situate on the Mouth of the River Don and dignified with an Episcopal See and a University Aberdonia olim Devana 9. Coldingham Coldana Beda Colania Ptol. famous for its choice Nuns Peblis and Selkirk are Sherifdoms for the Vallies Jedburg and Roxburg are Sherifdoms the last fatal to the Scots by the death of King James the second slain in that siege by the English Annan and Castle-Maban are the two chief Towns near Solway Frith the Ituna Aestivariam of the Ancients Abercon gives title of Earldom to the Duke Hamilton Dunbar Bara Ptol. or Vara. Dumbarum is memorable for the Battel of 1650 Sept. 23. Dunfreis is a rich and well traded Emporie upon the River Nith Nobius of Ptol. and at the mouth is Caerlaverâ—ck Castle Corâ—antorigum of old was the House of the Lord Maxwels Higher up the River is Morton naming the Earls Morton of the Name of Douglas Higher is Sanghuar-Castle whereof are intitled the Lord Sanghuer of the House or Name of the Creichtons A little remote from the River is seated Glencarne the Earls whereof are of the House of the Cuninghams Kircoubright is a commodious Haven Wighton a Sherifdom Whithern is the Leucopibia of Ptol. and Candida Casa of Beda Bargeny is the Berigonium of Ant. Cassil Cast the Seat of the Earls of the House of the Kennedyes Air is a Sherifdom and a noted Port and Empory Jiâ—win a small Port. Eglington-Castle gives the Title to the Montgomeries Douglas upon the River Douglas in Douglas-Dale names the ancient and Noble Families of the Douglasses Lanric Lanarcum a Sherifdom at the Confluence of the Douglas and Cluyd Hamilton Castle upon the Cluyd the Clata or Glota of Ptol. naming the House and Marquesses of Hamilton Bothwel an Earldom upon the Cluyd as is also Crawford of the Clune of Lindley Renfrew Vanduara is a Sherifdom and Barony Hereditary to the Lord Sempits Dunblane a Bishops See upon the Taich Lower down at the mouth of the Fâ—ith of Ferth lie the Sherifdoms of Clackmannan and Kinros Aberneth Victaria at the fall of the River Ern into the Tay was the chief Seat of the Kings of Picts Arrol upon the Tay the Seat of the Earls of Arrol Athol was sometimes part of the Calidonian Wood strong Fastnesses of Picts and Northern Britons Forfar Orrhea of old is the Seat of the Sherifs Dundee Alectum Dei Donum a rich and noted Port at the mouth of the Tay. Brechin upon the Eske is a Bishops See. Montross gives name to the Earls of Montross Dunnotyr-Castle in Mern seated upon a steep and inaccessible Rock is the Seat of the Sherif Between Loquabuir and Marr riseth the high Country of Badgenoth In Buquhan lie the small Countries and Prefectâ—res of Bamfsraithâ—ogye and Boyn places of Note in Murray are Rothes Castle giving Names to the Earls of Rothes Elgin Forres Nirn are Sherifdoms about the Lake Ness and part of the M. Grampius of Tac. extending to the Lake Lomond In Rosse is the Country of Ardmeanuch which giveth Title to the second Sons of the Kings of Scotland Châ—nâ—ury is the seat of the Bishop Cromerty is a Sherifd m. Dun Robin Castle the seat sometimes of the Earls of Sunderland Rosmarcheum of old Girnego Castle the seat of the Earls of Cathenes Durâ— ck and Wick the seats of the Bishops Vara or Varar Aestuarium is Murry-â—rth In this Realm of Scotland there are two Famous and Wonderful Loughs Nessa and Lomond the first never freezeth in the extreamest Cold and the Waters of the second rage in the calmest Weather The Islands adjacent and belonging to Scotland are 1. The Hâ—brides lying on the West-side thereof and are 44 in Number the chief whereof are Illa Jona Mula Lewis c. Plentiful of Wood Corn Salmons Herrings Conies Deer Sheep in some with in others without Owners 2. The Orcades of Tac. or the Islands of Orkney in Number 31 lying from the North and North-East point of Scotland The greatest and chiefest Island is now called Mainland formerly Pomâ—nia well stored with Lead and Tin whose Chief Town is Kirkwall fortified with two Castles and dignified with the See of a Bishop the Inhabitants commonly called Red-shanks 3. Shotland Islands or Schetland the Thule or Thyle of the Ancients lying about 20 Leagues Northwards from the Orkney being many in Number the chief of which is called Shotland being about 60 miles in length The Inhabitants are partly Scots and partly a mixt People of Danes and Scots Their Commodities are Ling and Cod. Towards North Barwick near the shore lyeth Bas Island which appears to be a High craggy Rock and is Remarkable for the great number of Soland-Geese by some called Barnacles and vulgarly thought to be ingendred by the Fruit of certain Trees dropt into the Water But the Hollanders report that the Barnacles which they call Rot-Gausen are bred in the Northern parts and that they couple together lay and hatch their Eggs. And Gerard de Veeo in his third Navigation to Greenland affirms that with his Companions they have driven them from their Nests and taken and eaten of their Eggs. Besides Anatomy discovers in their bodies where the differences of Sexes do visibly appear the Males having all the same parts as the common Drakes and the Females having their Ovaria as other Birds Between the Islands of Orkney and Shotland lye two Islands one called Fair-Hill the other Fulo about ten Leagues one from the other Thus much in brief as to the Situation Length Breadth Division Fertility People Government Chief Towns and Islands of Scotland Of Ireland IRELAND By Rob. Morden THE first Inhabitants to omit the Fables of the Irish Chronicles upon probable Circumstances were the Britans together with the mixt Nations of the Goths Gauls Africans c. though most Geographers are of Opinion that its first People came wholly out of Britain being the nighest to it Ireland lyeth betwixt the 51 and 56 degrees of Northern Latitude or betwixt the middle parallel of the eighth Clime where the longest day hath 16 hours and a half and the 24th parallel or end of the 10th Clime where the same hath 17 hours and an half The first Inhabitants the Irish for more ancient we find not were by Ptolomy distinguished into sundry lesser People and Names The Rhobognii Darnii Voluntii Vennienii and Erdinii now containing Vlster The Auteri Gangani and Nagnatae inhabiting Câ—naught The Veliâ—ori Vterni Vodiae and Coriondi now Munster The Menapii Câ—uei Bâ—ii and Brigantes now Leinster whose Cities were Rhigia Rheba Macolicum Dunum Laberus Juernis Nagnata Regia altera Manapia Wexford and Eblana Dublin whose Interpretations unless the two last we let pass as very uncertain Towards the wain of the Roman Empire they are named Scots the occasion or reason hereof we find not subduing the neighbouring Picts and Caledonians and giving the Name of Scotland to the Northern part of the British Continent Leaving there this new affected name they lastly resume and return here unto
Feb. 1658 was concluded and the two Kings had a friendly Interview Yet soon after this the War broke out again for the King of Sweden upon pretence of nonperformance of Articles with much secresie got before Copenhagen in Aug. 1658 so that the Fate of Denmark depended upon the Invincible Courage and Conduct of King Frederick who defended Copenhagen with a Royal Magnanimity till the death of the King of Sweden when was concluded a second Peace upon the Basis of the former Treaty Not to mention the late Wars wherein these two Northern Crowns were again imbrued in blood where the Swedes were overcome frequently in Field-fights and in Sieges as well as at Sea. They lost Wismar in Mecklemburg and several places in Schonen And the Danes had made as well as Brandenburg brave acquisitions and revenges had not the French King forced them to a Restitution The Monarchy of Denmark as it is now united and incorporated contains two Kingdoms Denmark and Norway to which we may add Groenland and the Islands of Iseland Schetland and Ferro Denmark is situate between the Ocean and the Baltick Sea composed of a Peninsula contiguous to Germany a Coast adjoyning to Sweden and of divers Isles which are between the Peninsula and the Coast with some others further distant Containing five more general parts or names of 1 Jutland 2. The Islands of the Sound or Sundt 3. Haland 4. Schonen 5. Bleking Of Jutia THE Peninsula called Jutland was once the Cimbria Chersonesus of Ptol. from the Cimbrians its ancient Inhabitants who were followed by the Juites Saxons and Angles after these came the Danes by whom it is now possessed being divided into two parts North and South the South part is divided also into two Dukedoms viz. Ducatus Holsatia or Holstein and Slesaicensis Ducatus or Sleswick Of the Dukedom of Holstein THis is a Wooddy low and Marshy Country and contains the Provinces of Dâ—tmarsia Stormaria Holsatia and Wagria properly and strictly so called Stormaria hath for its chief places Hamburgh Marionis Ptol. teste Cluver a free Imperial City and a Hans-Town of great strength as well by Nature as Art adorned with fair and beautiful Structures viz. the Council-House Exchange and nine Churches a place of great Trade and well resorted to by Merchants and Factors of several Nations Anno 1374. this Town was adjudged to belong to the Earls of Holstein and that determination ratify'd by Charles the Fourth And 't is said that the Hamburghers took the Oath of Allegiance to Christiern Earl of Oldenburg the first King of Denmark of that House as Earl of Holstein but since they live as a free State and being jealous of their Liberty or their Guilt they are always in a posture of defence and can upon all occasion raise 1500 Citizens well armed besides their constant Garison and the promised assistance of the rest of the Hans-Towns 5. Krempe a Strong and well Fortified Town reckoned one of the Keys of the Kingdom Gluckstadt which commands the passage up the Elbe 6. Pinnenberg a Strong place and of great consequence 7. Bredenberg one of the best Towns in the Country remarkable for the stout resistance it made against Walestein 1628. Wagre hath for its chief places Lubeca Lubeck the Treva of Ptol. teste Merc. Sans Brietio an Imperial Free City and a Hans-Town and Bishops See built upon a rising Hill on the summit whereof is placed the Cathedral Church called St. Maries besides which it hath nine others The Streets are strait and fair 't is Fortified with a Ditch and double Wall in circuit about six miles and enjoys a good Trade Heylin tells us there is not a City of Germany which can equalize it either for the Beauty and uniformity of the Houses the pleasant Gardens fair Streets and delightful Walks without the Walls seated upon the River Trave which runs through the midst of it about eight English miles from the Baltick Guarded at the Rivers mouth by the Fort Travemund and is in a strict Alliance with the States-General of the United-Provinces ever since Anno 1648. The other Towns are Newstadt Ploen upon a Lake Fortified with a Castle and belonging to a Prince of the House of Holstein called Holstein Ploen Oldenberg Segebert the Lirimiris of Ptol. and Oldeslee Ditmarsh hath for its chief places Meldrop the prime Town of the Province Lunden and Heide Holstein is the last member of this Estate though giving name to the whole the chief places in it are Kiel alias Chilonium Seated upon the Baltick Sea a well traded Town with a large Haven and store of Shipping 2. Rensberg the best Fortified and Itzehoa on the River Stoer Adolph of Schaumberg in the Year 1114 by Lotharius Emperor and Duke of Saxony was made the first Earl of Holstein Adolph the last Earl of which House dying without Issue the whole Estate fell to Christiern Son of Theodorick Earl of Oldenberg who being made King of Denmark prevailed with Frederick the third Emperor to have the whole Estate erected into a Dukedom 1474. and by this means united to the Crown of Denmark the Kings thereof as Dukes of Holstein being counted Princes of the Empire tho they neither send to the Imperial Diets nor contribute to the publick Taxes nor acknowledg any Subjection more than Titular Yet since this uniting of these two Estates the Title of Duke of Holstein and a good part of the Country was in a manner dismembred from the Crown and given to Adolph Brother of Christiern the third Afterwards another part of this Country was bestowed upon John Younger Brother to Frederick the Second So that now the House of Holstein is divided into three principal Branches whereof the King of Denmark is the Head and standing Protector of the first Branch The other two Branches are that of Holstein Gottorp and that of Holstein Sunderburg which is divided into four Branches so that the Dukes of Holstein are now increased to a great Number of which the Duke of Holstein Gottorp is the most considerable yet was greater before he lost the King of Denmark his Brother in Laws favour by engaging too far with the Swedes whereby he lost to the King his Rights of Soveraignty over the Dukedom of Sleswick and has little or nothing there left besides his Castle at Gottorp And in Holstein his Subjects are under Contribution whilest himself resides at Hamburg his place of refuge Slesvicensis Ducatus or Hertzogthumb Sleswick Incolis THIS is that part of Jutland which lies next to Holstein and was first erected a Dukedom by King Eric of Denmark who gave it to Waldemar but Male-issue failing it returned to the Crown and was by Margaret Queen of Denmark Norway and Sweden conferred upon Getrard Earl of Holstein Afterwards it fell together with Holstein to Christiern of Oldenburg King of Denmark by whom it was with Holstein Incorporated in that Crown A Country which once in three or four years the Inhabitants let the Pools
who has set up a Parliament and built a very strong Cittadel to secure it It is observed of Tournay that it was taken four several times upon St. Andrews day 1. By Henry the VIII King of England 2. By the Emperor Maximilian the First 3. By the Emperor Charles the Fifth 4. By the Duke of Parma Douay Dracum upon the Confines of Artois and Haynault is indifferent strong the Church of Nostredam is about 1200 Years old It is a Staple of Corn and Honoured with an University Courtray Cortracum upon the Lis an Ancient Town and of great Importance by reason of its Situation 't is the best in the County next the Capital places and the Inhabitants are excellent Artists in Diapring Linnen-Cloaths Dunkirk Dunquerea Duinkerk a Town of great Importance by reason of the conveniency of the Port and is one of the most considerable Purchases of the French King taken by the Duke of Orleance 1644. Graveline Gravelinga Grevelinghen not far from it a very considerable and strong Town Furna Furnes the Residence of Lovis the XI during his Retirement with the Duke of Burgundy The Soil is so fertile that the Low-Countries as the Natives say would have produced as much Riches as the Indies had all their Territories been as fruitful as that of Furnes Near Niue or Neoportus was fought that memorable Battel betwixt the Arch-Duke Albert and the States where by the valour of the English and the excellent conduct of those Noble and gallant persons Sir Francis and Sir Horatio Vere the Victory next under God was gained for the States Artois Artesia United to the Crown of France by the Pyraenean Treaty from which it was dismember'd is a Province extraordinary fertile in Corn. Arras Gallis Artrebatum the Origiacum Ptol. Atrecht Belgis the Capital City thereof consists of a High and Low Town both very strong since the last Conquests of the French King the River which belongs to it has been made Navigable for Vessels to go beyond Doway Hesdin Hesdinum is a Regular Hexagon by which the River was Navigable as far as Montrevil Bapaume Bapalma is a place that cannot well be Besieged because there is no Water in all the Neighbourhood Lins is famous for the Victory of the French in the year 1648. where the Prince of Ligne and the Marquis of Grana were taken with 20 Captains 6000 and 200 common Soldiers 40 Great Guns and 90 Insigns Bethune makes excellent good Cheese And Terroane Tervanna Terwin is known by its Ruins St. Omers Audomaropolis Fannum S. Aadomari is a strong City surrounded with Marshes wherein there are Floating Islands Haynault Hannona by the Dutch Henegow according to the Report of the Inhabitants and the Records of the Province acknowledgeth only God and the Sun for their Supreme Lords however it has now two other Lords the French King and the King of Spain Mons Montes by the Dutch Bergben the Capital City Fortified with three Moats is Governed by a Soveraign Council Independent from the Parliament of Malines It has also Canonesses that prove their Nobility for 300 Races and are permitted to Marry Near Mons the valiant Earl of Ossory did wonders and so desperately engaged the French that the Duke of Luxemburg was never so roughly handled This County of Hainault contains four Principalities Barbancon Chimai Conde and Ligne 3 Marquisates Aisaux Terlon Vergnies and 15 Counts The Estate is ancient being sometimes a part of the great Earldom of Ardenne from which it was divided and made a distinct Earldom by Alberick Sirnamed the Orpheline one of the youngest Sons of Brunulph Count of Ardenne slain by Dagobert a French King who had this part with title of Earl given him by Sigebert King of Austrasia to be held under the Soveraignty of the French Kings After long continuance and often changes it was by Jaqueline the last Princess wanting Heirs surrendered together with Holland Zealand and West-Friesland united in Families unto Philip the Good Duke of Burgundy her next Kinsman In whose House the right but the possession in the French King now remaineth at least the greatest part Valentiennes Valentiana is a great fair and well fortified place taken by the French 1677. lying upon the Scheld Quercetum Quesnoy Landdecium Landrecy Avenna Avesnes Philippevilla Philipville and Marienburgh Mariaburgum are strong places all in the French Kings Power as also Aeth Athum a considerable Town together with Binch Binchium Marimont not far from it was one of the fairest Houses in all the Country Mary Queen of Hungary having omitted nothing that might adorn the Structure The Battel of Senef 1674. was one of the most remarkable Exploits of that exquisite General the Prince of Conde Luxemburgensis Ducatus The Dutchy of Luxemburg Luceburgum so called from the Image of the Sun there worshipped It is a strong place of Defence but surrendred to the French 1684. It was sometimes a part of the Principality of Aâ—â—enne By â—â—e Emperor Charles the Fourth made a Dukedom in the person of his brother Wenceslaus By Elizabeth the last Princess wanting Heirs it was sold to Philip the Good Duke of Burgoign Has a City that bears the same Name Thionville Theodonis Villa Lewis the 14th of France was not much advanced in the fifth year of his Age ere he began to triumph over his Enemies at the memorable Battel of Rocroy 1643. and the gaining of Thionville by the Conduct of the Duke D'Anguien Montmedi Mons Medius Danvilliers Damuillâ—rium belong to the French King And Yuoix Yuodium by the French Carigan There are some Lands in the Forest of Arden that belong to the Bishop of Liege that is to say Bovilion Bullionium with the Title of a Dutchy and a strong Castle upon the Rock or high Hill whereof was named that famous Godfry of Builâ—on Duke of Lorrain and the first of the Latins King of Jerusalem St. Hubert to whom the Huntsmen make particular Devotions And Rochefort that beheld the French Victors over the Spaniards at the Battel of Avin in the year 1635. Brabant Brabantia in the middle of the Low-Countries has four Capital Cities of as many Countries Brussels Lovaine Breda and Boisleduc Brussels Bruxella is a City very well Peopled the Seat of the Governour in whose Palace is room enough to lodg several Kings The Channel that runs to Antwerp is one of the greatest Undertakings in the Low-Countries wherein there are prodigious Sluices for the Making whereof Sums of Money no less prodigious were expended The Church of St. Gudula is one of the fairest in all the Country The Neighbourhood of the Forest of Sognies lies very convenient for Hunting Lovaine Lovanium which some affirm to be the Capital City of Brabant is one of the biggest Cities of Europe with a famous University which gives the Natives occasion to call it a City of Scholars Brussels a City of Curtesans Antwerp a City of Merchants and Malines a City of Advocates by reason of its Parliament Tillemont was taken
is Dignified with the Ordinary Residence of the King its Chief Ornaments are the Palace of the Louvre so much fam'd abroad The Palaces of the Nobility viz. That of Luxemburg its Palace Royal its Church of Nostredame its University containing five Colleges the Halls of Justice the Courts of Parliament The English held it for 16 years and there Crowned King Henry the Fifth King of France In this Province about three miles from Paris is seated St. Dennis famous for the Sepulchres of the French Kings The Beautiful House of Fountain-Belle-eau esteemed one of the fairest Palaces in Europe As also the Royal Mansion of St. German seated on the Ascent of a Hill seven miles from Paris down the Water And Bois de Vincennes in which Henry the Fifth ended his days Senlis is the chief City of the Dukedom of Valois which gave name to the French Kings of the Second Branch of the Capets which begun in Philip Valois Ann. 1328. in his Reign was fought the Battel of Crecie Anno 1343. where was slain John King of Bohemia 11 Princes 80 Barons 120 Knights and 30000 common Soldiers In Champaigne the chief City is Rheimes Famous for being the place where the French Kings are commonly Crowned and Anointed Therein also is Langres Andomatanum of Ptol. the Seat of the Twelve Peers of France Trois the meeting-place of Charles the Sixth and Henry the 5th Kings of France and England where the Victorious King was espoused to Katherine Daughter to King Charles aforesaid Bretaigne or Britany of old Armorica so called from the Britains who flew thither in the time of the Saxons Tyranny over them in England Formerly the Titles of the Earls of Richmond It s Sea-Port Towns are Brest Vendana Portus seated upon a spacious Bay the Key the Bulwark and best Harbour in France St. Maloes Aletha Maclovium built on a Rock a strong fair and populous City yet often spoiled and damaged by the English Inland Towns are Nants Condivincum Ptol. Cit. Namnetum Ant. seated on the Banks of the Loyre and Rennes Condate of Ptol. Cit. Rodanum Ant. the Parliament-City for this County Vannes Dariorigum Ptol. Cit. Venetum Ant. Situate on a capacious Bay the chief Town of the Old Veneti Quimper Corentin Corisopitum Ant. Orleance as it comprehends Maine Perch Beauce Nivernois Touraine Anjou the Title of Henry the Second King of England and Earl of Anjou now the Title of the third Son of France Poictou Angonnois and Berry hath these chief Cities 1. Orleance of Old Gennabum of Caes Strab. Cenabum Ptol. Aurelia It s pleasant Situation on the Loire makes it very beautiful and delightful Once the Seat Royal of its own Kings now the Title of the Second Son of France It long felt the force of an English Siege where died Great Montacute Earl of Salisbury On the chief Bridg of this City is the Statue of Joan the Pucelle de dieu or Maid so assistant to the French in Repelling the English and raising the Siege of Orleance May the 12th 1429. Burnt alive by the English Anno 1431. after which time the Affairs of the English grew worse and worse for in Anno 1435. Charles the Burgundian fell off and in 1453. Talbot a man of great Valour and Conduct was slain and nothing was left to the English but Calice of all that the English had got in two and forty years 2. Mans Cit. Cenomannorum by Antonius by Ptol. Vidinum Vendosme which gave Name to Antonio Father to Henry the Fourth 3. Chartes Carnutum Ant. Ptol. Autricum seated on the Loire a fair and pleasant City Dignified with a University for the Study of the Civil Law. 4. Nevers Noviodunum Caesar Nivernum al. Nivernium Ant. upon the Loire Dignified with an Ancient Dukedom 5. Tours Caesarodunum Ptol. Turonum Ant. where the Protestants are said first to have begun in France and were called Hugonots Nigh to this place it was that Charles Martel Father of King Pepin in Anno 732. discomfited an Army of about 400000 Saracens of which were slain near 370000. Blois pleasantly seated and in a good Air where the Duke of Guise the first mover of the Civil Wars and contriver of the Massacre at Paris was slain by the command of Henry the Third 6. Angiers by Ptolomy called Juliusmagus Andeglaevum Ant. of a large Circuit well built seated in a good Air and made a University Beaufort belonging to the Duke of Lancaster nigh which Town was the Duke of Clarence Brother to Henry the Fifth slain 7. Poictiers by Ptolomy Augustoritum Pictavium Ant. a University Famous for the Study of the Civil Law and for greatness said to be next to Paris In the Vine-fields two Leagues from the City was fought that memorable Battel between John of France and Edward the Son of King Edward the III. Sirnamed the Black Prince who with 8000 men overcame the French Army of 40000 whereof 10000 were slain besides Nobles Prisoners taken were King John and his Son Philip 70 Earls 50 Barons and about 12000 Gentlemen 8. Rochel seated on the Acquitane Ocean a place of great Trade and of greater strength before it was dismantled 1627. witness its many Sieges Anno 1570. by Jarvil Anno 1573. by Byron with an Army of 50000. men and 60 Pieces of Artillery 1575. and 76. it was attempted by Landâ—riau in 1577. by Lansac In the troubles of 1585. and 88. it was the Retreat of the King of Navarre and Prince of Conde Her Commodities Rochel-Wine Salt and Brandy Rupella Ant. Mortus Santorum Ptol. 9. Angoulesme Enculisma al. Cit. Etolinensium Ant. 10. Bourges a Town of great strength by Nature and well Fortified by Art Situate in a low Flat amongst deep impassible Bogs and Marshes 'T is an Arch-Bishoprick and one of the best Universities in France called Avaricum in Caesar's time of old Bituricum Ant. Varicum Ptol. Sancerre a strong Town memorable for a desperate and long Siege in the Reign of Charles the Ninth In the Province of Bourgondy once a Kingdom is first Dijon Divionum built by the Emperor Aurelian proud in her Parliament and for giving Birth to St. Bernard seated upon the Soasne Next are Auxerre Antissiodorum Ant. Chalon Cabullinum Strab. Caballinum Ptol. Cavillonium Caesar Castrum Gaballionense Ant. Mascon Castrum Matisconense Ant. seated upon the Soasne the best Hold of King Charles the Seventh in his hard Wars against the English Alize now a small Village formerly Alexia the chief Fortress of Vercingeterix who had 70000 Men in the Town when Besieged by Caesar and an Army of 300000 Gauls at the back of Caesar to relieve their fellows notwithstanding all which the Town was yielded to Caesar and Vercingeterix sate at his feet and became his Prisoner Philip the third Grandchild to Philip the Hardy united to this Dutchy almost all the Belgick Provinces but Charles his Son in the War against Lewis the Eleventh lost his Men Money and Life at the Battels of Granson Morat and Nancy 1476. afterwards this
Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire 581 336 London Essex Middlesex and part of Hartfordshire 623 189 Durham Durham Northumberland and the Isle of Man. 135 87 Winchester Hampshire Surry Isle of Wight Gernsey and Jersey and Alderny 362 131 Bath and Wells Somersetshire 385 160 Oxford Oxfordshire 195 88 Bangor Carnarvanshire Anglesey Merionethshire and part of Denbighshire 107 36 Rochester Part of Kent 98 36 Ely Cambridgshire and part of Ely. 141 75 Chichester Sussex and part of Hartfordshire 250 112 Salisbury Wiltshire and Barkshire 248 109 Worcester Worcestershire part of Warwickshire 241 76 Lincoln Lincoln Leicester Bedford Huntington Buckingham and part of Hartfordshire 1255 577 St. Asaph Part of Flintshire and part of Denbighshire 121 19 St. Davids Pembrokeshire and Carmarthenshire 308 120 Peterborough Northampton and Rutlandshire 293 19 Landaff Glamorganshire Monmouth Brecknock and part of Radnorshire 177 98 Carlile Cumberland and part of Westmerland 93 18 Exeter Devonshire and Cornwall 604 239 Chester Cheshire part of Yorkshire Lancashire part of Flint and part of Cumberland 256 101 Bristol Dorsetshire 236 64 Norwich Norfolk and Suffolk 1121 385 Glocester Glocestershire 267 125 Hereford Herefordshire Shropshire part of Worcestershire and part of Radnorshire 313 166 Lichfield Staffordshire Darbyshire part of Warwickshire part of Shropshire 557 250 The second Division was by King Henry the Second into six Circuits appointed to the Itinerary Judges who are twice in a year in the chief Town of each County in their respective Circuit to determine Causes and administer Justice for the Ease of the People The third is the Military Division for the Raising of Horse and Foot for the Kings Service It is also divided by the Kings Justices in Eyre of the Forest and by the King of Arms into North and South of Trent The last Division is that of Shires or Counties first ordained by King Alford which are subdivided into Hundreds or Wapentakes and those again into Tythings He also appointed a Vice-compt or Sheriff whose Office was to look after the Peace and Welfare of the Shire To Execute the Kings Writs and Precepts and perform several other duties necessary for the Execution of Justice and Welfare of the People And these Sheriffs are generally chosen out of the chiefest of the Gentry King Edward the Third ordained in every Shire certain Civil Magistrates intituled Justices of the Peace whose Duties are to look after the Disorders that arise in the Shire or Hundred in which they reside and to punish Offenders There are in all England 25 Cities 680 Great Towns called Market-Towns 9725 Parishes and in many of which are contained several Hamlets or Villages as big as ordinary Parishes England is blest with a sweet and temperate Air the Cold in Winter being less Sharp than in some parts of France and Italy which yet are seated far more Southernly And the Heat in Summer is less scorching than in some Parts of the Continent that lie much more Northward For as in Summer the Gentle Winds and Frequent Showres qualifie all violent Heats and Droughts so in Winter the Frosts do only meliorate the Cultivated Soil and the Snow keeps warm the tender Plants The whole Country is exceeding Fertile abounding with all sorts of Grain Rich in Pasture containing innumerable quantities of Cattel yielding great plenty of all sorts of Fowl Wild and Tame Its Seas and Rivers infinitely stored with all variety of excellent Fish In its Bowels are found Rich Mines of Lead Tinn Iron Copper and Coal as useful as advantageous to the Nation Nor doth it want Mines of Silver though rare and but in small quantities It hath excellent H t Baths and divers Medicinal Springs It is bravely furnished with Variety of pleasant Orchards and Gardens luxuriant with all sorts of excellent Fruits Plants and Flowers The English are Governed by several Laws viz. Common Law Statute Law Civil Law Canon Law and Martial Law besides particular Customs and By-Laws The Common Law of England is a Collection of the General Common Custom and Usages of the Kingdom which have by length of time and immemorial Prescription obtained the Force of Laws for Customs bind not the people till they have been tried and approved time out of mind These Laws were first reduced all into one body by King Edward the Elder about the year 900 revived by King Edward the Confessor William the Conqueror added some of the Customs of Normandy since which Edward the First did settle divers fundamental Laws ever since practised in this Nation Where the Common Law is silent there we have excellent Statute-Laws made by the several Kings of England by and with the advice and Consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons of England by their Representatives the Knights Citizens and Burgesses duly Elected in Parliament Where Common and Statute-Law take no Cognizance As in matters transacted beyond the Seas and relating to the Admiralty c. Use is made of the Civil Law which ought to be the Product of the Common Reason and Wisdom of all Mankind and fitted for the Interest and Welfare not only of one Nation but taking Care for the general Affairs of all people The Canon-Law is the many ancient General Councils of National and Provincial Synods the divers Decrees and Judgments of the Ancient Fathers c. received by the Church of England by which she proceeds in her Jurisdiction as chiefly for the Reforming of the inward man and matters accounted of a spiritual Nature as Cases Matrimonial Testamentary Scandals Offences against good Manners c. Forest-Laws are for regulating offences committed in or relating unto some Forest or Chase for preservation of the Game c. Martial Law extends only to Soldiers and Mariners and is not to be practised in times of Peace but only in War and then and there where the Kings Army is afoot The Doctrine of the Church of England is Apostolical contained either in Express words of the Holy Scripture or in the 39 Articles and the Book of Homilies in all things agreeable thereunto the Worship and Discipline is in the Liturgy and Book of Canons By all which it will appear to impartial Eyes that the Church of England is the most exact and perfect Pattern of all the Reformed Churches in the World. Let Italy glory in this that she is the Garden of the Earth it may truly be said of England that it is the Court and Presence-Chamber of the Great Jehovah which should engage us the more by Holy Lives to walk suitable to such Mercies and not to forfeit those inestimable Priviledges by our crying sins for how can we expect that God should always continue so Gracious to us if we continually turn his Grace into Wantonness England is a Free Hereditary Paternal Monarchy Governed by one Supream Independent and Undeposeable Head according to the known Laws and Customs of the Kingdom A Monarchy that without Interruption hath been continued 1000 years in a word a Government of a perfect and
the Leuearum of Ant. Pembroke the chief Shire-Town seated on Milferd Haven so large and capacious that it may safely contain a 1000 sail of Ships over which it hath two fair Bridges a place of good strength fortified with a Wall and a strong Castle seated on a Rock St. Davids Menevia Fanum Davidis once a City of good account now only notable in that it is a Bishops See and a fair Cathedral Haverfordwest is the Town where the Assizes are kept Tenby is seated upon a Rock having a commodious Road for Ships Fishgard is the Abergwaine of the Welsh The Description of SCOTLAND SCOTIAE Nova Descriptiō per. Robert Morden SCOTLAND is separated from England by the Rivers Tweed and Solway and the Cheviot Hills The Ancient Inhabitants were the Britains divided by Ptolomy into many lesser Names by Dion and Xiphilinus into two only general viz. the Calidonii and Meatae Afterwards called the Picts towards the wain of the Roman Empire from their Paintings and for their better distinction from the civil and clothed Britains distinguished by Am. Marcellinus into the Picts Ducalidoniae and the Vecturiones The Scots a Colony of the bordering Irish intruding amongst and conquering the Picts or Britains all other Names worn out the whole are now accounted Scots The Length of Scotland I find set down by Heylin to be 480 Miles but the breadth in no place more than 60 Miles the truth of which will appear if you consider the Latitude of Solway-Frith near Carlisle the most Southern part of Scotland and Straitsby-head the most Northern you will find the greatest length can be but 260 English Miles and the breadth in the broadest place more than 160 Miles as you will easily see by the Map. Scotland according to its Situation may be divided by the River Tay into two parts viz. North and South commonly distinguished by the Names of Highland and Lowland The first was the Ancient Kingdom of the Scots The other the Old Habitation of the Picts The People of the former are by Nature and Disposition rude and uncivil The Inhabitants of the latter in Disposition Civility Language and Habit are much resembling the English and are thought to be Descended of the Saxons On the West part of Scotland are many Woods Mountains and Lakes Towards the East it is more Fruitful in Corn especially Barley and Oats Their Fruits are not very Excellent nor plentiful but they have abundance of Fish and Fowl not much Cattel nor big Their chief Commodities are Coarse Clothes Freezes Fish Lead Oar Feathers Allows Iron Salt-petre Linnen cloth Train-Oyl some Hides and Tallow The Kingdom of Scotland consists of the Nobility Gentry and Commons These with the Lords Spiritual Assemble together in Parliament when called by Writ from the King of Great Britain who by Reason of his Residence in England constituteth and appoints a Vice-Roy to Act under him at the said Session of Parliament called Lord Commissioner who at present is William Duke of Queensbury As to their Courts of Judicature they have several the Chief is the Session or Colledg of Justice consisting of a President fourteen Senators seven of the Clergy and as many of the Laisy whereunto is now added the Chancellor who is chief and four Lords of the Nobility besides as many Advocates and Clerks as the Senators see convenient These sit and administer Justice every day from nine to twelve except Sundays and Mondays from the first of November to Christmas-Eve and from the first of January to the last of February and from Trinity-Sunday to the first day of August But now by Act of Parliament the Summer-Sessions are taken away and instead thereof they are to be kept in March. This Court is of great state and order the Clerks write all the Material heads that are pleaded at the Bar. And after the parties are removed the Senators consider the Arguments and give sentence and the major part carries it Their final Sentence or Decrees determines all business there being no appeal only to the Parliament who may receive and repeal their decisive sentence The next supream Court is the Justice-Court where all Criminals are tried it consists of a Lord Justice General and of a Lord Justice Clark who is his assistant This Order was changed Anno 1669 and by Act of Parliament four Judges were appointed to sit in this Court with the Lord Justice General c. The Jury is made up of fifteen the major part determines the matter Besides this Court there are in every Shire or County Inferior Civil Judicatories or Courts kept wherein the Sheriff of the Shire or his Deputy decideth Controversies and Law-Suits but from these there are Appeals to the Sessions or Higher Court of Equity There are likewise Judicatories called Commissarials for Ecclesiastical Affairs The Shires of Scotland are viz. Edinburg Barwick Peeblis Selkirk Roxburg Dumfreis Wightown Air Renfrew Lanrick or Lanock Dumbritton or Dunbarton Boot Inner Ara Perth Striveling or Sterling Linlithgow Clackmanan Kinros Couper Fife Forfar Kinkardin Marrischals Aberdeen Bamf Errols Elgin Nairn Innerness Ross Cromarty Tayn Dornock Weik Orkney The Constabulary of Haddington The Stewartries of Strath-yern Monteith Annannaile Kirkubright The Baileries of Kyle Carriek Cunningham Scotland is also divided into several Counties or Parts Lothien Merch Teifidal or Tiviotdale Eskdale Easkdale Liddesdale Annandale Nithisdale Galloway Carrick Kyle Cunningham Clidesdale Lennox Striveling or Sterling Mentieth Fife Strathern Argile Lorn Cantire Arran Albany or Braid Albin Perth Athol Anguis Mernis Buquihan or Buchan Marr Marray Lochabyr Rosse Southerland Strathnavern Cathnes The Government whereof is divided into two Arch-Bishopricks Saint Andrews and Glasco under whom are several Suffragan Bishops It s chief places are 1. Edinburgh the Metropolitan City of this Kingdom Situate in a high and wholsome Air and a Fertil Soil consisting chiefly of one Street about a Mile in length out of which runs many smaller Lanes and Streets 'T is strongly begirt with a Wall and Fortified by a fair and strong Castle seated on the top of a Rock a place Adorned with many fair Edifices Dignified with the Courts of Judicature High Court of Parliament and a University 2. St. Andrews of Old Fanum Reguli hath a fair Prospect towards the Sea near the fall of the Ethan Fortified with a fair and strong Castle Dignified with an Archbishops See. 3. Glasco pleasantly seated on the River Cluyd over which it hath a fair Bridge A place of good Account Dignified with an Arch-Bishops See and a University Glasquum Script Scot. 4. Sterling a place of good strength and Fortified with a strong Castle Strivilingum vel Strevelinum seu Sterlinga 5. Dunbritton a place of great strength having the strongest Castle in all Scotland both by Nature and Art. Castrum Britonum 6. Falkland pleasantly seated for Hunting 7. Perth or St. Johns Town a place of good Account pleasantly seated at the Mouth of the River Tay between two Greens 8. Aberdeen
their first and more wonted name of Irish The first Onset it received by way of Invasion was by the Saxon Monarchs who made themselves Masters of some places but could not long continue in possession of them The next that in Hostile manner Visited it were the Northern Nations Danes Swedes and Normans who scowring along the Sea-coasts by way of Piracy and afterwards finding the weakness of the Island made an Absolute Conquest of it under the Conduct of one Tungâ—sus but were soon routed out by the Policy of the King of Meath After this the petty Princes enjoyed their former Dominions till the Year 1172 at what time the King of Leinster having forced the Wife of the King of Meath was driven by him out of this Kingdom who applying himself to Henry the Second of England for uccour received Aid under the Leading of Richard de Clare Sirnamed Strongbow Earl of Pembroke by whose good Success and the Kings presence the pâ—tty Kings or great Lords submitted themselves promising to pay him Tribute and acknowledg him their Chief and Sovereign Lord. But as the Conquest was but slight and superficial so the Irish submissions were but weak and fickle Assurances to hold in Obedience so considerable a Kingdom though the Charter was confirmed by Pope Hadrian So that it was not till the latter end of Queen Elizabeth's Reign that the same was wholly subjugated and the Foundation laid of a lasting Peace with Ireland which soon after was very far proceeded in by King James and fully perfected according to all Humane appearance by our Gracious Sovereign King Charles the Second So that now Ireland is a Flourishing Island Civil in its self and a good additional strength to the British Empire Ireland called by the Latins Hibernia by the Greeks Irnia by Pomponius and Sâ—linus called Juverna by Ptolomy Juernia by Orpheus Aristotle Strabâ— Stephanus and Claudianus Jerna by Eustathius Vernia by Diodorus Irim by the Welsh Yverdhon by the Inhabitants Eryn Irlandt Germanis Irlanda Italis Irlande Gallis Is in length 300 and in breadth 130 miles about half as big as England and was Anciently Divided into five Provinces each one a Kingdom in its self viz. 1. Leinster 2. Meath 3. Vlster 4. Connaught And 5. Munster But now the Province of Meath is reckoned for a Member or part of Leinster These four Provinces compose that Kingdom as beautiful and sweet a Country as any under Heaven being stored with many goodly Rivers Replenished with abundance of all sorts of Fish sprinkled with brave Islands and goodly Lakes adorned with goodly Woods full of very good Forts and Havens The Soil most Fertile and the Heavens most mild and temperate but not so clear and subtil as the Air in England and therefore not so favourable for the Ripening of Corn and Fruits as to the Grass for all kind of Cattel And in the Winter more subject to Wind Clouds and Rain than Snow or Frost It is an Island of great strength as well by Nature as Art by reason of its Situation in such dangerous Seas and the several Fortificaons and Castles that the English have built since they were Masters of it It s chief Rivers are the spacious Shannon the rolling Liffie the sandy Slany the pleasant Boyne the Fishy Banne swift Awiduffe or Blackwater sad Trowis wide Mayre now Bantry Bay the Woody Barrow the spreading Lee the Baleful Oure or Shoure Besides these Rivers there are several Lakes of which Lough Erne is the greatest being about 30 miles in length and 15 in breadth and this as all other of its Lakes are well stored with Fish The Irish have had the Character of being Religious by which perhaps some understand Superstitious Amorous Patient of Labour Excellent Horsemen and the meaner sort extreamly Barbarous till Civilized by the Neighbourhood and intermixture of the English yet still the wild Irish retain several of their absurd and ridiculous Customs accounting ease and idleness their greatest liberty and riches The Ecclesiastical Government of Ireland is committed to the care of four Arch-Bishops under whom are 19 Suffragan-Bishops The Temporal Government is now by one Supreme Officer sent over by the King of England who is called the Lord Lieutenant or Lord Deputy of Ireland who for Majesty State and Power is not inferiour to any Vice-Roy in Europe The present Lord Deputy is the Earl of Tyrconnel Their Laws are correspondent with those of England and they have their several Courts of Justice as Chancery Common-Pleas Kings-Bench Exchequer Courts of Parliament and Justices of the Peace in every County The Commodities of this Island are Cattel Hides Tallow Butter Cheese Honey Wax Furs Salt Hemp Linnen Cloth Pipe-staves VVool of which they make Cloth and several Manufactures as Freezes Ruggs Mantles c. Its Seas yield great plenty of C d-fish Herrings Pilchers and other Fish The Bowels of the Earth afford Mines of Lead Tin and Iron The Province of Leinster by the Natives called Leighingh contains the Counties of Kilkenny Caterlough Queens-County Kings-County Kildare East-Meath VVest-Meath VVestford VVicklo and Dublin in which are comprehended 926 Parishes whereof 47 are Towns of Note 102 Castles well Fortified by the English Vlster being the largest Province of all Ireland called by the Irish Cui Guilly is divided into the Counties of 1. Lough 2. Cavan 3. Fermanagh 4. Down 5. Monaghan 6. Armagh 7. Colvane 8. Dunnaâ—l or Tyrcâ—nnel 9. Tir-Oen And 10. Antrim In which are comprehended 214 Parishes whereof 14 are Towns of Note for Commerce and Traffique and 30 Castles for defence of the Country Connaught by the Irish Conaughly is divided into these five Shires or Counties 1. Iâ—trim 2. Roscommon 3. Majo 4. Mego 5. Galloway 6. Thomond or Clare-Country in which are comprehended but eight Towns of any consequence for Commerce and Traffique and a-about 24 Cas les of old Erection besides Fortresses as have been raised in its later Troubles the whole contains 366 Parishes Munster is now distinguished into the Counties of 1. Limâ—rick 2. Kery 3. Cork 4. VVaterford 5. Tipperary And in these Counties are comprehended 24 Towns of Note and Trading 66 Castles of old Erection including in the whole 80 Parishes It s chief places are 1. Dublin a City Rich and Populous as being the Metropolis of all the Island the Seat of the Lord-Deputy an Arch-Bishops See and an University Adorned with many fair Buildings viz. the Castle the Cathedral the Church the Arch-Bishops Palace the Collegiate Church called Christ-Church the Town-Hall the Colledg c. 2. VVaterford the chief City of Munster on the River Shoâ—r a well Traded Port a Bishops See and the second City of the Kingdom endowed with many ample Priviledges Being safe and commodiously seated for the Use of Shipping for though a good distance from the Sea yet Ships of the greatest Burthen may safely Sail to and ride at Anchor before the Key and also for the conveniency of sending Commodities in smaller Vessels to several Towns in
Midlefare Swinberg with several other good Towns four Royal Castles and 264 Villages besides Gentlemens Houses Alsen is a small Island belonging to the Dukedom of Sleswick whose chief place is the Castle of Sunderberg giving Name to a Branch of the Royal Family the Duke of Holstein Sunderberg Arroe or Aria is a small Island belonging also to the Duke of Sleswick Langland and Laland the first is the largest the other the most plentiful in Corn and Chesnuts whose chief place is Naskow a Town well Fortified Falster is a small Island fertile in Corn its chief place is Nicopin of a pleasant situation called the Naples of Denmark Mone Isle is about twelve Miles long and six broad the chief place is Stekoo where the Swedish Forces found a greater resistance than in any of the other Islands Huen or Ween is remarkable for the observations of that famous Astronomer Tycho Brahe The Island of Bornholm was granted to the Crown of Sweden by the late Treaty of Peace but since the Danes have exchanged it for an equivolent propriety of certain Lands in Schonen Cross we now over the Sound and take notice of the other part of this Kingdom which lies on the East Continent called Scandia under which general Name it contains the whole Kingdom of Norway the greater part of the Kingdom of Sweden and some part of Denmark That which belongs to Denmark is divided into three Provinces Haland Schonen and Bleking now under the King of Sweden by the Roschilt Treaty yet here mentioned because the places in the Map are more plainly seen than in the Map of Sweden Haland is a Province for fertility of Soil sweetness of Air store of Fish plenty of Lead and Brass Mines scarce inferior to any its chief places are Wansbourg Laholm Helmstat Falkenburg and Torkow Schonen is the pleasantest Country in all Denmark most abundant in fruits and shoals of Herrings its chief places are Lunden the Metropolitan Archbishoprick of Denmark with its famous Dial where the Year Month Week Day and Hour throughout the Year as also the Motions of the Sun and Moon through each Degree of the Zodiack the movable and fixed Feasts c. are distinctly seen being finely adorned and set forth in variety of delightful Colours Other places are Goburgam or Elsinberg Fortified with an impregnable Castle and one of the Forts defending the Sound over against Cronenburg Lanscroon Corona-Scaniae Malmogia or Elbogen Tillburg Vdsted Walleburg Simmers-haven and Christiernstadt or Christiern-dorp Bleking is Mountainous and barren its chiefest places are Christianâ—ple Ahuys Selborg Ellholm Rotenby and Carels-haven often mentioned in the late Wars It hath been an Hereditary Kingdom ever since the year 1660 for before it was Elective so the Nobility do not enjoy those Priviledges which they did before The King stiles himself Earl of Oldenburg and Delmenherst as being the Eighth King of that House to which the Crown of Denmark fell in the year 1448 by the Election of Christiern the first and is to this day in their possession The opinion of Luther hath been entertained in Denmark ever since the Reign of Frederick the First who was Elected Anno 1523 so that there are two Archbishops and thirteen Bishops for Denmark The Forces of this Kingdom may be known by their former and now late Undertakings against the Swedes by which it appears that they can raise a strong power at Sea and make good Levies at Land for defence of their own Dominions The Revenue of this King consists chiefly in the great Impost laid upon all Ships which pass through the Sound which is the Key of the Baltick also in some Crown-Lands a great yearly Toll made of the Cattel as also of the Fish transported into other Countries The Danes are generally of good Stature clear of Complexion and healthful crafty and provident in their affairs peremptory in their assertions and opinionated of their Actions Religious Just in their Words and Contracts good Soldiers both at Sea and Land. The Women are fair discreet and courteous fruitful of Children The Danish Ladies love hunting and more freely entertain at their Tables than in their Beds those that come to visit them For great Captains and men of War it is famous for Godfrey or Gotricus who endangered the Empire of France for Sweno and Canutus the Conquerours of England For men of Learning Tycho Brahe the Prince of Astronomers Hemingius a Learned Divine Bertholinus a Physician and Philosopher John Cleverius the Historian and Geographer Of the KINGDOM of NORWAY NOrvegia Lat. Nerigos Plin. Norway Angl. contains the Western part of the Peninsula of Scandinavia the Eastern part being part of Swedeland A long ridg of Mountains making the separation leaving Norway toward the Ocean and Swedeland toward the Baltick Sea. From hence are transported Train-Oyl Pitch Stock-fish Masts for Ships Deal-boards The Coast of Norway though of a large extent has few good Ports by reason of the small Islands and Rocks that inviron it and the Gulf of Maelstroom which swallows and endangers all the Ships that come nigh it Herbinius tells us that this Northern Charybdis or Vorago by the Inhabitants Moskestroom is forty miles in extent Kircher saith 't is thirteen miles in Circumference that it hath a motion ascending and descending six Hours by sucking in waters and as many throwing them forth again That part which lyes toward the Pole is full of Forests and Mountains wherein there are some few Mines of Copper and Iron In the year 1646 was discovered near Opslow or Anslo a Mine of very good Gold which gave the Inhabitants occasion to say that they had got the Northern Indies But that Boast endured no longer than the Mine which presently vanished for fear of being riâ—ed Opslo Ansloye Galis the Ansloga of old it was burnt down in the time of Christiern the Fourth King of Denmark and since called Christiana 't is a Bishops See. Aggerhad is a Castle near to it full North from Seagen the most Northern point of Jutland Stafanger is a Sea-Town with a good Port near which is the Fort Doeswick There is the Herb Ossifraga of Norway which sna s the bones of Cattel that tread upon it East of Drontheim lies the Country of Jemperland formerly part of Norway but was by the Treaty of Bromsbroo Anno 1645 yielded to the Swedes to whom it is still subject This Kingdom has five Governments with as many Castles Bahus Aggerhus Berghen-hus Dronthem-hus and Ward-hus That of Bahus with a Castle of the same name upon a Rock was delivered to the Swedes by the Treaty of Roschilt Berghen is the better City the Seat of the Vice-Roy with a new Fort called Fredericksburg and a Port into which Vessels have an easier entrance and where they are safe from the Winds by reason of the high Mountains which inviron it the Merchants of the Hans-Towns have there a House and a Magazine Dronthem in Latin Nidrosia the Court of the ancient Kings of
Norway is very much fallen to decay yet it still â—tains the Title of an Archbishoprick and the Remains of one of the fairest and most magnificent Churches of the North Ships ride sâ—fâ—â—e Harbour but they must have very good Pilots to carry them in Here the People make a kind of Bread of Barly-Meal and Oates which they bake between two hollow Flint-stones which Bread ke ps thirty or forty years The Norwegians are little subject to sickness and of such a Constitution that when they are in a Fever one slice of Bacon does them more good than a potched Egg their great inclination to Sorcery makes them have the reputation of Selling the Winds to the Seamen Finmark which makes part of Lapland advances into the Frigid Zone so that day or night continues alternately for several Months together The Inhabitants claim nothing of Property but take the first place that pleases them here to day in another place to morrow They live upon Fish and Hunting and only pay an acknowledgment of certain Skins to the King of Denmark and carry their Fish to Berghen The Castle of Wardhus with a Burrough of 300 Houses the most Northernly of the whole Continent is in the middle of a little Island where it serves only to force the payment of certain duties from those that Traffick to Arch-Angel in Moscovy The Haven is in the Western part of the Island which is separated from the Land by an arm of the Sea about a Quarter of a League broad through which the Ships make Sail and the places adjoyning are not so subject to the Ice as other parts of the same Sea. As for the Norwegians we have not read of them in any ancient Author both Name and Country seem more lately to have been given from their Northern Situation uniting with the Danes and Swedes they were better known in the time of the French Empire by the name of Normans under which appellation in the time of Charles the Simple they got the Province of Normandy conferred on Rollo the first Duke thereof Anno 912 afterwards setling in their own Country they were called Norwegians from their Northern Situation Governed by their own Kings till their final Subjugation by the Danes which was by means of the Marriage of Haquin the last Prince of Nâ—rway unto Margaret Queen of Denmark Norway and Sweden a second Semiâ—amis in the History of those times who having once got sooting in Norway so assured themselves of it that they havâ— ever since possessed it as a Tributary Kingdom so that now Norway and Denmark are both fellow Subjects under the same King. Of Swedeland SWEDEN NORWAY by Robt. Morden THE Monarchy of Sueovonia or Suecia Lat. Sweden Incolis Suede Gal. Suetia Ital. is the most ancient in Europe if it be true that it has had above a hundred and fifty Kings and that the first among them was the Son of Japhet one of the Sons of Noah Perhaps for this reason it was that at the Council of Basil a Swedish Bishop had the Confidence to demand of the Presidents the precedency before all the Bishops of Christendom Some Historians begin to reckon the Kings of Sweden from Jermanicus and demonstrate to us that the Kingdom was Elective till the Reign of Gustavus de Vasa or Ericus who made it Hereditary to his Family in the year 1544 and at the same time put down the Roman Catholick Religion to Embrace the Lutheran Doctrine under this pretence of Religion Charles the Ninth of Sudermania deprived his Nephew Sigismund of his Crown who had been the 13th Elective King of Poland of that Name In the Reign of the Emperor Charles the Great we find them to have been a Free State different from that of the Danes entertaining then Harioldus and Ragenfridus Kings of that Nation driven out by the Sons of Gotericus In the Reign of Sweno the First and Canutus the Great they were subject to the Danes By Queen Margaret about the year 1387 they were again subdued to the Danish yoke after long Wars sundry defections and recoveries not fully delivered until the year 1525 freed by Gustavus aforesaid and ever since commanded by Princes of their own Nation The ancient Inhabitants of this Nation are supposed to be the Suiones or Sitones of Tacitus Inhabiting the greater Scandia of Ptol. by Aimonius called the Sueones in his 48 and 101 Chap. By Jornandes de Rebus Geticis the Suethici at this day by long corruption the Sueci giving Name to the Country now called Suetia or Swedeland extended for a great space of Land betwixt the Baltick and the Frozen Seas The King of Swedeland stiles himself King of the Swedes Goths Vandals Great Prince of Finland Duke of Estonia and Carelia Lord of Ingria and bears in his Arms three Crowns The present King is Charles the Eleventh of the Family of the Palatine of Deux Ponts The Goths and Vandals are famous in History for their Conquests So have the Swedes been in the last Age through the valour of their late Kings and the conquests they have made upon their Neighbours which had made them almost Masters of the Baltick The Peace at Bromsbroo near Christianople Anno 1645 obliged the King of Denmark to restore Jempterland and Herendall to the Swedes and to surrender him the Islâ—nds of Gotland and Oesel to perpetuity with the Province of Halland for thirty years The Peace of Roskil near Copenhagen 1658 surrendered Halland wholly to the Swedes together with Schonen Blâ—king and the Island of Bornholm which afterwards returned to the Danes by exchange of other Lands the Fortress of Bahus and the Bailywick of Drenthâ—m The Peace at Copenhagen 1660 confirms the Treaty of Roskil except for the Bailywick of Dronthem and acquires the Island of Ween The Acquisitions of the Swede from the Empire by the Peace of Munster were the Dutchy of Lower Pomerania and in the Vpper-Stetin Gartz Daâ— and Golnau the Island and Principality of Rugen the Isles and Mouths of Oder the Dukedoms of Bremen and Ferden The City Signiore and part of Wismar Wildhusen in Westphalia the priviledg to attempt the rest of Pomerania and the new Marquisate of Brandenburgh The Treaty of Oliva near Dantzick 1660 was so advantageous to this Kingdom that the King of Poland there utterly renounced the Title of King of Swedeland for the future and consented that Livonia from thenceforth should be Hereditary to the Crown of Sweden This was intended of Livonia upon the North of the River Duna where only Dunâ—mburgh was reserv'd to the Crown of Poland according to the Truce made at Stumsdorf for 26 years Anno 1635. The Peace with Muscovy restor'd to Sweden all that the Grand Duke had taken in Livonia The King of â—weden pretends to the Succession of Cleves and Juliers by Title from his Great Grand-father John Duke of Deux Ponts who Married Magdalene the thirteenth Sister to Duke john-John-William In the Estates of this Kingdom the Country-men
of this Age. The two Families of Bathori and Ragotzi have afforded this Country several Princes It being made a Soveraignty in the Year 1512 by John Zapolia by favour of Soliman the Great The last Ragotzi who was slain in Battel against the Turks in the Year 1659 was the fourteenth Prince He styl'd himself By the Grace of God Prince of the Kingdom of Transylvania Lord of one part of Hungary and Earl of the Ciculians He paid Annually to the Grand Signior a Tribute of 30000 Dollars the Ministers of the Port have advanced it to five hundred thousand Rix-dollars The Emperor as King of Hungary pretends to have the Right of Installation of the Prince of Transylvania For the Emperor Rodolphus Established Botscai upon Condition that the Principality should return for defect of Issue Male. The Ancient Inhabitants were the Anartes of Caesar the Anarte of Ptol. Of Hungaria A New Map of HUNGARY by Robt. Morden HVNGARIA Lat. Indiginis Maglar Slavis Wagierska Germanis Hungerland Gallis Hungrie Italis Hispanis Ongaria now vulgarly but improperly called the Pannonia of the Ancients The ancient Inhabitants were the Jaziges Metanastae of Ptol. included within the Rivers Danow and Tissa and the Capatian Mountains Part of the Dacii lying East of the River Tissa or Tibiscus The Paones or Pannonii inhabiting beyond the Danow betwixt it and the Savas afterwards it was the Seat of the Huns Longabards and Avares and lastly of the Hungarians So called from the Huns and Avares a people known by the Rapines they committed in several parts of Europe under Attila one of their Kings whose mighty Acts and numerous Forces are very remarkable He it was that over-ran most part of Germany and great part of Italy that forced his way through all the Nations between him and France beating down all the Towns and Fortresses before him That compelled the Emperor Theodosius to buy his Peace at 6000 Pound-weight of Gold and a yearly Tribute Sacked and burnt Aâ—quilea and Mâ—lâ—n fought the great Battel with Aetius the Roman General where were ten Kings present and 200000 slain Once a great and flourishing Kingdom whose Dominions extended as far as the Adriatick and Euxine Sea. Now divided by the Danow into the Upper Hungary lying North of the River and the lower Hungary lying towards the South containing before the Turkish Subjection 54 Juridicial Resorts or Counties Viz. Abanvivariensis d'Abanvivar 1. Albensis d'Ekekes-Feveruar 2. Arvensis d'Arva 3. Barsiensis de Bars 4. Barzodiensis de Barzod 5. Bathiensis de Bath 6. Bihoriensis de Debreczin 7. Bistriciensis de Bistricz 8. Bogrogensis de Bodrogh 9. Castriferrensis d' Sarvvar 10. Cepusiensis de Czepuss 11. Chonadiensis de Chonad 12. Comariensis de Komara 13. Gevinariensis de Gewinar 14. Hewesensis de Hewecz 15. Hontensis de Sag 16. Javariensis de Gewer 17. Liptoviensis de Lypeze 18. Moramarusiensis de Moramaruss 19. Musoniensis de Muzon 20. Nitriensis de Neytracht 21. Novigradiensis de Novigrad 22. Orodiensis Czongrad 23. Pelysiensis Pelicz 24. Peregiensis de Peretzaz 25. Pestensis de Pest 26. Ptosegiensis de Posega 27. Posoniensis de Poson 28. Risiensis de Kreiss at Creutz 29. Sagoriensis de Sellia 30. Saladiensis de Salavvar 31. Sariensis de Saraz 32. Semlyniensis de Semlyn 33. Sigetensis de Szygeth 34. Simigiensis de Zegzard 35. Sirmiensis de Szerem 36. Soproniensis de Sopron 37. Strigoniensis de Gran 38. Temesuensis de Temesuar 39. Tolnâ—nsis de Tolna 40. Torantaliensis de Thurtur 41. Tornensis de Torna 42. Transchiniensis de Transchyn 43. Turocensis de Owar 44. Valconiensis de Valpon 45. Varadiensis de Varadin 46. Varaniensis de Baranguar 47. Vesprimiensis de Vesprim 48. Ugoghensis de Ugoza 49. Unghensis de Unghuuar 50. Zabolcensis de Chege 51. Zagrabiensis de Zagrabia 52. Zatmariensis de Zatmar 53. Zolnocensis de Zolnock 54. First Invaded by Amarah the second Ottoman Emperor of the Turks with almost incredible numbers of men who yet found that the valiant off-spring of the once Victorious Huns were not so easily subdued but stood as the Bulwark of the Christian World for 300 years putting a stop to the Turkish Conquest and further Invasion into the other parts of Europe no other Nation being able to check their unruly rage nor set bounds to their Empire Yet such was the unhappy fate of that people that after long Wars sundry Victories and brave Resistances it was for the greatest part inthralled to the Turks the rest containing about a third part obeyed the German Emperor of the House of Anstria Descended from Anne Sister to Lewis the Second the last Native Prince slain by Solyman at the Battel of Mohacz But those that write the History of Hungary tell us that though scruples of Conscience and Contests about Religion have been the pretentions of the Discontents and Rebellions there yet Ambition and Soveraignty have been the cause of the Wars and miseries of that bleeding Country That their own Divisions indeed contributed to their Subjection for neither the Roman Eagle nor the Ottoman Crescent had waved proudly over their lofty Towers had not the Civil Dissentions of the Inhabitants by wounding deep each others bosoms made way for the enemy The Soil of Hungary is very fertile the Plains which are exceeding lovely bear Corn in abundance and the little Hills produce excellent Wines those of Tokay are highly esteemed the Sirmian Wines are very rich and pleasant And its deep Pasturages are stored with infinite Herds of large and fat Cattel It also exceeds most Countries of Europe in Mines of Gold Silver Tin Lead and Copper as also Baths and Mineral Waters some of a strong nature which falling upon the ground is turned to a Stone others again flow in Winter and freeze in Summer others which falling into Ditches make a kind of mud out of which tried and melted they make very good Copper and others there are that turn Iron into Copper The Veins of the Copper Mine near Newsol are very large and the Ore is very rich in a hundred pound of Ore they ordinarily find 20 l. of Copper sometimes 30 40 to 60 in the hundred there are also two Springs of a Vitriolate Water which turns Iron into Copper in 14 days time and the Copper thus changed is more ductile maleable and more easily melted than the other Three Hungarian miles from Newsol and two from Chrenmitz there are divers Hot Baths of great esteem and much frequented at Boinitz there are also five natural Baths of a gentle heat and delightful to Bathe in being beautified by Count Palsi then Palatine of Hungary It produces abundance of Salt and other Provisions for human sustenance plenty of Deer Hares all sorts of Poultry Patridges and Pheasants great store of Sheep great numbers of Oxen of which 100000 are yearly sent into Italy and Germany The Hungarians are generally Warriers and good Soldiers strong of Body well proportioned and valiant more addicted to Mars than to
the Empire divided into Ten Circles About 1519 Charles the Fifth Son of Philp King of Spain Son of Maximilian the Emperor succeeded his Father in his Estates of Spain Burgundy the Low-Countries Austria c. and by Election his Grandfather Maximilian in the Empire also Under whom the German Empire rose to its greatest height and enlargement Under this Charles all Germany was rent into two grand Factions or parts Roman Catholicks and Protestants occasion'd by Martin Luther born at Isleby in Saxony who first only taxed the abuses and observed the corruptions of the Church after makes a general defection Anno 1524. This was no sooner done but the Reformers make a new Schism and divide between Luther and Zuinglius 1524 which rose to two grand Factions afterwards by the name of Lutherans and Calvinists Hence rose other Sects also pretending higher Reformation in Religion so that in the year 1525 Tho. Munzer occasions the Rustick War. And in the year 1534 succeeded the Anabaptists at Munster And in Anno 1547 began the Smalcaldick War in Hassia where Caesar prevails and ruins their League soon after the Protestants prevail and procure the Passavian Peace Anno 1552. But in the year 1618 the Bohemians rejects the Emperor and Elects the Count Palatine King of Bohemia and Crown him at Prague Hence the Bohemian War arose and spread over all Germany changed first into the Saxon then into the Swedish War Anno 1620. The Duke of Bavaria overcoming the Bohemians the Palatinate was ejected out of the upper Palatinate out of the Electorship as well as out of the Kingdom of Bohemia Anno 1625 the Duke of Saxony is slain Anno 1630 the King of Sweden enters Germany in the behalf of the Protestants and Princes Liberty 1632 The King of Sweden and Tilly the General of the Imperialist after several Victories and Conquests both dies 1635 The Duke of Saxony and Brandenburg makes Peace with the Emperor And the King of France denounceth War against the Empire Anno 1636 the Duke of Saxony is slain and the Imperialists are driven out of Pomerania by the Swedes 1639 Saxony and Bohemia invaded The War continues hot by several Sieges and Battels till 1648 when Munster Treaty ensues and so the thirty years wherein had perished about 325000 was ended This Peace of Munster changed the Empire to that State that it is now at For the King of Sweden carried away the Dukedoms of Bremen and Verdin Lower Pomerania and Stetin with other places in the Upper Pomerania The Island or Principality of Rugen The Isle of Wollin the River and Port of of Odor The Baliwick of Poel and New Closter The Signory of Wismar and Wildhasen in Westphalia c. The King of France was to have the Cities and Bishoprick of Mets Toul and Verdun with Moyenvic Pignerol Brisac The Landgravedom of Alsatia the Higher the Baliwick of Hagenaw and the Fortress of Philipsburg The Palatine of the Rhine is restored to his Estate in part and made the Eighth Elector and high Treasurer of the Empire And the Protestants were asserted into full Liberty of their Religion which Name arose in the year 1529 at the General Assembly of Wormes when the Elector of Saxony the Landgrave of Hessen the City of Norimberg and others protested against the Decrees of Caesar and appealed to an Universal Council Germany is now an Elective Empire wherein there are several Sovereign Estates of which the Emperor is chief who Governs by Diets which are almost like the General Estates of France The Principal Articles of the Government are contained in a Fundamental Law or Original Constitution and Agreement called Aurea Bulâ—a or The Golden Bull which treats of the Election of the King of the Romans the Duty of the Electors of their Priviledges of the Authority of the Emperor and lastly of the means to maintain the Peace and Repose of the Empire This Bull is a little Book the Original whereof being written in Parchment contains 24 Leaves and 30 Chapters and was constituted as the perpetual and fundamental Law of the Empire to be altered by the Emperor no not with the Electors consent by Charles the Fourth 1356. The Election of the Emperor ought 't is said to be made at Francfort upon the Mein though this Order in the last Elections has not been Observed Besides the Assemblies that concern the Affairs of the Empire in General there are three other sorts that of the Electors for the Election of the Emperor That of the Deputies whither the Emperor sends a Commissioner And those of the Circles like the Assemblies of the States in the great Provinces of France Of these Circles there are ten in the Empire that is to say of Austria Bavaria Suabia of the Upper Rhine of the Lower Rhine Westphalia Vpper-Saxony Lower-Saxony Franconia Burgundy but this last is now no more summon'd Every Cirle has a Director Ecclesiastick and a Secular Director who preside together at their Assemblies Two or three Circles may meet when one of them is attacqued from without or in confusion within The Empire as it retains the Title so it is almost like that of the Romans though it contains not so large an extent of Ground The Princes that compose it are of five sorts The Emperor who is now of the House of Austria the Electors the Ecclesiasticks the Princes secular and the Free Cities In the General Diets are three bodies that of the Electors that of the Princes and that of the Imperial Cities There are reckon'd above 300 Sovereignties in Germany who do not acknowledg the Emperor but only in point of Homage and mutual Agreement The House of Austria has three sorts of Dominion those of Austria which are Hereditary to him those of Bohemia which he now claims as his Right and those of Hungary which he hath by Election Out of this House of Austria the German Emperors have been Elected for above 400 years ever since the time of Hen. 4th when the Lords of the Empire began to undervalue his Authority and Pope Gregory the Seventh taking occasion thereby Excommunicated him and Ordered the Imperial Scepter should bs given to another Then the Germans abolished the right of Succession and assumed to themselves that of Electing the Emperors The Emperor who is of that House usually in his life time causes his Son or his Brother or his next Kinsman to be Crowned King of Hungary afterwarwards King of Bohemia then if he finds the Princes disposed to it he causes him to be Elected also King of the Romans that is his perpetual Vicar and Successor presumptive to the Empire Without the Revenue of his Hereditary Territories he would scarce have wherewithal to support his dignity for under the Title of Imperial he possesses no Land his principal Rights are the Election and Investiture of Feifâ—y the Grant of Privileges and the Right of Legitimation He may make Laws give Letters of safe Conduct establish Posts make Parliaments settle Universities erect
Treveri Plin. Melae the Triviri Ptol. 2. Cobolentz al. Coblentz Legio prima Trajana Ptol. Confluentes Ant. seated at the Influx of the River Moselle and Rhine A Town populous and well built the Country about it very pleasant and fertile 3. Hermanstein Hermanni Saxum also Ernbretstein or Erenbreitstein a strong Castle notable for its long Siege 1636 opposite to Coblentz Next to these lies the Palatinate of the Rhine Palatinus inferior Rheni Psaltz die Rhein or Nder Psaltz Germanis Palatinat du Rhin Gallis This Country before those unhappy Wars betwixt the Emperor Ferdinand the Second and Frederick the Fifth Count Palatine of the Rhiin whereby it was much ruinated was accounted the most fruitful and pleasant through the whole Germany especially for its excellent Rhenish Wines Chief Places are Heidelburg Heidelburga seated on the South-side of the River Neccar in a Bottom amongst Hills It was a University ever since the year 1346 founded by Rupert Count Palatine and much frequented In the great Church was kept that famous Library which was afterwards carried to Rome and added to the Vatican Upon the Town-house is a Clock with divers motions This Elector Carolus Ludovicus is Knight of the most Noble Order of the Garter Great Treasurer of the Empire and together with the Elector of Saxony Vicar of the Empire By the Treaty of Munsâ—er 1648 he was restored to the Lower Palatinate In his Palace or Castle of Heidelburg are divers things remarkable viz. the Grotes and Water-works The Great Tun which contains about 200 Tuns Other places are Manheim Manhemium a Town and strong Fort at the Confluence of the Neccar or Necker and Rhine The Bridg over the Moat of the Cittadel into the Town is also remarkable Not far hence stands the old Castle Psaltz whence the Palatinates seem to have their Name of Psaltz Grave Within the Limits of this County and intermingled with the Lands of this Prince Palatine are the Bishopricks of 1. Spiers Neomagus of Ptol. Noviamagus Ant. Nemetes Caes Plin. teste Rhenano Spira Italis Spire Gallis famous for the Imperial Chamber there kept fixed at Francfort in the reign of Maximilian the First afterwards at Worms and now lastly in the year 1530 translated hither 2. Of Worms Borbetomagus Ptol. Bormitomagus Cit Vangionensis Wormensis of Ant. Latino rec Wormacia famous for the many Imperial Parliaments there formerly held as aforesaid near which place Adolphus Earl of Nassaw and King of the Romans was slain in the year 1292 by Albert Duke of Austria There is also belonging to this Bishoprick of Spire Odenheim or Udenheim Ger. Philipsburg Gal. Neomagus Ptol. teste J. Heroldo taken by the Germans from the French 1675. West of this Palatinate if not belonging to it is Zuueybrucken Incolis Deuxponts Gallis the chief City of the Dukedom of the same Name by others called the Dukedom of Biponts Charles Gustavus was Son of John Casimer a younger Brother to the Duke of Zuueybruck but whether it belongs to the Swedes or Prince of Newburg do not certainly find I think it was taken by the French much about the time that the Prince of Lutzelstein received a French Garison 1674. To this also let us add the Lantgraves of Darmstad Of ALSATIA SOuth of this Palatinate lies the Province of Alsatia Elsass or Elsatz Germ. Alsace Gallis a Country that scarce yieldeth to the best in Germany for pleasure and fertility abounding with Corn Wine and sundry sorts of delicious Fruits It is divided into the Upper and Lower Alsace to which the French Geographers add Suntgow and Brisgaw though all other reckon the latter to belong to the Circle of Schwaben Chiefer Towns in the Lower Elsatz are Weissemborg Alba Sebusiana seu Wissemburgum Hagenaw Hagenoia once both Imperial Towns now subject to the French as is Zabern Taberna Ant. once the chief Seat of Justice of the Bishop of Strasburg But the chief City of all Alsatia is Strasbourg populous strong and well built The Church is one of the Wonders of the World for the bigness the sumptuousness and the marvellous height of the Steeple 574 foot and the inimitable Structure The Arsenal is also very considerable and well provided with all sorts of Ammunition and Arms yet surrendred to the French 1682. The Argentoratum Legio Octava Augusta Ptol. Argentoratum Cit. Argentoracensium Ant. Argentina Italis A Bishops See and Imperial City In the Higher Alsatia are Schlestat Sclestadium Elcebas of Ptol. Ant. Colmar built out of the Ruines of the Argentuasia of Ptol. Ant. Destroyed by Attilas and the Huns. Ensisheim the Uruncis of Ant. The Upper Elsatz belonged wholly to the Arch-Dukes of Austria the Lower to the Bishops of Strasbourg Both challenged the Title of Lantgraves But since the Treaty of Munster the French have enjoyed the greatest part Chiefer Towns in Suntgow are Mulhausen a Town Imperial confederate with the Switzers Montbelliard Mons Belligardus Montpelgard Germanis stands upon the Confines of Alsatia and Burgundy and was subject to the Duke of Wirtemburg until it was seized upon by the French it is noted for its strong Fortress and for a Dispute between Beza and Jac. Andrea alias Schmidliaus Chief Towns in Brisgow or Brisigavia beyond the Rhiin are Friburg Friburgium a University built by the Duke of Zeringen 1112 now possessed by the French not far from whence are to be seen the Ruins of Zeringen Castle from whence the ancient Dukes were Entitled Brisach Mons Brisiacus Ant. a Fortress then of the Romans now of the French. Come we now to the Estates beyond the Rhine under which we will take in Franconia Hassia and Westphalia Of the Circle of Franconia THE Circle of Franconia is divided into three parts viz. 1. Into Ecclesiasticks 2. Lâ—ick 3. Imperial Cities So that 't is governed by many distinct Princes some of greater others of less power and Dominion but the Title of the whole is given to the Bishop of Wurtsburg A Country hedged on all sides with Forests and Mountains within plain healthy and pleasant tolerably fruitful with Corn and Wine The chief of the Ecclesiasticks are first the Bishop of Wirtzburg Bisthumb Wurtzburg incolis Evesche de Wurtsbourg Gallis Whose chief places are Wurtzburg Herbipolis quasi Herebipolis Wirtzburg quasi Mustopolis olim Marcopolis Paeapolis teste Irenico Artaunum Ptol. teste Petro Apiano seated upon the Main in a pleasant Plain environed with Meadows Gardens and Vinie Downs 2. The Bishop of Bamberg Gravionarum Ptol. teste P. Apiano Bamberga Pamberga Papeburga in Script German This City is large fair and entirely Catholick The Bishop is the first of the Empire it acknowledgeth no Metropolitan but depends immediately upon the Pope 3. Mergentheim Mergetheim Morkenthal Mariental Mergethum seu Mariae Domus the Residence of the Great Master of the Teutonick Order These were some German Gentlemen who waited upon the Emperor Frederick the First in his Expedition to the Holy Land who
took the Croisado and were Installed at the Church or Hospital of St. Mary Jerusalem and called Marianites Their Order differed nothing from the Templers of St. John but in form and colour of their Cross After the taking of Jerusalem by Saladine these Knights went to Ptolomais from whence Frederick the Second sent for them into Germany to fight against the Prussians and Livonians who at that time were Pagans which War began in the year 1220. In a little while after these Knights had made themselves Masters of a Country of very large extent and obeyed the Order till 1525 at which time Sigismund King of Poland gave the Investiture of Prussia unto Albert Marquis of Brandenburg In the year 1563 the Great Master became Secular again and took part of the Lands subject to the Order with the Name of Duke of Courland 4. The Bishoprick of Eichstadt or Aichstadt Ala Narisca Ant. Aureatum teste Gasp Brocio near the Danube The chief of the Laicks are the Marquesses of Cullembach and Onsbach the Counts of Holac Wertheim and Erpach or Erbach who find their Original from a Daughter of Charlemagne who married to a Gentleman after she had carried him upon her back through the Court of the Palace The Imperial Towns are 1. Nuremberg Norimberg Nurnberg Germ. Nerobergae Noricorum Mons Norica Caesari A place of great Trade and well frequented by Merchants The fairest most priviledged richest and best Governed in Germany Here the new chosen Emperor ought to hold his first Diet and here are the Ornaments used at the Coronation of the Emperors viz. the Royal Crown The Dalmatick Gown The Imperial Cloak c. Here was Maximilians Wooden Eagle that flew a quarter of a mile and back again And here the Burgers have power to imprison their Children and cast them alive into the River Here Charles the Great designed to make a Communication of passage between the Danube and the Rhine by joyning the Rednitz and the Atmul Rivers whereby there might have been a Commerce by Water from the Low-Countries to Vienna and even unto the Euxine But some inconveniencies in the attempt and his Warlike diversions made him give over that Noble design 2. Frankfort Francfort or Franckfurt Francofurtum Francphordia Helenopotis olim Trajectus Francorum The passage or Ford of the Franks A Free City and reckoned in the Circle of Franconia by most Geographers though I rather take it to be in the Circle of the Higher Rhine It is renowned for its Book-Fairs or Marts in March and in September For its Fortress and for the Election of the Emperor It is a large and strong place divided into two parts Frankfurt and Saxenhausen by the River Maein united by a Stone-Bridg Other Imperial Towns in Franconia are 1. Schweinfurt Suevorum Trajectus Swinphordia Suvinfurtum seated in a fruitful Soil 2. Rotenburg al. Tuberum seated upon the River Tauber which some say is like Jerusalem for its Situation upon Hills and for its many Turrets 3. Weinsheim Vinisima Vinshemia Winshaim 4. Altdorff a University 1623. Of HASSIA ADjoining to Franconia on the North-west is the Landgravedom of Hessen or Hassia of a healthy Air and a fruitful Soil in Corn and Pasturages The greatest part of the Country is now divided into two Families the one of Cassel the other of Darmstat of the youngest House chief places belonging to the Landgraves are Cassel Cassella Cassilia Castella Cattorum Stereontium Ptol. teste Pyramio upon the River Fuld the chief Seat of the Landgraves 2. Marpurg or Martpurg Marpurgum Martis-burgam Mattiacum Ptol. teste Ortel Amasia Baud. upon the River Lohn an University founded in the year 1426 by Lewis Bishop of Munster Here the Landgraves have a stately and magnificent Castle mounted upon a high Hill without the Town enjoying a pleasant prospect and one of their chief places of Residence 3. Darmstad with its Castle is the Seat and Inheritance of the youngest House of the Landgraves Part of this Country of Hessen belongs to the Abbey of Fulda one of the richest and most celebrious in Europe Anno 1640. it was taken by Bannier and here he heard a Voice in the Air Be gone Bannier be gone for now the time is yet he lived to get that Victory at Homberg in Hassia between Fridberg and Francford But at the Battel near the River Sale valorously defending a Bank he was forced to yield and goeth to Halberstade where voiding much Blood and Matter through an Imposthume or breaking of a Vein he put an end to his life and to all his toyl and labours This Abbey was founded by St. Boniface an English man This Abbot is a Prince of the Empire and Arch-Chancellor of the Empress calls himself Primate of Gallia his County is called Buchen Buchovia from the plenty of Beeches To which we may add the Abbey of Hirchfeld betwixt Hessen and the Rhine and intermingled lies the Confederation of Wetteraw or a Combination of many Estates viz. 1. Earls or Counts of Nassaw from whence the Illustrious Grave Maurice and other Princes of Orange are descended 2. Solms well allied 3. Hanaw the Counts whereof have large Estates and a Justice from which their Subjects cannot appeal 4. To this Country belongs the Counts of Waldeck subject to the Lantgraves The Barons of Limborg have a Title of Semperfre The Counts of Swartsbourg are great in Riches with many others Of WESTPHALIA COntiguous on the North of Hessen lies the Circle of Westphalia a Country full of Woods which nourish many Swine which make excellent Bacon and abounding as plentifully in other places with Corn. This Country is divided amongst the Ecclesiasticks Counts and Imperial Cities The Bishops are 1. Munster a City seated on the River Ems Monasterium ol Minigrado Miningrade built by Charles the Great In the year 1533 called New Jerusalem by the Anabaptist and their King John of Leyden King of Sion who being at last besieged and taken was put on the top of a Steeple in an Iron Cage where he was eaten up by Flies and Wasps together with two of his Companions 2. Of Padeborn or Paderborn incolis of a miraculous Foundation 3. Minden Minda once a Bishoprick but now setled upon the Marquess of Brandenburg with the Title of Prince by Munster-Treaty as also is Ferden 4. Of Osnabruck or Osenbrug Osnabrugum seu Osnabrucum so made 776. a Carolo Magno The alternate possession whereof is given to the Duke of Brunswick for his Cession of his Bishoprick of Halberstat The chief Counts of Westphalia are first of East-friezland who in the year 1653 was raised to the Dignity of Prince whose Seat is at Aurick or Auricum 2. The Counts or Prince of Oldenburg Delmenhorst are totally extinguished by the death of Anthony Gunther in the year 1656. However famous in that the Kings of Denmark are descended from it ever since Christian Earl of Oldenburg was chosen King of Denmark Ann. 1448. 3. Of
Brennoburgum a Bishops See and the first Seat of the Marquisses giving Name to the Country The Metropolis of the New is Francfurt Francofurtum ad Oderam a University 1506 enjoying a pleasant Situation among Corn-fields and Viney-downs so that Ceres and Bacchus seems both enamoured of it Berlin Berlinum seated in the midst of the Province is the place of the Prince Electors Residence Costrinum Costriin Custrin Kustrin is a very strong Fortress said never yet taken Havelburg is the Seat of a Bishop Besides this Marquisate whereunto the Electoral Dignity is annexed there belongs to this Prince the Dutchy of Prussia in Poland The Dutchy or moiety of Pomerania The Reversion of the Dutchy of Magdeburg The Dutchy of Cleves and Earldom of Mark The Principalities of Halberstat in Brunswick and Minden in Westphalia which he had in lieu of his Resignation of the Higher Pomerania to the Swede The Dutchy of Crossen and Lordship of Pregnitz in Silesia The Jurisdiction of Cotbuss or Cotwis and other Towns in Lusatia or Laussnitz The Branches of this Family are the Marquisses of Cutembach and Onspach Of Pomerania or Pomeren POmerania lies extended all along the shore of the Baltick Sea divided into the Upper and Lower Pomeren now Royal and Ducal Pomerania the first belonging to the Swedes the latter to the Elector of Brandenburg A Country plain populous and abundantly fruitful in Corn Pasturages Honey Butter Wax and Flax. Chief Places in Pomerania Royal are Stettin Stetinum memorable for its brave Siege and as brave defence in the year 1676. when taken from the Swedes since restored again 2. Wollin when Julinum a flourishing Emporium Anno 1170. sacked by Waldemarus King of Denmark 3. Gripswald a noted University 4. Wolgast over against the Isle Vsedom 5. Straelsundt alias Sundis a well Traded Empory over against the Isle Rugen Chief Places in Ducal Pomeran are Camin a Bishops See over against the Isle Wollin Colberg at the mouth of the River Persandt Coslin upon the River Radnie Newgâ—rten upon the Hamersbeck Stargard upon the Ina. Rugenwal upon the Wipper are all considerable Towns. This shall suffice for the Higher Saxony or the Eighth Circle of the Empire come we next to that of the Lower Saxony which contains Of the Dutchy of Mecklenburg MEckelburgiensis sive Megalopolitani Ducatus lies next to Pomerania along the Coast of the Baltick Sea of a fruitful Soil and rich in Corn. The Princes or Dukes whereof are now divided into two Branches the chiefs whereof make their Residence at Suevin or Schwerin and at Gusteen or Gustrow and have now each of them a moiety of the Dutchy and are said to be derived from the Vandal Princes However in the late German Wars the Emperor made these Princes feel the weight of his indignation giving their Lands to Wallestein a Silesian Gentleman a great Captain indeed and renowned Soldier who by a strange Ingratitude and Devilish ambition came to a miserable end the Duke of Biron and the Earl of Essex had such like designs and as Tragical Catastrophies Nevertheless they reentred into it by the Arms of the Great Gustavus their Cousin-German 1631. And tho Munster-Treaty took Wismar yet gave them in Exchange the Bishopricks of Ratzeburg and Suerin turned into Principalities Other chief places are Wismar Wismaria a Hans-Town and noted Port upon the Baltick founded out of the Ruins of the great and ancient City of Mecklenburg or Megalopolis Anno 1240. taken by the Elector of Brandenburg 1676 from the Swedes but restored again 2. Rostock Rosarum Vrbs Rhodopolis a Hans-City noted Port large rich and well Traded a University founded Anno 1415. Come we next in course to Holstein which is under the Homage and right of the Empire but being in possession of the House of Denmark we shall refer its Description to that Kingdom and speak of the Dutchies of Brunswick and Lunenburg Of the Dutchies of Brunswick and Lunenburg THIS was a part of the ancient Dukedom of Saxony till the Proscription of Henry Sirnamed the Lion by the Emperor Frederick Barbarosa but by the Mediation of Henry the Second King of England his Father-in-law being reconciled unto the Emperor had the Cities of Brunswick and Lunenburg with their Countries restored unto him afterwards erected into a Dukedom by the Emperor Frederick the Second whose posterity enjoyed these Dukedoms jointly till the year 1430. when they were divided between William the Victorious who had the Title of Brunswick and his Uncle Bernard who had the Title of Lunenburg and in their posterity both these Dutchies do still continue Of Brunswick al. Brunswigensis Appiano The South and East parts towards Hessen c. swell with Woody Mountains and Hills parts of the ancient Hercinian the Northern part more plain and fruitful in Corn and other Commodities Chief Places are Brunswiick al. Braunswyck Brunsviga the Tulisurgiam of Ptol. teste Appiano upon the River Oacer and one of the chief Hans-Towns containing about seven miles in compass fair populous and strongly fortified with a double Wall peopled with industrious Inhabitants jealous of their Liberty Governed in manner of a Free Estate held under the right of the Princes It s chief Trade is in Hides and Mum. 2. Goslar Gâ—slaria a Town Imperial 3. Wolfenbuttel a very strong Castle and the Residence of the Dukes of Brunswiick where is a famous Library within these Territories were also included the Principality of Halberstat now under the Elector of Brandenburg and the Bishoprick of Hildersheim the Abbey Quedelnburg whose Abbatess was sometimes Princess of the Empire now subject to the House of Saxony Hannover is the Seat and Title of another Branch of the Dukes of Brunswick whose Duke is a Catholick in whose Territories are Calemburg Grubenhagen Gottingen and Hamelen where the Inhabitants keep the Records of the famous Piper who in 1284. drew the Boys of the Town into a Cave who were never after heard of Lunaeburgensis Ducatus Hertzogthumb Lunenbourg incolis Dutche de Lunebourg Gallis The Country is plain the Air sharp and healthful and the Soil fruitful The chief Town is Lunenburg Lunaeburgum upon the River Vlme now one of the Six Hans-Towns large populous and adorned with fair Buildings whose chief Trade is in Salt. Cell or Zell is the Residence of the Dukes Of Bremen Episcopatus Bremensis THIS Diocess or Arch-Bishoprick of Bremen is a Country whose extreme parts along the Elbe and Weser are very fertile for Corn and Pasturages the more inner parts wild and barren Bremen an Arch-Bishops Sea gives name to the Country it is seated upon the right side of the Weser large populous rich and well Traded and strongly fenced and is famous for its Art of dressing Leather and Cloth and for their Fish Stada Stadt a noted Hans-Town accounted the most ancient in Saxony and once the Staple of the English Merchant-Adventurers now the place where the Ships pay Tole strongly fortified Bremersforde a Castle and Village where the Arch-Bishop
of a Channel which Drusus formerly made stands Deventer Daventria Davontria a Capital City being a famous Passage over the Yssel first taken by the Earl of Leicester for the States And in Drent stands Coeverden Coverdia one of the most Regular Pentagons in Europe And Zwol the Suvolla of old Friesland Frissia affords good and strong Horses and Cattel of an excessive bigness It has been Governed by Princes and Dukes and as they say by Kings too who kept their Courts at Staveren Stauria Franiker Franicheria is an University Leuwarden Levardia Leovardum has a Parliament and Dockum Docum the Admiralty of the Province Schelling Schellingia is a small Island upon the Coast wherein are several Towers that give Signals to Vessels Groeningen that has the last Voice in the Assembly of the States-General has but two Cities Groeningen Groninga and Dam Damum Groningen is of that consequence by reason of its Situation on the Frontiers that the Duke of Alva had designed a Cittadel there In the year 1672. the Bishop of Munster not able to take that City yet took several other Towns from the Dutch. The Province is full of Pasturage which affords good stuff for firing The chief Commodities of the Natural growth of these Provinces are Butrer and Cheese the rest being Manufacturies which they make out of such Materials as they fetch out of other Countries But the Commodity that hath been of greatest Advantage to them is Fish and that not caught upon their own Coast neither Their Herring-Trade by computation is worth 450000 l. per Annum And that of Cod-fish 150000 l. Sterling Yearly Generally the people are inclined to Navigation and a Sea-faring Life and many being Born on Shipboard and bred up at Sea know no other Country so that their Natural inclination and necessity of employing themselves that way hath exceedingly increased their Shipping so that 't is thought they are Masters of more Ships and Vessels of all forts than almost all Europe besides But that which is the just Admiration of all Men these Seven Provinces are become greater and more potent than Seventeen in riches and power Nay they have out-done some of the greatest Princes in Europe Their Cities are many and splendid and yet there are more Sects among them than Cities and almost as many Creeds as Heads yet so Wise in their Meetings as never to Discourse of Religion Their Country in general for its Dimensions is fullâ—r of People Cities Towns Castles Forts Bulwarks c. for Military Defence than any one Country in Europe Their Naval Forces prodigious befitting Wonders rather than Words even a terrour to the great Princes of the World. For their Trade it far exceeds that of the Neighbouring Princes and in the Oeconomy of it much more prudently managed To every Town they Assign some Staple Commodity as to Dort the German Wines and Corn to Middleburgh the French and Spanish Wines to Rotterdam formerly now to Dort the English Cloth To Harlem Knitting and Weaving c. which maketh their Towns so equally rich and populous One Miraculous Accident I must not forget because mentioned by all Writers viz. That Margaret Sister to Earl Floris the 4th being about 42 years of Age brought forth at one Birth 365 Children half Males half Females the odd one a Hermaphrodite they were all Christened by Guido Suffragan to the Bishop of Vtrecht in two Basons which are yet to be seen at the Church of Lasdunen the Males John the Females Elizabeths immediately after they all died and their Mother also Of the SPANISH Netherlands The Spanish PROVINCES vulgo FLANDERS by Robert Mordon at the Atlas in Cornhil THESE Provinces are so called because Subject to the Monarchy of Spain It carries also the Name of Flanders from that Province which is the fairest the richest and the best Peopled part Of these Spanish Provinces four are Frontiers of France the Counties of Flanders Artois Hainault and the Dutchy of Luxemburgh Five in the middle viz. The Dukedom of Brabant the Marquisate of the Holy Empire the Signory of Malines the County of Namur and the Dutchy of Limburgh There are also two Feifs of the Empire the Bishoprick of Leige and the Arch-Bishoprick of Cambray The Kings of Spain were once Masters of these Provinces and for the preservation thereof have expended a good part of their Gold and Silver brought from the Indies in the Wars they maintained against the Dutch and French. The County of Flanders Flandria Latinis Vlaenderen by the Inhabitants Flandre French Flandes Spaniards Flandra Italians is so full of People that it seems to be but one great City and the loveliest County in Christendom All along the Coast lie banks of Sand that cover very Rich places In the Neighbouring Sea are several Sands and Shelves nevertheless Ships Ride there safe enough It formerly was divided into Dutch Flanders Gallican Flanders and Imperial Flanders This belonged sometimes unto the Kingdom of West France and held by the Princes thereof under the Fief of this Crown quitted unto Philip the Second King of Spain and to the Heirs of the House of Burgundy by Henry the Second King of France and the League of Cambray In Flanders the principal places are Gaunt Bruges Ipres and Lille Gaunt Gandaurum Ghendt Gand by the French is one of the biggest Cities of Europe But though it have several Rivers that still bring a Trade to it yet has it not the five and thirty thousand Families that Anciently it had when it was able to Arm four and twenty thousand Men. 'T is famous for the birth of Charles the Fifth and of John Duke of Lancaster commonly called John of Gaunt Bruges Brugae is the best Built in the Province and the Citizens are the handsomest and most Gentile in all the Low-Countries The Spaniards who had the Channel of this City stopped up by the taking of Sluce have some few years since made another able to receive Vessels of four hundred Tun. Ostend Ostenda is a Town whose Haven they can never block up and which was once the Theater of War when it held out a Siege for above three years being Garisoned by the English and under Sir Horatio Vere who was then Governour thereof at which Siege the Spaniards are said to have lost one hundred thousand men Ypres has so many Channels and conveyances of Water under ground that it is said the Foundations are of Lead Lille Insula Gal. L'Isle Incol Ryssel or Ter Issel upon Dole the Capital of Walloon-Flanders is one of the best in the Low-Countries by Reason of its Wealth and Commerce All the other places of Flanders are generally considerable either for their Beauty or for their Fortification for eminent Sieges or Remarkable Battels Tournay Tornacum Dornick Baganum of Ptol. Civit. Turnacensium of Ant. an Ancient City is fair great strong rich and well Peopled This was the first Town that submitted to the King of France after a formal Siege
said but towards the Sea generally fertile and full of Pasturage The Principal Rivers of the 17 Provinces are the Rhine the Meuse and the Scheld The Rhine rises in Switzerland running chiefly through Germany After it has divided it self at Fort Schenk as it enters into the Low-Countries it mixes with several other Rivers and loseth its Name in the Sand a little below Leyden in Holland The Meuse which falls out of France and Lorrain has this Advantage above the Rhine that she retains her Name and preserves her Waters unmix'd till she fall into the Ocean where she makes several good Ports The Scheld was formerly the Limits between France and the Empire in the time of Charles the Bald. At Gaunt the Lis a Navigable River falls into it and before it wholly loseth its Name it divides it self into two principal Arms of which the Left which they call the Hout and the Right which flows to Tolen falls into the Meuse Besides these Rivers and those that fall into them there are Cuts Channels and Marshes which serve the Inhabitants both for Traffique and Defence Of France FRANCE FRance Anglis Francia Italis Hispanis Franckreich Germanis Alfrangua Turcis Gallia Caes Plin. c. The first Inhabitants of France were the Ancient Gauls who passing the Alps under the Conduct of Bellovesus Conquered the nearest parts of Italy called Gallia Cisalpina and under that of Segovesus over-ran the greatest part of Germany The same Nation under the Command of Brennus discomfited the Romans at the River Allia sacked the City and Besieged the Capitol These were the Men who ransacked Illyricum Pannonia Thrace and Greece and Plundered the Temple of Delphos But at last were totally subdued by Julius Caesar but not without much difficulty for they did not then sell their Liberty at so cheap a rate as other Nations did 1192000 of them being slain before they would submit to the Roman Yoak by whom the Country was divided into four parts viz. Narbonensis or Bracata containing Languedoc Dolphin and part of Savoy 2. Aquitanica from the City Aqua Augusta now D' Acque comprehending Gascoign Guienne Saintonge Limosin Querci Perigort Berry Bourbonnois and Aurergne 3. Celtica containing the Provinces of Bretagne Normandy Anjou Tourain Maine La Beause the Isle of France part of Champagne the Dukedom of Burgundy and the County of Lionoise 4. Belgica containing Picardy the remainder of Champagne Burgundy and the Spanish Netherlands Long it stood not in this state for about the year 400 Honorius being Emperour the Goths having over-run Spain and Italy sent part of their Forces and subdued Gallia Narbonensis calling it Langue de Goth afterwards corruptly Languedoc Then extending their Conquest unto the River Ligeris now Loire they founded a Kingdom the principal Seat whereof was at Tholouse About the same time the Burgundiones or Burgundians a people that Inhabited part of the Country of the Cassubii and part of the Country of the Marquisate of Brandenburg together with the Vandalls and Sueths seized upon other parts of France and constituted a Kingdom called Burgundy comprehending both the County and Dutchy of Burgundy the County of Lionoise Daulphine Savoy and Provence whose chief City was Arelate now Arles About the same time also the Franks a German Nation having passed the Rhine seized upon the adjacent Territories of France where founding a Monarchy under their first King Pharamond al. Waramond gave it the Name of France France lies excellently compact together between the most Flourishing States of Christendom and in the middle of the Northern Temperate Zone where the Inhabitants breathe a most serene and healthy Air. In short it is Rich Fertile and well Peopled there being reckoned in it about 4000 good Towns and Cities It s Length from Calais to Toulon is about 620 miles 73 to a degree the Breadth from Brest to the Borders of Lorrain or from Baione to Nice in Piedmont is not more than 492 miles I well know all other Authors falsely makes it much more Most of her Cities are equal to Provinces and most of her Provinces are equal to Kingdoms Her Corn her Wine her Salt her Linnen Cloth her Paper and several Manufactures inrich the Inhabitants The Limits and Bounds of this Kingdom have been various at present saith a French Geographer the Kings Conquests cannot be bounded dâ—dâ— not by the Rhine nor by the Ocean nor by the Pyreneans nor by the Alps. And those that are not altogether strangers to the world will acknowledg that of all the Kingdoms of Europe there are none but may be said to be inferior to France in some respect or other The greatness of its Territories the populousness of iâ— the number of their Nobility and Gentry their natural Courage with the advantage of their Military Actions and Warlike Exercises the Situation of their Country the fruitfulness and riches of the Soil the prodigious quantity of all Commodities and Manufactures and the great Revenues of their Kings These Advantages have in all Ages raised in them aspiring thoughts of the Erection of a new Western Empire And how far this present King has gone by his Acquisitions of late years the rest of the Princes of Europe may consider of The Kingdom is Hereditary and by an Ancient Constitution as they pretend called the Salique Law never falls into a Female Succession And by the Law of Apennages the younger Sons of the King cannot have partage with the Elder The King 's Eldest Son is called the Dauphin The Monarchy which has stood ever since the year 420 hath been upheld by the three Royal Races of Marovinian Carolinian and Capetine in a Line of 65 Kings Pepin the short Son of Charles Martel deposed Childerick the last of the Merovignian Line the Pope approving and confirming of it About the 918 Hugh Capet Earl of Paris outed the Caroline Family Since this Capetine Race has gone in three Families first in a direct Line till 1328. then in the House of Valois till Henry the Fourth of the House of Bourbon Anno 1589. Among other Titles the King hath that of Most Christian and Eldest Son of the Church bestowed upon him by the Pope The Arms have been Three Flower-de-luces Azure in a Field Or ever since Charles the Sixth The Christian Religion was here first planted by Martialis among the Gauls but among the French by Remigius in the time of Clovis the Great At present the people are divided some following the Roman others the Reformed Religion which have occasioned two several Massacres viz. that of Merindol and Chabrieres 1545. upon the Borders of France and Savoy the other that at Paris 1572. and now this late Persecution The Kingdom is composed of three Orders or Estates the Clergy the Nobility and Commons There are 16 Arch-Bishops 106 Bishops besides those of Arras Tournay and Perpignan 16 Abbats Heads of Orders or Congregations about 50000 Curateships besides many other Ecclesiastical Dignities Several general and particular Governments 12 Ancient
Peerships and divers of new Creation a great number of Principalities Dukedoms Marquisates Earldomes Baronies and other Lordships Eleven Parliaments eight Chambers of Accounts 22 Generalities or Publick places of Receipt of the Kings Revenue There are four Principal Rivers the Seine whose Water is accounted the strongest in the World and more wholesome to drink than Fountain-water The Loire King of the French Rivers the Garonne most Navigable and the Rhone or Rosne most rapid By others thus Characterized the Loire the sweetest the Rhone the swiftest the Garonne the greatest and the Seine the richest The Seine riseth in Burgundy watering Paris and Roan disburdening it self into the English Channel The Sequana of Caesar The Loyre riseth about the Mountains of Avergne being the highest in France watering Nantes and Orleance and augmented with 72 lesser Rivers mingleth its sweet Waters in the Biscain or Gascogne Sea. The Ligeris of Caesar The Rhone or Rhosne springeth up about three miles from the Head of the Rhine watering Lions Avignon c. and taking in 13 lesser Rivers falleth into the Mediterranean Sea near Arles The Rhodanus of Caesar The Garone running from the Pyrenean Hills glideth by the Walls of Bourdeaux and Tholouse and with the addition of 16 other Rivers dilates it self into the Aquitain now Biscain Ocean The Garumna of Caesar The Mountains by Ancient Authors were the Gebâ—nna by Caesar Cammani Ptol. Ital. running along by Languedâ—c Chevennes and Avergne now les Sevennes The Jura Caes Jurassus Ptol. which divideth the French County from Savoy and the Swisses now called by several Names The Vogesus almost Encircling Lorrain and dividing it from Alsatia and Bourgondie now Dauge Mons c. There are several Divisions of France which respect the Church the Nobility the Courts of Justice and the Finances But it suffices here to say that the general state of the Kingdom was held Anno 1614 after the Majesty of Lovis the XIII and that then all the Provinces met under 12 great Governments Four of these Governments lie toward the North upon the Seine and those other Rivers that fall into it viz. Picardy Normandy the Isle of France and Champagne Towards the middle adjoyning to the Loire Bretagne Orlenoise Bourgogne Liâ—nnoise The other four toward the South near the Garonne viz. Guienne Languedoc Dauphine and Provence Under the Orlenoise is comprehended Maine Perche and Beauce On this side of the Loire Nivernois Tâ—uraine and Anjâ—u above the said River beyond it Poiciou Angoumois and Bâ—rry Burgundy hath Brest Under Lionnois are comprehended Lionnois Auvergne Bourbonnois and Marche Under Guienne is Bearne Gascogne and Guienne it self Saintonge Perigort Limâ—sin Querci and Rovergue Under Languedâ—c is Cevennes In each of these Governments are several great Cities the chief of which I shall speak of in Order viz. In Picardy the Storehouse of Paris for Corn is 1. Calais called by Caesar Portus Tecius Portus Britannicus Morinerum Plin. Prom. Icium Ptol. held by the English near 200 Years being taken by Edward the III. after eleven Months Siege in Anno 1347. and unfortunately lost by Queen Mary 1557. seated opposite to Dover in England from which it is distant about ten Leagues A strong Town of great Importance and accounted the Key of France Not far from Calais at a place called Agincourt was the Flower of the French Nobility taken and slain by King Henry the Fifth of England viz. 5 Dukes 8 Earls 25 Lords 8000 Knights and Gentlemen and 15000 common Soldiers 2. Bulloign Cesoriacum Navale Ptol. Portus Morinorum Plin. Civit. Bononensium Ant. Portus Gessoriacus of Caesar a strong Frontier-Town taken by Henry the VIII of England 1544. at which time the Emperor Maximilian bore Arms under the English Cross 3. Amiens Samarobrina Caes Samarobriga Ptol. Civit. Ambianensis Ant. a Walled Town seated upon the Seine well Fortified with an Impregnable Cittadel built by Henry the IV. But most Famous for its Cathedral so beautified within and adorned without that 't is the fairest and most lovely Structure in the West of Europe 4. St. Quintin Augusta Romanduorum Ptol. Civit. Veromannorum Ant. Quinctinopolis Fanum St. Quinctine in Scriptis Gall. two Leagues from Augusta Veromanduorum now Vermand Baud. Crecie the French Cannae famous for their great Overthrow and the Victory of the English in the Reign of Philip the Sixth A strong Frontier-Town Memorable for the Battel there Anno 1557. where King Philip the II. of Spain with the English under the Command of the Earl of Pembroke overthrew the whole Forces of the French. Laon a Bishops Sea whose Bishop is one of the Twelve Peers of France Laudunum Ant. Soissons Augustata Vessonum Ptol. a Bishops See the last place the Romans held in Gaul driven out by Clovis the Fifth 5. Guise of most Note for the Dukes of Guise a Family that in a little time produced two Cardinals and six Dukes besides many Daughters married into the best Houses of France In Normandy formerly Neustria are 1. Rouen or Roan Rothamagus Ptol. Rotomagentium Ant. seated on the Banks of the River Seine over which there is a Famous Bridge of Boats. Taken by Henry the Fifth after six Months Siege where were famished 50000 and 12000 Starvelings turned out of the Town An Arch-Bishops See and Parliament In the Chief Church called Nostre-Dame is the Sepulchre of John Duke of Bedford It is a place of as great a Trade as any in France and one of the Principal Cities where Exchanges are used 2. Dieppe a City of some Trade being a common Landing-place for the English in their Passage into France And is famous for its fidelity and allegiance to Henry the Fourth when the Guisian Faction in derision called him King of Dieppe 3. Falaise once a strong Town Memorable for the Story of Arlet the Skinners Daughters of whom Duke Robert begat William the Conqueror in spight to whom and disgrace to his Mother the English call Whores Harlots Here also was the Roy d' Juidot and Verneil when besieged by Philip the Second of France King Richard the First of England to keep his promise broke through the Palace of Westminster and raised the Siege Haure de Grace Newhaven by the English in Latin Franciscopolis a Cautionary Town to Queen Elizabeth Portus Gratiae of old Auranches Ingena Ptol. Civit. Abrincantum Ant. Constances Constantia Ant. Cherbourg Caesaris Burgum a strong Sea-coast Town Bayeux Cit. Bajocassium Ant. Caen Cadomum graced with a University founded by King Henry the Fifth King of England and the Abbey with the Tombs of William the Conqueror and Maud his Wife Lyseux Cit. Lexoviorum Ant. Eureux Mediolanum Ptol. c. The third Government is the Isle of France whose City is Paris formerly Lutetia because seated in a Clayie Soil A City that for its Riches Power and Number of Inhabitants may contend with any in Europe Seated on the Seine and on a Soil so fertile that no City knows such Plenty 't
delicious part and so well Peopled that for 18 Leagues in Length and 12 in breadth it contains above 130 Monasteries well endow'd 1460 Parishes 5000 Fountains of Spring-water two hundred Stone-Bridges and six Sea-Ports some call it the Delight and Marrow of Spain Porto by the Dutch and by the English Port a Port a City containing about 4000 Houses is a place of great Trade and Braga Braecaria Augusta of Ptol. Bracara of Ant. and Braecae of Plia is renown'd for the several Councils that have been held there and for the pretension of the Arch-Bishop who claims to be Arch-Bishop of all Trales-Montes is stored with Mines and adorn'd with the City of Braganca the Capital of a Dukedom of 40000 Duckets Revenue wherein there are also fifty little Towns and other Lands which Entitle the Duke of Braganca to be three times a Marquis seven times an Earl and many more times to be a Lord. The Princes of that Name who are now in Possession of the Crown usually Resided at Villa Viciosa and had a Prerogative beyond the Grandees of Spain to sit in publick under the Royal Canopy of the Kings of Spain Beyra is fertile in Rye Millet Apples and Chesnuts Her City of Coimbra formerly the Residence of Alphonsus the first King of Portugal who enjoyed a longer Soveraignty than any Prince since the beginning of the Roman Monarchy attained to faith Heylin Sapores the Son of Misdales King of Persia whose Father dying left his Mother with Child and the Persian Nobility set the Crown on his Mothers Belly before she was quick came short of him by two years is famous for the University and for the Bishoprick which is reckon'd to be worth above a hundred thousand Livres of Annual Rent Estremadura produces Wine Oyl Salt and Honey which the Bees there make of Citron Flowers and Roses her City of Lisbon Oliosippon of Ptol. Olisipon of Ant. Olysippo of Solynus and Olysipo of Pliny a Municipium of the Romans sirnamed Faelicitas Julia the Royal Seat of the Kings of Portugal an Arch-Bishops Sea the Residence of the Vice-Roys a flourishing Empory situated upon five rising Hills upon the right Shore of the River Tagus Tajo incolis about 5 Miles from the Ocean having the advantage of the Ebbing and Flowing of the Sea. It is said to contain 32 Parish-Churches 350 Streets 11000 dwelling Houses 160000 Inhabitants besides Church-men Strangers and Courtiers and with the Suburbs about 7 Miles in compass the Capital City of all the Kingdom one of the fairest richest the biggest and best peopled of Europe The little Town of Belem which is near to it is the Burying-place of many of the Kings of Portugal Santarim is so happy in the great number of Olives that grow round about it that the Natives boast that they could make a River of their Oyl as big as Tagus It was the Scabaliscus of Ptol. the Scabalis of Ant. and Pliny sirnamed Praesidium Julium then a Roman Colony and a juridicial Resort named from St. Irene a Nun of Tomar here martyred and enshrined Setubal the Salatia of Ptol. is well situated and well built and is a Town of good Trade it is the best Haven in all the Kingdom 30 Miles long and 3 broad her Salt-pits and her Wines by what the Portuguezes relate bring a greater Revenue to their King than all Arragon to the King of Spain Alen teio passes for the Granary of Portugal by reason of the Corn which it produces The City of Evora claims the next place in Dignity to Lisbon In the year 1663 the Portuguezes overthrew the Spaniards in a memorable Battel near to this City Elvas is famous for its excellent Oyls and for the Sieges that it has prosperously held out against the Spaniards Ourique is the place where was fought that famous Battel which occasioned the Proclaiming the first King of Portugal Portelegre is a Bishops See Beja is supposed to be the Pax Julia of Plin. and Ptol. Algarve tho small in extent it assumes the Title of a Kingdom and was reunited to the Crown by the Marriage of Alphonsus the 3d with Beatrice of Castile It produces Eggs Olives Almonds and Wines which are very much esteemed and indeed the word Algerbia in the Language of the Moors signifies a fruitful Champaign Chief Towns are Tavila or Tavira the Balsa of Ptol. and Plin. Faro is seated near the Cuncum Promontorium now Capo St. de Maria. Silves is the ancient Ossonaba of Ptol. the Onoba of Mela the Sonoba of Strabo by the Moors Excuba by the Spaniards Estoy by some Estomber Lagus is seated near the Promontorium Sacrum of Strab. and Ptol. now Cape St. Vincent from the Relicks of the Holy Martyr brought from Valentia by the persecuted Christians flying the Cruelty of Abderrahman the first King of the Spanish Moors removed afterwards to Lisbon by King Ferdinand Of Italy ITALIA by Robert Morden at the Atlas in Cornhil London ITaly Anglis Italia Incolis Hispanis Italic Gallis Welschlandt Germanis Wolska Zemia Polonis Vloska Sclavonice called also by the Ancients Ausonia Camesena Oenotria Hesperia Janicula Salevmbrona Saturnia c. once Empress of the then known World still the fairest and most delicious Country of Europe After so long time so many Ages elapsed it is not certainly decided who were her first Inhabitants nor whether some one Nation did plant here after the Confusion of Babel or that it was peopled by little and little as several Nations did arrive 't is equally dubious whether it received its general Name at first or whether particular Parts had first their Appellations 'T is certain that several Nations at sundry times did transport themselves thither from Greece and Peopled all the Sea-Coast said to be Janus An. Mun. 1925. after whom came Saturn out of Creet Evander or Oenotrus out of Arcadia with their followers after them arrived some Trojans under the conduct of Aeneas whose kind entertainment by Latinus King of the Latins occasioned the Wars between him and Turnus King of the Rutuli but after the Romans grew Potent all Italy fell under their Subjection until the time of Honorius after which several barbarous Nations viz. Goths Vandals Herules and the Huns passing the Alps over-ran all Italy and divided it into several Kingdoms And when these were ejected or at least subdued by the Lieutenants of the Emperor Justinan it was once more united to the Empire till the Empress Sophia envying Narsis Honour recalled him from his Government whereupon he opened the Passage of the Country to Albonius King of the Lombards who possessed themselves of that Country calling it by their own Name Longobardia These were at length subdued by Pepin King of France who was called into Italy by the Bishop of Rome After that the Seat of the Roman Empire being fixed in Germany Italy was reduced into several Parcels and Factions so that the Soveraign Princes thereof at this day are 1. The Pope Pontifex Maximus under whose Dominion are these
to transport themselves thither As to the right which the twenty four Proprietors have to this Country it is derived from the Title of the late Sir George Carteret by conveyance from the Earl of Bath and other Trustees joyning with the Lady Carteret and is since granted and confirmed in the year â—â—82 to them their Heirs and Assigns for ever by his present Majesty King James the Second under his Hand and Seal with all the Royalties Powers and Governments thereof The late King Charles the Second was also pleased to approve of the said Grant and Confirmation by publication under his Royal Signet and Sign Manual dated 23d of November 1683. therein and thereby commanding all Planters and Inhabitants within the Limits of the said Province to yield all due Regard and Obedience to the said Proprietors their Deputies Agents c 1686. In this Province are some Noblemen and several Gentlemen of the Scotch Nation interested as well as those of England some of which are gone themselves and Families and are setled there and many hundred others are sent from thence who have made good Farms and Plantations there and sundry persons are concerned in Shares under several of the Proprietors some have half some a quarter others an eighth or tenth Share c. and these have Tracts of Land laid out to them by the Surveyor General according to the proportions of their respective Interest upon their sending over Families and Servants to settle there The Traders in the Towns being furnished with such Goods and Merchandize from England as are proper for those Parts where the â—lanters and Farmers may be supplied with all such necessaries They having good Stocks of Corn and Cattle not only for Commutation at home but for Exportation abroad to other places that want The Town of Newark alone in one year made ready a thousand Barrels of good Cyder out of the Orchards of their own Planting And the Town of Woodbridge above five hundred Barrels of Pork this Province affording Corn and Cattle and other product to ship off to the Caribbe Islands c. to supply those Neighbours who have not that plenty In this Province of East Jarsey is this further encouragement there is such good Provision made for Liberty of Conscience and Property in Estate by the Fundamental Constitutions or great Charter on behalf of all the Inhabitants as Men and Christians that very many from other parts of America as well as from Europe have chosen to go thither to live where they do not only quietly and freely enjoy their Estates but also an uninterrupted freedom in the Exercise of their Religion according to their particular Persuasions Such as desire to Transport Themselves and Families or be otherways concern'd in this Colony may be directed at the Sign of the Star in George Yard in Lombard-street where and when to meet with some of the Proprietors who will give them further Information A New Map of NEW ENGLAND and NEW YORK By Robt. Morden NEw England is a vast Tract of Land happily Situated reaching from forty to forty five Degrees of Northern Latitude in the middle of the Temperate Zone and parallel to some part of Italy in the Eastern Hemispere The Country for many Miles it not Mountainous yet intermixt with pleasant Collines Plains and Meadows For Rivers it hath in its largest extent Delaware River navigable one hundred and thirty Miles Hudsons River Navigable above one hundred Miles Connecticut River Navigable above fifty Miles Marimeck River Pascataway and many others conveniently Navigable and for less Rivers and Brooks you can hardly travel a few Miles without passing one The Soil is fruitful and yields Wheat Rye Pease Beans Barley Oats Indian Corn Flax Hemp and all sorts of English Herbs and excellent Simples proper for the Country For Food it hath Beef Pork Mutton plentiful besides Goats Deer c. For Fish Fowl and good Cyder it excels with good Cellarage to preserve all which is not common in Virginia The South side of their Houses are in many places begirt with Hives of Bees which increase very much For Fruit it hath Apples Pears Plums Quinces Cherries Apricoks Peaches in standing Trees and many sorts of wild Blew Black and White Grapes and their wild white Muscadine Grape makes a pleasant Wine For Timber it hath several sorts of Oak and their white Swamp Oak whereof they have great quantities is esteemed near as tough as any in Europe besides Walnut Ash Pine Cedar c. For Trade they have all sorts of Provisions for the Belly as of Flesh Fish and all Grain as Corn Pease c. And Masts for Ships Deal-boards Iron Tar Bever Moose-skins Furs and some hundred Vessels and Ships of their own and Merchants who disperse their commodities to the West Indies and from thence to England The Country is capable of many other Commodities as Wine Salt Brandy c. When labor grows more cheap by the farther increase of their own Children or purchase of Negros They have many Towns supplied with good Ministers and have two Colleges at Cambridge they train their Youth when past sixteen year old and so make them bold and resolute As to their Government they had fourteen Magistrates and were not to exceed eighteen Assistants by their Patent whereof one is annually chosen Governor and another Deputy-Governor by the People who are jealous of the infringment of their Priviledges For Religion they are Protestants much as Perkins they pray for the King and the English Nation and for the Protestant Religion throughout the World. As to the Weather the old Planters say that fifty years since when the Country was not so much opened by the felling of the Woods they had much more heat in Summer and more cold in Winter then they had since and that they find the Winters still lessen as the Country is more opened Their Winter begins in December and commonly ends in February The North West Winds blow very keen and sometimes hold forty eight hours After that with the change of the Wind they have moderate Weather So they reckon to have ten or twelve cold days in a Winter which days are colder than in the same Climate in Europe Their Summer is hotter and that heat more certain and yet more tolerable than this of England being moderated and allayed with often Breezes and is very peculiar and agreeable to the Bodies of those of our Nation the Air being most generally serene sweet and exceeding healthy And if any Fogs arise the North West and West Winds do quickly disperse them and the Country sends forth such a fragant smell that it may be perceived ere we make Land. The Metropolis of New England is Boston commodiously seated for Traffick on the Sea-shore a very large and spacious Town or indeed City composed of several well-ordered Streets and adorned with fair and beautiful Houses well inhabited by Merchants and Tradesmen it is also a place of good strength having several Fortifications
undertake it Of Canada or Nova Francia CAnada so called from the River Canada which hath its Fountains in the undiscovered parts of this Western Tract sometimes inlarging it self into greater Lakes and presently contracted into a narrow Chanel with many great windings and falls having embosomed almost all the rest of the Rivers After a known Eastern course of near fifteen hundred Miles it empties it self into the great Bay of St. Lawrence over against the Isle of Assumption being at the Mouth thirty Leagues in breadth and one hundred and fifty fathom deep On the Northside whereof the French following the Tract of the said Cabot made a further discovery of the said Northern parts by the Name of Nova Francia The Country is full of Stags Bears Hares Martins and Foxes store of Conies Fowl and Fish not very fruitful or fit for Tillage the Air more cold than in other Countries of the same Latitude The chief places are Brest Quebeck and Taduosac a safe but small Haven The French Trade here for Bever Mouse-skins and Furs and are said to be about five thousand what discoveries have been made of late years of the Southern parts of this Country may be seen in the Map of Florida c. Nova Scotia COntains that part of Land which the French call Accadie or Cadie being so much of the main Land as lieth between the River Canada and the large Bay called Bay Francoise from the River of St. Croix upon the West to the Isle of Assumption on the East first discovered by Sebastian Cabot who setting sail from Bristol at the charge of King Henry the Seventh made a discovery of it unto the Latitude of sixty seven and a half Which being neglected after this the French planted on the North-side of the River Canada And after that Monsieur du Monts settled on part of that Land called Nova Scotia but in the year 1613 was outed by Sir Samuel Argal And in the year 1621 King James by Letters Patents made a donation of it to Sir William Alexander afterwards Lord Secretary of Scotland calling it Nova Scotia in pursuance of which Grant he in the year 1622 sent a Colony thither And I am informed that it was after by Acts of Parliament annexed to the Crown and Kingdom of Scotland however I think the French have now a Colony at Port Royal and are the only possessors of that Country Of Newfoundland THIS was first discovered by the two Cabots John and his Son Sâ—bastian employed by King Henry the seventh 1497 the business laid aside was afterward revived by Thorn and Elliot two of Bristol who ascribed to themselves the discovery of it and animated King Henry unto the enterprise Anno 1527. In the mean time the French and Portugals resorted to it But the English would not relinquish their pretensions to the Primier Seisin and therefore in the year 1583 Sir Humphrey Gilbert took possession of it in the name of the Queen of England who being Shipwrack'd in his return the sending of a Colony was discontinued till the year 1608 when undertook by John Guy a Merchant of Bristol and in the year 1626 Sir George Calvert Knight then principal Secretary of State afterward Lord Baltimore obtained a Patent of part of Newfoundland which was erected into a Province and called Avalon where he caused a Plantation to be setled and a stately House and Fort to he built at Ferriland 'T is an Island for extent they say equalizing England from whence it is distant about five hundred and forty Leagues situate between the Degrees of forty five and fifty three Northern Latitude and is only severed from the Continent of America by an Arm of the Sea as England is from France It is famous for many excellent Bays and Harbors it hath great plenty of Fish Land and Water Fowl and is sufficiently stockt with Deers Hares Otters and Foxes which yield great Fur it affords stately Trees fit for Timber Masts Planks and other uses The Soil is esteemed fertile the Climate wholsom but the rigor of Winter and excessive Heats of Summer much detract from its praise Before the Island at the distance of twenty Leagues from the Raze lieth a long Bank or Ridge of Ground extending in length about two hundred and forty Leagues in breadth in the broadest place about five and twenty Leagues by Cabot called Bacalaos from the great multitude of Codfish which swarmed there so numerous that they hindred the passage of the Ships and is now called the Grand Bank where our Ships salt and dry their Fish There is no part of Newfoundland more happy for multiplicity of excellent Bays and Harbors than the Province of Avalon and there are vast quantities of Fish yearly caught by the English at Ferriland and at the Bay of Bulls though the whole Coast affords infinite plenty of Cod and Poor John which is grown to a setled Trade and were the English diligent to inspect the advantage of setling Plantations upon the Isle and raising Fortifications for the security of the place they might ingross the whole Fishery Of ICE-LAND ICe Land or the antient Thule supposed by some to be as large as Ireland Our English Masters who have fished there many years give this Account of it That the most Southerly part of it called Ingulf foot is in the Latitude of sixty four Degrees and twenty five Minutes And the most Northerly part is Rag-point in the Latitude of sixty six Degrees and five Minutes whereas our Maps as also the Great Atlas makes the Island above eighty eight Degrees of Nothern Latitude which gross mistake is refuted not only by Observation but also by the Suns continuance two hours above the Horizon in the middle of December in the most Northern part of the Island It is seated North Westerly from the North of Scotland viz. from the Start or Head Land of Orkney to the S. W. Head of Fero is fifty five Leagues and from thence to Ingulf-foot is eighty five Leagues more It hath four remarkable Mountains in it of which Hecla is the most famous which burns continually with a Blew Brimstone-like and most dreadful Flame vomiting up vast quantities of Brimstone and that when it burns with greatest vehemency it makes a terrible rumbling like the noise of loud Thunder and a fearful Crackling and Tearing that may be heard a great way off See more of this in Martineres Northern Voyage page 134. In the Philosophical Transaction Number 103 Dr. Paul Biornonius Resident informs us That it abounds with hot Springs of which some are so Hot that in a quarter of an hours time they will sufficiently boil a piece of Beef Arugreim Jonas tell us It was inhabited by the Norwegians Anno 874 afterwards by the Danes under whose Government and Religion it now is The Island is well peopled but they live only in the Vallies and towards the Sea-shore Their Dwellings are rather Caves than Houses The Inhabitants are said to be a Lusty
the Winter January the fifteenth they perceived so much Light as to read by it February the twelfth they saw the light of the Sun on the tops of the Mountains Those that wintered in Nova Zembla 1â—9 in the seventy six Degree on October the twenty third saw the Sun not fully above the Earth After October the twenty fifth they saw the Sun no more till January the twenty fourth they saw the edge of the Sun above the Horizon These also tells us That in seventy four Degrees the Water was as green as Grass And that at Cherry or Bear Island in the seventy fourth Degree and thirteen Minutes the variation was thirteen Degrees The first we read of that searched for the North-West passage was Martin Frobisher in Anno 1576 with two Barks coming to the Latitude of sixty two Deâ—rees sound a great Inlet of sixty Leagues in length and Main Land on both sides called by him Frobishers Strait He found there a certain Oar which he thought to be Gold and the next year made a Voyage to fetch a quantity of it but it prov'd but black Lead And upon Smiths Isle they found several Stones out of which they melted Gold but in very small quantities They found also a dead Fish of about twelve foot long in shape like a Porpoise having a Horn six foot long growing out of his Snout which is still kept at Winsor In 1583 Sir Humphry Gilbert went to the great River of Saint Lawrence in Canada took possession of the Country and setled a Fishing Trade here In 1585 Mr. John Davis was employed for search of the North-West passage The first Land he came to he called the Land of Desolation then he arrived in Gilberts Sound in the Latitude of sixty four Degrees and sixteen Minutes Thence they went to sixty six Degrees and forty Minutes to Mount Raleigh â—otnes Sound c. In 1586 he made a second Voyage to the same place found amongst the Natives some of Frobishers Oar as also Lapis Specularis Copper Oar as also black and red Copper and returned after search of many places with hopes of discovering the desired Passage So that in the year 1587 he made a third Voyage to seventy two Degrees and twelve Minutes where the Compass varied to eighty two Degrees Westward the Land he called London Coast and there they found an open Sea forty Leagues between Land and Land which he called Fretum Davis In the year 1610 Mr. Hudson proceeded one hundred Leagues further than any before had done and gave names to certain places viz. Desire-Provokes Isles of Godmercie Prince Henrys Cape King James Cape Queen Anns Cape c. but the Ice hindred him from going further and the mutiny of his Men from returning home In 1612 James Hall and with him William Baffin discovered Cockings Sound in the Latitude of sixty five Degrees and twenty Minutes which differ'd from London sixty Degrees and thirty Minutes where James Hall was killed in the Boat by a Native pretending to trade They saw Rocks of pure Stone finer and whiter then Alablaster and Angelica growing plentifully 1615 Baffin was sent again he found Fair-point to differ from London seventy four Degrees and five Minutes and found that there was no passage through Davis Strairs it being only a great Bay. 1626 Baffin went again And in Sir Thomas Smith's Sound their Compass varied fifty six Degrees Westward but finding no passage returned home â—â—â—l Willoughby 1553 in his discovery for North-East passage 〈◊〉 by a large Country by the Westside whereof he sailed for 〈◊〉 days together and therefore could not be a small Island as the Dutch make it We have nothing of the Voyage but those short Notes which were found lying upon his Table after his Death which was that in August the second they parted from Seynam August the fourâ—â—â—â—th they were one hundred and sixty Leagues North Easterly from Seynam that they continued sailing till September the fourteenth where they landed on a Country high Rocky and uninhabited from whence the Cold and Ice forced them to return more Southerly which they did till they came to Arzina a River in Lapland where the next Spring they were found all frozen to death in the Ship. 1556 Steven Burrows who searching a passage by the North-East unto the Indies arrived in â—â—2 Degrees and twenty five Minutes of Longitude seventy six of Latitude and so sailed to eighty Degrees and eleven Minutes and thence to Nova Zembla 1580 Arthur Pet and Charles Jackman sailed all over those Seas And that no Nation but English frequented those Northern Seas till 1578 that a Dutch Ship came to Cola and a year or two after another to Saint Nicholas and that by the encouragement of an English Man that set himself against the Russia Company which was Incorporated in 1553. Afterwards the Dutch crept in more and more and in 1594 they employed Barents and others to find out a passage Barents separating from his Company sailed to the North East of Nova Zembla where he lost his Ship and himself died In the Latitude of seventy four Degrees and thirteen Minutes the variation of the Needle was thirteen Degrees which was at Cherry or Bear Island In 1608 Henry Hudson was sent forth to discover the North Pole who went to eighty two Degrees as did also Thomas Marmaduke of Hull 1612 who saw divers Islands beyond that And in the year 1610 the Company set out the Ship Amity Jonas Pool Commander for Whale fishing who fell upon the Land formerly discovered and called it Greenland and gave names to many of the eminent places viz. Horn-sound where they found a Unicorns Horn as they called it Ice-point Bel-point Black-point Lowns Island Cape Cold Ice-sound Knotty-point Fowl-sound Deer-sound And in Cross Road seventy nine Degrees and fifteen Minutes Latitude the Variation was eighteen Degrees and sixteen Minutes North-West he seised upon the Country to the use of his Masters by setting up a Red Cross and fastning a Writing to it there he made the first Oyl And in 1611 the Company sent out two Ships and six Barques to fish for Whales where the first Whale they killed yielded them twelve Tuns of Oyl In the year 1614 the English set out thirteen great Shipâ— and two Pinnaces well armed and the Dutch eighteen whereof four were Men of War. The English took possession of divers parts of the Country for the King setting up a Cross and the Kings Arms in Lead And the Dutch did the like afterwards in the same places for the Prince of Orange In the year 1615 the King of Denmark sent three Ships Men of War to demand Customs for Fishing upon this Island which was denied and the Island affirmed to belong to the King of England In the year 1616 the Company sent eight Sail of great Ships and this year discovered Edges Island In the year 1617 the English sent out fourteen Ships and two Pinnaces April 24 they set sail from Gravesend and
and Tartars and assaulted Barchan a Palanka opposite to Gran. Since the Battel between Syclos and Mohatz 1687 the chief Places belonging to the Turks in Hungary are Agria Hatwan Gyulla Great VVaradin and Temeswar in the Vpper Hungary Canissa and Albâ— Regalis in the Lower Hungary Of Germany A New Map of GERMANY By Robt. Morden THE Name of Germans is much controverted amongst Authors some think them so called by the Romans who seeing the people so like unto the Gauls called them Germans to the Gauls Others derive it from Ger signifying all and man whence also came the Name of Almaine which some fabulously derive from Alman whom they would have to be the 11th King of the Dutch or Germans Others from the River Atmul by later Writers called Almannus whereunto they should border Others more probably from the Dutch Allensen Mann Signifying all sorts of men or all hardy and valiant The many opinions also and great differences we have found amongst Authors in the Interpretations of the many ancient German Nations makes me at present not to mention them 'T is generally agreed that the Gomerians or Cimbri were the first Inhabitants of Gaul Germany and all the Nations of the North and West of Europe and that the Gauls their Off-spring under their Captain Segovesus victoriously ranged over all Germany from whom have sprung the ancient Inhabitants of this Country Divided they were into several Nations and these also subdivided into lesser Tribes The first Nation of the Germans who made the Romans as well feel their Swords as know their Names were the Cimbri Tentones and Ambrones upon their Invasion of Gaul and Italy who were overcome and Destroyed by Marius After this Caesar upon his Conquest of France having passed the Rhine and provoked the Germans stirred up a tedious War all other Adventures were easie to the daring Romans Nothing could give Check to Caesars Fortune only the Germans who at last were rather Triumphed over than Subdued by their greatest Armies How little was their Progress How inconsiderable were their Acquests after so long a War which continued for more Generations than others lasted Years And indeed some part of Germany viz. that beyond the Elbe and Danube was never so much as Attacqued Endangered once by Drusius in the Reign of Caesar Augustus but freed by the Victory of Arminius and the death of Varus and his Legions neglected afterwards as a people unconquerable or not worth the conquering Towards the wain of the Roman Empire the Names of the ancient Inhabitants by little and little worn out and quite extinguished through their Fights and Butcheries amongst themselves their Transmigrations into foreign Countries their affection and union into new Names and the Fleetings and Invasions of the Sarmatians and more Eastern people Germany became confounded and peopled with thirteen for the most part differing Names of the Saxons Almans French Thuringiens Boioarians Huns Lombards Avares Hungarians Danes Norwegians Suethide or Sclaves whose Original fortunes Kingdoms and States issuing from them I must refer for a larger Treatise of Geography if God permit But the fatal period of the Roman Empire drawing on apace the Franks Burgundians Almains and other German Nations break through their Guards dispossess the Romans of all Gaul Rhetia and Noricum till in the end the French prevailing over the rest extend their Empire over all the Modern Germany chiefly by the Valour of Charles the Great created Emperor of the West part of France and Germany Afterwards in the time of Lodovicus Pius the Son of Charles the Great Empire of his Father was parcelled out into many parts viz. Italy France Burgundy Lorrain and Germany amongst his Sons and Nephews with the Title of Kings by which means the Kingdoms of Lorrain and Germany United in the Person of Lewis the Ancient were aliened from the French and possessed by the great Princes of Lorrain Saxony Suabia and Bavaria As also by them dismembred into many Principalities and Inferior States all passing under the Name of Alman or Germans Germany is now bounded on the East with Poland and Hungary on the West with France Switzerland and the Seventeen Provinces on the North with the Baltick Sea and Denmark and on the South with the Alps which part it from Italy The length whereof from East to West viz. from the Borders of Lorrain to Poland is 766 miles the breadth from North to South viz. from the Baltick Sea to the Southermost part of Tyrol is 657 miles of the same Measure viz. 73 to a degree 'T is situate in the Northern Temperate Zone the longest day in the Southern parts being 15 hours and an half in the most Northern 17 hours and a Quarter 'T is a spacious Country and very Populous the People of strong Constitution of a good Proportion and Complexion very ingenious and stout much given to Drink but of an Honest Noble Nature The poorer sort great pains-takers and the Nobles either stout Souldiers or good Scholars The Women are of good Complexion but corpulent good Bearers and fruitful Breeders The Title of the Father descends to their Children so that every Son of a Duke is a Duke and every Daughter of a Dutchess is a Dutchess whence it follows that the Nobility being too much multiplied is no less impoverished The Language here generally spoken is the High-Dutch a Language very Ancient and hath less commixture with the Latin than any which is used in these Western parts No Country in the World is either better Planted with goodly Cities or more Pleasant and Healthful A Country abounding with Mines of Silver and other Metals plentiful in Corn Wines Salt Flesh Linnen Quick-silver Allom Saffron Armour and Iron-works The Germans are excellent Mechanicks eminent for Water-works Chymistry and Printing Memorable is the story of Regiomontanus's Wooden Eagle that flew a quarter of a mile to meet the Emperor Maximilian but especially famous is this Region for the two Grand Inventions of the latter Ages viz. That fatal Instrument the Gun first found out by Bertholdus Swart a Frier The Mystery of Printing first discovered by a Soldier The Religion of this Country is divided into Papists and Protestants the latter again divided into Lutherans and Calvinists About the year 1250 the Empire being greatly distracted into many Factions each Faction chose a King of the Romans or Emperor The Empire thus fluctuating for about twenty years The Princes met at Quidlinburg and made a League of Defence together and meeting at Francfort they chose Radolphus Earl of Hapsburg in the year 1270 who gaining Austria and other Territories adjacent was the first Arch-Duke of Austria about 1280. About the year 1500 the State of Burgundy which comprehended also the Low-Countries was by Marriage with the Heiress thereof added to the House of Austria About the same time under Maximilian the First the publick Courts of Judicature called the Imperial Chamber the Supream Tribunal and Appeal of Justice was fixed at Spire and