how_o it_o be_v in_o the_o interim_n before_o king_n john_n give_v law_n to_o ireland_n nay_o which_o be_v more_o i_o ask_v whether_o the_o conqueror_n of_o ireland_n can_v give_v new_a law_n to_o england_n and_o make_v irish_a man_n to_o be_v as_o natural_a bear_v subject_n in_o england_n if_o their_o birthright_n do_v not_o give_v it_o they_o which_o before_o the_o conquest_n they_o be_v not_o for_o that_o be_v proper_o the_o question_n but_o if_o any_o difference_n be_v the_o case_n of_o descent_n be_v the_o strong_a for_o as_o justice_n yeluerton_n say_v that_o be_v by_o a_o undoubted_a title_n make_v by_o law_n the_o other_o by_o a_o doubtful_a title_n win_v by_o the_o sword_n but_o leave_v ireland_n get_v by_o conquest_n france_n what_o say_v you_o to_o the_o great_a kingdom_n of_o france_n which_o edward_n the_o three_o have_v first_o in_o right_n by_o lawful_a descent_n and_o after_o in_o possession_n by_o triumphant_a conquest_n and_o which_o henry_n the_o six_o hold_v after_o in_o possession_n by_o descent_n be_v ever_o doubt_v make_v whether_o the_o subject_n bear_v there_o so_o long_o as_o it_o be_v in_o subjection_n and_o obedience_n to_o the_o king_n be_v capable_a of_o land_n in_o england_n i_o will_v now_o turn_v the_o case_n and_o ask_v a_o other_o question_n if_o king_n james_n our_o sovereign_n have_v first_o be_v king_n of_o england_n by_o lawful_a descent_n as_o now_o he_o be_v and_o after_o scotland_n have_v descend_v unto_o he_o shall_v not_o the_o subject_n of_o scotland_n i_o speak_v still_o of_o postnati_a have_v be_v judge_v as_o natural_a subject_n in_o england_n as_o those_o of_o france_n be_v in_o edward_n the_o three_o time_n then_o he_o have_v now_o both_o kingdom_n by_o lineal_a true_a and_o lawful_a descent_n it_o can_v make_v no_o difference_n touch_v the_o capacity_n of_o subject_n which_o kingdom_n descend_v to_o he_o first_o and_o which_o second_v but_o both_o be_v to_o he_o alike_o and_o it_o be_v clear_a postnati_a in_o england_n be_v now_o capable_a and_o inheritable_a in_o scotland_n though_o some_o have_v make_v a_o causeless_a and_o needless_a doubt_n of_o it_o and_o so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n those_o of_o scotland_n be_v in_o england_n it_o be_v say_v aquitany_n normandy_n and_o aquitanie_n be_v no_o monarchy_n or_o kingdom_n 2._o but_o dukedom_n or_o seignory_n in_o france_n and_o hold_v of_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n and_o therefore_o not_o to_o be_v resemble_v to_o scotland_n which_o be_v a_o ancient_a and_o absolute_a kingdom_n this_o objection_n reach_v not_o to_o the_o reason_n of_o our_o question_n respon_n for_o be_v they_o kingdom_n be_v they_o signory_n yet_o the_o subject_n bear_v there_o be_v bear_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o so_o in_o that_o respect_n alien_n but_o in_o that_o they_o be_v bear_v within_o the_o king_n dominion_n and_o under_o his_o subjection_n and_o obedience_n they_o be_v no_o alien_n but_o liege_n and_o natural_a bear_v subject_n to_o the_o king_n and_o so_o capable_a and_o inheritable_a in_o england_n i_o say_v beside_o the_o duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o aquitany_n be_v absolute_a prince_n and_o have_v sovereign_a power_n in_o those_o country_n although_o they_o do_v not_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o king_n as_o at_o
this_o time_n the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n the_o duke_n of_o florence_n the_o duke_n and_o state_n of_o venice_n and_o of_o late_a the_o great_a duke_n of_o russia_n the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n the_o archduke_n of_o austria_n etc._n etc._n so_o the_o difference_n in_o style_n and_o name_n make_v no_o difference_n in_o sovereignty_n for_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o have_v as_o absolute_a sovereignty_n in_o ireland_n when_o his_o style_n be_v lord_n of_o ireland_n as_o when_o he_o change_v his_o style_n and_o be_v call_v king_n of_o ireland_n and_o to_o say_v that_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n shall_v give_v any_o privilege_n to_o they_o of_o normandy_n and_o aquitanie_n in_o england_n be_v a_o strange_a conceit_n it_o may_v rather_o be_v object_v against_o they_o but_o as_o i_o say_v before_o they_o be_v bear_v within_o the_o king_n dominion_n and_o under_o his_o obeisance_n and_o therefore_o as_o subject_n bear_v in_o england_n and_o if_o man_n may_v believe_v some_o ancient_a story_n aquitany_n and_o normandy_n have_v sometime_o king_n and_o be_v kingdom_n of_o themselves_o and_o not_o depend_v nor_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v then_o a_o small_a portion_n of_o gallia_n and_o but_o a_o little_a one_o in_o comparison_n of_o that_o which_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n and_o some_o say_v that_o there_o be_v four_o and_o twenty_o king_n in_o gaul_n but_o as_o the_o king_n of_o france_n increase_v in_o power_n and_o strength_n they_o subdue_v their_o neighbor-prince_n and_o so_o that_o kingdom_n grow_v to_o that_o greatness_n that_o now_o it_o be_v at_o even_o as_o the_o heptarchy_n in_o england_n be_v dissolve_v and_o make_v a_o entire_a kingdom_n when_o one_o of_o the_o king_n mighty_a than_o the_o rest_n subdue_v his_o neighbour_n it_o be_v say_v further_a england_n that_o normandy_n and_o aquitany_n be_v subject_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n 3._o and_o to_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n but_o so_o be_v not_o scotland_n ergo_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o stand_v not_o well_o with_o that_o which_o respon_n be_v object_v before_o that_o they_o be_v but_o signory_n houlden_v of_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n and_o it_o be_v true_a that_o before_o edward_n the_o three_o time_n those_o king_n of_o england_n that_o hold_v those_o great_a signory_n do_v acknowledge_v that_o they_o hold_v the_o same_o of_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n but_o these_o objection_n be_v light_a and_o not_o worth_a the_o time_n that_o have_v be_v spend_v about_o they_o the_o sovereignty_n be_v in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n the_o crown_n be_v but_o a_o ensign_n of_o sovereignty_n the_o inuesture_n and_o coronation_n be_v but_o ceremony_n of_o honour_n and_o majesty_n the_o king_n be_v a_o absolute_a and_o perfect_a king_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v and_o without_o those_o ceremony_n the_o seal_n be_v to_o be_v alter_v and_o change_v at_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o king_n he_o may_v have_v one_o he_o may_v have_v many_o as_o please_v he_o the_o king_n do_v use_v queen_n elizabeth_n seal_n for_o diverse_a month_n after_o his_o come_n into_o england_n queen_n elizabeth_n use_v king_n philip_n &_o queen_n mary_n seal_n for_o a_o time_n and_o queen_n marie_n use_v king_n edward_n seal_n and_o all_o that_o be_v so_o do_v be_v well_o and_o lawful_o do_v many_o thing_n be_v do_v by_o ancient_a king_n of_o england_n before_o the_o conquest_n by_o their_o signature_n and_o sign_n manuel_n without_o any_o seal_n at_o all_o and_o some_o such_o since_o the_o conquest_n also_o as_o grant_n make_v by_o maude_n the_o empress_n to_o albericke_n de_fw-fr vere_n and_o other_o the_o king_n may_v by_o his_o great_a seal_n command_v all_o his_o subject_n that_o be_v under_o his_o obedience_n wheresoever_o they_o be_v in_o the_o world_n so_o he_o do_v in_o normandy_n so_o he_o do_v in_o aquitany_n so_o he_o do_v in_o that_o part_n of_o scotland_n that_o he_o have_v in_o possession_n and_o in_o 24._o edw._n 1._o his_o judge_n keep_v ordinary_a court_n of_o justice_n there_o and_o i_o have_v see_v the_o record_n of_o placita_fw-la exercitus_fw-la regis_fw-la apud_fw-la edinburgh_n apud_fw-la roxburgh_n apud_fw-la s._n johns-towne_n etc._n etc._n in_o scotia_n so_o he_o may_v command_v his_o subject_n if_o they_o be_v in_o france_n spain_n rome_n or_o turkey_n or_o the_o indies_n and_o for_o several_a seal_n the_o earl_n of_o chester_n have_v a_o special_a seal_n for_o that_o his_o ancient_a county_n palatine_n the_o duke_n of_o lancaster_n have_v a_o special_a seal_n for_o his_o new_a county_n palatine_n and_o after_o when_o these_o county_n come_v to_o the_o king_n possession_n the_o king_n continue_v several_a seal_n in_o they_o both_o for_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n but_o as_o subordinate_a to_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n and_o i_o make_v little_a doubt_n but_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v now_o command_v any_o of_o his_o subject_n of_o scotland_n under_o his_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n they_o will_v as_o they_o ought_v dutiful_o obey_v he_o as_o in_o king_n edward_n the_o 1._o edward_n the_o 2._o and_o edward_n the_o 3._o time_n they_o command_v many_o of_o the_o lord_n of_o that_o part_n of_o scotland_n which_o then_o be_v under_o their_o obedience_n i_o find_v that_o in_o 13._o edw._n 2._o quarto_fw-la die_fw-la junij_fw-la the_o king_n constituit_fw-la adomarun_n de_fw-fr valentia_n comitem_fw-la pembrochiae_fw-la custodem_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la ac_fw-la locum_fw-la suum_fw-la tenentem_fw-la quamdiu_fw-la rex_fw-la in_o partibus_fw-la transmarinis_fw-la moram_fw-la fecerit_fw-la and_o the_o next_o day_n viz._n die_fw-la jovis_fw-la quinto_fw-la die_fw-la junij_fw-la rex_fw-la ordinavit_fw-la quod_fw-la magnum_fw-la sigillum_fw-la suum_fw-la remaneret_fw-la clausum_fw-la in_o liquo_fw-la loco_fw-la securo_fw-la dum_fw-la rex_fw-la esset_fw-la in_o partibus_fw-la transmarinis_fw-la et_fw-la ordinavit_fw-la quoddam_fw-la aliud_fw-la paruum_fw-la sigillum_fw-la interim_n pro_fw-la regimine_fw-la regni_fw-la ad_fw-la brevia_fw-la etc._n etc._n consignanda_fw-la sub_fw-la teste_fw-la adomari_fw-la de_fw-la valentia_n comitis_fw-la pembroch_o nota_fw-la here_o be_v a_o petty_a seal_n pro_fw-la regimine_fw-la regni_fw-la wherein_o be_v comprise_v commission_n for_o justice_n mandatoria_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la brevia_fw-la consignanda_fw-la which_o be_v for_o remedialia_fw-la as_o they_o be_v term_v it_o be_v say_v law_n that_o scotland_n have_v law_n that_o be_v proper_a for_o that_o kingdom_n 4._o &_o that_o they_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o so_o è_fw-la contra_fw-la and_o last_o it_o be_v say_v that_o in_o england_n every_o person_n be_v within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o some_o leete_n and_o at_o the_o age_n of_o twelve_o year_n every_o one_o be_v to_o be_v swear_v in_o the_o leete_n to_o be_v foiall_a and_o loyal_a to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n that_o be_v to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n for_o so_o he_o understand_v loyal_a but_o postnati_a in_o scotland_n can_v not_o be_v so_o and_o that_o they_o have_v a_o other_o form_n of_o oath_n in_o scotland_n ergo_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o this_o last_o part_n respon_n of_o the_o oath_n in_o the_o leete_n the_o lord_n chief_a baron_n do_v clear_v it_o so_o plain_o as_o more_o need_v not_o to_o be_v say_v this_o be_v legalis_fw-la ligeantia_fw-la it_o be_v not_o alta_fw-la ligeantia_fw-la by_o birth_n which_o be_v that_o which_o we_o have_v now_o in_o question_n the_o historical_a discourse_n that_o have_v be_v make_v of_o leete_n of_o law_n day_n of_o decenna_n decennarij_fw-la of_o the_o tenne-mens_n tale_n and_o the_o oath_n of_o all_o male_a child_n of_o twelve_o year_n etc._n etc._n take_v at_o the_o leete_n be_v no_o news_n indeed_o it_o be_v very_o old_a master_n lambard_n have_v it_o all_o centuria_fw-la and_o more_o too_o at_o large_a in_o explicatione_n verborum_fw-la in_o the_o word_n centuria_fw-la it_o be_v before_o the_o conquest_n but_o it_o make_v no_o hang_v to_o this_o natural_a allegiance_n and_o subjection_n of_o birth_n it_o be_v not_o alta_fw-la ligeantia_fw-la by_o birthright_n it_o be_v but_o legalis_fw-la ligeantia_fw-la by_o policy_n and_o fitzherbert_n call_v it_o swear_v to_o the_o law_n and_o if_o that_o be_v the_o only_a bond_n and_o mark_n of_o allegiance_n many_o be_v out_o of_o it_o and_o so_o at_o liberty_n as_o child_n under_o twelve_o year_n yet_o sometime_o they_o may_v commit_v treason_n and_o felony_n where_o malitia_fw-la supplet_fw-la aetatem_fw-la so_o woman_n of_o all_o sort_n yet_o they_o may_v be_v shrewd_a and_o dangerous_a traitor_n and_o if_o they_o be_v woman_n noble_o bear_v or_o widow_n that_o be_v wife_n to_o noble_a man_n they_o shall_v be_v try_v per_fw-la pares_fw-la also_o noble_a man_n of_o all_o sort_n who_o be_v neither_o bound_n to_o attend_v the_o leete_n nor_o to_o take_v that_o oath_n as_o appear_v by_o britton_n cap._n
29._o treat_v of_o the_o court_n call_v the_o sheriff_n turn_v out_o of_o which_o the_o leete_n seem_v to_o be_v extract_v for_o whatsoever_o be_v not_o present_v in_o the_o leete_n may_v be_v present_v and_o punish_v in_o the_o sheriff_n turn_v and_o m_o kitchen_n cit_v britton_n in_o this_o point_n for_o the_o leete_n and_o allege_v also_o the_o statute_n of_o marlebridge_n cap._n 10._o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o at_o this_o day_n the_o view_n of_o francke-pleges_a and_o the_o put_n in_o of_o francke-pleges_a and_o the_o decennarij_fw-la be_v but_o bare_a name_n of_o thing_n past_a the_o use_n and_o substance_n be_v obsolete_a and_o go_v and_o as_o it_o be_v say_v few_o in_o this_o place_n have_v put_v in_o such_o plege_n or_o take_v that_o oath_n and_o yet_o i_o trust_v we_o be_v good_a subject_n and_o bear_v true_a faith_n and_o allegiance_n but_o this_o have_v be_v so_o full_o answer_v and_o clear_v by_o the_o lord_n chief_a baron_n and_o the_o lord_n coke_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n as_o i_o do_v wrong_a to_o spend_v time_n in_o it_o but_o touch_v the_o several_a law_n i_o say_v that_o several_a law_n can_v make_v no_o difference_n in_o matter_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o in_o the_o bond_n of_o allegiance_n and_o obedience_n to_o one_o king_n and_o so_o it_o conclude_v nothing_o for_o the_o point_n in_o question_n normandy_n and_o aquitany_n have_v several_a law_n differ_v from_o the_o law_n of_o england_n so_o have_v france_n in_o king_n edward_n the_o 3._o and_o henry_n the_o 6._o his_o time_n ireland_n before_o king_n johns_n time_n continue_v their_o ancient_a law_n and_o so_o for_o the_o most_o part_n have_v do_v ever_o since_o gernesey_n and_o jersey_n have_v yet_o at_o this_o day_n several_a law_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v the_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o normandy_n wales_n have_v &_o in_o many_o thing_n yet_o have_v several_a law_n so_o for_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n also_o yet_o these_o never_o be_v nor_o must_v not_o be_v cantel_v and_o cut_v off_o from_o their_o allegiance_n and_o obedience_n to_o the_o king_n nor_o the_o king_n subject_n bear_v there_o be_v incapable_a of_o land_n and_o inheritance_n in_o england_n for_o where_o there_o be_v but_o one_o sovereign_a all_o his_o subject_n bear_v in_o all_o his_o dominion_n be_v bear_v ad_fw-la fidem_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o be_v bind_v to_o he_o by_o one_o bond_n of_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n and_o in_o that_o one_o be_v not_o great_a nor_o lesser_a than_o a_o other_o nor_o one_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o another_o but_o all_o to_o be_v obedient_a alike_o and_o to_o be_v rule_v alike_o yet_o under_o several_a law_n and_o custom_n and_o as_o saint_n gregory_n say_v of_o the_o church_n in_o una_fw-la fide_fw-la nihil_fw-la officit_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la sanctae_fw-la diversa_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la so_o i_o will_v conclude_v for_o this_o point_n that_o diversity_n of_o law_n and_o custom_n make_v no_o breach_n of_o that_o unity_n of_o obedience_n faith_n and_o allegiance_n which_o all_o liege_n subject_n owe_v to_o their_o liege_n king_n and_o sovereign_a lord_n and_o as_o none_o of_o they_o can_v be_v alien_n to_o the_o king_n so_o none_o of_o they_o can_v be_v alien_n or_o stranger_n in_o any_o of_o his_o kingdom_n or_o dominion_n nor_o alien_n or_o stranger_n one_o to_o another_o no_o more_o than_o a_o kentishman_n to_o a_o cheshire-man_n or_o è_fw-la contra_fw-la and_o therefore_o all_o that_o have_v be_v bear_v in_o any_o of_o the_o king_n dominion_n since_o he_o be_v king_n of_o england_n be_v capable_a and_o inheritable_a in_o all_o his_o dominion_n without_o exception_n and_o as_o to_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o objection_n trial_n that_o there_o will_v be_v defect_n of_o trial_n for_o thing_n do_v in_o scotland_n can_v be_v try_v in_o england_n i_o say_v that_o that_o make_v little_a to_o our_o present_a question_n whether_o postnati_a in_o scotland_n be_v alien_n in_o england_n and_o not_o capable_a of_o land_n in_o england_n but_o it_o trench_v to_o cast_v some_o aspersion_n upon_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n that_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o give_v justice_n to_o the_o king_n subject_n for_o lack_n of_o sufficient_a mean_n of_o trial_n of_o question_n of_o fact_n but_o to_o this_o baron_n altham_n give_v so_o full_a a_o answer_n as_o more_o can_v be_v say_v and_o so_o he_o do_v both_o clear_a the_o doubt_n and_o do_v uphould_v the_o sufficiency_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n in_o that_o behalf_n and_o it_o seem_v strange_a that_o this_o shall_v now_o be_v find_v out_o to_o be_v object_v against_o scotland_n since_o it_o be_v never_o heretofore_o object_v for_o france_n normandy_n aquitany_n nor_o be_v at_o this_o day_n for_o ireland_n gernesey_n and_o jersey_n etc._n etc._n whereas_o all_o stand_v upon_o the_o same_o reason_n for_o the_o point_n of_o trial_n but_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n have_v be_v such_o as_o there_o never_o fail_v certain_a rule_n for_o trial_n of_o all_o question_n in_o fact_n and_o those_o be_v fit_v and_o adapt_v to_o the_o matter_n which_o be_v to_o be_v try_v and_o therefore_o whosoever_o do_v diligent_o observe_v it_o he_o shall_v find_v in_o the_o course_n and_o practice_v of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n above_o twenty_o several_a form_n of_o trial_n as_o by_o battle_n by_o jury_n and_o that_o in_o diverse_a kind_n by_o wager_n of_o law_n by_o proof_n by_o examination_n by_o inspection_n by_o certificate_n of_o diverse_a kind_n and_o by_o many_o other_o way_n and_o lest_o there_o shall_v be_v any_o defect_n in_o that_o behalf_n the_o law_n have_v provide_v several_a form_n of_o join_v of_o issue_n and_o in_o that_o have_v special_a regard_n of_o thing_n do_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n as_o every_o student_n may_v see_v in_o the_o book_n of_o report_n thus_o i_o have_v pass_v these_o four_o objection_n and_o therefore_o for_o this_o part_n i_o conclude_v that_o if_o argumentum_fw-la à _fw-la simili_fw-la be_v ever_o good_a and_o concludent_fw-la in_o law_n my_o lord_n the_o judge_n have_v prove_v this_o case_n by_o so_o many_o plain_a and_o direct_a example_n and_o like_a case_n and_o by_o so_o many_o strong_a argument_n &_o solid_a reason_n draw_v out_o of_o book_n case_n out_o of_o statute_n out_o of_o the_o true_a rule_n and_o form_n of_o plead_v and_o out_o of_o ancient_a record_n and_o precedent_n some_o produce_v by_o m._n attorney_n and_o many_o more_o remember_v by_o the_o judge_n as_o no_o one_o thing_n can_v be_v more_o plain_o exemplify_v nor_o appear_v more_o like_a to_o a_o other_o than_o this_o case_n be_v to_o those_o case_n which_o they_o have_v remember_v but_o if_o example_n and_o argument_n à _fw-la simili_fw-la do_v fail_n rationem_fw-la than_o it_o remain_v recurrere_fw-la ad_fw-la rationem_fw-la and_o what_o reason_n that_o ought_v to_o be_v and_o how_o to_o be_v understand_v be_v to_o be_v consider_v for_o it_o be_v say_v that_o lex_fw-la est_fw-la ratio_fw-la summa_fw-la iubens_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la facienda_fw-la sunt_fw-la &_o prohibens_fw-la contraria_fw-la so_o it_o must_v be_v the_o depth_n of_o reason_n not_o the_o light_n and_o shallow_a distemper_a reason_n of_o common_a discourser_n walk_v in_o paul_n or_o at_o ordinary_n in_o their_o feast_n and_o drink_v drown_v with_o drink_n or_o blow_v away_o with_o a_o whiff_n of_o tobacco_n lucretius_n note_v that_o in_o many_o there_o be_v rationis_fw-la egestas_fw-la and_o saint_n gregory_n say_v qui_fw-la in_o factis_fw-la dei_fw-la rationem_fw-la non_fw-la videt_fw-la infirmitatem_fw-la svam_fw-la considerans_fw-la cur_n non_fw-la videat_fw-la rationem_fw-la videt_fw-la for_o although_o reason_n and_o knowledge_n be_v infinite_a yet_o no_o man_n can_v have_v more_o of_o it_o than_o he_o be_v capable_a of_o every_o man_n must_v receive_v it_o and_o keep_v it_o in_o his_o own_o vessel_n he_o can_v borrow_v his_o neighbour_n brainpan_n to_o put_v it_o in_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o without_o cause_n 118_o that_o one_o of_o the_o grave_a and_o best_a learned_a lawyer_n of_o our_o age_n and_o a_o privy_a counsellor_n to_o one_o of_o the_o great_a monarch_n of_o europe_n describe_v those_o that_o shall_v be_v interpreter_n of_o law_n by_o four_o special_a quality_n that_o be_v 1._o aetate_fw-la grave_n 2._o erudition_n praestantes_fw-la 3._o vsu_fw-la rerum_fw-la prudentes_fw-la 4._o publica_n authoritate_fw-la constituti_fw-la so_o there_o must_v be_v gravity_n there_o must_v be_v learning_n there_o must_v be_v experience_n and_o there_o must_v be_v authority_n and_o if_o any_o one_o of_o these_o want_n they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v interpreter_n of_o the_o law_n how_o all_o these_o quality_n concur_v in_o these_o reverend_a judge_n who_o we_o have_v hear_v in_o this_o present_a case_n i_o
allegiance_n be_v due_a and_o therefore_o since_o she_o fail_v in_o that_o she_o be_v not_o to_o be_v answer_v and_o thereupon_o she_o pray_v licence_n to_o depart_v from_o her_o written_a and_o so_o she_o leave_v her_o suit_n now_o 3._o for_o the_o reason_n which_o have_v be_v draw_v and_o strain_v out_o of_o the_o statute_n an._n 14._o edw._n 3._o france_n if_o they_o be_v well_o examine_v they_o serve_v little_a for_o this_o point_n which_o we_o have_v in_o hand_n it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v at_o what_o time_n and_o upon_o what_o occasion_n that_o statute_n be_v make_v king_n edw._n the_o three_o be_v right_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o kingdom_n of_o france_n by_o descent_n from_o his_o mother_n and_o have_v spend_v many_o year_n for_o the_o recover_n of_o the_o same_o resolve_v to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o name_n and_o style_n of_o king_n of_o france_n be_v advise_v thereunto_o by_o they_o of_o flaunders_n hereupon_o he_o do_v take_v the_o style_n of_o king_n of_o france_n and_o alter_v his_o seal_n and_o his_o arm_n and_o after_o a_o while_n place_v the_o arm_n of_o france_n before_o the_o ancient_a arm_n of_o england_n as_o they_o be_v bear_v at_o this_o day_n this_o give_v occasion_n for_o the_o make_n of_o this_o statute_n for_o some_o people_n ascun_fw-la gentes_fw-la say_v the_o statute_n see_v this_o change_n and_o consider_v the_o large_a and_o ample_a extent_n and_o the_o magnificence_n of_o that_o great_a kingdom_n begin_v to_o doubt_v that_o the_o king_n will_v make_v his_o imperial_a seat_n there_o and_o conceive_v thereby_o that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v the_o lesser_a shall_v be_v in_o subjection_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v the_o great_a and_o to_o be_v govern_v and_o rule_v by_o a_o viceroy_n or_o deputy_n as_o they_o see_v ireland_n be_v and_o though_o in_o the_o king_n style_n england_n be_v place_v before_o france_n yet_o they_o see_v the_o arm_n of_o france_n marshal_v before_o the_o arm_n of_o england_n though_o at_o the_o first_o bear_v thereof_o some_o say_v it_o be_v not_o so_o to_o clear_v this_o doubt_n and_o to_o take_v away_o this_o fear_n from_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n be_v this_o statute_n make_v as_o do_v plain_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n itself_o now_o if_o you_o will_v make_v a_o apt_a and_o proper_a application_n of_o that_o case_n then_o between_o england_n and_o france_n to_o this_o our_o case_n now_o between_o scotland_n and_o england_n it_o must_v be_v thus_o 1._o edw._n 3._o then_o king_n of_o england_n be_v the_o lesser_a have_v afterwards_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v the_o great_a by_o descent_n and_o take_v the_o style_n of_o king_n of_o france_n king_n james_n king_n of_o scotland_n be_v the_o lesser_a have_v afterward_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v the_o great_a by_o descent_n and_o take_v the_o style_n of_o king_n of_o england_n 2._o king_n ed._n 3._o alter_v his_o seal_n and_o his_o arm_n and_o place_v the_o arm_n of_o france_n before_o the_o arm_n of_o england_n king_n james_n have_v change_v his_o seal_n and_o his_o arm_n in_o england_n and_o have_v place_v the_o arm_n of_o england_n before_o the_o arm_n of_o scotland_n 3._o it_o be_v then_o doubt_v that_o king_n edw._n 3._o will_v remove_v his_o court_n out_o of_o england_n the_o lesser_a and_o keep_v his_o imperial_a seat_n and_o state_n in_o france_n the_o great_a king_n james_n have_v indeed_o remove_v his_o court_n out_o of_o scotland_n the_o lesser_a and_o do_v in_o his_o royal_a person_n with_o the_o queen_n and_o prince_n and_o all_o his_o child_n keep_v his_o imperial_a seat_n in_o england_n the_o great_a 4._o in_o all_o these_o the_o case_n agree_v but_o yet_o one_o difference_n there_o be_v and_o that_o be_v in_o the_o style_n for_o king_n ed._n 3._o in_o his_o style_n place_v england_n the_o lesser_a be_v his_o ancient_a kingdom_n before_o france_n the_o great_a be_v new_o descend_v unto_o he_o but_o king_n james_n in_o his_o style_n place_v england_n the_o great_a though_o new_o descend_v unto_o he_o before_o scotland_n the_o lesser_a be_v his_o ancient_a kingdom_n 5._o now_o this_o be_v thus_o perhaps_o scotland_n may_v out_o of_o this_o example_n have_v conceive_v the_o like_a doubt_n against_o england_n as_o england_n do_v then_o against_o france_n but_o as_o there_o be_v then_o no_o doubt_n make_v whether_o the_o king_n subject_n bear_v in_o england_n shall_v be_v capable_a of_o land_n in_o france_n so_o out_o of_o this_o statute_n and_o upon_o this_o example_n no_o doubt_n can_v be_v infer_v whether_o the_o king_n subject_n now_o bear_v in_o scotland_n shall_v be_v capable_a of_o land_n in_o england_n but_o all_o these_o objection_n and_o the_o ground_n whereupon_o they_o be_v frame_v viz._n quando_fw-la duo_fw-la iura_fw-la etc._n etc._n have_v be_v so_o thorough_o and_o profound_o examine_v and_o so_o learned_o and_o full_o answer_v and_o clear_v by_o the_o judge_n as_o i_o make_v no_o doubt_n but_o all_o wise_a and_o indifferent_a hearer_n be_v well_o satisfy_v therein_o and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o so_o possess_v with_o a_o prejudicate_a opinion_n against_o truth_n and_o reason_n that_o will_v say_v in_o their_o own_o heart_n licèt_fw-la persuaseris_fw-la non_fw-la persuadebis_fw-la &_o so_o either_o serpent-like_a stop_v their_o ear_n or_o else_o wilful_o absent_v themselves_o because_o they_o will_v not_o hear_v the_o weakness_n and_o absurdity_n of_o their_o own_o conceit_n lay_v open_a and_o confute_v if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o i_o say_v as_o i_o trust_v there_o be_v but_o few_o and_o yet_o i_o fear_v there_o be_v some_o i_o will_v they_o have_v learn_v of_o tertullian_n that_o veritas_fw-la docendo_fw-la suadet_fw-la non_fw-la suadendo_fw-la docet_fw-la and_o i_o wish_v that_o they_o be_v not_o find_v among_o the_o number_n of_o those_o to_o who_o saint_n paul_n say_v si_fw-la quis_fw-la ignorat_fw-la ignoret_fw-la and_o saint_n john_n in_o the_o apocalypse_n qui_fw-la sordidus_fw-la est_fw-la sordescat_fw-la adhuc_fw-la and_o i_o will_v exhort_v with_o saint_n paul_n qui_fw-la tenet_fw-la teneat_fw-la and_o not_o waver_v or_o doubt_v by_o such_o weak_a argument_n and_o objection_n but_o in_o this_o new_a learning_n crown_n there_o be_v one_o part_n of_o it_o so_o strange_a and_o of_o so_o dangerous_a consequent_a as_o i_o may_v not_o let_v it_o pass_v viz._n that_o the_o king_n be_v as_o a_o king_n divide_v in_o himself_o and_o so_o as_o two_o king_n of_o two_o several_a kingdom_n and_o that_o there_o be_v several_a allegeance_n and_o several_a subjection_n due_a unto_o he_o respective_o in_o regard_n of_o his_o several_a kingdom_n the_o one_o not_o participate_v with_o the_o other_o this_o be_v a_o dangerous_a distinction_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o crown_n and_o between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o kingdom_n it_o reach_v too_o far_o i_o wish_v every_o good_a subject_n to_o beware_v of_o it_o it_o be_v never_o teach_v but_o either_o by_o traitor_n as_o in_o spencer_n bill_n in_o edward_n the_o second_o time_n which_o baron_n snig_n and_o the_o lord_n chief_a baron_n and_o lord_n coke_n remember_v or_o by_o treasonable_a papist_n as_o harding_n in_o his_o confutation_n of_o the_o apology_n maintain_v that_o king_n have_v their_o authority_n by_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o nation_n and_o have_v no_o more_o power_n than_o the_o people_n have_v of_o who_o they_o take_v their_o temporal_a jurisdiction_n and_o so_o ficlerus_n simanca_n and_o other_o of_o that_o crew_n or_o by_o seditious_a sectary_n and_o puritan_n as_o buchannon_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la regni_fw-la apud_fw-la scotos_fw-gr penry_n knox_n and_o such_o like_a for_o by_o these_o and_o those_o that_o be_v their_o follower_n and_o of_o their_o faction_n there_o be_v in_o their_o pamphlet_n too_o much_o such_o traitorous_a seed_n sow_v but_o leave_v this_o distinction_n i_o will_v add_v a_o little_a more_o to_o prove_v that_o in_o reason_n robert_n caluine_n and_o other_o like_a postnati_a in_o scotland_n aught_o by_o law_n to_o be_v capable_a of_o land_n in_o england_n and_o for_o that_o i_o will_v remember_v one_o rule_n more_o which_o be_v certain_a and_o fail_v not_o and_o aught_o to_o be_v observe_v in_o all_o interpretation_n of_o law_n and_o that_o be_v ne_o quid_fw-la absurdum_fw-la ne_fw-la quid_fw-la illusorium_fw-la admittatur_fw-la but_o upon_o this_o subtle_a and_o dangerous_a distinction_n of_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n due_a to_o the_o king_n and_o of_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n due_a to_o the_o crown_n and_o to_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v the_o only_a basis_n and_o fundamental_a main_a reason_n to_o disable_v the_o plaintiff_n and_o all_o postnati_a there_o follow_v too_o many_o gross_a and_o foul_a absurdity_n whereof_o i_o will_v touch_v some_o few_o and_o so_o conclude_v that_o in_o law_n and_o
similibus_fw-la ad_fw-la similia_fw-la iudicium_fw-la &_o argumentatio_fw-la recipiuntur_fw-la 4_o beside_o these_o etc._n there_o be_v a_o other_o general_a and_o certain_a rule_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o i_o reserve_v to_o the_o last_o part_n of_o that_o which_o i_o mean_v to_o speak_v in_o this_o matter_n so_o leave_v that_o unto_o a_o more_o proper_a place_n i_o will_v hereupon_o conclude_v that_o if_o there_o be_v no_o former_a judgement_n nor_o example_n nor_o precedent_n to_o be_v find_v then_o concordia_fw-la clericorum_fw-la &_o arbitrium_fw-la judicum_fw-la be_v to_o seek_v out_o the_o true_a and_o solid_a reason_n and_o thereupon_o to_o ground_v their_o judgement_n in_o all_o new_a case_n for_o it_o be_v true_o say_v by_o a_o learned_a gentleman_n of_o the_o low_a house_n deficiente_fw-la lege_fw-la recurrendum_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la deficiente_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la recurrendum_fw-la ad_fw-la rationem_fw-la and_o so_o from_o the_o judge_n we_o shall_v have_v responsa_fw-la prudentum_fw-la to_o decide_v all_o such_o new_a case_n and_o question_n and_o according_a to_o this_o rule_n all_o such_o new_a doubt_n and_o question_n have_v be_v resolve_v and_o decide_v by_o the_o grave_a judge_n in_o former_a time_n but_o here_o law_n before_o i_o proceed_v further_o i_o be_o to_o make_v a_o suit_n which_o be_v this_o that_o whatsoever_o i_o have_v speak_v or_o shall_v happen_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o civil_a law_n or_o whatsoever_o i_o shall_v cite_v out_o of_o any_o writer_n of_o that_o law_n i_o pray_v favour_n my_o master_n that_o profess_v it_o i_o acknowledge_v that_o law_n to_o be_v ancient_a and_o general_a in_o many_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o i_o reverence_v the_o professor_n of_o it_o as_o man_n of_o great_a learning_n wisdom_n and_o judgement_n i_o profess_v it_o not_o i_o have_v learn_v little_a of_o it_o but_o in_o that_o little_a i_o have_v find_v that_o in_o the_o real_a and_o essential_a part_n of_o justice_n the_o civil_a and_o common_a law_n do_v in_o many_o thing_n concur_v though_o they_o differ_v much_o in_o the_o form_n and_o manner_n of_o proceed_v and_o that_o which_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o produce_v of_o that_o law_n will_v be_v to_o show_v how_o the_o common_a law_n and_o civil_a do_v agree_v in_o one_o reason_n and_o judgement_n in_o those_o thing_n which_o i_o shall_v speak_v of_o yet_o i_o must_v take_v liberty_n to_o say_v that_o neither_o in_o spain_n nor_o in_o france_n those_o two_o great_a monarchy_n it_o be_v not_o general_o receive_v nor_o allow_v as_o a_o conclude_a and_o bind_v law_n they_o take_v there_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o only_o as_o a_o direction_n to_o their_o proceed_n &_o judgement_n but_o to_o produce_v or_o allege_v it_o as_o a_o conclude_a or_o bind_v law_n be_v no_o less_o than_o capitis_fw-la poena_fw-la this_o i_o make_v not_o of_o myself_o for_o beside_o common_a practice_n and_o experience_n i_o have_v a_o honest_a and_o substantial_a witness_n master_n adam_n blacwood_n a_o scottishman_n 10_o a_o man_n of_o singular_a learning_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n who_o defend_v in_o like_a manner_n the_o law_n of_o scotland_n as_o appear_v in_o his_o learned_a book_n entitle_v pro_fw-la regibus_fw-la apologia_fw-la write_v by_o he_o against_o a_o seditious_a dialogue_n or_o libel_n make_v by_o george_n buchanan_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la regni_fw-la apud_fw-la scotos_fw-gr where_o he_o tell_v he_o aliud_fw-la sceptrum_fw-la aliud_fw-la plectrum_fw-la but_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o recite_v his_o own_o word_n which_o be_v thus_o philippus_n cognomento_fw-la pulcher_fw-la cum_fw-la lutetiae_n supremae_fw-la iurisdictionis_fw-la curiam_fw-la institueret_fw-la eam_fw-la romano_n jure_fw-la solutam_fw-la esse_fw-la declaravit_fw-la in_o eamque_fw-la sententiam_fw-la vetus_fw-la extat_fw-la eius_fw-la curiae_fw-la decretum_fw-la ne_fw-la causarum_fw-la patroni_fw-la romanarum_fw-la legum_n auctoritatem_fw-la patriae_fw-la legibus_fw-la opponant_fw-la sed_fw-la cum_fw-la illae_fw-la bono_fw-mi &_o aequo_fw-la niti_fw-la videntur_fw-la &_o probabilem_fw-la utilitatis_fw-la publicae_fw-la causam_fw-la continere_fw-la nos_fw-la earum_fw-la utimur_fw-la haud_fw-la imperio_fw-la sed_fw-la ratione_fw-la cui_fw-la omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la naturae_fw-la praescripto_fw-la subijciuntur_fw-la quin_fw-la etsi_fw-la quid_fw-la adversus_fw-la rationem_fw-la legum_fw-la romanarum_fw-la perperà m_fw-la ac_fw-la temerè_fw-la iudicatum_fw-la est_fw-la id_fw-la earum_fw-la multis_fw-la poenis_fw-la haud_fw-la aestimatur_fw-la sed_fw-la vel_fw-la principis_fw-la vel_fw-la superioris_fw-la magistratus_fw-la arbitratu_fw-la nam_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o publici_fw-la muneris_fw-la partem_fw-la admittimur_fw-la &_o conceptis_fw-la verbis_fw-la inauguramur_fw-la solemni_fw-la sacramento_fw-la regiarum_fw-la &_o municipialium_fw-la legum_fw-la atque_fw-la morum_fw-la obseruationem_fw-la nulla_fw-la romani_fw-la iuris_fw-la mentione_n spondemus_fw-la apud_fw-la hispanos_fw-la capitis_fw-la poenam_fw-la ijs_fw-la indictam_fw-la legimus_fw-la qui_fw-la romanarum_fw-la legum_fw-la auctoritatem_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o foro_fw-la laudarent_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o puluere_fw-la scholastico_fw-la profiter_fw-la entur_fw-la sed_fw-la si_fw-la quid_fw-la occurreret_fw-la patrijs_fw-la legibus_fw-la ac_fw-la moribus_fw-la indefinitum_fw-la quod_fw-la iudicanti_fw-la religionem_fw-la adferret_fw-la unicum_fw-la erat_fw-la eximendo_fw-la scrupulo_fw-la regis_fw-la consulendi_fw-la remedium_fw-la alaricus_n tolosae_fw-la regnans_fw-la idem_fw-la gothis_fw-la imperavit_fw-la ut_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la adversus_fw-la ipsius_fw-la leges_fw-la civil_a romanorum_fw-la ius_fw-la citaret_fw-la temerè_fw-la factum_fw-la morte_fw-la lueretur_fw-la now_o to_o return_v to_o that_o which_o i_o have_v touch_v before_o etc._n i_o say_v that_o when_o there_o be_v no_o direct_a law_n nor_o precise_a example_n we_o must_v recurrere_fw-la ad_fw-la rationem_fw-la credo_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la responsa_fw-la prudentum_fw-la for_o although_o quod_fw-la non_fw-la lego_fw-la non_fw-la credo_fw-la may_v be_v a_o true_a and_o certain_a rule_n in_o divinity_n yet_o for_o interpretation_n of_o law_n it_o be_v not_o always_o so_o for_o we_o must_v distinguish_v between_o fidem_fw-la moralem_fw-la and_o fidem_fw-la divinam_fw-la or_o else_o we_o shall_v confound_v many_o thing_n in_o the_o civil_a and_o politic_a government_n of_o kingdom_n and_o state_n for_o the_o first_o precedent_n which_o we_o have_v now_o have_v no_o precedent_n when_o it_o begin_v but_o as_o tacitus_n say_v quae_fw-la nunc_fw-la vetustissima_fw-la creduntur_fw-la nova_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la hodie_fw-la exemplis_fw-la tuemur_fw-la inter_fw-la exempla_fw-la futurum_fw-la est_fw-la and_o to_o those_o that_o hold_v that_o nothing_o be_v to_o be_v do_v but_o by_o former_a example_n horace_n speak_v thus_o o_o imitatores_fw-la seruum_fw-la pecus_fw-la and_o cicero_n say_v non_fw-la exempla_fw-la maiorum_fw-la quaerenda_fw-la sed_fw-la confilium_fw-la est_fw-la eorum_fw-la à _fw-la quibus_fw-la exempla_fw-la nata_fw-la sunt_fw-la explicandum_fw-la thus_o have_v justice_n be_v due_o administer_v in_o england_n and_o thereby_o the_o king_n have_v rule_v the_o people_n have_v be_v govern_v and_o the_o kingdom_n have_v flourish_v for_o many_o hundred_o year_n and_o then_o no_o such_o busy_a questionist_n move_v any_o quarrel_n against_o it_o thus_o have_v all_o doubt_n grow_v upon_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la statute_n and_o charta_fw-la de_fw-fr foresta_n make_v in_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o time_n and_o upon_o the_o statute_n of_o westmin_n 1._o westm._fw-la 2._o westm._fw-la 3._o and_o many_o other_o statute_n make_v in_o ed._n 1._o time_n and_o upon_o praerogativa_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o many_o other_o statute_n make_v in_o ed._n 2._o time_n be_v from_o time_n to_o time_n expound_v and_o so_o of_o late_a time_n the_o statute_n of_o fines_n of_o use_v of_o willes_n and_o many_o more_o thus_o also_o have_v all_o doubt_n and_o case_n law_n whereof_o there_o be_v no_o statute_n or_o positive_a law_n be_v always_o expound_v for_o such_o be_v most_o of_o the_o case_n which_o we_o have_v in_o our_o yeere-booke_n and_o book_n of_o report_n which_o be_v in_o effect_n nothing_o but_o responsa_fw-la prudentum_fw-la as_o justice_n crook_n do_v true_o say_v upon_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v obsolete_a that_o some_o law_n as_o well_o statute_n law_n as_o common_a law_n be_v obsolete_a and_o wear_v out_o of_o use_n for_o all_o humane_a law_n be_v but_o leges_fw-la temporis_fw-la and_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o judge_n find_v they_o to_o be_v unmeete_a for_o the_o time_n they_o live_v in_o although_o very_o good_a and_o necessary_a for_o the_o time_n wherein_o they_o be_v make_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v leges_fw-la humanae_fw-la nascuntur_fw-la vigent_fw-la &_o moriuntur_fw-la &_o habent_fw-la ortum_fw-la statum_fw-la &_o occasum_fw-la by_o this_o rule_n also_o change_v and_o upon_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o oftentimes_o ancient_a law_n be_v change_v by_o interpretation_n of_o the_o judge_n as_o well_o in_o case_n criminal_a as_o civil_a in_o criminal_a case_n the_o law_n be_v voluntas_fw-la reputabitur_fw-la pro_fw-la facto_fw-la but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o now_o save_v in_o treason_n only_o in_o a_o appeal_n of_o maim_v britton_n fol._n 48._o say_v soit_fw-fr le_fw-fr judgement_n que_fw-fr il_fw-fr perde_o autiel_n member_n come_v il_fw-mi aver_v tolle_fw-la
a_o le_fw-mi plaintiff_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o now_o in_o ancient_a time_n one_o present_a aid_v comfort_a and_o assist_v to_o a_o murder_n be_v take_v to_o be_v no_o principal_n but_o a_o accessory_n as_o it_o appear_v m._n 40._o edw._n 3._o fol._n 42._o &_o 40._o li._n ass_n p._n 8._o &_o p._n 25._o but_o now_o in_o that_o case_n he_o be_v judge_v a_o principal_a and_o so_o it_o be_v rule_v by_o all_o the_o justice_n m._n 4._o h._n 7._o 18._o and_o so_o plowden_n affirm_v the_o law_n to_o be_v in_o his_o commentary_n fol._n 99_o &_o 100_o in_o civil_a cause_n in_o ancient_a time_n the_o law_n be_v houlden_v that_o he_o in_o remainder_n in_o tail_n can_v not_o have_v a_o action_n of_o waste_n nor_o be_v receive_v upon_o default_n of_o tenant_n for_o life_n but_o afterward_o the_o law_n be_v often_o judge_v otherwise_o and_o so_o be_v the_o common_a experience_n and_o practice_v at_o this_o day_n in_o anno_fw-la 40._o ed._n 3._o 28._o fynchden_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o common_a place_n sai_z that_o in_o ancient_a time_n the_o vicar_n can_v not_o have_v a_o action_n against_o the_o parson_n but_o he_o say_v the_o contrary_a be_v use_v at_o this_o day_n which_o be_v the_o better_a in_o ancient_a time_n a_o disseisee_n can_v not_o enter_v upon_o the_o feoffee_n of_o the_o disseisor_n for_o save_v of_o the_o warranty_n but_o for_o many_o year_n the_o law_n have_v be_v houlden_v otherwise_o and_o so_o the_o common_a practice_n yet_o remain_v by_o this_o rule_n it_o be_v also_o word_n that_o word_n be_v take_v and_o construe_v sometime_o by_o extension_n sometime_o by_o restriction_n sometime_o by_o implication_n sometime_o a_o disiunctive_a for_o a_o copulative_a a_o copulative_a for_o a_o disiunctive_a the_o present_a tense_n for_o the_o future_a the_o future_a for_o the_o present_a sometime_o by_o equity_n out_o of_o the_o reach_n of_o the_o word_n sometime_o word_n take_v in_o a_o contrary_a sense_n sometime_o figurative_o as_o continens_fw-la pro_fw-la contento_fw-it and_o many_o other_o like_a and_o of_o all_o these_o example_n be_v infinite_a as_o well_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o common_a law_n and_o oftentimes_o the_o reverend_a judge_n have_v have_v a_o grave_a regard_n in_o their_o proceed_n counsel_n that_o before_o they_o will_v resolve_v or_o give_v judgement_n in_o such_o new_a case_n they_o desire_v to_o consult_v with_o the_o king_n privy_a counsel_n as_o appear_v in_o diverse_a case_n in_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o his_o time_n r._n vv._n assault_v adam_n brabson_n in_o presence_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o assize_n at_o winchester_n 1._o for_o which_o a._n b._n complain_v by_o bill_n before_o the_o say_a justice_n allege_v this_o offence_n to_o be_v in_o despite_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o justice_n to_o his_o damage_n of_o a_o hundred_o pound_n r._n vv._n plead_v not_o guilty_a and_o be_v find_v guilty_a and_o damage_n tax_v to_o ten_o pound_n thereupon_o the_o judge_n award_v he_o to_o prison_n in_o the_o sheriff_n keep_v and_o for_o the_o fine_a and_o that_o which_o shall_v be_v further_o do_v for_o the_o king_n for_o the_o assault_n do_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o judge_n they_o will_v have_v the_o advice_n of_o the_o king_n counsel_n 174_o for_o in_o a_o like_a case_n because_o r._n c._n do_v strike_v a_o jurour_n at_o westminster_n which_o pass_v in_o a_o enquest_n against_o one_o of_o his_o friend_n it_o be_v adjudge_v by_o all_o the_o counsel_n that_o his_o right_a hand_n shall_v be_v cut_v off_o and_o his_o land_n and_o good_n forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n these_o be_v the_o word_n in_o the_o book_n in_o this_o case_n i_o note_v three_o thing_n 1._o the_o judge_n consult_v with_o the_o counsel_n 2._o they_o have_v a_o like_a case_n before_o when_o the_o counsel_n be_v also_o consult_v with_o viz._n anno_fw-la 19_o e._n 3._o and_o yet_o they_o will_v not_o proceed_v in_o this_o case_n before_o they_o have_v again_o consult_v with_o the_o counsel_n 3._o that_o before_o anno_fw-la 19_o edw._n 3._o there_o be_v no_o like_a case_n nor_o precedent_n for_o such_o a_o judgement_n and_o therefore_o the_o judge_n will_v not_o of_o themselves_o pronounce_v that_o heavy_a judgement_n before_o they_o have_v confer_v with_o the_o counsel_n touch_v the_o same_o and_o after_o they_o have_v the_o opinion_n and_o advice_n of_o the_o king_n counsel_n they_o proceed_v to_o that_o judgement_n thomas_n vghtred_a knight_n bring_v a_o formedone_a against_o a_o poor_a man_n and_o his_o wife_n 35_o they_o come_v and_o yield_v to_o the_o demaundant_a which_o seem_v suspicious_a to_o the_o court_n whereupon_o they_o examine_v the_o matter_n and_o stay_a judgement_n because_o it_o be_v suspicious_a and_o thorpe_n say_v that_o in_o the_o like_a case_n of_o giles_n blacket_n it_o be_v speak_v of_o in_o parliament_n and_o we_o be_v command_v that_o when_o any_o like_a case_n shall_v come_v we_o shall_v not_o go_v to_o judgement_n without_o good_a advice_n wherefore_o sue_v to_o the_o counsel_n and_o as_o they_o will_v have_v we_o to_o do_v we_o will_v and_o otherwise_o not_o in_o this_o case_n greene_n and_o thorpe_n be_v send_v by_o the_o judge_n to_o the_o king_n counsel_n where_o there_o be_v 24._o bishop_n and_o earl_n to_o demand_v of_o they_o 34_o whether_o by_o the_o statute_n 14._o ed._n 3._o ca._n 6._o a_o word_n may_v be_v amend_v in_o a_o writ_n aswell_o as_o a_o letter_n or_o a_o syllable_n for_o the_o statute_n speak_v but_o of_o a_o letter_n or_o a_o syllable_n &_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o it_o may_v well_o be_v amend_v for_o there_o can_v be_v a_o word_n without_o a_o syllable_n and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o nice_a question_n of_o so_o sage_a man_n thus_o arbitria_fw-la judicum_fw-la and_o responsa_fw-la prudentum_fw-la have_v be_v receive_v allow_v and_o reverence_v in_o all_o time_n as_o positive_a law_n and_o so_o it_o must_v be_v still_o for_o otherwise_o much_o mischief_n and_o great_a inconvenience_n will_v ensue_v for_o new_a case_n happen_v every_o day_n no_o law_n ever_o be_v or_o ever_o can_v be_v make_v that_o can_v provide_v remedy_n for_o all_o future_a case_n or_o comprehend_v all_o circumstance_n of_o humane_a action_n which_o judge_n be_v to_o determine_v therefore_o when_o such_o happen_v and_o complaint_n be_v make_v what_o shall_v judge_n do_v shall_v they_o give_v no_o remedy_n to_o the_o party_n grieve_v shall_v they_o stay_v for_o a_o parliament_n discretion_n interim_n patitur_fw-la iustus_fw-la they_o must_v therefore_o follow_v dictamen_fw-la rationis_fw-la and_o so_o give_v speedy_a justice_n and_o in_o many_o matter_n of_o material_a circumstauce_n they_o must_v guide_v themselves_o by_o discretion_n as_o in_o judge_v upon_o presumption_n to_o discern_v which_o be_v presumptiones_fw-la temerariae_fw-la which_o probabiles_fw-la which_o violentae_fw-la so_o for_o time_n what_o be_v a_o convenient_a time_n and_o what_o not_o so_o for_o waste_n what_o be_v waste_a punishable_a and_o what_o not_o so_o for_o tender_v of_o money_n what_o be_v a_o convenient_a place_n for_o tender_a of_o money_n and_o what_o not_o and_o what_o be_v a_o lawful_a tender_a and_o what_o not_o so_o for_o disparagement_n what_o be_v a_o disparagement_n and_o what_o not_o and_o so_o of_o other_o the_o like_a case_n which_o be_v infinite_a if_o it_o be_v say_v for_o so_o some_o have_v say_v that_o if_o this_o be_v thus_o object_n than_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n be_v uncerten_a uncerten_a and_o so_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n by_o which_o the_o people_n be_v govern_v be_v too_o pliable_a and_o too_o weak_a and_o uncerten_a by_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o may_v be_v say_v respon_n that_o all_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n be_v uncerten_a for_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o most_o universal_a and_o general_a law_n in_o the_o world_n they_o hold_v the_o same_o rule_n and_o order_n in_o all_o case_n which_o be_v out_o of_o the_o direct_a word_n of_o the_o law_n and_o such_o case_n be_v infinite_a for_o as_o i_o say_v new_a case_n spring_v every_o day_n as_o malice_n and_o fraud_n increase_v and_o since_o the_o roman_a impire_n begin_v most_o of_o their_o law_n be_v either_o edicta_fw-la principum_fw-la or_o arbitria_fw-la judicum_fw-la or_o responsa_fw-la prudentum_fw-la and_o in_o their_o judgement_n they_o be_v guide_v by_o arrest_n and_o former_a judgement_n as_o may_v appear_v in_o the_o book_n of_o many_o that_o have_v collect_v such_o arrest_n and_o they_o attribute_v so_o much_o to_o such_o former_a judgement_n that_o as_o prysot_n equal_v they_o to_o a_o positive_a law_n so_o they_o hold_v that_o sententia_fw-la facit_fw-la ius_n &_o res_fw-la iudicata_fw-la pro_fw-la veritate_fw-la accipitur_fw-la &_o legis_fw-la interpretatio_fw-la legis_fw-la vim_o obtinet_fw-la nay_o which_o be_v more_o uncerten_a sometime_o they_o