a_o treatise_n of_o the_o canker_n of_o england_n common_a wealth_n divide_v into_o three_o part_n wherein_o the_o author_n imitate_v the_o rule_n of_o good_a physician_n first_o declare_v the_o disease_n secondary_o show_v the_o efficient_a cause_n thereof_o last_o a_o remedy_n for_o the_o same_o by_o gerrard_n de_fw-fr malynes_n merchant_n sublata_fw-la causa_fw-la tollitur_fw-la effectus_fw-la imprint_v at_o london_n by_o richard_n field_n for_o william_n johnes_n printer_n dwell_v in_o red-crosse-streete_n in_o ship_n ally_n 1601._o the_o first_o part_n concern_v the_o disease_n of_o the_o english_a common_n wealth_n plato_n the_o philosopher_n perceive_v that_o equality_n will_v be_v the_o cause_n that_o every_o man_n shall_v have_v enough_o be_v of_o opinion_n and_o will_v all_o thing_n in_o a_o common_a wealth_n to_o be_v common_a who_o sir_n thomas_n moor_n in_o his_o utopian_a common_a weal_n seem_v to_o imitate_v to_o the_o end_n that_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o law_n 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commodity_n with_o his_o home_n commodity_n or_o in_o buy_v more_o than_o he_o sell_v for_o thereby_o his_o treasure_n and_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o realm_n do_v decrease_v and_o as_o it_o be_v his_o expense_n become_v great_a or_o do_v surmount_v his_o income_n or_o revenue_n this_o be_v the_o unknown_a disease_n of_o the_o politic_a body_n of_o our_o weal_n public_a before_o mention_v the_o efficient_a cause_n whereof_o must_v be_v find_v out_o before_o any_o remedy_n can_v be_v apply_v or_o devise_v sublata_fw-la causa_fw-la tollitur_fw-la effectus_fw-la say_v the_o philosopher_n which_o be_v graff_v in_o every_o man_n judgement_n that_o the_o cause_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v take_v away_o the_o effect_n be_v take_v away_o withal_o hereupon_o let_v we_o note_v that_o proper_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o realm_n can_v decrease_v but_o three_o manner_n of_o way_n which_o be_v by_o the_o transportation_n of_o ready_a money_n or_o bullion_n out_o of_o the_o same_o by_o sell_v our_o 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at_o one_o instant_a a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o will_v be_v find_v to_o want_v armour_n the_o like_a want_n of_o money_n and_o wealth_n shall_v we_o find_v if_o the_o matter_n be_v due_o examine_v yet_o for_o a_o instance_n let_v we_o consider_v how_o much_o the_o price_n of_o land_n be_v rise_v with_o we_o of_o late_a year_n even_o within_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n and_o that_o this_o their_o estimation_n or_o value_n be_v in_o regard_n of_o money_n or_o other_o thing_n mony-worth_n and_o compare_v the_o same_o thereunto_o and_o we_o shall_v very_o well_o perceive_v that_o we_o ought_v to_o balance_v the_o value_n of_o thing_n upon_o this_o beam_n lay_v the_o land_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o the_o money_n or_o thing_n mony-worth_n in_o value_n on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o find_v out_o this_o inequality_n aristotle_n say_v that_o riches_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o artificial_a the_o natural_a riches_n as_o land_n vine_n forest_n meadow_n and_o such_o like_a the_o 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our_o country_n with_o the_o fruitfulness_n and_o store_n of_o other_o country_n to_o the_o end_n that_o interchangeable_o one_o commonweal_n shall_v live_v with_o another_o first_o we_o find_v that_o when_o commodity_n begin_v much_o to_o abound_v in_o the_o world_n all_o manner_n of_o mettle_n as_o gold_n silver_n copper_n tin_n lead_v and_o iron_n grow_v into_o great_a estimation_n as_o be_v fit_a and_o more_o durable_a to_o preservation_n and_o so_o the_o pure_a and_o fine_a mettle_n most_o esteem_v at_o which_o time_n the_o riches_n of_o man_n be_v notwithstanding_o describe_v to_o consist_v of_o cattle_n commodity_n and_o other_o movable_n and_o there_o be_v a_o permutation_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v very_o cumbersome_a and_o do_v require_v much_o carriage_n of_o ware_n up_o and_o down_o and_o from_o one_o country_n into_o another_o by_o reason_n whereof_o money_n be_v devise_v to_o be_v coin_a of_o the_o fine_a and_o pure_a metal_n to_o be_v the_o rule_n or_o square_v whereby_o 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edward_n the_o four_o and_o then_o at_o forty_o penny_n until_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o and_o then_o at_o forty_o five_o penny_n until_o king_n edward_n the_o six_o and_o so_o until_o her_o majesty_n most_o happy_a reign_n at_o five_o shilling_n the_o say_a ounce_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n to_o the_o pound_n troy_n weight_n and_o twenty_o penny_n weight_n to_o every_o ounce_n and_o twenty_o four_o grain_n to_o every_o penny_n weight_n now_o as_o the_o fineness_n of_o silver_n be_v twelve_o ounce_n and_o every_o ounce_n also_o twenty_o penny_n weight_n in_o fineness_n and_o the_o fineness_n of_o gold_n be_v twenty_o four_o carat_n and_o every_o carat_n four_o grain_n likewise_o in_o fineness_n so_o all_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n do_v participate_v of_o this_o fineness_n according_a to_o their_o substance_n and_o the_o standard_n starling_n money_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v eleven_o ounce_n two_o
continual_o to_o rise_v beyond_o the_o sea_n cause_v the_o angel_n noble_a be_v the_o six_o part_n of_o a_o ounce_n and_o take_v for_o two_o ounce_n of_o silver_n to_o be_v value_v from_o six_o shilling_n eight_o penny_n unto_o seven_o shilling_n four_o penny_n and_o present_o after_o unto_o seven_o shilling_n six_o penny_n whereby_o every_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v worth_a forty_o five_o penny_n and_o yet_o there_o be_v nothing_o effect_v thereby_o the_o money_n still_o alter_v beyond_o the_o sea_n whereupon_o cardinal_n wolsey_n have_v a_o patent_n grant_v he_o by_o the_o king_n to_o alter_v the_o valuation_n of_o money_n from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o he_o shall_v see_v cause_n afterward_o the_o say_a king_n in_o the_o two_o &_o twenty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n perceive_v that_o diverse_a nation_n bring_v abundance_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n into_o his_o realm_n and_o receive_v therefore_o ready_a money_n which_o money_n they_o ever_o deliver_v to_o other_o merchant_n by_o exchange_n and_o never_o employ_v the_o same_o on_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n whereby_o his_o majesty_n be_v hinder_v in_o his_o custom_n and_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v not_o utter_v to_o the_o great_a hindrance_n of_o his_o subject_n as_o it_o be_v there_o allege_v his_o majesty_n cause_v a_o proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o a_o old_a statute_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o that_o no_o person_n shall_v make_v any_o exchange_n contrary_a to_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o same_o act_n and_o statute_n upon_o pain_n to_o be_v take_v the_o king_n mortal_a enemy_n and_o to_o forfeit_v all_o that_o he_o may_v forfeit_v which_o take_v effect_v but_o for_o a_o short_a time_n and_o no_o other_o be_v to_o be_v expect_v it_o not_o be_v of_o that_o moment_n nor_o the_o principal_a cause_n as_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v declare_v after_o all_o this_o follow_v the_o embase_v of_o money_n and_o what_o happen_v then_o we_o have_v already_o declare_v so_o much_o as_o be_v think_v convenient_a all_o which_o notwithstanding_o and_o as_o it_o be_v in_o derogation_n of_o the_o credit_n of_o experience_n yet_o some_o man_n will_v attribute_v the_o cause_n of_o transportation_n to_o the_o fineness_n or_o under_o valuation_n of_o our_o money_n and_o will_v have_v our_o money_n enhance_v in_o price_n or_o embace_v by_o allay_n without_o that_o they_o have_v any_o consideration_n that_o in_o some_o sort_n our_o exchange_n shall_v be_v make_v according_o and_o that_o the_o matter_n will_v remain_v still_o in_o substance_n although_o it_o be_v alter_v in_o name_n whereof_o the_o base_a money_n daily_o export_v out_o of_o france_n and_o the_o inhance_a of_o money_n in_o turkey_n and_o barbary_n do_v give_v we_o a_o instance_n and_o it_o follow_v that_o neither_o difference_n of_o weight_n fineness_n of_o standard_n proportion_n between_o the_o money_n or_o valuation_n thereof_o can_v be_v any_o true_a cause_n of_o exportation_n of_o our_o money_n so_o long_o as_o a_o due_a course_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o exchange_n which_o be_v found_v thereupon_o as_o before_o have_v be_v show_v have_v find_v out_o the_o efficient_a cause_n the_o remedy_n be_v easy_a and_o most_o common_o great_a matter_n be_v cure_v by_o easy_a remedy_n and_o by_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v every_o man_n of_o judgement_n may_v easy_o gather_v that_o the_o exchange_n for_o all_o place_n ought_v to_o be_v keep_v at_o a_o certainty_n in_o price_n according_a to_o value_v for_o value_n and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o our_o money_n and_o the_o toleration_n of_o the_o price_n of_o the_o money_n in_o each_o country_n where_o we_o find_v that_o a_o certain_a proportion_n be_v observe_v from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o which_o end_n there_o must_v be_v a_o vigilant_a eye_n for_o the_o observation_n thereof_o upon_o all_o alteration_n and_o to_o make_v our_o price_n of_o exchange_n according_o both_o for_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n either_o in_o advance_v our_o gold_n and_o make_v the_o porportion_n to_o be_v between_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n 12._o to_o 1._o or_o else_o make_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n according_a to_o the_o gold_n if_o we_o do_v make_v our_o gold_n to_o be_v worth_a twelve_o of_o silver_n as_o be_v use_v in_o most_o place_n then_o must_v our_o angel_n and_o other_o gold_n be_v call_v in_o if_o so_o be_v that_o we_o will_v not_o think_v convenient_a that_o the_o weight_n and_o price_n shall_v be_v alter_v and_o new_a angel_n may_v be_v coin_a of_o crown_n gold_n hold_v still_o their_o price_n and_o weight_n or_o else_o if_o we_o will_v alter_v the_o valuation_n than_o our_o angel_n shall_v be_v at_o ten_o shilling_n ten_o penny_n and_o the_o french_a crown_n six_o shilling_n six_o penny_n for_o there_o be_v as_o much_o difference_n between_o the_o proportion_n of_o eleven_o to_o one_o and_o twelve_o to_o one_o as_o there_o be_v difference_n in_o the_o price_n of_o angel_n gold_n and_o crown_n gold_n but_o alter_v neither_o of_o these_o the_o exchange_n may_v qualify_v the_o same_o the_o rather_o because_o that_o for_o place_n where_o we_o have_v no_o ordinary_a exchange_n our_o gold_n and_o silver_n money_n be_v transport_v in_o nature_n of_o bullion_n especial_o the_o silver_n be_v more_o worth_a in_o some_o mint_n beyond_o the_o sea_n then_o by_o valuation_n as_o we_o have_v note_v before_o for_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n at_o a_o certainty_n according_a to_o value_v for_o value_n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n whereas_o these_o exchange_n be_v most_o common_o make_v by_o certain_a person_n swear_v to_o deal_v honest_o between_o party_n and_o party_n common_o call_v broker_n that_o every_o merchant_n exchange_v shall_v be_v bind_v upon_o a_o penalty_n not_o to_o make_v any_o exchange_n without_o they_o and_o according_a to_o their_o direction_n to_o which_o end_n they_o shall_v have_v a_o certain_a prescription_n specify_v in_o a_o pair_n of_o table_n how_o to_o make_v these_o exchange_n and_o shall_v become_v bind_v with_o surety_n to_o make_v they_o according_o in_o the_o course_n whereof_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o other_o difference_n between_o the_o deliverer_n and_o taker_n up_o of_o money_n but_o after_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o year_n and_o to_o make_v they_o payable_a at_o some_o short_a time_n to_o cut_v off_o the_o merchandize_v of_o the_o same_o both_o here_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n other_o that_o do_v not_o like_a to_o enter_v into_o bond_n do_v allow_v of_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o that_o do_v affirm_v the_o same_o will_v be_v more_o exact_o do_v by_o certain_a skilful_a and_o substantial_a man_n thereunto_o authorise_v by_o her_o most_o excellent_a majesty_n to_o be_v the_o general_a exchanger_n with_o who_o all_o man_n shall_v be_v command_v to_o make_v their_o exchange_n here_o in_o england_n and_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n our_o merchant_n only_o in_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o traffic_n beyond_o the_o sea_n with_o these_o exchanger_n deputy_n also_o in_o manner_n aforesaid_a wherein_o will_v be_v little_a restraint_n for_o he_o that_o will_v not_o deliver_v his_o money_n here_o by_o exchange_n may_v if_o he_o will_v employ_v the_o same_o upon_o our_o commodity_n and_o rather_o than_o to_o transport_v any_o in_o specie_fw-la he_o will_v deliver_v it_o by_o exchange_n when_o upon_o a_o simple_a bill_n he_o may_v have_v as_o much_o give_v he_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o exchange_n as_o the_o same_o will_v yield_v he_o beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v carry_v in_o specie_fw-la with_o great_a adventure_n and_o in_o danger_n of_o the_o loss_n with_o treble_a the_o value_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n on_o the_o contrary_a he_o that_o will_v not_o deliver_v his_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n by_o exchange_n he_o may_v bring_v over_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v at_o a_o reasonable_a rate_n or_o else_o the_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la provide_v always_o that_o in_o bring_v money_n there_o be_v no_o permission_n any_o other_o to_o be_v currant_n but_o such_o as_o be_v already_o proclaim_v and_o all_o other_o to_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o mint_n or_o to_o these_o exchanger_n deputy_n which_o shall_v give_v present_o other_o ready_a money_n for_o it_o according_a to_o the_o statute_n 20._o e._n 3._o whereby_o of_o course_n also_o that_o may_v be_v effect_v which_o heretofore_o be_v command_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 8._o h._n 5._o 2._o whereby_o the_o stapler_n be_v to_o bring_v a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o return_n of_o their_o woolle_n in_o bullion_n the_o most_o noble_a king_n of_o this_o realm_n edward_n the_o three_o richard_n the_o second_o henry_n the_o four_o henry_n the_o five_o henry_n the_o six_o and_o especial_o henry_n the_o seven_o make_v most_o noble_a statute_n against_o the_o abuse_n
money_n to_o be_v make_v over_o by_o exchange_n and_o they_o may_v then_o altogether_o seek_v the_o gain_n upon_o their_o home_n commodity_n sell_v they_o with_o more_o reputation_n when_o young_a merchant_n have_v small_a stock_n and_o run_v for_o money_n upon_o the_o exchange_n shall_v not_o through_o their_o rash_a sale_n abate_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n especial_o when_o more_o money_n shall_v be_v have_v at_o interest_n the_o merchandize_v exchange_n cease_v whereby_o young_a merchant_n may_v be_v supply_v in_o their_o need_n or_o occasion_n and_o with_o small_a stock_n and_o less_o adventure_n have_v great_a gain_n for_o the_o canker_n of_o this_o exchange_n shall_v not_o consume_v they_o as_o it_o have_v do_v many_o of_o they_o and_o other_o and_o that_o unaware_o for_o the_o same_o be_v like_a unto_o the_o serpent_n aspis_n which_o sting_v man_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o they_o fall_v into_o a_o pleasant_a sleep_n until_o they_o die_v if_o any_o man_n shall_v make_v doubt_n of_o the_o execution_n hereof_o let_v he_o but_o have_v a_o due_a consideration_n of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o right_a exchange_n both_o here_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o he_o will_v wonder_v that_o so_o great_a matter_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o pass_v by_o so_o easy_a mean_n especial_o whereas_o it_o may_v be_v think_v difficult_a in_o regard_n of_o other_o nation_n first_o the_o gain_n have_v upon_o the_o money_n deliver_v by_o exchange_n here_o in_o england_n either_o real_o or_o imaginative_o be_v take_v away_o will_v cause_v the_o merchandize_v thereof_o to_o cease_v we_o call_v that_o real_o when_o in_o specie_fw-la the_o money_n be_v pay_v and_o imaginative_o when_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o general_a want_n of_o money_n it_o be_v in_o effect_n but_o pay_v as_o it_o be_v by_o assignation_n and_o then_o all_o such_o merchant_n either_o stranger_n or_o native_a subject_n which_o deliver_v their_o money_n by_o exchange_n for_o gain_n shall_z all_o deliver_v the_o 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be_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o realm_n for_o they_o will_v sell_v their_o commodity_n according_o upon_o this_o occasion_n and_o if_o they_o do_v deliver_v it_o at_o a_o low_a rate_n under_o our_o exchanger_n price_n the_o matter_n can_v be_v great_a for_o those_o also_o which_o be_v the_o taker_n thereof_o will_v rather_o take_v it_o of_o our_o exchanger_n deputy_n at_o a_o better_a rate_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o their_o friend_n or_o factor_n dwell_v in_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o traffic_n where_o our_o merchant_n shall_v deliver_v their_o money_n to_o the_o exchanger_n deputy_n even_o as_o merchant_n stranger_n shall_v do_v here_o in_o england_n and_o the_o merchandize_v exchange_n which_o cause_v one_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o be_v exchange_v for_o the_o most_o place_n 6._o time_n in_o a_o year_n be_v take_v away_o the_o ordinary_a exchange_n be_v not_o of_o any_o such_o moment_n that_o we_o shall_v doubt_v of_o the_o sufficiency_n of_o such_o substantial_a man_n as_o may_v execute_v the_o same_o consider_v also_o that_o they_o shall_v serve_v every_o man_n turn_n that_o will_v take_v up_o money_n by_o exchange_n here_o of_o they_o and_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o constraint_n for_o any_o man_n to_o deliver_v his_o money_n here_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n but_o may_v employ_v the_o same_o upon_o commodity_n at_o his_o pleasure_n last_o let_v we_o answer_v to_o some_o objection_n notwithstanding_o that_o the_o due_a consideration_n of_o the_o premise_n and_o the_o weightiness_n of_o the_o matter_n may_v satisfy_v us._n to_o the_o general_a objection_n that_o sell_v our_o commodity_n dear_a will_v be_v a_o interruption_n to_o the_o traffic_n we_o have_v already_o show_v how_o necessary_a our_o commodity_n be_v &_o what_o request_n thereof_o be_v in_o all_o place_n so_o that_o such_o controversy_n as_o sometime_o arise_v be_v always_o qualify_v or_o end_v by_o the_o procurement_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n themselves_o as_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o nine_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 7._o upon_o a_o contention_n betwixt_o the_o say_a king_n and_o the_o king_n of_o roman_n and_o a_o displeasure_n take_v against_o the_o fleming_n and_o especial_o against_o the_o lady_n margaret_n duchess_n of_o burgundy_n and_o sister_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o in_o cause_v to_o be_v banish_v out_o of_o his_o dominion_n all_o flemish_a ware_n and_o merchandize_n and_o restrain_v all_o english_a merchant_n from_o repair_v &_o traffic_v into_o any_o of_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o king_n of_o roman_n or_o the_o archduke_n his_o son_n &_o the_o mart_n to_o be_v keep_v at_o calis_n for_o wool_n and_o cloth_n whereupon_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o archduke_n banish_v all_o english_a commodity_n out_o of_o their_o dominion_n which_o continue_v almost_o three_o year_n until_o the_o archduke_n send_v ambassador_n unto_o the_o king_n to_o conclude_v a_o peace_n and_o therewithal_o be_v the_o contract_n of_o intercourse_n also_o conclude_v betwixt_o the_o say_a king_n and_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o burgundy_n the_o like_a example_n we_o have_v more_o again_o that_o young_a merchant_n or_o other_o shall_v not_o have_v so_o much_o credit_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o exchanger_n as_o they_o have_v now_o at_o diverse_a man_n hand_n and_o that_o therefore_o it_o be_v better_a to_o enter_v into_o bond_n as_o aforesaid_a which_o will_v be_v due_o observe_v because_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n shall_v bear_v witness_n against_a they_o let_v we_o consider_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o have_v such_o great_a occasion_n to_o take_v up_o money_n when_o money_n shall_v be_v plentiful_o here_o deliver_v at_o interest_n which_o be_v now_o deliver_v by_o exchange_n whereas_o also_o they_o may_v bring_v over_o money_n for_o their_o return_n when_o they_o see_v cause_n and_o the_o exchanger_n receive_v here_o much_o money_n at_o the_o merchant_n stranger_a hand_n by_o exchange_n will_v be_v glad_a to_o 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time_n upon_o all_o occasion_n the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a low_a province_n have_v make_v it_o felony_n by_o the_o law_n and_o devise_v all_o the_o course_n and_o mean_n to_o effect_v the_o same_o can_v never_o do_v it_o albeit_o that_o in_o anno_fw-la 1594._o they_o keep_v their_o mint_n without_o work_n for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o fear_fw-mi and_o more_o for_o they_o be_v not_o only_o interrupt_v by_o the_o several_a mint_n of_o other_o prince_n adjoin_v unto_o their_o country_n but_o also_o for_o not_o have_v so_o absolute_a a_o government_n the_o body_n thereof_o be_v compound_v of_o equal_a part_n every_o one_o claim_v as_o absolute_a power_n as_o the_o other_o howbeit_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o general_o by_o they_o all_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o proportion_n keep_v both_o between_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o in_o the_o valuation_n of_o they_o neither_o be_v it_o convenient_a for_o the_o state_n to_o cry_v down_o their_o money_n while_o the_o 17._o low_a 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restore_v to_o her_o former_a purity_n and_o fineness_n and_o so_o will_v it_o be_v to_o small_a purpose_n if_o according_a to_o some_o man_n opinion_n that_o will_v have_v thing_n good_a cheap_a as_o heretofore_o the_o valuation_n of_o anounce_v of_o silver_n be_v reduce_v again_o at_o 20._o penny_n for_o let_v we_o consider_v how_o all_o these_o thing_n have_v drive_v one_o another_o as_o in_o a_o press_n go_v in_o at_o a_o straight_a &_o examine_v they_o by_o a_o retrogradation_n if_o we_o require_v gentleman_n to_o abate_v their_o rent_n give_v over_o farm_n &_o break_v up_o enclosure_n it_o may_v be_v they_o will_v do_v so_o if_o they_o may_v have_v all_o their_o provision_n at_o the_o price_n heretofore_o whereunto_o the_o farmer_n &_o tenant_n as_o i_o suppose_v will_v easy_o condescend_v if_o they_o may_v have_v all_o thing_n else_o at_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n hand_n or_o other_o at_o the_o same_o rate_n as_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o have_v heretofore_o and_o the_o merchant_n may_v say_v again_o that_o he_o will_v sell_v his_o ware_n as_o he_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v if_o he_o may_v have_v the_o like_a money_n answerable_a in_o value_n and_o fineness_n as_o he_o be_v wont_a to_o have_v heretofore_o and_o that_o with_o great_a reason_n see_v that_o permutation_n of_o commodity_n do_v cease_v with_o we_o and_o that_o money_n be_v now_o to_o measure_n or_o value_v thing_n and_o that_o the_o same_o must_v have_v his_o value_n according_a to_o weight_n and_o fineness_n as_o may_v go_v currant_n in_o most_o place_n now_o the_o money_n be_v reduce_v to_o her_o former_a purity_n and_o fineness_n have_v not_o that_o effect_n because_o the_o valuation_n be_v alter_v and_o advance_v to_o sixty_o penny_n which_o if_o it_o have_v be_v abate_v to_o twenty_o penny_n will_v only_o have_v alter_v the_o price_n of_o thing_n by_o denomination_n and_o not_o in_o effect_n so_o long_o as_o we_o give_v still_o the_o quantity_n in_o weight_n and_o goodness_n in_o 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consideration_n of_o all_o which_o will_v make_v we_o to_o imitate_v the_o custom_n of_o good_a citizen_n which_o see_v their_o city_n on_o fire_n lose_v no_o time_n to_o inquire_v how_o and_o when_o the_o fire_n begin_v but_o endeavour_n themselves_o with_o engine_n bucket_n of_o water_n and_o other_o necessary_n to_o quench_v the_o flame_n thereof_o wherefore_o let_v we_o without_o lose_v any_o more_o time_n run_v to_o the_o remedy_n follow_v the_o three_o part_n a_o remedy_n against_o the_o canker_n of_o england_n common_a wealth_n by_o that_o which_o have_v be_v declare_v we_o see_v how_o one_o thing_n drive_v or_o enforce_v another_o like_v as_o in_o a_o clock_n where_o there_o be_v many_o wheel_n the_o first_o wheel_n be_v stir_v drive_v the_o next_o and_o that_o the_o three_o and_o so_o forth_o till_o the_o last_o that_o move_v the_o instrument_n that_o strike_v the_o the_o clock_n or_o like_v as_o in_o a_o press_n go_v in_o at_o a_o straight_a as_o we_o have_v say_v where_o the_o foremost_a be_v drive_v by_o he_o that_o be_v next_o he_o and_o the_o next_o by_o he_o that_o follow_v he_o and_o the_o three_o by_o some_o violent_a and_o strong_a thing_n that_o drive_v he_o forward_o which_o be_v the_o first_o and_o principal_a cause_n of_o put_v forward_o all_o the_o rest_n afore_o he_o if_o we_o be_v keep_v back_o and_o stay_v all_o they_o that_o go_v afore_o will_v stay_v withal_o this_o be_v therefore_o call_v causa_fw-la efficiens_fw-la which_o not_o be_v right_o discern_v from_o the_o mean_a cause_n make_v that_o many_o man_n be_v never_o the_o near_o to_o remedy_v the_o thing_n they_o go_v about_o the_o chronicle_n do_v record_n that_o to_o prevent_v the_o transportation_n of_o money_n king_n henry_n the_o eight_o like_o a_o politic_a prince_n in_o the_o eighteen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n perceive_v the_o price_n of_o money_n
of_o exchange_n and_o for_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o custom_n and_o then_o the_o right_a exchange_n as_o doctor_n wilson_n say_v be_v only_o use_v by_o the_o king_n or_o his_o exchanger_n albeit_o there_o be_v not_o any_o such_o urgent_a cause_n so_o that_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n bring_v his_o ware_n into_o the_o realm_n do_v first_o pay_v his_o custom_n and_o have_v make_v sale_n of_o his_o commodity_n and_o employ_v the_o money_n that_o he_o receive_v here_o upon_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n 14._o r._n 2._o and_o so_o pay_v custom_n again_o depart_v home_o to_o his_o country_n without_o carry_v any_o money_n at_o all_o by_o exchange_n for_o if_o there_o be_v not_o sufficient_a commodity_n here_o in_o ware_n he_o make_v his_o exchange_n then_o with_o the_o king_n exchanger_n and_o none_o other_o so_o that_o it_o be_v know_v unto_o the_o exchanger_n what_o exchange_n he_o make_v and_o upon_o what_o cause_n but_o if_o this_o matter_n be_v now_o a_o day_n due_o consider_v of_o it_o will_v not_o be_v find_v of_o such_o importance_n as_o it_o be_v take_v to_o be_v neither_o for_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o advancement_n of_o the_o sale_n and_o price_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n the_o trade_n whereof_o will_v best_o become_v our_o english_a merchant_n as_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v fit_a for_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n leave_v the_o due_a course_n of_o exchange_n in_o manner_n aforesaid_a free_a for_o both_o party_n to_o make_v their_o return_n by_o upon_o all_o occasion_n which_o will_v prove_v very_o profitable_a to_o the_o realm_n and_o her_o majesty_n custom_n consider_v the_o say_a statute_n do_v only_o command_v the_o mere_a merchant_n stranger_n and_o not_o the_o denizen_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a dealer_n our_o home_n commodity_n be_v also_o so_o needful_a and_o of_o continual_a request_n that_o at_o all_o time_n they_o be_v most_o vendible_a notwithstanding_o some_o small_a interruption_n which_o now_o and_o then_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o war_n and_o other_o controversy_n do_v happen_v if_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n import_v by_o merchant_n stranger_n which_o pay_v more_o custom_n than_o the_o native_a subject_n do_v her_o majesty_n custom_n will_v very_o much_o increase_v again_o if_o they_o be_v buy_v better_o cheap_a more_o will_v be_v vent_v with_o we_o and_o likewise_o great_a quantity_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n transport_v especial_o when_o money_n do_v abound_v last_o the_o trade_n of_o our_o commodity_n will_v increase_v if_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o marchandize_v exchange_n do_v cease_v and_o be_v it_o not_o that_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v consume_v within_o the_o realm_n it_o be_v great_a reason_n that_o as_o the_o price_n thereof_o be_v rise_v so_o likewise_o the_o custom_n shall_v be_v pay_v somewhat_o according_o the_o portugal_n which_o do_v engross_v the_o spice_n of_o the_o east_n indies_n cause_n a_o great_a custom_n to_o be_v take_v of_o twenty_o upon_o the_o hundred_o upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o carrack_n at_o lisbon_n for_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o spice_n and_o other_o commodity_n and_o cause_v other_o nation_n to_o pay_v the_o same_o make_v the_o price_n according_o please_v they_o again_o in_o the_o custom_n outward_o in_o take_v but_o one_o upon_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o same_o make_v in_o this_o manner_n their_o country_n as_o it_o be_v a_o store-house_n for_o spice_n as_o the_o hollander_n do_v they_o for_o corn_n come_v from_o the_o east_n country_n and_o the_o like_a plenty_n be_v use_v by_o other_o nation_n which_o will_v require_v a_o large_a description_n as_o also_o how_o they_o enrich_v themselves_o by_o their_o industry_n and_o handiwork_n of_o the_o stuff_n of_o other_o country_n and_o again_o what_o commodity_n may_v be_v make_v within_o the_o realm_n we_o have_v fit_a matter_n or_o stuff_n thereunto_o and_o how_o artificer_n and_o other_o workman_n wage_n shall_v be_v consider_v and_o yet_o to_o this_o purpose_n we_o can_v omit_v to_o commend_v the_o singular_a good_a statute_n make_v by_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o and_o can_v wish_v that_o the_o wage_n give_v in_o those_o day_n with_o so_o great_a advisement_n be_v now_o treble_v according_a to_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n than_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v value_v at_o twenty_o penny_n which_o be_v now_o rate_v at_o 5._o shilling_n this_o be_v due_o observe_v in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n for_o the_o allowance_n of_o the_o bake_n of_o a_o quarter_n of_o corn_n the_o baker_n have_v now_o six_o shilling_n for_o the_o same_o whereas_o he_o have_v in_o those_o day_n two_o shilling_n but_o return_v to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n we_o say_v that_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n before_o mention_v will_v be_v effect_v by_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o exchange_n for_o when_o our_o merchant_n shall_v have_v ability_n give_v they_o to_o import_v money_n then_o will_v they_o bring_v the_o lesser_a quantity_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n and_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n will_v bring_v the_o more_o and_o again_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o more_o ready_a money_n either_o in_o specie_fw-la or_o by_o exchange_n that_o our_o merchant_n shall_v make_v their_o return_n by_o the_o more_o employment_n will_v they_o make_v upon_o our_o home_n commodity_n advance_v the_o price_n thereof_o which_o price_n will_v augment_v the_o quantity_n by_o set_v more_o people_n on_o work_n and_o will_v also_o increase_v her_o majesty_n custom_n outward_a all_o which_o be_v tend_v to_o the_o general_a good_a of_o her_o majesty_n the_o whole_a realm_n and_o every_o inhabitant_n thereof_o and_o this_o reformation_n be_v in_o effect_n no_o more_o but_o as_o it_o be_v the_o keep_n of_o our_o own_o weight_n and_o measure_n namely_o our_o money_n and_o exchange_n to_o sell_v our_o commodity_n by_o see_v that_o trust_v other_o nation_n therewith_o we_o have_v be_v hitherto_o deceive_v neither_o can_v any_o nation_n take_v hereby_o any_o offence_n at_o all_o we_o receive_v value_n for_o value_n as_o they_o with_o reason_n do_v also_o one_o of_o another_o the_o remedy_n be_v easy_a and_o yet_o of_o such_o moment_n that_o as_o the_o course_n of_o thing_n do_v carry_v always_o a_o great_a command_n so_o shall_v we_o find_v that_o of_o course_n diverse_a statute_n shall_v be_v observe_v or_o execute_v viz._n the_o statute_n of_o 9_o e._n 3._o 25._o e._n 3._o 5._o r._n 2._o 2._o h._n 4._o 2._o h._n 6._o 4._o h._n 7._o 5._o e._n 6._o prohibit_v the_o transportation_n of_o money_n and_o bullion_n etc._n etc._n the_o statute_n of_o 9_o e._n 3._o 15._o e._n 3._o 14._o r._n 2._o 3._o h._n 7._o and_o other_o concern_v exchange_n to_o have_v their_o due_a course_n both_o within_o the_o realm_n and_o for_o foreign_a part_n have_v according_a to_o the_o tenor_n thereof_o exchanger_n for_o the_o money_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n and_o for_o the_o money_n or_o bullion_n bring_v over_o in_o buy_v the_o same_o and_o deliver_v it_o into_o her_o majesty_n mint_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 8._o h._n 5._o and_o 20._o e._n 3._o before_o mention_v whereby_o her_o majesty_n shall_v have_v the_o due_a gain_n of_o her_o mint_n and_o poor_a monier_n shall_v continual_o work_v for_o the_o execution_n whereof_o money_n be_v coin_a in_o those_o day_n in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o realm_n howbeit_o all_o by_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o king_n mint_n at_o london_n namely_o at_o canterbury_n at_o kingston_n upon_o hull_n newcastle_n upon_o tine_n at_o bristol_n and_o excester_n and_o the_o exchanger_n for_o the_o king_n at_o london_n do_v also_o depute_v exchanger_n in_o the_o most_o place_n save_v that_o certain_a merchant_n of_o florence_n call_v friscobaldi_n be_v the_o king_n exchanger_n at_o kingston_n newcastle_n and_o excester_n whereby_o appear_v the_o great_a care_n have_v thereof_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o remember_v such_o benefit_n as_o will_v redound_v to_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n by_o the_o reformation_n hereof_o when_o at_o all_o time_n they_o may_v make_v a_o sure_a calculation_n of_o their_o gain_n and_o account_n according_a to_o the_o know_a price_n of_o the_o exchange_n or_o in_o set_v over_o the_o bill_n obligatorie_n which_o they_o receive_v of_o their_o commodity_n for_o foreign_a commodity_n or_o in_o make_v over_o their_o money_n by_o exchange_n at_o all_o time_n whereby_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v drive_v to_o buy_v foreign_a commodity_n or_o stand_v in_o danger_n to_o become_v loser_n by_o the_o exchange_n upon_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o price_n thereof_o after_o the_o sale_n make_v of_o their_o commodity_n and_o before_o they_o do_v receive_v their_o