having beene some few dayes I went towards the Court and by the way chanced in an Inne to meete an English Knight The next day both of us taking Horse we did ride together one dayes journey and in our way discoursing of many things at last I enquired whether in the last voyage into Ireland he had accompanied the King He told me he did Then I demanded of him whether those things reported of Saint Patricks Cave were true Hee answering seemed to confirme all that others had reported of it and that he with another English knight while they stayd some dayes in Dublin went to see it where they were both shut up for a whole night I asked him if hee did see any strange thing or spectar there Hee replyed When I with my Companion had entred the dore of the Cave which they commonly call aint Patricks Purgatory and descending three or foure steps so great and suddaine an heate we found in our heads that we were enforced to lay us downe on the stone stayres where sitting a great drowsinesse tooke us so that we slept all the night I enquired whether being in sleepe they did know where they were and what visions they saw Hee answered that he saw in his sleepe many phantasies and sights and many other things which as it seemed to him are not wont to be seen by him lying in his bed All this he affirmed to be true but when as earely in the morning the dore was opened and wee were come out immediately all these fearefull things seene in our sleepe were quite forgotten Thus he so that 244. yeares since we finde none of those reports of going into I know not what places within this Cave and tumbling in fire and water and thousands of dangers But for helping this one biddeth us not to looke so low but rather to Saint Patricks time for these things Such as in our memory goe into this place faith hee are sensible of no terrour unlesse it may bee they might be surprised with a sound sleepe But in the first planting of Religion at which time Miracles are for the most part most frequent it seemeth to me likely that there used to appeare to those penitents many strange and terrible sights It is but likely you see that it might be so in the first age of it and if then it were so and that that time might require that miracle for setling Christianitie yet is it not now requisite so that whatsoever it was in Saint Patricks time it is confessed that now no newes are to be found of Fire Water and such grievous Torments as wee are borne in hand to bee true for the purging of those that goe into this Purgatory which if now vanished how then are the pilgrims purged And if they be not purged why are they deluded as if they were Why is this then called a Purgatory unlesse it bee as Campian telleth us That because devout men have resorted thither for penance and reported at their returne strange visions of paine and blisse and therefore they call it Purgatory As if visions of joy and blisse of torment and paine may be said to purge So that now to shut up this first part of this discourse we have seene how into nothing this Purgatory is now shruncke and shriveled up although esteemed vener able for the Author Saint Patricke and religiously respected for it selfe as being a Purgatory But no Saint Patricke can wee finde to father it And for the Name of a Purgatory we see it turned to smoake if we may say there is so much as smoake where no Fire is for so is it heere Therefore no purging therefore no Purgatory Yet notwithstanding all which wonderfull it is to consider how much this fiction for so wee may now be bold to call it hath prevayled that the whole world almost should bee so bewitched as to bee deluded by so grosse an Imposture and amazedly to runne as it were Hoodwinked after it so farre as it did and how farre it did so is that which in the following Chapter I purpose to discover CAP. II. The progresse and flourishing estate of Saint Patrick's Purgatory in the esteeme it had at home and abroad Whereof some probable Conjectures Some Pilgrimages thither set downe Together with an examination of the Truth of them IN the former Chapter we laboured to finde out the beginning and Originall of that place commonly called Saint Patricks Purgatory of which wee could finde no footesteps for for many ages together and howsoever it slept for 700. yeares that is to say from the yeare 4 2. if wee begin it with Saint Patricke to the yeare 1140. about which time wee first read of it in Henry of Saltry from thence forward notwithstanding it did so strangely rise by degrees that all places were full of it and that also so suddainely that The fame of that place did seeme to fly over all the parts of Europe saith Thyraeus and as readily did all parts of Europe fly hither unto it This Cave being of old with the greatest devotion frequented by strangers of forraine Nations saith another Neither is it so much to bee admired that strangers and such as were further off should thus be deluded they trusting to the relations of others herein But that they who lived nearest to it even in the same kingdome should not be able in so long a time to discover the fraud and finde out the imposture it is to me a thing of all others most admirable whereas on the contrary we finde it countenanced with the greatest Testimonies of credit that eyther our Church or Common-weale could afford it and that for some hundreds of yeares after the first rising thereof For if a Man would search into the Recordes of England hee might finde testimonials of this nature I will instance in one which wee meete in the raigne of Edward the third the Tenour whereof is as followeth The King unto all and singular to whom these Our Letters shall come sendeth Greeting Maletesta Ungarus which I doe rather thinke to bee his Sirname than that hee was an Hungarian both in respect of his Name and the place Ariminum both being in Italy hee being A noble gentleman and Knight of Ariminum Comming to our presence declared to us that hee having left his owne Countrey had with much labour gone in pilgrimage into Saint Patricks Purgatory in our land of Ireland And that he continued there shut up as the Custome iâ— one whole day and night together Earnestly beseeching us that for the Confirmation of the truth of the premisses wee would be pleased to afford him these our Princely Letters Wee therefore taking into our Consideration the dangers and hazards in that his pilgrimage and howsoever the report of so noble a man might be to us sufficient yet are we further informed thereof by Letters from our Right trustie and welbeloved Almaricke of Saint Amand Knight our Iustice
of Ireland and from the Pryor and Convent of the said Purgatory with others of great credit As also by other cleere evidences that the said Nobleman hath duly and couragiously performed that his pilgrimage we have therefore thought sit favourably to give unto him Our Royall testimonie concerning the same And to the end there may be no question made of the premisses and that the Truth of them may more clearely appeare unto all men We have thought good to grant unto him these our Letters sealed with our Royall Seale Given at our Pallace at Westminster the 24. day of October Like Letters and of the same Date hath Nicholas of Ferrara a Lumbard See here to what an height from so obscure a beginning it is now risen not onely visited from all parts but also Tested in so high and eminent a manner and that as you have heard done with so great deliberation and advice as a matter of the greatest consequence Yet how farre the Teste runneth you see that it is but onely of The due performance of the pilgrimage And here it is to be observed that in the times of Edward the third of England the Esteeme of this Purgatory was at the height after it had been rising thereunto 186. years for so long it is betweene Henry of Saltry anno 1140. and Edward the third anno 1326. And within the compasse of this Kings Raigne wee shall finde much more noyse of it and pressing to it even from farre then eyther before or after as that of Ramon the Spanish Viscount Anno 1328. if wee beleeve the date in the beginning of his Raigne of whom wee shall hereafter have occasion more largely to discourse together with that following being 37. yeares after Yet in the said Kings raigne also That I meane which wee finde Recorded in the Registrie of Ardmagh sent unto me by the now most learned Primāte for the furthering of this worke being Letters recommendatory from Milo Archbishop of Ardmagh in the yeare 1365. on the behalfe of certaine Pilgrims The words are these Milo by divine permission Archbishop of Ardmagh Primate of Ireland to the religious and prudent man the Pryor of Saint Patricks Purgatory in Loghderg within the Diocesse of Clogher And to all others the Cleargie and Laitie within the Province of Ardmagh everlasting health in the Lord. Iohn Bonham and Guidas Cissi comming to us have related that they have for devotions sake gone in pilgrimage and visited many holy places and that they are desirous for the health of their Soules to see the place called the purgatory of Saint Patricke our Patron which is in the Diocesse of Clogher aforesaid Wee doe therefore entreat and exhort in the Lord all and every by whom these strangers shall passe that you would entertayne and receive them courteously And that of the goods which God hath bestowed upon you you would afford them some charitable helpe not suffering asmuch as in you lyeth any molestation or disturbance to bee given them By which meanes we doubt not but that you shall be partakers of that their devout labours Dated in the Citie of Downe the fifteenth day of March in the yeare of our Lord one thousand three hundred sixty and five And of our Consecration the fift It were easie to exceed in testimonies of this kinde yet will I adde onely One more being 120. yeares after This in the yeare 1485. about the beginning of the Reigne of Henry the seventh King of England That it may be seene how long it held up in that great esteeme These are Letters Testimoniall of Octavianus Archbishop of Ardmagh given to certaine French Pilgrims Unto all the Children of our mother the Church to whom these our letters Testimoniall shall come Octavianus by the grace of God and of the See Apostolike Archbishop of Ardmagh Primate of all Ireland wisheth everlasting salvation in the Lord wishing you would without question credit what followeth Seeing it is an holy and meritorius thing to give your Testimonie unto the Truth chiefly seeing our Saviour Christ the Sonne of God came downe from heaven into this world to beare witnesse of the truth Hence it is that by these presents we make knowne unto you that Iohn Garhi and Francis Proly of the Citie of Lyons Priests and Iohn Burgesse their boy and servant the bearers hereof Men of good repute and piously affected did visit the Purgatory of the holy Confessor Saint Patricke the Apostle of Ireland within which the sinnes of offenders are even in this world purged And the mountaine in which the said holy Confessor did fast without Temporall meate forty dayes and fortie nights together with other holy places of devotion and things of greatest observation in Ireland And that afflicting their bodies in fasting and prayer according to the Ceremonies of that place they did for acertaine time remaine in that Purgatory as it cleerely appeareth to us And that by the power of CHRIST our redeemer they did contemplatively encounter all the fraudes and fantasticall temptations of the Devill devoutly so finishing their pilgrimage and desiring the merits and prayers of the said Saint to the most High whom by these presents we receive into the protection of us our Church of Ardmagh and of the said holy Confessor whose manners life and perfection we doe recommend unto you all of which wee are confident having two yeares conversed with them Which few among infinite others will sufficiently declare the wonderfull rising and as strange continuance of this purgatory that from the times of Henry of Saltry that I may not with others rise higher untill this of Octavianus Ann. 1485. that is for 345. years For after this did it begin to Decline againe For we finde it solemnely demolished within twelue yeares after in the yeare 1497. during the Reigne of the said King Henry the seuenth of which in its due place Yet if what hath beene said seeme strange unto any that eyther so obscure a thing should so befoole the world into so great an admiration of it or that so generall a delusion and of so long continuance should on so small or no grounds be mantayned let him consider the slavish feare into which by the Popish Doctrine of purgatory the world had bin brought with feare whereof many have all their lives long been held in bondage being told that all the sorrowes in this life labours want banishments prisons shame miseries calamities wounds nay death it selfe are nothing to the paines of purgatory All which with how great cost men seeke to redeeme is not unknowne Hence those Masses and prayers for the soules departed that they might bee eased if not delivered of those paines Hence those large Legacies both of Lands and Annuities bestowed for the continuance of that charitable worke But the hazards are great and much uncertaintie is there in this course And first for the Rich and the most bountifull in this kinde it may happen that the care
Viscount to that Purgatory to be purged with him But this is not all For secondly after the decease of Charles the fourth King of France there succeeded in the yeare 1328. Phillip of Valois to whom in England Edward the third was Contemporary this Edward began his Reigne anno 1326. two yeares before and dyed in the fifty first yeare of his Reigne To him succeeded Richard the second here spoken off And in a Parliament held anno 1385. which was the ninth year of Richards Reigne was Roger Mortimer Earle of March proclaimed Heire apparant to the Crowne Shortly after which this Roger sailed into Ireland where he was Deputy at which time this pilgrimage was said to be for from the French King he brought letters to Richard and from Richard to the Earle of March then Deputy But deducting two yeares from the fifty and one yeares of Edward the third the remaine is fortie nine to which adde nine yeares of Richards Reigne at which time the Earle of March was Deputy it maketh up fifty and eight yeares so that by this computation this Pilgrimage must have beene 58. yeares before this yeare of Richard and as many before the Earle of March for so long is there between the yeare 1328. 1386. The time of his being Deputy and how these things will hang together I see not Neither can this be supposed to be such a mistake as that the figures might be mis printed 1328. for 1386. for in the Margent of that Legend the figures are 1328. but in the body of the Discourse it is thus at large I did set forward in the yeare after the birth of our Lord One thousand three hundred twenty and eight And the same Author in another booke set out since relating the same story hath it in the same words at large In the yeare one thousand three hundred twenty and eight not in figures But it is yet more inconsistent For Richard King of England is said to be Sonne in Law to the then French King unto whom Letters recommendatory are brought by the Viscount from his Father in Law True it is that Richard was affianced unto Isabell daughter of Charles the sixt of France but that was so farre from being in the yeare One thousand three hundred twentie and eight that is was in the year one thousand three hundred ninty six that is sixty and eight years after Neither could it be when the Earle of March was Deputie of Ireland which was about the yeare One thousand three hundred eightie and five nine or ten yeares before so that either Richard was not Son in Law to the French King or the Earle of March was not Deputy when the Viscount came into Ireland Neither is it lesse absurd which is added That the Earle of March the Deputy having received the King and Queene of Englands letters did honourably receive him For what Letters could the Queen write shee was but seven years old when he was as I said affianced to Richard and not full twelve when by the Lord Henry Piercy she was brought backe into France after Richards death Neither could she write to the Earle of March being Deputy of Ireland unlesse we should suppose her to have written three or foure yeares before she was borne And as foolishly is the Earle of March made to be Richards brothers Sonne Richard having no Brother he being the sole surviving Sonne of Edward the black Prince And Roger Mortimer being the great grandchild of Edward the Third descended from Philip daughter of Lionell third sonne of Edward the Third which Lionell was brother to that Edward the black Prince and Uncle to Richard So that considering this Masse of absurdities from first to last any one I suppose may well guesse how false this Legend is and this Imposture may give just cause to suspect this and all others of the like Fables But I much wonder that the translator O Sullevan whose faculty was singular that way did not helpe out the matter better than he hath done but either he saw it not or if he did he thought it dangerous to stirre in it and to raise up any doubts supposing it might as well passe after as hitherto it had without discovery thinking it may be that none would so farre question it Neither could O Sullevan be so simple as to conceive such a childish dreame could passe without some observation therefore to prevent it he laboureth to cast a mist before his Readers eyes If this History saith he be in any thing which we have shewed in many things if not in all hard to be beleeved what then Let him that desireth to be satisfied reade Dionysius Carthusianus who reporteth like Histories of others who returned from this Purgatory But what are like Histories to this what if they be as false as this But Dionysius saith he doth prosecute the matter at large answering all Arguments and doubts that can be made against it This indeed is to some purpose if so it prove but I rather suspect this to be O Sullevans cunning to direct the Reader and take him off from prying too neare into that of the Viscount yet least we may seeme to prejudicate him let us heare what Dionysius doth say to this purpose First saith he Dionysius confirmeth this by the like Relations He indeed among other Histories proving that Soules departed are purged in such flames giveth us one of Tondall an Irish Knight who lived about Henry of Saltry's dayes He Balaeus speaking of that Henry flourished then when Tondall the Carthusian in Ireland being revived returned to his owne from Purgatory reporting visions calling him a Carthusian whom in others we reade a Knight it may be as Owen the Knight putting himselfe into the Cistercian Order so he into the Carthusians Neither were they farre distant from each other both Owen and Tondall being in K. Stevens dayes this last being about the twelfth yeare of his Reigne both which administred abundant matter for Henry to write The Legend of Tondall is this in effect that his Soule was separated from his bodie three dayes like that which we before did reade of Tymarchus whose Soule was sent on the like errand two dayes and one night In this differing from that of Owen whose body also went along This Soule of Tondall is by an Angell conducted into Purgatory where it saw many strange things among the rest a beast of incredible greatnesse which may easily be believed whose mouth seemed capable of nine thousand armed men just nine thousand within whom were many thousands of men and women grievously tormented this was a thing not observed by Owen the Knight or that our Viscount for this Purgatory is beholding to these great Titles of Viscounts and Knights for the upholding of the credit of it but to goe on This Soule of Tondall is brought to a place where over a lake there was a bridge two miles long and but one palme broad full
then a being as we are borne in hand so will it seeme much more impossible if the nature of the thing it selfe be looked into for had it been a thing obscure or of none account it would be the lesse wonder that it should be forgotten but being of all other things that which is of greatest note it could not be hid nor neglected nothing deserving to be more or so much remembred as this So O Sullevan writing of Ireland There doth yet remaine that which of all the memorable things of Ireland is most memorable of which I should have spoken in the first place and that is S. Patricks Purgatory saith he Peter Lumbard also the late popish Primate of Armagh writing of the places in Ireland of greatest note doth above all the rest extoll this Purgatory Of all of them the most famous and most holy is that which is called the place of S. Patricks Purgatory and if so it were in those dayes esteemed it ought not it could not be forgotten as it was by all the writers of these former ages Neither will it serve to say that this Purgatory was then in the Infancy therof and not well known or frequented so as much notice to be taken of it at the least so much as in after times for to passe by what before I touched considering it was supposed to be obtained by Patrick from God for the Conversion of the whole Nation and that it did worke that effect by which all must have taken speciall notice of it we shall further find these men to conclude that even in S. Patricks owne time also pilgrimages were very frequent thither for so O Sullevan While S. Patrick lived many went into that Purgatory for the purging of their sinnes whereof some who were doubtfull never returned but they who were armed with a firme and unmoved faith being returned reported that they had seen Hell and endured great Torments that also they had seen great felicity and rest Many saith he went in even in S. Patricks time They flocked thither by troopes saith another by whom many miracles were related of which some are recorded in the Monuments of Antiquity but where are these Monuments The Revelations of men that went in S. Patrick yet living are kept within the said Abby saith the third but yet let the producing of them be pressed and no such can be found such and more than enough of such may be easily found of a late stampe but farre short of S. Patrick or many ages after To come then to the time of the first discoverie that we reade of it the first newes we heare of it was in the age of Steven King of England and that by that Henry of Saltry whom we have before named who flourished about the yeare 1140. many even seven ages after S. Patricks conversion of this Kingdome which was about the yeare of our Lord 432. before which Henry and he also a stranger to the Kingdome and so taking it onely on hearesay we finde not any footsteps of it any where and with him doth Roth one that hath swet in this matter beginne as at the head To our testiâ—…ies at home saith he late ones all as may appeare We have assenting the suffrages of Stangers as of Henry of Saltry and Matthew Paris in that vision of Owen the Knight where we finde two Authors reporting one and the same history it being the first we finde commonly called the History of the Knight these Two againe we must reduce to One The one of these writers borrowing from the other Matthew Paris being also a stranger who lived about the yeare 1245. relating what he doth out of that Henry after whom he lived more than 100. yeares and after Iocelin 60. yeares a long time especially in superstitious times for such a Relation to take head and possible it is considering the times to find many reporters and such also as might be more readie to help it forward by adding to it for the best advantage of which kinde we finde to be in the first place these two first Henry and Matthew as may appeare by the circumstances of the relation of the grounds I meane and inducements for our beleeving the thing of which in the next place without touching upon the passages of that Pilgrimage which well examined would afford abundant matter for its owne confutation but that I referre to the following Chapter The proceedings in Matthew and Henry are these in substance for the particulars were tedious That there was a certaine Knight by some called Egnus but of others and more commonly Oenus as in Matthew Paris whom herein I follow This Owen was borne in Ireland and followed Steven King of England in his Warres from whom returning into Ireland his native Countrey to visit his parents and after some time taking into a serious consideration the great disorders of his ungodly life past he doth apply himselfe by way of confession to an Irish Bishop I know not whether Florentianus bishop as I conceive of Clogher he who did labour so much with Salteriensis to worke in him a beliefe of this Purgatory of which after This Bishop whosoever he was being about to enjoyâ—e our delinquent his Penance is prevented by Owen of himselfe making choice of going into S. Patrick's Purgatory notwithstanding the earnest solicitation of the Bishop to the contrary but being resolved The Bishop dismisseth him with Letters to the Prior of that Purgatory by whom after fifteene dayes exercise and preparation he is admitted and shut up alone in the Cave After whose returne we have him the Author of a very strange relation the ground-work of all that followed in that kind as that through that Cave he did passe into many subterraneall spatious Rooms and Passages by which he is led into all the corners of that Generall Purgatory as it is called this againe guiding him into Hell it selfe these two supposed not to be farre distant over which by the benefit of a bridge he passeth into Paradise the same Paradise out of which our first Parents were cast from whence and all this in a few houres is he back againe at the entrance of the Cave In all which what incredible and portentous reports we meet shall be referred to its owne place to be revised and examined Our Pilgrim now returned goeth another Pilgrimage to Jerusalem and thence backe againe into England where hee doth certifie the King of his resolution of forsaking the World and wholly addicting himselfe to a Religious life At which time saith Matthew or Salteriensis rather whose discourse is verbatim in Matthew It happened that Gervasius Abbet of the Monastery of Luda obtayned leave from the King of England for to build an Abbey in Ireland and to that end hee sent a Monke called Gilbert to the King that he might have the grant of a place for the Abbey Gilbert comming to the King did complaine that
among the Schoolemen saith Maldonat the Iesuite 2. But in case this Sacrament reach not unto all then there remaineth a Purgatory after death appointed also by Christ saith these Fathers But where doe we finde it so appointed by Christ and if it were how commeth it to passe That in the Commentaries of the Greek Fathers we finde little or no mention of it for ought I know neither yet have all the Latines conceived the truth of it the beleeving of it not being so necessary for the Primitive Church as now it is saith Fisher Bishop of Rochester the esteeme of Indulgences wholly depending on Purgatory for there were no use of Indulgences if there were no use of Purgatory He proceedeth Considering therefore how that Purgatory was for a while unknowne and that some by degrees received it partly by Revelations and partly by Scripture and that it was so lately known and received by the whole Church c. But by his leave not by the whole Church for neither the Greeke nor all the Latines beleeve it as was before confessed and what ground in that kind it hath gotten was but of late dayes it neither being necessary nor known to the Primitive Fathers and yet with what confidence doe these learned Archbishops affirme that Christ himselfe appointed it 3. But they proceed We in Purgatory are either altogether freed or much eased by the Prayers of men living yet how that should be we know not For to this very day was it never determined by the Church how our Prayers could profit the dead as Cassander confesseth But as Purgatory brought in these Prayers so doe these Prayers uphold Purgatory The great profit whereof makeing it so necessary for these last times which the simplicity of these former ages could not dive into But now these three points are fully confirmed for true by these Archbishops And now is our Pilgrim returned into the dark Hall whereinto he first entred a journey if we consider it no lesse wonderfull than the rest in twenty and foure houres all on foot traversing more ground than can be wellâ— imagined going over many large fields the bounds o most whereof could not by the eye of man be discerned and passing to The extreamest part of the world It is said indeed that those malignant spirits did further him in his speed and needs must he then goe but if it be so in his going forward what shall be said for his comming backe for then none of them could so much as looke on him but fled at the sight of him So that his owne footmanship must performe it where also notwithstanding his swift going forward and the generall Torments he suffered and saw putting him besides himselfe yet is he so skilfull in the way that through all these darke and unknowne passages he came backe foot by foot the same way that he went Neither is his eye-sight any thing dazled or impaired by the transoendent light in Paradise surpassing the glory of the Sunne But entring into that spacious and dark hall of which before he could by the Twilight discerne those men whom hee had formerly met there distinguishing their number Twelve and their Actions signing him with the signe of the Crosse. Here also he met and knew his Companion the English Knight that went in with him who it seemeth went no further than that Hall being so tired out with labour and Torments that he could not returne without the Uiscounts helpe where what Torments he endured more than the other we heare not And if he were tormented he had the same remedy propounded to him that was to the Viscount the pronouncing of the blessed Name of IESUS by which he might be delivered of which it is supposed he did make use otherwise he could not be freed and if he did how came he to be so extraordinarily oppressed or rather whence was it that he did not utterly perish in not going forward that being the onely thing those spirits are said to labour to stop men in their journey by faire or foule meanes thereby to destroy them bodie and soule as in the former passages hath been at large described But why dally we thus with this Counterfeit whom it is now time to unmask and we shall fully discover the fraud by observing the circumstances of the time and persons when and with whom which here for the better colouring of the matter are very punctually described His owne relation is in substance this y When Charles the French King was dead this Viscount went to Iohn King of Aragon his Soveraigne by whom he was imployed with Command of three Gallyes for the assisting of Pope Clement and after the death of Clement he served his Successor Benedict the thirteenth during which time his king dying he with Benedicts benediction left Avignion going on in his pilgrimage to S. Patrickes Purgatory when Anno 1328. in what moneth September what day of that month on the feast of the blessed Virgin about what time of the day About the evening Can anything be more punctuall but behold further circumstances yet From Paris he goeth with the French Kings letters to his Sonne in Law Richard King of England by Richard he is sent into Ireland with other letters to the then Deputy the Earle of March Richards brothers Sonne and from him he goeth to the Lord Primate and then into this Purgatory What can be more precise We have the yeare month day almost the very houre The Places and Persons we know who could thinke the man meant before so many witnesses to play his Legerdemaine tricks like Iuglers who trusse up their sleeves before they begin their feates and all this but to avoid suspition now see him in his colours Know therefore first that in the year one thousand three hundred twenty and eight the time of this supposed pilgrimage Benedict the thirteenth was not Pope neither of a long time after But Iohn the 21. accounted also the 22. whom succeeded Benedict the tenth or the twelfth as he is also esteemed after him Clement the sixt Innocent the sixt Urban the fift Gregory the eleventh and Vrban the sixt with whom stood in Competition as Anti-pope Clement the seventh in the yeare 1389. whom followed in that Schisme this Benedict the 11. or the 13. in the yeare 1394. which two last are they who are here mentioned of which the last that is to say Benedict the thirteenth was before called Petrus de Luna and an Aragonoes a motive for the King of Aragon to be an assistant unto him whose subjects for the most part obeyed Benedict saith Plaitina so that as this pilgrimage was to be in the yeare 1328. and in Benedict the thirteenth his time Successor to Clement it is apparant that by that computation it should have been before Clement sixty and one yeares and before Benedict sixty six yeares An error so grosse that it had need to have gone with our