Namur re-married to Henry IV. Duke of Brabant She died 1238. § IV. Lewis VIII was Crown'd King of France in 1224. having before this been elected and had Fealty solemnly sworn him as King of England by the Nobility of that Kingdom at London An. 1216. But the English upon the death of King John changed their Minds and return'd to their Allegiance to the young King Henry III. Whereupon despising the Natural INCONSTANCY of that Nation he return'd for France Nor was he long to govern that Realm being taken off by an untimely death in the Year 1226. His Queen's Name was Blanche Daughter of Alphonso IX King of Castile by whom he had nine Children whereof five died young The four that out-liv'd him were 1. Lewis IX surnam'd The Saint born April 25. 1215. 2. Robert Earl of Artois which Branch of the Family wither'd in Charles d'Artois Count d'Eu in the Year 1472. 3. Charles Earl of Anjou and Main born 1220 Crown'd King of both the Sicily's in 1266. or 63. and Titular King of Jerusalem ten Years after His Posterity reign'd in the Kingdom of Naples 'till 1435. in Hungary 'till 1325. and in Poland 'till 1400. 4. Alphonso married indeed yet deceased without Issue As for Queen Isabella their Mother she ended her Life in a Cloyster where she retired after the King her Husband's death Lewis IX was Crown'd King of France in the Year 1226. and very much improv'd the Demesnes of the Crown He took upon him the Croisade and made an Expedition to the Holy Land in which War he was taken Prisoner by the Sarazens after the City of Damieta had surrender'd to him But being ransom'd by his Subjects return'd home After this he ventur'd on a second Expedition but died of the Plague at the Siege of Tunis An. 1270. His Queen was margaret Daughter of Reimund Berengarius Earl of Provence who departed this life 1285. having born him this following Issue 1. Isabella born 1241. married to Theobald II. King of Navarr deceased 1275. 2. Lewis who took to Wife Berengaria Daughter of Alphonso X. King of Castile yet died without Issue 1275. 3. Philip III. surnam'd the Bold born 1245. of whom in the next Section 4. John Earl of Nevers and Valois deceased without Issue 1270. 5. Blanche married to Ferdinand Prince of Castile deceased 1320. 6. Peter Count d'Alençon and Chartres deceased Issueless 1283. 7. Robert V. Count de Clermont and Lord of Bourbon of whom more beneath in the Line of Bourbon Sect. XII as Ancestor in a direct Line of the present French King § V. Philip III. surnam'd the Bold was Crown'd King of France in 1271. A Prince very deficient in most of chose Vertues that should adorn a King given to drink and easily led by those that were about him Surnam'd The Bold not from any true Courage that was eminent in him but because in that fostness of Mind he would yet brutishly expose himself to the greatest Dangers in time of Action His first Queen was Isabella Daughter of James I. King of Arragon who died in 1271. after which he married Mary Daughter to Henry III. Duke of Brabant and departed this Life 1285. The Issue that survived were 1. Philip IV. surnam'd The Fair born 1268. 2. Charles Earl of Valois Anjou c. of whom in the next Section as Author and Propagator of the Line of Valois 3. Lewis Count d'Eureux whose Posterity became extinct in Charles III. King of Navarr An. 1416. 4. Margaret married to Edward I. King of England in 1300. or 1. And 5. Blanche to Rudolph of Austria in the same Year She died 1305. Of these Philip the Fair succeeded his Father and was Crown'd King of France in the Year 1286. He join'd the Kingdom of Navarr to that of France which Kingdom was brought him in Marriage by his Wife Joan together with the County of Aquitain and Territory of Brigen He had a sharp War with the Flemings by whom his Forces were utterly defeated at the famous Battel of Courtray He had also several Contests with the Pope to whom he return'd the famous Answer of Sciat tua Magna Fatuitas Nos in Temporalibus nemini subesse upon his Holiness's pretending to command and direct him in some secular Affairs Moreover the Order of Knights Templars was first abolish'd by his Example and Interest throughout Christendom in the Year 1311. or 7. His Issue necessary to be here mention'd were 1. Lewis X. surnam'd Hutin King of France and Navarr born 1280. Crown'd 1315 or 14. deceased and that without Issue Male 1316. 2. Philip V. surnam'd The Long King of France and Navarr born 1292. Crown'd 1317. or 6. deceased likewise without Issue Male 1321. or 2. 3. Charles IV. surnam'd The Fair King of France and Navarr who had the same fate with his Brethren for he died in 1327 8. leaving his Wife with Child which likewise prov'd a Daughter 4. Isabella married at twelve Years old to Edward II. King of England Jan. 28. 1307. O. S. deceased 1375. Of the Line of Valois § VI. WE now return to Charles Count de Valois d'Anjou du Main d'Alençon and du Perche second Son to Philip the Bold He was thrice married his first Wife being Margaret Daughter of Charles II. King of Sicily His second Catharine de Courtney Daughter of the Emperour of Constantinople And his third Maud Daughter of Guy de Châtillon Count de St. Paul who died 1358. By these he had Issue as followeth 1. Isabella married to John III. Duke of Bretagne deceased 1309. 2. Joan the Wife of William the Good Earl of Haynault Holland and Zealand She died in the Year 1400. 3. Philip VI. of whom in the next Section 4. Charles Count d'Alençon and de Chartres whose Posterity became extinct in Charles Duke d'Alençon in the Year 1512. 5. Margarct married to Guy de Châtillon Earl of Blois 6. Catharine to Charles of Sicily Earl of Tarento 7. Joan to Robert of Artois Earl of Beaumont She died 1363. 8. Lewis Earl of Chartres deceased without Issue An. 1328. 9. Isabella Lady Abbess of Fonteverard 10. Mary married to Charles of Sicily Duke of Calabria 11. Another Isabel married to Peter I. Duke of Bourbon And 12. Blanche to the Emperour Charles IV. She died 1345. § VII Wherefore after the decease of the three Brethren Lewis Hutin Philip the Long and Charles the Fair without Issue Male the Government was setled on Philip de Valois their Cousin-Germain notwithstanding the Claim of Edward III. King of England Son to Isabel eldest Sister of the three last Kings whose Pretensions as the French said were cut off by the Salique Law Nevertheless it was soon after the occasion of a bloody War 'twixt him and King Philip Whose two Wives were Joan Daughter of Robert II. Duke of Burgundy deceased 1348. and Blanche Daughter of Philip King of Navarr who died 1398. By theâ—â— he had Issue 1. John I. surnam'd The Good 2. Philip Duke of Orleans deceased without
Issue 3. Mary married to John of Brabant Duke of Limburg She died 1333. 4. Joan a posthumous Daughter betrothed to John of Arragon Duke of Gironda or Girona but died before the Marriage cou'd be consummated An. 1371. Of these John succeeded to the Throne and was Crown'd in 1350. This Prince continu'd the War with the English but with no better success than his Father had done for he was defeated and taken Prisoner by them at the Battel of Poictiers Sept. 19. 1356. O.S. Being again set at liberty he departed this Life in 1361 4. aged fifty six His two Queens were Bona Daughter of the King of Bohemia And Joan of William Earl of Clermont By the first Venture this following Issue liv'd to be Men and Women 1. Charles V. surnam'd The Wise born Jan. 21. 1337. of whom in the next Section 2. Lewis Duke of Anjou and Touraine Crown'd King of Sicily on this side the Pharus or Watch-Tower in 1382. whose Posterity fail'd in Nicholas Duke of Calabria An. 1473. 3. Philip Duke of Burgundy born 1341. whose Posterity ended in Mary last Heiress of that Dutchy An. 1483. 4. Joan married to Charles III. King of Navarre deceased 1373. 5. Isabella to John Galeazzo Duke of Milan in 1360. And 6. John Duke of Berry he deceased without Issue 1416. 7. Margaret profess'd a Nun. § VIII Charles V. surnam'd The Wise was Crown'd King of France May 19. 1364. He was the first who in his Father's Life time was styled The Dauphin He restored the Commonwealth of France and repressed the Violence of its Enemies which he brought to pass more by Counsel and Delays than force of Arms. He also put forth a Sanction whereby the eldest Sons of France were for the future declar'd of Age at Fourteen Years old and fit to be Crown'd and Govern His Queen's Name was Joan Daughter of Peter I. Duke of Bourbon by whom he had Issue that out-liv'd him 1. Charles VI. born 1368. his Successor 2. Lewis Duke of Orleans Count de Valois d'Angouleme c. born 1371. of whom in Sect. X. And 3. Catharine married to John de Berry Count de Montpensier She died 1387. As to what relates to Charles VI. he was Crown'd King of France Nov. 4. 1380. 'T was this Prince that reduc'd the Lilies in his Coat of Arms to Three which the Kings of France his Ancestors bore without any determinate number and at each side added a Stag for Supporters In his Reign the Affairs of France were brought to the lowest ebb especially after the Battel of Agin-Court in Picardy with the English in which four Princes of the Blood with all the Flower of the French Nobility were lost This great Blow was given Octob. 24. 1415. After which he would have excluded the Dauphin and transferr'd the Kingdom to the English This unfortunate Prince departed this Life 1422. having been long distracted His Children by Isabella Daughter of Stephen Duke of Bavaria were in number twelve whereof six died young The rest were 1. Isabella married about the age of seven or eight Octob. 28. 1396. O. S. to Richard II. King of England and after his decease to Charles Duke of Orleans An. 1402. She died 1409. 2. Charles VII born Jan. 21. 1402. his Father's Successor 3. Mary she was profess'd a Nun and died 1438. 4. Joan married to John VI. Duke of Bretagne deceased 1432. 5. Michaele born 1394. married to Philip the Good Duke of Burgundy deceased 1422. 6. Catharine born Octob. 27. 1400. married to Henry V. King of England Feb. 24. 1420. And after his decease to Owen ap Meridith ap Tudor a Welsh Gentleman but descended of the ancient British Kings Grandfather of King Henry VII She died Jan. 3. 1437. § IX Charles VII surnam'd The Victorious from the Victory he obtain'd over the English at the Battel of Orleans under the Conduct of the famous Joan de Arcquis freed France from the many Miseries it had so long groan'd under and re-establish'd the Polity of that Kingdom He likewise put forth a Sanction whereby he very much curbed the pretended Jurisdiction of the Popes of Rome Yet was this otherwise happy Prince so plagu'd by his own Son the Dauphin that by reason thereof he pined himself away and died of Grief An. 1461. The Sharer of his Bed and Fortunes was Mary of Anjou Daughter of Lewis II. King of Sicily by whom he had Issue as followeth 1. Lewis XI of whom we shall soon treat 2. Charles Duke of Berry born 1446. deceased 1472. 3. Joland married to Amadeus the eighth Duke of Savoy deceased 1478. 4. Radegunda to Sigismund Duke of Austria She died 14 5. Catharine to Charles Duke of Burgundy She died 14 6. Joan to John II. Duke of Bourbon deceased 1482. And 7. Magdalen promised to Uladislaus King of Hungary but married to Gaston Fuxius Prince of Vienna deceased 1486. We now return to Lewis XI born 1423. and Crown'd 1461. a Prince excellently skill'd in the Art of Government 'T was he that instituted the Order of the Knights of St. Michael in the Year 1469. His Motto was Qui nescit simulare nescit imperare He kept his Designs so very close that the Grand Mareschal of Normandy told him one day in raillery Il faut que vôtre haquenée soit bien fort puisque ille peut bien vos porter vous tout vôtre Conseil That his Mule must needs be very strong since it cou'd so easily carry him and all his Counsel For the rest of his Character He was an undutiful Son a severe Father and a disloyal Husband implacable in his Nature insomuch as he was never known to be reconciled to any he had once fallen out with Nor had he any other esteem for Religion but as it serv'd his Interest He departed this Life Aug. 30. 1483 4. having had two Wives viz. Margaret Daughter of James I. King of Scotland and Charlotte Daughter of Lewis Duke of Savoy and by them a Son and two Daughters viz. 1. Anne married to Peter Duke of Bourbon 1473. deceased 1522. 2. Joan Dutchess of Berry born 1464. and married to Lewis Duke of Orleans afterwards King by whom she was divorced and died 1504. 3. Charles VIII born 1470. and Crown'd 1484. A little Man of no bad Disposition yet slow of Parts and altogether ignorant of Arts and Letters Contracted at scarce six Years old to Elizabeth Daughter of Edward IV. King of England which Contract being afterwards broke he was betrothed to Margaret Daughter to the Emperour Maximilian who was accordingly sent into France to have her Education there that she might the better be accustomed to the Manners of that Nation Nevertheless she was sent home again by her Spouse when he came to be his own Master and he married or rather ravish'd Anne Daughter and sole Heiress of the Duke of Bretagne already married by Proxy to his design'd Father-in-Law Maximilian the Emperour but had no Issue by her that survived him He came to
1615. he married Anna Maria Mauritia Daughter of Philip III. King of Spain whom he had betrothed in 1611. And by her left Issue 1. LEWIS XIV surnamed The Great the present King of France born Aug. 26. O.S. 1638. of whom below And 2. Philip Duke of Orleans Sept. 21. N.S. 1640. whose first Dutchess the Princess Henrietta Maria Stuart Daughter of Charles I. King of England departed this Life in June 1670. And he the next Year married Charlâ—tte Elizabeth Daughter of Charles Lewis Elector Palatine By the first Venture he had 1. Mary Aloisia or Louise born March 27. 1662. married Novemb. 17. 1679. to Charles II. King of Spain deceased without Issue by him 1689. 2. Philip deceased an Infant 3. Another Daughter not named 1665. 4. Anne Mary born Aug. 27. 1669. and most happily married April 9. to Victor Amadeus II. Duke of Savoy He has also a Son and a Daughter by the present Dutchess namely 1. Philip Duke of Chartres born Aug. 2. 1674. And 2. Elizabeth Charlotte Madamoiselle de Chartres born Sept. 13. 1676. As for Lewis the Great the present King he succeed his Father in 1643. and was Crown'd by the Archbishop of Rheims June 7. 1654. of whose Actions I shall say little here since the Eyes of the whole World are upon ' em His Queen was Maria Theresia Daughter of Philip IV. King of Spain who died July 30. 1683. by whom he has only a Son now living namely Lewis XV. surnamed The Hardy the present Dauphin born Nov. 1. 1661. In 1680. he married Maria Anna Christina Daughter of Ferdinand Maria late Elector of Bavaria by whom he has had three Sons whose Names are 1. Lewis Duke of Burgundy born Aug. 6. 1682. 2. Philip Duke of Anjou born Novemb. 19. 1683. And 3. Gaston Duke of Berry born Aug. 31. 1686. But besides the Dauphin the present French King has several Natural Children as namely Mary Anne de Bourbon born 1666. and married in 1680. to Lewis of Bourbon Prince de Conti And Lewis de Bourbon born 1667. Supreme Intendant of the Marine These two were born him by Aloisia Frances de la Beaume la Blanche de la Valiere Dutchess de Vaujour and Peeress of France Daughter of Laurence de la Valiere now a Carmelite Nun by the Name of Sister Aloisia de Misericordia or of Mercy As likewise Lewis Augustus de Bourbon Duke of Main born 1670. and made legitimate three Years after Lewis Caesar de Bourbon Count de Vexin born 1672. deceased 1683. Aloisia Frances de Bourbon Madamoiselle de Nantes born 1673. and married in 1685. to Lewis Duke of Bourbon Aloisia Mary Anne deceased 1681. Lewis Alexander de Bourbon Count de Toulouse born 1678. made Legitimate 1681. Intendant likewise of the Marine And Frances Mary de Bourbon Madamoiselle de Rlois born 1681. Which Six were born him by Frances Athanasia de Rochechouart Gabriel Prince de Mortemar's Daughter and Wife of Henry de Lewis Paidaillan Marquess of Montespan § XVI It remains we now return to Lewis Prince de Conde youngest Son of Charles Duke of Vendôme born 1530. whom we mentioned in the latter end of Sect. XIII Numb 9. He was slain at the bloody Battel of Jarnac 1569. by one Montesque a Captain under the Duke of Anjou notwithstanding he offer'd 100000 Crowns for his Ransom The Issue that survived him were 1. Henry Prince of Conde born 1552. 2. Francis Prince of Conti born 1558. who had only Natural Issue though twice married 3. Charles Archbishop of Roan and Cardinal deceased 1594. 4. Charles Count de Soissons Peer and Grand Master of France born 1566. deceased 1614. leaving Issue 1. Aloisia married to Henry Duke of Longueville deceased 1637. 2. Lewis born 1604. deceased 1641. And 3. Mary born 1606. and married to Thomas of Savoy Prince of Carignan Henry the eldest Brother was a Prince of great Courage and hath his Life finely written by Thuanus in his History Lib. 90. His first Princess was Mary of Cleve Daughter of Francis Duke of Nevers But she dying in 1574. he afterwards married Charlotte Catharine de Tremolle Daughter of Lewis Duke of Thovars and departed this Life 1588. leaving Issue by the last Lady as followeth namely 1. Eleanora born 1587. married in 1606. to Philip William of Nassau Prince of Orange deceased 1619. And 2. Henry II. Prince of Conde born after his Father's decease Sept. 1. 1588. His Princess was Charlotte Margaret Daughter of Henry II. Duke of Montmorency who bore him 1. Anne married in 1642. to Henry Duke of Longueville deceased 1679. 2. Lewis II. Prince of Conde And 3. Armand Prince of Conti of which two apart And first for Lewis He was born in 1621. and justly to be ranked among the greatest Hero's of the Age. He took to Wife Clara Clementia Daughter of Urban Marquess of Breze and departed this Life 1685. to the great Grief of all good Men. His only Son Henry Julius de Bourbon is now living born July 29. 1643. formerly styled Duke d'Enghien but now since his Father's death Prince of Conde His Princess is Anne Daughter of Edward Prince Palatine of the Rhine who has born him this following Issue now living 1. Mary Theresia Madamoiselle de Bourbon born 1666. 2. Lewis Duke of Bourbon born 1668. and married 1685. to Aloisia Frances Natural Daughter of the present French King 3. Mary Anne Madamoiselle de Montmorency born 1675. 4. Anne Mary Victoria Madamoiselle d'Enghien born 1676. And 5. Aloisia Benedicta Madamoiselle de Conde born 1678. As for Armand Prince de Conti the other Brother he was born 1629. married to Anne Mary of Montmorency Cardinal Mazarine's Neice by the Sister 1654. deceased 1666. leaving two Sons 1. Lewis de Bourbon Prince of Conti born 1661. In 1680. he took to Wife Mary Anne de Bourbon the King 's Natural Daughter made legitimate yet died without Issue in 1685. And 2. Francis Lewis de Bourbon the now Prince of Conti born 1668. Of the Augmentation of the House of France § XVII IN the Year 861. Robert Earl of Orleans was created Duke and Marquess of the Franks by Charles the Bald King of France to whose Son Eudo the County of Paris was likewise added by Charles the Gross King of France After this Hugh Capet came to be King An. 987. whose Brother Otho having married Leutgarde Daughter and Heiress to the last Duke of Burgundy in her Right possessed himself of that Dutchy Philip II. having defeated John sans Terre King of England brought Normandy Bretagne Anjou Touraine Poictou and Clermont with part of Aquitain under his Obedience and incorporated the same with the Crown Charles Duke of Anjou was Crown'd King of both the Sicily's An. 1266. He likewise became possessed of Provence in Right of his Wife as also of a Title to the Kingdom of Jerusalem by the Donation of Mary Princess of Antioch Charles Martel his Grandson was Crown'd King of Hungary in 1290. in right of his Mother
ended the Government of the Danes in England To him succeeded his Brother by the Mother's side Edward surnamed The Confessor the Son of Ethelred by Emma the Mother of Hardicanute as before He had been preserv'd from Canute by Richard II. Duke of Normandy his Uncle and upon the death of Hardicanute was recall'd from Normandy and Crown'd King in the Year 1042 and Fortieth of his Age. He first brought into the Royal Family the Gift of curing The King 's Evil Reigned Twenty four Years and died without Issue 1065. Upon this Harold II. Son of Earl Godwin by Guitha Sifter of Swaine King of Denmark by the assistance of Edwin and Morcar Earls of York and Chester was preferred to the Crown but enjoy'd it not long for he was slain in Battel Octob. 14. 1066. by § II. William I. Duke of Normandy surnamed The Conquerour first of the Normans that was King of England Natural Son of Robert II. Duke of Normandy by Arletta an obscure Woman who under pretence that Edward the Confessor had by his last Will and Testament transferred the Kingdom to him made a Descent into England and having slain Harold as before was by the unanimous Consent of the Peerage of England Crown'd King 1067. He had a sharp War with Philip I. King of France and after Twenty one Years Reign died at Roan in Normandy Septemb. 9. 1087. He had to Wife Maud Daughter of Baldwin V. Earl of Flanders by whom he had six Daughters and four Sons 1. Cecilie Abbess of Caen in Normandy 2. Constance married to the Earl of Britain 3. Adela to Stephen Earl of Blois Father of King Stephen of whom in his turn 4. Gundred to William Warren first Earl of Surry 5. Ela both died young 6. Margaret both died young His Sons were 1. Robert to whom he bequeathed the Dutchy of Normandy 2. Richard kill'd by a Stagg in New Forest in his Father's Life-time 3. William surnamed Rufus who succeeded his Father in the Kingdom 4. Henry I. surnamed Beauclerk to whom he left his Treasure and a yearly Pension of whom more in the next Section II. William II. born in Normandy 1057. his Brother Robert being in Normandy at the time of his Father's death what by pretext of his Father's Will and the contrivance of Lanfranc Archbishop of Canterbury was Crown'd Octob. 5. following He had War with the Scots brought Wales under his Obedience but what with that and to secure his Possession against the Claim and Arms of his elder Brother Robert he was necessitated to many a dishonourable Shift whereby to get Money and at last strook dead with an Arrow shot by Sir Walter Tyrel a Norman his Bow-Bearer as they were Hunting in New Forest but whether by accident or otherwise is uncertain Aug. 2. 1100. being the Eleventh Year of his Reign and Forty third of his Age but never married III. Henry I. youngest Son of the Conqueror born in England 1070. his eldest Brother Robert still living but in favour of Henry given out to be chosen King of Jerusalem succeeded his Brother William and was Crown'd in four Days after his death He had long Wars with his Brother Robert upon his return from the Holy War 'till at last having taken him Prisoner he put out his Eyes and threw him in Prison where he died but left no Issue He call'd the first Parliament after the Conquest at Salisbury in 1115. and died of a Surfeit in Normandy Decemb. 2. 1136. in the Sixty seventh Year of his Age and Thirty fifth of his Reign His first Wife was Matilda or Maud Daughter of Malcolm III. King of Scotland by Margaret the Sister of Edgar Atheling right Heir of Edward the Confessor as being descended from Edmond Ironside of whom before by which means the Saxon Line was restor'd in her Issue 1. William born 1102. he married Matilda or Maud Daughter of Foulk Earl of Anjon who with several others were cast away Nov. 26. 1119. 2. Maud the only legitimate Issue that surviv'd him born 1104. she was first married to the Emper our Henry IV. 1110. and after his death to Jeoffry Plantaganet Earl of Anjou 1124. so called from a Sprig of Broom which he wore in his Cap or Bonnet by whom she had King Henry II. His second Wife was Adeliza Daughter of Jeoffry Duke of Lorrain by whom he had no Issue He had seven Natural Sons 1. Robert Earl of Gloucester a Person of great Direction and indefatigable Industry as appear'd by the valiant Assistance he gave his said Sister Maud against King Stephen 2. Richard drown'd with his Brother William 1117. 3. Reinald Earl of Cornwal and Baron of Castle-Combe Nor is there any particular mention of the other Four And as many Natural Daughters Of whom it is only said they were all of them honourably bestowed in Marriage § III. William only Son of Henry I. being lost as before and himself not having Issue by his second Wife he now began to think of setling the Succession and to that purpose call'd another Paaliament 1133. in which all the Lords of the Land took an Oath to be true to his Daughter Maud the Empress and her Heirs and acknowledge them as right Inheritors of the Crown And amongst them IV. Stephen born 1107. Earl of Belogne and Montague Son of Stephen Earl of Blois by Adela third Daughter of the Conquerour was one yet by the working of Henry his Brother Bishop of Winchester the Pope's Legate a Man acceptable to the Nobility at that time altogether govern'd by the Clergy he was set up to the Crown against the undoubted Right of the said Empress and Crown'd on St. Stephen's Day 1135. His first War was with the Scots but during most of his Reign under various Fortune with the said Empress 'till his Children being dead he secur'd the Succession to her Son Henry He died Octob. 25. 1154. in the Forty ninth Year of his Age and Nineteenth of his Reign and had to Wife Maud Daughter and Heir of Eustace Earl of Bologne by whom he had 1. Eustace who died in the Eighteenth Year of his Age. 2. William who died younger His Natural Issue 1. William Earl of Norfolk 2. Gervais Abbot of Westminster who died 1160. V. § IV. To him succeeded Henry II. surnamed Fitz Empress first of the Line of Plantagenet born at Mentz in Normandy 1131. Crown'd King Decemb. 7. 1155. He sought to abate the Power of the Clergy the Effects of which he had felt in the Exclusion of his Mother and advancement of King Stephen but it wrought him great Troubles particularly with Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury touching the Exemption of Clerks from the Secular Power and the Consequence of it stuck to his Family for Sixty Years after He Crown'd his Son Henry King June 14. 1170. in the Seventeenth Year of his Age Sent Strongbow Earl of Chcapstow into Ireland in the same Year who planted the first Colony of English in Wexford went over thither in 1172. Conquer'd
Provence by whom he had two Daughters and six Sons His Daughters 1. Margaret married to Alexander III. King of Scots 2. Beatrice to John I. Duke of Bretain Of his Sons two only surviv'd him 1. Edward I. who succeeded his Father 2. Edmond surnamed Crouch back Earl of Lancaster Father of Thomas who had Issue Henry Earl of Lancaster whose Daughter Blanche was married to John of Gaune fourth Son of King Edward III. of whom more hereafter IX § V. Edward I. born 1240. surnamed Longshanks had under taken the Cross and was in the Holy Land when his Father died However he is proclaim'd King and Fealty sworn to him tho' it were not known whether he were living or dead Upon his return he was Crown'd Aug. 15. 1274. He had found by Experience the Ecclesiastical Power too strong for the Soveraignty whenever they combin'd with the Lay-Nobility and therefore retrench'd them of their Privileges whilst he was in the Opinion and Estimation of the World and in 1275. got the Statute of Mortmain to be enacted whereby to hinder the encrease of their Temporal Possessions and not long after clipp'd the Jurisdiction of Ecclesiastical Judges He slew Leoline the last of the Welsh Princes in Battel and united Wales to the Crown of England 1283. He banish'd the Jews and vacated all their Sureties 1293. He was made Umpire between John Baliol and Robert Bruce for the Crown of Scotland and determined for Baliol who did him Homage 1294. which he afterwards renounc'd but upon the King's entry into Scotland submits and is sent Prisoner into England However the Scots being gotten together under Wallace their Head the King pursued his Enterprize gave them a total Rout at a place call'd Fenkirk and having abolish'd their ancient Laws return'd and brought all their Records and other Evidences of Antiquity with him 1299. On this Robert Bruce Son of Robert the Competitor gets into Scotland where he is received and Crown'd 1306. Is defeated by the Earl of Pembroke 1307. Bruce recovers new Forces the King re-enters Scotland and dies of a Flux July 7. the same Year being the Sixty eighth of his Age and Thirty fifth of his Reign His first Wife was Eleanor Daughter of Ferdinand III. King of Castile by whom he had nine Daughters 1. Eleanor married to John Earl of Bar. 2. Joan to Gilbert Earl of Gloucester 3. Margaret to John Duke of Brabant 4. Mary a Nun of Amsbury 5. Elizabeth to John Earl of Holland and after him to Humphrey Bohun Earl of Hereford The rest died young Of his Four Sons Only Edward surviv'd him and was the first Prince of Wales His second Wife was Margaret eldest Daughter of Philip the Bold King of France by whom he had two Sons 1. Thomas of Brotherton Lord Marshal of England and Earl of Norfolk 2. Edmond Earl of Kent beheaded 1328. for endeavouring the Restauration of his deposed Brother King Edward II. X. Edward II. born at Carnarvan 1285. created Prince of Wales March 15. 1304. Crowned Feb. 24. 1307. In 1308. he caused all the Knights Templars throughout England and Ireland to be apprehended and their Order to be dissolv'd as afterwards were the Knights of Rhodes by King Henry VIII 1540. and theiâ— Lands and Possessions seiz'd He seems to have come in with much Expectation but soon lost it by means of a Favourite of his Pierce Gaveston banish'd by his Father but re call'd by him and made Earl of Cornwal Lord of Man and High Chamberlain which so incensed the Nobility that the King is forc'd to banish him more than once but as often re-calling him They take Arms under Thomas Earl of Lancaster their Leader Son of Edmond second Son of King Henry III. whom the Mobb call'd King Arthur and having taken him at Scarborough Castle strike off his Head 1312. During this Disorder at home Bruce was become powerful in Scotland the King enters upon him with a vast Army and is totally routed by him at a place call'd Bannock-Bourn 1314. This and his making Hugh Spencer Earl of Gloucester Son of Hugh Spencer Earl of Winchester Successor in the Office and Favour of the said Gaveston so heightned the former Discontent which was in a manner allay'd that both sides arm anew But the King gets the better takes the Earl of Lancaster and beheads him before his own Castle of Pomfret 1322. Yet this lasted not long for having sent the Queen and his Son the Prince into France instead of accommodating Matters she contracts her Son to Philippa Daughter of William III. Earl of Hainault by whose and the Earl of Holland's assistance she returns with an Army and with her the Prince and Roger Mortimer Lord of Wigmore lately escaped out of the Tower of London but afterwards made Earl of the Marches of Wales by King Edward III. And having taken Bristol with Hugh Spencer the Father in it she caused him to be hanged and quartered without Trial 1326. The King Spencer the Son and others had put to Sea for Ireland but were beaten upon the Coast of Wales where they lay hid for a while in the Abbey of Neth but being discovered Spencer had the same fate with his Father The King was imprison'd and a Parliament call'd to meet at London where upon several Articles exhibited against him it is agreed to depose him as unfit to Govern and elect the Prince his Son Upon which he voluntarily resign'd his Crown to him 1327. in the Nineteenth Year of his Reign About eight Months after which he was most barbarously murdered in Berkley Castle in the â—â—â—â—ty third Year of his Age. His Wife was 〈◊〉 Laughter of Philip the Fair by whom â—he had 1. Joan married to David Prince of Scotland 2. Eleanor to the Dake of Gelders And two Sons 1. Edward born at Windsor 1313. set up to the Crown his Father yet living 2. John of Eltham created Earl of Cornwal 1315. and died in the flower of his Youth in Scotland XI Upon the Resignation of Edward II. his Son Edward III. of the Age of Fourteen Years began his Reign Jan. 20. 1327 and was Crown'd the 25th following The Queen seems heavy at it but being pacified by aâ— Augmentation of Joynture the management of Assairs is committed to five Bishops and seven Temporal Lords 'till the King were or Years to Govern but the Queen and Mortimer act all The Scots enter England and are suffer'd to escape and in 1328. a dishonest rable Peace is made with them To confirm which Joan the King's Sister is married to David Pruce Prince of Scotland and amongst other things the Ragman Roll and Black-Crosâ— of Scotland are given back to them and the King by the working of the Queen and Mâ—â—timer surrenders his Title to the Soveraignty of Scotland and all Evidences relating thereunto For which Mortimer is impeach'd is Parliament and hang'd at Tyburn Nor laster the Peace long for Edward Baliol Son of the aforesaid John Baliol sets up for that Crown and by
King Edward's Assistance recovers it and does him Homage and swears Fealty for it 1333. And now there happening some disgust between him and Philip de Valois King of France he bethinks himself of his Title to thâ— Crown in right of Isabel his Mother 〈◊〉 which the Banishment of Robert de Artois by King Philip his Brother who fled for safety to him gave him a fair Opportunity Nor was he wanting to it for he not only receiv'd him joyâ—ully but made him Earl of Richmend and of his Council 1336. which he liv'd not long to enjoy for after six years serving him in France he was wounded at the Siege of Vanner and brought to England where he died 1342. The Year following he instituted the Order of the Garter and created his eldest Son Edward Prince of Wales In July 1346. he enters Normandy with a mighty Army and takes the Prince with him who not full Sixteen fought the Battel of Cressy in Picardy on St. Bartholomew's Day the same Year and obtain'd so great a Victory that Callice was forthwith besieg'd and surrender'd Aug. 3. 1347. On which the King took the Title and Arms of France and return'd for England where the Prince Electors signifie to him That they had chosen him King of the Romans which he refused In the Year 1356. the Prince goes over again fights the Battel of Poictiers in Poictou and takes John the French King Prisoner Septemb 19. the same Year Returns for England brings the said King with him whence he was not deliver'd 'till 1360. at what time an Accord had been made on his behalf at Britigny near Chartres During this Cessation with France the Prince of Wales accompanied with his Brother John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster relieves Peter King of Castile and Leon expuls'd by his Bastard-Brother Henry and restor'd him 1367. But little of the Accord with France being perform'd the King upon his return sends the Prince into Acquitain and in a short time the said Duke John and his younger Brother Edmond Earl of Cambridge to aid him to whom his Health failing him he left the profecution of the War and return'd himself 1371. Nor did his Brother John much after him save that coming for England he by reason of the Prince's sickness wholly manag'd his aged Father which being taken notice of by some of the Prince's Friends he is banâ—â—â—'d the Court Not long after which the Prince died 1375 being the Forty ninth of his Father's Reign and Forty sixth of his Age. His Wise was Joan Daughter of Edmond Earl of Kent his Father's Brother by whom he had 1. Edward born at Angoulesm and died young 2. Richard born at Bourdeaux who succeeded his Grandfather As also two Natural Sons 1. Sir John Sounder 2. Sir Reger Clarendon put to death by Henry IV. for endeavouring the Restauration of his said Brother Richard 1402. And now after the Prince's death the Duke of Lancaster came in play again and openly favour'd John Wickliffe to the great disturbance of the State and therefore lest he might do by Richard of Bâ—urdeaux as Earl John had done by his Nephew Arthur the King providently setled the Succession in Parliament upon the said Richard creating him first Earl of Cheste and Câ—rnwal and then Prince of Wales and died June 21. 1377. in the Sixty fourth Year of his Age and Fiftieth of his Reign He had to Wise Philippa of Haynault who bore him Have Daughters 1. Isabel married to Ingelram Lord of Coueâ— Earl of Sâ—â—â—â—â—ns and Bedford afterwards Archduke of Austria 2. Joan to Alphonso II. of Castile by Proxy but die before it was consummated 3. Mary to John Menserd Duke of Bretagne 4. Margaret to John Hastings Earl of Pembrâ—â—â— but died without Issae 5. Also another Daughter Blanch who died young And seven Sons 1. Edward surnamed The Black Prince of whom before 2. William surnamed Of Hatfield the Place of his Birth He died young 3. Lionel born at Antwerp 1338. made Earl of Ulster in Ireland in right of his Wise Elizabeth Daughter of William Burgh Earl of Ulster with whom also he had the Honour of Clare in the County of Thoumond in that Kingdom and thence created Dake of Clarence She brought him one Daughter only Philippa married to Edmond Mortimer Eail of March Mother of Reger Earl of March Father of Anne Countess of Cambridge Grandmother of King Edward IV. 4 John surnamed Of Gaunt where he was hom 1342. Created Duke of Lancaster 1352. He had three Wives 1. Blanch Daughter and Heir of Henry Earl of Lancaster Son of Edmond Crouch back youngest Son of King Henry III. as before by whom he had Henry of Bullenbrook Earl of Derby who usurp'd upon Richard II. and was the first of the Lancastrian Kings His second Wise was Constance eldest Daughter of Peter King of Castile and Leon in whose Right he bore the same Title and had by her Catharine whose Posterity became Kings of Spain in her Right His third Wife was Catharine Widow of Sir Hugh Swinford an English Knight eldest Daughter and Co heir of Pain Red Guien King at Arms her younger Sifter married Sir Jeoffry Chaucer the English Laureat He had by her before Marriage several Children surnamed De Beaufort from a Castle of his in France of that Name where they were born In regard of which they gave a Portcullis for their Cognisance and were all of them legitimated in Parliament 1397. with this Clause nevertheless Excepting the Reg Dignity As 1. John first Knighted and afterwards created Earl of Somerset 1398. 2. Henry afterwards Bishop of Winchester Cardinal of St. Eusebius and Chancellor of England 3. Thomas first created Earl of Dorset 1398. and afterwards Duke of Exeter 1414. 4. And one Daughter Joan first married to Ralph Nevil Baron of Wemm created afterwards the first Earl of West mâ—rland And after him to Robert Ferrers Lord of Owseley 5. Edmond of Langley born 1342. created Earl of Cambridge 1362. Duke of York 1386. He was the first that gave the White Rose and died 1402. His Wife was Isabella youngest Daughter of the said Peter King of Castile by whom he had Richard Plantagenet Earl of Cambridge married to Anne Mortimer Daughter of Roger Earl of March by whom he had Richard Duke of York slain at the Battel of Wakefield 1460. Father of 1. Edward Duke of York who recover'd the Crown from King Henry VI. 2. George Duke of Clarence 3. Richard Duke of Gloucester afterwards King 6. William of Windsor who died young 7. Thomas of Woodstock a Man valiant and wise He was created Earl of Buckingham 1376. then Duke of Gloucester by Richard II. and at last treacherously made away some say strangled at Callice 1397. XII Richard II. born at Bourdeaux 1367. succeeded his Grandfather and was Crown'd July 16. 1377. in the 11th Year of his Age. The Care of him was first committed to certain Bishops and Earls and lastly to Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick 1379. In the Year 1382.
1421. and being not above nine Months old at the death of his Father was proclaimed King of England and France Aug. 30. 1422. and committed to the Custody of Thomas Duke of Exeter and Henry de Beaufort Bishop of Winchester his Uncles John Duke of Bâ—dford and Humphrey Duke of Gloucester having been appointed the former Regent of France the other Protector of England And now Charles VI. of France being also dead the Dauphin his Son cansed himself to be proclaim'd King by the Name of Charles VII On which many of the French Nohility revoked to him Nor was the Regent idle during this time but took several Places of Strength from him gave him a defeat at Cravant in Buâ—goigne 1423 recover'd Campeigne and Crâ—tâ—te beat him a second time at the Battel of Vernoile 1424. and follow'd it with success 'till Montacute Earl of Salisbury being slain by a Great-shot in the Castle of Orleans 1428. the Fortune of the English began to be at a stand For at this Siege it was that the Maid of Orleans or Jean d'Arcque was brought to the said Charles as a Person inspired by God for the delivery of her Country and that Miracles might be expected from her Conduct However it were it so wrought on the Superstition of the People that she may be said to have turn'd again the Fate of France And Charles VII took that heart upon it that he forthwith came before Rheims which was yielded to him and himself Crown'd there 1428. The Year following King Henry went over in Person and was Crown'd in Paris Decemb. 17. 1431. and after a Year's stay there return'd for England Not long after viz Septemb. 14. 1435. the Duke of Bedford died and Richard Duke of York was made Regent but remov'd 1439. and the Earl of Warwick substituted in his room Upon whose death the Duke of York was again made Regent 1441. And upon a Treaty of Peace between the two Kings 1444. William de la Pâ—â—l Earl of Suffolk and others are appointed Commissioners for the King of England But finding nothing like to come of it he proposes a Match between the King and Margaret Daughter of Reiner Duke of Anjou Titular King of Sicily Naples and Jerusalem which however opposed by the Duke of Gloucester Protector of the Realm took that effect that they were married May 18. 1445. And the Duke of York again removed and the Queen and Suffâ—lk by this time made Duke prevail upon the King's Mildness and govern all things at their pleasure This and the like so disgusted the Duke of York that he began to tamper about his Title to the Crown to which the death of the Cardinal of VVinchester 1448. the Exorbitances of Suffolk and the Duke of Gloucester's the main Prop of the House of Lancaster having been discharg'd from the Protectorship imprison'd and sound dead in his Bed the Year before gave no small encouragement All which being turn'd upon Suffolk he is erclaim'd at by the Commons impeach'd by the Lords and thereupon fled for France but taken in his way had his Head struck off against the side of a Cock boat 1450. To him succeeded in equal Favour of the Queen and Hatred of the People Edmond Duke of Somerset And therefore York having gotten to his Party the two Nevils Father and Son the one Earl of Salisbury the other of VVarwick he rais'd Forces under pretext of removing divers Counsellors from about the King and after several Transactions forward and backward worsted the King at the Battel of St. Albany May 23. 1455. where the Duke of Somerset was slain the King taken Prisoner a Parliament call'd the Duke of York declar'd Protector of the Realm and the Earl of VVarwick Captain of Callice All which was again overturn'd by the Queen and her Party the Year following and the Duke of York and his Friends having gotten into Ireland were attainted in Parliament 1459. Notwithstanding which they return again and being headed by Edward Earl of March fight the King at Northampton and take him Prisoner July 9. 1460. On this the Duke of York Father of the said Edward enter'd the House of Lords the Parliament then sitting seated himself in the Throne To whom said he it of right belongeth The Parliament on this openly declar'd for his Title but in regard Henry had been taken as King for Thirty eight Years it was condescended That he should hold the Title and Name of King and have the Possession of the Realm during his natural Life but if he either died resign'd or forfeited the same by breaking or going against any Point of that Accord that then the said Crown and Regal Authority should be immediately devolved and come to the Duke of York if he were then living Or in case he died to the next Heir of his Lineage And that the Duke of York should from thenceforth be Protector and Regent of the Land All which being sworn to by both Parties and enacted in Parliament Novemb. 1. 1461. Richard Duke of York on the Saturday next ensuing was proclaimed Heir Apparent to the Crown and Protector of the Realm During this time the Queen a Lady of a Courage beyond her Sex had rais'd an Army to rescue the King met the Protector at VVakefield the Christmas following where he was routed and slain and King Henry gotten into her hands again The Earl of March on the other hand now Duke of York by the death of his Father lay with Forces in Gloucestershire and upon hearing of this Defeat made to the Queen and worsted her first at Mortimer's Cross near Hereford the Candlemas-day after and on the 17th of the same Month gave her a total defeat near St. Alban's In which yet the most remarkable Man slain was Sir John Gray On which King Henry with the Queen and Prince Edward their Son got into the North and the Duke of York was proclaim'd King in the head of the Army After which King Henry liv'd somewhat more than Ten Years but generally unfortunate as shall be shown in the next Paragraph and at last died in the Tower some say of Grief or as others murder'd by Richard Duke of Gloucester May 23. 1471. in the Fifty second Year of his Age having reigned of that Thirty eight Years His Wife was Margaret Daughter of Reiner Duke of Anjou c. of whom before by whom he had Edward Prince of Wales born at Westminster Octob. 13. 1453. taken at the Battel of Teuxbury of which in the next Paragraph May 4. 1471. and the same day kill'd in cold Blood by George Duke of Clarence and the said Duke of Gloucester XVI And now Edward IV. having taken upon him the Covernment he was as well by Right of Inheritance as the Accord before mentioned proclaimâ—d King throughout London March 4. 1401. Nor was he searce warm in his Seat ere the comoved King Henry return'd out of the North with a mighty Force but was overthrown by King Edward at Tow ton Field
March 29. 1462. However himself escap'd into Scotland and sent the Queen and Prince to her Father in France and King Edward on the other hand Crown'd June 29. following Nor was Queen Margaret all this while idle but return'd with new Forces into the North where she joyn'd those Succours her Husband had brought out of Scotland and with the Assistance of their Friends at home out it to another Battel at Exham Field May 4. 1463. where King Henry was taken and the Queen made her escape into France to her Father And now King Edward being in a manner setled he sent the Earl of Warwick into France to demand the Lady Bona Daughter to Lewis Duke of Savoy and Sister to Charlotte then Queen of France for Wife which was so well relish'd that it was in a short time assented to But it so happen'd that the Lady Elizabeth Gray Widow of Sir John Gray slain at the last Battel of St. Alban's coming to petition for her Joynture which had been seiz'd into the King's hands the King not only granted it but became a Petitioner himself And being not able to obtain it otherwise married her 1465. This bred no good Blood in France and netled Warwick who took no notice of it for the present but with the King's leave retir'd to Warwick However to prevent the worst the King made his Brother George Nevil Archbishop of York 1467 and to secure a Friend against France married his Sister Margaret to Charles Duke of Burgundy 1468. By this time the Earl of VVarwick still meditating a Revenge had wrought over to his Design the said Archbishop and his other Brother John Marquess Montacute and leaving them behind him to make some Commotion in his absence took the Duke of Clarence with him and went over to his Command at Callice And upon full assurance that the said Duke bore no great Good-will to the King his Brother for a Tie of Friendship between them married the Lady Isabel his elder Daughter to him The Commotion was ascordingly made and in a short time impror'd to such a Rebellion that the King was forc'd to raise an Army to suppress it But VVarwul who had privately gotten over and now headed it by the assistance of Clarence fell upon the King in the Night and brought him Prisoner to VVarwick-Castle whence he made as escape and having gotten to London so ordered his Affairs that Clarence and VVarwid were forc'd for France again where they are kindly receiv'd especially by Queen Margaret who to secure the Earl to her side married he Son the Prince to Anne second Daughter oâ— the said Earl and took an Oath of him and such of the Nobility as follow'd her Fortune not to leave the War 'till either King Henry or his Son the Prince were restor'd to the Crown On which he came over for Eâ—â—land and forc'd King Edward into Holland Where he stay'd not long but return'd and drove VVarwick back to Callice April 1470. Where having made his Recruits he came over the August following and the Country so fell in with him that King Edward finding himself not able to withstand the Force pass'd the Sea to his Brother-in-Law the Duke of Burgundy and left his Queen in the Sanctuary at VVestrninster where she was deliver'd of her eldest Son Prince Edward VVarwick in the mean time making for London deliver'd King Henry out of the Tower and restor'd him to his Kingly Government himself neverthelass being made Lieutenant of the Realm and Clarence who unknown to the Earl had made his Peace with King Edward his Brother loyn'd as Associate with him The Duke of Burgundy in the mean time though he publickly refus'd to appear for King Edward yet underhand gave him that Supply from others that he landed again in England March 12. 1471. where he found his Friends ready to receive him and the Earl of Warwick though Clarence began to draw off and Queen Margaret not yet come with her Succours from France as forward to oppose him Notwithstanding which King Edward got to London and had King Henry deliver'd to him by the Archbishop of York to whose Care the Earl of Warwick his Brother had entrusted him This done King Edward advanc'd towards St. Alban's where Warwick lay and met him at Barnet-Heath where after a desperate Engagement the said Earl and his other Brother the Marquess Montacute were slain April 14. 1471. King Edward went back to London and offer'd his Standard at St. Paul's nor was the Ceremony scarce over before news was brought him That Queen Margaret was landed at Weymouth with a mighty Power On which the King march'd against her with what expedition he could and met her at Teuxbury May 4. following and after a bloody Fight gave her a total Rout and took the Prince her Son Prisoner whom the Dukes of Clarence and Gloucester afterwards King Richard III. slew in the King's presence Not long after which the said Queen being found in a poor House of Religion was brought a Prisoner to London and so kept 'till ransom'd by her Father And to compleat the Tragedy King Henry now Prisoner in the Tower underwent the same Fate with his Son and by the same hand the 23d of the same Month and Year having reigned but six Months after his recovery of the Crown Upon which Jasper Earl of Pembroke taking his young Nephew Henry Earl of Richmond afterwards King Henry VII with him made his escape to the Duke of Bretagne and was well receiv'd by him nor could King Edward with all his Artifices ever get him out of his hands And now all things quieted a home the King went for Callice 1474. to divert the King of France's Attempts upon Burgundy but the Duke failing to joyn him according to promise he made a Peace with the King of France for nine Years which was sworn to by both Kings upon an Interview between them near Amiens 1475. and return'd to England After which George Duke of Clarence upon some old Disgusts between the King and him was sent to the Tower 1476. adjudg'd a Traitor and not long after found dead in a Butt of Malmsie 1477. Leaving Issue by the said Earl of VVarwick's Daughter Anne 1. Edward created Earl of VVarwick by the said King Edward and beheaded by Henry VII 1500. 2. Margaret Countess of Salisbury Mother of Cardinal Pool beheaded by Henry VIII 1541. In which two died the Right Line and Surname of Plantagenet In the Year 1482. James III. King of Scotand having broken some Articles between King Edward and him the King sent an Army into Scotland under the Command of the Duke of Gloucester took Berwick and brought that King to his Terms But while he was preparing for a War with France fell sick and died April 9. 1483. in the Forty first Year of his Age and Twenty third of his Reign He had to Wife the Lady Elizabeth Gray before-mention'd who brought him five Daughters and two Sons 1. Elizabeth of York
Richard Duke of York King Edward's Son by his Face Gesture and other Lineaments of his Body King Henry during this time was not â—sleep but sent over several Spies under the â—otion of Fugitives by which means he got into Perkin's Councils and came to the knowledge of his Confederates of whom some took sanctuary others were put to death 1493 and amongst them the said Sir William Stanly whom he had made Lord High Chamberlain and that only for saying If he knew the Young-man was the Son of King Edward IV. he would not draw his Sword against him Of which being convicted he was beheaded Feb. 16. 1494. However Perkin deeming he had Force enough yet left put to Sea and attempted to land in Kent but being repuls'd made back to Flanders and thence into Ireland which answering not his Expectation he sail'd for Scotland where he made his Tale so well that James IV. at that time King not only own'd him as Duke of York but married him to the Lady Catharine Gourdon Daughter of Alexander Earl of Huntley his near Kinsman 1495. and the Year following invaded England with Fire and Sword and in a manner wasted Northumberland On which Perkin beseeching him to spare his Subjects the King disgustingly bade him first see if they were his Subjects or not and finding few or none come in to him return'd for Scotland King Henry on this resolving a Revenge on Scotland the Parliament granted him a Subsidy of 120000 l. against the Payment of which Cornwal rebells and under the Conduct of one Flammock a Lawyer came into Somersetshire where they were headed by the Lord Audley 1496. The King of Scots lays hold on the Occasion and invading England again besieges Norham Castle which Fox Bishop of Durham Lord thereof had fortified But being not able to take it suddenly and hearing the Earl of Surrey was on his march near him return'd for Scotland and was follow'd by the Earl when by the Mediation of the Ambassadour of Spain Commissioners whereof the said Bishop was one are appointed to treat between both Kings at Jedard in Sctoland which ended in a Truce With this Condition nevertheless That though the King of Scots could not be persuaded to deliver up Perkin that yet he should discharge him his Protection and Dominions which was accorded and accordingly done 1497. The Cornish men in this time had gotten within four Miles of London where after a great Slaughter their Leaders were taken and executed Yet were not the Rabble so absolutely cut off but that upon their coming home hearing Perkin was gotten into Ireland they sent to him to come and head them which he slack'd not to do and being proclaim'd King by the Name of Richard IV. laid siege to Exeter but hearing the King was marching against him sent his Wife to the Mount in Cornwal whence she was taken and deliver'd to the King and flying away by night himself took sanctuary at Beaudly in Hampshire but finding no possibility of escaping and withal tempted with the promise of pardon he voluntarily submitted himself to 〈◊〉 King's Pleasure who set him in the Stocks upon a Scaffold in the most publick Places of London and Westminster where he confess'd the Impostor and having after that attempted an escape he was arraign'd and convicted Novemb 16. 1499. and on the 23d of the same Month drawn and hang'd at Tyburn And the said Earl of Warwick upon his Arraignment before his Peers as consenting to the same having confess'd the Indictment and throwing himself upon the King's Mercy had Judgment thereupon and was beheaded on Tower-Hill the 28th following And so after fifteen Years imprisonment ended this poor Earl and with him the Name of Plantagenet While matters went thus at home the King of Scots writes to the Bishop That because he had several things touching the Peace of both Crowns which he would communicate with himself only he desir'd him to come into Scotland which with King Henry's approbation he accordingly did and from one thing to another so wrought it that a Match was concluded between the said King of Scots and the Lady Margaret eldest Daughter of King Henry 1501. contracted Jan. 25. 1502. and took effect 1503. the Queen her Mother having died Feb. 11. before Nor had this Match been sooner concluded than the King married his eldest Son Arthur Prince of Wales to the Lady Catharine Daughter of Ferdinand King of Spain Novemb. 14. 1501. After which the Prince not living above five Months his younger Brother Henry afterwards King Henry VIII was created Prince of Wales Feb. 18. 1503. After which besides filling his Coffers the King did little saving the getting into his hands Edmond de la Pool Son of John de la Pool Duke of Suffolk by Elizabeth Sister of King Edward IV. who as pretending to the Crown had not long before fled into Flanders upon the King's Promise nevertheless That he would not put him to death which he observ'd but left it to his Son and died April 22. 1509. in the Fifty second Year of his Age and Twenty third of his Reign A wise politick Prince who having the Three Titles of Lancaster Conquest and his Wife Elizabeth eldest Daughter of King Edward IV. could never be brought to declare by which of them he claim'd He had Issue by her 1. Margaret Tudor born Nov. 29. 1489. of whom before Grandmother of Mary Queen of Scots the Mother of James VI. King of Scots in whom the Kingdoms of England and Scotland were united 2. Elizabeth Tudor born July 2. 1492. died Sept. 14 1495. 3. Mary Tudor born 1498. promised to Charles Prince of Castile afterwards Emperour but upon the death of her Father married to Lewis XII King of France 4. Catharine Tudor born Feb. 2. 1503. but died young His Sons 1. Arthur Tudor Prince of Wales born Septemb 20. 1487. died in his Father's life-time April 2. 1502. 2. Henry Tudor Duke of York born June 22. 1492. and succeeded his Father 3. Edmond Tudor born Feb. 21. 1498. and died the Year following XX. Upon the death of King Henry VII his only surviving Son Henry was the day following proclaim'd King by the Name of King Henry VIII His Father's Funerals and his own Marriage with the Princess Catharine Widow of his Brother Arthur by the Dispensation of Pope Julius II. being over his next business was their Coronation which was perform'd June 24. 1509. and quieting the Clamours of the People touching the matter of Sir Richard Empsom and Edmond Dudley Esq Persons employ'd by Henry VII for compounding the Forfeitures upon Penal Statutes which they had manag'd so ill that being thereof severally convicted they were attainted in Parliament of High Treason and thereupon beheaded Aug. 18. 1510. Howbeit John Dudley Son and Heir of the said Edmond was restor'd in Blood by the same Parliament and towards the latter end of the King made Viscount Lisle and Lord High Admiral of England The new-New-years day following the
Daughter Elizabeth who afterwards was Queen Septemb 10. following And lastly after a like Divorce beheaded with a Sword May 19. 1536. Three days after whose death some say sooner he married the Lady Jane Seimour Daughter of Sir John Seimour who brought him a Son Prince Edward who succeeded him October the 12th 1537. and died two days after During this â—ime the Cardinal with the King's leave was on his Journey for York but arrested of High-Treason by the way and died at Leicester Abbey Nov. 30. 1530. ere he could reach London To him succeeded in Favour and Power his Servant Cromwell the occasion thus The Cardinal had by the Pope's License suppress'd some small Religious Houses for the Endowment of his Colleges of Christ's Church in Oxford and Ipswich which the King made use of as a Wimble to let in the greater Augre and Cromwell his Instrument for suppressing the rest If they voluntarily surrender'd they went off with Pensions if otherwise and that they defended their Possessions they ran Whiting the Abbot of Glastenbury's Fate to be hang'd for taking Arms against the King From which Beginnings there were first and last dissolved Monasteries 645. whereof 26 had Place and Voice among the Peers Colleges 90. Chauntries and Free-Chappels 2374. Hospitals 110. Nor was the King wanting to give him a Figure suitable to the Undertaking for in the compass of three Years he made him Master of the Jewel-House a Privy Councellor Secretary Master of the Rolls Lord Privy-Seal and Baron Cromwell July 10. 1536. Vicegerent in Spiritualibus the 18th of the same Month Knight of the Garter April 23. 1538. Earl of Essex and Lord High Chamberlain of England April 18. 1540. And his Son Gregory Baron of Okeham which Title remain'd in his Family 'till by the death of Vere Cromwell late Earl of Ardglas in Ireland without Issue Male it was extinct 1686. The King had now been a Widower two Years when Cromwell thinking to rivet himself in the King's Favour by a Queen of his making negotiated a Match for him with Anne Sister of William Duke of Cleve c. who was married to him Jan 6. 1540. But the King not liking her they were divorc'd by Act of Parliament upon her own Consent she renouncing the Title of Queen for that of the King 's adopted Sister And with this Match fell Cromwell for it brought him into the King's disfavour Nor wanted he Enemies to load him by whose procurement he was committed to the Tower July 9. 1540. and the King having No More need of him attainted in Parliament of High Treason and Heresie without so much as being call'd to answer and thereupon beheaded the 19th of the same Month. His FIFTH Wife was the Lady Catharine Howard Daughter of Edmond third Son of Thomas first Duke of Norfolk whom also he attainted in Parliament and beheaded Feb. 13. 1541. The Year following the Title of Lord of Ireland was by the respective Parliaments of both Kingdoms alter'd into that of King of Ireland And to encourage such of the Irish Nobility as came in to him he created O Brian Earl of Thoumond June 3. 1543. And Mac-William a-Burgh Earl of Clanricart July 1. following and 12th of the same Month married the Lady Catharine Parr Widow of the Lord Latimer who had the luck to survive him and was afterwards married to the Lord Admiral Seimour Nor had he after that Year the opportunity of doing much saving that he landed an Army in Scotland under the Conduct of the Lord Admiral Dudley who burnt Lieth to the ground forc'd Edinburgh and having fir'd it as also Thirty other Towns and Villages came back for England by Berwick 1544. And to close the last Scene of his Life he made a Royal Voyage into France and besieg'd Boloigne which by the Personal Courage and Conduct of the said Lord Admiral was surrender'd and the King rode triumphantly into it Sept. 8. the same Year and made him Governour thereof For the recovery of this the French made several attempts but all unsuccessful Whereupon it was at last concluded between the two Kings That if the King of France paid the King of England 800000 Crowns in eight Years he should have Boloigne restor'd to him and that in the mean time it should remain in the King of England's hands as a Security for the Money June 7. 1547. After which falling into a Dropsie he died Jan. 28. following being the Fifty fifth Year of his Age and Thirty seventh of his Reign He had the Soul of a Prince Magnificent and Liberal and whatever may be said of King-Craft understood what it was to be a King Nor were the Popes Julius II. and Leo X. less sensible of it which made them so forward to have engag'd him to their Interest For the former having by a Decree of the Council of Lateran depriv'd the King of France of the Title of Christianissimus transferr'd it to him but died before the Bull was sent over 1514. and the latter granted to him Poster is suis the Title of Defensor Fidei 1521. His Wives as hath been said were SIX but he had Issue only by the Three first viz. By Queen Catharine 1. Henry Tudor born Jan. 1. 1509. and died Feb. 22. following 2. Another not Named born 1514. but liv'd not long 3. Mary Tudor born Feb. 18. 1518. and afterwards came to be Queen of England By Queen Anne Bullen 1. Elizabeth Tudor born Septemb. 10. 1533. who succeeded her Half Sister Mary in the Crown 2. A Male-Child still-born Feb. 29. 1535. By Queen Jane Edward born as before made Prince of Wales Duke of Cornwal and Earl of Chester Octob. 18. 1537. His Natural Issue Henry surnam'd Fitz Roy begotten on the Lady Elizabeth Talbois Daughter of Sir John Blount Kt. and Widow of Sir Gilbert Talbois created Earl of Nottingham June 18. 1525. and the same day Duke of Richmond and Somerset Died without Issue his Father living 1536. XXI To his Father succeeded his only Son Prince Edward VI. a Protestant to whom being yet but Nine Years of Age his Mother's Brother Sir Edward Seimour created Viscount Beauchamp 1536. Earl of Hertford 1538. was appointed Governour proclaimed Lord Protector Feb. 1. 1547. and made Duke of Somerset the 17th of the same Month At which time also his younger Brother Sir Thomas Seimour was made Lord Sudley and High Admiral of England the late Lord Admiral Dudley Earl of Warwick the Lord Chancellor Wriothsley Earl of Southampton and the King Crown'd the 25th following Whereupon the REFORMATION began but the Lord Chancellor seeming averse to it was remov'd from the Privy-Council discharg'd of all his Offices and Sir William Pawlett Lord St. John made Chancellor in his room In which Year the Parliament having given the King Free-Chappels c. he set out the Free-Chappel of St. Stephen founded by King Stephen for a place of Sitting for the House of Commons which before that time had been in the Chapter House of the
and Charles the I. By W. Drummond The Faithful Register or The Debates in four several Parliaments viz. That at Westminster Octob. 21. 1680 that at Oxford March 21. 1680 and the two last Sessions of King James The Works of Cornelius Tacitus Made English by Mr. Dryden Sir Roger L'Estrange and other Gentlemen with the Political Reflections and Historical Notes of Monsieur Amelot and those of the Learn'd Sir Henry Savile In Three Volumes Modern Curiosities of Art and Nature extracted out of the Cabinets of the most eminent Personages of the French Court. By the Sieur Lemery The Compleat Chirurgeon or The whole Art of Chirurgery explain'd in a most familiar Method Written in French by M. le Clere Physician and Privy-councellor to the French King The Family-Physician and House-Apothecary By Gideon Harvey Physician to His Majesty The Third Edition revised and enlarged by the Author Memoirs of the Duke of Savoy during this War A Voyage in the Years 1695 1696 1697 on the Coasts of Africa c. by a Squadron of French Men of War Illustrated with Figures The Present State of England with Remarks upon the Ancient State thereof By Edward Chamberlain The 19th Edition with great Improvements Hennepin's New Discovery of a vast Country in America In two Parts Illustrated with Maps and Figures Dedicated to His Majesty King William Hobbs's Three Discourses viz. Of Humane Nature or The fundamental Elements of Policy De Corpore Politico or The Elements of Law Moral and Politick Of Liberty Necessity and Chance The Third Edition Valor Beneficiorum or A Valuation of all Ecclesiastical Preferments in England and Wales To which is added A Collection of Precedents in Ecclesiastical Matters Davenport's Abridgment of Cook on Littleton Advice to a Daughter By the Right Honourable the M. of H. The Fifth Edition corrected Idem in French Moral Maxims By the Duke of Rochefoncault Walsingham's Manual or Prudential Maxims of State for the States-man and the Courtier To which is now added Fragmenta Regalia or Observations on Queen Elizabeth her Times and Favours By Sir Robert Naunton Remembrances of Methods Orders and Proceedings used and observed in the House of Lords Extracted out of the Journals By Henry Scobel Esq Clark to the Parliament To which is added The Privile lges of the Barronage in and out of Parliament By John Selden Esq Memorials of the Method and Manner of Proceedings in Parliament in Passing Bills with the Orders of the House of Commons Gathered out of the Journal-books from the time of Edward VI. To which is added Arcana Parliamentaria with the Antiquity Power Order State Persons Manner and Proceedings in Parliament By Camden Selden Cotton c. Monarchy Asserted to be the Best most Ancient and Legal Form of Government in a Conference had at White-hall with Oliver Cromwell and a Committee of Parliament made good by the Arguments of Oliver Saint John Lord Chief Justice Lord Chief Justice Glyme Lord Whitlock Lord Lish Lord Frimes Lord Broghall the Master of the Rolls Sir Charles Woolsby Sir Richard Onslow Col. Jones The Art of Restoring Health explaining the Nature and Causes of Distempers and shewing that every Man is or may be his own best Physician By M. Flammand M. D. The Wisdom of the Ancients or The Apothegms of Plutarch Diogenes Laertius Aelian Stobaeus Macrobius Erasmus representing the Manners and Customs of the Greeks Romans and Lacedemonians By J. Bulteel Gent. The Second Edition Now in the Press The Compleat Gard'ner Or Directions for Cultivating and right Ordering of Fruit-gardens and Kitchen-gardens By the Famous Monsieur de la Quintinye chief Director of all the Gardens of the French King Is now at the Request of several of the Nobility and Gentry compendiously Abridg'd and made of more use with very considerable Improvements By George London and Henry Wise A Compleat Body of Chirurgical Operations Containing their Definitions and Causes from the Structures of the several Parts The Signs of the Diseases for which the Operations are made The Preparations for and the Manual Performance of each The Manner of Cure after every particular Operation Together with Remarks of the most skilful Practitioners upon each Case as also Instructions for Sea-Chirurgeons and all concerned in Midwifery The whole Illustrated with Copper-plates explaining the several Bandages and Instruments By Monsieur de la Vauguion M. D. and Intendant of the Royal Hospitals about Paris Done into English
his End in the Flower of his Age by a very odd Accident in the Year 1498. for going out of a Door at Amboise where he then was to see 'em run at Tilts he struck his Forehead with that violence against the top of it as he was presently after seiz'd by an Apoplexy and fell down dead in the place § X. Wherefore we must look back to Lewis Duke of Orleans mention'd already by us in Sect. VIII Numb 2. This Prince took to Wife Valentine Daughter of Galeazzo Duke of Milan who bare him this following Issue 1. Charles Duke of Orleans and Milan born 1391. 2. Philip deceased without Issue 1420. 3. Margaret born 1406. She married Richard of Bretagne Count d'Estampes and died 1464. 4. John Count d'Angouleme born 1404. of whom more in the next Section as being him in whose Issue the Descent of this Line was continu'd Charles the eldest of these three was taken Prisoner at the Battel of Agin Court and detain'd so in England for the space of five and twenty Years but in the end ransom'd and set at liberty by Philip the Good Duke of Burgundy His death which happened in 1465. was hastned by the Indignation he conceiv'd at having his Counsels despised and laugh'd at by King Lewis XI He was thrice married his first Wife being Isabel Daughter of Charles VI. King of France the Relict of Richard II. King of England his second Bona Daughter of Bernhard Count d'Armanac and his third Mary Daughter of Adolph Duke of Cleves By these he had four Children 1. Joan married to John Duke of Alençon 2. Lewis XII King of France 3. Mary married to John de Foix Viscount Narbon deceased 1493. 4. Anne Lady Abbess of Tonteurault Lewis XII was advanc'd to the Throne on the death of Charles VIII without Issue and Crown'd 1498. A merciful and gracious Prince sparing of the Money and Blood of his Subjects and therefore very dear to his People and styled by 'em The Father of his Country Yet was he unfortunate through the whole course of his Life witness Thuanus's History lib. 1. His first Wife was Joan Daughter of King Lewis XI a crooked and deform'd Person forced on him notwithstanding his aversion to her and all the Protestations imaginable against the injury done him by the King her Father in hopes of her proving barren Wherefore having obtain'd the Crown he divorc'd her See Im. Hoff. Geneal Gal. in Vitâ Ludov. XII and substituted in her room Anne the Relict of his Predecessor Charles VIII After whose decease he married a third time viz. Mary Daughter of Henry VII King of England nevertheless all his Male Issue died young so that he had only two Daughters namely 1. Claudia born 1499. married to Francis I. King of France And 2. Renata born 1509. married to Hercules Duke of Ferrara § XI Wherefore John Count d'Angoulesme must again appear brought already on the Stage in the last Section Numb 4. He was left in England by his Brother Charles with King Henry V. as a Pledge for an Hundred thousand Crowns and not dismissed 'till thirty Years after During which stay in England he wholly applied himself to the study of Learning and true Piety in which he made so good progress as to be held worthy by the Council of Constance of the Papal Chair which Dignity he nevertheless refused that he might not incense his Prince King Charles VII who was a great Stickler for the deposed Pope Eugenius IV. He married Margaret Daughter of Alan IX Viscount Roban who bore him a Son named Charles Count d'Angoulesme who took to Wife Aloisia Daughter of Philip Count de Bresse afterwards Duke of Savoy by whom he had a Son called Francis born Sept. 12. 1494. This Francis succeeded Lewis XII upon his dying without Issue Male and was Crown'd King of France 1515. He was very prone to Venery and Lewdness which brought him into many and great Inconveniencies He lost the Dutchy of Milan In 1515. the first Year he came to the Crown he overthrew the Swiss at the Battel of Marignan He had great Wars with the Emperour Charles V. by whom he was beaten at the Battel of Pavie in the Year 1525. and being taken Prisoner therein was sent to Madrid Being again set at liberty he began the War afresh but with no better success for in this second War he was wholly beaten out of Italy He had likewise War with Henry VIII King of England which ended in the Year 1546. He was a great Lover of Learning and learned Men whom he advanc'd and had in great esteem He was the first that brought the Custom of selling Offices and Preferments into France He finally abolish'd the Pragmatick Sanction and agreed to the Concordat Moreover he granted Annats to the Pope of Rome His Queens were Claudia Daughter to his Predecessor Lewis XII and Eleanor Daughter of Philip I. King of Spain which last died in the Year 1558. he himself in 1547. leaving Issue a Son and two Daughters The Son was Henry II. of whom in the next Section The Daughters 1. Magdalen married to James V. King of Scotland And 2. Margaret married to Charles Duke of Alençon and after his decease to Henry II King of Navarre § XII Henry II. succeeded his Father and was Crown'd King of France in 1547 8. He was of a generous Disposition a courageous and warlike Prince He took Metz Toul and Verdun from the Germans and overthrew the Emperour Charles V. in a Field Battel He likewise beat the English out of all their footing in France by taking Calice yet was defeated by the Spaniard with a vast slaughter of his Men at the Battel of St. Quintin Designing to Honour his Sister Margaret's Birth-Day with Festivals and a Tournament in which he would run himself he commanded the Count de Montgomery to run against him as he did but in the Course the Count's Spear shiver'd in pieces and an unlucky Splinter thereof wounded the King so grievously in the Eye that he died within a few Days after July 10. 1559. His Queen was Catharine de Medices Daughter of Laurence Duke of Urbin who bore him Issue as followeth 1. Francis II. who indeed succeeded him but did not long survive him for he was Crown'd King Sept. 8. O.S. 1559. and died Decemb. 5. the Year following He was married to Mary Stuart Daughter of James V. King of Scotland but left no Issue by her 2. Elizabeth or Isabella born 1545. married to Philip II. King of Spain 1559. deceased 1568. 3. Claudia married Feb. 5. 1559. to Charles II. Duke of Lorrain deceased 1575. 4. Lewis deceased an Infant 5. Charles IX born 1550. his Brother's Successor Crown'd King May 15. 1561. His Reign is infamous for the many bloody Battels for the daily Sieges and Sackings of Towns and Cities for the Devastations of Provinces and Slanghters of the Inhabitants occasion'd by the Civil War that then rag'd in France but above all for the barbarous
Mary Daughter of Stephen King of Hungary Lewis his Son became King of Poland by a Marriage with Elizabeth Daughter of Ladislaus King of that Country And Philip Charles Martel's Brother took upon him the Title of Emperour of Constantinople in his Wife 's Right Lewis IX obtain'd Clermont Tholouse and Provence by the same Right Beaumont by Gift and Mascon for Money Philip the Fair bought the County of Canny and joyn'd the Kingdom of Navarre to that of France by a Marriage with Joan last Heiress thereof with whom he had Champagne also and the Territory of Bruges Philip VI. surnamed de Valois had Dauphine given him but bought the Lordship of Mompellier in Languedoc of Sanchius King of Majorca Charles V. did the same by Auxerre Picena part of Dreux Creil and Mouzon all which Places he annexed to the Crown In 1345. Philip Duke of Burgundy third Son of King John added the Counties of Artois Burgundy and Flanders as also the Dutchy of Brabant to this Family partly as his Mother's Inheritance and partly as his Wife 's After this Charles the Bold succeeded to the Dutchy of Burgundy as next Heir and so became Lord of all the Netherlands In 1389. Lewis II. Son of Charles V. became possessed of the Dutchy of Milan in right of his Wife Valentina Daughter and Heiress of John Galeazo Duke thereof In 1535. Francis I. annexed the Dutchy of Bretagne to the Crown Henry IV. gave the Kingdom of Navarre once more to the Crown together with the Principality of Bern the Dutchies of Vendôme Beaumont and Albret the Counties of Foix and Armanac Perigord and Bresse with many other Places So that all France became incorporated in the Crown Last of all Lewis XIV the present King has made himself Master of the Bishopricks of Metz Tulles and Verdun Pignerol Brisac all Alsace and Brisgow By the Pyrenaean Treaty he had the County of Rousillon with part of that of Cerdagne made over to him See Artic. 42. and 43. Moreover he has bought Casal the Capital City of Montferrat By the Treaty of Peace at Nimeguen he was put in possession of Freiburg Two Years after he made himself Master of Strasburg by force of Arms viz. Septemb. 29. 1681. as he had done seven Years before of the Dutchies of Barre and Lorrain which two last he has united to the Crown for ever He has likewise taken the Palatinate of Deux Pents from its Natural Prince under pretence of its being an Appendant of Alsace Nor have the Dukes of Wirtenberg escaped him from whom he forced Mompelgart as also Orange from the Prince of that Name In short the Fronch of late years have extended their Power as far as America where they stand possess'd of New-France and Isles of St. Christopher and Martinique as also that of St. Laurence near Africk Moreover they seem of late to have gotten footing in Siam in the East-India's Of its Decrease § XVIII THe greatest Diminution suffered by the Family of Capet has been from the English who beginning a War with the Line of Valois under the Conduct of King Edward III. about the Year 1338. subdued in a manner all France Nevertheless in process of time all was regain'd by the French so that now the English have not so much as a Foot of Land in France In 1477. Mary the only Daughter and Heiress of Charles the Bold last Duke of Burgundy of this Family being married to Maximilian I transferred the Franche Comté together with all the Netherlands and indeed all other her Possessions except the Dutchy of Burgundy to the House of Austria Nevertheless the French by degrees have recovered many of these Places and still are gaining more as namely Artois with great part of Haynault and Flanders by the Pyrenaean Treaty of Peace See the 35th and following Articles By the Peace of Nimeguen the Franche Comté and since that the Dutchy of Luxenburg They have also made themselves Masters of some Cities belonging to the United Provinces and bought Dunkirk of the English But then again for its Decrease In 1281. this Family lost the Kingdom of Sicily witness the famous Sicilian Vespers at which time it lost Malta also Joan the last Queen of Naples of the Family of Capet transferred that Kingdom to Alphonso King of Arragon Hedewig descended of the same Race last Heiress of the Kingdom of Poland brought in Marriage that Kingdom to Jagello Duke of Lithuania In 1512. the Kingdom of Navarre was torn from it by the Spaniard and the Dutchy of Milan lost about ten Years after to Charles V. who invested his Son Philip therein Last of all the present French King has again freely surrendred the County of Avignon to his Holiness Pope Alexander VIII alias Ottoboni By all which it appears what Regions and Provinces are at present subject to the French King yet consult at leisure the famous John Christ Beckman's Hist Civ c. 3. § 2. Of its Pretensions § XIX THe House of France seems in the first place to have a just Title to the Upper Kingdom of Navarre as taken from King John of Albret by Ferdinand the Catholick King of Spain at the Instigation of Pope Julius II. whereas the Right and Title thereunto was by Joan of Albret's being married to Anthony of Bourbon Father of King Henry the Great transferred into that Family and the Claim suspended 'till this day 2. To the Commonwealth of Genoua by reason of a voluntary and formal Surrender of its Soveraignty in 1396. to Charles VI. King of France which has been since often claim'd 3. To the Kingdom of Naples which nevertheless seems to be but weak and is wholly rejected by the Spaniards 4. To the Dutchy of Milan Valentina the Heiress of that Dutchy being married by Lewis Duke of Orleans second Son of Charles V. And Lastly The present King in name of his Brother Philip Duke of Orleans lays claim to great part of the Palatinate of the Rhine And this has been the occasion of the present bloody and expensive War CHAP. III. Of the Lineage of the Kings of England § I. WHat the first State or Form of England was how conquer'd by the Romans and afterwards by the Saxons makes so little to the present Undertaking that we purposely leave it it being as much as we shall have occasion for That about the Year 1016. Canutus or Knute King of Denmark invaded this Kingdom and having treacherously slain the Saxon King Edmond Ironside 1018. married Emma the Widow of King Ethelred Father of the said Edmond and was the first Danish King of England and died 1038. His Issue were 1. Harold surnamed Harefoot by a former Wife 2. Hardicanute by the said Emma Harold succeeded his Father and died without Issue 1041. and left the Succession to his said Brother by the Father's side Hardicanute who by means of his Luxury became odious to the People and in the midst of a Debauch died suddenly 1042. lest no Issue and with him
it and wrote himself LORD thereof He suffered much by his Sons Henry and Richard The former broke with him 1173. and died 1183. his Father living The other combin'd with the King of France against him 1188. in which also he engag'd his Brother John which so struck to his Heart that he died of Grief in Normandy and rather burst than bow'd to Fortune July 9. 1189. in the Sixty first Year of his Age and Thirty fourth of his Reign His Wife was Eleanor Daughter of William Duke of Acquitain divorc'd from Lewis VII King of France by whom he had three Daughters 1. Maud married to Henry Duke of Saxony 2. Eleanor to Alphonso VIII King of Castile 3. Joan to William King of Sicily And six Sons 1. William who died young 2. Henry of whom before married to Margaret Daughter of Lewis VII King of France but died without Issue 3. Richard who succeeded his Father born 1155. 4. Jeoffry Earl of Britain married to Constance Daughter of Conan Earl of Richmond by whom he had Arthur Earl of Britain Angiers and Richmond 5. Philip who died young 6. John who succeeded his Brother Richard His Natural Sons 1. William surnam'd Longespee or Long-sword Earl of Salisbury in right of his Wife Ela Daughter and Heir of William Earl of that Place 2. Jeoffry Archbishop of York who after a five Years banishment by his Brother King John died 1213. Both by Rosamond 3. Morgan Provost of Beverly Bishop Elect of Durham By the Lady Blewet VI. Richard I. born at Oxford 1155. surnam'd Coeur de Lycn succeeded his Father and was Crown'd Septemb. 3. 1189. He made an Expedition into the Holy Land the same Year and in his return through Austria was imprison'd by the Emperour Henry VI. to whom he resign'd his Crown nor yet discharged without the payment of 100000 Marks which was accepted notwithstanding the large Profers of the King of France and his Brother John to have him detain'd Upon his coming home he was Crown'd a second time and made War with France where he was slain with a barbed Arrow by one Bertram at the Siege of Chalons in Limosin April 6. 1199. in the Forty fourth Year of his Age and Ninth of his Reign He had to Wife Beringuel Daughter of the King of Navarre but died without Issue After him VII John surnamed Sans Terre born 1166. youngest Son of Henry II. notwithstanding the just Right of Arthur his elder Brother's Son by the means of Hubert Archbishop of Canterbury obtain'd the Crown and was Crown'd by him upon Ascension day 1199. On this Arthur made War upon him in Anjou besieged Mirabel defended by Eleanor Mother of King John who raised the Siege defeated Arthur took him Prisoner and had him murdered in Prison 1202. He lost at that time Normandy to the King of France who took part with Arthur after a Three hundred Years possession by his Ancestors Upon the death of Hubert Stephen Langton a Cardinal being impos'd on him for Archbishop of Canterbury is refus'd by him 1207. The Monks of Canterbury accept him the King expels them as Traitors The Kingdom is interdicted 1208. himself excommunicated 1210. and his Kingdom given to the King of France 1213. He submits and surrenders his Kingdoms of England and Ireland to Pope Innocent III. and became his Feudatory for them at the yearly Tribure of a thousand Marks payable to the said Pope and his Successors does Homage and Fealty for them to Pandulphus his Legate gives up his Crown to him and receives it again two days after This Charter bore date May 15. 1213. and was casually lost by fire at the Council of Lyons but never were any Monies paid upon it or ever demanded since 1366. 40th Edward III. at what time also it was refused He was absolv'd from his Excommunication the same Year and the King of France upon pain of like Excommunication forbidden to proceed further against him as having submitted himself to the Church and the Jurisdiction which had now lasted six Years or better releas'd Yet his Barons cease not to infest him and force two Charters from him to wit Magna Charta and Charta de Foresta 1214 which the Pope nulls and excommunicates the Barons They on the other hand bring in Lewis the King of France his Son who landed May 1. 1216 whom Guallo the Pope's Legate excommunicates In 1210. he erected the Mayoralty of London and further granted to them to have two Sheriffs and a Common Council And notwithstanding all Turmoils at home setled Ireland and brought the English Laws and Coin into that Kingdom and died Octob. 19. 1216. in the Fifty first Year of his Age and Seventeenth of his Reign and as some have said by Poison He had three Wives his first was Alice Daughter of Hubert Earl of Morton He was divorc'd from his second the Daughter of Robert Earl of Gloucester upon the score of Consanguinity and married Isabel Daughter and Heir of Ailmer Earl of Angolesme by whom only he had Issue three Daughters and two Sons His Daughters 1. Joan married to Alexander II. King of Scots 2. Eleanor to William Earl of Pembroke and afterwards to Simon de Montford Earl of Leicester 3. Isabella to the Emperour Frederick II. His Sons 1. Henry who succeeded him in the Kingdom 2. Richard Earl of Cornwal Crown'd King of the Romans 1257. died 1274. As also three Natural Children 1 Joan married to Llewellin Prince of Wales 2. Jeoffry Fitz-Roy who serv'd in France 3. Richard who married the Daughter and Heir of Fulbert de Dover VIII To him succeeded Henry III. born 1208. Crown'd in nine days after the death of his Father and committed to the Tutelage of William Earl of Pembroke Great Marshal of England by whose prudent Management several of the most eminent Barons for sook Lewis and return'd to their Allegiance and with the rest of the Kingdom that stood firm to their young King drove him from place to place and at last gave him a total Rout upon which he came to an Accord and quitted the Kingdom In the Ninth of his Reign he confirm'd the Charters granted by his Father which afterwards he endeavour'd to rescind as done in his minority The most of his Reign was full of Troubles with his Barons headed by the late mention'd Simon de Montfort a French Exile but got into that favour that he was made Earl of Leicester and married the King's Sister as before yet with the Earl of Gloucester and others he fights the King at a place call'd Lewis where they made him and Prince Edward his Son Prisoners 1264. They quarrel about the Dividend The Prince makes his escape 1265. Gloucester joyns him and gives Leicester Battel in which the latter is slain After which the King liv'd seven Years approv'd himself a wise Prince and died Nov 16. 1272. in the Sixty fifth Year of his Age and Fifty sixth of his Reign He had to Wife Eleanor second Daughter of Raymond Earl of
John Ball a Priest and Disciple of Wickliffe with one Watt Tyler a Taylor and others work the Common People into a Rebellion murder Simon de Sudbury Archbishop of Canterbury and several of the Nobility and with a numerous Rabble come at last to Smithfield by Landon where Sir VVilliam VVallwâ—rth then Lord Mayor upon some rude Language given the King by the said Tyler stabb'd him dead and therewith dispers'd the Rabble In memory of which the King gave the City the Augmentation of a Bloody Dagger to their Coâ—â—n the Year 1366. Henry 〈◊〉 of Derby Son of John of Gaunt was created Duke of Hereferd and being accus'd by 〈◊〉 Mâ—ubrey Duke of Norfolk of some dangerous Words by him 〈◊〉 demanded a Trial by Battel which was accepted and both being in the Lists ready in combat Hereford was banâ—th'd for ten Years of which the King struck oft four and went 〈◊〉 France And the Year following Johne Gaunt died In 1399 the King went into Ireland and in his absence Thomas Arundel Archbishop of Canterbury and others contrive to depose him and set up Henry now Duke of Lancaster who upon their Invitation return'd and met the King in VVales from whence he was convey'd to the Tower of London where a Parliament being in the mean time call'd in King Richard's Name the King resign'd his Crown to the said Henry and made the Bishops of York and Hereford his Procurators to declare his Resignation to the Parliament which was accepted And to colour the matter Articles were preserâ—ed against him on which he was deposed Septemb. 9. 1399. and afterwards trait 〈◊〉 murdered in Pomfret Castle 1401. by Sir Pierce Exten and eight others as he was at Dâ—â—â—er of whom yet he slew four in the Thirty third Year of his Age and Twenty secâ—nd of his Reign His first Wife was Anne Daughter of Charles IV. Emperour His second Isabel Daughter of Charles VI. King of France but had no Issue by either of them XIII § VI. Upon this Deposition Henry â—â—â—ke of Lancaster eldest Son of John of Gaunt tourth Son of Edward III. Born 1368. was Crown'd King Octch. 13. 1399. by the Name of King Henry IV. albeit Edmond Mortimer Earl of March Son of Roger Mortimer Earl of March Son and Heir of Philippa Daughter and Heir of â—iond third Son of King Edward III. was then living and the said Earl Râ—ger his Father upon King Richard's going into Ireland in the Year 1385. had been declared in Parliament Heir Apparent to the Crown if the said Richard died without Issue This occasioned those bloody Wars between the Houses of York and Lancaster in which there were Twelve pitch'd Battels fought between them in the compass of Thirty six Years The beginning of his Reign was sull of Troubles for Thomas Merks Bishop of Carlisle made a Speech in Parliament in favour of Richard the deposed King for which albeit he was imprison'd yet it so stuck with the Nobility that six of the Chief of them combine to seize King Henry and restore King Richard and to that purpose undertook a solemn Justing to he held at Oxford in the Chrismas 1401. and invited the King to it which he accepted but the Plot being accidentally discovered by one of the Conspirators it was seasonably prevented and crush'd Nor was it long are Owen Glendour rose in VVales 1400. and declared for Edmond Mortimer The like did the Earls of Northumberland and Worcester in the North who before they could join Forces were beaten by the exemplary Courage of Prince Henry his Son 1403. The King at last having wrought through every thing that oppos'd him died of an Apoplexy March 20. 1413. in the Forty sixth Year of his Age and Fourteenth of his Reign His first Wife was Mary one of the Daughters and Co-heirs of Humphrey de Bohun Earl of Hereford Essex and Northampton she died before he came to the Crown 1394. but left him four Sons 1. Henry V. who succeeded him 2. Thomas Duke of Clarence slain at Beaufort in France but left no Issue 3. John Duke of Bedford and Regent of France Died Septemb. 14. 1435. but had no Issue 4. Humphrey surnamed The Good created Duke of Gloucester by his Brother Henry V. Protector to his Nephew Henry VI. and at last imprison'd and strangled by the device of Queen Margaret Wife of the said Henry VI. 1447. His second Wife was Joan Daughter of Charles I. King of Navarre Widow of John de Menthâ—â—â— Duke of Bretagne by whom he had no Issue She surviv'd her Husband and died 1437. XIV To him succeeded his eldest Son Henry V. born at Monmouth 1385. Crown'd April 9. 1412. His Youth had been somewhat extravagant but he soon recover'd it and supplied his defect of Title by worthy Actions The Parliament at this time look'd with a sharp eye upon the Church-Lands and to divert the Humour Henry Chichely Archbishop of Canterbury put the King in the head of his Title to France and withal assur'd him That he had consulted the Clergy and that they had resolv'd to advance such a Summ towards it as never Spiritual Persons had given to any King before Upon this the King treated with the Parliament touching the matter which they so approv'd that an Army is forthwith rais'd in the head of which he lands in France and in a sew days besieg'd Harflue and took it 1415. and having pass'd the River Soame came up with the French then lying at Agincourt where with an Army not exceeding 15000 Men he cut off the others of 60000 Octob. 25. the same Year and return'd for England 1416. and made the Duke of Bedford Regent of France 1417. whither he follow'd himself the same Summer Took Caen 1417. Chierburgh Dampfront 1418. Rohan Vernon Mante Pontoise the Castle of St. Germane Meulane 1419. And after another Victory near the City of Mens it was amongst other things concluded That King Henry should marry the Lady Catharine the King of France's Daughter and after his death become Heir of the said Realm and in the mean time have the whole Government of the same as Regent thereof According to which they were married June 3. 1420. and the King solemnly proclaim'd Heir and Regent of France and the Duke of Burgundy and most of the Nobility swore Fealty to him As also did the Three Estates of the Realm assembled at Paris each Person severally for himself 1421. And in April following carried his Queen into England Yet notwithstanding this Charks the Dauphin retires to Berry and gets Forces together Nor was the Duke of Bedford less industrious to pursue him 'till the King coming over again and in his march to relieve Cosny then besieg'd by the Dauphin was taken with a Pleurisie of which he died at Blot St. Vincent Aug. 31. 1422. in the Thirty eighth Year of his Age and Tenth of his Reign and left by the said Catharine de Valois Daughter of the said King of France XV. Henry VI. born at Windsor Decem.
born Feb. 11. 1466. design'd Wife to George Nevil Duke of Bedford promised afterwards to the Dauphin courted by her Uncle King Richard III. but at last married to King Henry VII 2. Cecilia to the Viscount VVells and after his decease to Kyme of Lincolnshire 3. Anne to Thomas Lord Howard afterwards Earl of Surrey and Duke of Norfolk 4. Bridget born Novemb. 10. 1480. profess'd in the Nunnery of Dartford 5. Mary promised in Marriage to the King of Denmark but died before its Consummation 6. Margaret born April 19. 1472. died in her Infancy 7. Catharine married to the Lord VVilliam Courtney Son to the Earl of Devonshire His Sons 1. Edward Prince of VVales born Nov. 4. 1470. 2. Richard Duke of York and Norfolk Earl of Nottingham and VVarren both murder'd by the procurement of the Duke of Gloucester their Uncle 1483. 3. George Duke of Bedford died an Infant His Natural Issue Arthur to whom he gave the Name of Plantagenet created Viscount Lisle by King Henry VIII 1523. and died 1542. As also one Daughter Elizabeth Plantagenet married to the Lord Lumley XVII Edward V. succeeded his Father in Title though not in the Crown for being not above Thirteen Years of Age at the death of his Father Sir Anthony VVoodvile Lord Rivers his Mother's Brother was appointed Governour to him and with Richard Gray Marquess of Dorset his Half-brother by the Mother sent to conduct him from Ludlow where he then was to London And on this the Duke of Gloucester his Uncle lays the Foundation of his design'd Usurpation and in order to it there having been some secret Grudge between Edward Duke of Buckingham his Creature and VVilliam Lord Hastings then Lord Chamberlain both Enemies of the Queen's he first reconciles them and then rells them how unreasonable it was that the young King their Master should be in the hands of his Mother's Kinred a new Nobility a thing neither Honourable to his Majesty nor them Whereupon it is agreed That they be remov'd as Enemies On this Gloucester and Buckingham meet the King with all Obedience at Stony Stratford and having secur'd the Lord Rivers and Dorset whom they shortly after beheaded at Powfret bring him to London May 4. 1483. the Queen upon hearing what had pass'd having with her younger Son and Daughters taken sanctuary at Westminster On which the Duke of Gloucester is made Protector of the Realm The next device was how to get the young Duke out of his Mother's hands which she as suspecting the design will by no means consent to However at last what with the Assurance of several of the Privy Council for his safety and Threats of forcing the Sanctuary for him he is deliver'd to the Protector who with all seeming joy brings him to the King his Brother into the Bishop of London's Palace at St. Paul's and thence honourably through the City for the King's security as was given out until his Coronation The Protector all along had made his residence near the Tower and having so tangled Buckingham that he could not safely get off he comes to the point with him on which it is agreed between them That the Protector should have the Duke's aid to make him King and that the Protector 's Son should marry the Duke's Daughter with a Grant to himself of the Earldom of Hereford which he claimed as his Inheritance but could never obtain it in King Edward's time Whereupon Buckingham undertakes for the City with whom he was not the least popular The King now having his Court in the Tower the Council meet there for ordering the Solemnity of his Coronation which was carried on with such forwardness and the Day appointed for it so near at hand that all Mistrust was visibly set aside 'till the Protector having pump'd the Lord Chamberlain by his Friend Catesby and finding no good to be done on him came into the Council June 13. and knitting his Brows arrested him as a Traitor for that he with his Brother's Wife the Queen had attempted his Life by Sorcery And therewith giving a knock a Guard came in who by the Protector 's Command forthwith carried him out and struck off his Head and severally secur'd the rest of the Council Whereupon sending for some of the Chief of the City he made them a fair Tale How himself and the Duke of Buckingham were to have been destroy'd in Council by a Conspiracy of the Lord Chamberlain's And returns them with an Herauld and a Proclamation in the King's Name to satisfie the People There was at that time one Sir Edmond Shaw Lord Mayor of London who upon promise of advancement had been made to their Party as also one Doctor John Shaw Brother to the Mayor and Doctor John Penker Provincial of the Augustine Friars both noted Preachers but of more Fame than either Vertue or Learning And these are the Men must make that Gospel to the People which Catesby had undertaken for Law to the Kingdom And having receiv'd their Instructions accordingly Shaw begins at St. Paul's Cross the Sunday after where upon that Text Spuria Vitulamina c The Bastard-Slips shall not take root he signify'd to the People That not only King Edward IV. and his Brother George Duke of Clarence were not the very Sons of Richard Duke of York but begotten in Adultery on the Dutchess their Mother But that the now King Edward and his Brother Richard Duke of York were both Bastards inasmuch as their Father King Edward IV. at the time that he married the Lady Elizabeth Gray their Mother was precontracted to the Lady Elizabeth Lucy who was his lawful Wife before God Then turning his Discourse to the Protector and his Title render'd him the express Image of the Noble Duke his Father and the very Right Heir of his Body begotten Yet all this took so little with the People that Penker was reserv'd 'till after the Coronation at which time he so lost his Voice that he was forc't to come down in the midst of his Sermon The Tuesday following the Mayor Aldermen and Commoners being assembled in the Guild-Hall the Duke of Buckingham came among them and having rak'd together whatever could be thought of against King Edward IV. and his Government he recapitulated Shaw's Sermon magnified the Protector and his Title to them and concluded from the whole Vae Regno c. Wo to that Realm that hath a Child to its King Neither had this also any effect upon them 'till a pack'd Company at the other end of the Hall throwing up their Bonnets and crying King Richard King Richard the Mayor took it by the end and said it was so goodly and joyful to hear so full a Cry and no one gainsaying it that he would represent it to the Protector the next Morning which accompanied with all the Aldermen and Chief Commoners of the City in their Formalities and conducted by the Duke of Buckingham he accordingly did And the Protector Good Man so utterly refus'd that
attendance on the Earl their Lord. By which means and several of King Richard's Party falling in with him his Army grew stronger daily and the Lord Stanly who had married the Countess of Richmond Mother to Henry lay hovering with an Army of five thousand Men but durst not declare for him for fear of the Lord Strange his Son whom King Richard kept as an Hostage for his Father 's not acting against him Yet was not Richard so amaz'd at it but that he met his Enemy with a powerful Army at Bosworth near Leicester where in the heat of the Battel the Lord Stanly joyn'd Earl Henry with his fresh Forces as also did Sir William Stanly his Brother with three thousand more and slew King Richard Aug. 22. 1485. whose Crown found among the Spoil he forthwith put on the Head of the said Earl on which he was proclaim'd King by the Army Thus fell that Usurper Richard in the Thirty seventh Year of his Age and Third of his Reign His Wife was Anne youngest Daughter of Richard Earl of Warwick by whom he had Edward Prince of Wales Earl of Chester and Salisbury born in his Uncle King Edward IV.'s Reign An. 1473. of whom before As also a Natural Daughter viz. Catharine Plantagenet But neither of them surviv'd him XIX § VII King Henry VII Son of Edmond Teuther Earl of Richmond by the Lady Margaret Daughter and Heir of John Duke of Somerset lineally descended from John de Beaufort before-mentioned having thus gotten the Victory at Bosworth the first thing he did was to secure Edward Plantagenet Earl of Warwick about Fifteen Years of Age Son of George Duke of Clarence of whom also before kept Prisoner in Yorkshire by King Richard III. together with the Lady Elizabeth the former of which he sent to the Tower the other to her Mother in London whither he follow'd by slow Journies and was Crown'd Octob. 30. the same Year And having call'd a Parliament in which the Inheritance of the Crown of this Realm and France was entail'd on him and the Heirs of his Body he married the said Lady Elizabeth Jan. 18. following In 1486. he call'd another Parliament in which it was enacted That the Queen Dowager Elizabeth should forfeit all her Lands and Possessions because she had voluntarily submitted her sell and her Daughters to Richard III. contrary to her Promise to the Lords c. On which she retir'd to a Nunnery at Bermondsey where she died not many Years after And now such as favour'd the House of York set a Project on foot to lay by King Henry and advance the aforesaid Edward Earl of Warwick to the Crown To which purpose one Richard Simond a crafty Priest of Oxford having a sharp Pupil call'd Lambert Simnell and not unlike the said Earl either for Stature or Years He is pitch'd upon to personate him and take his Name who as was given out had got out of the Tower Nor was it long ere he was so well instructed in the Mien of a Prince and the Lineage he was to pretend to that they adventur'd for Ireland where he was receiv'd as the undoubted Heir of the House of York which the Irish rather favour'd than that of Lancaster Upon advice of this the Earl of Lincoln Son of John de la Pool Duke of Suffolk by Elizabeth Sister to King Edward IV. and others his Friends not thinking it meet to neglect so fair an Opportunity got over into Flanders to the Lady Margaret Dutchess Dowager of Burgundy one other Sister of the said King Edward where they met the Lord Lovel who had escap'd from Bosworth and at last concluded among them That Lincoln and Lovel should go into Ireland and there attend upon Lambert and honour him as King and taking with him two thousand Men should with the Power of the Irish Men bring him into England in which if they succeeded Lambert should be laid by and the true Earl of Warwick be deliver'd out of Prison and Crown'd King King Henry on the other hand made no more of it than to expose the Earl of Warwick to a publick view through the City 'till hearing that the Earl of Lincoln was arriv'd in Ireland and had Crown'd Lambert at Dublin with a resolution of coming for England he gather'd a great Army against him who by that time was landed near Lancaster and came forward to Stoke where the King's Forces met him and after a hard-fought Battel and total Overthrow to Lambert he and his Tutor were taken Prisoners June 16. 1487. and being brought to London Lambert was made a Turn-spit in the King's Kitchen and the other as being a Priest committed to perpetual Imprisonment There were also other Insurrections the same Year which the King dispers'd by his Proclamation of Pardon ere it came to the Sword And having made a Truce with Scotland for seven Years Crown'd his Queen Novemb. 25. following About this time the King of France making War upon the Duke of Bretagne King Henry mediates between them But to no effect for upon the death of the said Duke 1488. the King of France over-ran the Dutchy incorporated it to the Crown of France and in 1489. married the Dutchess King Henry lik'd not this new Accession and therefore since nothing else could prevail made War upon France 1490. The Dutchess of Burgundy laid hold of the Occasion and brings upon the Stage one Peter or Perkin Warbeck to take on him the Name and Person of Richard Duke of York second Son of King Edward IV. her Brother not murder'd in the Tower as she gave it abroad but escap'd into Ireland whither she had underhand sent him In which he acted his Part so well that he was taken for what he personated 1491. The French King being advertis'd thereof sent for him out of Ireland to the intent to arm him against King Henry who was then invading France gave him a Royal Reception and assign'd him a Guard On which several of the English got over to him But it so happening that the two Kings were made Friends Perkin was dismiss'd and with his Followers went to the Dutchess of Burgundy who joyfully welcom'd him yet seeming as if she had never seen him solemnly examin'd him Of his escape from being murder'd In what Countries he had wandred By what means he had found Friends and What Chance of Fortune had brought him to her Court. To all which he made such direct Answers that she assign'd him a Princely Guard and call'd him The White Rose of England 1492. And to the end the truth of the matter might be the better known Sir Robert Clifford and one William Barely are by the common Consent of such as favour'd the House of York sent over to the Dutchess to declare their Intentions concerning him Which when she had heard she brought them to Perkin who so well humour'd the thing that Sir Robert wrote back to them and to put them out of doubt affirm'd That he knew him to be
Queen was brought to bed of a Prince named Henry who died Feb. 22. following And now the Magnificence of the Court being somewhat allay'd the King resolv'd of a Royal Expedition into France to which the Parliament gave largely but not thinking it safe to leave the before-mention'd Edmond de la Pool behind him he took off his Head April 30. 1512. and having created Sir Charles Brandon Son of Sir William Brandon Standard-Bearer to Henry VII at Bosworth-Field and there slain Viscount Liste he landed at Callice June 30. 1513. and taking the Field laid siege to Terwin where the Emperour Maximilian taking pay under him wore the Cross of St. George as the King's Soldier To relieve this Place came the French with a powerful Army Aug. 16. but were so put to flight that in memory thereof it was call'd The Battel of Spurrs and the Town surrendred in two days after From thence he advanced to the City of Tournay took it and return'd for England Septemb. 24. To divert the King from this pursuit in France James IV. of Scotland had invaded England and besieged Norham Castle but was encounter'd by the Lord Thomas Howard Earl of Surrey Lieutenant of the North in the King's absence at Flodden Field where the said King lost his Army and Life together Septemb. 9. the same Year On which the King created the said Earl Duke of Norfolk with an augmentation to his Coat of a Demi-Lion shot in the Mouth within a Countre Treasure Flowrie three Parts of the Arms of Scotland Sir Charles Brandon Viscount Lisle Duke of Suffolk Feb. 2. 1514. and Thomas Woolsey his Almoner Bishop of Lincoln the March after Lewis XII King of France now stricken in Years began to be weary of War and finding that the design'd Marriage between the Prince of Castile and the Lady Mary Sister of K. Henry was broken sent over Ambassadors to treat of a Peace and amongst other things of a Match in particular between this Lady and himself with Offers of a large Dowry and Security for the same which by the management of Woolsey was so contriv'd that both took effect with this Condition That if the French King died then the Lady if it stood with her Pleasure might return into England again with all her Dowry and Riches Which being consented to a Peace was proclaim'd Aug. 7. the Marriage consummated Octob. 9. the Queen Crown'd Novemb. 5 1515. and came to Paris the next day where after several solemn Justs the English left her and the King her Husband died Jan. 1. following Not long after which Cardinal Benbrike Archbishop of York King Henry's Ambassadour at Rome dying Woolsey is made Archbishop thereof and upon the Archbishop of Canterbury Warham's giving up the Seal the next Year Lord Chancellor and Cardinal Upon the death of King Lewis Francis I. succeeded him to whom and the Queen his Sister King Henry having made the usual Compliments and being advertis'd of her Inclination to return into England he sent the Duke of Suffolk to receive her which was honourably condescended to and the Queen deliver'd to him who pleas'd her so well that she married him at Callice and return'd with him for England 1516. The King seems offended at it but is quickly reconcil'd However the Cardinal now Legate à Latere disobliges him and not him only but the Prime Nobility of England particularly Edward Stafford Duke of Buckingham the last hereditary High Constable of England whose Head also he brought to the Block May 17. 1521. and with that and his other Exorbitances the general Hatred of the Commons upon himself But what hasten'd his Ruine may seem to be this Charles V. Emperour and King of Spain had refused him the Archbishoprick of Toledo to be reveng'd of this he procured a Friendship between King Henry and the King of France to the end That if probably a Divorce could be made between the King and Queen Aunt to the said Emperour that the King might have married the Dutchess of Alençon the French King's Sister However it were the King after a Twenty Years Marriage makes it a Scruple of Conscience Whether she could be his lawful Wife as having been the Widow of his elder Brother Prince Arthur and endeavours a Divorce from which the Queen appeal'd to the Pope The Cardinal on the other hand finding the King had an eye on the Lady Anne Bullen Daughter of Sir Thomas Bulen Treasurer of his Houshold whom he had created Viscount Rochfort June 18. 1525. and Earl of Wilis Decemb. 1529. and notwithstanding his Endeavours to the contrary would marry her if the Divorce to which the Pope was utterly averse took place so shuffled the matter between the Pope and the King that he fell into the King's displeasure which wanting no aggravation of his Enemies for Friends he had few or none the Great Seal was taken from him Nov. 17. 1529. and Sir Thomas Moore Speaker of the House of Commons made Lord Chancellor the 24th of the same Month and a Writ of Praemunire issued against him in which upon his Confession he had Judgment to forfeit all his Lands Tenements Goods and Chattels c of which he made a large Inventory and sending it to the King by Sir William Gascoigne his Treasurer retired into the Country Howbeit the Bishopricks of York and Winchester were not taken from him nor Plate and Houshold-stuff sufficient for his Degree His Power thus clipp'd one would have thought it sufficient but alas he had a Head yet left and who knew but the King might not have quite forgotten him therefore to make sure Work and him a terrible Example for those are the Words there were Forty three Articles signed by the said Chancellor and by Fourteen Lords of the Privy-Council and the Two Chief Justices exhibited to the King against him Decemb. 1. 1530. which being brought down from the Lords to the Commons Thomas Cromwel his Secretary a Member of the House made so honest a Defence of his Master that the King took him into his Service After which the Lord Chancellor Mocre as little fond of having the King marry the Lady Bullen as had been the Cardinal foreseeing the Cloud that was gathering against him after long suit made to be discharged of his Office gave up the Seal May 7. 1532. and was beheaded for denying the King's Supremacy July 6. 1535. or rather because that he had not put on his Wedding-Garment for the Lady Bullen whom he made Marchioness of Pembroke Septemb. 1. married her Jan. 25. following in the presence of Cranmer his late Ambassadour at Rome whom not long after he made Archbishop of Canterbury Whereupon it was enacted That Queen Catharine should no more be called Queen but Princess Dowager And the Archbishop not to be wanting on his part divorc'd her from the King and by a Publick Sentence declar'd the Marriage to be void and of none effect May 23. 1533. On which Queen Anne was Crown'd June 1. delivered of a
Abbot of Westminster And now Commissioners being appointed for matter of Religion not yet disannull'd by Parliament it came into the Protector 's and Council's mind of a Match that upon the death of King James V. King of Scotland had been treated and concluded by the Parliament of that Kingdom with King Henry VIII for the Prince his Son now King with the Lady Mary their young Queen sole Daughter and Heir of the said James and which by the Contrivance of Cardinal Beaton Archbishop of St. Andrew's was now obstructed to the intent of marrying her to Francis Dauphin of France as it afterwards took effect April 24. 1558. To have prevented this an Army is rais'd and Scotland invaded by Sea and Land where after several Skirmishes the Protector engag'd them at Fauxside and Musleborough whence after a great Slaughter and having secur'd a Footing in the Country he return'd for England the September following But as to the young Queen did so little good that it was doubted Whether this Army and that too for a great part Foreigners was rather rais'd to force a Princess out of her own Country to the Marriage of a Prince not yet ripe for her than to secure himself at home During this and his Brother the Lord Admiral 's absence in Scotland whether it were that the Protector 's Wife could not brook the Queen Dowager Parr her Husband 's the Admiral 's younger Brother's Wife to take place of her or that the Admiral kept not thorough-pace with him there grew such a feud between the Brothers that cost them both their Heads For within a Year and half after their return the Admiral was sent to the Tower and without Trial attainted in Parliament and thereupon beheaded March 20. 1549. Nor had he recover'd this false Step before he made another in slipping an Opportunity that play'd into his hand for the Commissioners having thrown all Images and what thereunto appertain'd out of the Churches and the Parliament abolish'd the Missal and enjoyn'd a New Book of Common-Prayer and Administration of the Sacraments in its room the Cornish Men first and after them Oxfordshire Bucking hamshire Norfolk York and others ran into Rebellion which he fortunately suppress'd and thereby became Master of an Army which he might have wrought to any thing at least crush'd his disguis'd Friend but secret Enemy the Earl of Warwick who had stola the Lords of the Council from him and now jointly impeach'd him as the occasion of the late Tumults and at the same time pray the City and the Commons to aid them to take him from the King Whereupon he is committed to the Tower Octob. 14 following and having not Interest enough to hinder the said Earl from being made Lord High-Chamberlain he tamely submitted to a Marriage between the Earl's eldest Son and his eldest Daughter and got his Liberty for that time But this patch'd Friendship lasted not above two Years for the Earl of Warwick being made Duke of Northumberland and the Lord Henry Gray Marquess of Dorset his Consident Duke of Suffolk Octob. 11. 1551. and now Governing all the late Protector was within five days after again committed to the Tower and convicted of Felony upon a Statute of his own making viz. For purposing and attempting the Lives of the said Northumberland and Suffolk two of the King's Privy-Council which by that Statute was made Felony On which he was beheaded Jan. 22. following And the King left so unguarded by any but themselves and their Creatures that it seem'd no difficulty to bring the Crown into their own Families To this purpose a Marriage is contriv'd between the Lord Guilford Dudley Fourth Son of the said Duke of Northumberland and the Lady Jane Gray eldest Daughter of the said Duke of Suffolk by Frances Daughter of Mary Sister of King Henry VIII of whom before and that so cover'd under the specious Pretence of securing the Protestant Religion against the Lady Mary the King's Sister a Catholick that the King not only further'd it but being in a sickly condition did by his last Will and Testament declare the said Lady Jane Gray to be Rightful Heir in Succession to the Crown of England To which also besides the Lords of the Council all the Judges subscrib'd their Names excepting only Sir James Hales one of the Justices of the Common-Pleas who would neither by Word nor Writing give his Assent to the disherison of Queen Mary Not long after which the King died to wit July 6. 1553. in the Seventeenth Year of his Age and Seventh of his Reign but unmarried and Childless and might perhaps have liv'd longer if he had not been a King Three days after the Lady Jane Gray was proclaimed Queen and the same day the Lady Mary Sister of the last King Edward and eldest Daughter of King Henry VIII sent a Letter to the Lords of the Council thereby claiming the Crown by Right of Succession and requiring them upon their Allegiance to have her proclaim'd Queen Which being sleighted by them she withdrew to her Castle of Fremingham whither several of the Nobility and Gentry repair to her The Council on the other hand dispatch the Duke of Northumberland after her but the Men of Suffolk first and after them those of Oxfordshire Northampton and Norfolk came in so thick to her and six Ships of War declaring for her the Council at London proclaim her Queen the 19th of the same Month left the Duke of Northumberland to shift for himself and secur'd the Lady Jane and her Husband in the Tower XXII Queen Mary a Catholick being thus proclaim'd the Duke of Northumberland was arrested at Cambridge and brought to the Tower and together with the Marquess of Northampton and the Earl of Warwick Son and Heir of the said Duke arraign'd of High-Treason before Thomas Duke of Norfolk Lord High-Steward of England where praying the Opinion of the Court Whether a Man doing an Act by Authority of the Prince's Council and by Warrant of the Great Seal of England and doing nothing without the same may be charg'd with Treason for any thing done by virtue of the same And being answer'd That the Great Seal which he laid for his Warrant was not the Seal of the Lawful Queen of the Realm but the Seal of an Usurper and therefore no Warrant to him he confess'd the Indictment as also did the other two and had Judgment as in Cases of High-Treason Aug. 18. the same Year On which the said Duke was beheaded the 22d and Queen Mary Crown'd Octob. 1. following At which time also she publish'd a General Pardon in which notwithstanding were excepted by Name the Archbishops of Canterbury and York the Bishop of London and others of the Clergy and the two Chief Justices Sir Edward Montacute and Sir Roger Cholmley with other Men of the Law for counselling or at least consenting to the Deprivation of Queen Mary and aiding the aforesaid Duke of Northumberland in the pretended Right of
further praying That she might have leave to unfold the Injuries she had receiv'd and answer the Crimes objected in her presence withal alledging It was but reasonable that the Queen should hear her and restore her to her Kingdom against those whom when they liv'd in exile for their Offences against her she had fully restor'd at the Queen's Intercession but to her own undoing if not prevented in time Lastly beseeching her That she might have admittance to her and assistance from her or depart out of the Kingdom with her leave to crave aid elsewhere forasmuch as she came into it of her own accord as relying upon her Love so often honourably promis'd by Letters Messages and Tokens Upon this the Queen commiserating her Condition could have found in her Heart to have restor'd her had the Council thought it stood with the Queen's security And therefore the Question was What should be done with her To detain her in England it was to be fear'd those that favour'd her Title to the Crown would leave nothing unattempted to set it on her Head And moreover the Trust of Keepers was very uncertain To send her for France the Guises her Kindred were too powerful and to return her into Scotland those that favour'd the English would be put from their Places the French advanc'd the young King expos'd to danger the Religion chang'd Ireland invaded by the Highlanders and Queen Elizabeth in hazard at home And therefore it was thought best to detain her 'till she had given satisfaction for usurping the Title and Arms of England and anser'd for the Death of the Lord Darnly a Native Subject of the Queen's Yet it had this effect That the Queen sent to Murray and his Confederates to come and answer the Queen of Scots's Complaints and give sufficient Reasons why they had depriv'd her or that she would restore her On which Murray with seven others came to York the Place appointed and were the same Day met by the Duke of Norfolk and two others Commissioners for Queen Elizabeth But the Queen of Scots disdaining to be heard by her Subjects or any thing less than the Queen her self nothing came of it but Words And Murray return'd to his Regency but riding through Lithquo was shot dead by a Hamilton 1569. In whose room was elected by the Lords of Scotland the before-mention'd Matthew Earl of Lenox the young King's Grandfather And now frequent applications having been made to Queen Elizabeth by the Ambassadours of France and Spain for the Delivery of the Queen of Scots but without effect she was Excommunicated by Pope Pius V. Feb. 24. the same Year which occasion'd her many Troubles and at last the death of the Queen of Scots who after an Eighteen Years imprisonment was arraign'd tried and sentenc'd by ' special Commission at Fotheringham-Castle for that pretending a Title to the Crown of England she was privy and consenting to several Treasons tending to the Invasion of England and the Hurt Death and Destruction of the Queen Octob. 25. 1586. And thereupon Infesto Regibus Exemplo as says her Epitaph securi percutitur Feb. 8. following and Forty sixth Year of her Age albeit the King of France and more particularly the King of Scots her Son and several others made strong Intercessions to have sav'd her However the Queen seems troubled at her Death and lays it to the Inconsiderateness of her Secretary Davyson and to that purpose sent a Letter in excuse of it written with her own Hand by Sir Robert Cary whom the King refus'd to set foot in Scotland and with much ado receiving his Letter re call'd his Ambassadour and breath'd nothing but Revenge And yet the Queen gave not over but sending him the Sentence of the Star Chamber against Davyson and an Instrument signed by all the Judges in which they averr That the Sentence against the Queen of Scott could in no wise prejudice his Right in the Succession it so mollified that he made a Vertue of Necessity and chose rather to wait with Patience thâ—n hazard all by an uncertain War with England And now come that Climacterical Year of the World as Astrologers call'd it to wit 1588 at what time there being an actual Treaty then on foot between the Crowns of England and Spain and Commissioners on both sides then sitting upon it near Ostend but made use of by the Prince of Parma only to trifle away time 'till the Spanish Armada came upon the English Coast Philip II. King of Spain makes an attempt upon England with 130 Ships whereof 72 were Galeasses and Galleons in which were 19290 Soldiers besides Mariners and Gally-Slaves to have been join'd by the Prince of Parma with 50000 Veterans But where ever lay the Miscarriage abroad every hand was so at work at home that enobling our Coasts with their mighty Spoils those few of them that escap'd return'd with more Confasion than they set forth with Expectation After which the King of Scots by her Ambassidour Sir Robert Sidney let the Queen know That he had over-pass'd all Injuries and desired a sincere and perfect Amity with her And as an instance of it not only married Anne Daughter of Frederick II. King of Denmark with the Queen 's good liking 1589. But when O Rork having rebell'd against her in Ireland was driven into Scotland he was upon the Queen's Request deliver'd back into Ireland 1590. Nor was there after that any Solemnity of an Embassie ever pass'd between them but as occasion offer'd it was constantly dispatch'd by a private Messenger 'till the day of her death which the Scots had a long time impatiently expected but believ'd never would be while there was an Old Woman alive in England tho' at last it came to pass March 24. 1602. in the 69th year of her Age and 45th of her Reign But never married XXIV § VIII To her succeeded James VI. Kiug of Scotland Grandchild of James IV. King of Scotland by Margaret eldest Daughter of Henry VII King of England who the Male Line being extinct had the indisputable Title to the Crowns of England and Ireland and was thereupon proclaim'd King of England Scotland and Ireland the same Day that the Queen died Of which he had first notice by an unsent Messenger the before-mention'd Sir Robert Cary whom upon his coming into England he some Years after made Baron Leppington And upon a more solemn Address from the Lords of the Council came for England and was together with his Queen Crown'd July 25. 1603. being St. James's Day A little before which there having been several Embassies made to Congratulate their Access to the Crown the King created a Standing Officer for the Reception and Introduction of Ambassadours by the Name of Master of the Ceremonies with the yearly Fee of 200 l. of whom the first was Sir Lewis Lakenor Nor had the King been scarce warm in his Throne when the Lord Cobham and others were arraign'd and convicted of High-Treason for a
Fifty eighth Year of his Age and of his Reign of England the Twenty second and of Scotland the Fifty sixth He had but one Wife viz. Queen Anne of whom before and by her 1. Henry Friderick Stuart Prince of Wales Duke of Cornwal and Rothsey and Earl of Chester born in Scotland Feb. 19. 1593. died Nov. 6. 1612. 2. Robert Stuart born and died very young in Scotland 3. Elizabeth Stuart Queen of Bohemia and Princess Palatine of the Rhine born Aug. 19. 1596. in Scotland died Feb. 13. 1661. 4. Margaret Stuart born in Scotland Decemb 24. 1598. died young 5. Charles Stuart Duke of York and Albany born Novemb. 19. 1600. succeeded his Father 6. Mary Stuart born in England March-1605 died two Years after And 7. Sophia Stuart born in England June 21. 1606. died two days after XXV To his Father his elder Brother being dead succeeded Charles the First of that Name about the Age of Twenty five Years and was proclaim'd King the same Day his Father died The Solemnity of whose Funerals being over the first thing he did was to hasten the coming over of the Queen to whom he was married by Proxy at Paris May 1. and consummated at Canterbury June 13. following Of this Prince it may be truly said He was a Man of Sorrows And yet if there be any thing in History to be named before him it is not that He was less able but their Times better Therefore for the truer understanding of both it is the least Justice we can do His MEMORY to consider under what ill Circumstances He came to the Crown There had follow'd his Father out of Scotland Two Sorts of People the One purely for the Loaves the Other to double the Interest of that Doctrine that had forc'd his Mother out of Her Kingdom who kept himself so long in Pupillage and to which England was not so altogether a Stranger but that they found the Lump leven'd to their hand Some like them calling also themselves the Lord's Ambassadours and pretending a Right from God to Govern every one his Parish and their Assembly the whole Nation Others and those different in Opinions among themselves that would have all Congregations free and independent upon one another Others That held Christ's Personal Reign was at this time to begin upon Earth and therefore would have no other King but King Jesus Besides several others from the first Litter yet every of them desending its Sect by Scripture according to the narrow scantling of their own Interpretations These again meeting with a Purse-proud City a poor Crown and a Gentry that no less affected a Popular Government in the State than themselves did in the Church Both cry up Liberty and inveigh against Tyranny that is whatever they were not themselves And so what wonder of those Consequents that embroil'd the King's Reign The ill Effects of which too many have seen and may perhaps be felt the next Century However the King having summon'd his Parliament to meet at Westminster June 18. aforesaid he told them That at their earnest Entreaty in March 1623. his Father had taken Arms for the recovery of the Palatinate which with the Crown was now devolv'd upon Himself That the Supplies already given held no proportion with the Charge of the Enterprize That the Eyes of all Europe were upon him and a Failure in this his first Attempt would be a Blemish to his futare Honour And therefore desired them if not for His for their Own Reputation to deliver him fairly out of that War wherewith themselves had incumbred him by an expeditious Supply On which the Commons gave Two Subsidies and the Clergy Three and the Parliament by reason of the Plague was adjourn'd to Oxford to be held there Aug. 1. following where the King briefly acquaints them with his Wants in order to the design 's Expedition They on the other hand petition against Popish Recusants and receive from him a satisfactory Answer but instead of a Supply debate a Remonstrance of Grievances to be first redress'd before a Supply given So that not agreeing who should be first trusted the King or Themselves the Parliament was dissolv'd and another summon'd to meet at Westminster the next 6th of February The Candlemas Day before which the King was solemnly Crown'd But here also the King met no better success than he had in his first For the Commons began where they left at Oxford with Religion and Grievances And to add to it it fell unfortunately that the Earl of Bristal being under restraint the King had sent him no Writ of Summons to the Parliament whereupon he petitions the Peers That being a Peer of the Realm he had not receiv'd a Writ of Summons and therefore pray'd the Benefit of his Peerage and that if any Charge were against him he might be Tried in Parliament Upon which and the Request of the Peers his Writ was sent him with a Letter from the Lord Keeper That though his Majesty had awarded him the Writ yet 〈◊〉 was his Pleasure that his Personal Attendance should be forborn This Letter the Earl sent to the Lords with a second Petition beseeching to be heard both as to his wrongful Restraint and what he had to say Against the Duke of Buckingham This alarm'd the Duke whom the Commons already beheld with no good Eye and therefore to begin with him first the Duke prevails with the King to command the Attorney-General to Common him to the Lord's Barr as a Delinquent where he appear'd May 1. and was by Mr. Attorney charg'd with Eleven Articles of High-Treason But before they were read the Earl said My Lords I am a Free-man and a Peer of the Realm unattainted I have somewhat of high Consequence to his Majesty's Service and beseech your Lordships to give me leave to speak The Lords bade him go on Then said he I accuse that Man the Duke of Buckingham of High-Treason And immediately presented Twelve Articles against him After which the Articles against the Earl being read and himself committed to the Black-Rod the House order'd That the King's Charge against the Earl should be first proceeded on before that of the Earl against the Duke And now the Ice thus broken the Common by eight of their own Members sent up Thirteen Articles of high Offences and Misdemeanours against the Duke which he answer'd with so much modesty that it much abated the Heat that many had against him And in regard the matters charged had been transcted in King James's time he claim'd the Benefit of the Pardon of the Twenty first of King James and the present King's Coronation Pardon On which the Commons thus dâ—â—appointed having prepared a Declaration of the same nature with their Impeachment the Parliament was dissolv'd by Commission June 14. 1626. and no Supply given By which means the Relief then setting forth for Rochel staid so late in the Year that they were dispers'd with ill Weather and forc'd to return without doing
which in contempt of one of its Members was call'd Praise God Barebone's Parliament and they held it 'till December the same Year 4. From that time it was in the hands of Cromwel with the Title of Lord Protector 'till September 1658. 5. After him his Son Richard had it as Successor to his Father 'till he was turn'd out by the Army in April 1659. and then for a Fortnight together it lay no-where 6. The May following the Rump got it again and held it 'till they were turn'd out by Lambert the same Year And here also for some time together it lay no-where 'till 7. The Council of Officers erected A Committee of Safety with like Supremacy and they held it 'till General Monck having declar'd for restoring the Rump Lambert march'd against him but being deserted by his Army Fleetwood writes to the Speaker Lenthal to desire him and the rest of the Members to return to the Exercise of their Trust And the General on the other hand having put his into such hands as favour'd his Design march'd towards London 8. On this the Rump resumes the Government Decemb. 26. and by a Letter of Thanks to Monck acknowledge the Restitution to their Authority was to be acknowledged to his Fidelity Case and Courage And yet he had not been long in Town ere they began to grow jealous of him and therefore for fear he might joyn with the City who had now declar'd they would pay no more Taxes 'till the Parliament were fill'd up they sent him into the City to break down their Gate c. which he accordingly did return'd his Army to their Quarters about Westminster and receiv'd the Thanks of the House Yet this did not so satisfie the Jealousie of a Commonwealth but that they press'd the Oath of Abjaration of the Royal Family to him which he took time to consider of But the next Morning march'd his Army into the City and joyn'd with them for having the House fill'd up 9. On this the Members that had been secluded the House in 1648. were restor'd Feb. 21. 1659. and they having constituted General Monck Captain General of all the Forces in the Three Kingdoms annull'd the former Council of State and appointed another and abrogated the Engagement and Oath of Abjuration dissolv'd themselves March 17. But before their rising sent out Writs for New Elections to meet April 25. 1660. In the mean time the Rumpers ply the General with their last effort and proffer him the Supreme Command of the Kingdoms as a single Person Which he answered to this purpose That for that matter it was submitted to the coming-Parliament nor should it be said of him That â—e bad run foul of that Rock on which Cromwel â—ad so lately split himself The Day being come the Lords as well as â—he Commons met in their respective Houses when having each of them received a Letter from his Majesty with a Declaration inclos'd the Lords resolv'd by Vote That they declare That according to the ancient and fundamental Constitution of this Kingdom the Government is and ought to be by King Lords and Commons To which the Commons agreed and each of them dispatch'd their several Answers â—o the said Letters superscribed To the King 's most Excellent Majesty And having caus'd Him to be solemnly proclaim'd May 8. they sent six Lords and twelve of the Commons to attend his Majesty and desire his return to the Exercise of his Kingly Office Which â—he accordingly did and landed at Dover the 25th and rode through London to Whitebal the 29th being his Birth Day and Thirtieth Year of his Age. Thus by the Conduct of one Man with a raw Army of not above Six Thousand was the Monarchy delivered from a Twelve Years Usurpation defended by at least Sixty Thousand Veterans strengthened with most of the Alliances of Europe and which adds to â—it without Blood a Stratagem perhaps not yet extant in History He was the Great Grandson of Sir Thomas Monck of Potheridge in the County of Devon by Frances one of the Daughters and Coheirs of Arthur Plantegenet Viscount Lisle of whom before in memory of which the King created him Duke of Albemarle Earl of Torrington Baron Monck of Potheridge Beauchamp and Teyes And so being come to our own Times is may seem needless to add further saving that the King was Crown'd April 23. 1661. and died of an Apoplexy Feb. 6. 1684. His only Wife and Relict was Catharine Daughter of John IV. King of Portugal now living by whom he had no Issue XXVII To King Charles II. succeeded his Brother James Duke of York c. who upon his first coming to the Crown profess'd Himself a Catholick with this Displeasure nevertheless That he could not alter the Religion as it was by Law establish'd He together with his Queen were Crown'd April 23. 1685. Nor was that scarce over when Two Rebellions the one in Scotland the other in the West of England broke out upon him and were defeated In the Year 1688. he publish'd A Declaration for Liberty of Conscience so far as it disturb'd not the Peace of the Kingdom Which so heated the People who yet had all along CONTENDED for it that having sent his Queen and young SON into France he follow'd Them not long after His first Wife was Anne Daughter of Sir Edward Hide Earl of Clarendon c. Lord Chancellor of England who died before he came to the Crown by whom he had Four Sons 1. Charles Stuart Duke of Cambridge born Octob. 22. 1660. died May 5. 1661. 2. James Stuart Duke of Cambridge born July 12. 1663. died June 20. 1667. 3. Charles Stuart Duke of Kendal born July 4. 1666. died May 22. 1667. 4. Edgar Duke of Cambridge born Sept 14. 1667. died June 8. 1671. And as many Daughters 1. Marie born April 30. 1662. married to William Henry Prince of Orange who were both Crown'd King and Queen April 11. 1689. The Executive Power in Him 2. Anne born Feb. 6. 1664. married to Prince George of Denmark August 7. 1683. 3. Henrietta born January 13. 1668. died Nov. 15. 1669. 4. Catharine born Feb. 9. 1670. died Decemb 5. 1671. His Second Wife Mary d'Este Daughter of Alphonso d'Este III. Duke of Modena Crown'd as before and had Issue by her Two Daughters 1. Catharine born Novemb. 7. 1674. died Octob. 3. 1675. 2. Isabel born Aug. 28. 1676. liv'd not long AND 1. Charles Duke of Cambridge born Nov. 7. 1667. died Decemb. 12. following c. Of the Augmentations of the Family of ENGLAND § VIII ITS First was when William the Conquerour joyn'd Normandy to the Crown of England 1066. Henry II. Conquer'd Ireland and in like manner united it 1172. Edward I. Wales 1283. Edward II. in Right of his Wife Isabel Daughter of Philip the Fair King of France brought in Aquitain and Ponticu And in the same Right Edward III. took upon him the Title of King of France and was the first of the English Kings that
his Astronomical Observations He had great Wars with the Swede till the Year 1570. In 1574. he began to build Cromenburg and two Years after open'd an University at Sora. He likewise highly adorned and advanc'd the Order of the Elephant His Queen was the Princess Sophia of Meckeburg By whom he had these following Sons and Daughters 1. Elizabeth born 1573. Married to Henry Julius Duke of Brunswick 1590. Deceased 1627. 2. Anne born 1574. given in Marriage to James King of Scotland and afterwards of Great Britain on the 20th of Aug. 1590. Deceased March the 2d 1618. 3. Augusta born 1580. Married to Adolph Duke of Holstein Gottorp Deceased 1629. 4. Hedewig born 1581. and Married Christianus the Second Elector of Saxony she departed this Life 1602. The Sons were 1. Christian the Fourth born 1577. 2. Ulrick Bishop of Sleswick Deceased 1624. And 3. John born 1583. who went into Muscovy where in hopes of succeeding to that Crown he Married the Princess Alexia but being seiz'd by an Apoplexy dyed without Issue An. 1602. Christian the Fourth was elected King at the Age of Thirteen his Father being yet living who having his thoughts on War tho' in time of Peace gave Orders for the raising several Fine Fortifications namely Christianstadt in Schonen Christiania in Norway Christianople in Bleking Gluckstadt upon the Elbe and Christian-Presk in Holstein He was engaged in several great Wars as first with the Swede then with Count Schaumburg a second time with the Swede in 1611. followed by a Peace in 1613. Then with the Emperour in 1625. on behalf of the Circle of the Lower-Saxony by whose Forces he was defeated in a Battel fought not far from Lutheram Bohrenburg then again with the Swede in 1643 at which time he had various Success till at length a Peace was concluded with 'em at the Town of Bremsbroe in the Year 1648. In 1618. he set out a Fleet for the Isle of Zeilan in the East-Indies the first that ever sailed from Denmark for those Parts which returned Freighted with Spice The Partner of his Bed and Fortunes was Anne Catharine Daughter of Joachim Frederick Elector of Brandenburg by whom he had Issue 1. Christian born 1603. elected to succeed him but dyed in the Prime of his Age An. 1647. 2. Frederick of whom more in the next Sect. And 3. Ulrick born 1611. deceased in Silesia of a Wound receiv'd by a Musquet-shot An. 1631. Besides these he had many natural Children namely John Ulrick of Guldenlow by a certain Lady named Catharina Andraea As also Christian Woldemar Earl of Hilstein Deceased at Lublin in the Swedish Service against the Poles An. 1656. Frederica Sophia Married to Christian Earl of Penzen Councellor of State Frederica Eleanora Married to Cornifitz Count d' Ulfeldt the King 's chief Taster deceased 1684. Frederica Elizabeth given in Marriage to John de Lindenau Councellor of State Christina to Hannibal a Geestadt Governour of Norway Frederica Hedewig espous'd to Ebbo d' Uhlefeldt And Dorothy who changed her Religion and took the Habit of a Nun Which Seven were born him by Madam Catharine Munkin Last of all by Madam de Wibiken he was Father of Ulrick Christianus de Guldenlow deceased 1661. And Elizabeth Married to Nicholas Count d' Ahlefeldt 9. VI. Frederick the Third Bishop of Bremen being beaten out of his Bishoprick by the Swede was after his Father and Brother Christian's Decease elected King of Denmark and Norway in the Year 1648. He discover'd Count Uhlefeldt's Conspiracy And had War with the English as also with the Swede till a Peace was made at Roschild 1654. But the War breaking out a fresh the next Year Copenhagen was besieged by the Swedes and Tuyen recovered by the Danes When a Peace was again concluded in 1666. In his Reign the constitution of the Government was altered and of an elective Monarchy made Hereditary His Queen was Sophia Amalia Daughter of George Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg by whom he had Issue as followeth 1. Christian the Fifth the present King of Denmark 2. Anna Sophia born 1647. and married in 1666. to John George the Third Elector of Saxony 3. Frederica Amalia born 1648. and married in 1667. to Christian Albert Duke of Sleswick 4. Wilhelmina Ernestina born 1650. the now Relict of Charles late Elector Palatine 5. George who crossing the Seas went for England where he married the Princess Anne Daughter of James Duke of York since King of England on the 28th of July 1683. by whom he has had many Children but all Daughters and short lived However in Aug. last this present Year 1689. she was at length brought to Bed of a Prince the Joy and Hopes of the English Nation 6. Ulrica Eleanora born 1656 and married to Charles the Eleventh the present King of Sweden May the 16th 1680. Besides these he left a natural Son Ulrick Frederick Count de Guldenlow the now Governour of Norway who by a certain noble Lady is Father of Woldemar Baron of Lowenthal a Colonel in the Danish Forces Afterwards he took to Wife Antonia Augusta Daughter of Anthony Count Oldenburg in the Year 1677. by whom he has many Children and amongst the rest Frederick Christianus As for the Good King he departed this life Feb. the 9th 1670. § VII And now for Christian the present King his Son and Sucessor born 1645. who in short has had sharp Wars with Sweden Has Imprisoned his Chancellor Greiffenfield for life Sat down before Hamburgh but was forced to raise his Siege Has restored the Danobrogick Order of Knighthood Has surrendred the Dutchy of Sleswick to the Duke of Holstein and is married to Charlotte Daughter of William Landtgrave of Hesse by whom he has Issue a fair Race of Princes viz. 1. Frederick born Oct. the 21st 1671. 2. Christianus Oct. the 18th 1675. 3. Sophia Hedewig Aug. the 28th 1677. 4. Christiana Charlotte Jan. the 18th 1679. 5. Charles Oct. the 25th 1680. And 6. William 1687. Of the Augmentation of the Regal Family § VIII AFter it had been enacted in the Reign of Queen Margaret that for the future Denmark Sweden and Norway should be Governed by the same Prince Christianus the First Earl of Oldenburg became possessed of these Three Kingdoms by Right of Election that is to say first of Denmark to which appertained Jutlandt Zelandt Tuyen Schonen Halland Bleking Temeren Bornholm Alsen Lang-Landt Lalandt Hyen c. secondly â—f Norway and its Dependencies to which â—â—so belonged the Isles of Orkney and Iseland â—â—irdly of Sweden together with both the Sothlands Lapland Finland and other its appurtenances In the Year 1459. Christianus he First bought the Earldom or County of Holstein for three and thirty Thousand Florins 〈◊〉 1474. the County of Holstein was erected into a Dutchy of the sacred Roman Empire Upon the Death of Adolph Duke of Sleswick that Dutchy as held in Fee fell to the Crown Christian the Third bought the Isle of Oesel and Lordship of Auron in Livonia where
an Earldom together with his natural Daughter Theresia to Wife nevertheless with this condition that he should continue a Vassal to Castile This Prince's Son was Alphonso the First who throwing off the Spanish Yoak and having subdued several petty Kings of the Moors caused himself to be Proclaimed King of Portugal about the Year 1139. And departed this Life 1185. leaving for his Successor Sanctius the First Father of Alphonso the Second who died in the Year 1223. and was succeeded by Sanctius the Second who dying without Issue in the Year 1246. the Crown fell to his Brother Alphonso the Third This Alphonso had Algarve given him in Dowry with his Queen the Princess Beatrix Daughter of Alphonso the Tenth King of Castile and was Father of Denys of whose eminent Vertues and great Actions the Pertuguese to this day relate Wonders It was he that Founded the University of Coimbra and died in the Year 1325. His Son was Alphonso the Fourth who begat Peter or Pedro Father of Ferdinand King of Portugal who after many bloody Engagements with the Moors ended his days without Issue in the Year 1333. § II. Hereupon followed an Interregnum of almost two Years continuance when by the unanimous consent of all the Nobility John the Bastard natural Son of Peter mentioned in the precedent Section was Proclaim'd King and had Issue 1. Henry born 1401. 2. Peter Duke of Coimbra put to death by his Nephew King Alphonso the Fifth in the Year 1449. 3. Ferdinand taken Prisoner by those of Barbary and carried into Africk where he died 1443. 4. Henry who first discovered the Madera Island in 1420. and died 1460. 5. Alphonso the Bastard Duke of Braganza a natural Son deceased 1461. Edward the Eldest who succeeded in the Throne married Eleanor Daughter of Ferdinand King of Castile and died of the Plague in the Year 1438. leaving Issue Two Sons 1. Alphonso the Fifth born 1432. And 2. Ferdinand Infant of Portugal and Duke of Visco deceased 1470. Alphonso the Fifth at his Father's death ascended the Throne and had sharp and frequent Wars with the Moors as also with Ferdinand the Catholick King of Castile His Death bears date 1481. at which time he was succeeded by his Son 1. John the Second who notwithstanding he had taken his Cousin-Germain the Lady Eleanor Daughter of Ferdinand Duke of Visco to be his Queen yet had he no Issue that out-liv'd him his only Son Alphonso coming to an accidental Death in the Year 1491. whereas himself Surviv'd till 1495. Look we back therefore to Ferdinand Duke of Visco and his Posterity whose Male Issue were 1. James Duke of Visco put to death in the Year 1484. by his Cousin-Germain King John the Second 2. Emanuel 1469. § III. This Emanuel after the Death of King John the Second was Crowned King of Portugal in the Year 1495. He expelled the Moors out of his Countries and obliged the Jews to profess the Christian Faith He subdued great part of the East-Indies and planted Brasil with Colonies from Portugal His first Queen was Isabel Daughter to his Catholick Majesty Ferdinand King of Spain His second Mary Isabella's Sister And his last Eleanor Daughter of Philip the First King of Spain married afterwards to Francis the First King of France By the first Lady he had Issue only one Son Prince Michael who had he liv'd wou'd have Heired all the Spanish Territories But by the second and third Venture 1. John the Third the no less happy Successor of a Fortunate Father born 1502. married to Catharine Daughter of Philip the First King of Spain by whom he had Issue John Infant of Portugal deceased before his Father who died not till the Year 1557. At which time there was surviving of the Body of John Infant of Portugal by Joan his Wife Daughter of Charles the Fifth Emperour and King of Spain Prince Sebastian a Child about Three Years of Age born 1554. who succeeded his Grand-Father John the Third in the Kingdom of Portugal This unfortunate Prince some Years after making a descent upon Africk perished there with his whole Army Aug. the 4th 1578. 2. Isabella born 1503. married to Charles the Fifth Emperor and King of Spain 1526. deceased 1593. 3. Henry born 1512 promoted to a Red-Hat 1546. And afterwards upon the most unhappy death of his Nephew Sebastian to be King of Portugal but died 1580. 4. Edward Infant of Portugal born 1515. deceased 1540. whose Wife was Isabel Daughter of James Duke of Braganza by whom he had Issue Catharine married to John Duke of Braganza whose Grandson became afterwards possessed of the Crown of Portugal as will appear in the next Section 5. Lewis Infant of Portugal deceased 1555. leaving only a natural Son called Antonio who upon the death of his Uncle Henry was elected King 15 But being in the same Year beat out of his Country by Philip the Second King of Spain fled into France and ended his days at Paris An. 1595. § IV. Thus fell the Government into the hands of the Spaniards for Philip the Second partly because he was Son of Isabella Daughter of Emanuel King of Portugal and partly because he had married Mary Daughter of John the Third on these Pretences made himself Master of the Kingdom by force of Arms in the Year 1580. Nevertheless 't was again lost by his Grandson in the Year 1640. for the Portuguese actually rejecting the Spanish Yoak elected John Duke of Braganza to be their King This Prince born March 19. 1604. was descended of the Posterity of Alphonso the first Duke of Braganza who was natural Son of John the First King of Portugal as you may see by looking back to the second Section Numb 5. And his Grand-mother was Catharine Daughter of Edward Infant of Portugal mention'd by us in the precedent Section Numb 4. He governed the State of Portugal from 1640. till 1656. in which Year he departed this Life Nov. 6. His Queen was Donna Lucia Daughter of John Emanuel Perez de Gusman Duke of Medina Sidonia who bore him Issue as followeth 1. Theodosius Infant of Portugal deceased 1653. 2. Catharine born at Villa Vicosa Nov. 15. O. S. 1638. and espoused at Portsmouth by His late Majesty King Charles the Second in the Month of May 1662. 3. Alphonso the Sixth born 1643. who under the Regency of his Mother had sharp Wars with the Spaniards with whom at length he concluded a Peace in the Year 1668. In 1667. he took to Wife the Lady Mary Frances Elizabeth Daughter of Charles Amadeus de Savoy Duke of Nemours who after sixteen Months living with him procured a Divorce and retired to a Cloyster In 1668. he was deposed as judged incapable either of a second Marriage or the Government and sent the Year following to the Tercera Island where he ended his days 1683. 4. Peter born 1648. who upon his Brother Alphonso's being Deposed in 1668. was made first Regent and after his death King of Portugal By a
OBSERVATIONS Historical and Genealogical IN WHICH The Originals of the EMPEROR KINGS ELECTORS And other the Sovereign Princes of Europe WITH A Series of their Births Matches more Remarkable Actions and Deaths AS ALSO The Augmentations Decreasings and Pretences of each Family are drawn down to the Year MDCXC Written in Latin by Anthony William Schowart History-Professor at Francfort And now made English with some Enlargements relating to ENGLAND LONDON Printed for J. Walthoe in Vine Court Middle-Temple adjoyning to the Cloisters MDCXCIII To the much Honoured EDWARD SAYER Of the Middle-Temple Esq SIR A Dedication from its frequent usage is now grown as it were so absolutely necessary that a Book without One may be said to be much in the same Circumstances as a Child without a Parent to own it or at least a Godfather to answer for it A Prescription for it may be pleaded beyond the Aera of Printing even from the first use of Letters and the very Infancy of Learning This may Warrant it in general but my own many Obligations exact this publick way in particular of expressing my grateful acknowledgments to you which I must confess nevertheless are at best but a very unsuitable and indifferent Retribution I shall say little here in relation to this Alien which I have ventur'd to Naturalize nor of you whom I have chose to Patronize it I am sensible a true Gentleman bates a nauseous piece of Flattery and would not much care for a Recital even of those modest Encomium's he is known to deserve If he may merit your Esteem and the Book 's Commendations may balance its Errors it will be a sufficient Recompence and Satisfaction to the Translator Such as it is I have ventur'd to submit it to Censure requesting your Protection and Patronage which favour will strictly engage me to be in the highest regard Honoured Sir Your most Obliged and most Humble Servant C. B. Feb. 6. 169â— THE PREFACE MEeting sometime since with this Book in Latin I thought it well worth my Money did it but answer its Title Page and finding my self upon the Perusal not much disappointed I resolved to turn it into English for the benefit of such as might not perhaps understand the Latin and yet be no less curious than my self to be Inform'd of the Matters contained therein Since by being Instructed in the Genealogies the Matches the Increments and the Decrements of all the Families in Europe together with the many Pretences that arise from thence which is chiefly the Subject of the ensuing Discourse they will in all probability be the better enabled to judge of the different Interests which have engaged almost all the Princes of Europe in a War the Event whereof so much concerns this Nation and consequently is the general Topick of Discourse I shall not here pretend to give an Account of the many Advantages which may be drawn from the Knowledge of History and how necessary a Qualification 't is for a Gentleman since to say all One ought on that subject would swell this Preface to a Bulk disproportionate to the Treatise it self which pretends to no more than a Compendium Yet since 't is probable the Reader would gladly know somewhat of the Author thereof the best account that can be given of him is from Himself and Book In order to which he lets you know in his Epistle Dedicatory That he is a Professor in the University at Franckfort and that the Book was the first Fruits of his Office It having been read as Lectures or a Compendious Introduction to the Genealogy and History of the present Princes of Europe for the benefit of the Students there and since Printed to be rendred more publickly useful The Method he has taken herein is Easie and Plain the Genealogical Observations are exact and the Historical as full of Matter as the nature of his design would bear Not but that having laboured in a Soyl capable of mighty Improvements as to the last if this first Impression find that kind Reception as may be expected it may incourage the Translator or some Other to resume the Work and by engrafting on his Stock bring the Growth to a greater Perfection an Essay whereof you already have in the English House In the mean time the Book as it now stands is of good Use and may merit a favourable Reception as well from the most Learned as from the Ignorant For altho' the former may be supposed to be already acquainted with what is contained herein yet it will always serve them as a Summary or Common Place And tho' the latter will not be rendered thorough-paced Historians hereby yet will it give them a general Insight into the modern Story of Europe together with a curiosity of being farther Informed There is one thing more I thought fit to acquaint the Reader withal which is That in the Latin Copy amongst King James the Second's Children there is one mentioned and called The Prince of Wales but the late Licenser Mr. Bohun having expunged Him the Translator could not by the Warrant of the Latin Original presume to insert Him A Series of the several Families contained in this BOOK CHAP I. OF the House of Austria Pag. 1 Of the Spanish Line Pag. 12 Of the German Line Pag. 16 Of its Augmentations or Increasings Pag. 27 Of its Losses or Decreasings Pag. 29 Of its Pretensions Pag. 31 CHAP. II. Of the House of France Pag. 32 Of the Line of Valois Pag. 40 Of the Line of Bourbon Pag. 53 Of its Augmentations or Increasings Pag. 62 Of its Losses or Decreasings Pag. 64 Of its Pretensions Pag. 66 CHAP. III. Of the House of England Pag. 67 Of its Augmentations or Increasings Pag. 191 Of its Losses or Decreasings Pag. 192 CHAP. IV. Of the House of Denmark Pag. 193 Of the Augmentations or Increasings of the Line Royal Pag. 206 Of its Losses or Decreasings Pag. 207 Of its Pretensions Pag. 209 Of the Ducal Line of Holstein Pag. ibid. Of the Branch of Sunderburg Pag. ibid. Of the Branch of Nordburg Pag. 211 Of the Branch of Glucksburg Pag. 212 Of the Branch of Ploen Pag. 213 Of the Ducal Line of Sleswick Pag. 214 CHAP. V. Of the House of Sweden Pag. 216 Of its Augmentations or Increasings Pag. 221 Of its Losses or Decreasings Pag. 222 CHAP. VI. Of the House of Portugal Pag. 223 Of is Augmentations or Increasings Pag. 229 Of its Losses or Decreasings Pag. 230 CHAP. VII Of the Palatine-Bavarian House Pag. 231 Of the Palatine Line in particular Pag. 233 Of the Line of Neuburg Pag. 255 Of the Branch of Sutzbach Pag. 259 Of the Line of Deux-Ponts or Zweybrucken Pag. 260 Of the Branch of Birkenfeldt Pag. 264 Of the Bavarian Line Pag. 266 Of its Augmentations or Increasings Pag. 279 Of its Losses or Decreasings Pag. 281 Of its Pretensions Pag. 282 CHAP. VIII Of the House of Saxony both Electoral and Ducal Pag. 283 Of the Ernestine Line Pag. 286 Of the Branch
of Weymar Pag. 293 Of the Branch of Gotha Pag. 296 Of the Albertine Line Pag. 300 Of its Augmentations or Increasings Pag. 312 Of its Losses or Decreasings Pag. 313 Of its Pretensions Pag. ibid. CHAP. IX Of the House of Brandenburg Pag. 314 Of the Line Electoral Pag. 320 Of the Line of Franconia Pag. 335 Of its Augmentations or Increasings Pag. 343 Of its Losses or Decreasings Pag. 347 Of its Pretensions Pag. 348 CHAP. X. Of the House of Brunswick and Lunenburg Pag. 349 Of the old Line of Brunswick or Wolfenbuttel Pag. 358 Of the Line of Lunenburg or Zell Pag. 365 Of the new Line of Brunswick or Wolfenbuttel Pag. 372 Of the Line of Zell and Hanouer Pag. 375 Of its Augmentations or Increasings Pag. 380 Of its Losses or Decreasings Pag. 383 Of its Pretensions Pag. ibid. CHAP. XI Of the House of Hesse Pag. 384 Of the Line of Cassel Pag. 397 Of the Line of Darmstadt Pag. 393 Of the Branch of Homburg Pag. 399 Of its Augmentations or Increasings Pag. 400 Of its Decreasings and Pretensions Pag. 402 CHAP. XII Of the House of Mecklenburg Pag. 403 Of the Line of Swerin Pag. 409 Of the Line of Custrow Pag. 411 Of its Augmentations or Increasings Pag. 413 CHAP. XIII Of the House of Wirtenburg Pag. 414 Of the Line Regent of Stugard Pag. 417 Of the Line of Mompelgard Pag. 421 Of the Line of Silesia or Oelss Pag. ibid. Of its Augmentations or Increasings Pag. 423 Of its Losses or Decreasings Pag. ibid. CHAP. XIV Of the House of Baden Pag. 422 Of the Line of Baden-Baden Pag. 428 Of the Line of Durlach Pag. 431 Of its Augmentations or Increasings Pag. 436 Of its Losses or Decreasings Pag. 437 CHAP. XV. Of the House of Anhalt and Sax-Lawenburg Pag. 438 Of the Line of Dessaw Pag. 442 Of the Line of Bernbourg Pag. 445 Of the Line of Plotzkow Pag. 447 Of the Line of Servestan Pag. 448 Of its Augmentations or Increasings Pag. 449 Of its Losses or Decreasings Pag. 450 CHAP. XVI Of the House of Nassau and Orange Pag. 451 Of the Line of Siege Pag. 454 Of the Line of Dillenburg Pag. 456 Of the Line of Dietz Pag. 457 Of the Line of Hadamar Pag. 458 CHAP. XVII Of the House of Lorrain Pag. 460 CHAP. XVIII Of the House of Tuscany or Florence Pag. 465 CHAP. XIX Of the House of Savoy Pag. 367 CHAP. XX. Of the House of Mantua Pag. 471 CHAP. XXI Of the House of Parma and Piacenza Pag. 473 CHAP. XXII Of the House of Modena Pag. 474 CHAP. XXIII Of the House of Courland Pag. 476 OBSERVATIONS Historical and Genealogical CHAP. I. Of the Genealogy of the House of Austria § I. BEing to give a Genealogical Account of all the Soveraign Princes now flourishing in Europe 't will be but just to begin with the House of Austria as being of the First Dignity Which as it owes its Original without doubt to the Earls of Habsburg so in tracing the Pedigree of those Earls most Genealogists are at a loss As for us we shall not doubt to derive 'em from the Counts of Mont-Aventine of the Anician Perleonian Family which was formerly of the greatest Repute and Authority of any in Rome and had its Seat on Mont-Aventine being chiefly induc'd thereunto by the Arguments us'd by Pet. Lambechius in his Comment de Biblioth Caesar lib. 2. c. 6. In the Twelfth Century there flourish'd in this Family one Leo Anicius Perleonius Count of Mont-Aventine whose Epitaph may be read in Cardinal Baronius's Ecclesiastical Annals ad Annum MC XL. He was descended in a direct Line from the Emperour Flavius Anicius Olybrius and in the Title to his Epitaph is styled The most Noble of the Romans His Son was Peter Leo Anicius Perleonius Count of Mont-Aventine whose Epitaph may be likewise found in the same Ecclesiastical Annals Tom. 12. ad Annum MC XLIV This Peter begat leo Maximus Anicius Perleonius who died in 1162. witness his Epitaph which may be seen to this day before St. Alexius his Church on Mont-Aventine in Rome and is recited by Arnoldus Wion in the First Part of his Lignum Vitae sive Histor Ord. Benedict as likewise by Johan Seifrid Abbot of Wethalen in his Arbor Aniciana lib. 1. c. 8. His Son was Albertus Dives Anicius Perleonius who was driven out of Rome in 1144. by the Arnaldastick Hereticks together with his Brother Rudolph in defence of the Roman See whereupon he travell'd into Switzerland and there married the Daughter of Wernerus last Earl of Habsburg of the Family of Altenburg and by that means became the first Earl of Habsburg of the Anician Perleonian Race See Abbot Seifrid Loc. Cit. c. 12. and lib. 3. Epist Dedicator Whence this Wernerus drew his Extraction the brevity of our present Design will not permit us to discourse those that wou'd be inform'd in that particular may consult amongst others the famous Philip James Spenerus in his Oper. Herald lib. 1. c. 9. § 62. 'T is sufficient for us to know that Albertus Dives Anicius was great Grandfather to Rudolph the fourth Earl of Habsburg and first German Emperour of the Anician Perleonian Family See the Patent of the Emperour Rudolph publish'd and cited by John Stumphius in his Hist Helv. lib. 7. c. 12. His Father was Albert surnam'd The Wise Earl of Habsburg his Mother Hedewig Countess of Kyburn and his Grandfather Rudolph surnam'd The Silent Son of Albertus Dives Anicius Perleonius Earl of Habsburg § II. Rudolph the First whom we shall here set down as the Common Father of the House of Austria was born May 1. 1218. and brought up in the Court of the Emperour Frederick the Second Afterwards made Lord High Mareschal in the Court of Ottocar King of Bohemia Returning home he enter'd on the Government of his own Hereditary Provinces and had frequent Wars with his Neighbours In 1273. he was chosen Emperour by the unanimous Consent of the Princes of the Empire and Crown'd the same Year at Aix la Chappelle But when Ottocar King of Bohemia refus'd him Homage he had a sharp War with him to force him to it Moreover he freed Germany from Robbers had Austria setled on his eldest Son Albert and Schwaben on Rudolph in 1282. at a Dyet then held at Ausburg introduc'd the use of the Teutonick both in publick Acts and private Contracts alienated the Cities of Florence Genoua and Luca from the Empire and declar'd 'em Free States And last of all ended his Days at Germershelm July 15. 1291. having had fifteen Children by his Empress Anne who was Daughter to the Earl of Hohenberg The Daughters were 1. Jutta married to Wenceslaus King of Bobemia and Poland deceased 1292. 2. Clementia to Charles Martell King of Hungary deceased 1295. 3. Maud to Lewis Elector Palatine deceased 1304. 4. Margaret to Diderick Earl of Cleves by some omitted 5. Agnes to Albert the second Duke of Saxony deceased 1311. 6. Hedewig to Otho Marquess of Brandenburg
Matthias King of Hungary In his Reign PRINTING was first found out the League of Schwaben confirm'd and Constantinople taken by the Turks His Empress was Eleanor Daughter to Edward King of Portugal who bore him five Children whereof Christopher John and Helena died in their Infancy The two that surviv'd were Cunigunda given in Marriage to Albert the Fourth Duke of Bavaria and Maximilian the First in whom the House of Austria was preserv'd was born at Naples in the Year 1459. From his Infancy he pronounc'd his Words with so much difficulty that he was judged by most little better than dumb which Imperfection he so far master'd in the end that he became famous for his Eloquence He was of a generous Disposition and a great Lover of learned Men. He was often under very dangerous Circumstances but always surmounted 'em happily in the end In 1486. he was elected King of the Romans his Father Frederick being yet alive He refus'd to be Crown'd by the Pope but pretended to the Papal Dignity himself In short he magnified Justice loved Humility exercised Clemency and took much pains in searching out the Original of his Family In his Reign the Reformation was set on foot by Luther the Imperial Chamber instituted the Empire divided into Circles Vienna restor'd to the House of Austria and Burgundy and the Provinces of the Low Countries annexed to the same Family The Consorts of his Bed and Fortunes were Mary Daughter and sole Heiress of Charles Duke of Burgundy and after her Blanche Mary Daughter of Galeazzo Duke of Milan By the first he had Issue Margaret who after many turns of Fortune was in the end made Governess of the Netherlands and died 1530. And Philip a Prince worthy the noblest Character of whom more immediately in the next Section As for Maximilian being full of Days and Content he piously and peaceably departed this Life on the Twelfth of Jan. 1519. § VII Philip the First styled The Delight of Mankind first saw the Light in 1478. At three Years old he was installed Knight of the Golden Fleece At seventeen his Father gave him the Government of the Low Countries and Burgundy In 1496. he married the Princess Johanna eldest Daughter and Heiress of his Catholick Majesty Ferdinand King of Spain in whose Right he became immediately possess'd of the Kingdoms of Arragon and Castile But he was not long to preside over so many and so great Provinces being taken off by an untimely death in the Year 1506. and the 28th of his Age nevertheless having first seen himself Father of a fair Issue by his most beloved Consort Queen Joan. The Daughters were 1. Eleanor married first to Emanuel King of Portugal and after his decease to Francis the First King of France 2. Isabella married to Christianus the Second King of Denmark which prov'd a very unhappy Match She died in the Low-Countries An. 1525. 3. Margaret married to Lewis the Infant King of Hungary and after his unhappy death made Governess of the Netherlands 4. Catharine born after her Father's decease betrothed to John Frederick Elector of Saxony but afterwards married to John the Third King of Portugal His Sons were Charles the Fifth and Ferdinand the First betwixt which two Princes there was a Division of the Provinces whence the House of Austria became likewise divided into the Spanish and German Lines And first for the Spanish Of the Spanish Line § VIII THe Author whereof was Charles the Fifth born at Gaunt in Flanders in 1500. At fourteen Years old he had the Government of the Netherlands given him at sixteen he was Crown'd King of Spain at nineteen elected Emperour and Crown'd the Year following at Aix la Chapelle In 1521. he held his first Dyet at Wormes He had very great Wars with Francis the First King of France whom he defeated and made Prisoner in the Year 1525. He likewife seized Rome and besieged the Pope in his Castle there and annexed the Dutchy of Milan for ever to his House In 1532. at a Dyet then held at Ratisbonne the Protestaut Confession of Faith was exhibited and publickly read before him Some Years after he had Wars with the Protestants wherein he took John Frederick Elector of Saxony Prisoner in 1545. and thereupon transferred the Electoral Dignity from him to Maurice Duke of Saxony He likewise caused Philip Landtgrave of Hesse to be put in custody yet in the end concluded the Peace of Passaw with those of that Religion in 1552. Three Years after he abdicated the Government leaving the Empire to his Brother Ferdinand and the Kingdom of Spain with the Low-Countries and its other Dependencies to his Son Philip. After his Abdication he retired to a Cloyster in St. Justus's Monastery in Spain where having spent about two or three Years he piously and peaceably ended his days 1558. leaving Issue by Isabel Daughter of Emanuel King of Portugal one Son and two Daughters viz. Mary married to the Emperour Maximilian the Second Joanna to John Infant of Portugal and Philip the Second of whom more in the next Section Besides these he had one natural Daughter named Margaret begotten on Madamoiselle de Plumbes and married to Alexander de Medices Duke of Urbin and after his decease to Octavio Farnesse Duke of Parma As also a Son by Madamoselle de Blomberg namely the most Valiant and Renowned Hero Don John of Austria § IX But to return into our way The only Heir of Charles the Fifth was Philip the Second born 1527. made King of Sicily and Naples 1543. King of England and Ireland in right of his Wife 1554. Lord of the Low-Countries and Duke of Milan 1555. and last of all King of Spain 1556. He obtain'd the famous Victory of St. Quintin over the French but soon after lost Calice to them He was Author of the Spanish Inquisition Moreover he lost seven of the Low-Country Provinces as also the famour Armada sent against the English In 1580. he overcame the Kingdom of Portugal and by force of Arms caused himself to be Crown'd King thereof His first Queen was Mary Daughter to John the Third King of Portugal his second another Mary Daughter to Henry the Eighth King of England and then Queen of that Kingdom his third Isabella or Elizabeth a Daughter of Henry the Second's King of France and his fourth Anne Daughter of the Emperour Maximilian the Second By the first he had Prince Charles born 1565. deceased in Prison 1568. By the third Isabella Clara Eugenia born 1566. married to Albert the Seventh of Austria deceased 1633. and Catharine born 1567. and married to Charles Emanuel Duke of Savoy on the Eleventh of March 1585. By the last a Son of his own Name viz. Philip the Third born 1578. in whose Issue the Spanish Line was continued He succeeded his Father in his Kingdoms in 1598. And in 1610. expelled nine hundred thousand Moors and Jews out of Spain His death bears date 1621. His Queen was Margaret Daughter
to Charles Archduke of Austria who bore him eight Children whereof three died in their Infancy The rest were 1. Anna Maria Mauritia married to Lewis the Thirteenth King of France 1615. deceased July 3. 1640. 2. Mary Anne married to the Emperour Ferdinand the Third 1631. deceased May 13. 1646. 3. Charles a Prince of the Noblest Vertues but taken off by a too untimely Fate 4. Ferdinand Cardinal and Governour of the Netherlands deceased 1641. And 5. Philip the Fourth surnamed Dominicus Victor succeeded his Father in 1621. and took on him the Government at the Age of sixteen He lost the American Plate-Fleet He enter'd into a perpetual Alliance with the States of Holland He concluded the Pyrenaean Peace with the French And in short was an unfortunate Prince during the whole course of his Reign He had two Wives Elizabeth Daughter to Henry the Fourth King of France who bore him seven Children but all of 'em either died young or in their Infancy except Maria Theresia married to Lewis the Fourteenth the present French King in 1660. since deceased July 30. 1683. His second Match was with Mary Anne Daughter to the Emperour Ferdinand the Third by whom he had Issue 1. Margaret Theresia married to Leopold the present Emperour in 1666. deceased March 20. 1673. And 2. Charles the Second the present King of Spain born Nov. 6. 1661. who succeeded in that Kingdom at the death of his Father Philip in the Year 1665. In 1679. he took to Wife Mary Louise Daughter of Philip Duke of Orleans who dying without Issue in 1689. he the same Year married Mariae Anna Daughter of Philip William Elector Palatine the present Queen All which being thus fully explain'd we now come to the German Line Of the German Line § X. PRoceed we therefore to speak of the other Son of Philip the First as Authose of the German Line His Name was Ferdinand born in Spain 1503. Crown'd King of Hungary and Bohemia in right of his Wife 1527. Elected King of the Romans 1531. and Emperour in 1556. He had great Wars with the Turks as also with the Protestants He permitted the Bohemians to Communicate under both kinds His Empress was Anne Daughter to Uladislaus King of Hungary Sister to Lewis the Infant The day of his death happen'd in the Year 1653. and sixtieth of his Age after he had had this following Issue 1. Elizabeth born 1526. married to Sigismund King of Poland 1545. 2. maximilian born Aug. 1. 1527. 3. Anne born 1528. married to Albert the Fifth Duke of Bavaria deceased Octob. 18. 1587. 4. Mary born May 15. 1530. married to William Duke of Juliers 1546. deceased 1584 5. Magdalen profess'd a Nun. 6. Catharine born Sept. 25. 1533. and married to Francis Duke of Mantua and after his decease to Sigismund Augustus King of Poland She died 1572. 7. Ferdinand II. Archduke of Austria born 1534. 8. Eleanor born Nov. 2. 1534. She was married to William Duke of Mantua and died 1604. 9. Margaret another Nun deceased 1566. 10. John born 1538. deceased the Year after 11. Barbara born 1539. married to Alphonso II. Duke of Ferrara 1565. deceased 1572. 12. Charles born June 3. 1540. 13. Ursula deceased an Infant 14. Helena who went into a Nunnery And 15. Joanna born 1547. married to Francis Duke of Florence 1565. deceased 1578. As for the three Sons Maximilian Ferdinand and Charles they had their Father's Territories divided amongst 'em by which division Maximilian obtain'd Hungary Bohemia and Austria Ferdinand had Tyrol and Alsace and Charles Stiria and Carinthia Of these we shall speak a-part in their proper places § XI Maximilian II. was crown'd King of Bohemia Sept. 20. 1562. and of Hungary on Sept. 8. in the following Year He was likewise elected King of the Romans in the aforesaid Year 1562. and Emperour in 64. He was a pious just peaceable Prince and no great Enemy to the Protestants He had Wars with Solyman Emperour of the Turks brought Gunbrachius and his Complices to condign punishment and did by no means approve of the Massacre at Paris He departed this Life at Ratisbonne having had fifteen Children by his Empress Mary Daughter to Charles V. whereof six died young The rest were 1. Anne born 1549. married to Philip II. King of Spain 1570. deceased 1580. 2. Rudolph II. born June 18. 1552. who succeeded his Father in the Empire Octob. 12 1576. and carried on the War with the Port. In 1595. he lost Raab but it was recover'd three Years after by Rudolph Count Swartzburg In 1569. he lost Erla also Kanisa in 1600. and Gran in 1605. He died a Batchellor at Prague Jan. 10. 1612 and left a vast Treasure behind him 3. Ernestus II. born June 15. 1553. And made Governour of the Low-Countries by the King of Spain 1594. which Dignity he scarce enjoy'd a full Year by reason of his death which fell out soon after 4. Elizabeth born 1554 married to Charles IX King of France 1570. deceased June 2 1592. 5. Matthias born 1557. who succeeded his Brother Rudolph in the Empire being elected at Francfort June 13. 1612. On Decemb 4. 1611. he married Anne Daughter to his Uncle Ferdinand Archduke of Austria nevertheless died without Issue 1619. 6. Maximilian III born Octob. 12. 1558. In 1587. he was Crown'd King of Poland but being afterwards defeated and imprisoned by the contrary Faction was forced to quit his Pretensions to that Crown to obtain his Liberty In 1596. he fought a Battel with the Turks not far from Erla where he was routed with his whole Army He was also Grand Master of the Teutonick Order and died in 1620. 7. Albert VII born Nov. 13. 1559. and created Cardinal of the Holy Cross but quitting his Orders was afterwards made Governour of the Netherlands by the King of Spain and married Isabella Clara Eugenia Daughter of Philip II. nevertheless died without Issue July 13. 1621. 8. Wenceslaus Knight of Malta born 1561. deceased Nov. 7. 1578. 9. Margaret a profess'd Nun deceased 1633. aged sixty six § XII The second Son of Ferdinand I. Emperour was Ferdinand II. as was already observ'd a Prince eminent for his Courage who notwithstanding he had many advantageous Matches offer'd him refus'd 'em all and married the Lady Philippina Welseriana Daughter of Free Baron of Xinnenberg by whom he had Issue 1. Andrew Bishop of Brescia and Cardinal deceased Nov. 11. 1600. 2. Charles Marquess of Burgovia deceased without Issue 1618. notwithstanding he had married the Princess Sibilla of Juliers 3. Anne married to the Emperour Matthias at Vienna Decemb. 4. 1611. deceased Decemb. 14. 1618. 4. Anne Catharine a Nun. He had three Children more but they died in their Infancy § XIII Matters thus clear'd we now proceed to speak of Charles third Son of the Emperour Ferdinand I. in whose Issue the Austrian Family in Germany was preserv'd In the division of the Hereditary Provinces aforesaid he had Stiria Carinthia and Carniola for his Patrimony and took to
Wife Mary Daughter of Albert V. Duke of Bavaria who bore him fifteen Children whose Names were as followeth 1. Ferdinand born and dead the same Year viz. 1572. 2. Anne born 1573. married to Sigismund King of Poland 1592. deceased 1598. 3. Maria Christina born 1574. and married to Gabriel Bathor Prince of Transylvania 1595. but getting to be divorced from him return'd home became a Nun and died 1621. 4. Catharina Renata born 1576. deceased a Maid 1595. 5. Elizabeth born 1577. deceased 1586. 6. Ferdinand III. born 1579. of whom more in the next Section 7. Charles born 1579. deceased the Year after 8. Gregoria Maximiliana born 1581. contracted to Philip III. King of Spain but died before the Marriage could be consummated 1597. 9. Eleanor born 1582. She was profess'd a Nun and died 1620. 10. Maximilian IV. a Prince of great Courage born 1583. deceased 1616. 11. Margaret born 1584. married to Philip III. King of Spain 1599 deceased 1611. 12. Leopold IV. born Octob. 9. 1586. elected Bishop of Strasburg and afterwards of Passaw viz. 1607. But being rather of a Martial than Ecclesiastical Temper quitted his Orders by a Dispensation ' from the Pope 1626. took to Wife Claudia Daughter of Ferdinand I. Grand Duke of Tuscany Frederick Ubald Duke of Urbin's Widow and died 1632. leaving Issue 1. Isabella Clara born 1629. married to Charles III. the present Duke of Mantua 1640. deceased 1685. 2. Ferdinand Charles born 1628. In 1646. he married Anne Daughter to Cosmus II. Duke of Florence and died Decemb. 30. 1662. leaving Issue two Daughters viz. 1. Claudia Felicitas born May 30 1653. married to Leopold the now Emperour Octob. 15. 1673. since dead April 8. 1676. 2. Mary Magdalen born 1656. deceased 1669. 3. Sigismund Francis born 1630. elected Bishop of Anopburg 1640. promoted to a Red Hat 1655. and Bishop of Trent four Years after Nevertheless he quitted his Orders by a Dispensation from his Holiness and design'd a Marriage with the Princess Mary Hedewig of the Palatinate but died in 1662. before the consummation thereof 4. Maria Leopoldina born 1632. married to the Emperour Ferdinand III. deceased Aug. 9. 1649. 13. Constance born 1588. married to Sigismund King of Poland 1605. deceased 1631. 14. Mary Magdalen the Wife of Cosmus II. Great Duke of Tuscany born 1589. deceased 1631. And 15. Charles born after his Father's decease in the Year 1590. Elected Bishop of Breslaw in 1608. of Brescia in 1614. and a little after Grand Master of the Teutonick Order He died 1625. § XIV We now return to Ferdinand III. according to our Promise in the last Section Crown'd King of Bohemia June 21. 1617. of Hungary 1618. and the Year following Elected and Crown'd Emperour Aug. 30. at Francfort being the second Emperour of this Name In 1620. he suppress'd the Tumults then raging in Bohemia by force of Arms He also had Wars with the Protestants The Year following he proscribed Frederick V. Elector Palatine and beat him out of his Territories transferring at the same time the Electoral Dignity from him to Maximilian Duke of Bavaria He was twice married first in 1600. to Mary Anne Daughter of William V. Duke of Bavaria and twenty two Years after to Eleanor of Mantua Duke Vincent's Daughter By the first he had two Daughters that lived to be of Age viz. 1. Mary Anne married to Maximilian Elector of Bavaria deceased Septemb. 8. 1665. And 2. Caecilia Renata to Casimire King of Poland She died March 13. 1644. As also two Sons viz. 1. Ferdinand IV. born July 13. 1608. And 2. Leopold William born 1612. Elected Bishop of Strasburg and Passaw In 1643. he was defeated by Torstenson at the Battel of Leipsick and died Novemb. 10. 1661. § XV. Ferdinand IV. who succeeded in the Government of the Empire upon his Father's decease was Crown'd King of Hungary in 1025. of Bohemia in 1627. of the Romans 1636. and last of all Emperour in 1637. by the Name of Ferdinand III. He carried on the War with the Swede In 1639. he lost Brisac In 1648. he restor'd Peace to the Empire by the Instrument of the Peace of Osnaburg He also made a Twenty Years Truce with the Turk but assisted the Pole against the Swede His first Wife was Mary Anne Daughter of Philip III. King of Spain deceased May 13. 1646. His second maria Leopoldina Daughter to the Archduke Leopold V. And his third Eleanora Gonzaga Daughter of Charles Duke of Mantua whom he left a Widow but since dead 1686. Himself departed this Life April 2. 1657. having had Issue by the Princesses aforesaid as follows 1. Ferdinand V. born Sept. 8. 1633. Crown'd King of Bohemia 1646. of Hungary 1647. of the Romans 1653. being the Fourth King of this Name but died the next Year which was the Twenty first of his Age to the great Grief of his Father and all good Men. 2. Mary Anne born Octob. 12. 1634. married to Philip. IV. King of Spain Nov. 7. 1649. The now Dowager of that Kingdom 3. Philip Augustus born 1637. deceased 1639. 4. Maximilian Thomas born 1638. deceased the Year following 5. Leopoldus Ignatius Franciscus Balthasar Josephus Felicianus born June 9. 1640. of whom in the next Section 6. Mary born and dead the same Year viz. 1646. 7. Charles Joseph Bishop of Passaw Grand Master of the Teutonick Order and Bishop of Breslaw born 1649. deceased 1664. 8. Teresa Maria Josepha born 1652. deceased the Year following 9. Eleanor Mary born May 21. 1653. In 1670. she was married to Michael King of Poland and after his decease taken to Wife in 1678. by Charles late Duke of Larrain 10. Mary Anne Josepha born 1654. married to John William Hereditary Prince Palatine Octob. 15. 1678. deceased April 7. 1689. And 11. Ferdinand Aloisius born 1657. deceased the Year following § XVI Leopold VI. but first Emperour of the Name the most Invincible most Powerful and in one word the most happy Emperour of the Romans was inaugurated King of Hungary at Presburg June 27. 1655. Old Style of Bohemia at Prague Aug. 2. 1656. and Emperour at Francfort July 22. 1658. having been elected on the 11th He had War with the Turks from the Year 1661. to 64. at which time a Truce was made with 'em for Twenty Years which not being well observ'd by the Turks the War broke out afresh which by the Divine Assistance has prov'd in a manner fatal to the Ottoman Empire He has also formerly had War with the French before the breaking out of the present In 1666. he married Margaret Teresa Daughter of Philip IV. King of Spain who died March 20. 1673. Whereupon he took to Wife Claudia Felicitas Daughter to the Arckduke Ferdinand Octob. 15. in the same Year But she likewise died April 8. 1676. he proceeded to a third Choice which was Eleanora Magdalen Teresa eldest Daughter of Philip William Duke of Neuburg and Elector Palatine married to him Jan. 6. 1677. or Decemb 14. 1676. By the first Venture he had Issue
1. Ferdinand Wenceslaus born Sept. 28. 1667. deceased Jan. 13. 1668. 2. Maria Antonia Josepha born Jan. 18. 1669. and married to Maximilian Emanuel Elector of Bavaria 1686. or 5. 3. John born and dead the same Year viz. 1670. And 4. Mariana Josepha likewise born and deceased the same Year viz. 1672. By the second he had only two Daughters both short liv'd viz. 1. Anne Mary born and dead the same Year 1674. And 2. Maria Josepha born 1675. deceased the Year following But by the present Empress 1. Joseph James Ignatius John Antony Eustachius the Joy and Hope of his Parents born July 16. O.S. 1678. Crown'd King of Hungary 1688. 2. Mary Elizabeth Licia Teresa Josepha born Decemb. 13. 1680. 3. Leopold Joseph Philip William Francis Anthony Erasmus born 1682. deceased Aug. 4. 1684. 4. Mary Anne Josepha Antonia Regina born Septemb. 7. 1683. 5. Mary Teresa born Aug. 22. 1684. 6. Charles Francis Joseph Wenceslaus Balthasar John Anthony Ignatius born Octob. 1. 1685. O. S. 7. Mary Josepha Collecta Antonia born March 6. 1687. O. S. And 8. Anne Josepha Antonia Magdalen Gabriele March 26. 1689. O. S. Of the Augmentation of this Family § XVII 'T Is to be observ'd of the Earls of Habsburg That they were not simply such but Soveraign Princes also an Argument whereof is their having Noble men for their Tasters and Cup-bearers Moreover about the time of Rudolph they were possess'd of no less than eight several Counties viz. Habsburg Kyburg Baden Lentsburg Thun Reinsfelden Ruppetswiel and Niddow besides the Landtgraveships or Landtgraviates of Alsace Torgaw and the Lesser Burgundy See Spener's Oper. Herald lib. 1. c. 9. Sect. 62. and Sigismund van Berken c. lib. 1. c. 5. pag. 37. Afterwards Rudolph when he came to be Emperour in 1273. held a Dyet at Ausburg in 1282 where by the unanimous Consent of the Princes of the Empire he had Austria Stiria Vinidorum Marchia and Carniola setled on his eldest Son Albert as also Schwaben on Rudolph as a Fee Farm of the Empire then void In 1324. Albert II. had the County of Pfirte in Dowry with his Wife In 1330. Lewis of Bavaria the Emperour mortgag'd Brisac Schaffhuse and Newenburg in Switzerland to the House of Austria for Forty Thousand Crowns and three Years after gave it the Dutchy of Carinthia then without a Prince to be held in Fee of the Empire In 1363. this Family became possess'd of the County of Tyrol by the Donation of Margaret Maultaschen And in 1366. it bought Freiburg in Brifgow for twelve thousand Crowns In 1373. Leopold II. purchased the Earldom of Feldkirchen in Nebelgovia for six and thirty thousand Florens as also Pludentz Sargan and Heiligenberg and had the Government of Schwaben mortgag'd to him by the Emperour Wenceslaus In 1456 the last Count of Cillei being slain that County was claim'd by the House of Austria as part of Stiria In 1476 or 7. Maximilian I. by a Marriage with the Princess Mary Daughter and sole Heiress of Charles the Hardy last Duke of Burgundy became in her right possess'd of the Earldom of Burgundy or Franche Comté and the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands together with a Right to the Dutchy of Burgundy Three Years before this Frederick his Father the Emperour had the County of Goritia or Gortz in Friuli fell to him together with the Cities of Grado Ticect and Zeng on the Adriatick Sea upon the death of the last Count thereof and by right of Agreement to a mutual Succession 'twixt him and that Prince In 1496. Philip I. married Johanna sole Daughter and Heiress of Ferdinand King of Spain and by that Match annexed all Spain the Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily the Islands of Sardinia Majorca Minorca and Malta to the House of Austria In 1527. Ferdinand I. in right of his Wife added the Kingdoms of Hungary and Bobemia with all their Dependencies to the same Family In Charles V.'s Reign there was an Accession of the Dutchy of Milan as a Fief of the Empire then void In 1580. Philip II. partly in pretended right of his Wife and partly by right of Inheritance from his Mother Isabella but chiefty by force of Arms possess'd himself of Portugal as also whatever else the Portuguese then held either in the East-Indies or Atlantick Sea Ferdinand the Second Emperour of the Name wholly reduced the Kingdom of Bohemia together with Moravia Silesia and Lusatia Joseph I. was made King of Hungary by right of Inheritance on the Ninth of December 1687. whereas 'till then that Kingdom had been Elective But more than this the House of Austria has for many Ages now past enjoy'd the Imperial Dignity which indeed can be transferred from it to no other without apparent danger to the whole Empire It is also in some expectance of the Dutchy of Wirtenburg's falling to it See Layritz Palmwald pag. 477. Of its Losses or Decrease § XVIII OF the Cities and Provinces above-mention'd many have again been lost by this Family through the injury of Time And indeed the first Loss suffer'd by it was in the Fourteenth Century at which time the Counties of Habsburg Baden and Kiburg were taken from it by the prosperous Success of the Arms of the Swiss In 1415. by reason of the proscription of Frederick III. mention'd by us Sect. V. Numb 3. it lost the whole Dutchy of Schwaben except some few places namely the Marquisate of Burgow the Counties of Hellenburg Hochbergen Chingen Schelcflingen and the Provincial Government of Schwaben which Countries it stands still possess'd of in that Dutchy In 1472. the Dutchy of Crossen in Silesia was mortgag'd to the Family of Brandenburg and not being redeem'd in due time Joachim I. became fully possess'd of it by an indisputable Title in the Year 1538. In 1501. Schaffbuse was given up to the Swiss In 1529. or 92 rather and the Years following the Turks took many Places in Hungary but most of 'em re-taken some time after In 1572. and in the Years following seven Provinces of the Netherlands withdrew their Allegiance from the Crown of Spain and since that down to the present times the French have made themselves Masters of great part of the rest In 1640. Portugal revolted and set up a King of its own Whereupon Goa likewise and the other Provinces in the East-Indies rejected the Spanish Yoak In 1648. all Alsace was set over to the French See the Instrument of the Treaty of Peace at Osenburg concluded 'twixt the Emperour and French King Sect. Drittens Thun c. In the same Year Brisac and Suntgaw were put into the hands of the French In 1659. the French obtain'd great part of the Spanish Netherlands by the Pyrenaean Peace See the 35th and following Articles By the Treaty of Nimeguen 1678. Friburgh was given up to the French as also the County of Burgundy or Franche Comté together with whatever else as yet remained in Artois In 1684 the French by force of Arms made themselves Masters
of the Dutchy of Luxenburg as well as of the City of the same Name In 1686. the Principality of Swibuse together with the City of that Name was by an amicable Accommodation deliver'd up to the Elector of Brandenburg Last of all the French King breaking the Truce took Philipsburg on the Rhine from this Family Nov. 1. 1688. O. S. Of its Pretensions § XIX THe Pretensions of the House of Austria are 1. To the Dutchy of Burgundy which appertain'd of right to Maximilian I. as having married Mary Daughter and sole Heiress of Burgundy but the then King of France refus'd to invest him on pretence of the Salique Law 2. To Transylvania Moldavia Walachia and Bulgaria as Dependencies of the Kingdom of Hungary 3. To the Counties of Habsburg Baden and Kiburg 4. To the City of Schaffbuse 5. To the Kingdom of Portugal as having actually revolted from that of Spain 6. To the Dutchy of Luxenburg And lastly To the City and Castle of Philipsburg CHAP. II. Of the House of France § I. TO find out the Rise of the present House of France we are to look back as far as Hugh the Great Duke of France Burgundy and Aquitain Marquess of Orleans and Earl of Paris deceased 956. His eldest Son was Hugh Capet Duke of France Marquess of Orleans and Count of Paris who upon the death of Lewis the Slothful last King of France of the Race of Charlemaigne was by the unanimous Consent of the Peers of France inaugurated King of that Kingdom An. 987. And his Son Robert being in the same Year declared his Successor united the aforesaid Provinces to the Crown His Queen was Aloisia Daughter of William Duke of Aquitain by whom he had Issue Robert aforesaid from his great Piety surnamed The Saint who succeeded in the Throne of France upon the death of his Father in the Year 998. He was also Heir to the Dutchy of Burgundy upon his Uncle Henry's decease and departed this Life himself in 1031. having had two Queens viz. Bertha Daughter of Conrade King of Burgundy and Constance Daughter of William Count of Arles and Provence And by then two Sons namely 1. Henry of whom more in the next Section And 2. Robert Propagator of the Line of Burgundy the which became extinct in Philip Duke of Burgundy An. 1361. And whereas it had spread it self into two lesser Branches viz. that of Montaigue and that of Vienne or Dauphiné yet the first fail'd in Claudius de Montaigue An. 1468. the other in Humbert II. 1358. who seeing himself destitute of Issue made over Dauphiné to Philip of Valois King of France for 40000 Florins and on condition That for the future the eldest Son of France should be styled The Dauphin § II. Return we now to Henry I. Crown'd King of France 1031. The beginning of whose Reign was made uneasie by his Mother for she being desirous to advance his Brother Robert to the Throne stirred up many of the Nobility against him But the Business being decided by a Battel the Victory fell to the juster side His Death bears date 1060. And his Issue by Agnes Daughter of Basilius King of Russia were 1. Philip I. And 2. Hugh Count de Vermandois de Valois de Chaumont and d'Amiens whose Posterity fail'd in Rudolph II. Count de Vermandois c. An. 1158. Philip succeeded his Father at the age of nine Years and was Crown'd King of France An. 1060. His first Queen was Bertha Daughter of Florence I. Earl of Holland whom he divorc'd in 1093. and married Bertrada Daughter to Simon Earl of Montfort By the first be had 1. Lewis VI. but first of this Line surnam'd The Gross born 1081. 2. Henry deceased an Infant 3. Constance married to Hugh Earl of Champaigne and after his decease to Boemund Prince of Antioch By the second 1. Philip Count de Mans who married Elizabeth Daughter of Guy the second Baron of Mont le Herry but died without Issue 2. Florus Father of Elizabeth of Nantes 3. Caecilia married first to Tancred Prince of Antioch and after his decease to Pontius of Tholouse Count of Tripoli in Syria And 4. Eustachia espoused to John Count d'Estampes Of these Lewis succeeded his Father at his decease and was Crown'd King of France in the Year 1108. His Queen's Name was Adelain Daughter of Humbert II. Duke of Savoy who bore him this following Issue 1. Philip deceased sixteen Years old 2. Lewis VII born 1119. of whom in the next Section 3. Henry Archbishop of Reims 4. Robert III. Count de Dreux whose Posterity became extinct in John An. 1590. 5 Philip Archdeacon of Paris deceased 1164. 6 Peter Baron or Lord of Courtnay whose Posterity fail'd in Stephen de Raviers An. 1383. 7. Hugh deceased in his Infancy And 8. Constance married to Raymund Earl of Tholouse § III. Lewis VII surnam'd The Younger was born in 1119. and Crown'd King of France 1131. His first Queen was Eleanor Daughter and Heiress of William Duke of Aquitain whom he divorc'd in 1152. After which she was married to Henry Duke of Normandy who coming afterwards to be King of England did grievously annoy the French King His second was Constance Daughter to Alphonso VIII King of Castile who died in 1159. And his third Alice Daughter of Theobald Earl of Chambagne whom he married in 1161. She died 1205. By the first he had Issue 1. Mary married to Henry Count de Champagne She died 1179. And 2. Alice married to Theobald Earl of Chartres and Blois By the second only a Daughter named Margaret married to Henry eldest Son of Henry II. King of England and after his decease to Bela III. King of Hungary whom she likewise out-liv'd and went in Pilgrimage to the Holy Land in the City of Acres An. 1198. By by the third 1. Philip II. surnamed Augustus born Aug. 22. 1166. 2. Alice married to William Count de Ponthieu And 3. Agnes given in marriage to Comenius Alexius Emperour of Constantinople 1180. and after his death to Theodore Branas Lord of Adrianople Philip II.'s Inauguration to the Crown of France was Nov. 1. 1179. This Prince very much enlarged both the Power and Patrimony of the Crown of France for having overcome John sans Terre or Lack-land King of England he brought Normandy Bretagne Anjon Touraine Poictiers Clermont and part of Aquitain under his Jurisdiction His first Queen was Isabella Daughter of Baldwin IV. Earl of Haynault after whose decease he married Ingeburg Daughter of Waldemar King of Denmark but being afterwards divorc'd from her proceeded to a third Choice which was the Lady Agnes Daughter of Berthold Duke of By the first he had Issue only Lewis VIII born 1187. of whom in the next Section But by the third 1. Philip Earl of Bologne Clermont c. who by Maud Daughter of Reginald Earl of Dammarlin had Issue a Daughter named Joan and married to Scaevola de Châtillon 2. Mary after the decease of her first Husband Philip of Haynault Earl of
Massacre at Paris This Prince had Poets in great esteem and sometimes wrote Verses himself He composed a Poem on Stag-Hunting to which Recreation he was given to a fault Of all his Sanctions that is most remarkable which he publish'd for reforming the Computation of the Year For whereas all other Nations began their Year from the Feast of the Circumcision the French alone commenced theirs from Easter which was alter'd by this King He departed this Life 1574. in the flower of his Age after a long and painful Sickness His Queen was Elizabeth Daughter to the Emperour Maximilian II. who bore him only a Daughter nam'd Mary Elizabeth born 1572. deceased 1578. 6. Henry III. born Sept. 19. 1551. elected King of Poland 1573. Crown'd King of France 1574. murdered by James Clement a Dominican Friar Aug. 2. 1589. leaving no Issue 7. Francis Duke of Alençon and Brabant born 1554. deceased a Batchellor 1584. 8. Margaret married in 1572. to Henry IV. King of Navarre and afterwards of France divorc'd from him 1600. deceased 1615. 9. Victoria and Twins born and dead the same Year viz. 1556. 10. Joan Twins born and dead the same Year viz. 1556. Of the Line of Bourbon § XIII MAtter 's being thus far clear'd and discuss'd we shall now bring Robert V. Son of Lewis IX once more on the Stage having been already mention'd in Sect. 4. Numb 7. His eldest Son's Name was Lewis Count de Clermont and Duke of Bourbon and his Grandson's James de Bourbon Count de la Marche and Ponthieu Constable of France who died in the Year 1362. being Father of John Count de la Marche who succeeded him and begat 1. James II. Count de la Marche King of Naples who died 1438 having had by Beatrix Daughter of Charles III. King of Navarre only a Daughter that surviv'd him namely Eleanor married to Bernhard d'Armanac Count de Pardiac 2. Lewis de Bourbon Count de Vendôme of whom a little below 3. Anne married to John de Berry Count de Montpensier and after his decease to Lewis Barbatus Duke of Bavaria 4. Mary to John de Beine Baron de Croix 5. Charlotte to John King of Cyprus she died 1487. 6. John de Bourbon Baron de Carency whose Posterity became extinct in John de Bourbon Baron de Carency much about the Year 1493. As for Lewis the second Son he begat John de Bourbon Count de Vendôme who was Father of Francis de Bourbon Count de Vendôme born 1470 and Lewis de Bourbon Prince de la Roche sur Yâ—n which Branch of the Family fail'd in Henry de Bourbon Duke of Montpellier An. 1608. Francis the elder Brother departed this Life 1493. having begat Charles Duke de Vendôme born 1489. deceased 1534. This Charles had many Children by Frances d'Alençon Dutchess of Beaumont Francis Duke of Longueville's Widow whereof ten whose Names follow liv'd to be Men and Women viz. 1. Margaret born 1516. married to Francis Duke of Cleves 1538. 2. Anthony Duke de Vendòme and King of Navarre of whom in the next Section 3. Francis Count d'Enghien born 1519. deceased without Issue 1546. 4. Magdalen Lady Abbess of Poictiers 5. Charles born 1523 and promoted to the Cardinalate in 1566. He was likewise made Bishop of Roan and died May 9. 1590. 6. Catharine and Lady Abbesses of Secession and Chelles 7. Renata Lady Abbesses of Secession and Chelles 8. John Duke d'Enghien born 1528. deceased 1557. 9. Lewis Prince de Conde of whose most Noble Progeny we shall speak in the XV. Section of this Chapter 10. Eleaner born 1535. deceased 1611. § XIV We now return to Anthony Duke of Vendôme Son of Charles Duke of Vendôme as is objected just above He was born in the Year 1518. and performed many Noble and great Actions in the Service and under the Auspices of Francis I. and Henry II. Kings of France After the death of his Father in-Law Henry II. King of Navarre whose only Daughter and Heiress Joan d'Albret he had married he possess'd himself of that Kingdom and the Principality of Bern or at least as much of â—em as the Spamards had left him He was more than once in great danger of his Life from the Guisian Faction yet died a natural death in 1562. leaving Issue a Son and a Daughter namely 1. Catharine married to Henry Duke of Lorrain Jan. 30. 1599. deceased 1604. And 2. Henry IV. surnam'd The Great King of France and Navarre born 1553. The Greatness of whose Actions has totally eclipsed the Glory of the most famous Monarch that ever Rul'd in France In the Fifteenth Year of his Age he was Head of the Protestants in France At Nineteen he went to the French Court at Paris being invited to be present at those tragick Nuptials infamous through the whole World for the treacherous and bloody Massacre of so many thousand Innocent and Noble Persons In the same Year he took on him the Title of King of Navarre upon the death of his Mother the Queen He thrice extorted Peace from the King's Party and by the Battel of Courtray 1581. Henry III. being yet alive dissolv'd the League entered into by the Pope the King of Spain and the Guisian Faction for the Confusion of the Protestants After the death of Henry III. he was Crown'd King of France but not 'till 1594. having first profess'd himself a Papist On May 4. 1610. O. S. he was assassinated and stabb'd in Paris by that infamous Villain Francis Ravillac His first Queen was Margaret de Valois Daughter of Henry II. King of France whom he divorc'd After which he married Mary de Medices Daughter of Francis Great Duke of Tuscany deceased 1642. by whom he had Issue as followeth 1. Lewis XIII of whom more in the next Section 2. Elizabeth married to Philip IV. King of Spain 1615. deceased 1644. 3. Christina to Victor Amadeus I. Duke of Savoy she died 1663. 4. Gaston John Baptist Duke of Orleans born 1608. who was twice married his first Dutchess being Mary of Bourbon Daughter of Henry Duke of Montpensier deceased 1627. His second Margaret of Lorrain Daughter of Francis Count de Vaudemont deceased 1672. By these he had four Daughters viz. 1. Anne Mary Dutchess of Montpensier born 1627. now alive and unmarried 2. Margaret Louise born 1645. and married 1661. to Cosmus III. Great Duke of Tuscany 3. Isabella born 1646. and married to Joseph Lewis Duke of Guise in 1667. She is now a Widow 4. Frances Magdalen born 1648. married to Charles Emanuel Duke of Savoy 1663. deceased May 11. 1665. 5. Henrietta Maria born 1609. married to Charles I. King of England May 1. 1625. O. S. deceased July 31. 1669. aged Sixty § XV. Lewis XIII born Sept. 27. 1601. succeeded his Father and was Crown'd King of France Octob. 18. 1610. An excellent Prince had he not given too much way to the Counsels of those two famous Ministers of State Richlieu and Mazarine He never fought but where he conquer'd In
they began to be afraid he was in earnest 'till at last Good Nature prevail'd and he enclin'd to their Petition and took upon him the Kingship June 22. 1483. which is the sum of the three Months and nineteen Days Reign of King Edward V. He was never Crown'd nor married but together with his Brother Richard Duke of York murder'd in the Tower in a short time after XVIII After this Mock-Election Richard III. now no longer Protector was Crown'd King July 6. following with the self-same Provision that was appointed for the Coronation of his Nephew with this addition only That his Queen was Crown'd with him And now the first thing he did was to commit Morton Bishop of Ely who had been secur'd in the Tower to the Custody of the Duke of Buckingham who sent him to a House of his at Brecknock in Wales whence he afterwards escap'd to the destruction of King Richard That done the King made a progress to Gloucester and sent one John Green whom he ' specially trusted with a Letter of Credence to Sir Robert Brakenbury Constable of the Tower the effect of which was to put the young Princes to death which he absolutely refus'd though said he he were to die therefore On this he sent another Letter by Sir James Tyrrel with a Command to Brakenbury to deliver him the Keys of the Tower for one Night which was accordingly done and the Princes murder'd by one Miles Forrest a Fellow flesh'd in Blood before that time and John Dighton his own Groom The Duke of Buckingham had accompanied the King in his Progress but whether it were that the King had been remiss to him in his Promise touching the Earldom of Hereford or that the Duke look'd a-skew on the Crown he had procur'd him the Duke left him at Gloucester but not without large Assurances from the King who doubted nothing less but that he was pleased And so with a merry Countenance and a disgusted Heart the Duke went off to his Charge at Brecknock The Bishop had been a firm Adherer to the House of Loncaster and the Duke had lost his Father and Grandfather in their Quarrel This and the but just Reputation of the Bishop's Experience begat a Familiarity between them which after several broken Discourses off and on came at last to this That they took an Oath of Secresie to each other and the PRESENT USURPATION and Tyranny was the Single Argument The Duke ran over the King's Breach of Faith with him and particularly charges him with the Murder of his Nephews which he had sworn to him never to attempt Nor was the Bishop wanting to give the Flame vent and as Occasion offer'd to add fresh Fuel to the Fire On which it was at last resolv'd between them That the Tyrant be remov'd And for the manner of doing it the Bishop having got within him proposes to him his own Title as Grandchild by the Mother to Edmond Duke of Somerset lineally descended from John of Gaunt and so next Heir to King Henry VI. Which the Duke answer'd by saying He once thought so and had resolv'd on it 'till having better consider'd he remembred That Edmond his Grandfather had an elder Brother John Duke of Somerset whose Daughter the Lady Margaret Countess of Richmond is sole Heir to him and therefore to marry her Son Henry Earl of Richmond to the Lady Elizabeth eldst Daughter of King Edward IV. and there by unite the two Houses of York and Lancaster were the only Expedient to settle the Kingdom The Bishop now was where he would be and therefore for fear the matter should cool proposes a sober Gentleman one Reginald Gray a Servant of the Countess's not unknown to the Duke who should communicate the Affair to such Persons as the Duke should direct Which being approv'd of Gray is forthwith sent for and dispatch'd to the Countess who liked it so well that she sent one Lewis her Physician to acquaint the Queen with it who return'd him to the Countess with this Answer That if her Son Henry would take a corporal Oath to marry her Daughter Elizabeth that all the Friends and Favourers of King Edward her Husband should assist and take part with him Which being agreed to by the Countess she sent Christopher Urswick her Chaplain to her Son in Bretagne and by another way Monies and particular Instructions that he should land in Wales Matters thus disposed and Answers return'd the Duke and the Bishop engage several of the Nobility and Gentry in an Oath of Secresie and every of them prepare Forces to meet the Earl of Richmond and joyn him Yet things were not so closely carried but that King Richard got an inkling of it and therefore ply'd the Duke of Bretagne to whom the Earl of Richmond had open'd his Design to deliver the said Earl into his hands Which he not only refus'd but on the contrary assisted him with Men and Monies During which the Bishop took the opportunity of making an escape into Flanders which fretted the Duke and that the more in regard the King knowing the Duke to be in the head of the Business wrote him a kind Letter thereby inviting him to Court which he excus'd with pretence of Sickness Whereupon the King sent him a peremptory Command which he as determinately answered by word of mouth That he would not come to his mortal Enemy and sent immediately to his Friends to take Arms with him which they accordingly did But before they could join him the Duke's Forces were dispers'd and every Man shifted for himself as he best might Most of the Chief of which got into Bretagne and the Duke to the House of one Banister beside Shrewsbury whom he had bred from his Youth and lov'd and trusted above all Men yet for the hopes of 1000 l. which was set upon the Duke's Head he was betray'd by him and brought to Shrewsbury where he was beheaded without Trial Novemb. 1. the same Year And the Earl of Richmond and such as had gotten over to him were attainted in Parliament 1484. Nor was the Earl idle all this time but applied himself to Charles VIII King of France who liberally assisted him suitable to the Expedition And so the Earl having given the English Nobility his Oath That forthwith after his being possess'd of the Crown of England he would take to Wife the Lady Elizabeth as aforesaid they swore him Fealty and did him Homage and made ready to set forward for England And being inform'd That Richard had gotten the Daughters of Edward IV. into his hand with the Consent of the Queen their Mother and made away his Wife to the intent of marrying the said Lady Elizabeth he made the more haste and with the Earl of Pembroke and the rest put to Sea and landed at Milford Haven the August following and thence remov'd to Hereford where the Country came in to him and a Message from the Town of Pembroke That they were ready to give their
the before-mention'd Lady Jane who with her Husband were arraign'd and attainted Nov. 3. next ensuing as also was Archbishop Cranmer The beginning of January following the Emperour Charles V. sent over Ambassadours fully impower'd to treat and conclude a Marriage between Queen Mary and Philip Prince of Spain his Son and Heir which afterwards took effect But this Match being not so well relish'd by the Commons nor much better by some of the Nobility it was confederated between them to raise a War rather than suffer such a Change of State as they doubted might follow by the Queen 's thus Matching her self with a Stranger The first that appear'd in it was Sir Tho. Wiat a powerful Man in Kent The occasion thus A near Friend of his one of the Conspirators was committed to the Fleet by the Council for other matters whereupon Sir Thomas suspecting that the Plot was discover'd ran into Arms before the time that had been appointed between them However having gotten a strong Party together he publish'd a Declaration at Maidstone in Kent against the said Marriage and thereby desired his Friends and all English Men to join with him and others to defend the Realm from the danger of being brought in Thraldom to Strangers Whereupon several considerable Persons with their Followers came in to him And the Duke of Suffolk made the like Proclamation in Leicester Nor wanted the Queen on the other hand such as gather'd as fast to suppress them for the Lord Abergavenny having oppos'd him in Kent and Coventry shut their Gates against the Duke of Suffolk there seem'd nothing to the contrary but the Duke of Norfolk by this time gone down against him must have swallow'd him as probably he had done but that 500 of the London White-Coats that went with him revolted and took part with Wiat. Upon which the Duke made what retreat he could and Wiat went on for London but being beaten off at London-Bridge he got over at Kingston and was so encounter'd from Park Corner to St. James's and thence to Charing-Cross and through the Strand that being not able to make further than Temple-Earr where he met a fresh Opposition he deliver'd himself and was sent to the Tower Feb. 7. following and in two days after the Duke of Suffolk The Lord Guilford Dudley and the Lady Jane his Wife behead the 12th and the 23d of the same Month the Duke himself and Sir Thomas Wiat headed and quartered but neither drawn nor hang'd April 11. 1555. his Head set upon the Gallows and his Quarters about the City After which the Marriage between the Queen and Prince Philip of Spain was openly solemniz'd July 25. the same Year and a Parliament open'd Novemb. 12. following in which Reginald Pool Cardinal Legate à Latere from Pope Julius III. not many days before landed in England was restor'd in Blood and the Act of Henry VIII by which he was attainted repealed and the Kingdom reconcil'd and absolv'd the 29th of the same Month but not before an Act had first pass'd for securing Abbey-Lands in the hands of the present Possessors and the Cardinal made Archbishop of Canterbury the March following In the Year 1557. the Queen to compliment her Husband proclaim'd a War against France and at the same time held Callice so unprovided that the Duke of Guise â—in revenge of the Loss of St. Quintin surpriz'd it and took it in a Week's time after it had been in the English possession 211 Years It was said that the Queen was with Child and a solemn Office appointed to be used in all Churches for her safe Delivery but it prov'd a Mola or false Conception of which shedied without Issue Novemb. 17. 1558. in the Thirty ninth Year of her Age and Sixth of her Reign And the same day died the said Cardinal Pool a younger Son of Sir Richard Pool Knight of the Garter by the Lady Elizabeth Countess of Salisbury Daughter of George Duke of Clarence Brother of King Edward IV. and left the Kingdom reconcil'd as hath been said Yet this hindred not but that XXIII The Lady Elizabeth Half Sister to Queen Mary by the Father a Protestant was proclaim'd Queen and Crown'd Jan. 25. following She rescinded whatever the Queen her Sister had done in matters of Religion and proceeded upon what her Brother King Edward VI. had begun Amongst the rest she suppress'd such Religious Houses as were a-new set up by Queen Mary as Sion Sheen Westminster c. This last Monastery was in the Year 1539. surrender'd to Henry VIII who erected thereof a Dean and Chapter and in 1542. rais'd it to a Bishoprick of which he made Thomas Thâ—â—â—bye the first Bishop who prov'd the last also for the Queen made it a College consisting of a Dean Twelve Prebends a Schoolmaster an Usher Forty Scholars Twelve Almsmen and named it the Collegiate Church of Westminster The Reformation of Edward VI. in England had by this time reach'd Scotland which the Queen Dowager by assistance of the French strongly oppos'd and many of the Scots Nobility on the other hand make suit to Queen Elizabeth under the Name of The Lords of the Congregation for her Aid against Popery and them which was readily granted and a considerable Army sent into Scotland 1560. where after various Fortune on either side and the death of the Queen Dowager of Scotland a Peace was concluded between Queen Elizazeth and Francis and Mary King and Queen of France and Scotland about July following immediately after which died the said Francis leaving his Crown to his younger Brother Charles and the said Mary Queen of Scotland Queen Dowager of France who though laid wait for to be intercepted took the opportunity of a Mist and got safely into Scotland 1562. from whence she sent Letters to Queen Elizabeth proffering all observance and readiness to enter into League with her so she might by Authority of Parliament be declar'd her Successor which was but her Right To which the Queen answer'd That though she would no way derogate from her Right yet she should be loth to endanger her own Security and as it were cover her Eyes with a Grave-Cloth while she was alive And here began the Jealousies of State between the two Queens the one doubting her Succession was intended to be frustrated and the other That her Possession might be invaded And yet they kept it so fair with each other that the Queen of Scots being in 1563. follicited by her Uncle the Cardinal of Lorrain to a Marriage with Charles Archduke of Austria with an Offer of the Arrears of her Dowry and a Restauration of the Scots to their former Liberties in France which by the death of her Uncle the Duke of Guise had been broken in case she would adhere to the French against whom the Queen of England had about that time assisted the Hugonots she gives her notice of it and requires her Advice in it Queen Elizabeth on the other hand persuades her to take a
Husband out of England and recommends to her the Lord Robert Dudley whom not long after she made Earl of Leicester withal promising That if she would marry him she should by Authority of Parliament be declar'd her Successor in case she died without Issue But whether it were that she disdain'd the one or that she was loth to make a breach with England by accepting the other nothing came of either But having by the leave of Queen Elizabeth gotten Henry Lord Darnly Son of Matthew Stuart Earl of Lenox by Margaret Douglas Niece of Henry VIII by his eldest Sister out of England upon pretence of restoring him to the Possessions of his Father who had been in England as an Exile now twenty years made him Lord Armanack Earl of Ross and Duke of Rothsey a Dukedom by Birth appertaining to the eldest Sons of the Kings of Scotland married him in five Months after and with the Consent of most of the Peers of Scotland declar'd him King about June 1565. A Person of a Princely Presence and not above Nineteen Years of Age. The Prior of St. Andrew's the Queen 's base Brother but one that more affecting a Temporal Honour than a Spiritual Title had been made Earl of Murray had under-hand dealt with Queen Elizabeth to have prevented this Marriage in excuse of which the Queen was let know She had no reason to be displeased with it inasmuch as she had follow'd her Advice Not to marry a Stranger but an Englishman born Nor perhaps was Queen Elizabeth much troubled at it as knowing the mild Disposition of the Lord Darnly and how little of Strength it added to the Queen of Scots but on the contrary foreseeing it would beget Troubles in Scotland which was the Security of England However it were the Queen of Scots being brought to Bed of a Son June 19. 1566. she sent Queen Elizabeth notice of it who congratulated her safe Deliverance and her Son and was his Godmother and by her and the respective Ambassadours of Charles King of France and Philibert Duke of Savoy gave him the Name of Charles James in whom afterwards in Right of his said Mother the Crowns of England and Scotland came to be united Murray thus disappointed where he least expected complies with the present and strikes in with the yet Inadvertency of the young King and makes a Division between the Queen and him which his Instruments so improv'd with her that whereas before in publick Acts she had used to place her Husband's Name first she now caused it to be placed last and in her Coin began to leave it out quite Nor was the Breach yet so wide but it might have been clos'd again had not Murray created a Jealouâ—ie in him concerning one David Rizie an Italian the Queen's Secretary and told him plainly it stood not with his Honour to suffer him to live which so netled the King that rushing one Evening into the Queen's Chamber when she was at Supper he caused the said Rizie to be dragg'd out of her presence and murder'd of which afterwards the King grew so sensible that he threatned a Revenge upon Murray who had counsell'd him to it which the other prevented in striking the first Blow by procuring the King to be strangled in his Bed his Body thrown into the Garden and the House immediately blown up the Queen whatever the Rumour of the People were least doubitng her Brother Murray And here comes his Master-piece The Earls of Bothwell and Morton had been his Confederates in the Murder and when the Days of Mourning were a little over Murray by himself and his Instruments insinuates to her the danger of the Kingdom by her being thus left alone and advises her to marry some one that might be able to assist her against all her Opposers and after some time recommends Bothwell to her a Person in favour with her and of great Eminence for his Valour To which being destitute of Friends she at last consents provided due respect might be had to her young Son and that Bothwell legally acquit himself of her Husband's Murder Whereupon Bothwell stands his Trial and is acquitted by his Judges On which the Queen makes him Duke of Orkney and by Consent of many of the Nobility marries him 1567. And now Murray is where he would be for having during Queen Mary's abode in France by his Patriarch Knox and his Chaplain Buchannan under PRETENCE of Reformation embroil'd the Kingdom by affirming That Royalty was not tied to any Stock or Kindred but Vertue only whether the Parties were legitimate or not thereby making way to the Kingdom for himself and not being able to have hindred the Queen's second Marriage made a Discord between her and him whom he afterwards murder'd this Murray the same Man that had acquitted Bothwell and not only advis'd but promoted his Marriage with the Queen now takes Arms against her as privy to Bothwell's Murder of her Husband On this Bothwell finding himself out-witted flies into Denmark and Murray seizes the Queen and vilely threw her into Prison in Loch-levyn under the Custody of his Mother the Concubine of James V. but now boasting herself to have been his Wife and her Son his lawful Issue During which time Knox and his Disciples thunder against her from the Pulpits Buchannan with his De Jure Regni apud Scotos and Murray with his armed Logick so terrifie her that she resign'd her Kingdom to her Son scarce Thirteen Months old and made Murray Regent of Scotland during his Minority alledging to Queen Elizabeth for her so doing That she had done it through the Counsel of her-Ambassadour Throckmorton who told her That a Grant extorted from one in Prison which is a just Fear is actually void and of none effect However on this the young King was Crown'd and Murray proclaim'd Regent but the Queen still kept in Prison from whence after Eleven Months imprisonment by the help of one of the Douglas's she makes an escape to Hamilton-Castle where in a meeting of a great part of the Nobility this extorted Resignation of the Queen's is declar'd actually void from the beginning Whereupon Multitudes flock in to her but being undisciplin'd they are defeated by Murray Herself nevertheless making an escape into England landed at Wickington in Cumberland May 17. 1568. having first sent her Servant Beaton to Queen Elizabeth to intimate her Intention with a Diamond Ring also which she had formerly receiv'd from her as a Pledge of mutual Amity Nor was she sooner landed than she wrote her a Letter thereby declaring her Condition and withal desiring she might be conducted to her Presence To which Queen Elizabeth by a Letter sent by Sir Francis Knolles return'd her a comfortable Answer and promised her Aid and Defence according to the Equity of her Cause but deny'd her access for that she was held guilty of many Crimes and therefore order'd her to be brought to Carlisle From thence she seconded her first Letter
Conspiracy to kill the King raise a Rebellion alter Religion subvert the State and procure an Invasion of which Sir Walter Raleigh a mortal Enemy to Spain and no Friend of the Scots was one and after a Fourteen Years reprieval by the means of the Spanish Lieger Gundomar had his Head taken off upon the former Judgment though there wanted not those that thought it was Jure Injuria And now came on the Business of Spain As King of Scotland the King was in Amity with Spain as King of England at War with it And therefore finding himself under that double Circumstance he first call'd in all Letters of Mart against the Spaniard and not long after concluded a Peace with them to the Confirmation of which Albertus and Isabella Archdukes of Austria were sworn And thus in Peace with all Christendom the King created his Second Son Charles Duke of Albany then Four Years old Duke of York Jan. 2. 1604. with the yearly Fee of 40 l. payable by the Sheriff of York out of the Issues c. of that County The Year following was discover'd the Gun-Powder Treason Plot which ended in the Attainder and Death of the Conspirators and was particularly congratulated by the King of Spain and Archdukes of Austria In the Year 1610. the King having had an Aid of his Subjects to make his Son a Knight created Prince Henry now Seventeen Years of Age Prince of Wales but he liv'd not long to enjoy it for during the Treaty of a Marriage between Frederick Prince Palatine of the Rhine with the Lady Elizabeth the King 's only Daughter he sell sick and died Novemb. 6. 1612. However the Marriage took effect and was consummated on St. Valentine's Day following And Prince Charles created Prince of Wales 1615. But hear the time the King had created his Son Henry Prince of Wales he created a new Patent-Honour of descendible Knighthood by the Name of Knights Baronets The occasion thus In the beginning of the King's Reign Charles Lord Montjoy Lord Deputy of Ireland return'd for England and brought over with him Hugh O Neal Earl of Tyrone who Queen Elizabeth yet living had submitted himself to the Queen's Mercy and whom the King pardon'd and made proclamation That he should be treated with Respect and Honour And yet in 1609. he goes off into Ireland and with Tyrconnel and others gets beyond-Sea and sollicites a new Assistance from foreign Princes but having left several forfeited Lands behind them in the Counties of Colerain Tyrone and Donegal the King comes to Articles with the City of London for the planting and building the same Which being accepted the King by his Charter 1611. erects the Ville of Derry into a City and the Town of Colerain into a Mayor-Town and together with the said forfeited Lands consolidates the whole into one County by the Name of the County of London-Derry And having by the same Charter created a Body Politick of Twenty four Persons Twelve of them to be annually elected out of the Twelve First Companies of London for the Government of the same by the Name of The Society of the Governour and Assistants London of the New Plantation of Ulster in the Realm of Ireland grants the said City Town County and forfeited Lands to the said Society and their Successors in perpetuity under the yearly Rent of 205 l. And now to give Countenance to it and put 200000 l. in his Pocket without being beholden to his Subjects he erected this new Honour and for him his Heirs and Successors covenanted with each of them respectively That they and the Heirs Males of their Body should take Place next the youngest Sons of Barons That by way of augmentation to their own Arms they should bear a part of O Neal's Arms viz. in a Canton or Escutcheon Argent a hand Dextre couped Gules And lastly stinted their Number to Two hundred Persons whose Issue as they chanc'd to fail should not be supplied with new Persons but the Order to run out In which last Clause yet the King covenanted for himself only and left out his Heirs and Successors tho' if the printed Lists be true Himself made Two hundred and One. In consideration of which each of them was to maintain Thirty Foot-Soldiers in Ireland for Three Years after the rate of Eight-pence a Day and for the payment of the Monies strike a Tally in the Exchequer for 1000 l. The King also some time after erected a like Order of Baronets of Nova Scotia who instead of the said Hand dextre couped should wear an Orange-colour'd Ribbon athwart their Shoulders as Knights of the Bath their Red Ribbon with a Medal on which the Arms of Scotland were enamell'd and a Pear-Pearl at the end of it with this Motto Faxment is honestae Gloria But whether besides the advantage of another Plantation he got as much by the one as he did by the other does not appear Though this may be said of both All Parties were well satisfied Nor happen'd there during this time any thing much remarkable saving the breaking one Favourites Neck to make way for another the placing and displacing of Great Officers the frequent Creations of Nobility which though it added to their Number may perhaps be thought to have taken from their Grandeur and the Death of Queen Anne which happen'd March 2. 1619. The Palsgrave Frederick thus strengthen'd with the Alliance of England was in the Year 1621. elected King of Bohemia Nor was he sooner invested in the Crown than the Imperial Bann issued against him which was so seconded with a longer Sword that having lost the Battel of Prague and with it his New Crown and his own Patrimony of the Upper and Lower Palatinate he was forc ' to retire into Holland On this King James though he never could be brought to own his Son-in-Law as a King had that care of his Daughter that he sent an Embassie to the Emperour to sollicite the Restitution of the Palatinate which returning without success he consults Gundomar what to do in the matter who advises him to make a Marriage with the Prince his Son and the Infanta of Spain Which said he would be easily effected if the Prince might have leave to make a Journey into Spain Which was accordingly done and the Prince receiv'd with all the Kindness and Magnificence imaginable Where having been spun out for eight Months together to no purpose contrary to the Expectation of most Men he return'd safe into England Whereupon the King taking new measures it was first resolv'd to recover the Palatinate by Arms in which the Parliament promised him a liberal Assistance and next to provide the Prince a Wife elsewhere For which purpose an Embassie was sent into France to treat of a Marriage with Henrietta Maria younger Daughter of King Henry IV. and Sister of Lewis XIII King of France which took effect but was not consummated 'till after the Death of King James which happen'd March 27. 1625. in the
any thing The King of Denmark to whom the King had sent born Men and Monies for the recovery of the Polatinate was routed by Tilly the Emperour's General and without a present Supply the Sound was in danger to be lost and the English East-land Trade and Staple at Hamburgh almost given up for gone And now what wonder if the King 's extraordinary Wants put him upon extraordinary Courses He borrows 120000 l. of the City of London for which they had Lands of 21000 l. yearly value assur'd to them and 30000 l. of the East-India Company And for the rest made use of Privy-Seals Loans as such other ways as might enforce a less necessitated Prince to However that a last Extremity might not run him beyond his Natural Inclination he calls a Parliament which open'd March 17. 1627. where he so pathetically laid before them the cause of their meeting which was The Common Danger a Supply proportionable to it The Exigence of Time the just Desence of Friends and Allies And lastly clos'd all with his Hopes of their following that Advice of maintaining the Unity of the Spirit in the Band of Peace that the Commons unanimously voted him Five Subsidies On which the King by his Secretary let them know He would deny them nothing of their Liberties which any of his Predecessors had granted But while the Bill for these Subsidies was preparing the old Leven fermented anew Loans Privy Seals Billeting of Soldiers even in cases of Necessity and Martial Law for keeping them in order was question'd as contrary to Magna Charta which terminated in this That the King gave his Royal Assent to that so-much-talk'd of Petition of Right wherein yet he granted no New Liberties but confirmed the Old with this Declaration concerning the true Intent thereof That the Profession of both Houses in the hammering of the Petition was no ways to entrench upon his Prerogative saying They had neither Intention nor Power to hurt it Of which Intent and Meaning of his in granting the said Petition he commanded all to take notice Especially said the King you my Lords the Judges for to you only under Me belongs the Interpretation of the Laws For none of the Houses of Parlement joint or separate whatever New Doctrine may be rais'd have any Power to make or declare a Law without My Consent And yet this did not so quiet some turbulent Heads of the Commons who would be satisfed with nothing but the Kingdom also bet that they yet remonstrated against several late Miscarriages in Government and concluded with the Duke of Buckingham as the Common Grievance of the Kingdom and tack'd it to the Bill of Subsidies which the King took notice of and withal hearing they were preparing another against Tonnage and Poundage prorogu'd them from June 26. to Octob. 20. 1628. Between which and the said next Meeting the Duke was slain at Portsmouth in the Thirty sixth Year of his Age as he was fetting fail for the Relief of Rochel by one John Felton a discontented Officer of the last Year's Army and the Parliament put of to the 20th of January At what time the Debates running so high against the pretended encrease of Popery and Arminianism and the levying Tonnage and Poundage not yet granted by Parliament The King by Warrant of the Privy-Council sent for several of the Principal Authors of those Disorders Four of which appearing and refusing to answer out of Parliament what they had said and done in Parliament they were committed to the Tower the Parliament dissolv'd March to and such as had not appear'd were apprehended and committed to several other Priâ—â—ns and an Information preferr'd against â—hem in the Star-Chamber to which they deâ—urr'd And in Michaelmas 1629. brought their Habeas Corpus's in the King's Bench and â—â—ov'd to be Bail'd which the Judges allow'd with this That they ought to find Sureties for â—â—e Good Behaviour in that it is a prevention of Damages to the Commonwealth and an Act of Government and Jurisdiction not â—f Law Which being refus'd by them they were remanded And the King waving his Proceedings in the Star-Chamber an Information was exhibited in the King's Bench against Three of them for Words spoken by them in â—he foregoing Parliament falsly maliciously â—nd seditiously as well against the King the Peers of the Realm c. as to raise a Tumult and Sedition subvert the Government and to the intent all the King 's Loving Subjects â—hould withdraw their Affections from Him To this the Defendants pleaded That forasmuch as the Offences are supposed to have been done in Parliament they ought not to be punish'd in any other Court but in Parliament and demurr'd to the Jurisdiction of the Court Which after full Argument on both sides was over-rul'd by the Court and a Day given them to plead further which they not doing Judgment was given against them upon a Nihil dicit That they should be imprison'd during the King's Pleasure not to be deâ—iver'd 'till Security given in Court for the Good-Behaviour and acknowledgment of the Offence and each of them respectively final according to his Condition it being further said by the Judges That Plowden in Queen Mary's time was fined for Words spoken in Parliament against the Dignity of the Queen And it was the Opinion of the Justices iâ— 8. Eliz. That Offences committed in Parliament are punishable out of Parliament The Scots during this time were not idle at home but blew those Coals of Discontent among the People which afterwards fired the three Kingdoms nor wanted there an opportunity at present The Lands of Cathedrals and Religious Houses with the Superiorities and Tithes belonging to them had been by Act of Parliament setled on the Crown but by the Contrivance of Murray and other Regents during the Minority of King James parcell'd among the Lords and Great Men of the Kingdom thereby to make a Party to themseves And King Charles coming to the Crown engag'd in a War and having no Aid from them took a legal course to resume them On which those Occupants that well knew they had no other Title than the Usurpation of their Ancestors combine together to oppose the King in every thing that should be offer'd in Parliament relating to Church-Affairs and because Religion was the best Bait to hook in the People and conceal themselves they centre on that and only wait the Occasion which fell thus King James from his first coming to the Crown of England though he fail'd in his Design of making the English and them into one People had proceeded so far 〈◊〉 bringing the Kirk of Scotland to an Uniformity to the Church of England that he not only setled Episcopacy among them but in the General Assembly of Aberdeen 1616. procured â—n Act for composing a Liturgy or Common-Prayer to be first presented to the King and after his Approbation universally receiv'd through the Kingdom And a Book of Canons which also was further improv'd by that other
of Perth 1618. and both ratified by an Act of Parliament of that Kingdom But what by reason of the Palatinate War and his own Death it went no further in his time And King Charles was so taken up at home that he was forc'd to deferr the finishing it 'till he came into Scotland where he was Crown'd May 18. 1632. And in a Parliament which fate soon after he caus'd an Act of Ratification of all that had been done by his Father to be propos'd which not without strong opposition was carried by the far greater Number And after his return for England he order'd the Dean of his Chapel-Royal at Edinburgh That the English Liturgy with its usual Ceremonies should be used in his said Chapel On this the Presbyterian Scots insinuate to the People That this was a Design to subject the pure Kirk of Scotland to the Superstitions of the Church of England And the Lords and Gentry who fear'd nothing more than that they should be forc'd to surrender possess'd them That Scotland was to be reduc'd into a Province and Govern'd by a Lord Lieutenant as was Ireland And thâ—doz'd into a Belief that their All was at stake what was there on which their Drivers might not run a heedless Multitude And now the Dutch seeing the King's handâ— full not only encroach'd upon the Britâ—â—â— Seas by their frequent Fishings but began 〈◊〉 dispute the Right of the Dominion in 1634 which the King being resolv'd to maintain and having several Precedents for Ievying a Naval Aid upon the Subjects by the sole Anthority of the King by a Writ under the Great Seal when the Good and Safety of the Kingdom is in danger the King by Letter under his Signet Feb. 12. 1636. consults the Judges in it who all of them Twelve in number return'd their Opinions under their Hands That theKing might do it and in case of refusal compel the doing it by Law And that the King is sole Judge both of the Danger and when and how the same is to be prevented and avoided However Two of them Hutton and Crook afterwards retracted what they had so formally given under their Hands which was the cause of no little Trouble in the Kingdom the Sound of which was not long ere it reach'd Scotland albeit upon the solemn Arguments of all the Judges in the Exchequer-Chamber touching this matter Judgment was given for the King The King as has been said had order'd â—he English Liturgy to be us'd in his Chapel-Royal at Edinburgh which at the Request of â—he Scots Bishops having been amended to their â—wn Model was agreed to by the King and â—ent back into Scotland and by the Bishops â—nd Lords of the Council of that Kingdom â—rder'd to be read in the Great Church July 23. 1637. Upon the very opening of which there â—rose such a Tumult of Stools and Cudgels thrown at the Dean the Reader 's Head that â—he Provost and Bailiffs of the City had much â—do to suppress Nor fared it better in several other Churches where by the like Command it was also read and from one thing to another ran to that heighth that Protestations being grown too strong for Proclamations they enter into a Confederacy and bind it with a Covenant for Maintenance of the King's Person and Authority but how in Defence of the Gospel of Christ and Liberties of the Kingdom of which themselves were Judges and the mutual Defence of each other against all Persons whatsoever Whereupon the Marquiss Hamilton is fent thither to compose the Differences but with no effect For notwithstanding all the King's Condescentions they could neither be brought to acknowledge they had parted from their Obedience nor renounce their Covenant than the least Tittle of which they declar'd they would fooner renounce their Baptism And thereupon took upon them a Power of convoking a General Assembly in which they first depriv'd all the Bishops and soon after abolish'd the Order it self seiz'd the King's Castles and ran into Arms but finding the King upon the Borders with a powerful Army and themselves better prepar'd for a Treaty than a Battel a Pacification is made July 17. 1639. And upon promise of future Loyalty the King pardons them But alas the Core was not got out and the Ulcer rather skinn'd over than heal'd for the King had scarce come to London ere they broke all their Articles and apply to the King of France to favour their Proceedings and give them his Assistance On which the King calls another Parliament which open'd April 13. 1640. and instead of taking the King's Business in hand or the least notice of this Insolence of the Scots ran to that heighth against Ship-Money Knighthoods and the Actions of divers Ministers of State though done by the King's Warrant that they were dissolv'd May 5. following And now the Scots who had form'd an Intelligence with some of the English Nobility and Gentry and consequently assur'd of being favour'd by them when it came to a Point take Arms again and publish a Declaration Not to lay them down 'till Religion was setled in both Nations and the Causers and Abettors of their present Troubles the Prelates and their Adherents but more particularly the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Earl of Strafford were brought to publick Justice in Parliament which also they desire may be call'd And thereupon march into England where notwithstanding their giving out That they would take nothing without ready Money they charge those adjacent Parts with Eight hundred and fifty Pounds a Day Nor had the King been so negligent all this while but that by the help of his better-affected Subjects he met them with an Army sufficient to have reduc'd them had it come to a Battel or had he not been over-persuaded out of it into a Treaty at Rippon he had probably prevented those ill Consequences that follow'd the slipping that Opportunity However it ended in a patch'd Agreement for the present and gave the King the advantage of being assur'd of the Earl of Montross's Fidelity to him and readiness to serve him On which the King calls a Parliament which met at Westminster Novemb. 3. the same Year And hitherto was but the beginning of Sorrows The Parliament thus met the King declar'd his earnest Desires for the Welfare of the Kingdom desired them as he promis'd he would to lay by all Prejudice and he would freely put himself upon the Love of his Subjects Will'd them to consider of the best way for the Safety and Security of England First in chasing out those Rebels who had invaded it and next for satisfaction of Just Grievances And as freely leaving it to them where to begin clos'd with this That it should not be 〈◊〉 Fault if this were not a good and happy Parliament And truly great might have been the Hopes concerning this Parliament had they not begun a Note too high to make any Confort For first an Impeachment was sent up from the Commons against
the Earl of Strafford who had been the late General against the Scots Novemb. 12. On which he was forthwith taken into Custody and committed to the Tower Novemb. 22. brought to his Trial March 22. which lasted 'till April 13. And lastly attainted by Act of Parliament and thereupon beheaded May 12 following And the same 10th of May that the King gave his Royal Assent to that Bill of Attainder he gave the like to another That this Parliament should not be Dissolv'd or Prorogu'd but by Act of Parliament And now having gotten this firmer footing to what they had begun before in enlarging such as had been fined and imprisoned by the Star-Chamber for Libelling voting Ship-Money unlawful and the Lord Keeper a Traitor impeaching the Archbishop of Canterbury whom after a Four Years imprisonment they beheaded by an Ordinance of Lords and Commons at which Seven Lords only were present They proceed to Acts of Parliament for vacating Ship-Money taking off the several Courts of Star-Chamber High-Commission the Presidencies of Wales and the North the Bishops outed the House of Peers And having singled out the King as it were by Himself they pray a Guard out of the City of London to be Commanded by the Earl of Essex Which the King refusing he is so harass'd with Tumults that he is fore'd to remove from London And which fell fortunately to their Game a Rebellion in Ireland having broke out the 23d of October before the King had given his Assent to two Bills the one for the borrowing 400000 l. for the necessary Defence of England and Ireland the other which brought in little less for the Encouragement of Adventurers for the reducing of Ireland And so having gotten such a Fund they not long after further petition That the Tower of London all other Forts and the whole Militia of the Kingdom might be put into such hands as should be recommended to him by both Houses But being refus'd by the King they publish a Declaration That whatsoever They declare to be Law ought not to be question'd by the King That They without the King are Judges of the Publick Good That the Soveraign Power resides in both Houses and that the King ought to have no Negative Voice That Treason cannot be committed against his Person otherwise than as he is intrusted with the Kingdom and discharges that Trust of which they are Judges And thereupon raise an Army and make the Earl of Essex General thereof and the Earl of Warwick Admiral at Sea notwithstanding the King had appointed another On which many of the House of Commons and most of the Peers repair to the King at York the King proclaims Essex and his Adherents Traitors and sets up his Standard at Nottingham Aug. 20. 1642. In return of which they in 1643. voted the Queen a Traiter for helping her Husband with Ammunition and some English Forces out of Holland And actually brought in an Army of Scots to fight against the King when yet they had made it an Article of High-Treason against the Earl of Strafford for that he should have said at Council-Board If his Majesty pleas'd to employ Forces he had some in Ireland which might serve to reduce the Kingdom The Question also at that time being touching Scotland However the King without other Supplies than the voluntary Assistance of his Loyal Nobility and Gentry made a shift to bring the West the North and several other parts of the Kingdom under his Obedience 'till at last oppress'd by those inexhaustible Banks as the Weekly Assessments which for the Year came to above 1700000 l. the Plate ready Monies and Jewels borrow'd upon the Publick Faith which in London and Middlesex came to upwards of Ten Millions besides the Profits of their new Excise Sequestrations of King's Queen's Prince's Bishops and Delinquents Lands Tonnage Poundage and whatsoever was in any wise due to the King which contrary to the known Laws they had raked to themselves and not being able to recover that fatal Battel of Naseby June 14. 1645. He sunk by degrees and at last threw himself upon his Country-men the Scots who Delivered him up to the Parliament for 200000 l. and they kept Him under a Guard at Holmby The Parliament now in possession of the King came to be divided into two Parties Presbyterian and Independant and the Army which was every of them a Sect by it self thinking they had as much Right to Him as the others seize Him and bring Him to Hampton Court about the middle of August 1647. from whence without bettering His Condition He escapes into the Isle of Wight and by Letter to the Parliament desires a Personal Treaty at London They on the other hand vote Him 5000 l. for His present Accommodation and send Him Four Preliminary Bills to sign but those so Unreasonable that the King refusing them they amongst other things vote no more Addresses should be made to Him and the Army declares to stand by them in those Votes and what shall be further necessary for the prosecution thereof On this several Parties in London Wales Essex Kent c. rise for the King a part of the Navy go off to the Prince and the Scots under Duke Hamilton enter England To suppress these the Army is sent abroad and Cromwel makes against Hamilton takes him Prisoner and pursues the rest to Edinburgh During this absence of his the Parliament revoke their Votes of Non Addresses and appoint Five Lords and Ten Commoners to treat with the King at Newport in the Isle of Wight with Honour Freedom and Safety But alas they dodg'd so long about Trisles that upon Cromwel's return before any thing was concluded the Army remonstrate and require That the King be brought to Justice as the Capital Cause of the Civil War And thereupon having garbled the Commons of Forty odd Members and required that Ninety more and all others that by their Votes Decemb. 5. before had approved the King's Concessions for a Peace at the Isle of Wight should be excluded the House 'till they had enter'd their Dissents to those Votes that Fagg-end of them that was left restor'd the Votes of Non-Addresses voted a Charge of High-Treason against the King and drew up an Ordinance for his Trial Which being rejected by the Lords they made it an Act of their own and on Saturday Jan. 20. 1648. brought Him before a Mock-High-Court of Iustice consisting of one Bradshew their President Cromwel his Son-in-Law Ireton and Seventy two others that appear'd and sate and with ignominious Expressions charg'd Him That as a Publick Enemy of the Common-wealth he had traiterously and maliciously levied War against the present Parliament and the People therein represented And after four Days not allowing Him to be heard unless he first acknowledg'd the Authority of their Court He was as Infamously sentenc'd to have his Head sever'd from his Body which was accordingly executed in the open Street before his Royal Palace of Whitehal Jan. 30.
to him deseated a strong Party under the Command of Sir John Browne and from one step to another at last takes St. Johnstoun He was now about laying a Siege to Sterlin-Castle when the King taking the Opportuity march'd his Army into England by the way of Carliste Aug. 6. 1651. where he was forthwith proclaim'd King and met no opposition 'till he came to Warrington Bridge where Lambert got up with his Reer and was worsted But the King 's wearied Army being not able to reach London he came to Worcester Aug. 22. 1651. where probably he might have expected Supplies though few came in to him saving Sir Cecil Howel Son of the Lord Howard of Escrick who met him by the way with about 60 Horse of his own raising and the Earl of Darby with 250 Foot and about 70 Horse at Worcester from whence going into Lancashire with a considerable number of Officers that had serv'd King Charles I. he form'd a reasonable Army but ere he could get back to the King was intercepted and with the slaughter of most of them taken Prisoner himself and not long after beheaded notwithstanding the Quarter that had been given him On this Cromwel surrounds Worcester where whether it were by Fate or Treachery he gave the King a total Rout the said Septemb. 3. was a Year with the slaughter of 2000 and 8000 taken Prisoners besides 76 Cornets of Horse and 99 Colours of Foot with the King's Standard However the King leaving Colonel Carlosse in his Reer got off in the dark to a House of the Earl of Darby's about Twenty five Miles from Worcester where by the Diligence of the said Colonel and the Fidelity of the Pendrils Men of an ordinary Condition he was first preserv'd in an Oak and from one Disguise to another at last safely landed in France by a small Cole-Bark of which one Tettershal was Master Octob. 22. following And now Cromwel returns triumphantly thro' London with his Trophies and Prisoners driven before him the former of which he hung up in Westminster-Hall and so dieted the latter in Tuttle-Fields that there being scarce 500 of them left alive he sold them Slaves to the Barbadoes But ere he came out of Scotland he had left the Chief Command of the English Forces there to General Monck a Gentleman of an ancient Family in Devon bred a Soldier in the Low-Country Wars and who had honourably serv'd King Charles I. both in England and Ireland but being taken Prisoner by the Parliament and under some straits in the Tower Cromwel who could not engage him to draw his Sword for them in England prevails yet with him to go with him into Scotland against the Covenanters Where having left him Sterlin-Castle was in a short time deliver'd to him Dundee taken by storm and the rest of the Kingdom generally subdu'd or submitted to the New Lords at Westminster On which they enacted the Union of the two Nations and the Abolition of Monarchy in Scotland And yet ere matters came to this heighth there fell an occasion of Quarrel between the Dutch and them Dorislaus who drew the Charge against King Charles I. had been sent by them Ambassadour to the Hague where about a dozen Cavaliers headed by one Whitford enter'd his Chamber as he was at Supper with some of the States kill'd him and got away As not long after ran the same fate Ascham their Envoy at Madrid However this Infant-State thought it not fit to make a downright Quarrel 'till they could go by themselves but sent other Ambassadours St. Johns and Strickland to offer a League with the United Provinces which was entertain'd with so little forwardness that within a Month after the Battel of Worcester they passed an Act against the importing of Merchandize in other than English Bottoms disturb'd their Fishing on the English Coast search'd their Ships as carrying Provisions to France and made some of them Prize And now the Dutch send their Ambassadours to desire that Friendship they before slighted and the Rump on the other hand so stood on Terms never likely to be granted that it came to Blows and the Dutch wisely made the Flag the state of the Quarrel Whereupon ensued several Naval Engagements The first of these was May 17. 1652. where with 23 Ships against 42 of the Dutch of which one was taken another sunk and no one of the English so much as disabled Blake first asserted the Dominion and carried it for that time and the States excus'd it as a rash Action done by Trump without their Privity or Consent But the Men at Westminster requiring Satisfaction for their Charge and Damages before they would hear further It came to a second between Sir George Askew and De Ruyter Aug. 16. and may be call'd a Drawn-Battel though the Dutch out-number'd him by Ten Ships During this time Blake had spoil'd and dispers'd their Herring-Fishing and taken Twelve Men of War that guarded them On which follow'd a third Engagement Octob. 28. between Blake Monck and Deane joint Admirals for the English and Witt Wittens and De Ruyter for the Dutch in which the Reer-Admiral of the Dutch was boarded and taken Two others sunk and One blown up besides Five of their West India Ships and Six Streights-Men which Blake had taken in his coming up to it The fourth was Novemb. 29. with 80 Dutch Ships against 40 English then riding in the Downs not expecting an Engagement in which Blake lost the Garland taken the Bonadventure burnt and three others sunk and by the favour of the Night got off with the rest On which Trump stuck a Broom in his Main-top The fifth was Feb. 8. off of Portland which lasted three Days and in which the English lost one Ship The Sampson and Blake receiv'd a desperate Wound on his Hip the Lameness of which he never recover'd but took Eleven of their Ships of War besides Thirty Merchant-Men On which the Rump laid a Tax of 120000 l. a Month for the maintaining the War The sixth was June 2. 1653. at what time Trump coming upon our Coasts with 104 Ships of War 12 Galleots and 9 Fire-ships was encountred by Monck and Deane with 100 of all sorts The Fight was desperate and lasted two Days during which without any one Ship lost or disabled and saving his Colleagne Deane who was taken off by the Waste by a Great-shot but one Captain kill'd Monck sunk six of their best Ships saw two others blown up and took eleven of which three were Flag-ships when at last Blake coming in with 18 fresh Ships the Dutch got off upon their Flatts The seventh and last Engagement was July 29. when Trump coming up with 95 Ships was met by Monck who by reason of Blake's Indisposition now commanded singly with 106 Ships and fought it 'till Night parted them But by the next Morning Trump being re-enforc'd with 25 Ships by Wittens and Monck having given Orders through his Fleet neither to give nor take Quarter
Quarter'd the Arms thereof Henry V. Conquer'd most of the Kingdom Henry VI. was Crown'd King of France in Paris 1432. James VI. King of Scotland made an Accesion of that Crown to England 1603. and first Quarter'd the Arms of England and Ireland â—ith those of Scotland Beside which the English have superadded several Plantations in America as Virginia 1584. the Bermudaes 1591. Barbadoes Nowingland 1606. Mary-land about 1632. Jamaica 1656. Besides Nova Scotia one half of 〈◊〉 Christopher's Hudson's Bay Now-York Carclina Pensylvania Several other Places of Trade also in the East-India's and Tangier in Africa 1668. but demolish'd in as not worth the charge 〈◊〉 keeping it Of its Decreasings § IX THe greatest Loss it receiv'd has been from France for whereas about the Year 1432. what by Hereditary Right what by Marriages what by Conquest and Submission of the People it had in a manner the whole Kingdom It lost in 1450. not only its New Acquests but Hereditary Provinces to Charles VII King of France who by means of the Civil Wars between the Houses of York and Lancaster so forc'd the English out of France that they retain'd only Callice which also was lost by Queen Mary 1558. However it yet continues the Title and Arms of France other than which it makes no Pretensions nor have those been set on foot for near 150 Years last past CHAP. IV. Of the House of Denmark § I. THere is nothing more certain than that the Danes have had their peculiar Kings for many Ages past whom Historians generally distinguish by eight Periods See Pontanus's Danish History lib. 7. and Beckman's Civil History c. 5 Sect. 6. The Seventh of these Periods is that of the Suenonidae or English-Danes so called from Sueno or Swain-Ethrick whose Ancestors according to Saxo the Grammarian in the 10th Book of his Danish History had a Bear for their first Progenitors For he says That Ulso who was Sueno's Father had one Ursus or Biorno for his Grandfather begot by the monstrous Copulation of a Wild Beast with a young Virgin About the Year 1346. Woldemar the Third descended of this Family was King of Denmark who after a Peace made with Schmeek Magnus King of Sueden brought the Country of Scandinavia under his Jurisdiction in the Year 1360. afterwards in 1363. he obtained Gotland also upon another Peace then concluded with King Albert. He had also Wars with the Hans-Town and dyed 1375. leaving only a Daughter named Margaret whom he gave in Marriage to Haquin second Son of Erick King of Sweden by whom she had Issue Olaus the Sixth who upon his Father Haquin's Decease which happened in 1380. succeeded both to Denmark and Sweden as well as Norway but dyed an untimely Death seven Years after viz. 1387. Whereupon the Government by the consent of the Nobility of Denmark and Norway return'd to Queen Margaret but the Swedes elected Albertus Duke of Mecklenburgh to be their King with whom Queen Margaret was soon engag'd in a War being provoked thereunto by him wherein proving Victorious and taking him Prisoner caused her self to be elected Queen An. 1396. She adopted for her Successor Prince Erick Son of Uratislaus Duke of Pomerania and Grandson of her Sister Ingeburg Wife of Henry the Second Duke of Mecklenburg by her Daughter Mary who at a Convention of the States held at Calmar in 1397. was elected King of the Three Northern Crowns an Hereditary Union being then made by which it was Enacted that for the future the Three Northern Kingdoms should be Govern'd by one and the same Scepter As for Queen Margaret the Danish Semiramis for so she is often stiled she departed this Life in the Year 1412. After which King Erick not so well acquainted with the Arts of Governing as she had been soon drew upon himself the Odium of his People insomuch that in the Year 1439. he was depos'd by 'em and had his Crowns taken from him chiefly on pretence that he had not observ'd his Promises nor kept his Coronation Oath but rather on the contrary opposed a Free Election by naming Bogislaus Duke of Pomerania to succeed him In his room they substituted Prince Christopher his Sister Sophia's Son by her Husband John Count Palatine of the Rhine and Duke of Bavaria which Christopher died without Issue 1448. notwithstanding he had Married Dorothy Daughter of John Marquess of Brandenburg and by this means put an end to the ancient Royal Family of Denmark § II. In this state of Affairs they Elected Adolph Earl of Holstein to be King but he modestly declined the Crown when offered either out of a consideration of the Infirmity of his great Age or else doubtful what might be the success of the Danish Affairs But withal earnestly recommended to their choice Christian Count Oldenburg his Sister's Son who was thereupon Elected and Crowned King by the unanimous consent of all the Nobility as we shall show more at large in the following § 'T will here be expected we should give some account of the Original of this Family of Oldenburg but indeed it is so hid in the Clouds if we may so say by reason of its great Antiquity that little of certainty can be picked out For altho' it be the common Tradition that it is deriv'd from the Posterity of Witikin the Saxon and namely from the Counts of Ringelheim yet Reinerus Renneccius and others think it most advisable to leave things as they find 'em and affirm nothing in so doubtful a matter However they say that towards the end of the Tenth Century one Otho was Earl of Oldenburg who had a certain wonderful Horn given him by a Spirit or Apparition which is to be seen to this day in the Castle of Oldenburg and that he was Father of John Conrade and Rixa That John begat Huno the Glorious Father of Frederick who in the end became a Monk and left a Will by which he made his Cozen Elimar his Heir which Elimar was Son to his great Aunt Rixa by her Husband Hoio Lord of Friezland in Pottenburg and Memmenburg whose Pedigree they also derive from the above-named Witikin That Elimar by Virtue of this Will possess'd himself of the Earldom notwithstanding all the opposition of Milo Count Alvensleb Grand-son of the above-named Conrade and so became the first Count of Oldenburg of his Line Amongst this Princess's Children we find mention made of Elimar the Second who begat Christian the Warlike Father of Maurice by his Wife Cunigund Countess of Locken which Maurice after manifest proofs of his Courage on all occasions retired to a Monastery and was succeeded in the County by his Son Christian the Second Christian the Second had Issue 1. John the First of whom by and by again 2. Otho the Third who by his Charter erected the Town of Delmenhorstan into a City and Founded the Cathedral there An. 1265. 3. Theodorick or Diderick Elected Grand Master of the Teutonick Order in Prussia An. 1335. in the 80th Year of
his Age. John the Eldest of these Three had two Sons I. Christian the Third who in the Division of his Father's Inheritance 'twixt him and his Brother had the County of Delmenherstan for his Patrimony in which he was succeeded by his Son Christian whose Grand-Daughter Adelheid by his Son Otho the Simple was married to Theodorick or Diderick the happy Earl of Oldenburg II. John the Second who in the division aforesaid had the County of Oldenburg settled on him and was Father of Conrade by his Wife Margaret Countess of Lippe Conrade begat Christian the Fifth Canon of Cologne who seeing his Brother Maurice like to die with Issue Male quitted his Canonry and married Agnes of Hohenstein by whom he had 1. Christian the Sixth taken and Imprisoned by the Inhabitants of Bremen and not dismissed but on very hard terms he afterwards died without Issue And 2. Theodorick or Diderick the Happy who by a Marriage with his Cozen Adelheid Heiress of Delmenhorst reunited the two Counties After her Decease he took a Second Wife namely Hedewig Sister of Adolph Earl of Holstein who bore him three Sons Christianus the First born 1425. Maurice and Gerrard § III. Of these Christian the First as has been already observed in the beginning of the last § was elected King of Denmark and Norway in the Year 1448. and ten Years after of Sweden also tho' he lost that Kingdom again in a few Years after He purchased the County of Holstein for 34000. and restored that of Sleswick to the Crown He likewise obtain'd of the Emperour Frederick the Third the Investiture of the Dutchy of Holstein and open'd an University at Copenhagen on the first of June 1479. His Queen was Dorothy the Relict of his Predecessor King Christopher by whom he had this following Issue 1. Margaret given in Marriage to James the Third King of Scotland together with the Isles of Orkney lying in the Northern Seas as security for her Dowry which was to be Fifty Thousand Florins 2. John born 1455. And 3. Frederick of whom more in the next Sect. John succeeded his Father in the Throne and was Crown'd King of Denmark and Norway in the Year 1483. About five or six Years after he reduced Sweden and was Crown'd there also He once more separated the Dutchy of Holstein and Sleswick from the Crown and divided them 'twixt him and his Brother Frederick In 1500 he suffered a great defeat from the Rebellious Inhabitants of Dietmarsh and was also outed by the Swedes some time after In the Year 1513. he departed this Life of a Fever which he took by a fall from his Horse in the Water leaving Issue by Queen Christina Daughter of Ernestus Elector of Sax. only one Son and a Daughter namely I. Elizabeth born 1455. Married to Joachim the First Elector of Brandenburgh 1502. Deceased a Widow 1555. II. Christianus the Second born 1481. The undutiful Son of a most Indulgent Father whose Curse at length he drew upon his Head In his Father's Life-time he was elected to succeed him in his Kingdoms of Denmark Norway and Sweden His Paramour was the fair Columbula whom he kept with a certain Old Woman named Sigberta wholly enslaving himself to her Will He refused the Proposals of a Reconciliation with his Uncle Frederick in the Year 1519. and making an Expedition into Sweden seized on the Capital City of Stockholm caused himself to be Crown'd King and was Author of the bloody Slaughter there Afterwards he was Outed of all his Kingdoms and forced to fly into the Low-Countries from whence returning he was seized and confined by his Subjects and at length ended his Days in 1559. in the Seventy Eighth Year of his Age. The Partner of his Bed and Fortunes was Isabella Sister to the Emperour Charles the Fifth by whom he had only two Daughters that out-liv'd him his Son John dying in the Hungarian Service ' gainst the Turks An. 1532. The Daughters names were 1. Dorothy born 1515 married to Frederick the Second Elector Palatine Deceased 1580. And 2. Christina born 1573 whose first Husband was Francis Storza Duke of Milan and after his Decease Francis Duke of Lorrain She dyed 1590. § IV. We must now look back to Frederick the First elected King of Donmark and Norway in the Year 1523. by the unanimous consent of the Nobility upon their rejecting King Christian This Prince abrogated the Act of Hereditary Union of the Three Northern Cowns in the Year 1524. at a Convention of the States then held at Malmugen He made Profession of the Reformed Religion and after he had thrown out the Monks in 1527. introduced the same into his Countries He was twice married his first Wife being Anne Daughter of John Cicero Elector of Brandenburg who dyed 1521. And his second Sophia Daugher of Bogâ—slans the Tenth Duke of Pemeranta Deceased 1568. By these he had Issue I. Dorothy born 1494. Married to Albert Duke of Prussia Deceased 1547. II. Christianus the Third born 1503. of whom more in the next Sect. III. John Surnam'd The Elder born 1521. Deceased without Issue 1580. IV. Elizabeth Married in 1542. to Magnus and after his Decease in 1556. to Ulrick Dukes of Meckleburg she dyed 1586. V. Anne Deceased of the Plague VI. Dorothy Married to Christopher Duke of Meckelburg in 1573. Deceased 1575. VII Adolph the First Duke of Sleswick born 1526. of whom more hereafter in the Ducal Line of Sleswick VIII Frederick Bishop of Hildesheim born 1529. Deceased Oct. the 27th 1556. § V. Of these Christian the Third succeeded to the Throne about the Year 1537. the beginning of whose Reign was perplexed with many Difficulties all which he Master'd in the end He established the Reformed Religion throughout his Dominions and caused the Holy Bible to be Translated into the Daniso Tongue and above all made it his chiefest care to enjoy a peaceable and quiet Reign He departed this Life 15â—â— leaving behind him the Character and Example of a Devout Peaceable and Excellent Prince By his second Marriage which was with Dorothy Daughter of Magnus Duke of Sax-Lawenburg he had live Children the Daughters being Anne and Dorothy the first Married to Augustus Elector of Saxony the other to Ulrick Duke of Lunenburg The Sons names were 1. Magnus Bishop of Derpte in Livonia who with the assistance of the Russe attempted but in vain the Reduction of Livonta He departed this Life in Poland An. 1585. leaving only a Daughter who being carried into Muscovy by her Mother who was John Basilides the Czaâ—'s Daughter was there Educated and Married to Albert Janowitz Lord High Chancellor of that Country 2. John the Second Progenitor of the Ducal Line of Holstein of whom more in the Eleventh Section And 3. Frederick the Second Eldest of the Three tho' last named who succeeded to the Throne after his Father's Decease in the Year 1559. This Prince gave the Isle of hay to Tycho Brahe that he might the better be at leisure to make
likewise he had the City of Ravel delivered up â—o him by Maurice Wrangel Bishop thereof â—n the Year 1676. Anthony Gunther the last Earl of Oldenburg dying without Issue the present King by right of Inheritance became possessed of the Counties of Oldenburg and Delâ—enborst as also the Lordship of Kniphuse In the Year 1682. there was an accession to this Lrown of the Lordship of Jevern by the Grant of the French King Last of all Christian Adolph Duke of Holstein in Sunderburg was necessitated to part with his Soveraignty to the present King Of its Decrease § IX THe first and indeed the greatest diminution suffered by the Royal Family of Denmark was in the Year 1469. at which time the Princess Margaret was given in Marriage to James the Third King of Scotland together with the Isles of Orkney and Hetland as security for her Portion which was fifty thousand Florins of the Rhine In 1524 the Kingdom of Sweden was torn from it In 1544. at a division then made of Lands in the Dutchy of Holstein 'twixt King Christian the Third and his Brother Adolph the King parted with the Governments of Trictou Oldenburg and Neustadt together with the Monastries of Cismar and Rheinbeck as also the whole Dutchy of Sleswick tho' this last was to be held by Adolph and his Posterity only as a Fife of the Crown In 1564. at another division of Lands then made 'twixt King Frederick the Second and his Brother John the latter obtain'd the Isles of Alsen and Arroe as also the Praefectures or Governments of Ploen Rheinfeld and Arensburg with their Dependencies About the Year 1585. the then King of Denmark lost Oesel as also what-ever else he held in Liffland In 1658. Halland the Isle of Bornholm Schonen and Bleking were set over to the Swede by the fifth Article of the Peace of Roschild As was also the Government of Babuys in Norway with the City and Castle thereof together with the Government of Drontheam and whatever else the Danes had been hitherto possessed of in the Isle of Rugen tho' afterwards by the Articles of Peace concluded on in the Year 1660. Drontheam and Bornhelm were again surrendred to the Danes In 1689. Christian the present King of Denmark restored the Dutchy of Sleswick to Christian Albert the present Duke together with the absolute and independent Sovereignty thereof The same Year in the Month of Aug. the Lordship of Jevern by an amicable agreement was surrendred to the Prince of Anhalt-Servesten Of the Pretensions of this House § X. THe Claims of the Kings of Denmark are to the City of Hamburg as built and enlarged by the ancient Earls of Holstein of the Family of Schaumburg See Harman de Lesbeke Monk of Minden his Chron. Com. Schavenb inter opuscula rerum German Celeberr Henrici Meimbomii And to the Isles of Orkney as Mortgaged to the ancient Kings of Scotland Of the Ducal Line of Holstein § XI IT has been already said in the fifth Section Numb 2. That John Brother of Frederick the Second King of Denmark and Son to King Christian the Third was the first Progenitor of the present Ducal Line of Holstein who being twice Married became the Father of a very numerous Issue which spread it self into the four branches of Sunderburg Nordburg Glucksburg and Pleen Of the Branch of Sunderburg § XII THis Branch began in Alexander born 1573. who in the division of Lands with his Brethren had Sunderburg part of the Isle of Alsen and part of the Peninsula of Sunderwick for his Patrimony Of this Prince's Posterity we shall speak in the first place As for himself he departed this Life in 1627. having had Ten Children by his Wife the Lady Dorothy of Schwartzburg the Sons being 1. John Christian Duke of Holstein in Sunderburg who deceased in the Year 1653 leaving Issue by his Wife the Lady Anne of Oldenburg a Son named 1. Christian Adolph Duke of Holstein c. who now lives at Frantzhagen in Sax-Lawenburg which was his Wife's Portion together with his Son Prince Leopold Christian born 1678. 2. Ernestus Guntherus who lives at Augsburg with his Wife Augusta Daughter to his Uncle Philip Duke of Glucksburg by whom he has had Issue Frederick who now serves in the King of Denmark's Army Ernestus Philip slain at the Siege of Stetin Frederick William Provost of the Cathedral Church at Hamburg Lovise Charlotte married to Lewis Frederick Prince of Holstein in Beck And Ernestus Guntheras who turned his Religion and was made Canon of Colegne 3. Alexander Henry This Prince turn'd Catholick and died in the Year 1667. leaving Issue by his Wife a certain Reform'd Minister's Daughter Three Sons named Ferdinand Leopold Provost of the Cathedral at Breslaw Alexander Rudolph Canon of Bleslaw and Amuzen And George Ernestus Lieutenant General in one of the Imperial Armies 4. Augustus Philip who purchased the Castie of Beck where he died An. 1675 leaving Issue Sophia Lovise married to Frederick Count de Bukeburg Augustus Captain of the Guards to his Electoral Highness the Duke of Brandenburg who married Lovise Daughter of Philip Count de Lippe in Bukeburg and died of a Dysentery at the Siege of Bon An. 1689. Lewis Frederick likewise Captain of the Brandenburg Guards married Jan. the 11th 1685. to Lovise Charlotte his Uncle Ernest Gunther's Daughter Maximilian Anthony Gunther and Ernestus Camire 5. Philip Lewis born 1620. who bought the Castle of Wisenburg in Misnia but lives at present in the Castle of Oberkozau in Voightlandt where he begot three Sons whose names are 1. Frederick Lieutenant-General amongst the Imperialists who took to Wife Charlotte Dutchess of Lignitz by whom he has Issue Leopold born Jan. the 12th 1674. 2. Charles Lewis Captain of the Guards to the Landtgrave of Hesse And 3. William Christian born 1661. a Captain in the Elector of Saxony's Forces Of the Branch of Nordburg § XIII THe second Son of John Duke of Holstein was Frederick Propagator of the Branch of Nordburg who changed this Life for a better An. 1658. his Children being 1. John Bugislaus born 1629. deceased a Batchellor 1680. 2. Christian Augustus who twice Travelled over Palaestine and highly approv'd himself in the Wars by his good Services to the Dutch and English 3. Rudolph Frederick Colonel in the Dutch Forces who married the Countess Bibiana Daughter of Sigismund Sifrid Count de Promnitz the Baron de Lippe's Relict deceased 1685. having born him a Son and a Daughter namely Sophia Henrietta born 1682. and Ernestus Leopold 1684 both which are brought up in the Court of Wolfembuttel He himself died in November 1688. 4. Elizabeth Juliana born May the 24th 1634. and married to Anthony Ulrick Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg 1656. 5. Dorothy Hedewig formerly Lady Abbess of Gandersheim but turn'd Catholick and married Christopher Count de Ranzan And 6. Lovise Amaena married to John Frederick Count de Hohenlob in the Year 1665. Of the Branch of Glucksburg § XIV THe Third Son of Duke
John of Holstein was Philip Propagator of the Branch of Glucksburg whose Wife Sophia Hedewig of Sax-Lawenburg bore him Eleven Children whereof Five were short-liv'd the rest being 1. Christian born 1627. who lives in the Castle of Glucksburg with his Three Sons Philip Ernestus born 1673. Joachim Adolph 1679. And Christian Augustus 1681. 2. Mary Elizabeth born 1628. married to George Albert Marquess of Brandenburg-Culmbach 1651. deceased 1604. 3. Sophia Hedewig married to Maurice Duke of Saxon-Zeitz She died 1652. 4. Augusta espoused by her Cousin-Germain Ernestus Gunther of Augsburg 1651. 5. Christina born 1634. and married to Christian Duke of Sax Mersburg 1650. And 6. Dorothy married first to Christian Lewis Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg and after his decease to Frederick William the Great Elector of Brandenburg An. 1668. She died 1689. Of the Branch of Ploen § XV. IT remains we now speak of the Branch of Ploen which was propagated by Joachim Ernestus Duke John's Fourth Son who died in the Eightieth Year of his Age An. 1671. The Issue of his Body now living are 1. John Adolph born 1634. the Husband of Dorothy Sophia Daughter of Rudolph Augustus Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg by whom he has had Three Sons namely Adolph Augustus born 1680. Joachim Ernestus 1681. deceased the same Year And John Ulrick 1684. 2. Augustus born 1636. sometime Administrator of Magduburg Father of Two Sons by his Wife the Princess Charlotte Elizabeth of Anhalt whose names are Joachim Frederick born 1668. and Christian Charles born 1674. 3 Joachim Ernestus born 1637. General of the Foreign Horse in the Service of the Spanish Netherlands Of the Ducal Line of Sleswick § XVI 'T Is now time to treat of the Ducal Line of Sleswick the Author whereof was Adolph youngest Son of King Frederick the First born 1526. who by the assistance of his Nephew King Frederick the Second overthrew the Rebels of Dietmarsh and made them subject to his Government and thro' the whole course of his Life highly approved his Courage on many other occasions Moreover he was Consecrated Bishop of Slewick and Hildesheim At his Death he was succeeded in his Dutchy by his Son John Adolph who had been Arch-Bishop of Bremen and Bishop of Lubeck ever since the Year 1585. which Provinces however he made over to his Brother John Frederick upon his coming to be Duke In 1603. he had Homage done him by the Hamburgers as Duke of Horstein His Sons were 1. Adolph Slain at the Battel of Leipsick 1631. 2. John Consecrated Bishop of Lubeck deceased 1655. leaving only one Son named John Augustus who being weak in his Intellects lives under the Wardship of his Cousin-Germain the present Bishop of Lubeck And 3. Frederick eldest of the Three tho' last named who succeeded his Father Anno 1616. This Prince very much inlarged the publick Library and built the City Frederickstadt Moreover he sent an Embassie to the Courts of Muscovy and Persia and in 1658. took off the Feudatory Obligation which till then lay on the Dutchy of Sleswick to the Crown of Denmark He departed this Life in the Year 1659. having had to Wife Mary Elizabeth Daughter of John George the first Elector of Saxony who died 1684. and by her this following Issue 1. Magdalen Sibilla born 1631. and married to Gustavus Adolphus Duke of Meckleburg Gustrow 2. Hedewig Eleanor born 1636. the now Relict of Charles Gustavus late King of Sweden 3. Anne Dorothy born 1640. as yet unmarried 4. Augusta Maria given in Marriage to Frederick Magnus Marquess of Baden Durlach An. 1670. 5. Christian Albert the present Duke born Feb. the 3d. 1641. who succeeded his Father and in 1665. opened an University at Kiel In 1676. he lost the whole Dutchy of Sleswick but the difference being some Years after amicably made up 'twixt him and the King of Denmark 't was again restored him by His Majesty An. 1689. His Dutchess is Fredâ—rica Amalia Sister to the present K. of Dermark by whom he has Issue Sophia Amalia 1670. Frederick 1671. Christian Augustus 1673 And Mary Elizabeth 1678. 6. Augustus Frederick the present Bishop of Laiveck who has taken to Wife Christina Daughter of Augustus late Duke of Saxony and Administrator of Magdeburg but in all appearance like to have no Issue by her CHAP. V. Of the House of Sweden § I. ABout the beginning of the last Century the Nobility of Sweden grown weary of the Tyranny of Christian the Second King of Denmark elected Gustavus Son of Erick of Wasa à Grypsholm first Governour then Duke and last of all in the Year 1523. King of Sweden Gothland and the Vandals at which time he had a sharp War with the Danes as also with the Russe tho' afterwards he had Peace with the first He had also a dispute with the City Lubeck in Saxony and departed this Life in the Year 1660. His Queens were Mary Daughter of Erick Abraham of Laholm and Catharine Daughter of Gustavus Governour of West-Gothland by which Ladies he had Issue Three Sons Erick John and Charles Erick the Fourteenth of the Name succeeding his Father in the Throne was Crown'd in the Year 1561. and had Wars with the Panes and Pole He committed his Brother John to Custody and marrying Catharine a Woman of a base Birth and his Concubine before caused her to he Crown'd Queen at Stockholm An. 1568. upon which falling into the contempt and hatred of his Brethren he was the Year following seized and Imprisoned together with his new Concubine Queen in the very Castle of Stockholm Hereupon the Government descended to John the Third second Son of Gustavus by his Wife Mary of Laholm This Prince in 1570. concluded the Peace of Stetin with the Danes as also with the City Lubeck but continued the War with the Czar His Son Sigismund by Catharine Daughter of Sigismund King of Poland was Crown'd King of Poland Dec. 17. 1587. Himself died 1592. having first secured the Succession of Sweden to his Son Sigismund who was accordingly Crown'd Feb. 19. 1594. tho' the Swedish Nobility renounc'd their Allegiance five Years after viz 1699. and deprived him of the Kingly Dignity substituting in his place his Uncle Charles the Ninth Third Son of the above named Gustavus and Brother by the same Mother to the late King John the Third under whom a War immediately broke out with the Poles for Liffland which afterwards gave rise to another bloody One with the Danes There was surviving at this time another Son of John the Third's by his Wife Gunilla Daughter of John Bielk whose name was also John He was created Duke of Finland and East-Gothland and died without Issue 1618. notwithstanding he had married Mary Elizabeth Daughter to his Uncle Charles the Ninth § II. Upon which Charles and his Posterity of both Sexes the Crown was settled Sigismund and his Race being excluded for ever He was Crown'd in the Year 1607. having been Governour of the Common-wealth now more than seven Years His
Death bears date 1611. in the sixty first Year of his Age. The first Wife he married was Anne Mary Daughter of Lewis Elector Palatine by whom he had a Daughter named Catharine living at his Death married to John Casimire Count Palatine of Deux-Ponts and by that match Grandmother of the present King His second Wife's name was Christina Daughter of Adolph Duke of Holstein who bore him Two Sons and as many Daughters viz. 1. Christina deceased in her Infancy 2. Gustavus Adolphus of whom more in the next Sect. 3. Mary Elizabeth married to John Duke of Finland And 4. Charles Philip Duke of Sudermanland deceased 1622. § III. Gustavus Adolphus who succeeded his Father was born in the Year 1594. and Crowned King of Sweden 1617. Two years after his Father's Death he made Peace with the Danes An 1613. and with the Muscovites the same Year he was Crown'd He continued the War with the Poles and reduced all Liffland in the Year 1625. making Prussia Regal the seat of War In 1630. he made an Expedition into Germany for suppressing the Enemies of the Reformed Religion where he was slain at the Battel of Lutzen Nov. 16. 1632. leaving Issue by Mary Eleanor Daughter of John Sigismund Elector of Brandenburg only a Daughter the Princess Christina who under the Regency of her Mother carried on the War in Germany by her General Charles Gustavus of Deux-Ponts her Father's Sister 's Son In the mean time the Danish War broke out a fresh till a Peace was again concluded with 'em in the Year 1645. As also with the Emperour and his Confederates In 1648. she changed her Religion and turned Catholick and taking her way thro' France went for Rome where she continued till the day of her Death which was in the Year 1689. on April 9. Old Stile § IV. Hereupon the Government fell to Charles Gustavus as next of Blood being Son to Catharine Gustavus Adolphus's Sister as hath been already said He was Crown'd King of Sweden June 16. 1654. and immediately ingaged in a War with the Pole wherein by the assistance of his Ally Frederick William the Great Elector of Brandenburg he made himself Master of almost all Poland and Prussia In the mean time the Muscovites make an Incursion into Liffland and the Danes invade Bremen both which he opposed with good success He departed this Life Feb. 13. 1660. leaving by Hedewig Eleanor Daughter of Frederick Duke of Sleswick Charles the Eleventh the present King at the Age of five Years to succeed him Who being educated under the Government of his Mother and the Nohility by the Mediation of the French King concluded the Peace of St. Olives in the first Year of his Reign 1660. with the Emperor the King of Poland and his Serene Highness the Elector of Brandenburg Afterwards making an Alliance with the French he had a fresh War with the Danes as also the Elector of Brandenburg and his Allies especially with the Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg till Peace was once more restored by the Treaty of Nimeguen In 1680. he settled the Monarchy and revoked all Grants of the Crown Demeans made to this or that Family by any of his Ancestors and the same Year married Ulrica Eleanora Princess of Denmark by whom he has Issue 1. Hedewig Sophia born June 26. 1681. 2. Charles Prince Royal born June 17. 1682. 3. Ulrick Eleanor Jan. 21. 1688. as for Gustavus Ulrick and Charles Gustavus they were both short liv'd § V. It remains we say something of Sigismund the Third King of Poland who left Two Sons 1. Uladislaus the Fourth his Successor in that Kingdom who brought the Muscovites to such terms as made 'em Surrender to the Poles whatever they had taken from them till that time nevertheless died without Issue May 20. 1648. And 2. John Casimire Jesuit and Cardinal who upon his Brother's decease was by a dispensation from the Pope Elected and Crowned King on the 17th of January in the same Year yet afterwards abdidicated the Government and resumed his Monastick Habit being the last of the Swedish Race in Poland Of the Augmentation of This Family § VI. IT has been already observ'd how Gustavus of Wasa was the first of the present Royal Family of Sweden He was Crowned in 1523. and at the same time had Sweden properly so called put into his Possession together with Nord-Land Gothland Finland and whatever else appertained at that time to the Kingdom of Sweden In 1578. the Soldiers of Liffland put themselves with their Families and Effects under the Protection of Erick King of Sweden which was afterwards confirmed by the Peace concluded at the Monastry of St. Olives in Dantzick by which Peace all Livonia beyond the Dwina was adjudged to the Swede for ever Article the 4th Sect. 1. In 1618. Gustavus Adolphus by the Peace then made with the Muscovite gained the Russian Carelia and Ingermanlands In 1648. the hither Pomerania with the Isle of Rugen c. were yielded up to the Swedes as were also the City of Weismar Dutchy of Bremen and Principality of Ferden by the Instrument of the Peace of Osenburg Art 10. By the Peace of Roschild concluded with the Danes 1658. there was an Accession to this Crown of Halland Schenen and Bleking together with the Government and Citadel of Babuys all which was ratified by the Treaty of Nimeguen Of its Decrease § VII THere is scarce any Instance to be given in this Family of any diminution suffered by It unless the Inhabitants of Ingermanland's leaving their Native Country and retiring into Muscovy with their Families and Effects be looked upon as One and therefore can have no Claims were it not that the present King of Sweden has a just pretension to the Dutchy of Deux-Ponts taken from his Family by the French King CHAP. VI. Of the House of Portugal § I. HOw Portugal then called Lusitania together with all Spain became first subject to the Roman Government how the Goths beat out the Romans and established themselves there how afterwards about the Year 714. the Moors and Saracens after a total defeat given Roderick the last King of the Goths made themselves Masters in a manner of the whole Country the brevity of our design will not permit us to discourse at large If any are desirous to be acquainted with the particulars of these Transactions let 'em consult the famous Pufendorf and those other Authors mentioned by Beckman in the first Chapter and first Section of his Civil History 'T is sufficient for us to know that towards the latter end of the Eleventh Century Alphonso the Sixth King of Castile had very frequent and bloody Wars with the Moors in which a certain Prince named Henry descended as some say from the House of Burgundy as others from that of Lorain was chiefly signalized for his Valour and good Services to the Crown King Alphonso in reward of his Merit gave him Portugal then lately recovered from the Moors under the Title of
Elizabeth born 1540. married to John Frederick Duke of Saxony 1558. deceased 1594. 4. Herman Lewis drowned in France 1556. 5. John Casimire born March 7. 1543. who by his Wife Elizabeth as others Anne Daughter of Augustus Elector of Saxony had an only Daughter named Dorothy born 1580. married to John George Prince of Anhault Dessau 1598 or 95 deceased 1618. or 1610. 6. Susanna Dorothy born Nov. 19. 1544. married to John William Duke of Saxony 1560. deceased March 4. 1592. 7. Albert deceased an Infant An. 1546. 8. Anne Elizabeth born 1545. and married in 67. to Philip the Second Landtgrave of Hesse and again in 1599. to John Augustus Count Palatine in Deux Ponts she died 1609. 9. Charles deceased in his Infancy 1552. 10. Cunigunda Jacobaea born 1556. espoused to John Count Nassau in Dillenburg deceased 1586. 11. Christopher born June 13. 1551 sent by his Father to the Wars in Flanders and there Slain at the Battel of Mockerheiden 1574. Lewis the Sixth was his Father's Successor and wholly addicted to Luther's way of Worship as also a constant Reader of the Holy Scriptures Moreover he subscribed the Book of Concord being a very Peaceable Prince never medling with other Mens matters His first Princess was Elizabeth Daughter of Philip Landtgrave of Hesse who deceasing in 1582. he took to Wife Anne Daughter of Ezhard Earl of East-Friseland By the first Lady he had Issue Eleven Children whereof only Two were living at his Death which happened in the Year 1583. namely Frederick the Fourth and Mary Anne born 1561. who was married to Charles Duke of Sudermanland afterwards King of Sweden and died 1580. § X. Frederick the Fourth was born March 5. 1547. and brought up a Protestant In 1606. he built Manheim and began to fortifie the same He likewise very much enlarged the University of Heidelberg and took no less care for the Improvement of the whole Province His Death bears date Sept. 9. 1610. His Princess being Lovise Juliana Daughter of William Prince of Orange and his Issue by her as followeth 1. Lovise Juliana born June 16. 1594. married to John the Second Count Palatine of Deux-Ponts 1612. deceased 1640. or 1637. 2. Frederick the Fifth Prince Elector born Aug. 16. 1596. 3. Elizabeth Charlotte born Nov. 7. 1597. married to George William Elector of Brandenburg 1616. deceased 1657. or 1660. 4. Lewis Philip born Nov. 23. 1602. who being Ship'd in the same bottom was obliged to run the same Risque with his Brother Frederick Nevertheless he had the Palatinate of Simmeren restored him by the Instrument of the Feace of Osenburg and died afterwards at Berlin An. 1654. His Princess was Mary Eleanor Daughter of Joachim Frederick Elector of Brandenburg by whom he had Issue 1. Herman Maurice Francis born Oct. 1. 1640. in whom the Branch of Simmeren withered and became extinct by his dying without Issue An. 1673. And 2. Elizabeth Charlotte Mary born Oct. 24. 1638. and affianced to George Duke of Lignitz she departed this Life 1664. Frederick the Fifth succeeded his Father in the Electorate and was Elected and Crown'd King of Bohemia also in opposition to Ferdinand the Second Nov. 4. 1619. but being defeated the Year following by the Emperor's Forces in a great Battel Fought in a place called the White Hill not far from Prague was forced to fly into Holland whereupon he was forthwith Proscribed deposed from his Electoral Dignity and beat out of all his Dominions notwithstanding the great distast shown thereat by the Electors of Saxony and Brandenburg and many other Princes Nevertheless the greater part of the Palatinate being recovered after the Battel of Leipsick by Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden Frederick after ten Years Exile came to Frankfort in the Year 1632. and continued in those Parts for some time But this was only a Mockery of Fortune for he died at Mentz on Nov. 19. in the same Year O. S. not many Months after the Death of His Swedish Majesty who was Slain at the Battel of Lutz leaving the Princess Elizabeth Daughter of James the First King of Great Britain a disconsolate Widow and by her this following Issue 1. Frederick Henry born Jan. 1. 1614. and drowned in Harlem Meer on the 7th of the same Month An. 1629. and the 15th of his Age. 2. Charles Lewis born Dec. 22 12. 1617. of whom more in the next Section 3. Elizabeth born Dec. 26. 1618. she was made Lady Abbess of Hervorden in Germany being mightily addicted to the Muses and study of Philosophy especially Des Cartes's or the new and departed this Life on Jan. 8. 1680. 4. Rupert the Eleventh born Dec. 17. 1619. at Prague in Bohemia but brought up in Holland At the Battel of Lemgow he was taken and sent Prisoner to the Emperor at Vienna From whence being set at liberty he came for England where in 1642. he opposed with good Success the Rebellious Forces of the Parliament raised against the Government of King Charles the First In 1650. he left England and went for Portugal and from thence into Germany to his Brother After the Restauration of Charles the Second King of England he returned into that Country where he was made Admiral and at length died a Batchellor on the 19th of Nov. 1682. 5. Maurice born Dec. 27 17. 1620. Perished by Shipwrack in the Atlantick Ocean An. 1654. 6. Lovise Hollandina born 1622. and brought up a Protestant but she changed her Religion and went into France where she became Lady Abbess of Maubuison and died July 5. 1684. 7. Lewis born 1623. deceased two Years after 8. Edward born Oct. 6. 1624. who sought his Fortunes in France where in short he married Anne Gonzaga Daughter of Charles Duke of Nevers turn'd Catholick and died March 13. 1663. leaving Issue Three Daughters 1. Mary Lovise married to Charles Oths Count de Solmes deceased Mar. 11. 1679. 2. Anne born July 23. 1647. married to Henry Julius de Bourbon Duke d' Enghien Dec. 11. 1663. deceased And 3. Benedicta Henrietta Philippina born 1648. and married in 1668. to Frederick Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg She is now a Widow and lives at Paris 9. Henrietta Maria born 1626. she was married to Sigismund Prince of Transilvania and died Sept. 18. 1651. 10. Philip born Sept. 16 26. 1627. and Slain at the Battel near St. Stephens Dec. 15. 1650. 11. Sophia born Octob. 13. 1630. and married in 1658. to Ernest Augustus Bishop of Osenburg and Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg 12. Gustavus born Jan. 14. 1632. deceased in the same Month 1641. And 13. Charlotte deceased an Infant 1631. but born 1628. and should have been mentioned next Prince Philip. § XI We now return to Charles Lewis who during his Father's Exile was brought up in Holland where he made great Proficiency in the Study of Languages and other Sciences By the Peace of Prague there was only an Allowance settled on him and his Brethren suitable to their Quality but at length by that of
Munster and Osenburg in 1648. He had the Lower Palatinate and Bergstrasse restored him and was constituted the Eighth Elector and Chief Treasurer of the Empire At the same time was the University of Heidelberg restored Liberty of Conscience granted the Protestants Measures taken for restoring Peace to the Church and Manheim repaired Upon the Decease of the Emperor Ferdinand the Third there was a Dispute betwixt him and the Elector of Bavaria touching their right to the Vicarship of the Empire during the Inter-regnum He had also several Contests for the Wildtangiate In 1650. he took to Wife Charlotte Daughter of William the Fifth Landtgrave of Hesse who afterwards was parted from him and returned home upon some Discontents that arose between ' em Nevertheless he had Issue by her Charlotte Elizabeth born 1652. and married in 71. to Philip Duke of Orleans the present French King's only Brother and Charles born March 31. 1651. who indeed succeeded him but out-liv'd him only five Years deceasing May 16. 1685. and that without Issue notwithstanding he had taken to Wife Wilhelmina Ernestina Daughter of Frederick the Third late King of Denmark and Sister to Christian the Fifth the present King Moreover 't is to be noted of Prince Charles Lewis the Father that besides the Princess of Hesse his lawful Wife he super-induced another whose name was Lovise Degenfeld by whom he had this Issue living at his Death 1. Charles Lewis the Rhinegrave born 1658. 2. Charlotte born 1659. and married to Meinhard Count Schomberg 1683. 3. Lovise born Jan. 15. 1661. 4. Aemilia Elizabeth born March 22. 1663. 5. Charles Edward born May 9. 1668. 6. Charles Maurice Dec. 30. 1670. 7. Charles Auguste Oct. 9. 1672. And 8. Charles Casimire Apr. 22. 1675. § XII 'T is now time that Lewis surnamed The Black mentioned by us in the seventh Section Numb 3. be brought once more on the Stage In the division of the Hereditary Provinces 'twixt him and his Brother Frederick he obtain'd the Dutchy of Deux-Ponts and County of Veldentz for his Patrimony wherein he was succeeded at his death An. 1489. by his Son Alexander who marrying the Lady Margaret Daughter of Crato Earl of Hohenloh had Issue Lewis the Second born 1502. George Canon of Cologne and Triers and Rupert who became possessed of the Counties of Lautereck and Veldentz by the grant of his Nephew Wolfgang of Newburg and was succeeded in the same by his Son George John who by the donation of his Kinsman Otho Henry the Elector became possessed of the County of Lutzelstein also and departed this Life 1592. leaving Issue by Anne Mary Daughter of Gustavus King of Sweden as followeth 1. George Gustavus born Feb. 6. 1564. 2. Anne Margaret married to Richard Count Palatine in Simmeren An. 1591. 3. Ursula born 1573. married to Lewis Duke of Wurtenburg of the Line of Mompelgart 1585. deceased 1636. 4. John Augustus born 1575. deceased without Issue Sept. 18. 1611. 5. Lewis Philip born 1577. and Slain at Heidelberg by accident in a Tournament An. 1601. 6. Joan Elizabeth born 1579. deceased 1599. 7. George John born 1586. whose Wife was the Lady Daughter of Otho Henry Count Palatine in Sultzbach by whom he had four Children but none of them out-liv'd him Wherefore George Gustavus who departed this Life 1634. was the only Propagator of the Branch of Veldentz having had by his Wife Mary Elizabeth Daughter of John the First Count Palatine of Deux-Ponts this following Issue namely 1. Anne Magdalen born 1602. and married to Henry Duke of Munsterberg she died 1630. 2. John Frederick Colonel of the Swedish Regiment deceased 1632. 3. Charles Lewis who likewise serv'd under His Swedish Majesty and died of his Wounds at Wolmerstadt July 17. 1631. 4. Magdalen Sophia born Nov. 24. 1622. deceased 1631. 5. Mary Sibilla who was an Abbess and died 1649. 6. Leopold Lewis born Feb. 1. 1625. By the Peace of Osenbrug he recovered the County of Veldentz and in 1654. he became possessed of that of Lutzelstein also by right of Inheritance Nevertheless in the last French War he was beat out of all and has ever since liv'd in Exile His Children by the Princess Agatha Christina Daughter to Philip Wolfgang Count of Hanaw are 1. Anne Sophia born 1650. 2. Gustavus Philip born 1651. deceased 1679. 3. Elizabeth Joan born 1653. and married to John Rhinegrave in Mortchingen 4. Christina born 1654. deceased the Year following 5. Christian Lewis born 1656. deceased 1658. 6. Dorothy born 1658. 7. Leopold Lewis 1659. deceased 1660. 8. Charles George born May 27. 1660. and Slain at the Storming of Buda 1686. 9. Agatha Eleanor born 1662. deceased 1664. And 10. Augustus Leopold born 1663. and Slain at the Siege of Mentz 1689. § XIII We must now look back to Lewis the Second of whom we made mention in the beginning of the last Section He succeeded his Father Lewis the Black and had the Dutchy of Dexu Ponts settled on him as also the Counties of Veldentz and Sponheim out of all which Provinces he totally extirpated the Romish Religion and embraced Luther's Faith He departed this Life in the Year 1532. and was succeeded by his Son Wolfgang born 1526. This Wolfgang had Newburg on the Danube and Sultzbach afterwards given him by his Kinsman Otho Henry the Elector Whereupon he made over the Counties of Veldentz and Lautereck to his Uncle Rupert Afterwards he order'd by his Will that his Posterity should Branch themselves into two Lines viz. Deux-Ponts and Newburg and that in both the Right to Succession by Birth-right should be observ'd to Newburg he subjected Sultzbach as Birkenfeld to Deux-Ponts His Death fell in the Year 1569. at which time he had Four Sons surviving by his Wife the Princess Anne Daughter of Philip the Stout Landtgrave of Hesse whose names were Philip Lewis born Oct. 1. 1547. John the First born May 18. 1550. Otho Henry July 22. 1556. deceased 1604. and Charles Propagator of the Branch of Birkenfeld Sept. 4. 1560. Of the Line of Newburg § XIV PHilip Lewis in whom this Line began was a Prince famous for his great Prudence in the Government of his Family as also for his Zeal to Religion He departed this Life in the Year 1614. leaving Issue by Anne Daughter of William Duke of Cleve 1. Anne Mary born Aug. 12. 1575. married to Frederick William the first Duke of Sax-Altenburg deceased Feb. 1. 1643. 2. Dorothy Sabina born 1576. deceased 1598. 3. Wolfgang William born Oct. 28. or 29. 1587. 4. Otho Henry born 1580. deceased 1587. or 1598. 5. Augustus Author of the Branch of Sultzbach born Oct. 2. 1582. of whom and his Posterity we shall say more in the next Section when we come to treat of that Branch 6. Aemilia Hedewig born 1584. deceased 1607. And 7. John Frederick born Aug. 23. 1587. deceased 1647. His Wife was Sophia Agnes Daughter of Lewis Landtgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt by whom he had Six Children yet not one of them survived
him Wolfgang William who succeeded his Father in the Dutchy of Newburg An. 1614. turned Papist the same Year and by that means was very uneasie to his Mother and Brethren He was embroiled in the Low-Country Wars for the Succession to the Dutchy of Juliers and departed this Life 1653. having had three Wives the first being Magdalen Daughter of William Duke of Bavaria deceased 1628. The second Catharine Charlotte Daughter of John the Second Dake of Deux Ponts deceased March 21. 1651. and the third Mary Frances Daughter of Francis Egon Earl of Furstenburg who died the same Yeat she was married viz. May 7. 1652. By the first of these Ladies he was Father of Philip William the present Duke born Nov. 24. 1615. who succeeded him at his Death An. 1643. In 1666. the difference 'twixt him and the Elector of Brandenburg touching their Right of Succession to the Dutchies of Cleves and Juliers was fairly accommodated after several sharp Disputes which at length ended in Blows After the decease of Charles Elector Palatine which hapned as hath already been said in 1685. He became possessed of the Electorate by Virtue of the Instrument of the Peace of Osenburg Art 5. Nevertheless he has been since thrown Out contrary to all Law and Equity by the French King An. 1688. And altho' he had recovered many Places in It in the Year 1689. by the assistance of the Confederates yet he continues as yet at Newburg In 1642. he took to Wife the Princess Anne Catharine Constance Daughter of Sigismund the third King of Poland After whose decease An. 1651. he most happily contracted himself a second time in the Year 1653. to the Princess Elizabeth Amalia Daughter of George Prince of Hesse-Darmstadt his present Dutchess by whom he is Father of a fair Race of Princes their Names as follow 1. Eleanor Magdalen Theresia born at Dusseldorp Jan. 6. 1655. married Jan. 6. 1677. or Dec. 14. 1676. at Passau to the present Emperor Leopold the First 2. Mary Adelheid Anne born Jan. 6. 1656. deceased Dec. 23. in the Year following 3. Sophia Elizabeth born 1657. deceased 1658. 4. John William Joseph Prince Hereditary born at Dusseldorp Ap. 19. 1658. and married at Newstadt in Austria on Oct. 25. New-Stile 1678. to the Princess Mary Anne Joseph Daughter of the Emperor Ferdinand the Third by Eleanor of Mantua his third Wife In 1683 she was brought to Bed of a Boy but Still born In 1686. she Miscarried a second time after which she never had her Health well but died within three Years after at Vienne viz. Ap. 17 7. 1689. 5. George Wolfgang born 1659. and designed for Bishop of Breslaw but died June 3. 1683. 6. Lewis Anthony Grand Master of the Teutonick Order born at Dusseldorp July 9. 1660. 7. Charles Philip born Nov. 4. 1661. and married at Berlin on July 24. 1688. to Lovise Charlotte de Ratzeville Lewis Marquess of Brandenburg's Widow 8. Alexander Sigismund Dean of Augsburg and President of the Chapter of Constance born at Newburg Ap. 16. 1663. 9. Francis Lewis born at Newburg July 24. 1664. and elected Bishop of Breslaw Jan. 30. 1683. 10. Frederick William born at Dusseldorp July 20. 1665. 11. Mary Sophia Elizabeth born Aug. 6. 1666. and married in 1687. to Peter King of Portugal 12. Mary Anne born at Dusseldorp Oct. 28. 1667. and affianced to Charles the Second King of Spain Aug. 28. 1689 to which Prince she is now going to be sent 13. Philip William Augustus born Nov. 18. 1668. 14. Dorothy Sophia July 12. 1670. 15. Hedewig Elizabeth Amalia July 18. 1673 16. John deceased 1675. 17. Leopoldina Eleanor Sophia born May 27. 1679. Of the Branch of Sultzbach § XV. 'T Is now time that Augustus Propagator of this Branch again appear having been already mention'd by us in the beginning of the last Section Numb 5. His Wife was Hedewig Daughter of John Adolph Duke of Holstein who bore him 1. Anne Sophia married to Joachim Erneste Count Ettingen deceased 1675. 2. Christian Augustus born July 16. 1622. a Prince of as many and as great both natural and acquired Accomplishments as humane Nature is capable of His Princess was Amalia of Nassau who departed this Life 1669. having born him Issue as followeth 1. Hedewig Augusta born 1650. married to Julius Francis Duke of Sax-Lawenburg deceased 1681. 2. Amalia Sophia a Professed Nun born 1651. 3. Julianus Augustus born 1654. deceased 1657. 4. Christian Ferdinand born 1656. deceased 1658. And 5. Theodore born Feb. 14. 1659. the Joy and Hopes of his aged Parent 3. Adolph Frederick decease 1624. 4. Augusta Sophia born 1624. she was married to Wenceslaus Duke de Lobkowitz and died 1682. 5. John Lewis deceased 1649. And 6. Philip born Jan. 19. 1630. whose Courage and Conduct in Military Affairs is sufficiently known to all Europe He has hitherto lived a Batchellor Of the Line of Deux-Ponts § XVI PRince John second Son of Wolfgang Duke of Newburg and Deux Ponts of whom we spoke in the thirteenth Section was Author of the new Line of Deux-Ponts his Wife being Magdalen Daughter of William Duke of Cleve Juliers and Mons by whom he had seven Children which we shall set down in the following Order 1. Lewis William born 1580. deceased 1581. 2. Mary Elizabeth born 1581. married to George Gustavus Count Palatine of Veldentz and Lautereck deceased 1637. 3. Anne Jacobea born 1582. deceased the Year following 4. Anne Magdalen deceased in her Infancy 5. John the Second born 1584. of whom again a little below 6. Frederick Casimire born 1585. whose usual Residence was at Landsberg where he left an only Son surviving at his death which happened in 1645. born him by his Wife the Princess Amalia Daughter to William Prince of Orange An. 1619. and named 1. Frederick which Frederick succeeded in 1661. by Right of Inheritance to the Dutchy of Deux-Ponts upon the decease of his Cousin Frederick without Issue Male as you will see below Nevertheless he lost it again in the last French War and departed this Life April 1. 1681. leaving only two Daughters notwithstanding the numerous Issue he had born him by his Wife the Princess Juliana Magdalen of Deux-Ponts his Cousin-Germain Their names are 1. Charlotte Amalia born 1653. and affianced to John Philip Count Isenburg And 2. Elizabeth Christina born 1656. and married in 1678. to Emico Count de Leiningen 7. John Casimire born 1589. of whom more below We now return to John the Second who succeeded his Father in the Dutchy of Deux-Ponts This Prince obtained of the Emperor a Power to Sit and Vote in the Diets of the Empire and dyed in the Year 1635. having had to his first Wife Catharine Daughter of Renatus Count Roven deceased 1607. and by her a Daughter named Magdalen Catharine who was married to Christian the First of Birckenfeldt and died 1648. His second Dutchess was Lovise Juliana Daughter of Frederick the Fourth Elector Palatine deceased 1640. or 1637. by which last Lady
Marck assigned him by his Brother Lewis but died without Issue 1366. or 69. 2. William who had the Government of Holland and Zealand in the Netherlands settled on him by his Mother but fell distracted and died so 1377. 3. Anne affianced to Gunther Count Swartzburg 4. Elizabeth remarried after the decease of her first Husband John Duke of the Lower Bavaria to Ulrick Count Wirtenberg and again after his decease to Scaliger Duke of Verona 5. Otho Henry his Brother's Successor in the Marck which nevertheless he Sold for 200000 Florins to Wenceslaus Son to the Emperor Charles the Fourth and died 1379. 6. Albert the First who succeeded his Brother William in the Government of Holland and Zealand and left the same to his Son William the Second He departed this Life 1404. or according to Others 1405. having had Margaret Daughter of Lewis Duke of Brieg in Silesia to his first Wife and another Margaret Daughter of Adolph Duke of Cleve to his second His Issue by these Ladies were 1. William the Second who succeeded his Father in the Counties of Holland Zealand and Haynalt and died 1417 having had Mary Daughter of Charles the Fifth King of France to his first Wife and after her decease Margaret Daughter of Philip the Bold Duke of Burgundy by which last he had Issue an only Daughter named Jaqueline married to the Dauphin of France and after his untimely Death to John of Burgundy Duke of Brabant by which Match the Provinces aforesaid were passed over to the House of Burgundy This Lady Jaqueline after many turns of Fortune departed this Life Oct. 8. 1436. 2. Albert the Second who liv'd at Stranbingen in Bavaria where he likewise deceased An. 1399. 3. John elected Bishop of Liege An. 1400. with the Inhabitants of which City he had afterwards much ado Nevertheless upon his Brother's decease he quitted both Orders and Bishoprick taking to Wife Elizabeth of Lutzelburg yet departed this Life without Issue An. 1424. but not without suspicion of Poyson 4. Margaret married to John the Bold Duke of Burgundy An. 1385. deceased 1426. 5. Joan affianced to Albert the Fourth of Austria deceased 1390. 6. Catharine to Edward Duke of Guelderland And 7. Anne to Wenceslaus afterwards Emperor An. 1377. she died 1388. § XIX Return we therefore to Stephen in whose Issue this Line was continued He departed this Life 1375. having had Elizabeth Daughter of Lewis King of Sicily and Hungary to his first Wife and another Elizabeth Daughter of John the Second Burgrave of Norimberg to his Second His Issue by the first Venture were 1. Stephen the Second who had Ingolstadt and the Lands belonging thereunto for his Patrimony a Prince renown'd for his Piety and Courage and very dear to his Subjects on that account He departed this Life in the Year 1413. having been twice married first to Thaddaea the Vice-Count of Milan's Daughter and after her decease to Margaret Daughter of Adolph Duke of Cleves By the first he had Issue 1. Isabel married to Charles the Sixth King of France 1385. deceased 1435. 2. John Bishop of Ratisbonn◠deceased 1409. 3. Lewis Barbatus or Long-beard a Prince of an uneasie Temper impatient either of an Equal or Superior He had Wars with his Son Lewis the Crooked whom he would have disinherited in favour of his natural Son in which he was taken Captive by his Son and Imprisoned at Newburg From thence he was Sold to Albert Achilles Elector of Brandenburg and by him a second time to Henry Duke of Bavaria in Landshut for two and thirty thousand Florins in whose Custody he died at Burchausen An. 1447. His Wives were two French Ladies Anne of Bounbon and Catharine Daughter of Peter Count d' Alençon By the first he had Issue 1. Lewis the Crooked deceased before his Father An. 1445. and without Issue notwithstanding he had married Margaret Daughter of Frederick the Second Elector of Brandenburg 2. Elizabeth married to Otho of Austria An. 1312. 3. Frederick who had Landshut and the Lands belonging thereunto assigned him for his Patrimony of whose Posterity we shall immediately treat And 4. John of whom more in the next Section as only Propagator of this Line Now Frederick was surnamed The Wise and very happy in making People Friends when at difference He departed this Life at Landshut Dec. 4. 1393. leaving Issue by Magdalen Daughter of Bernabovius Vice-Count of Milan his Second Wife for by Anne Daughter of the Earl of Neyffen his first he had never any as followeth 1. Magdalen given in Marriage to John Meinhard Count of Goritia 2. Elizabeth espoused by Frederick the First Elector of Brandenburg deceased 1443. 3. Margaret by Mark Vice-Count of Milan 4. Henry who being left an Orphan by his Parents in his tender Years had his Estate ruin'd in a manner by the ill management of Guardians yet afterwards by the more prudent Conduct of a certain Priest very well acquainted with the methods of House-keeping and improving an Estate not only redeem'd all things that had been any ways Imbezel'd or Mortgaged but being given to Parcimony laid up such great Treasures that in short he obtain'd the name of Rich. He departed this Life in the Year 1450. having had to Wife Anne Daughter of Albert the Fourth of Austria His Children by her necessary to be here mention'd were Joan and Elizabeth the one married to Otho Count Palatine in Mosbach The other to Ulrick Count Wirtenburg and died 1478. As also 1. Lewis a very dutiful Son who was likewise his Successor and had many Wars In 1450. he banished the Jews confiscating their Estates and Effects to his Exchequer and departed this Life 1479. At which time he left Issue by Amalia Daughter of Frederick the Second Elector of Sax. who died 1502. Margaret married to Philip Elector Palatine An. 1474. decased 1501. And 1. George surnamed the Rich who Founded the University at Ingolstadt and took to Wife Hedewig Daughter of Casimire King of Poland by whom he had Issue surviving at his death which happened in 1503. Elizabeth whom he married to Rupert the Tenth Count Palatine leaving her also his Heiress by Will which gave rise to a very bloody War 'twixt the Palatine and Bavarian Lines Margaret professed a Nun Lewis the Ninth deceased before his Father And Rupert in his Infancy § XX. Matters thus far cleared return we now to John youngest Son of Stephen the First who in the division of the Hereditary Teritories had Munchen for his Patrimony where he deceased 1397. His Wife was Catharine Daughter of Meinhard Earl of Goritia deceased 1391. who bore him Issue 1. William the Third a great defender of the Council of Basil who died 1463. leaving Issue by Margaret of Cleves Adolph and William both short-liv'd 2. Sophia married in 1389. to the Emperor Wenceslaus deceased 1428. And 3. Erneste deceased 1438. leaving Issue by Elizabeth Daughter of Bernabovius Vice-Count of Milan Elizabeth married to Adolph Duke of Bergen An. 1434. and after
married to John Elector of Brandenburg deceased 1511. Wherefore William seeing himself destitute of Issue Male adopted Ernestus and Albertus his Brother Frederick's Sons and departed this World 1482. § II. Frederick the Second who succeeded his Father in Misnia and the Electorate suffered very much from the Hussites He would not be prevailed with to make War upon the Arch-Bishop of Magdeburg He departed this Life Sept. 7. 1464. having had to Wife Margaret Daughter of Erneste of Austria and by her a large Off-spring whereof Three Sons and a Daughter died Young Those that outâ—iv'd him were Two Sons and Four Daughters whom we shall-set down in the following Order viz. 1. Amalia the Wife of Lewis the Rich Duke of Bavaria born 1435. deceased Nov. 18. 1502. 2. Anne born 1436. married to Albert Achilles Elector of Brandenburg Nov. 12. 1458. deceased Oct. 31. 1512. 3. Ernestus born March 25. 1441. of whom in the next Section as Author and Progenitor of the Ernestine Line 4. Albert born July 27. 1443. of whom see more below in the Albertine Line 5. Hedewig Lady Abbess of Quedelinburg who had much ado with the Inhabitants of that Place yet Master'd 'em in the end by the assistance of her Brother Duke Albert commanding at the same time the Roland they had set up in sign of Liberty to be thrown down This Lady departed this Life Nov. 12. 1511. And 6. Margaret Lady Abbess of Seuselitz Of the Ernestine Line § III. ERnestus who succeeded his Father in the Dignity of Elector was a Wise Prince and very happy in reconciling the Differences of Princes He maintained the strictest Friendship with his Brother Albert with whom he administred all things as it were in Common He bought the Dutchy of Sagan in Silesia of the last Duke thereof for 55000 Hungarian Crowns Moreover he went to Rome where he was presented with a Rose of Gold by Pope Sixtus the Fourth And last of all changed this Life for a better in the Year 1486. His Dutchess was Elizabeth Daughter of Albert the Third Duke of Bavaria deceased 1484. having born him this following Issue viz. 1. Christina born Sept. 28. 1462. married to John King of Sweden and Denmark 1478. deceased 1531. 2. Frederick the Third born 1463. who succeeded his Father in the Electorate and was surnamed The Wise He built the Castle at Wittenberg where he likewise opened an University in the Year 1502. He reconciled Philip Elector Palatine to the Emperor Maximilian after whose decease he might have been elected Emperor himself but refused it He appeased the Commonalty of Erfurdt when in uproar against the Senate He stood up in Luther's defence at his first setting the Reformation on foot ordering him a Guard for his safety at Wurtzburg in his return from the Dyet at Worms An. 1521. Last of all this Religious Prince departed this Life May 5. 1525. in the 63 d. Year of his Age just after the Rising of the Boors having liv'd a Batchellor and been long troubled with the Stone 3. Albert the Second Arch-Bishop of Mentz born 1464. not long liv'd for he died May 1. 1484. 4. Erneste born 1466. elected Arch-Bishop of Magdeburg 1476. made Administrator of Halberstadt 1489. deceased in the Castle at Hall 1513. 5. John born June 29. 1469. of whom in the next Section as only Propagator of this Line 6. Wolfgang deceased an Infant And 7. Margaret married to Henry Duke of Brunswick of the Line of Zell deceased Dec. 7. 1528. § IV. John succeeded his Brother in the Electoral Dignity and gave a total defeat to the Rebellious Boors taking their Leader Thomas Muntzer Prisoner In 1529. he with some other Princes entred their solemn Protestation against the designs of the Catholicks The Year after he presented the Protestant Confession to the Emperor Charles the Fifth and caused its Apology to be written Moreover he was Author of the League of Smalkald He departed this Lise Aug. 13. 1532. having had Sophia Daughter of Magnus Duke of Meckleburg married to him An. 1500. deceased 1503. to his first Wife And Margarets Daughter of Woldemar Prince of Anhalt esponsed by him in 1513. deceased 1521. to his Second By these Ladies he had Issue 1. John Frederick born June 30. 1503. of whom a little below 2. Mary born Dec. 6. 1515. she was married to Philip Duke of Pomerania and died 1583. 3. Margaret born 1518. deceased unmarried 1537. 4. John born 1513. deceased 1519. 5. John Erneste born May 10. 1521. who had his Residence at Coburg where he died without Issue An. 1553. notwithstanding he had taken to Wife Catharine Daughter of Philip Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg Return we therefore to John Frederick his Father's Successor who had sharp Wars with Henry Duke of Brunswick whom at length he took Prisoner in the Year 1545. As also afterwards with the Emperor Charles the Fifth But by him he was beaten and suffered the same fate with Henry being taken Prisoner near the Wood of Lochin not far from Mulberg on the 24th of April 1546. whereupon he was degraded from the Electorship and kept in Prison till 1552. at which time he was set at liberty but surviv'd it only two Years The Partner of his Bed and Fortunes was Sibil Daughter of John the Third Duke of Cleves by whom he had this following Issue viz. 1. John Frederick the Second Duke of Saxony born Jan. 8. 1529. This Prince founded the University of Jena by his Father's Orders An. 1548. which had afterwards the Emperor's Confirmation in 1558. After this he was seized and put in Custody by command of the Emperor as one of Grumbach's Complices and for that he had protected him upon which account he had his Castle of Grimmenstein likewise demolished He departed this Life in Prison where he had been kept 28 Years on the 9th day of May 1595. The Partner of his Bed and Fortunes was Elizabeth Daughter of Frederick the Third Elector Palatine for Agnes of Hesse his first Wife died soon after she was Married who bore him Issue 1. Casimire who had his seat at Coburg where he died without Issue 1633. And 2. John Erneste who likewise had the same Fate with him dying Issueless 1638. His other two Sons John Frederick and Frederick died both young 2. John William born 1530. of whom more in the next Section 3. John Erneste born 1534. deceased 1553. And 4. John Frederick the younger born 1538. deceased 1565. § V. Return we therefore to John William in whose Issue alone this Line was continued He departed this Life 1573. having had to Wife Susan Dorothy Daughter of Frederick the Third Elector Palatine deceased 1592. and by her this following Issue 1. Frederick William born Ap. 25. 1562. who in the division of his Father's Inheritance 'twixt him and his Brethren had Aldenburg assigned for his Patrimony The Prince administred the Electorate during the Minority of his Cousin Elector Christian the Second and departed this Life July 7. 1602. His first Dutchess
was Sophia Daughter of Christopher Duke of Wurtenburg who dying in 1592. he took to his Second Wife the Lady Anne Mary Daughter of Philip Lewis Prince Palatine of Newburg deceased 1643. By these he had a numerous Off-spring whereof we shall mention only Seven the other Five dying Young Their names were 1. Dorothy Sophia Lady Abbess of Quedelinburg born 1587. deceased 1645. 2. John Philip born 1597. deceased 1639. leaving Issue by Elizabeth Daughter of Henry Julius Duke of Brunswick an only Daughter Elizabeth Sophia born Oct. 10. 1619. married to Ernestus Duke of Sax Gotha deceased 1680. 3. Anne Sophia born 1598. married to Charles Frederick Duke of Munsterberg deceased 1641. 4. Frederick born 1599. and Slain in 1215. at a Battel fought not far from Nyenburg on the Weser 5. John William the Second born 1600. deceased 1632. 6. Dorothy born June 16. 1601. married to her Cousin-Germain Albert Duke of Sax-Eysenach deceased 1675. 7. Frederick William the Second born Feb. 12. 1603. deceased 1669. having had Sophia Elizabeth Daughter of Christian William of Brandenburg who departed this Life An. 1650. to his first Wife and Magdalen Sibil Daughter of John George the First Elector of Saxony deceased 1668. to his Second By the last he had Issue 1. Christianus born 1654. deceased 1663. 2. Joan Magdalen born 1656. married to John Adolph Duke of Saxon-Weissenfeld 1671. deceased 1686. And 3. Frederick William the Third born 1657. who indeed succeeded his Father but did not long survive him for he died in 1672. and the fifteenth of his Age. 2. John born 1570. of whom more in the next Section as Propagator of the Branch of Weimar 3. Mary Lady Abbess of Quedelinburg born 1571. deceased 1610. § VI. John the Second had the Principality of Weimar assigned him for his Inheritance and died Oct. 31. 1605. His Wife was Dorothy Mary Daughter of Joachim Erneste Prince of Anhalt who departed this Life 1617. having born him this following Issue 1. John Erneste the Fourth born Feb. 21. 1594. an excellent Prince and perfectly skill'd in Martial Affairs He died in Hungary Dec. 4. 1626. having given signal proofs of his Courage on all occasions 2. John William deceased an Insant 3. Frederick the Seventh born March 1. 1596. and Slain at the Battel fought in Brabant 'twixt Don Gonsalvo de Corduba the Austrian General and Christian Duke of Brunswick and his Ally the Count de Mansfeldt An. 1622. 4. John born 1597. deceased 1604. 5. William the Second born Ap. 2. 1598. of whom in the next 6. Anonymus the time of whose Nativity is uncertain 7. Albert the Third born July 27. 1599. whose Residence was at Eysenach after the decease of his Kinsman the Duke of that Place where himself also died on the 20th of Sept. 1644. leaving no Issue by his Wife Dorothy of Altemburg 8. John Frederick the Fourth born Sept. 19. 1600. deceased Oct. 17. 1628. 9. Ernestus the Third born Dec. 25. 1601. of whom more in the Eighth Section as Propagator of the Branch of Gotha 10. Frederick William the Fourth born Feb. 7. 1602. deceased Aug. 16. 1619. 11. Bernhard born Aug. 6. 1604. This Prince filled the whole Earth with his Fame and for Courage and Conduct was looked upon as one of the greatest Generals of the Age. By his sole Bravery the Victory was obtained in the Battel of Lutz after the King of Sweden fell The same Year viz. 1632. he possessed himself of Bamberg Cronach and Hochstadt Moreover he was created Duke of Franconia in the name of his Swedish Majesty Raised the Siege of Mentz took Brisac in 1638. and last of all departed this Life at Newburg July 8. 1639. His Body was kept at Brisac till 1655. when it was remov'd from thence by his Brethren and reposed in the Monument of his Ancestor with great Solemnity Of the Branch of Weimar § VII REturn we now to William the Second Author and Propagator of the Branch of Weimar a Prince no less acquainted with the Arts of War than Peace He took upon him the Government of this Principality upon the decease of his Elder Brother John Erneste and departed this Life on the 20th of May 1662. His Wife was Eleanor Dorothy Daughter of John George Prince of Anhalt who died in the Year 1664. having born him this following Issue 1. William born and dead the same Year viz. 1626. 2. John Erneste the Fifth born Sept. 11. 1627. of whom a little below 3. John William the Third born Aug. 16. 1630. deceased May 16. 1639. 4. Adolph William born May 15. 1632. who had Eysenach assigned him for his Appennage where he died without Issue Nov. 21. 1668. notwithstanding he had had Five Sons who all died Young by Mary Elizabeth Daughter of Augustus Duke of Brunswick 5. John George born July 11. 1634. at first he kept his Court at Marckful but after the death of his Brother John Adolph of Eysenach succeeding to that Principality remov'd it thither In 1661. he married the Lady Johannetta Daughter of Ernestus Count de Seyne by whom he had 1. Eleanor Erdmuth Lovise born Ap. 13. 1662. married to John Frederick Marquess of Brandenburg Ansbach Nov. 4 1681. now a Widow 2. Frederick August born Oct. 29. 1663. deceased at Presburg Sept. 31. 1684 of a Wound received at the Siege of Buda 3. John George born July 25. 1665. 4. Maximilian Henry Twins born Oct. 17. 1666. the first of which died July 22. 1668. the other is still living And 5. John William Twins born Oct. 17. 1666. the first of which died July 22. 1668. the other is still living 6. Lovise born Ap. 18. 1668. deceased 1669. 7. Frederica Elizabeth born May 5. 1669. 8. Ernestus Gustavus born and dead the same Year viz. 1672. 6. Wilhelmina Eleanor born June 7. 1636. deceased Ap. 1. 1653. 7. Bernhard the Second born Feb. 21. 1638. who kept his Court at Jena where he departed this Life May 3. 1678. leaving Issue by Mary de Tremouville 1. Charlotte Mary born 1669. and married in 1683. to William Erneste Duke of Saxon Weimar And 2. John William born March 28. 1675. 8. Frederick the Eighth born 1640. deceased 1656. 9. Dorothy Mary born 1641. married to Maurice Duke of Saxony and Administrator of Naumburg 1656. deceased July 11. 1675. Of these John Erneste succeeded his Father in the Dutchy of Saxon-Weimar and kept his Court in the Castle of Wilbelmsburg so called from his Father William On the 14th of Aug. 1656. he took to Wife the Lady Christina Elizabeth Daughter of John Christian Duke of Holstein in Sunderburg who departed this Life June 7. 1679. as did himself on the 25th of May four Years after His Issue were 1. Anne Dorothy born Nov. 12. 1657. made Lady Abbess of Quedelinburg 1685. 2. VVilhelmina Christina born Nov. 26. 1658. and married to Christian VVilliam Count Schwartzburg 1684. 3. Eleanor Sophia born March 22. 1660. married July 9. 1684. to Philip Prince of Mersburg 4. VVilliam Erneste the present
Duke of Saxon VVeimar born Oct. 19. 1661. who in 1683. took to Wife his Cousin-Germain Charlotte Mary Daughter of Bernhard Duke of Sax-Jena And 5. John Ernestus born June 22. 1664. Of the Branch of Gotha § VIII ERneste the Third one of the Sons of John the Second was Propagator of this Branch A Prince to use the words of the Noble Im Hoff for his great Sincerity for his Zeal to Religion for his Political Prudence and Oeconomical Industry justly to be preferred before any that ever ruled One in whom the divine Promise was apparently verified viz. To those that make it their first care to seek the Kingdom of God and his Righteousness all other things shall be added He was at the Battle of Lutz In 1641. he obtain'd the Principality of Sax-Gotha And great part of the County of Henneberg in 1660. In 1672 Altemburg and Coburg fell to him by the Death of Frederick VVilliam the Third mentioned before in the fifth Section Numb 7. In short he rebuilt the Castle of Gotha formerly called Grimmenstein but by him Friedenstein Was Author of the VVeimar Bible and departed this World March 26. 1675. His Dutchess was Sophia Elizabeth Daughter of John Philip Duke of Sax Aldenherg deceased Dec. 25. 1680. which happy Match gave Birth to this following Issue 1. John Ernestus born and dead the same Year viz. 1638. 2. Elizabeth Dorothy born Jan. 8. 1640. and married in 1666. to Lewis of Hesse-Darmstadt whose Relict she now is 3. John Ernestus the Sixth born 1641. deceased 1657. 4. Christian born 1642. deceased the same Year 5. Sophia born 1643. deceased 1657. 6. Joan born 1645. deceased 1657. 7. Frederick the Ninth the present Duke of Sax-Gotha born July 15. 1646. who keeps his Court at Friedenstein-Castle and has had two Wives The one being Magdalen Sibil Daughter of Augustus Duke of Saxony and Administrator of Magdeburg deceased Jan. 20. 1681. whom he married on the 19th of August 1669. The other Christina Daughter of Frederick Marquess of Baden Albert Marquess of Brandenburg Anspach's Widow His Issue by the first were 1. Anne Sophia born Dec. 22. 1670. 2. Magdalen Sibil born 1671. deceased 1673. 3. Dorothy Mary born Jan. 22. 1674. 4. Frederica March 25. 1675. 5. Frederick July 28. 1676. 6. John William Oct. 4. 1677. 7. Elizabeth born 1679. deceased 1680. And 8. Joan born Oct. 1. 1680. 8. Albert born May 24. as others the 16th 1648. who had Coburg for his Inheritance and Mary Elizabeth Daughter of Augustus the Second Duke of Brunswick his Cousin-Germain Adolph of Eysenach's Relict to his Wife which Lady deceased in February 1687. having been brought to Bed on Sept. 1. 1677. of an only Son named Ernestus Augustus who lived bâ—t till the 17th of August in the following Year 9. Bernhard born Sept. 15. 1649. who has his Residence in Meinung Castle on the Werra in the County of Henneberg On Nov. 20. 1671. he took Mary Hedewig Daughter of George the Second Prince of Hesse-Darmstadt to his first Wife after whose decease which happened Ap. 19. 1680. he in 81. married Elizabeth Eleanor Daughter of Anthony Ulrick Duke of Brunswick John George Duke of Meckleburg's Widow which Lady is likewise since deceased An. 1687. His Issue now living by the first Venture are 1. Ernestus Lewis born Oct. 7. 1672. 2. Bernhard Oct. 28. 1673. 3. Frederick William Feb. 16. 1679. And 4. George Erneste March 26. 1680. As also an only Daughter born Dec. 3. 1081. and named Elizabeth Ernesta Augusta by the Second 10. Henry born Nov. 19. 1650. who Resides at Romhild in the County of Henneberg and 1676. espoused Mary Elizabeth of Hesse-Darmstadt but as far as we can learn has no Issue by her 11. Christian born Jan. 6. 1653. whose Seat is at Eisenberg not far from Jena On the 13th of Feb. 1677. he married Christiana Daughter of Christian Duke of Saxony and Administrator of Mersburg who died two Years after and he took Sophia Mary Daughter of Lewis Prince of Hesse-Darmstadt to his second Wife By the first Venture he has an only Daughter the Lady Christina born March 4. 1679. 12. Dorothy Mary born Feb. 12. 1654. deceased unmarried 1684. 13. Ernestus born July 12. 1655. who has his Seat at Eisfeld in the Confines of Thuringia and Franconia On the 10th of Feb. 1680. he espoused Sophia Frederica Daughter of George Frederick Prince Waldeck who was brought to Bed of a Son Aug. 21. 1681. whom they named Ernestus Frederick as also of a Daughter whose name is Sophia Charlotte in the Year following 14. John Philip born and dead the same Year viz. 1657. 15. John Ernestus born Aug. 22. 1658. who Resides at Salfeld with his Wife Sophia Hedewig Daughter of Christian Duke of Saxony-Mersburg whom he married Feb. 10. 1680. and has Issue by her Christina Sophia born July 14. 1681. and Christian Erneste born 1683. 16. Joan Elizabeth born and deceased the same Year viz. 1660. 17. John Philip born and deceased the same Year viz. 1662. And 18. Sophia Elizabeth born and deceased the same Year viz. 1663. Of the Albertine Line § IX MAtter 's thus far cleared we now return to the Albertine Line which began in Albert the First youngest Son of Frederick the Second Elector of Saxony as we observed above in the second Section He was born July 27. 1443. and by reason of his tall Stature surnamed Roland In 1468. he assisted George King of Bohemia against Matthias King of Hungary In 1471. he went into Bohemia to accept the Crown of that Kingdom then offered him where he was in great danger of his Life yet happily escaped and afterwards went in Pilgrimage to the Holy Land In 1491. he was Installed Knight of the Golden Fleece Moreover he reduced the Low-Countries to the Obedience of the Emperor Maximilian and obtained a grant of Succession to the Dutchies of Juliers and Mons in case those in Possession or their Heirs should fail in Issue Male. In 1459. he married Sidonia Daughter of George Podiebrach King of Bohemia which Lady departed this Life An. 1500. as did himself a little afterwards at the Siege of Groeningen on Sept. 12. in the same Year and 57th of his Age having had Issue Eight Children whereof Four died in their Infancy The rest were 1. Catharine born July 28. 1468. and married after the decease of Signismund of Austria her first Husband which happened in 1500. to Erick the Elder Duke of Brunswick she died 1524. 2. George Barbatus born Aug. 27. 1471. who succeeded his Father and had Issue by Barbara Daughter of Casimire King of Poland 1. John the First And both deceased before him 2. Frederick both deceased before him As also Two Daughters 1. Magdalen married to Joachim the Second Elector of Brandenburg An. 1524. deceased 1534. And 2. Christina who was born Dec. 15. 1505. married to Philip the Stout Landtgrave of Hesse and died 1549. As for their Father George he departed this World Ap. 17. 1539. 3. Henry
surnamed The Pious born Oct. 25. 1474. elected Grand Master of the Teutonick Order 1498. deceased Dec. 20. 1510. § X. This Henry succeeded his Brother George and was the only Propagator of the Albertine Line He made Profession of the Reformed Religion and entred into the League of Smalcald His Wife was Catharine Daughter of Magnus the Second Duke of Meckleburg who bore him this following Issue viz. 1. Maurice born May 11. 1525. who succeeded his Father and served the Emperor in Hungary against the Turks as also in Flanders against the French Afterwards he carried on a bloody War against his Cousin John Frederick the Elector who being degraded of that Dignity he was invested with the same by the Emperor Charles the Fifth An. 1548. In 1551. he made an Alliance with the French King and several of the German Princes and then undertook an Expedition against the Imperialists The Year after he was concluded in the Transaction of Passaw yet Slain in 1553. at the Battel of Siverskuse in the Dutchy of Lunenburg 'T is likewise observable he founded Three famous Schools or Colleges one at Meisen on the Elbe another at Grimma on the Multaw and the third at Porta on the Saal His Wife was Agnes Daughter of Philip Landtgrave of Hesse by whom he had only a Daughter that surviv'd him named Anne married to Prince William of Orange An. 1561. deceased 1577. 2. Severinus born 1522. deceased at Inspruck Oct. 10. 1533. 3. Augustus born July 30. 1526. who was his Brother's Successor in the Electorate and renewed the Act of Confraternity with the Houses of Brandenburg and Hesse His Authority was always very great in the Empire insomuch as all things in a manner were managed by him Moreover he laid up a very great Treasure In 1580. he caused the form of Concord to be published and departed this Life at Six a Clock in the Evening on Feb. 11. 1586 his first Wife was the Princess Anne Daughter of Christian the Third King of Denmark who died Oct. 1 1585. And his second Agnes Hedewig Daughter of Joachim Erneste Prince of Anhalt By the first Venture he had Fifteen Children Eleven whereof died Young The rest were 1. Elizabeth born 1552. married to John Casimire Count Palatine of the Rhine Fourth Son of the Elector Frederick the Third An. 1568. deceased 1590. 2. Christian the First of whom more in the next Section 3. Dorothy born 1563. married to Henry Julius Duke of Brunswick 1585. deceased 1587. 4. Anne born 1567. married to John Casimire Duke of Sax-Coburg 1585. deceased 1613. 4. Aemilia espoused by George Marquess of Brandenburg An. 1532. deceased 1591. 5. Sibil affianced in 1540 to Francis the First Duke of Sax-Lawenburg And 6. Sidonia married to Erick the Younger Duke of Brunswick 1545. deceased Jan. 4. 1575. § XI Return we now to Christian the First who succeeded his Father Augustus in the Electoral Dignity born Nov. 3. 1560. In 1582. he married Sophia Daughter of John George Elector of Brandenburg who departed this World 1622. as himself had done many Years before viz. 1591. His Children are said to have been as follow 1. Christian the Second born Sept. 23. 1583. who succeeded his Father in the Electorate under the Government and Tuition of his Cousin Duke Frederick William of Aldenburg He commanded his Chancellor Nicholas Crelley to be beheaded In 1610. he obtain'd of the Emperor Rudolph to be invested in the Dutchies o◠Juliers Cleves and Mons. The Year following he died of an Apoplexy caused by taking too large a draught of Small-Beer after over-heating himself with Tilting Nor left he any Issue tho' married to Hedewig Daughter of Frederick the Second King of Denmark 2. John George the First born March 5. 1585. of whom a little lower 3. Anne Sabina born and dead the same Year viz. 1586. 4. Sophia born 1587. she was married to Francis Duke of Pomerania and died 1635. 5. Elizabeth born 1588. deceased July 4. 1589. 6. Augustus Administrator of Naumburg born Sept. 7. 1589. In 1612 he married Elizabeth Daughter of Henry Julius Duke of Brunswick but died without Issue Dec. 26. 1615. And 7. Dorothy Lady Abbess of Quedelinburg born 1591. deceased 1617. Wherefore John George the First in whose Issue the descent of this Line was continued succeeded in the Electorate at his Brother Christian's decease having first Travelled Incognito into many Foreign Parts In 1612. he took on him the Vicarship of the Empire during the Interregnum In 1617. he caused the first Jubilee to be Celebrated in memory of the Reformation began by Luther an hundred Years before Another in 1630. for the Augustane Confession And a third 1655. for the Peace of Religion or Transaction at Passaw causing several Medals to be Coined on those Occasions He was a most dutiful Son to his Mother for whom he had a more than ordinary Veneration He elected Matthias Ferdinand the Second Ferdinand the Third and Ferdinand the Fourth King of the Romans and refused the Offer of the Bohemian Crown About 1631. he leagued himself with the Swede against the Emperor with whom he again made Peace in 1635. leaving his Ally the Swede Who thereupon lay very hard on him till a general Peace was once more restored to the Empire An. 1648. This excellent Prince departed this Life in the Year 1656. and the 72d of his Age. His first Wife was Sibil Elizabeth Daughter of Frederick Duke of Wurtenburg who died 1606. And his Second Magdalen Sibil Daughter of Albert Frederick Duke of Prussia and Marquess of Brandenburg whom he espoused in the Year 1607. and had Issue by her as followeth viz. 1. Anonymus born July 18. 1608. 2. Sophia Eleanor born Nov. 23. 1609. married to George the Second Prince of Hesse-Darmstadt 1627. deceased June 2. 1671. 3. Mary Elizabeth born Nov. 12. 1610. married to Frederick Duke of Sleswick 1630. deceased 1684. 4. Christian Albert born and dead the same Year viz. 1612. 5. John George the Second born May 31. 1613. of whom more in the next Section 6. Augustus the Third Administrator of Magdeburg born Aug. 13. 1614. of whom in the 13th Section 7. Christian the Third Administrator of Mersburg born Oct. 27. 1615. of whom in the 14th Section 8. Magdalen Sibil born Sept. 23. 1617. and remarried after the decease of Christian Prince Royal of Denmark Eldest Son of King Christian the Fourth her first Husband to Frederick William the Second Duke of Sax-Aldenburg she died Jan. 6. 1668. 9. Maurice Administrator of Naumburg born March 24. 1619. of whom below in the 15th Section 10. Henry born and dead the same Year viz. 1622. § XII Return we now to his Serene Highness John George the Second a Prince always Loyal to God and his Country the Empire After the decease of the Emperor Ferdinand the Third he was Vicar of the Empire and present at the Election of a new King of the Romans In 1671. he entred into Articles of a mutual Succession with Julius
Francis Duke of the Lower Saxony In 1638. he took to Wife the Princess Magdalen Sibil Daughter of Christian the First Marquess of Brandenburg-Culembach deceased 1687. whereas himself died at Freiburg Aug. 22. 1680. leaving Issue 1. Sibil Mary born 1642. deceased 1643. 2. Erdmuth Sophia born Feb. 15. 1644. married to Christian Erneste Marquess of Brandenburg-Bareith 1662. deceased 1670. and an only Son viz. 3. John George the Third His present Highness born June 20. 1647. who entred on the Government of the Electorate after the decease of his Father of ever blessed Memory which he has since managed with much Prudence and Moderation We need not here mention the many Negotiations he has underwent for the publick safety nor his other Illustrious and Immortal Actions since they are so visible to all Good Men. On Oct. 9. 1666. he with great Solemnity espoused the Princess Anne Sophia Daughter of Frederick late King of Denmark by whom he has Issue 1. John George the Fourth Heir Apparent born Oct. 17. 1668. And 2. Frederick Augustus born May 12. 1670. § XIII Return we now to Augustus Administrator of Magdeburg who died An. 1680. having had Two Wives and by them a numerous Off-spring The first of these was Anne Mary Daughter of Adolph Frederick Duke of Meckleburg-Swerin married to him 1646. or 47. deceased 1669. having born him Twelve Children The Other was Joan Walpurg Daughter of George William Count de Leining by whom he had twice Issue This last Lady died a Widow in the Year 1689. The Male Issue were 1. John Adolph Duke of Saxony in Weissenfeld or Sax-Weissenfeld born Nov. 2. 1649. and married Oct. 25. 1671. to Joan Magdalen Daughter of Frederick the Second Duke of Sax-Altenburg who died in the Year 1686. having born him Issue as followeth viz. 1. Magdalen Sibil born Sept. 3. 1673. 2. Augustus Frederick born 1674. deceased 1675. 3. John Adolph born and dead the same Year viz. 1676. 4. John George born July 13. 1677. 5. Anonymus 1678. 6. Joanna Wilhelmina born Jan. 20. 1682. 7. Frederick William born 1681. deceased 1683. 8. Christian born Feb. 23. 1682. And 9. Anne Mary June 17. 1683. 2. Augustus the Younger born Dec. 3. 165â— and chosen Provost of Magdeburg by the Chapter thereof An. 1661. This Prince serv'd in the King of Sweden's Army as also under the Elector of Cologne but died an untimely Death in 1674 the very next Year after his Marriage with Charlotte Daughter of Frederick Prince of Hesse in Eschwegen whom he left a Widow but since married to John Adolph Count de Tecklenburg 3. Christian born June 25. 1655. who all along behav'd himself with great Bravery in His Electoral Highness of Saxony's Service upon which account he was made Field Marshal Lieutenant Nevertheless this Courageous Prince lost his Life at the Siege of Mentz in August 1689. 4. Henry born Sept. 29. 1657. who succeeded his Brother Augustus in the Provostry of Magdeburg and is also a Colonel in the Elector of Brandenburg's Forces In 1689. he espoused Henrica Agnes Daughter of John George the Second Prince of Anhalt-Dessaw 5. Albert born Ap. 14. 1659. who turn'd Catholick and married a great Fortune on the Rhine 6. Frederick born Nov. 20. 1673. And 7. Maurice born Jan. 5. 1676 The Daughters were all by the first Venture and thus named 1. Magdalen Sibil born 1648. married to Frederick Duke of Sax-Gotha 1669. deceased Jan. 20. 1681. 2. Anne Mary born 1653. deceased 1671. 3. Sophia born June 23. 1654. and married to Charles William Prince of Anhalt-Servest An. 1676. 4. Catharine born 1655. deceased 1663. 5. Christina born 1656. and married June 21. 1676. to Augustus Frederick Duke of Holstein and Bishop of Lubeck 6. Elizabeth born 1660. deceased 1663. And 7. Dorothy born 1662. deceased the Year following § XIV Now follows Christian Administrator of the Bishoprick of Mersburg third Son of John George the First Elector of Saxony mention'd by us above in the eleventh Section Numb 7. born Oct. 27. and married Nov. 19. 1650. to Christina Daughter of Philip Duke oâ— Holstein-Glucksburg with whom he now liveth having had Issue by her as followeth 1. Magdalen Sophia born Nov. 19. 1651 deceased 1675. 2. John George born 1652. deceased 1654. 3. Christian born Nov. 19. 1653. In 1679 he took to Wife Erdmuth Eleanor his Uncle Maurice of Naumburg's Daughter and has Issue 1. Christian born Nov. 7. 1680. 2. Maurice William born Oct. 11. 168â— And 3. Augustus Frederick born March 10. 1684. 4. Augustus born Feb. 15. 1655. and married in August 1688. to one of Gustavâ—â— Adolphus Duke of Meckleburg Gustrowâ—â— Daughters 5. Philip born Oct. 26. 1657. who took tâ— Wife Eleanor Sophia Daughter of Job Ernestus Duke of Sax-Weimar on July 9. 1684. 6. Christiana born 1659. married to Christanus Duke of Sax-Eisenberg 1677. deceased March 13. 1679. 7. Sophia Hedewig born June 4. 1660. anâ— married in 1680. to John Ernestus Dukâ— of Sax-Gotha in Salfeld 8. Henry born Sept. 2. 1661. who not lonâ— since espoused the Lady Lovise Elizabetâ— Daughter of Christian Ulrick Duke 〈◊〉 Wurtenburg of the Branch of Bernstadt 〈◊〉 Silesia by his first Wife 9. Maurice born 1662. deceased 1664. And 10. Sibil Mary born Oct. 28. 1667. the second Wife of Christian Ulrick Duke of Wurtenburg and Osne of the Branch of Bernstadt to whom she was married Oct. 27. 1683. § XV. It now remains we say somewhat of Maurice Administrator of the Bishopricks of Naumburg and Ceitz Youngest Son of his Electoral Highness John George the First who departed this Life Dec. 4. 1681. having had Three Wives whose names were Sophia Hedewig Daughter of Philip Duke of Holstein-Glucksburg deceased 1652. Dorothy Mary Daughter of William Duke of Sax-Weimar who died July 11. 1675. And Sophia Elizabeth Daughter of Philip Lewis Duke of Holstein-Sunderburg now a Widow The Children by the first and second Venture were 1. John Philip born 1651. deceased 1652. 2. Maurice born 1652. deceased the Year following 3. Eleanor Magdalen born 1658. deceased 1661. 4. Erdmuth Dorothy born 1661. and married in 1679. to Christian Prince of Mersburg 5. Maurice William Administrator of Naumburg who drew his first Breath March 12. 1664. and has taken to Wife Mary Amalia Daughter of Frederick William the Great Elector of Brandenburg Charles Prince of Meckleburg-Gustrow's Widow whom he married on the 26th of June 1689. O. S. 6. John George born 1665. deceased 1666. 7. Christian August born Oct. 9. 1666. 8. Frederick Henry born July 21. 1668. 9. Mary Sophia born 1670. deceased the Year following 10. Magdalen Sibil born and dead the same Year viz. 1672. And 11. Wilhelmina Sibilla born 1675. Of the Augmentation of the Saxon Family § XVI WE have already declared how Frederick the Warlike Marquess of Misnia and Landtgrave of Thuringe obtained of the Emperour Sigismund the Investiture of the Electoral Dignity together with the Palatinate of Saxony and Burgraviate of Magdeburg An. 1425. The same Prince is supposed by
to Wife Agnes Daughter of Barnim the Eighth Duke of Pomerania of whom Two Daughters surviv'd Magdalen born 145 and married to Eitelfrederick the Fourth of Hoben Zollern and Agnes to George the Younger of Anhalt 5. Elizabeth born 1402. she was married to Lewis Duke of Lignitz 1418. and died 1450. 6. Cecily married to William the Viciortous Duke of Brunswick 1423. deceased 1449. 7. Margaret married to Lewis the Crooked Duke of Bavaria An. 1438. deceased 1465 8. Magdalen affianced to Frederick the Pious Duke of Lunenburg An. 1430. deceased 1480. 9. Dorothy born Feb. 9. 1420. married to Henry the Gross Duke of Meckleburg deceased 1477. And 10. Sophia who died in her Infancy and is by some omitted § III. Thus came the Government into the hands of Albert the First who by reason of the many Battels he had been in was stiled the German Achilles He was of such Authority in the Empire as the Emperor would undertake nothing without him so that it became a common saying That Albert Governed the Empire by Frederick the Emperor He confirm'd the Act of mutual Succession with the Families of Saxony and Hesse and had a very sharp War with Lewis the Rich Elector of Bavaria as also afterwards with the City of Nuremberg He departed this Life An. 1486. during the Session of that Dyet wherein Maximilian the First was elected King of the Romans having some Ten Years before given up the Administration of Affairs to his Son John and seated himself in Franconia from whence as from an advanced Ground he might the better observe his Actions In 1446 he took to Wife Margaret Daughter of James Marquess of Baden who dying in 1457. He the next Year married Anne Daughter of Frederick the Second Elector of Saxony who died 1512. By these Ladies he had a numerous Issue whose Names were as follow viz. 1. Frederick deceased in their Infancy 2. Wolfgang deceased in their Infancy 3. Ursula born Sept. 24. 1450. married to Henry Duke of Munsterberg Feb. 10. 1467. deceased 1503. 4. Elizabeth born Nov. 29. 1451. married to Eberhard the Second Duke of Wurtenburg June 3. 1465. deceased Ap. 15. 1524. 5. Margaret Lady Abbess of St. Clare in the City Hoff born Ap. 18. 1453. deceased 1509. 6. John the Second born Aug. 2. 1455. of whom in the next Section 7. Frederick the Fourth born May 2. 1460. of whom below as Author of the Franconian Line 8. Aemilia born Oct. 1. 1461. and married after the decease of her first Husband Lewis Elector Palatine who died 1478. to Gaspar Palatine of Deux-Ponts she died 1481. 9. Anne deceased an Infant 1462. 10. Barbara born May 30. 1464. married in the 9th Year of her Age July 30. 1473. to Henry the last Duke of Glogaw and Crossen deceased a Widow 1510. 11. Albert born and dead the same Year viz. 1464. 12. Sibil born May 31. 1467. married to William Duke of Juliers and Mons ' July 8. 1480. deceased 1510. as others 1511. 13. Sigismund the First born Sept. 28. 1468. he serv'd the Emperor Maximilian the First in his Wars and came to an untimely death Feb. 26. 1495. 14. Albert born and dead the same Year viz. 1470. 15. Dorothy Lady Abbess of St. Clare in Bamberg born 1471. deceased 1529. 16. George born 1473. deceased in his Infancy 17. Elizabeth born 1474. married to Herman Count Henneberg deceased Ap. 25. 1507. 18. Magdalen born 1476. deceased an Infant And 19. Anastasia born 1478. married to William Count Henneberg of the Line of Sleusing 1500. deceased July 4. 1534. Of the Line Electoral § IV. MAtter 's thus far cleared return we now to John surnam'd Cicero who succeeded his Father in the Electorate and was very fortunate in reconciling Princes when at difference yet had Wars himself with John Duke of Sagan He departed this Life Jan. 9. 1499 having had to Wife Margaret Daughter of William Duke of Saxony and by her this following Issue 1. Wolfgang born and dead the same Year viz. 1480. 2. Joachim the First born Feb. 21. 1484 of whom more a little below 3. Elizabeth born and deceased 1486. 4. Anne born 1487. married to Frederick Duke of Holstein afterwards King of Denmark deceased 1521. 5. Ursela born 1488. given in Marriage to Henry the Fourth Duke of Meckleburg 1506. deceased 1511. And 6. Albert the Second Arch-Bishop and Elector of Mentz as also Arch-Bishop of Magdeburg born June 28. 1490. deceased 1545. Joachim the First succeeded his Father at the Age of Fifteen and was a Prince well read in several sorts of Learning He opened an University at Francfort upon the Oder Ap. 27. 1506. In 1509. the Hamburghers put themselves under his Protection In 1500. he caused Thirty Eight Jews and a Christian to be Executed The Christian for selling the Host The Jews for Sacrificing it His death bears date 1535. and his Wife was Elizabeth Daughter of John King of Denmark who suffered much for her Religion which was the Protestant and died a Widow 1555. His Issue by her were 1. Joachim the Second born Jan. 9. 1505. of whom in the next Section 2. Anne born 1507. married to Albert the Seventh Duke of Meckleburg 1524. deceased 1567. 3. Elizabeth born 1510. and married to Erick the Elder Duke of Brunswick and after his decease to Poppo Count de Henneberg She died 1558. 4. Margaret born 1511. and married to George Duke of Pomerania Jan. 8. 1530. after whose decease she was affianced to John the Fourth Prince of Anhalt An. 1533. And 5. John surnamed The Prudent born Aug. 3. 1513. who had the new Marck with the Dutchy of Crossen assigned him by his Father and was stiled the Eye and Counseller of the Empire He was very well skill'd in the Oeconomicks Always Loyal to the Emperor yet would not admit of the Interimistick Form in his Jurisdiction He built the Castle and Fortification of Custrin and at length ended his days An. 1571. leaving Issue by Catharine Daughter of Henry the Tenth Duke of Brunswick whom he Married An. 1537. only Two Daughters whose Names were 1. Elizabeth who was married to her Kinsman George Frederick of the Line of Franconia and died 1578. And 2. Catharine given in Marriage to another Kinsman namely Joachim Frederick the Elector She died 1602. § V. We now return to Joachim the Second who succeeded his Father and performed many notable Services for the Emperor more especially in repelling the Forces of the Turks He made publick profession of the Reformed Religion and began to settle the same in his Provinces causing in order thereunto the Ecclesiastick Ordination written by George Bucholtzer to be published An. 1545. In 1542. he was declared General of the Imperial Army against the Turks Moreover he raised the Fortifications at Spandaw and obtain'd of the Emperor Ferdinand the First the absolute and independant Soveraignty of the Dutchy of Crossen And of Sigismund Augustus King of Poland a grant of Succession to the Dutchy of Prussia provided his Kinsmen
then in possession of it died without Heirs He departed this Life in the Castle of Kopen An. 1571. being Poysoned by a Jew His first Princess was Magdalen Daughter of George Duke of Saxony of the Albertine Line who dying in 1534. he the next Year married Hedewig Daughter of Sigismund King of Poland deceased 1573. By these Ladies he had Issue 1. John George born Sept. 11. 1525. of whom in the next Section 2. Barbara born 1527. given in Marriage to George Duke of Lignitz 1545. deceased 1595. 3. Elizabeth born 1528. deceased the Year following 4. Frederick the Fifth born Dec. 12. 1530. elected Bishop of Havelberg 1548. Arch-Bishop of Magdeburg 1551. and Bishop of Halberstadt 1552. yet after all died an untimely death in the same Year 5. Albert and Twins both which deceased in their Infancy 6. George Twins both which deceased in their Infancy 7. Paul born 1534. deceased immediately after 8. Elizabeth Magdalen the Wife of Francis Otho Duke of Lunenburg born 1537. deceased a Widow 1595. 9. Sigismund the Second born 1538. elected Arch-Bishop of Magdeburg 1554. and a little afterwards Bishop of Halberstadt also He died Sept. 13. 1566. 10. Hedewig born 1540. married to Julius Duke of Brunswick 1560. deceased Oct. 22. 1602. 11. Sophia born 1541. married to William de Rosenberg Burgrave of the Crown of Bohemia An. 1561. deceased 1564. § VI. 'T is now time to speak of John George the First who succeeded his Father in the Electoral Dignity and revenged his death by the Execution of the aforesaid Leopold the Jew and the Expulsion of his Nation out of the Marquisate An. 1572. He maintained a strict Friendship with Augustus Elector of Saxony thro' the whole course of his Life and renewed the Act of mutual Succession with that House and Hesse An. 1587. He procured the form of Concord to be drawn up and subscrib'd the same himself His death bears date 1598. and his first Wife was Sophia Daughter of Frederick the Second Duke of Lignitz who dying of her first Child a Year after her Marriage viz. 1546. he the next Year espoused Sabina Daughter of George the Confessor Marquess of Brandenburg But she likewise deceasing in 1575. he in 1577. took Elizabeth Daughter of Joachim Erneste Prince of Anhalt to his third and last Wife which Lady departed this Life a Widow 1607. His Children were as follow 1. Joachim Frederick born Jan. 27. 1546. 2. George Albert born 1555. deceased 1557. Twins 3. John 4. Albert 5. Magdalen Sabina 6. Magdalen 7. Hedewig 8. Margaret And 9. Mary all died Infants 10. Erdmuth 1561. married 1577. to John Frederick Duke of Pomerania deceased 1628. 11. Anne Mary born 1567. espoused by Barnim Duke of Pomerania 1582. deceased Nov. 4. 1618. 12. Sophia born June 6. 1568. married to Christian the First Elector of Saxony 1582. deceased Dec. 7. 1622. 13. Christian the First born June 30. 1581. of whom see more in the Franconian Line 14. Magdalen born Jan. 7. 1582. married to Lewis Prince of Hesse-Darmstadt 1597. deceased May 4. 1616. 15. Joachim Ernestus born 1583. of whom likewise more in the Franconian Line 16. Agnes born 1584. married to Philip Julius Duke of Pomerania 1604. and after his decease to Francis Charles of Sax-Lawenburg An. 1628. and died the Year following 17. Frederick the Seventh born March 22. 1588. constituted Great Master of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in Sonnenburg An. 1610. deceased May 19. 1611. 18. Elizabeth Sophia born July 4. 1589. and married after the decease of Janowitz de Ratzeville in Lithuania her first Husband to Julius Henry Duke of Sax-Lawenburg She died 1629. 19. Dorethy Sibil born 1690. given in Marriage to John Christian of Lignitz 16 deceased 1625. 20. George Albert the First born 1591. who after his Brother Frederick's decease was made Grand Master of the Order of St. John in Sonnenberg An. 1614. which Honour he enjoy'd not long for he died the Year following 21. Sigismund Governour of the Dutchy of Cleves born 1592. deceased without Issue 1640. 22. John the Fifth born 1597. deceased without Issue 1627. having highly approved his Courage on all Occasions And 23. John George the Second born after his Father's decease Aug. 4. 1598. who had the same Fate with his Brother John deceasing without Issue An. 1637. § VII We now return to Joachim Frederick who succeeded his Father John George He was elected Bishop of Havelberg in 1553. of Lebuss in 1555. and Arch-Bishop of Magdeburg 1566. In 1598. he took upon him the Electoral Dignity upon his Father's decease In 1606. he commanded a Jubilee to be Celebrated at Francfort in commemoration of the first opening the University there and Founded the great School or College called Jochimsthal the Year after In 1608. he died suddenly in his way to Kopne He had to his first Wife Catharine Daughter of John Marquess of Brandenburg Custrin and after her decease Eleanor Daughter of Albert Frederick Duke of Prussia to his Second By both Ladies he had Ten Children whom we shall set down in the following Order viz. 1. John Sigismund born Nov. 8. 1572. of whom more in the next Section 2. Anne Catharine born 1575. married to Christian the Fourth King of Denmark 1597. deceased March 29. 1612. 3. John George the Third born Dec. 16. 1577. elected Bishop of Strasburg An. 1592. which Election was nevertheless the occasion of many Commotions In 1606. his Father gave him the Dutchy of Carnovia or Jaggerndorff Ten Years after he was elected Grand Master of the Order of St. John in Sonnenburg In 1621. he was proscribed by the Emperor Ferdinand the Second for taking part with Frederick the Fifth Elector Palatine and King of Bohemia and died two Years after in Hungary having had to Wife Eve Christina Daughter of Frederick the Sixth Duke of Wurtenburg and by her this following Issue 1. Catharine Sibil born 1611. deceased the Year following 2. George born 1613. deceased 1614. 3. Albert 1614. deceased 1620. 4. Catharine Sibil born and deceased 1615. And 5. Ernestus the Second born Jan. 18. 1617. who liv'd to be a Man and was made Governour of the Marck but died without Issue 1642. 4. Augustus born 1580. deceased 1601. 5. Albert Frederick born 1582. deceased 1600. 6. Joachim the Third Twins born 1583. And 7. Ernest the First Twins born 1583. Joachim died 1600. but Ernest liv'd to be made Master of the Order of St. John in Sonnenburg An. 1611. where he died soon after 8. Barbara Sophia born Nov. 16. 1584. married to John Frederick Duke of Wurtenburg 1609. deceased 1636. 9. Christian William born 1587. made Administrator of the Arch-Bishoprick of Magdeburg 1608. proscribed by the Emperor 1628. and made Prisoner at the taking of Magdeburg May 10. 1631. afterwards he turned Catholick and died at Cinna 1665. In 1615. he espoused Dorothy Daughter of Henry Julius Duke of Brunswick deceased 1649. After which he took Barbara Elizabeth Daughter of Jaroslaus de Martinitz Burgrave of Crossen in
had his Seat at Harburg where he had Issue by the Lady Metta de Rampen Otho the Fifteenth born Sept. 25. 1528. which Otho had Two Wives namely Margaret of Swartzburg and Hedewig Daughter of Emico Earl of East-Friesland and by them a numerous Off-spring whose Names were 1. Elizabeth born 1553. and married to Erick de Brabe Earl of Wisenburg in Sweden 1582. 2. Otho Henry born 1555. deceased 1591. 3. John Frederick born 1557. deceased 1619. 4. William the Eighth who succeeded his Father in the District of Marburg but died without Issue An. 1642. 5. Enno born 1565. deceased in his Infancy 6. Anne Margaret Lady Abbess of Quedelinburg born 1567. deceased 1643. 7. Henry born and dead 1568. 8. Hedewig born 1569. deceased an Infant 1620. 9. Christopher the Second born Aug. 21. 1570. deceased July 7. 1606. having had to Wife Elizabeth Daughter of Julius Duke of Brunswick but by her no Issue 10. Otho the Sixteenth born March 20. 1572. deceased also without Issue 1641. notwithstanding he had married Hedewig another Daughter of the said Julius Duke of Brunswick 11. John the Seventh born 1573. deceased 1625. 12. Elizabeth born 1574. deceased in her Infancy 13. Catharine Sophia born 1577. and married to Herman Count Schaumberg 1619. 14. Frederick the Sixth born Dec. 6. 1578. who served Charles King of Sweden in his Liffland Wars and died Sept. 17. 1605. And 15. Frederick Augustus born and dead the same Year viz. 1580. 3. Erneste the Seventh Preserver of the Family born June 26. 1497. of whom in the next Section 4. Apollonia born 1499. deceased 1571. whose Epitaph is still to be seen in the Cathedral Church at Ultzen 5. Anne born 1502. married to Bernim Duke of Pomerania 1523. deceased 1568. And 6. Francis the First born Nov. 23. 1508. who kept his Court in Giffhorn-Castle where he likewise died An. 1540. having had to Wife Clara Daughter of Magnus Duke of Sax-Lawenburg and by her Two Daughters that out-liv'd her namely 1. Catharine born 1534. married to Henry of Ruthen Burgrave of Meissen deceased 1565. And 2. Clara to Bernhard of Anhalt and after his decease in 1572. to Bugislaus Duke of Pomerania She died 1578. The above-named Henry is likewise said to have had Two other Sons and a Daughter but being their Names are no where to be found 't is not to be doubted but that they died Infants § XII We are now come to speak of Erneste the Seventh which Prince settled the Reformed formed Religion in his Provinces and subscribed the Augustane Confession Moreover he defeated the Tumultuous Boors with their Adherents As also the Anabaptists by the Assistance of the Bishop of Munster and departed this Life in the Year 1546. and 49th of his Age. He had to Wife Sophia Daughter of Henry surnamed The Peace-Maker Duke of Meckleburg whom he married An. 1520. and by her a numerous Issue whose Names were as follow viz. 1. Francis Otho born June 20. 1530. deceased Ap. 25. 1559. just after his Marriage with Elizabeth Magdalen Daughter of Joachim the Second Elector of Brandenburg 2. Frederick the Fifth born 1532. and Slain at the Battle of Sivershuse July 9. 1553. 3. Henry the Eleventh born June 4. 1533. who designing to live a Batchellor was content with the Counties of Danneberg and Wittenburg and resigned the Principality of Lunenburg to his younger Brother William yet afterwards altering his Mind married Ursula Daughter of Francis Duke of Sax-Lawenburg An. 1569. and died Jan. 17. leaving Issue by her as followeth viz. 1. Julius Ernestus born March 11. 1571. who succeeded him in his Possessions and took to Wife Mary Daughter of Emico Earl of East-Friesland after whose death An. 1616. he married Sibil Daughter of William Duke of Brunswick-Hanouer who survived him and liv'd till 1652. whereas himself died 1636. leaving Issue only a Daughter and that by his first Wife namely Mary Catharine born 1616. married to Adolph Frederick Duke of Meckleburg Swerin 1635. deceased 1665. 2. Francis the Third Canon of Strasburg and Cologne born June 6. 1572. and lost in the River not far from Strasburg 3. Sibil Elizabeth born 1576. and married in 1601. to Anthony Count Oldenburg 4. Sidonia born 1577. deceased a Maid 1645. 5. Augustus of whom more in the next Section as Author of the new Line of Brunswick 4. Margaret born June 10. 1534. and married to John Count Mansfeldt 5. William the Seventh born July 4. 1535. of whom more in the fourteenth Section as Propagator of the Line of Lunenburg 6. Ursula born 1536. deceased 1538. 7. Catharine born 1537. deceased in her Infancy 8. Elizabeth Ursula born 1539. married to Otho Count Schaumburg 1558. deceased 1586. 9. Magdalen born 1540. married to Arnold Count Benthem 1561. deceased 1586. And 10. Sophia born 1541. given in marriage to Poppo Count Henneberg 1562. Of the New Line of Brunswick or Wolfembuttel § XIII WE now return to Augustus the Second born Ap. 10. 1579. who at first kept his Court at Hitzgar but upon the decease of Frederick Ulrick in 1634. the last of the Old Line of Brunswick and his own Brother Julius Ernestus dying likewise soon after he succeeded 'em both in their Dominions yet so as that the Principality of Calenberg and Barony of Gottingen were to return to the Line of Zell He was a Just Religious Merciful Prince well read in all sorts of Learning He was elected Head of the Fruitful Society The whole course of his Government was exceeding happy to the very day of his Death which was Sept. 17. 1666. and the Eighty Eighth of his Age. His first Wife was Clara Maria Daughter of Bugislaus Duke of Pomerland stetin Sigismund Augustus Duke of Meckleburg's Widow deceased 1623. His second Dorothy of Rudolph Prince of Anhalt Servestan who died Sept. 26. 1634. And his third Sophia Elizabeth Daughter of John Albert Duke of Meckleburg-Gustrow married to him in 1635. whom he left a Widow By the second and third Ladies he had a fair Issue whose Names were and are as follow viz. 1. Henry Augustus born Ap. 28. 1625. deceased Sept. 30. 1627. 2. Rudolph Augustus born May 16. 1628. who succeeded his Father and by the Assistance of the other Princes of his Family subdued the City Brunswick which for some Ages had withdrawn its Allegiance from its lawful Prince where he caused a House of Correction to be built and restored the great Fair call'd Die Messe In 1650. he married the Lady Christina Elizabeth Daughter of Adolph Frederick the last Count de Barbien deceased 1681. having born him Issue as followeth viz. 1. Dorothy Sophia born Jan. 28. 1653. and married to John Adolph Duke of Holstein-Plonen 1673. 2. Christina Sophia born Ap. 3. 1654. and affianced to her Cousin-Germain Prince Augustus William 1681. And 3. Eleanor Sophia born 1655. deceased the Year following 3. Sibilla Ursula born 1629. married to Christian Duke of Holstein-Glucksburg deceased 1671. 4. Anonyma deceased as soon as born 1631. 5. Clara Augusta born
Bishop of Osenburg born Nov. 10. 1629. a Prince no less renowned in the Camp than Church He succeeded his Brother John Frederick in Calenberg and caused the States of that Principality as well as Subjects solemnly to do him Homage Oct. 22. and 23. 1680. In 1658. he took to Wife the Lady Sophia Daughter of Frederick the Fifth Elector Palatine and King of Bohemia which most happy Match has given Birth to a noble Issue whose Names are as follow viz. 1. George Lewis Prince Hereditary born May 28. 1660. who has given signal Proofs of his Courage both in the French and Turkish Wars On Nov. 21. 1682. he solemnly married his Cousin-Germain Sophia Dorothy aforesaid who was brought to Bed Oct. 30. in the following Year of 1. George Augustus as also of 2. William Erneste in 1685. 2. Frederick August Captain of the Guards in the Imperial Army against the Turks born Octob. 3. 1661. 3. Maximilian William Captain General of the Guards in the Venetian Army against the aforesaid Infidels born Dec. 14. 1666. 4 Sophia Charlotte born Oct. 20. 1668. and married to his most Potent and Serene Highness Frederick the Third the now Elector of Bavaria 〈◊〉 5. Charles Philip born Oct. 13. 1669. 6. Christian Sept. 29. 1671. And 7. Ernest August Sept. 17. 1674. Of the Augmentation of This Family § XVI IT has been already observed how Otho Henry Leo's Grandson after the decease of his Ancestors prevailed with the Emperor Frederick the Second to create him Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg An. 1235. See at large Henrici Meimbomii Hist Erectionis Ducatûs Brunsvicensis which is to be found in his Rerum Germanarum tom 3. pag. 203. Now there belonged to this Family at that time besides the Dutchy the Counties of Nordheim Lawenroden and Lutterberg with almost all Hercinia vulgarly called der Hark as also the Barony of Gottingen whereunto the City of Munde was added An. 1246. In 1255. Albert the Great made himself Master of Asseburg-Castle with all its Dependencies having beaten out the Barons then in Possession thereof as also of the Castle of Wolfembuttel by the same Methods having vanquished the ancient Lords of that Place To him likewise did the City Hamelen submit An. 1259. which till that time had belonged to the Abby of Fuld In 1305. there was an Accession of the Castle and District of Grubenhagen with all its Appurtenances and in 1311. upon putting down the Knights Templars it lay claim to the Town of Gittel In 1376. the County of Danneberg was bought by Otho the Fifth Duke of Brunswick of Nicholas last Count thereof The same Prince bought the Earldom of Wittenburg also An. 1320. Another Otho of this Family purchased the Town of Wallersleben An. 1337. and the Government of Bodenleich Ten Years after The same Prince possessed himself of the Town of Wittengen An. 1350. and of the Town and Castle of Hardeysen in 1380. In 1388. Bernhard the First took the Chatellany or Government of Klotze from the Barons of Quitzou He likewise subdued the Town and Castle of Snackenburg on the Elbe The same Prince by a Treaty with the Bishop of Hildesheim was put in Possession of the Praefecture and Castle of Burgdorff about the Year 1433. In 1435. William the Elder surnamed The Victorious annexed the County of Hallermund to his Family as a Fief void by the Death of the last Earl thereof Otho the Twelfth of Lunenburg had the County of Eberstein and Barony of Homburg in Dowry with his Wife William the Victorious purchased the County of Wunstorp for a certain Summ of Money An. 1646. The same Prince made himself Master of the Castle and Government of Hitzgar or Hitzacker An. Dom. 1468. William the Younger Duke of Brunswick Wolfembuttel bought Helmstadt of its Abbot in the Year 1490. In 1519. the County of Dasselen and many other Pieces of the Bishoprick of Hildesheim were annexed to this Family by right of Conquest In 1571. the Praefecture of Radolffshausen fell to Wolfgang Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg upon the decease of Diderick the last Noble Baron de Plesse In 1582. the County of Hoye returned to this Family as held in Fee as did that of Diepholt with all its Dependancies in 1585. In 1592. the Castle and Government of Gumbse were made over to it by the Barons of that Name In 1593. upon the death of the last Earl of Hohenstein that County fell in as also what remained of the County of Lutterberg particularly St. Andres with the Government and Castle of Schartzfeldt In 1599. there was an Accession of the County of Blanckenburg Duke George of the Line of Hanouer seized on the whole Bishoprick of Hildesheim as well as City of that Name Moreover by the Treaty of Osenburg An. 1648. this Family obtained a Right of Alternate Succession to that Bishoprick By the same Treaty the Monastry of Walckenried with its Dependencies were yielded to it In 1671. their most Serene Highnesses the Dukes of Brunswick totally reduced that City to their Obedience Lastly by the Treaty of Nimeguen with the Swedes An. 1678. the Governments of Tedinghusen and Doweren were given up to this House Of its Decrease § XVII AS to what relates to the Decrease of this Family Otho the Seventh Mortgaged Eisfeld and Duderstadt to Adolph Arch-Bishop of Mentz By the Treaty of Osenburg the Dukes of Brunswick and Lunenburg were obliged to restore the Bishoprick of Hildesheim to its ancient State and Government By the same Pacification the Lordships of Klettenberg and Lohr which heretofore belonged to the County of Hohenstein were also surrendred to the Elector of Brandenburg as Fiefs of the Principality of Halberstadt Of its Pretensions § XVIII THis Family lays Claim to Eisfeld and Duderstadt as only Mortgaged to the Bishoprick of Mentz which it likewise extends to the County of Reinstein as a Dependant of the County of Blanckenburg Moreover the most Serene Dukes of Brunswick and Lunenburg have lately taken Possession viz. An. 1689. of the Dutchy of Sax-Lawenburg having a just Pretension thereunto CHAP. XI Of the Family of Hesse § I. THat the Landtgraves of Hesse owe their Original to the Ancient Kings of the Francks and more especially to Charlemaigne is generally agreed on by most Writers yet are they often at a loss in making out the Series of Succession This is certain that about the Year 1255. Sophia the last Heiress of Hesse and Thuringe was married to Henry the Second Duke of Brabant and that upon the Death of her Brother Herman the Second after several Contests and sharp Wars with the Marquesses of Misnia about the Succession she obtain'd Hesse for her young Son Henry the First whom therefore we shall here set down as common Father of the present Landtgraves He was surnamed The Hessian and died Ap. 8. 1308. being succeeded by his Son Otho the First who settled the Right of Succession by Primogeniture in this Family and departed this Life about the Year 1326.
Pomerania Sept. 24. 1655. His Wife was Eleanor Catharine Daughter of John Casimire Prince Palatine of Deux-Ponts whom he married An. 1646. which Match gave birth to three Daughters now living whose Names are 1. Christina born Oct. 30. 1649. married to Ferdinand Albert Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg of the Line of Wolfembuttel 1667. whose Relict she now is 2. Juliana born 1652. and espoused by the Free Baron of Zilienburg And 3 Charlotte born Oct. 30. 1653. married to Augustus Duke of Sax-Quernfurt 1673 and after his decease which happened the Year following to John Adolph Count Tecklenburg 14. Christian born 1622. deceased Dec. 14. 1641. 15. Ernest born Dec. 9. 1523. whose Residence was in Rheinfeld Castle In 1652 he turn'd Catholick and died Feb. 19. 1682 leaving Issue by the Lady Mary Eleanor o◠Solms two Sons viz. 1. William born 1648. and married in 1669. to the Lady Mary Anne of Wertheim by whom he has had Issue only a Daughter named Mary Eleanor and deceased almost as soon as born And 2. Charles the second born 1650. In 1667. he married Sophia Magdalen of Solms who dying at Venice in 75. he the same Year took to Wife Alexandrina Juliana of Leiningen by the first Venture he has Issue now living 1 William Canon of Cologne born 1671. Frederick born 1673. who likewise enjoys the same Dignity And Philip born 1674. 16. Christina born July 9. 1625. deceased July 25. 1626. 17. Philip born 1627. deceased July 8. 1629. And 18. Elizabeth born 1628. deceased Feb. 11. 1636. § IV. William mentioned by us in the foregoing Section Number 5. succeeded his Father a the Government and in 1628. came to an Agreement with the Line of Darmstadt about the succession to their Uncle Lewis's Possession and other matters hitherto controverted He took part with the King of Sweden and departed this life Sept. 21. 1637. His Princess was Amalia Elizabeth of Hanaw married to him Nov. 21. 1619. who bore him twelve Children whereof only four liv'd to be of Age and died herself Aug. 8. 1651. having bred up her Children excellently well and managed the Government during her Son's minority with wonderful Prudence and Success The Names of the Surviving Issue were 1. Aemilia born Feb. 12. 1626. married to Henry Charles de Tremoville Prince of Taranto 1648. deceased 1686. 2. Charlotte born Nov. 20. 1627. married to Charles Lewis Elector Palatine 1650. deceased a Widow March 16. 1686. 3. William the Sixth born May 29. 1629. of whom soon again 4. Elizabeth Lady Abbess of Herverden born June 23. 1634. William the Sixth succeeded his Father and in 1649. took to Wife the Lady Hedewig Sophia Daughter of George William Elector of Brandenburg He twice Defeated the Imperialists and died July 15. 1663. having had Issue as followeth viz. 1. Charlotte Amalia born Ap. 27. 1650. and married in 1668. to the present King of Denmark 2. William the Seventh born June 21. 1651. deceased in his way to Paris Nov. 21. 1670. 3. Lovise born 1652. deceased the Year following 4. Charles the present Landtgrave of Hesse Cassel born Aug. 3. 1654. who on May 21. 1673. took to Wife the Lady Mary Amalia Daughter of James Duke of Curland who has born him Issue as followeth viz. 1. William born March 29. 1674. deceased 16 2. Charles born 1675. deceased Dec. 7. 1677. 3. Frederick the present Prince Hereditary born Ap. 28. 1676. 4. Christian born 1677. and since dead 5. Sophia Charlotte born July 16. 1678. 6. Charles June 12. 1680. 7. William born 1682. since deceased And 8. Leopold born Dec. 30. 1684. 5. Philip the fifth born Dec. 14. 1655. who Resides at Hirschfeld and in 1680. married the Lady Amalia Catharine of Solms by whom he has Issue 1. Wilhelmina Hedewig born Oct. 9. 1681. And 2. Charles Sept. 23. 1682. 6. George the fourth born March 20. 1657. deceased 1674. And 7. Elizabeth Henrietta born 1661. married to Frederick the Third the present Elector of Brandenburg Aug. 23 167 deceased June 27. 1683. Of the Line of Darmstadt § V. AMongst the Sons of Philip the Magnanimous above named there was mention made of George the First as Author of the Line of Darmstadt Section 2. Number 10. This prince founded Thirteen Country Schools and died Feb. 7. 1596. having had the Lady Magdalen of Lappe deceased 1587. to his first Wife and Eleanor Daughter of Christopher of Wurtenburg Joachim Ernestus Prince of Anhault's Widow who died 1618. to his Second By these Ladies he had Issue 1. Philip Lewis born and dead the same Year viz. 1576. 2. Lewis the Sixth born Sep. 24. 1577. of whom in the next Section 3. Christina born Nov. 28. 1578. affianced to Frederick Magnus Count d'Erpach deceased 1596. 4. Elizabeth born Nov. 26. 1579. given in marriage to John Casimire Count Palatine in Saarbrucken deceased 1625. 5. Mary Hedewig born 1580. deceased 1581. 6. Philip the Fourth who had his Seat at Butzbach and miserably perished in a Bath Ap. 28. 1643. leaving no Issue 7. Anne born March 3. 1583. married to Ernest Count Solms deceased 1601. 8. Frederick the Third born May the 5th of whom more beneath in the Branch of Homburg 9. Magdalen born 1586. all short liv'd 10. Joan 1587. And all short liv'd 11. Henry 1590. all short liv'd § VI. We now return to Lewis the Sixth who Founded the University at Giessen Oct. 10. 1605. In 1622. he was taken Prisoner by Frederick the Fifth Elector Palatine but soon after set at liberty by him He first caused the Right of Primogeniture to obtain in his Line and died July 27. 1626. His Wife was Magdalen of John George Elector of Brandenburg who died 1616. having born him Twelve Children whose Names were as follow 1. Elizabeth Magdalen born Apr. 25. 1600. married to Lewis Frederick of Wurtenburg July 13. 1617. deceased 1624. 2. Anne Eleanor born July 30. 1601. married to George Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg of the Line of Hanouer Dec. 14. 1617. deceased 1640. 3. Mary born 1602. deceased 1610. 4. Sophia Agnes born Jan. 12. 1604. and married to John Frederick Count Palatine of the Line of Newburg Nov. 7. 1614. 5. George the Second born March 17. 1605. of whom in the next Section 6. Juliana born Apr. 14. 1606. married to Ulrick Earl of East-Friesland March 5. 1631. deceased Jan. 15. 1659. 7. Amalia born 1607 deceased Sept. 11. 1627. 8. John the Second born June 17. 1609. a Prince of great Courage and Prudence in the Government of his Family He had his Seat at Braubach where he died Issueless Apr. 1. 1641. 9. Henry the Seventh born Apr. 1. 1612. Consul for the German Nation at Siena where he died An. 16 10. Hedewig born 1613. deceased 1616. 11. Lewis born and dead the same Year viz. 1614. 12. Frederick the Fifth born Feb. 28. 1616. who turning Catholick was Constituted Grand Prior of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem throughout all Germany An. 1651. promoted to be Cardinal and Protector of the German
Fridenwalde-Castle An. 1480. In 1492. William added the Lordship of Epstein to his other Possessions In 1557. â—his Family after several Disputes about the matter became possessed of the whole County of Catzen Elnbogen In 1504. the Seigniâ—ory of Bickenbach fell to it the Ancient Barons thereof becoming at that time extinct In 1571. the Lordship of Plesse was annex'd to it and part of the County of Hoye as was also the Barony of Franckenstein some Two Years after In 1600. Lewis of Darmstadt bought Kelsterbach on the River Last of all by the Peace of Osenburg An. 1648. the Jurisdiction of Hirschfeld-Abby but with the Title of a Principality was yielded up to the Landtgrave as was also good part of the County of Schaumburg Of its Decrease and Pretensions § XI THe Encroachments suffered by thâ— Family and Pretensions which may thence arise are so very inconsiderable that they are scarce worth taking notice of unless we shall here alledge the great Ravages and Devastations made in the Principality 〈◊〉 Darmstadt by the French And it has been already observed how this Family has entre into Articles of Agreement to a mutual Succession with the Family of Saxony and Brandenburg CHAP. XII Of the Family of Meckleburg § I. THat this Family is descended from the Ancient Kings of the Herah and Obâ—trâ—ti is the Opinion of almost all Writers yet are they often wanting in the Line of Succession This is certain That Prâ—â—â—lans the Second was reduced to such Extremities by Henry the Lyon Duke of Saxony that he was forc'd with all Submission to demand a Peace of him which indeed he did obtain together with a considerable Tract of Land betwixt the Elbe and Baltick Shore but â—et to content himself for the future with the Stile of Duke In which Stile he made publick Profession of the Christian Faith and was Baptized at Lunenburg by the Abbot of St. Michael with great Solemnity He was alterwards Slain by a Tragical accident in a Tournament at Lunenburg An. 1215. His first Wise was Maud Daughter of Bolestans Crispns Duke of Poland and his second Voisboda Daughter of Burewin King of Norway by which last he had Issue 1. Henry Burewin deceased 1218. having had to Wife the Lady Maud Daughter of Henry the Lyon Duke of Saxony and by her Two Sons namely 1. Nicholâ—t miserably buried in the Ruins of an old House And 2. Henry Founder of the Cathedral at Gustrow deceased 1228. whose Dutchess was the Princess Sophia Daughter of Charles the First King of Sweden by whom he had Four Sons whose Names were as follow viz. 1. John the Divine of whom in the next Section 2. Pribislaus the Third Lord in Parchim the only Person of all his Family who continued a Pagan He begat Pribislaus the Fourth who died Childless 3. Burewin the Third whose Patrimony was the City Rostock where he Founded the Monastry of St. John and had Issue by Margaret of Denmark Three Sons 1. Henry both which died without Issue And 2. Erick both which died without Issue And 3. Woldemar deceased 1287. leaving one Son Nicholot the Sixth surnamed the Boy of Rostock who likewise had no Issue 4. Nicholot the Fifth deceased 1277. leaving Issue besides Bernhard and Henry the Fourth a Third Son named John the Second who died 1316 and was Father of Nicholot the Seventh which Nicholot was succeeded in the District of Rostock by his Son John the Third who by Maud Daughter of Barnim the Second Duke of Pomerania had Issue 1. John the Fourth And 2. Nicholot the Eighth who had no Male Issue but John begot 1. Nicholot the Ninth And 2. Bernhard Nicholot the Ninth was Father of Laurence who departed this Life 1393. leaving Issue by Maud Daughter of Nicholot the Eighth a Son named Balthasar deceased 1400. or as others 1401. As for Benhard he begat John the Fifth who was Father of Three Sons namely 1. Christopher deceased without Issue 2. Nicholot the Tenth a Prince highly esteemed for his Piety and Prudence in the Government of his Family who died An. 1406. And 3. William who departed this Life 1430. leaving only a Daughter named Katharine and married to the last Prince of Stargart § II. We now return to John the Divine who Studied 20 Years at the University of Paris where he commenced Doctor of Divinity He departed this Life 1260. leaving by his Wise Luitgarde Daughter of Peppâ— Count de Henneberg besides other Issue a Son named Henry the Fourth and surnamed of Jerusalem for his good Services in the Holy War in which he was taken Prisoner by the Saracens and not set at liberty till above Twenty six Years after He died An. 1302. having begot Henry the Lyon or Seventh on his Wife the Princess Anastasia Daughter of Barnim Duke of Pomerania-Stetin This Leo or the Lyon who died 1329. his Eldest Son's Name was Albert the First Matriculated and declared Prince of the Empire by the Emperor Charles the Fourth He departed this Life 1380. having married Euphemia Daughter of Magnus King of Sweden by whom he had Two Sons viz. 1. Albert the Second who was elected King of Sweden but being overcome and made Prisoner by Margaret Queen of Denmark An. 1388. was kept so by her for seven Years and then set at liberty which yet he enjoyed not long for he died the Year following viz. 1396. His Two Wives were first Fâ—chsa Daughter of Otho the last Earl of Swerin And secondly Helena Daughter of Magnus Torquatus Duke of Brunswick by which last he had Issue Two Sons 1. Erick the First And but both died without Issue 2. Albert the but both died without Issue 2 Magnus the First who died at Aix la Chapelle An. 1384. and was succeeded in his Dutchy by his Son John the Third who Founded the Unviersity at Rostock in 1415. and had the same opened and confirmed four Years after He departed this Life An. 1423. leaving the Government of his Provinces to his Son Henry the Fourth § III. This Henry the Fourth surnamed The Gross died 1477. having had to Wife Dorothy Daughter of Frederick the First Elector of Brandenburg and by her this following Issue viz. 1. Anne deceased a Maid 1464. 2. Elizabeth Lady Abbess of Reibnitz 3. Albert the Sixth deceased without Issue 1491. 4. John the Sixth who died of the Plague 1475. 5. Balthasar deceased also without Issue March 7. 1507. 6. Magnus the Second in whose Issue this Family was preserved who Founded the Cathedral and died Nov. 22. 1503. having had to Wife the Lady Sophia Daughter of Erick the Second Duke of Pomerania deceased 1504. Which Match gave Birth to 1. Henry the Fifth surnamed Pacificus or The Peace-Maker who brought the true Doctrine of Christ into his Dominions according to the Lutheran Profession But whereas his Two Sons Magnus the Third and Philip died both without Issue the Government fell to his Brother Albert's Eldest Son as we shall show immediately 2. Erick the Second deceased 1508. 3.
Sophia married to John Elector of Saxony An. 1500. deceased July 12. 1503. 4. Anne to William Landtgrave of Hesse An. 1500. and after his decease to Otho Count Solms She died 1525. 5. Catharine the Wife of Henry Duke of Saxony of the Line of Albert deceased June 6. 1561. 6. Dorothy Lady Abbess of Reibnitz And 7. Albert the Seventh surnamed The Fair born May 3. 1487. deceased Jan. 10. 1547. His Wife was Anne Daughter of Joachim the First Elector of Brandenburg and his Eldest Son John Albert the First This John Albert was a very Learned Prince Governed his Provinces excellently well and departed this Life Feb. 2. 1576. leaving Issue by Anne Sophia Daughter of Albert Duke of Prussia and Marquess of Brandenburg 1. John the Seventh who being grievously opprest with Melancholy laid violent hands on himself at Stargart March 22. 1592. His Sons by Sophia Daughter of Adolph Duke of Holstein were 1. Adolph Frederick born Dec. 4. 1589. of whom in the next Section And 2. John Albert the Second born May 5. 1590. of whom more below in the Line of Gustrow Of the Line of Swerin § IV. JOhn Frederick was Author and Propagator of the present Line of Swerin This Prince was Proscribed with his Brother upon his siding with Christian the Fourth King of Denmark and had his Dutchy given to Wallenstein Duke of Friedland but was again restored to it by the Victorious Arms of Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden An. 1631. He departed this Life Feb. 24. 1658. being merely worn out by Age. His Wives were first Anne Mary Daughter of Enno Earl of East-Friesland who died 1634. And secondly Mary Catharine Daughter of Julius Ernestus Duke of Lunenburg and Brunswick deceased July 1. 1665. By these he had Issue 1. Christian Lewis the present Prince Regent born Dec. 1. 1623. who turned Catholick Oct. 29. 1663. and had the Order of the Holy Ghost conferr'd on him by the French King In the same Year he got himself divorc'd from Christina Margaret of Gustrow his Cousin-Germain and first Wife and married Isabel Angelia de Montmoreney the Duke de Chastillon's Widow but is like to have no Issue by her 2. Sâ—phia Agnes born Jan. 12. 1625. who leads a single Life and lately liv'd in Ruen Castle 3. Charles the born March 8. 1626. deceased without Issue Aug. 20. 1670. 4. Anne Mary born July 1. 1627. married to Augustus Administrator of Magdeburg 164 deceased 1669. 5. John George the First born May 5. 1629. who liv'd in Mirau Castle and married Elizabeth Eleanor Daughter of Anthony Ulrick Dake of Brunswick yet had no Issue surviving at his death which happened in the Year 1675. 6. Hedewig born 1630. deceased the Year after 7. Gustavus Rudolph born 1631. deceased May 14. 1670. having never had Issue by his Wife the Lady Erdmuth Sophia Daughter of Francis Henry Duke of Sax-Lawenburg 8. Juliana born 1633. deceased 1634. 9. Julian Sibil born 1636. as yet unmarried 10. Frederick born Feb. 13. 1638. who lived at Krabow with his Wife the Lady Christina Wilhelmina Daughter of Christopher Prince of Hesse Bingenheim by whom he left Two Sons surviving at his death which happened in April last Year viz. 1688. whose Names are Frederick William born March 13. 1675. And Charles born 1679. 11. Christina Lady Abbess of Gendersheim born 1639. 12. Bernhard Sigismand born and dead the same Year 1641. 13. Augusta born 1643. deceased 1644. 14. Mary Elizabeth born 1646. not yet married 15. Anne Sophia born Nov. 24. 1647. and married to Julius Sigismund Duke of Wurtenburg of the Silesian Line March 25. 1677. 16. Adolph Ernest born 1650. deceased the Year after 17. Philip Lewis born 1652. deceased 1655. 18. Henry William born and dead the same Year viz. 1653. And 19. Adolph August born 1650. who lives at present in the Castle of Strelitz and has taken to Wife his Cousin Mary Daughter of Gustavus Adolphus the present Prince Regent of Meckleburg-Gustrow by whom he hath a Son and as I think of his own Name Of the Line of Gustrow § V. THis Line began in John Albert the Second whom we mentioned in the end of the last Section He was of the Reformed Religion and ended his days in the Year 1636. His Wives were first Margaret Elizabeth Daughter of Christopher Duke of Secondly Elizabeth Daughter of Maurice Landtgrave of Hesse And Thirdly Eleanor Mary Daughter of Christian Prince of Anhalt By the first and second Ventures he had Nine Children whereof Five were short liv'd the other Four were 1. Sophia Elizabeth born 1613. married to Augustus Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg 1635. deceased 1676. 2. Christina Margaret born March 9. 1615. remarried after the decease of Francis Albert Duke of Sax Lawenburg her first Husband to Christian Lewis the present Duke of Meckleburg-Swerin deceased Aug. 16. 1666. 3. Anne Sophia born Sept. 29. married to Lewis Duke of Lignitz 1649. deceased Feb. 19. 1666. And 4. Gustavus Adolphus the present Prince Regent of the Line of Gustrow born Feb. 26. 1633. who hath taken to Wife Magdalen Sibil Daughter of Frederick Duke of Sleswick whom he married Nov. 28. 1654. and hath had Issue by her as followeth viz. 1. John born 1655. deceased 1660. 2. Eleanor born 1657. deceased 1672. 3. Mary born 1659. and married to her Cousin Adolph Gustavus of Swerin 4. Magdalen born July 4. 1660. 5. Sophia June 21. 1662. 6. Christina born Aug. 14. 1663. and married to Christian Lewis Count Stolberg An. 1683. 7. Charles the Second born Nov. 18. 1664. who in 1687. took to Wife the Princess Mary Amalia Daughter of Frederick William the Great Elector of Brandenburg yet died this excellent Prince on the 15th of March in the following Year and that without Issue 8. Hedewig Eleanor born Jan. 12. 1666. 9. Lovise Aug. 28. 1667. 10. Elizabeth Sept. 13. 1668. And 11. Augusta Dec. 27. 1674. Of the Augmentation of This Family § VI. WHat Lands Pribislaus the Second Duke of Meckleburg had granted him by Henry the Lyon Duke of Saxony has been already observ'd Afterwards the Lordship of Stargart was added to this Dutchy An. 1290. In 1301. Henry of Jerusalem subdued the City Weismar by force of Arms. In 1317. this Family had the Province of Rostock settled on it by the then King of Denmnrk Albert the Second having married the Daughter and Heiress of Otho Rosa the last Earl of Swerin of the Family of Barlenleb did in her right become possessed of the said County with the City Domitz An. 1355. In 1431. upon the death of the last Prince of the that Principality fell to our Family as next of Blood In 1648. it had likewise the Bishoprick of Swerin but with the Title of a Principality the Bishoprick of Ratzburg a Canonry of Magdeburg a Canonry of Halberstadt and two Commendum's belonging to the Order of St. John namely Mirau and Numerau settled upon it by way of Compensation for the loss of Weismar CHAP. XIII Of the Family of Wirtenburg §
dy'd 1687. Anthony the Elder Brother born June 4. 1489. had the Dutchy of Lorrain and Barry and dy'd June 15. 1544. leaving Issue by Renata of Bourbon Daughter of Gilbert Earl of Montpensier Francis Duke of Lorrain and Bar a Prince adorned with all the Beauties of Mind and Body but taken off by an Apoplexy in the Flower of his Youth His only Son was Charles the Second Duke of Lorrain and Bar born Feb. 18. 1543. married Claudia Daughter of Henry the Second King of France and died Dec. 10. 1608. His Issue were 1. Henry Duke of Lorrain and Bar born Nov. 8. 1563. who succeeded his Father and took to Wife Catharine Daughter of Anthony King of Navarre An. 1599. But she dying in 1604. he Two Years after married Margaret Gonzaga Daughter of Vincent Duke of Mantua By the last Lady he left Issue Two Daughters Nicholaea born 1608. and Claudia The one married to Charles the Third and deceased Feb. 20. 1657. The other to Nicholas Francis and died 1656. 2. Christina born Aug. 6. 1565. married to Ferdinand the Great Duke of Tuscany 1589. deceased Jan. 19. 1637. 3. Charles Bishop of Metz and Strasburg born July 1. 1567. he was likewise promoted to the Dignity of a Cardinal on Dec. 12. 1588. 4. Antonia born Aug. 26. 1568. married to William Duke of Cleves and Mons 1599. deceased Aug. 18. 1610. 5 Anne born and deceased 1570. 6. Francis Count de Vaudemont born Feb. 27. 1571. of whom in the next Section 7. Catharine Lady Abbess of Remirmont born Nov. 3. 1572. deceased March 7. 1648. 8. Elizabeth born Nov. 3. 1573. married to Maximilian Duke of Bavaria 1595. deceased Jan. 4. 1635. And 9. Claudia born and deceased 1574. § III. We now return to Francis Count de Vaudemont who succeeded his Brother Henry in the Dutchies of Lorrain and Bar married Christina Daughter of Paul Count Solms and died 1632. leaving Issue Five Children whose Names were 1. Henry deceased an Infant 2. Charles the Third his Father's Successor born 1603. a Bold and Valiant Prince yet by reason of some Divisions and Discontents in his Family but chiefly seeing himself like to die without Issue sold all his Dominions to the French King But beginning to repent of what he had done and willing to evade his Contract was forced to stand to it by the French who beat him out of his Dutchy which he could never again recover His first Dutchess was Nicholaea Daughter to his Uncle Duke Henry whom he Divorc'd and married Beatrix de Cussance Daughter of Eugenius Prince of after whose decease he in 1665. took Mary Daughter of Charles Count d' Aspremont to his third Wife yet died without lawful Issue An. 1675. 3. Nicholas Francis Bishop of Toul promoted to a Cardinal's Hat in 1626. yet afterwards quitted his Orders and acted a secular Prince marrying the Lady Claudia Daughter to his Uncle Henry Duke of Lorrain which Match gave Birth to the most Illustrious Hero Charles Leopold Sixtus of whom in the next Section 4. Henrica born 1606. deceased 1660. having had Five Husbands namely 1. Lewis de Guise 2. Jerom Grimaldi 3. Christopher de Moura 4. Charles de Gascoigne And 5. The Baron de Cantelou 5. Margaret born 1616. married to Gaston John Baptist Duke of Orleans 1632. deceased Ap. 13. 1672. § IV. We are now come to speak of Charles Leopold the now rightful Duke of Lorain born 1643. A Prince highly esteem'd by His Imperial Majesty whose General he is A Prince without dispute the greatest Hero of the Age having by his late Renowned Actions against the Turks which can scarce be Parallelled in Story joyned with what he daily performs against the French already raised himself to such a pitch of Glory as will render his Name Immortal to all Posterity In 1678. he married Eleanora Maria Josepha of Austria Sister to the present Emperor and Dowager of Michael late King of Poland who hath born him Issue at Inspruck in the Principality of Tyrol as followeth viz. 1. Leopoldus Josephus Carolus Agapetus Hyacintus born Sept. 11. 1679. 2. Josephus Johannes Antonius Ignatius Felicissimus born Nov. 24. 1680. 3. Another Son deceased before it was Christened 4. Ferdinandus Josephus Philippus Romanus Laurentius born Aug. 17. 1683. 5. Josephus Innocentius Emanuel Felicianus Constantinus born Oct. 20. 1685. 6. Franciscus Antonius Josephus Maria Ambrosius Nicholaus born Dec. 8. 1689. N. S. CHAP. XVIII Of the Family of the Duke of Tuscany § I. WE remark'd above in the Life of the Emperor Rudolph the First That he alienated from the Empire and gave their Freedom to several Cities in Italy amongst which the City of Florence paid for her Liberty 6000 Shillings But upon the breaking out of great Heats and Tumults between the Commons and the Nobles in the Year 1311. it submitted it self to the Protection of Robert King of Naples according to Machiavil Sicily but it did not long continue in that State but was afterwards under the Government of the Duke of Calabria and after him of the Dukes of Athens who having renounced the Government and the Nobles being over-powered by the Commonalty it became Monarchial For An. 1434. Cosmo de Medices a Citizen and whose Ancestors were Merchants was elected Prince by the Populace Piero or Peter de Medices Prince Cosmo's Grandson having without the Senates knowledge entred into a League with the French King Chap. VIII was ejected by the Flerentines who enjoy'd their ancient Liberty till An. 1512. Ferdinand the Catholick King restor'd the Medicean Family which nevertheless in the Year 1529. was again expell'd by the Flerentines And altho' the Emperor Chap. V. seized on the City and made Alexander de Medices who had married his natural Daughter Margaret their Governour yet he being Slain the Populace made choice of his Kinsman Cosmo de Medices § II. This Cosmo commonly called the First was declared King of Tuscany by Pope Paul the Fifth in 1569. But upon the Emperor Maximilian the Second's much opposing it he threw aside the Title of King and took that of Great Duke of Tuscany His Son Francis in 1575. married Joan the Daughter of the Emperor Ferdinand the First by whom he had Ferdinand the First Father of Cosmo the Second who died 1670. and left a Son Cosmo the Third born 1642. the present Grand Duke who by Margaret Lovise Daughter of Gaston John Baptist Duke of Orleans has a Son viz. Gaston who in 1688. married Violanta Beatrix Daughter of Ferdinand Maria and Sister to the present Elector of Bavaria § III. As for what concerns this Prince's Dominions In Tuscany and Pisa he is Soveraign But Feudatory to His Catholick Majesty for Siena and Massa and great part of the Isse of Elbe to whom upon that account he yearly pays 10000 Florins Lastly he holds the City Saturnia as a Fief of the Empire His Power may be guess'd by his Yearly Revenues which are estimated at 1800000 Shillings CHAP. XIX Of the House of Savoy
her Uncle Maurice Prince of Oneglia 2. Franciscus Hyacinthus Duke of Savoy born 1632. deceased 1638. 3. Charles Emanuel of whom below 4. Margaret Joland born 1635. married to Rainulius Duke of Parma April 29. 1660. deceased 1663. 5 Adelais Henrica or as others Henrietta Adelheid born Nov. 6. 1636. married to Ferdinand Maria Elector of Bavaria 1652. deceased March 18. 1676. 6. Catharina Beatrix her Twin-Sister deceased 1637. Charles Emanuel who succeeded his Father was born June 20. 1634. He perform'd all his Exercises very finely on Horseback for the improvement of which Art he caused an Academy to be opened at Turin and was so absolutely perfect in all other Endowments both of Mind and Body that his untimely death which hapned June 12. 1675. is never enough to be lamented In 1663. he took to Wise Frances Magdalen Daughter to John Baptist Gaston Duke of Orleans but she died May 11. 1665. After which he married Mary Joan Baptist of Savoy Daughter to Charles Amadeus Duke of Nemours whom he left as she still remains a Widow By the last he had Victor Amadeus Francis the present Duke of Savoy born May 17. 1666. On April 9. 1684. he married Anne Mary Daughter to Philip Duke of Orleans by whom as far as I can learn he has hitherto had only 1. Mary Adelheid born Dec. 6. 1685. And 2. Another Daughter born Aug. 30. N.S. 1688. whose Name as yet I know not § VI. It still remains we say somewhat of Thomas Francis youngest Son to Charles Emanuel I. Duke of Savoy mentioned already by us in Sect. IV. Numb 9. who spent his Life for the most part in the Wars Jan. 22. 1624. he married Mary of Bourbon Daughter to Charles Count de Soissons who bare him 1. Charlotte Christina not long-liv'd 2. Aloisia Christina born Aug. 1. 1627. and married to Ferdinand Maximilian Marquiss of Baden 1693. 3. Emanuel Philibert Amadeus of Savoy Prince de Carignan born Aug. 20. 1628. He was both deaf and dumb and so wholly unfit for Business of State nevertheless he was married in 1684. to Mary Catharine of Este Prince Borsus his Daughter 4. Joseph Emanuel John born June 24. 1631. deceased Jan. 12. 1656. 5. Eugenius Maurice of Savoy Count de Soissons born May 3. 1635. of whom beneath 6. Amadeus and both which died in their youth 7. Ferdinand both which died in their youth As for Eugenius Maurice he departed this Life June 7. 1673. On Feb. 20. 1657. he married Olympia Daughter of Michael Laurence of by Cardinal Mazarine's Sister whom he left a Widow and by her a numerous Issue viz. 1. Lewis Thomas Count de Soissons born Decemb 15. 1657. His Princess's Name is Urania de la Cropte Daughter to the Noble Baron de Beauvais whom he married Decemb 17. 1682. 2. Philip born 1659. 3. Lewis Julius born May 2. 1660. and slain in the Turkish Wars July 13. 1683. 4. Emanuel born 1663. deceased 1676. 5. Francis Eugenius born 1665. 6. Frances deceased Feb. 24. 1671. 7. Mary Joan Baptista born Jan. 1. 1665. 8. Aloisia Philiberta born Nov. 22. 1667. CHAP. XX. Of the House of Mantua § I. WE now come to the Family of the Dukes of Mantua and shall derive the same from one Hugo who married one of the Gonzaga's a Family of a Noble Extraction in Lombardy which was the reason that his Son Gerhard who was invested in Mantua by his Cousin Adelbert in 1009. as an immediate Feudatory of the Empire took on him the Name of Gonzaga Hugo his Father died in the Year 946. and is said to be the Son of another Hugo who was Earl of Provence and King of Italy and Son to King Lotharius III. Grandson to K. Lotharius II. and great Grandson to Lotharius the Emperour Aloisius or Lewis Gonzaga was the Eleventh in descent from Gerhard and created Captain of Mantua by the Emperour Charles IV. in the Year 1329. His Son and Successor was Guido who begat Lewis which Lewis was succeeded by his Son Francis all of 'em Captains of Mantua Francis's Son and Successor was John Francis created the first Marquiss of Mantua by the Emperour Sigismund Sept. 22. 1433. His eldest Son and Successor was Frederick I. who begat Francis II. Francis II. begat Frederick II. who was created the First Duke of Mantua by Charles V. April 8. 1530. and left three Sons 1. Francis who died without Issue 2. William who succeeded his Brother Francis And 3. Lewis of whom in the next William's Son and Successor was Vincent Duke of Mantua whose Issue was as followeth 1. Margaret Gonzaga married to Henry Duke of Lorrain 2. Eleanor married in 1622. to the Emperour Ferdinand II. deceased June 27. 1655. 3. Francis II. who left only a Daughter 4. Cardinal Ferdinand And 5. Vincent in whom the Ducal Line in Italy failed Anno 1627. § II. Return we therefore to Lewis III. Son to Frederick above-mentioned who married the Lady Henrica Heiress to the Dutchy of Nevers in France which was possess'd by his Posterity 'till the Year 1659. at what time they sold it to Cardinal Mazarine His Son was Charles Gonzaga Duke of Nevers who became Duke upon the death of his Cousin Vincent and Heired all his Estates He departed this Life in the Year 1637. having begot Charles II. who contrary to the Course of Nature died before his Father 1631. Nevertheless he was first married and left Issue as follows 1. Eleanor born May 18. 1629. married to the Emperour Ferdinand III. 1651. deceased 1â—86 2. Charles III. the present Duke who married Isabella Clara Daughter to Leopold V. Arch-Duke of Austria but has no Issue by her CHAP. XXI Of the Family of the Dukes of Parma and Placentia § 1. THe Dukes of Parma owe their Original to the ancient Line of the Farnese's in Italy from whence Pope Paul III. otherwise Alexander de Farnese was descended who in 1545. created his Natural Son Peter Aloisius de Farnese Duke of Parma and Placentia Nevertheless by reason of his vicious Disposition and intolerable Cruelty he so far incensed both the Nobility and Commonalty that they conspired against him and slew him His Son Octavius married Margaret Natural Daughter to Charles V. Alexander de Medices Great Duke of Tuscany's Widow and of this Match Alexander de Farnese Prince of Parma was born a Prince worthy the noblest Character and hardly to be equall'd by the greatest Men of that Age. He married Mary of Portugal by whom he had Rainulius I. Duke of Parma and Placentia and Odoardus I. who became a Cardinal The first of these begat 1. Alexander the Dumb who by reason of that Imperfection was unfit to Govern And 2. Odoardus II. who succeeded his Father and died 1646. § II. This Odoardus II. had four Children that survived him the eldest of which was Ratnulius II. the present Duke of Parma and Placentia who on Apr. 29. 1660. married Margaret Joland Daughter to Victor Amadeus Duke of Savoy but she died in 1663. After