King Edward's Assistance recovers it and does him Homage and swears Fealty for it 1333. And now there happening some disgust between him and Philip de Valois King of France he bethinks himself of his Title to thâ— Crown in right of Isabel his Mother 〈◊〉 which the Banishment of Robert de Artois by King Philip his Brother who fled for safety to him gave him a fair Opportunity Nor was he wanting to it for he not only receiv'd him joyâ—ully but made him Earl of Richmend and of his Council 1336. which he liv'd not long to enjoy for after six years serving him in France he was wounded at the Siege of Vanner and brought to England where he died 1342. The Year following he instituted the Order of the Garter and created his eldest Son Edward Prince of Wales In July 1346. he enters Normandy with a mighty Army and takes the Prince with him who not full Sixteen fought the Battel of Cressy in Picardy on St. Bartholomew's Day the same Year and obtain'd so great a Victory that Callice was forthwith besieg'd and surrender'd Aug. 3. 1347. On which the King took the Title and Arms of France and return'd for England where the Prince Electors signifie to him That they had chosen him King of the Romans which he refused In the Year 1356. the Prince goes over again fights the Battel of Poictiers in Poictou and takes John the French King Prisoner Septemb 19. the same Year Returns for England brings the said King with him whence he was not deliver'd 'till 1360. at what time an Accord had been made on his behalf at Britigny near Chartres During this Cessation with France the Prince of Wales accompanied with his Brother John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster relieves Peter King of Castile and Leon expuls'd by his Bastard-Brother Henry and restor'd him 1367. But little of the Accord with France being perform'd the King upon his return sends the Prince into Acquitain and in a short time the said Duke John and his younger Brother Edmond Earl of Cambridge to aid him to whom his Health failing him he left the profecution of the War and return'd himself 1371. Nor did his Brother John much after him save that coming for England he by reason of the Prince's sickness wholly manag'd his aged Father which being taken notice of by some of the Prince's Friends he is banâ—â—â—'d the Court Not long after which the Prince died 1375 being the Forty ninth of his Father's Reign and Forty sixth of his Age. His Wise was Joan Daughter of Edmond Earl of Kent his Father's Brother by whom he had 1. Edward born at Angoulesm and died young 2. Richard born at Bourdeaux who succeeded his Grandfather As also two Natural Sons 1. Sir John Sounder 2. Sir Reger Clarendon put to death by Henry IV. for endeavouring the Restauration of his said Brother Richard 1402. And now after the Prince's death the Duke of Lancaster came in play again and openly favour'd John Wickliffe to the great disturbance of the State and therefore lest he might do by Richard of Bâ—urdeaux as Earl John had done by his Nephew Arthur the King providently setled the Succession in Parliament upon the said Richard creating him first Earl of Cheste and Câ—rnwal and then Prince of Wales and died June 21. 1377. in the Sixty fourth Year of his Age and Fiftieth of his Reign He had to Wise Philippa of Haynault who bore him Have Daughters 1. Isabel married to Ingelram Lord of Coueâ— Earl of Sâ—â—â—â—â—ns and Bedford afterwards Archduke of Austria 2. Joan to Alphonso II. of Castile by Proxy but die before it was consummated 3. Mary to John Menserd Duke of Bretagne 4. Margaret to John Hastings Earl of Pembrâ—â—â— but died without Issae 5. Also another Daughter Blanch who died young And seven Sons 1. Edward surnamed The Black Prince of whom before 2. William surnamed Of Hatfield the Place of his Birth He died young 3. Lionel born at Antwerp 1338. made Earl of Ulster in Ireland in right of his Wise Elizabeth Daughter of William Burgh Earl of Ulster with whom also he had the Honour of Clare in the County of Thoumond in that Kingdom and thence created Dake of Clarence She brought him one Daughter only Philippa married to Edmond Mortimer Eail of March Mother of Reger Earl of March Father of Anne Countess of Cambridge Grandmother of King Edward IV. 4 John surnamed Of Gaunt where he was hom 1342. Created Duke of Lancaster 1352. He had three Wives 1. Blanch Daughter and Heir of Henry Earl of Lancaster Son of Edmond Crouch back youngest Son of King Henry III. as before by whom he had Henry of Bullenbrook Earl of Derby who usurp'd upon Richard II. and was the first of the Lancastrian Kings His second Wise was Constance eldest Daughter of Peter King of Castile and Leon in whose Right he bore the same Title and had by her Catharine whose Posterity became Kings of Spain in her Right His third Wife was Catharine Widow of Sir Hugh Swinford an English Knight eldest Daughter and Co heir of Pain Red Guien King at Arms her younger Sifter married Sir Jeoffry Chaucer the English Laureat He had by her before Marriage several Children surnamed De Beaufort from a Castle of his in France of that Name where they were born In regard of which they gave a Portcullis for their Cognisance and were all of them legitimated in Parliament 1397. with this Clause nevertheless Excepting the Reg Dignity As 1. John first Knighted and afterwards created Earl of Somerset 1398. 2. Henry afterwards Bishop of Winchester Cardinal of St. Eusebius and Chancellor of England 3. Thomas first created Earl of Dorset 1398. and afterwards Duke of Exeter 1414. 4. And one Daughter Joan first married to Ralph Nevil Baron of Wemm created afterwards the first Earl of West mâ—rland And after him to Robert Ferrers Lord of Owseley 5. Edmond of Langley born 1342. created Earl of Cambridge 1362. Duke of York 1386. He was the first that gave the White Rose and died 1402. His Wife was Isabella youngest Daughter of the said Peter King of Castile by whom he had Richard Plantagenet Earl of Cambridge married to Anne Mortimer Daughter of Roger Earl of March by whom he had Richard Duke of York slain at the Battel of Wakefield 1460. Father of 1. Edward Duke of York who recover'd the Crown from King Henry VI. 2. George Duke of Clarence 3. Richard Duke of Gloucester afterwards King 6. William of Windsor who died young 7. Thomas of Woodstock a Man valiant and wise He was created Earl of Buckingham 1376. then Duke of Gloucester by Richard II. and at last treacherously made away some say strangled at Callice 1397. XII Richard II. born at Bourdeaux 1367. succeeded his Grandfather and was Crown'd July 16. 1377. in the 11th Year of his Age. The Care of him was first committed to certain Bishops and Earls and lastly to Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick 1379. In the Year 1382.
born Feb. 11. 1466. design'd Wife to George Nevil Duke of Bedford promised afterwards to the Dauphin courted by her Uncle King Richard III. but at last married to King Henry VII 2. Cecilia to the Viscount VVells and after his decease to Kyme of Lincolnshire 3. Anne to Thomas Lord Howard afterwards Earl of Surrey and Duke of Norfolk 4. Bridget born Novemb. 10. 1480. profess'd in the Nunnery of Dartford 5. Mary promised in Marriage to the King of Denmark but died before its Consummation 6. Margaret born April 19. 1472. died in her Infancy 7. Catharine married to the Lord VVilliam Courtney Son to the Earl of Devonshire His Sons 1. Edward Prince of VVales born Nov. 4. 1470. 2. Richard Duke of York and Norfolk Earl of Nottingham and VVarren both murder'd by the procurement of the Duke of Gloucester their Uncle 1483. 3. George Duke of Bedford died an Infant His Natural Issue Arthur to whom he gave the Name of Plantagenet created Viscount Lisle by King Henry VIII 1523. and died 1542. As also one Daughter Elizabeth Plantagenet married to the Lord Lumley XVII Edward V. succeeded his Father in Title though not in the Crown for being not above Thirteen Years of Age at the death of his Father Sir Anthony VVoodvile Lord Rivers his Mother's Brother was appointed Governour to him and with Richard Gray Marquess of Dorset his Half-brother by the Mother sent to conduct him from Ludlow where he then was to London And on this the Duke of Gloucester his Uncle lays the Foundation of his design'd Usurpation and in order to it there having been some secret Grudge between Edward Duke of Buckingham his Creature and VVilliam Lord Hastings then Lord Chamberlain both Enemies of the Queen's he first reconciles them and then rells them how unreasonable it was that the young King their Master should be in the hands of his Mother's Kinred a new Nobility a thing neither Honourable to his Majesty nor them Whereupon it is agreed That they be remov'd as Enemies On this Gloucester and Buckingham meet the King with all Obedience at Stony Stratford and having secur'd the Lord Rivers and Dorset whom they shortly after beheaded at Powfret bring him to London May 4. 1483. the Queen upon hearing what had pass'd having with her younger Son and Daughters taken sanctuary at Westminster On which the Duke of Gloucester is made Protector of the Realm The next device was how to get the young Duke out of his Mother's hands which she as suspecting the design will by no means consent to However at last what with the Assurance of several of the Privy Council for his safety and Threats of forcing the Sanctuary for him he is deliver'd to the Protector who with all seeming joy brings him to the King his Brother into the Bishop of London's Palace at St. Paul's and thence honourably through the City for the King's security as was given out until his Coronation The Protector all along had made his residence near the Tower and having so tangled Buckingham that he could not safely get off he comes to the point with him on which it is agreed between them That the Protector should have the Duke's aid to make him King and that the Protector 's Son should marry the Duke's Daughter with a Grant to himself of the Earldom of Hereford which he claimed as his Inheritance but could never obtain it in King Edward's time Whereupon Buckingham undertakes for the City with whom he was not the least popular The King now having his Court in the Tower the Council meet there for ordering the Solemnity of his Coronation which was carried on with such forwardness and the Day appointed for it so near at hand that all Mistrust was visibly set aside 'till the Protector having pump'd the Lord Chamberlain by his Friend Catesby and finding no good to be done on him came into the Council June 13. and knitting his Brows arrested him as a Traitor for that he with his Brother's Wife the Queen had attempted his Life by Sorcery And therewith giving a knock a Guard came in who by the Protector 's Command forthwith carried him out and struck off his Head and severally secur'd the rest of the Council Whereupon sending for some of the Chief of the City he made them a fair Tale How himself and the Duke of Buckingham were to have been destroy'd in Council by a Conspiracy of the Lord Chamberlain's And returns them with an Herauld and a Proclamation in the King's Name to satisfie the People There was at that time one Sir Edmond Shaw Lord Mayor of London who upon promise of advancement had been made to their Party as also one Doctor John Shaw Brother to the Mayor and Doctor John Penker Provincial of the Augustine Friars both noted Preachers but of more Fame than either Vertue or Learning And these are the Men must make that Gospel to the People which Catesby had undertaken for Law to the Kingdom And having receiv'd their Instructions accordingly Shaw begins at St. Paul's Cross the Sunday after where upon that Text Spuria Vitulamina c The Bastard-Slips shall not take root he signify'd to the People That not only King Edward IV. and his Brother George Duke of Clarence were not the very Sons of Richard Duke of York but begotten in Adultery on the Dutchess their Mother But that the now King Edward and his Brother Richard Duke of York were both Bastards inasmuch as their Father King Edward IV. at the time that he married the Lady Elizabeth Gray their Mother was precontracted to the Lady Elizabeth Lucy who was his lawful Wife before God Then turning his Discourse to the Protector and his Title render'd him the express Image of the Noble Duke his Father and the very Right Heir of his Body begotten Yet all this took so little with the People that Penker was reserv'd 'till after the Coronation at which time he so lost his Voice that he was forc't to come down in the midst of his Sermon The Tuesday following the Mayor Aldermen and Commoners being assembled in the Guild-Hall the Duke of Buckingham came among them and having rak'd together whatever could be thought of against King Edward IV. and his Government he recapitulated Shaw's Sermon magnified the Protector and his Title to them and concluded from the whole Vae Regno c. Wo to that Realm that hath a Child to its King Neither had this also any effect upon them 'till a pack'd Company at the other end of the Hall throwing up their Bonnets and crying King Richard King Richard the Mayor took it by the end and said it was so goodly and joyful to hear so full a Cry and no one gainsaying it that he would represent it to the Protector the next Morning which accompanied with all the Aldermen and Chief Commoners of the City in their Formalities and conducted by the Duke of Buckingham he accordingly did And the Protector Good Man so utterly refus'd that
they began to be afraid he was in earnest 'till at last Good Nature prevail'd and he enclin'd to their Petition and took upon him the Kingship June 22. 1483. which is the sum of the three Months and nineteen Days Reign of King Edward V. He was never Crown'd nor married but together with his Brother Richard Duke of York murder'd in the Tower in a short time after XVIII After this Mock-Election Richard III. now no longer Protector was Crown'd King July 6. following with the self-same Provision that was appointed for the Coronation of his Nephew with this addition only That his Queen was Crown'd with him And now the first thing he did was to commit Morton Bishop of Ely who had been secur'd in the Tower to the Custody of the Duke of Buckingham who sent him to a House of his at Brecknock in Wales whence he afterwards escap'd to the destruction of King Richard That done the King made a progress to Gloucester and sent one John Green whom he ' specially trusted with a Letter of Credence to Sir Robert Brakenbury Constable of the Tower the effect of which was to put the young Princes to death which he absolutely refus'd though said he he were to die therefore On this he sent another Letter by Sir James Tyrrel with a Command to Brakenbury to deliver him the Keys of the Tower for one Night which was accordingly done and the Princes murder'd by one Miles Forrest a Fellow flesh'd in Blood before that time and John Dighton his own Groom The Duke of Buckingham had accompanied the King in his Progress but whether it were that the King had been remiss to him in his Promise touching the Earldom of Hereford or that the Duke look'd a-skew on the Crown he had procur'd him the Duke left him at Gloucester but not without large Assurances from the King who doubted nothing less but that he was pleased And so with a merry Countenance and a disgusted Heart the Duke went off to his Charge at Brecknock The Bishop had been a firm Adherer to the House of Loncaster and the Duke had lost his Father and Grandfather in their Quarrel This and the but just Reputation of the Bishop's Experience begat a Familiarity between them which after several broken Discourses off and on came at last to this That they took an Oath of Secresie to each other and the PRESENT USURPATION and Tyranny was the Single Argument The Duke ran over the King's Breach of Faith with him and particularly charges him with the Murder of his Nephews which he had sworn to him never to attempt Nor was the Bishop wanting to give the Flame vent and as Occasion offer'd to add fresh Fuel to the Fire On which it was at last resolv'd between them That the Tyrant be remov'd And for the manner of doing it the Bishop having got within him proposes to him his own Title as Grandchild by the Mother to Edmond Duke of Somerset lineally descended from John of Gaunt and so next Heir to King Henry VI. Which the Duke answer'd by saying He once thought so and had resolv'd on it 'till having better consider'd he remembred That Edmond his Grandfather had an elder Brother John Duke of Somerset whose Daughter the Lady Margaret Countess of Richmond is sole Heir to him and therefore to marry her Son Henry Earl of Richmond to the Lady Elizabeth eldst Daughter of King Edward IV. and there by unite the two Houses of York and Lancaster were the only Expedient to settle the Kingdom The Bishop now was where he would be and therefore for fear the matter should cool proposes a sober Gentleman one Reginald Gray a Servant of the Countess's not unknown to the Duke who should communicate the Affair to such Persons as the Duke should direct Which being approv'd of Gray is forthwith sent for and dispatch'd to the Countess who liked it so well that she sent one Lewis her Physician to acquaint the Queen with it who return'd him to the Countess with this Answer That if her Son Henry would take a corporal Oath to marry her Daughter Elizabeth that all the Friends and Favourers of King Edward her Husband should assist and take part with him Which being agreed to by the Countess she sent Christopher Urswick her Chaplain to her Son in Bretagne and by another way Monies and particular Instructions that he should land in Wales Matters thus disposed and Answers return'd the Duke and the Bishop engage several of the Nobility and Gentry in an Oath of Secresie and every of them prepare Forces to meet the Earl of Richmond and joyn him Yet things were not so closely carried but that King Richard got an inkling of it and therefore ply'd the Duke of Bretagne to whom the Earl of Richmond had open'd his Design to deliver the said Earl into his hands Which he not only refus'd but on the contrary assisted him with Men and Monies During which the Bishop took the opportunity of making an escape into Flanders which fretted the Duke and that the more in regard the King knowing the Duke to be in the head of the Business wrote him a kind Letter thereby inviting him to Court which he excus'd with pretence of Sickness Whereupon the King sent him a peremptory Command which he as determinately answered by word of mouth That he would not come to his mortal Enemy and sent immediately to his Friends to take Arms with him which they accordingly did But before they could join him the Duke's Forces were dispers'd and every Man shifted for himself as he best might Most of the Chief of which got into Bretagne and the Duke to the House of one Banister beside Shrewsbury whom he had bred from his Youth and lov'd and trusted above all Men yet for the hopes of 1000 l. which was set upon the Duke's Head he was betray'd by him and brought to Shrewsbury where he was beheaded without Trial Novemb. 1. the same Year And the Earl of Richmond and such as had gotten over to him were attainted in Parliament 1484. Nor was the Earl idle all this time but applied himself to Charles VIII King of France who liberally assisted him suitable to the Expedition And so the Earl having given the English Nobility his Oath That forthwith after his being possess'd of the Crown of England he would take to Wife the Lady Elizabeth as aforesaid they swore him Fealty and did him Homage and made ready to set forward for England And being inform'd That Richard had gotten the Daughters of Edward IV. into his hand with the Consent of the Queen their Mother and made away his Wife to the intent of marrying the said Lady Elizabeth he made the more haste and with the Earl of Pembroke and the rest put to Sea and landed at Milford Haven the August following and thence remov'd to Hereford where the Country came in to him and a Message from the Town of Pembroke That they were ready to give their
attendance on the Earl their Lord. By which means and several of King Richard's Party falling in with him his Army grew stronger daily and the Lord Stanly who had married the Countess of Richmond Mother to Henry lay hovering with an Army of five thousand Men but durst not declare for him for fear of the Lord Strange his Son whom King Richard kept as an Hostage for his Father 's not acting against him Yet was not Richard so amaz'd at it but that he met his Enemy with a powerful Army at Bosworth near Leicester where in the heat of the Battel the Lord Stanly joyn'd Earl Henry with his fresh Forces as also did Sir William Stanly his Brother with three thousand more and slew King Richard Aug. 22. 1485. whose Crown found among the Spoil he forthwith put on the Head of the said Earl on which he was proclaim'd King by the Army Thus fell that Usurper Richard in the Thirty seventh Year of his Age and Third of his Reign His Wife was Anne youngest Daughter of Richard Earl of Warwick by whom he had Edward Prince of Wales Earl of Chester and Salisbury born in his Uncle King Edward IV.'s Reign An. 1473. of whom before As also a Natural Daughter viz. Catharine Plantagenet But neither of them surviv'd him XIX § VII King Henry VII Son of Edmond Teuther Earl of Richmond by the Lady Margaret Daughter and Heir of John Duke of Somerset lineally descended from John de Beaufort before-mentioned having thus gotten the Victory at Bosworth the first thing he did was to secure Edward Plantagenet Earl of Warwick about Fifteen Years of Age Son of George Duke of Clarence of whom also before kept Prisoner in Yorkshire by King Richard III. together with the Lady Elizabeth the former of which he sent to the Tower the other to her Mother in London whither he follow'd by slow Journies and was Crown'd Octob. 30. the same Year And having call'd a Parliament in which the Inheritance of the Crown of this Realm and France was entail'd on him and the Heirs of his Body he married the said Lady Elizabeth Jan. 18. following In 1486. he call'd another Parliament in which it was enacted That the Queen Dowager Elizabeth should forfeit all her Lands and Possessions because she had voluntarily submitted her sell and her Daughters to Richard III. contrary to her Promise to the Lords c. On which she retir'd to a Nunnery at Bermondsey where she died not many Years after And now such as favour'd the House of York set a Project on foot to lay by King Henry and advance the aforesaid Edward Earl of Warwick to the Crown To which purpose one Richard Simond a crafty Priest of Oxford having a sharp Pupil call'd Lambert Simnell and not unlike the said Earl either for Stature or Years He is pitch'd upon to personate him and take his Name who as was given out had got out of the Tower Nor was it long ere he was so well instructed in the Mien of a Prince and the Lineage he was to pretend to that they adventur'd for Ireland where he was receiv'd as the undoubted Heir of the House of York which the Irish rather favour'd than that of Lancaster Upon advice of this the Earl of Lincoln Son of John de la Pool Duke of Suffolk by Elizabeth Sister to King Edward IV. and others his Friends not thinking it meet to neglect so fair an Opportunity got over into Flanders to the Lady Margaret Dutchess Dowager of Burgundy one other Sister of the said King Edward where they met the Lord Lovel who had escap'd from Bosworth and at last concluded among them That Lincoln and Lovel should go into Ireland and there attend upon Lambert and honour him as King and taking with him two thousand Men should with the Power of the Irish Men bring him into England in which if they succeeded Lambert should be laid by and the true Earl of Warwick be deliver'd out of Prison and Crown'd King King Henry on the other hand made no more of it than to expose the Earl of Warwick to a publick view through the City 'till hearing that the Earl of Lincoln was arriv'd in Ireland and had Crown'd Lambert at Dublin with a resolution of coming for England he gather'd a great Army against him who by that time was landed near Lancaster and came forward to Stoke where the King's Forces met him and after a hard-fought Battel and total Overthrow to Lambert he and his Tutor were taken Prisoners June 16. 1487. and being brought to London Lambert was made a Turn-spit in the King's Kitchen and the other as being a Priest committed to perpetual Imprisonment There were also other Insurrections the same Year which the King dispers'd by his Proclamation of Pardon ere it came to the Sword And having made a Truce with Scotland for seven Years Crown'd his Queen Novemb. 25. following About this time the King of France making War upon the Duke of Bretagne King Henry mediates between them But to no effect for upon the death of the said Duke 1488. the King of France over-ran the Dutchy incorporated it to the Crown of France and in 1489. married the Dutchess King Henry lik'd not this new Accession and therefore since nothing else could prevail made War upon France 1490. The Dutchess of Burgundy laid hold of the Occasion and brings upon the Stage one Peter or Perkin Warbeck to take on him the Name and Person of Richard Duke of York second Son of King Edward IV. her Brother not murder'd in the Tower as she gave it abroad but escap'd into Ireland whither she had underhand sent him In which he acted his Part so well that he was taken for what he personated 1491. The French King being advertis'd thereof sent for him out of Ireland to the intent to arm him against King Henry who was then invading France gave him a Royal Reception and assign'd him a Guard On which several of the English got over to him But it so happening that the two Kings were made Friends Perkin was dismiss'd and with his Followers went to the Dutchess of Burgundy who joyfully welcom'd him yet seeming as if she had never seen him solemnly examin'd him Of his escape from being murder'd In what Countries he had wandred By what means he had found Friends and What Chance of Fortune had brought him to her Court. To all which he made such direct Answers that she assign'd him a Princely Guard and call'd him The White Rose of England 1492. And to the end the truth of the matter might be the better known Sir Robert Clifford and one William Barely are by the common Consent of such as favour'd the House of York sent over to the Dutchess to declare their Intentions concerning him Which when she had heard she brought them to Perkin who so well humour'd the thing that Sir Robert wrote back to them and to put them out of doubt affirm'd That he knew him to be
Richard Duke of York King Edward's Son by his Face Gesture and other Lineaments of his Body King Henry during this time was not â—sleep but sent over several Spies under the â—otion of Fugitives by which means he got into Perkin's Councils and came to the knowledge of his Confederates of whom some took sanctuary others were put to death 1493 and amongst them the said Sir William Stanly whom he had made Lord High Chamberlain and that only for saying If he knew the Young-man was the Son of King Edward IV. he would not draw his Sword against him Of which being convicted he was beheaded Feb. 16. 1494. However Perkin deeming he had Force enough yet left put to Sea and attempted to land in Kent but being repuls'd made back to Flanders and thence into Ireland which answering not his Expectation he sail'd for Scotland where he made his Tale so well that James IV. at that time King not only own'd him as Duke of York but married him to the Lady Catharine Gourdon Daughter of Alexander Earl of Huntley his near Kinsman 1495. and the Year following invaded England with Fire and Sword and in a manner wasted Northumberland On which Perkin beseeching him to spare his Subjects the King disgustingly bade him first see if they were his Subjects or not and finding few or none come in to him return'd for Scotland King Henry on this resolving a Revenge on Scotland the Parliament granted him a Subsidy of 120000 l. against the Payment of which Cornwal rebells and under the Conduct of one Flammock a Lawyer came into Somersetshire where they were headed by the Lord Audley 1496. The King of Scots lays hold on the Occasion and invading England again besieges Norham Castle which Fox Bishop of Durham Lord thereof had fortified But being not able to take it suddenly and hearing the Earl of Surrey was on his march near him return'd for Scotland and was follow'd by the Earl when by the Mediation of the Ambassadour of Spain Commissioners whereof the said Bishop was one are appointed to treat between both Kings at Jedard in Sctoland which ended in a Truce With this Condition nevertheless That though the King of Scots could not be persuaded to deliver up Perkin that yet he should discharge him his Protection and Dominions which was accorded and accordingly done 1497. The Cornish men in this time had gotten within four Miles of London where after a great Slaughter their Leaders were taken and executed Yet were not the Rabble so absolutely cut off but that upon their coming home hearing Perkin was gotten into Ireland they sent to him to come and head them which he slack'd not to do and being proclaim'd King by the Name of Richard IV. laid siege to Exeter but hearing the King was marching against him sent his Wife to the Mount in Cornwal whence she was taken and deliver'd to the King and flying away by night himself took sanctuary at Beaudly in Hampshire but finding no possibility of escaping and withal tempted with the promise of pardon he voluntarily submitted himself to 〈◊〉 King's Pleasure who set him in the Stocks upon a Scaffold in the most publick Places of London and Westminster where he confess'd the Impostor and having after that attempted an escape he was arraign'd and convicted Novemb 16. 1499. and on the 23d of the same Month drawn and hang'd at Tyburn And the said Earl of Warwick upon his Arraignment before his Peers as consenting to the same having confess'd the Indictment and throwing himself upon the King's Mercy had Judgment thereupon and was beheaded on Tower-Hill the 28th following And so after fifteen Years imprisonment ended this poor Earl and with him the Name of Plantagenet While matters went thus at home the King of Scots writes to the Bishop That because he had several things touching the Peace of both Crowns which he would communicate with himself only he desir'd him to come into Scotland which with King Henry's approbation he accordingly did and from one thing to another so wrought it that a Match was concluded between the said King of Scots and the Lady Margaret eldest Daughter of King Henry 1501. contracted Jan. 25. 1502. and took effect 1503. the Queen her Mother having died Feb. 11. before Nor had this Match been sooner concluded than the King married his eldest Son Arthur Prince of Wales to the Lady Catharine Daughter of Ferdinand King of Spain Novemb. 14. 1501. After which the Prince not living above five Months his younger Brother Henry afterwards King Henry VIII was created Prince of Wales Feb. 18. 1503. After which besides filling his Coffers the King did little saving the getting into his hands Edmond de la Pool Son of John de la Pool Duke of Suffolk by Elizabeth Sister of King Edward IV. who as pretending to the Crown had not long before fled into Flanders upon the King's Promise nevertheless That he would not put him to death which he observ'd but left it to his Son and died April 22. 1509. in the Fifty second Year of his Age and Twenty third of his Reign A wise politick Prince who having the Three Titles of Lancaster Conquest and his Wife Elizabeth eldest Daughter of King Edward IV. could never be brought to declare by which of them he claim'd He had Issue by her 1. Margaret Tudor born Nov. 29. 1489. of whom before Grandmother of Mary Queen of Scots the Mother of James VI. King of Scots in whom the Kingdoms of England and Scotland were united 2. Elizabeth Tudor born July 2. 1492. died Sept. 14 1495. 3. Mary Tudor born 1498. promised to Charles Prince of Castile afterwards Emperour but upon the death of her Father married to Lewis XII King of France 4. Catharine Tudor born Feb. 2. 1503. but died young His Sons 1. Arthur Tudor Prince of Wales born Septemb 20. 1487. died in his Father's life-time April 2. 1502. 2. Henry Tudor Duke of York born June 22. 1492. and succeeded his Father 3. Edmond Tudor born Feb. 21. 1498. and died the Year following XX. Upon the death of King Henry VII his only surviving Son Henry was the day following proclaim'd King by the Name of King Henry VIII His Father's Funerals and his own Marriage with the Princess Catharine Widow of his Brother Arthur by the Dispensation of Pope Julius II. being over his next business was their Coronation which was perform'd June 24. 1509. and quieting the Clamours of the People touching the matter of Sir Richard Empsom and Edmond Dudley Esq Persons employ'd by Henry VII for compounding the Forfeitures upon Penal Statutes which they had manag'd so ill that being thereof severally convicted they were attainted in Parliament of High Treason and thereupon beheaded Aug. 18. 1510. Howbeit John Dudley Son and Heir of the said Edmond was restor'd in Blood by the same Parliament and towards the latter end of the King made Viscount Lisle and Lord High Admiral of England The New-years day following the
of the Dutchy of Luxenburg as well as of the City of the same Name In 1686. the Principality of Swibuse together with the City of that Name was by an amicable Accommodation deliver'd up to the Elector of Brandenburg Last of all the French King breaking the Truce took Philipsburg on the Rhine from this Family Nov. 1. 1688. O. S. Of its Pretensions § XIX THe Pretensions of the House of Austria are 1. To the Dutchy of Burgundy which appertain'd of right to Maximilian I. as having married Mary Daughter and sole Heiress of Burgundy but the then King of France refus'd to invest him on pretence of the Salique Law 2. To Transylvania Moldavia Walachia and Bulgaria as Dependencies of the Kingdom of Hungary 3. To the Counties of Habsburg Baden and Kiburg 4. To the City of Schaffbuse 5. To the Kingdom of Portugal as having actually revolted from that of Spain 6. To the Dutchy of Luxenburg And lastly To the City and Castle of Philipsburg CHAP. II. Of the House of France § I. TO find out the Rise of the present House of France we are to look back as far as Hugh the Great Duke of France Burgundy and Aquitain Marquess of Orleans and Earl of Paris deceased 956. His eldest Son was Hugh Capet Duke of France Marquess of Orleans and Count of Paris who upon the death of Lewis the Slothful last King of France of the Race of Charlemaigne was by the unanimous Consent of the Peers of France inaugurated King of that Kingdom An. 987. And his Son Robert being in the same Year declared his Successor united the aforesaid Provinces to the Crown His Queen was Aloisia Daughter of William Duke of Aquitain by whom he had Issue Robert aforesaid from his great Piety surnamed The Saint who succeeded in the Throne of France upon the death of his Father in the Year 998. He was also Heir to the Dutchy of Burgundy upon his Uncle Henry's decease and departed this Life himself in 1031. having had two Queens viz. Bertha Daughter of Conrade King of Burgundy and Constance Daughter of William Count of Arles and Provence And by then two Sons namely 1. Henry of whom more in the next Section And 2. Robert Propagator of the Line of Burgundy the which became extinct in Philip Duke of Burgundy An. 1361. And whereas it had spread it self into two lesser Branches viz. that of Montaigue and that of Vienne or Dauphiné yet the first fail'd in Claudius de Montaigue An. 1468. the other in Humbert II. 1358. who seeing himself destitute of Issue made over Dauphiné to Philip of Valois King of France for 40000 Florins and on condition That for the future the eldest Son of France should be styled The Dauphin § II. Return we now to Henry I. Crown'd King of France 1031. The beginning of whose Reign was made uneasie by his Mother for she being desirous to advance his Brother Robert to the Throne stirred up many of the Nobility against him But the Business being decided by a Battel the Victory fell to the juster side His Death bears date 1060. And his Issue by Agnes Daughter of Basilius King of Russia were 1. Philip I. And 2. Hugh Count de Vermandois de Valois de Chaumont and d'Amiens whose Posterity fail'd in Rudolph II. Count de Vermandois c. An. 1158. Philip succeeded his Father at the age of nine Years and was Crown'd King of France An. 1060. His first Queen was Bertha Daughter of Florence I. Earl of Holland whom he divorc'd in 1093. and married Bertrada Daughter to Simon Earl of Montfort By the first be had 1. Lewis VI. but first of this Line surnam'd The Gross born 1081. 2. Henry deceased an Infant 3. Constance married to Hugh Earl of Champaigne and after his decease to Boemund Prince of Antioch By the second 1. Philip Count de Mans who married Elizabeth Daughter of Guy the second Baron of Mont le Herry but died without Issue 2. Florus Father of Elizabeth of Nantes 3. Caecilia married first to Tancred Prince of Antioch and after his decease to Pontius of Tholouse Count of Tripoli in Syria And 4. Eustachia espoused to John Count d'Estampes Of these Lewis succeeded his Father at his decease and was Crown'd King of France in the Year 1108. His Queen's Name was Adelain Daughter of Humbert II. Duke of Savoy who bore him this following Issue 1. Philip deceased sixteen Years old 2. Lewis VII born 1119. of whom in the next Section 3. Henry Archbishop of Reims 4. Robert III. Count de Dreux whose Posterity became extinct in John An. 1590. 5 Philip Archdeacon of Paris deceased 1164. 6 Peter Baron or Lord of Courtnay whose Posterity fail'd in Stephen de Raviers An. 1383. 7. Hugh deceased in his Infancy And 8. Constance married to Raymund Earl of Tholouse § III. Lewis VII surnam'd The Younger was born in 1119. and Crown'd King of France 1131. His first Queen was Eleanor Daughter and Heiress of William Duke of Aquitain whom he divorc'd in 1152. After which she was married to Henry Duke of Normandy who coming afterwards to be King of England did grievously annoy the French King His second was Constance Daughter to Alphonso VIII King of Castile who died in 1159. And his third Alice Daughter of Theobald Earl of Chambagne whom he married in 1161. She died 1205. By the first he had Issue 1. Mary married to Henry Count de Champagne She died 1179. And 2. Alice married to Theobald Earl of Chartres and Blois By the second only a Daughter named Margaret married to Henry eldest Son of Henry II. King of England and after his decease to Bela III. King of Hungary whom she likewise out-liv'd and went in Pilgrimage to the Holy Land in the City of Acres An. 1198. By by the third 1. Philip II. surnamed Augustus born Aug. 22. 1166. 2. Alice married to William Count de Ponthieu And 3. Agnes given in marriage to Comenius Alexius Emperour of Constantinople 1180. and after his death to Theodore Branas Lord of Adrianople Philip II.'s Inauguration to the Crown of France was Nov. 1. 1179. This Prince very much enlarged both the Power and Patrimony of the Crown of France for having overcome John sans Terre or Lack-land King of England he brought Normandy Bretagne Anjon Touraine Poictiers Clermont and part of Aquitain under his Jurisdiction His first Queen was Isabella Daughter of Baldwin IV. Earl of Haynault after whose decease he married Ingeburg Daughter of Waldemar King of Denmark but being afterwards divorc'd from her proceeded to a third Choice which was the Lady Agnes Daughter of Berthold Duke of By the first he had Issue only Lewis VIII born 1187. of whom in the next Section But by the third 1. Philip Earl of Bologne Clermont c. who by Maud Daughter of Reginald Earl of Dammarlin had Issue a Daughter named Joan and married to Scaevola de Châtillon 2. Mary after the decease of her first Husband Philip of Haynault Earl of
Namur re-married to Henry IV. Duke of Brabant She died 1238. § IV. Lewis VIII was Crown'd King of France in 1224. having before this been elected and had Fealty solemnly sworn him as King of England by the Nobility of that Kingdom at London An. 1216. But the English upon the death of King John changed their Minds and return'd to their Allegiance to the young King Henry III. Whereupon despising the Natural INCONSTANCY of that Nation he return'd for France Nor was he long to govern that Realm being taken off by an untimely death in the Year 1226. His Queen's Name was Blanche Daughter of Alphonso IX King of Castile by whom he had nine Children whereof five died young The four that out-liv'd him were 1. Lewis IX surnam'd The Saint born April 25. 1215. 2. Robert Earl of Artois which Branch of the Family wither'd in Charles d'Artois Count d'Eu in the Year 1472. 3. Charles Earl of Anjou and Main born 1220 Crown'd King of both the Sicily's in 1266. or 63. and Titular King of Jerusalem ten Years after His Posterity reign'd in the Kingdom of Naples 'till 1435. in Hungary 'till 1325. and in Poland 'till 1400. 4. Alphonso married indeed yet deceased without Issue As for Queen Isabella their Mother she ended her Life in a Cloyster where she retired after the King her Husband's death Lewis IX was Crown'd King of France in the Year 1226. and very much improv'd the Demesnes of the Crown He took upon him the Croisade and made an Expedition to the Holy Land in which War he was taken Prisoner by the Sarazens after the City of Damieta had surrender'd to him But being ransom'd by his Subjects return'd home After this he ventur'd on a second Expedition but died of the Plague at the Siege of Tunis An. 1270. His Queen was margaret Daughter of Reimund Berengarius Earl of Provence who departed this life 1285. having born him this following Issue 1. Isabella born 1241. married to Theobald II. King of Navarr deceased 1275. 2. Lewis who took to Wife Berengaria Daughter of Alphonso X. King of Castile yet died without Issue 1275. 3. Philip III. surnam'd the Bold born 1245. of whom in the next Section 4. John Earl of Nevers and Valois deceased without Issue 1270. 5. Blanche married to Ferdinand Prince of Castile deceased 1320. 6. Peter Count d'Alençon and Chartres deceased Issueless 1283. 7. Robert V. Count de Clermont and Lord of Bourbon of whom more beneath in the Line of Bourbon Sect. XII as Ancestor in a direct Line of the present French King § V. Philip III. surnam'd the Bold was Crown'd King of France in 1271. A Prince very deficient in most of chose Vertues that should adorn a King given to drink and easily led by those that were about him Surnam'd The Bold not from any true Courage that was eminent in him but because in that fostness of Mind he would yet brutishly expose himself to the greatest Dangers in time of Action His first Queen was Isabella Daughter of James I. King of Arragon who died in 1271. after which he married Mary Daughter to Henry III. Duke of Brabant and departed this Life 1285. The Issue that survived were 1. Philip IV. surnam'd The Fair born 1268. 2. Charles Earl of Valois Anjou c. of whom in the next Section as Author and Propagator of the Line of Valois 3. Lewis Count d'Eureux whose Posterity became extinct in Charles III. King of Navarr An. 1416. 4. Margaret married to Edward I. King of England in 1300. or 1. And 5. Blanche to Rudolph of Austria in the same Year She died 1305. Of these Philip the Fair succeeded his Father and was Crown'd King of France in the Year 1286. He join'd the Kingdom of Navarr to that of France which Kingdom was brought him in Marriage by his Wife Joan together with the County of Aquitain and Territory of Brigen He had a sharp War with the Flemings by whom his Forces were utterly defeated at the famous Battel of Courtray He had also several Contests with the Pope to whom he return'd the famous Answer of Sciat tua Magna Fatuitas Nos in Temporalibus nemini subesse upon his Holiness's pretending to command and direct him in some secular Affairs Moreover the Order of Knights Templars was first abolish'd by his Example and Interest throughout Christendom in the Year 1311. or 7. His Issue necessary to be here mention'd were 1. Lewis X. surnam'd Hutin King of France and Navarr born 1280. Crown'd 1315 or 14. deceased and that without Issue Male 1316. 2. Philip V. surnam'd The Long King of France and Navarr born 1292. Crown'd 1317. or 6. deceased likewise without Issue Male 1321. or 2. 3. Charles IV. surnam'd The Fair King of France and Navarr who had the same fate with his Brethren for he died in 1327 8. leaving his Wife with Child which likewise prov'd a Daughter 4. Isabella married at twelve Years old to Edward II. King of England Jan. 28. 1307. O. S. deceased 1375. Of the Line of Valois § VI. WE now return to Charles Count de Valois d'Anjou du Main d'Alençon and du Perche second Son to Philip the Bold He was thrice married his first Wife being Margaret Daughter of Charles II. King of Sicily His second Catharine de Courtney Daughter of the Emperour of Constantinople And his third Maud Daughter of Guy de Châtillon Count de St. Paul who died 1358. By these he had Issue as followeth 1. Isabella married to John III. Duke of Bretagne deceased 1309. 2. Joan the Wife of William the Good Earl of Haynault Holland and Zealand She died in the Year 1400. 3. Philip VI. of whom in the next Section 4. Charles Count d'Alençon and de Chartres whose Posterity became extinct in Charles Duke d'Alençon in the Year 1512. 5. Margarct married to Guy de Châtillon Earl of Blois 6. Catharine to Charles of Sicily Earl of Tarento 7. Joan to Robert of Artois Earl of Beaumont She died 1363. 8. Lewis Earl of Chartres deceased without Issue An. 1328. 9. Isabella Lady Abbess of Fonteverard 10. Mary married to Charles of Sicily Duke of Calabria 11. Another Isabel married to Peter I. Duke of Bourbon And 12. Blanche to the Emperour Charles IV. She died 1345. § VII Wherefore after the decease of the three Brethren Lewis Hutin Philip the Long and Charles the Fair without Issue Male the Government was setled on Philip de Valois their Cousin-Germain notwithstanding the Claim of Edward III. King of England Son to Isabel eldest Sister of the three last Kings whose Pretensions as the French said were cut off by the Salique Law Nevertheless it was soon after the occasion of a bloody War 'twixt him and King Philip Whose two Wives were Joan Daughter of Robert II. Duke of Burgundy deceased 1348. and Blanche Daughter of Philip King of Navarr who died 1398. By theâ—â— he had Issue 1. John I. surnam'd The Good 2. Philip Duke of Orleans deceased without
ended the Government of the Danes in England To him succeeded his Brother by the Mother's side Edward surnamed The Confessor the Son of Ethelred by Emma the Mother of Hardicanute as before He had been preserv'd from Canute by Richard II. Duke of Normandy his Uncle and upon the death of Hardicanute was recall'd from Normandy and Crown'd King in the Year 1042 and Fortieth of his Age. He first brought into the Royal Family the Gift of curing The King 's Evil Reigned Twenty four Years and died without Issue 1065. Upon this Harold II. Son of Earl Godwin by Guitha Sifter of Swaine King of Denmark by the assistance of Edwin and Morcar Earls of York and Chester was preferred to the Crown but enjoy'd it not long for he was slain in Battel Octob. 14. 1066. by § II. William I. Duke of Normandy surnamed The Conquerour first of the Normans that was King of England Natural Son of Robert II. Duke of Normandy by Arletta an obscure Woman who under pretence that Edward the Confessor had by his last Will and Testament transferred the Kingdom to him made a Descent into England and having slain Harold as before was by the unanimous Consent of the Peerage of England Crown'd King 1067. He had a sharp War with Philip I. King of France and after Twenty one Years Reign died at Roan in Normandy Septemb. 9. 1087. He had to Wife Maud Daughter of Baldwin V. Earl of Flanders by whom he had six Daughters and four Sons 1. Cecilie Abbess of Caen in Normandy 2. Constance married to the Earl of Britain 3. Adela to Stephen Earl of Blois Father of King Stephen of whom in his turn 4. Gundred to William Warren first Earl of Surry 5. Ela both died young 6. Margaret both died young His Sons were 1. Robert to whom he bequeathed the Dutchy of Normandy 2. Richard kill'd by a Stagg in New Forest in his Father's Life-time 3. William surnamed Rufus who succeeded his Father in the Kingdom 4. Henry I. surnamed Beauclerk to whom he left his Treasure and a yearly Pension of whom more in the next Section II. William II. born in Normandy 1057. his Brother Robert being in Normandy at the time of his Father's death what by pretext of his Father's Will and the contrivance of Lanfranc Archbishop of Canterbury was Crown'd Octob. 5. following He had War with the Scots brought Wales under his Obedience but what with that and to secure his Possession against the Claim and Arms of his elder Brother Robert he was necessitated to many a dishonourable Shift whereby to get Money and at last strook dead with an Arrow shot by Sir Walter Tyrel a Norman his Bow-Bearer as they were Hunting in New Forest but whether by accident or otherwise is uncertain Aug. 2. 1100. being the Eleventh Year of his Reign and Forty third of his Age but never married III. Henry I. youngest Son of the Conqueror born in England 1070. his eldest Brother Robert still living but in favour of Henry given out to be chosen King of Jerusalem succeeded his Brother William and was Crown'd in four Days after his death He had long Wars with his Brother Robert upon his return from the Holy War 'till at last having taken him Prisoner he put out his Eyes and threw him in Prison where he died but left no Issue He call'd the first Parliament after the Conquest at Salisbury in 1115. and died of a Surfeit in Normandy Decemb. 2. 1136. in the Sixty seventh Year of his Age and Thirty fifth of his Reign His first Wife was Matilda or Maud Daughter of Malcolm III. King of Scotland by Margaret the Sister of Edgar Atheling right Heir of Edward the Confessor as being descended from Edmond Ironside of whom before by which means the Saxon Line was restor'd in her Issue 1. William born 1102. he married Matilda or Maud Daughter of Foulk Earl of Anjon who with several others were cast away Nov. 26. 1119. 2. Maud the only legitimate Issue that surviv'd him born 1104. she was first married to the Emper our Henry IV. 1110. and after his death to Jeoffry Plantaganet Earl of Anjou 1124. so called from a Sprig of Broom which he wore in his Cap or Bonnet by whom she had King Henry II. His second Wife was Adeliza Daughter of Jeoffry Duke of Lorrain by whom he had no Issue He had seven Natural Sons 1. Robert Earl of Gloucester a Person of great Direction and indefatigable Industry as appear'd by the valiant Assistance he gave his said Sister Maud against King Stephen 2. Richard drown'd with his Brother William 1117. 3. Reinald Earl of Cornwal and Baron of Castle-Combe Nor is there any particular mention of the other Four And as many Natural Daughters Of whom it is only said they were all of them honourably bestowed in Marriage § III. William only Son of Henry I. being lost as before and himself not having Issue by his second Wife he now began to think of setling the Succession and to that purpose call'd another Paaliament 1133. in which all the Lords of the Land took an Oath to be true to his Daughter Maud the Empress and her Heirs and acknowledge them as right Inheritors of the Crown And amongst them IV. Stephen born 1107. Earl of Belogne and Montague Son of Stephen Earl of Blois by Adela third Daughter of the Conquerour was one yet by the working of Henry his Brother Bishop of Winchester the Pope's Legate a Man acceptable to the Nobility at that time altogether govern'd by the Clergy he was set up to the Crown against the undoubted Right of the said Empress and Crown'd on St. Stephen's Day 1135. His first War was with the Scots but during most of his Reign under various Fortune with the said Empress 'till his Children being dead he secur'd the Succession to her Son Henry He died Octob. 25. 1154. in the Forty ninth Year of his Age and Nineteenth of his Reign and had to Wife Maud Daughter and Heir of Eustace Earl of Bologne by whom he had 1. Eustace who died in the Eighteenth Year of his Age. 2. William who died younger His Natural Issue 1. William Earl of Norfolk 2. Gervais Abbot of Westminster who died 1160. V. § IV. To him succeeded Henry II. surnamed Fitz Empress first of the Line of Plantagenet born at Mentz in Normandy 1131. Crown'd King Decemb. 7. 1155. He sought to abate the Power of the Clergy the Effects of which he had felt in the Exclusion of his Mother and advancement of King Stephen but it wrought him great Troubles particularly with Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury touching the Exemption of Clerks from the Secular Power and the Consequence of it stuck to his Family for Sixty Years after He Crown'd his Son Henry King June 14. 1170. in the Seventeenth Year of his Age Sent Strongbow Earl of Chcapstow into Ireland in the same Year who planted the first Colony of English in Wexford went over thither in 1172. Conquer'd
it and wrote himself LORD thereof He suffered much by his Sons Henry and Richard The former broke with him 1173. and died 1183. his Father living The other combin'd with the King of France against him 1188. in which also he engag'd his Brother John which so struck to his Heart that he died of Grief in Normandy and rather burst than bow'd to Fortune July 9. 1189. in the Sixty first Year of his Age and Thirty fourth of his Reign His Wife was Eleanor Daughter of William Duke of Acquitain divorc'd from Lewis VII King of France by whom he had three Daughters 1. Maud married to Henry Duke of Saxony 2. Eleanor to Alphonso VIII King of Castile 3. Joan to William King of Sicily And six Sons 1. William who died young 2. Henry of whom before married to Margaret Daughter of Lewis VII King of France but died without Issue 3. Richard who succeeded his Father born 1155. 4. Jeoffry Earl of Britain married to Constance Daughter of Conan Earl of Richmond by whom he had Arthur Earl of Britain Angiers and Richmond 5. Philip who died young 6. John who succeeded his Brother Richard His Natural Sons 1. William surnam'd Longespee or Long-sword Earl of Salisbury in right of his Wife Ela Daughter and Heir of William Earl of that Place 2. Jeoffry Archbishop of York who after a five Years banishment by his Brother King John died 1213. Both by Rosamond 3. Morgan Provost of Beverly Bishop Elect of Durham By the Lady Blewet VI. Richard I. born at Oxford 1155. surnam'd Coeur de Lycn succeeded his Father and was Crown'd Septemb. 3. 1189. He made an Expedition into the Holy Land the same Year and in his return through Austria was imprison'd by the Emperour Henry VI. to whom he resign'd his Crown nor yet discharged without the payment of 100000 Marks which was accepted notwithstanding the large Profers of the King of France and his Brother John to have him detain'd Upon his coming home he was Crown'd a second time and made War with France where he was slain with a barbed Arrow by one Bertram at the Siege of Chalons in Limosin April 6. 1199. in the Forty fourth Year of his Age and Ninth of his Reign He had to Wife Beringuel Daughter of the King of Navarre but died without Issue After him VII John surnamed Sans Terre born 1166. youngest Son of Henry II. notwithstanding the just Right of Arthur his elder Brother's Son by the means of Hubert Archbishop of Canterbury obtain'd the Crown and was Crown'd by him upon Ascension day 1199. On this Arthur made War upon him in Anjou besieged Mirabel defended by Eleanor Mother of King John who raised the Siege defeated Arthur took him Prisoner and had him murdered in Prison 1202. He lost at that time Normandy to the King of France who took part with Arthur after a Three hundred Years possession by his Ancestors Upon the death of Hubert Stephen Langton a Cardinal being impos'd on him for Archbishop of Canterbury is refus'd by him 1207. The Monks of Canterbury accept him the King expels them as Traitors The Kingdom is interdicted 1208. himself excommunicated 1210. and his Kingdom given to the King of France 1213. He submits and surrenders his Kingdoms of England and Ireland to Pope Innocent III. and became his Feudatory for them at the yearly Tribure of a thousand Marks payable to the said Pope and his Successors does Homage and Fealty for them to Pandulphus his Legate gives up his Crown to him and receives it again two days after This Charter bore date May 15. 1213. and was casually lost by fire at the Council of Lyons but never were any Monies paid upon it or ever demanded since 1366. 40th Edward III. at what time also it was refused He was absolv'd from his Excommunication the same Year and the King of France upon pain of like Excommunication forbidden to proceed further against him as having submitted himself to the Church and the Jurisdiction which had now lasted six Years or better releas'd Yet his Barons cease not to infest him and force two Charters from him to wit Magna Charta and Charta de Foresta 1214 which the Pope nulls and excommunicates the Barons They on the other hand bring in Lewis the King of France his Son who landed May 1. 1216 whom Guallo the Pope's Legate excommunicates In 1210. he erected the Mayoralty of London and further granted to them to have two Sheriffs and a Common Council And notwithstanding all Turmoils at home setled Ireland and brought the English Laws and Coin into that Kingdom and died Octob. 19. 1216. in the Fifty first Year of his Age and Seventeenth of his Reign and as some have said by Poison He had three Wives his first was Alice Daughter of Hubert Earl of Morton He was divorc'd from his second the Daughter of Robert Earl of Gloucester upon the score of Consanguinity and married Isabel Daughter and Heir of Ailmer Earl of Angolesme by whom only he had Issue three Daughters and two Sons His Daughters 1. Joan married to Alexander II. King of Scots 2. Eleanor to William Earl of Pembroke and afterwards to Simon de Montford Earl of Leicester 3. Isabella to the Emperour Frederick II. His Sons 1. Henry who succeeded him in the Kingdom 2. Richard Earl of Cornwal Crown'd King of the Romans 1257. died 1274. As also three Natural Children 1 Joan married to Llewellin Prince of Wales 2. Jeoffry Fitz-Roy who serv'd in France 3. Richard who married the Daughter and Heir of Fulbert de Dover VIII To him succeeded Henry III. born 1208. Crown'd in nine days after the death of his Father and committed to the Tutelage of William Earl of Pembroke Great Marshal of England by whose prudent Management several of the most eminent Barons for sook Lewis and return'd to their Allegiance and with the rest of the Kingdom that stood firm to their young King drove him from place to place and at last gave him a total Rout upon which he came to an Accord and quitted the Kingdom In the Ninth of his Reign he confirm'd the Charters granted by his Father which afterwards he endeavour'd to rescind as done in his minority The most of his Reign was full of Troubles with his Barons headed by the late mention'd Simon de Montfort a French Exile but got into that favour that he was made Earl of Leicester and married the King's Sister as before yet with the Earl of Gloucester and others he fights the King at a place call'd Lewis where they made him and Prince Edward his Son Prisoners 1264. They quarrel about the Dividend The Prince makes his escape 1265. Gloucester joyns him and gives Leicester Battel in which the latter is slain After which the King liv'd seven Years approv'd himself a wise Prince and died Nov 16. 1272. in the Sixty fifth Year of his Age and Fifty sixth of his Reign He had to Wife Eleanor second Daughter of Raymond Earl of
Provence by whom he had two Daughters and six Sons His Daughters 1. Margaret married to Alexander III. King of Scots 2. Beatrice to John I. Duke of Bretain Of his Sons two only surviv'd him 1. Edward I. who succeeded his Father 2. Edmond surnamed Crouch back Earl of Lancaster Father of Thomas who had Issue Henry Earl of Lancaster whose Daughter Blanche was married to John of Gaune fourth Son of King Edward III. of whom more hereafter IX § V. Edward I. born 1240. surnamed Longshanks had under taken the Cross and was in the Holy Land when his Father died However he is proclaim'd King and Fealty sworn to him tho' it were not known whether he were living or dead Upon his return he was Crown'd Aug. 15. 1274. He had found by Experience the Ecclesiastical Power too strong for the Soveraignty whenever they combin'd with the Lay-Nobility and therefore retrench'd them of their Privileges whilst he was in the Opinion and Estimation of the World and in 1275. got the Statute of Mortmain to be enacted whereby to hinder the encrease of their Temporal Possessions and not long after clipp'd the Jurisdiction of Ecclesiastical Judges He slew Leoline the last of the Welsh Princes in Battel and united Wales to the Crown of England 1283. He banish'd the Jews and vacated all their Sureties 1293. He was made Umpire between John Baliol and Robert Bruce for the Crown of Scotland and determined for Baliol who did him Homage 1294. which he afterwards renounc'd but upon the King's entry into Scotland submits and is sent Prisoner into England However the Scots being gotten together under Wallace their Head the King pursued his Enterprize gave them a total Rout at a place call'd Fenkirk and having abolish'd their ancient Laws return'd and brought all their Records and other Evidences of Antiquity with him 1299. On this Robert Bruce Son of Robert the Competitor gets into Scotland where he is received and Crown'd 1306. Is defeated by the Earl of Pembroke 1307. Bruce recovers new Forces the King re-enters Scotland and dies of a Flux July 7. the same Year being the Sixty eighth of his Age and Thirty fifth of his Reign His first Wife was Eleanor Daughter of Ferdinand III. King of Castile by whom he had nine Daughters 1. Eleanor married to John Earl of Bar. 2. Joan to Gilbert Earl of Gloucester 3. Margaret to John Duke of Brabant 4. Mary a Nun of Amsbury 5. Elizabeth to John Earl of Holland and after him to Humphrey Bohun Earl of Hereford The rest died young Of his Four Sons Only Edward surviv'd him and was the first Prince of Wales His second Wife was Margaret eldest Daughter of Philip the Bold King of France by whom he had two Sons 1. Thomas of Brotherton Lord Marshal of England and Earl of Norfolk 2. Edmond Earl of Kent beheaded 1328. for endeavouring the Restauration of his deposed Brother King Edward II. X. Edward II. born at Carnarvan 1285. created Prince of Wales March 15. 1304. Crowned Feb. 24. 1307. In 1308. he caused all the Knights Templars throughout England and Ireland to be apprehended and their Order to be dissolv'd as afterwards were the Knights of Rhodes by King Henry VIII 1540. and theiâ— Lands and Possessions seiz'd He seems to have come in with much Expectation but soon lost it by means of a Favourite of his Pierce Gaveston banish'd by his Father but re call'd by him and made Earl of Cornwal Lord of Man and High Chamberlain which so incensed the Nobility that the King is forc'd to banish him more than once but as often re-calling him They take Arms under Thomas Earl of Lancaster their Leader Son of Edmond second Son of King Henry III. whom the Mobb call'd King Arthur and having taken him at Scarborough Castle strike off his Head 1312. During this Disorder at home Bruce was become powerful in Scotland the King enters upon him with a vast Army and is totally routed by him at a place call'd Bannock-Bourn 1314. This and his making Hugh Spencer Earl of Gloucester Son of Hugh Spencer Earl of Winchester Successor in the Office and Favour of the said Gaveston so heightned the former Discontent which was in a manner allay'd that both sides arm anew But the King gets the better takes the Earl of Lancaster and beheads him before his own Castle of Pomfret 1322. Yet this lasted not long for having sent the Queen and his Son the Prince into France instead of accommodating Matters she contracts her Son to Philippa Daughter of William III. Earl of Hainault by whose and the Earl of Holland's assistance she returns with an Army and with her the Prince and Roger Mortimer Lord of Wigmore lately escaped out of the Tower of London but afterwards made Earl of the Marches of Wales by King Edward III. And having taken Bristol with Hugh Spencer the Father in it she caused him to be hanged and quartered without Trial 1326. The King Spencer the Son and others had put to Sea for Ireland but were beaten upon the Coast of Wales where they lay hid for a while in the Abbey of Neth but being discovered Spencer had the same fate with his Father The King was imprison'd and a Parliament call'd to meet at London where upon several Articles exhibited against him it is agreed to depose him as unfit to Govern and elect the Prince his Son Upon which he voluntarily resign'd his Crown to him 1327. in the Nineteenth Year of his Reign About eight Months after which he was most barbarously murdered in Berkley Castle in the â—â—â—â—ty third Year of his Age. His Wife was 〈◊〉 Laughter of Philip the Fair by whom â—he had 1. Joan married to David Prince of Scotland 2. Eleanor to the Dake of Gelders And two Sons 1. Edward born at Windsor 1313. set up to the Crown his Father yet living 2. John of Eltham created Earl of Cornwal 1315. and died in the flower of his Youth in Scotland XI Upon the Resignation of Edward II. his Son Edward III. of the Age of Fourteen Years began his Reign Jan. 20. 1327 and was Crown'd the 25th following The Queen seems heavy at it but being pacified by aâ— Augmentation of Joynture the management of Assairs is committed to five Bishops and seven Temporal Lords 'till the King were or Years to Govern but the Queen and Mortimer act all The Scots enter England and are suffer'd to escape and in 1328. a dishonest rable Peace is made with them To confirm which Joan the King's Sister is married to David Pruce Prince of Scotland and amongst other things the Ragman Roll and Black-Crosâ— of Scotland are given back to them and the King by the working of the Queen and Mâ—â—timer surrenders his Title to the Soveraignty of Scotland and all Evidences relating thereunto For which Mortimer is impeach'd is Parliament and hang'd at Tyburn Nor laster the Peace long for Edward Baliol Son of the aforesaid John Baliol sets up for that Crown and by
John Ball a Priest and Disciple of Wickliffe with one Watt Tyler a Taylor and others work the Common People into a Rebellion murder Simon de Sudbury Archbishop of Canterbury and several of the Nobility and with a numerous Rabble come at last to Smithfield by Landon where Sir VVilliam VVallwâ—rth then Lord Mayor upon some rude Language given the King by the said Tyler stabb'd him dead and therewith dispers'd the Rabble In memory of which the King gave the City the Augmentation of a Bloody Dagger to their Coâ—â—n the Year 1366. Henry 〈◊〉 of Derby Son of John of Gaunt was created Duke of Hereferd and being accus'd by 〈◊〉 Mâ—ubrey Duke of Norfolk of some dangerous Words by him 〈◊〉 demanded a Trial by Battel which was accepted and both being in the Lists ready in combat Hereford was banâ—th'd for ten Years of which the King struck oft four and went 〈◊〉 France And the Year following Johne Gaunt died In 1399 the King went into Ireland and in his absence Thomas Arundel Archbishop of Canterbury and others contrive to depose him and set up Henry now Duke of Lancaster who upon their Invitation return'd and met the King in VVales from whence he was convey'd to the Tower of London where a Parliament being in the mean time call'd in King Richard's Name the King resign'd his Crown to the said Henry and made the Bishops of York and Hereford his Procurators to declare his Resignation to the Parliament which was accepted And to colour the matter Articles were preserâ—ed against him on which he was deposed Septemb. 9. 1399. and afterwards trait 〈◊〉 murdered in Pomfret Castle 1401. by Sir Pierce Exten and eight others as he was at Dâ—â—â—er of whom yet he slew four in the Thirty third Year of his Age and Twenty secâ—nd of his Reign His first Wife was Anne Daughter of Charles IV. Emperour His second Isabel Daughter of Charles VI. King of France but had no Issue by either of them XIII § VI. Upon this Deposition Henry â—â—â—ke of Lancaster eldest Son of John of Gaunt tourth Son of Edward III. Born 1368. was Crown'd King Octch. 13. 1399. by the Name of King Henry IV. albeit Edmond Mortimer Earl of March Son of Roger Mortimer Earl of March Son and Heir of Philippa Daughter and Heir of â—iond third Son of King Edward III. was then living and the said Earl Râ—ger his Father upon King Richard's going into Ireland in the Year 1385. had been declared in Parliament Heir Apparent to the Crown if the said Richard died without Issue This occasioned those bloody Wars between the Houses of York and Lancaster in which there were Twelve pitch'd Battels fought between them in the compass of Thirty six Years The beginning of his Reign was sull of Troubles for Thomas Merks Bishop of Carlisle made a Speech in Parliament in favour of Richard the deposed King for which albeit he was imprison'd yet it so stuck with the Nobility that six of the Chief of them combine to seize King Henry and restore King Richard and to that purpose undertook a solemn Justing to he held at Oxford in the Chrismas 1401. and invited the King to it which he accepted but the Plot being accidentally discovered by one of the Conspirators it was seasonably prevented and crush'd Nor was it long are Owen Glendour rose in VVales 1400. and declared for Edmond Mortimer The like did the Earls of Northumberland and Worcester in the North who before they could join Forces were beaten by the exemplary Courage of Prince Henry his Son 1403. The King at last having wrought through every thing that oppos'd him died of an Apoplexy March 20. 1413. in the Forty sixth Year of his Age and Fourteenth of his Reign His first Wife was Mary one of the Daughters and Co-heirs of Humphrey de Bohun Earl of Hereford Essex and Northampton she died before he came to the Crown 1394. but left him four Sons 1. Henry V. who succeeded him 2. Thomas Duke of Clarence slain at Beaufort in France but left no Issue 3. John Duke of Bedford and Regent of France Died Septemb. 14. 1435. but had no Issue 4. Humphrey surnamed The Good created Duke of Gloucester by his Brother Henry V. Protector to his Nephew Henry VI. and at last imprison'd and strangled by the device of Queen Margaret Wife of the said Henry VI. 1447. His second Wife was Joan Daughter of Charles I. King of Navarre Widow of John de Menthâ—â—â— Duke of Bretagne by whom he had no Issue She surviv'd her Husband and died 1437. XIV To him succeeded his eldest Son Henry V. born at Monmouth 1385. Crown'd April 9. 1412. His Youth had been somewhat extravagant but he soon recover'd it and supplied his defect of Title by worthy Actions The Parliament at this time look'd with a sharp eye upon the Church-Lands and to divert the Humour Henry Chichely Archbishop of Canterbury put the King in the head of his Title to France and withal assur'd him That he had consulted the Clergy and that they had resolv'd to advance such a Summ towards it as never Spiritual Persons had given to any King before Upon this the King treated with the Parliament touching the matter which they so approv'd that an Army is forthwith rais'd in the head of which he lands in France and in a sew days besieg'd Harflue and took it 1415. and having pass'd the River Soame came up with the French then lying at Agincourt where with an Army not exceeding 15000 Men he cut off the others of 60000 Octob. 25. the same Year and return'd for England 1416. and made the Duke of Bedford Regent of France 1417. whither he follow'd himself the same Summer Took Caen 1417. Chierburgh Dampfront 1418. Rohan Vernon Mante Pontoise the Castle of St. Germane Meulane 1419. And after another Victory near the City of Mens it was amongst other things concluded That King Henry should marry the Lady Catharine the King of France's Daughter and after his death become Heir of the said Realm and in the mean time have the whole Government of the same as Regent thereof According to which they were married June 3. 1420. and the King solemnly proclaim'd Heir and Regent of France and the Duke of Burgundy and most of the Nobility swore Fealty to him As also did the Three Estates of the Realm assembled at Paris each Person severally for himself 1421. And in April following carried his Queen into England Yet notwithstanding this Charks the Dauphin retires to Berry and gets Forces together Nor was the Duke of Bedford less industrious to pursue him 'till the King coming over again and in his march to relieve Cosny then besieg'd by the Dauphin was taken with a Pleurisie of which he died at Blot St. Vincent Aug. 31. 1422. in the Thirty eighth Year of his Age and Tenth of his Reign and left by the said Catharine de Valois Daughter of the said King of France XV. Henry VI. born at Windsor Decem.
March 29. 1462. However himself escap'd into Scotland and sent the Queen and Prince to her Father in France and King Edward on the other hand Crown'd June 29. following Nor was Queen Margaret all this while idle but return'd with new Forces into the North where she joyn'd those Succours her Husband had brought out of Scotland and with the Assistance of their Friends at home out it to another Battel at Exham Field May 4. 1463. where King Henry was taken and the Queen made her escape into France to her Father And now King Edward being in a manner setled he sent the Earl of Warwick into France to demand the Lady Bona Daughter to Lewis Duke of Savoy and Sister to Charlotte then Queen of France for Wife which was so well relish'd that it was in a short time assented to But it so happen'd that the Lady Elizabeth Gray Widow of Sir John Gray slain at the last Battel of St. Alban's coming to petition for her Joynture which had been seiz'd into the King's hands the King not only granted it but became a Petitioner himself And being not able to obtain it otherwise married her 1465. This bred no good Blood in France and netled Warwick who took no notice of it for the present but with the King's leave retir'd to Warwick However to prevent the worst the King made his Brother George Nevil Archbishop of York 1467 and to secure a Friend against France married his Sister Margaret to Charles Duke of Burgundy 1468. By this time the Earl of VVarwick still meditating a Revenge had wrought over to his Design the said Archbishop and his other Brother John Marquess Montacute and leaving them behind him to make some Commotion in his absence took the Duke of Clarence with him and went over to his Command at Callice And upon full assurance that the said Duke bore no great Good-will to the King his Brother for a Tie of Friendship between them married the Lady Isabel his elder Daughter to him The Commotion was ascordingly made and in a short time impror'd to such a Rebellion that the King was forc'd to raise an Army to suppress it But VVarwul who had privately gotten over and now headed it by the assistance of Clarence fell upon the King in the Night and brought him Prisoner to VVarwick-Castle whence he made as escape and having gotten to London so ordered his Affairs that Clarence and VVarwid were forc'd for France again where they are kindly receiv'd especially by Queen Margaret who to secure the Earl to her side married he Son the Prince to Anne second Daughter oâ— the said Earl and took an Oath of him and such of the Nobility as follow'd her Fortune not to leave the War 'till either King Henry or his Son the Prince were restor'd to the Crown On which he came over for Eâ—â—land and forc'd King Edward into Holland Where he stay'd not long but return'd and drove VVarwick back to Callice April 1470. Where having made his Recruits he came over the August following and the Country so fell in with him that King Edward finding himself not able to withstand the Force pass'd the Sea to his Brother-in-Law the Duke of Burgundy and left his Queen in the Sanctuary at VVestrninster where she was deliver'd of her eldest Son Prince Edward VVarwick in the mean time making for London deliver'd King Henry out of the Tower and restor'd him to his Kingly Government himself neverthelass being made Lieutenant of the Realm and Clarence who unknown to the Earl had made his Peace with King Edward his Brother loyn'd as Associate with him The Duke of Burgundy in the mean time though he publickly refus'd to appear for King Edward yet underhand gave him that Supply from others that he landed again in England March 12. 1471. where he found his Friends ready to receive him and the Earl of Warwick though Clarence began to draw off and Queen Margaret not yet come with her Succours from France as forward to oppose him Notwithstanding which King Edward got to London and had King Henry deliver'd to him by the Archbishop of York to whose Care the Earl of Warwick his Brother had entrusted him This done King Edward advanc'd towards St. Alban's where Warwick lay and met him at Barnet-Heath where after a desperate Engagement the said Earl and his other Brother the Marquess Montacute were slain April 14. 1471. King Edward went back to London and offer'd his Standard at St. Paul's nor was the Ceremony scarce over before news was brought him That Queen Margaret was landed at Weymouth with a mighty Power On which the King march'd against her with what expedition he could and met her at Teuxbury May 4. following and after a bloody Fight gave her a total Rout and took the Prince her Son Prisoner whom the Dukes of Clarence and Gloucester afterwards King Richard III. slew in the King's presence Not long after which the said Queen being found in a poor House of Religion was brought a Prisoner to London and so kept 'till ransom'd by her Father And to compleat the Tragedy King Henry now Prisoner in the Tower underwent the same Fate with his Son and by the same hand the 23d of the same Month and Year having reigned but six Months after his recovery of the Crown Upon which Jasper Earl of Pembroke taking his young Nephew Henry Earl of Richmond afterwards King Henry VII with him made his escape to the Duke of Bretagne and was well receiv'd by him nor could King Edward with all his Artifices ever get him out of his hands And now all things quieted a home the King went for Callice 1474. to divert the King of France's Attempts upon Burgundy but the Duke failing to joyn him according to promise he made a Peace with the King of France for nine Years which was sworn to by both Kings upon an Interview between them near Amiens 1475. and return'd to England After which George Duke of Clarence upon some old Disgusts between the King and him was sent to the Tower 1476. adjudg'd a Traitor and not long after found dead in a Butt of Malmsie 1477. Leaving Issue by the said Earl of VVarwick's Daughter Anne 1. Edward created Earl of VVarwick by the said King Edward and beheaded by Henry VII 1500. 2. Margaret Countess of Salisbury Mother of Cardinal Pool beheaded by Henry VIII 1541. In which two died the Right Line and Surname of Plantagenet In the Year 1482. James III. King of Scotand having broken some Articles between King Edward and him the King sent an Army into Scotland under the Command of the Duke of Gloucester took Berwick and brought that King to his Terms But while he was preparing for a War with France fell sick and died April 9. 1483. in the Forty first Year of his Age and Twenty third of his Reign He had to Wife the Lady Elizabeth Gray before-mention'd who brought him five Daughters and two Sons 1. Elizabeth of York
Queen was brought to bed of a Prince named Henry who died Feb. 22. following And now the Magnificence of the Court being somewhat allay'd the King resolv'd of a Royal Expedition into France to which the Parliament gave largely but not thinking it safe to leave the before-mention'd Edmond de la Pool behind him he took off his Head April 30. 1512. and having created Sir Charles Brandon Son of Sir William Brandon Standard-Bearer to Henry VII at Bosworth-Field and there slain Viscount Liste he landed at Callice June 30. 1513. and taking the Field laid siege to Terwin where the Emperour Maximilian taking pay under him wore the Cross of St. George as the King's Soldier To relieve this Place came the French with a powerful Army Aug. 16. but were so put to flight that in memory thereof it was call'd The Battel of Spurrs and the Town surrendred in two days after From thence he advanced to the City of Tournay took it and return'd for England Septemb. 24. To divert the King from this pursuit in France James IV. of Scotland had invaded England and besieged Norham Castle but was encounter'd by the Lord Thomas Howard Earl of Surrey Lieutenant of the North in the King's absence at Flodden Field where the said King lost his Army and Life together Septemb. 9. the same Year On which the King created the said Earl Duke of Norfolk with an augmentation to his Coat of a Demi-Lion shot in the Mouth within a Countre Treasure Flowrie three Parts of the Arms of Scotland Sir Charles Brandon Viscount Lisle Duke of Suffolk Feb. 2. 1514. and Thomas Woolsey his Almoner Bishop of Lincoln the March after Lewis XII King of France now stricken in Years began to be weary of War and finding that the design'd Marriage between the Prince of Castile and the Lady Mary Sister of K. Henry was broken sent over Ambassadors to treat of a Peace and amongst other things of a Match in particular between this Lady and himself with Offers of a large Dowry and Security for the same which by the management of Woolsey was so contriv'd that both took effect with this Condition That if the French King died then the Lady if it stood with her Pleasure might return into England again with all her Dowry and Riches Which being consented to a Peace was proclaim'd Aug. 7. the Marriage consummated Octob. 9. the Queen Crown'd Novemb. 5 1515. and came to Paris the next day where after several solemn Justs the English left her and the King her Husband died Jan. 1. following Not long after which Cardinal Benbrike Archbishop of York King Henry's Ambassadour at Rome dying Woolsey is made Archbishop thereof and upon the Archbishop of Canterbury Warham's giving up the Seal the next Year Lord Chancellor and Cardinal Upon the death of King Lewis Francis I. succeeded him to whom and the Queen his Sister King Henry having made the usual Compliments and being advertis'd of her Inclination to return into England he sent the Duke of Suffolk to receive her which was honourably condescended to and the Queen deliver'd to him who pleas'd her so well that she married him at Callice and return'd with him for England 1516. The King seems offended at it but is quickly reconcil'd However the Cardinal now Legate à Latere disobliges him and not him only but the Prime Nobility of England particularly Edward Stafford Duke of Buckingham the last hereditary High Constable of England whose Head also he brought to the Block May 17. 1521. and with that and his other Exorbitances the general Hatred of the Commons upon himself But what hasten'd his Ruine may seem to be this Charles V. Emperour and King of Spain had refused him the Archbishoprick of Toledo to be reveng'd of this he procured a Friendship between King Henry and the King of France to the end That if probably a Divorce could be made between the King and Queen Aunt to the said Emperour that the King might have married the Dutchess of Alençon the French King's Sister However it were the King after a Twenty Years Marriage makes it a Scruple of Conscience Whether she could be his lawful Wife as having been the Widow of his elder Brother Prince Arthur and endeavours a Divorce from which the Queen appeal'd to the Pope The Cardinal on the other hand finding the King had an eye on the Lady Anne Bullen Daughter of Sir Thomas Bulen Treasurer of his Houshold whom he had created Viscount Rochfort June 18. 1525. and Earl of Wilis Decemb. 1529. and notwithstanding his Endeavours to the contrary would marry her if the Divorce to which the Pope was utterly averse took place so shuffled the matter between the Pope and the King that he fell into the King's displeasure which wanting no aggravation of his Enemies for Friends he had few or none the Great Seal was taken from him Nov. 17. 1529. and Sir Thomas Moore Speaker of the House of Commons made Lord Chancellor the 24th of the same Month and a Writ of Praemunire issued against him in which upon his Confession he had Judgment to forfeit all his Lands Tenements Goods and Chattels c of which he made a large Inventory and sending it to the King by Sir William Gascoigne his Treasurer retired into the Country Howbeit the Bishopricks of York and Winchester were not taken from him nor Plate and Houshold-stuff sufficient for his Degree His Power thus clipp'd one would have thought it sufficient but alas he had a Head yet left and who knew but the King might not have quite forgotten him therefore to make sure Work and him a terrible Example for those are the Words there were Forty three Articles signed by the said Chancellor and by Fourteen Lords of the Privy-Council and the Two Chief Justices exhibited to the King against him Decemb. 1. 1530. which being brought down from the Lords to the Commons Thomas Cromwel his Secretary a Member of the House made so honest a Defence of his Master that the King took him into his Service After which the Lord Chancellor Mocre as little fond of having the King marry the Lady Bullen as had been the Cardinal foreseeing the Cloud that was gathering against him after long suit made to be discharged of his Office gave up the Seal May 7. 1532. and was beheaded for denying the King's Supremacy July 6. 1535. or rather because that he had not put on his Wedding-Garment for the Lady Bullen whom he made Marchioness of Pembroke Septemb. 1. married her Jan. 25. following in the presence of Cranmer his late Ambassadour at Rome whom not long after he made Archbishop of Canterbury Whereupon it was enacted That Queen Catharine should no more be called Queen but Princess Dowager And the Archbishop not to be wanting on his part divorc'd her from the King and by a Publick Sentence declar'd the Marriage to be void and of none effect May 23. 1533. On which Queen Anne was Crown'd June 1. delivered of a
Daughter Elizabeth who afterwards was Queen Septemb 10. following And lastly after a like Divorce beheaded with a Sword May 19. 1536. Three days after whose death some say sooner he married the Lady Jane Seimour Daughter of Sir John Seimour who brought him a Son Prince Edward who succeeded him October the 12th 1537. and died two days after During this â—ime the Cardinal with the King's leave was on his Journey for York but arrested of High-Treason by the way and died at Leicester Abbey Nov. 30. 1530. ere he could reach London To him succeeded in Favour and Power his Servant Cromwell the occasion thus The Cardinal had by the Pope's License suppress'd some small Religious Houses for the Endowment of his Colleges of Christ's Church in Oxford and Ipswich which the King made use of as a Wimble to let in the greater Augre and Cromwell his Instrument for suppressing the rest If they voluntarily surrender'd they went off with Pensions if otherwise and that they defended their Possessions they ran Whiting the Abbot of Glastenbury's Fate to be hang'd for taking Arms against the King From which Beginnings there were first and last dissolved Monasteries 645. whereof 26 had Place and Voice among the Peers Colleges 90. Chauntries and Free-Chappels 2374. Hospitals 110. Nor was the King wanting to give him a Figure suitable to the Undertaking for in the compass of three Years he made him Master of the Jewel-House a Privy Councellor Secretary Master of the Rolls Lord Privy-Seal and Baron Cromwell July 10. 1536. Vicegerent in Spiritualibus the 18th of the same Month Knight of the Garter April 23. 1538. Earl of Essex and Lord High Chamberlain of England April 18. 1540. And his Son Gregory Baron of Okeham which Title remain'd in his Family 'till by the death of Vere Cromwell late Earl of Ardglas in Ireland without Issue Male it was extinct 1686. The King had now been a Widower two Years when Cromwell thinking to rivet himself in the King's Favour by a Queen of his making negotiated a Match for him with Anne Sister of William Duke of Cleve c. who was married to him Jan 6. 1540. But the King not liking her they were divorc'd by Act of Parliament upon her own Consent she renouncing the Title of Queen for that of the King 's adopted Sister And with this Match fell Cromwell for it brought him into the King's disfavour Nor wanted he Enemies to load him by whose procurement he was committed to the Tower July 9. 1540. and the King having No More need of him attainted in Parliament of High Treason and Heresie without so much as being call'd to answer and thereupon beheaded the 19th of the same Month. His FIFTH Wife was the Lady Catharine Howard Daughter of Edmond third Son of Thomas first Duke of Norfolk whom also he attainted in Parliament and beheaded Feb. 13. 1541. The Year following the Title of Lord of Ireland was by the respective Parliaments of both Kingdoms alter'd into that of King of Ireland And to encourage such of the Irish Nobility as came in to him he created O Brian Earl of Thoumond June 3. 1543. And Mac-William a-Burgh Earl of Clanricart July 1. following and 12th of the same Month married the Lady Catharine Parr Widow of the Lord Latimer who had the luck to survive him and was afterwards married to the Lord Admiral Seimour Nor had he after that Year the opportunity of doing much saving that he landed an Army in Scotland under the Conduct of the Lord Admiral Dudley who burnt Lieth to the ground forc'd Edinburgh and having fir'd it as also Thirty other Towns and Villages came back for England by Berwick 1544. And to close the last Scene of his Life he made a Royal Voyage into France and besieg'd Boloigne which by the Personal Courage and Conduct of the said Lord Admiral was surrender'd and the King rode triumphantly into it Sept. 8. the same Year and made him Governour thereof For the recovery of this the French made several attempts but all unsuccessful Whereupon it was at last concluded between the two Kings That if the King of France paid the King of England 800000 Crowns in eight Years he should have Boloigne restor'd to him and that in the mean time it should remain in the King of England's hands as a Security for the Money June 7. 1547. After which falling into a Dropsie he died Jan. 28. following being the Fifty fifth Year of his Age and Thirty seventh of his Reign He had the Soul of a Prince Magnificent and Liberal and whatever may be said of King-Craft understood what it was to be a King Nor were the Popes Julius II. and Leo X. less sensible of it which made them so forward to have engag'd him to their Interest For the former having by a Decree of the Council of Lateran depriv'd the King of France of the Title of Christianissimus transferr'd it to him but died before the Bull was sent over 1514. and the latter granted to him Poster is suis the Title of Defensor Fidei 1521. His Wives as hath been said were SIX but he had Issue only by the Three first viz. By Queen Catharine 1. Henry Tudor born Jan. 1. 1509. and died Feb. 22. following 2. Another not Named born 1514. but liv'd not long 3. Mary Tudor born Feb. 18. 1518. and afterwards came to be Queen of England By Queen Anne Bullen 1. Elizabeth Tudor born Septemb. 10. 1533. who succeeded her Half Sister Mary in the Crown 2. A Male-Child still-born Feb. 29. 1535. By Queen Jane Edward born as before made Prince of Wales Duke of Cornwal and Earl of Chester Octob. 18. 1537. His Natural Issue Henry surnam'd Fitz Roy begotten on the Lady Elizabeth Talbois Daughter of Sir John Blount Kt. and Widow of Sir Gilbert Talbois created Earl of Nottingham June 18. 1525. and the same day Duke of Richmond and Somerset Died without Issue his Father living 1536. XXI To his Father succeeded his only Son Prince Edward VI. a Protestant to whom being yet but Nine Years of Age his Mother's Brother Sir Edward Seimour created Viscount Beauchamp 1536. Earl of Hertford 1538. was appointed Governour proclaimed Lord Protector Feb. 1. 1547. and made Duke of Somerset the 17th of the same Month At which time also his younger Brother Sir Thomas Seimour was made Lord Sudley and High Admiral of England the late Lord Admiral Dudley Earl of Warwick the Lord Chancellor Wriothsley Earl of Southampton and the King Crown'd the 25th following Whereupon the REFORMATION began but the Lord Chancellor seeming averse to it was remov'd from the Privy-Council discharg'd of all his Offices and Sir William Pawlett Lord St. John made Chancellor in his room In which Year the Parliament having given the King Free-Chappels c. he set out the Free-Chappel of St. Stephen founded by King Stephen for a place of Sitting for the House of Commons which before that time had been in the Chapter House of the
Abbot of Westminster And now Commissioners being appointed for matter of Religion not yet disannull'd by Parliament it came into the Protector 's and Council's mind of a Match that upon the death of King James V. King of Scotland had been treated and concluded by the Parliament of that Kingdom with King Henry VIII for the Prince his Son now King with the Lady Mary their young Queen sole Daughter and Heir of the said James and which by the Contrivance of Cardinal Beaton Archbishop of St. Andrew's was now obstructed to the intent of marrying her to Francis Dauphin of France as it afterwards took effect April 24. 1558. To have prevented this an Army is rais'd and Scotland invaded by Sea and Land where after several Skirmishes the Protector engag'd them at Fauxside and Musleborough whence after a great Slaughter and having secur'd a Footing in the Country he return'd for England the September following But as to the young Queen did so little good that it was doubted Whether this Army and that too for a great part Foreigners was rather rais'd to force a Princess out of her own Country to the Marriage of a Prince not yet ripe for her than to secure himself at home During this and his Brother the Lord Admiral 's absence in Scotland whether it were that the Protector 's Wife could not brook the Queen Dowager Parr her Husband 's the Admiral 's younger Brother's Wife to take place of her or that the Admiral kept not thorough-pace with him there grew such a feud between the Brothers that cost them both their Heads For within a Year and half after their return the Admiral was sent to the Tower and without Trial attainted in Parliament and thereupon beheaded March 20. 1549. Nor had he recover'd this false Step before he made another in slipping an Opportunity that play'd into his hand for the Commissioners having thrown all Images and what thereunto appertain'd out of the Churches and the Parliament abolish'd the Missal and enjoyn'd a New Book of Common-Prayer and Administration of the Sacraments in its room the Cornish Men first and after them Oxfordshire Bucking hamshire Norfolk York and others ran into Rebellion which he fortunately suppress'd and thereby became Master of an Army which he might have wrought to any thing at least crush'd his disguis'd Friend but secret Enemy the Earl of Warwick who had stola the Lords of the Council from him and now jointly impeach'd him as the occasion of the late Tumults and at the same time pray the City and the Commons to aid them to take him from the King Whereupon he is committed to the Tower Octob. 14 following and having not Interest enough to hinder the said Earl from being made Lord High-Chamberlain he tamely submitted to a Marriage between the Earl's eldest Son and his eldest Daughter and got his Liberty for that time But this patch'd Friendship lasted not above two Years for the Earl of Warwick being made Duke of Northumberland and the Lord Henry Gray Marquess of Dorset his Consident Duke of Suffolk Octob. 11. 1551. and now Governing all the late Protector was within five days after again committed to the Tower and convicted of Felony upon a Statute of his own making viz. For purposing and attempting the Lives of the said Northumberland and Suffolk two of the King's Privy-Council which by that Statute was made Felony On which he was beheaded Jan. 22. following And the King left so unguarded by any but themselves and their Creatures that it seem'd no difficulty to bring the Crown into their own Families To this purpose a Marriage is contriv'd between the Lord Guilford Dudley Fourth Son of the said Duke of Northumberland and the Lady Jane Gray eldest Daughter of the said Duke of Suffolk by Frances Daughter of Mary Sister of King Henry VIII of whom before and that so cover'd under the specious Pretence of securing the Protestant Religion against the Lady Mary the King's Sister a Catholick that the King not only further'd it but being in a sickly condition did by his last Will and Testament declare the said Lady Jane Gray to be Rightful Heir in Succession to the Crown of England To which also besides the Lords of the Council all the Judges subscrib'd their Names excepting only Sir James Hales one of the Justices of the Common-Pleas who would neither by Word nor Writing give his Assent to the disherison of Queen Mary Not long after which the King died to wit July 6. 1553. in the Seventeenth Year of his Age and Seventh of his Reign but unmarried and Childless and might perhaps have liv'd longer if he had not been a King Three days after the Lady Jane Gray was proclaimed Queen and the same day the Lady Mary Sister of the last King Edward and eldest Daughter of King Henry VIII sent a Letter to the Lords of the Council thereby claiming the Crown by Right of Succession and requiring them upon their Allegiance to have her proclaim'd Queen Which being sleighted by them she withdrew to her Castle of Fremingham whither several of the Nobility and Gentry repair to her The Council on the other hand dispatch the Duke of Northumberland after her but the Men of Suffolk first and after them those of Oxfordshire Northampton and Norfolk came in so thick to her and six Ships of War declaring for her the Council at London proclaim her Queen the 19th of the same Month left the Duke of Northumberland to shift for himself and secur'd the Lady Jane and her Husband in the Tower XXII Queen Mary a Catholick being thus proclaim'd the Duke of Northumberland was arrested at Cambridge and brought to the Tower and together with the Marquess of Northampton and the Earl of Warwick Son and Heir of the said Duke arraign'd of High-Treason before Thomas Duke of Norfolk Lord High-Steward of England where praying the Opinion of the Court Whether a Man doing an Act by Authority of the Prince's Council and by Warrant of the Great Seal of England and doing nothing without the same may be charg'd with Treason for any thing done by virtue of the same And being answer'd That the Great Seal which he laid for his Warrant was not the Seal of the Lawful Queen of the Realm but the Seal of an Usurper and therefore no Warrant to him he confess'd the Indictment as also did the other two and had Judgment as in Cases of High-Treason Aug. 18. the same Year On which the said Duke was beheaded the 22d and Queen Mary Crown'd Octob. 1. following At which time also she publish'd a General Pardon in which notwithstanding were excepted by Name the Archbishops of Canterbury and York the Bishop of London and others of the Clergy and the two Chief Justices Sir Edward Montacute and Sir Roger Cholmley with other Men of the Law for counselling or at least consenting to the Deprivation of Queen Mary and aiding the aforesaid Duke of Northumberland in the pretended Right of
Husband out of England and recommends to her the Lord Robert Dudley whom not long after she made Earl of Leicester withal promising That if she would marry him she should by Authority of Parliament be declar'd her Successor in case she died without Issue But whether it were that she disdain'd the one or that she was loth to make a breach with England by accepting the other nothing came of either But having by the leave of Queen Elizabeth gotten Henry Lord Darnly Son of Matthew Stuart Earl of Lenox by Margaret Douglas Niece of Henry VIII by his eldest Sister out of England upon pretence of restoring him to the Possessions of his Father who had been in England as an Exile now twenty years made him Lord Armanack Earl of Ross and Duke of Rothsey a Dukedom by Birth appertaining to the eldest Sons of the Kings of Scotland married him in five Months after and with the Consent of most of the Peers of Scotland declar'd him King about June 1565. A Person of a Princely Presence and not above Nineteen Years of Age. The Prior of St. Andrew's the Queen 's base Brother but one that more affecting a Temporal Honour than a Spiritual Title had been made Earl of Murray had under-hand dealt with Queen Elizabeth to have prevented this Marriage in excuse of which the Queen was let know She had no reason to be displeased with it inasmuch as she had follow'd her Advice Not to marry a Stranger but an Englishman born Nor perhaps was Queen Elizabeth much troubled at it as knowing the mild Disposition of the Lord Darnly and how little of Strength it added to the Queen of Scots but on the contrary foreseeing it would beget Troubles in Scotland which was the Security of England However it were the Queen of Scots being brought to Bed of a Son June 19. 1566. she sent Queen Elizabeth notice of it who congratulated her safe Deliverance and her Son and was his Godmother and by her and the respective Ambassadours of Charles King of France and Philibert Duke of Savoy gave him the Name of Charles James in whom afterwards in Right of his said Mother the Crowns of England and Scotland came to be united Murray thus disappointed where he least expected complies with the present and strikes in with the yet Inadvertency of the young King and makes a Division between the Queen and him which his Instruments so improv'd with her that whereas before in publick Acts she had used to place her Husband's Name first she now caused it to be placed last and in her Coin began to leave it out quite Nor was the Breach yet so wide but it might have been clos'd again had not Murray created a Jealouâ—ie in him concerning one David Rizie an Italian the Queen's Secretary and told him plainly it stood not with his Honour to suffer him to live which so netled the King that rushing one Evening into the Queen's Chamber when she was at Supper he caused the said Rizie to be dragg'd out of her presence and murder'd of which afterwards the King grew so sensible that he threatned a Revenge upon Murray who had counsell'd him to it which the other prevented in striking the first Blow by procuring the King to be strangled in his Bed his Body thrown into the Garden and the House immediately blown up the Queen whatever the Rumour of the People were least doubitng her Brother Murray And here comes his Master-piece The Earls of Bothwell and Morton had been his Confederates in the Murder and when the Days of Mourning were a little over Murray by himself and his Instruments insinuates to her the danger of the Kingdom by her being thus left alone and advises her to marry some one that might be able to assist her against all her Opposers and after some time recommends Bothwell to her a Person in favour with her and of great Eminence for his Valour To which being destitute of Friends she at last consents provided due respect might be had to her young Son and that Bothwell legally acquit himself of her Husband's Murder Whereupon Bothwell stands his Trial and is acquitted by his Judges On which the Queen makes him Duke of Orkney and by Consent of many of the Nobility marries him 1567. And now Murray is where he would be for having during Queen Mary's abode in France by his Patriarch Knox and his Chaplain Buchannan under PRETENCE of Reformation embroil'd the Kingdom by affirming That Royalty was not tied to any Stock or Kindred but Vertue only whether the Parties were legitimate or not thereby making way to the Kingdom for himself and not being able to have hindred the Queen's second Marriage made a Discord between her and him whom he afterwards murder'd this Murray the same Man that had acquitted Bothwell and not only advis'd but promoted his Marriage with the Queen now takes Arms against her as privy to Bothwell's Murder of her Husband On this Bothwell finding himself out-witted flies into Denmark and Murray seizes the Queen and vilely threw her into Prison in Loch-levyn under the Custody of his Mother the Concubine of James V. but now boasting herself to have been his Wife and her Son his lawful Issue During which time Knox and his Disciples thunder against her from the Pulpits Buchannan with his De Jure Regni apud Scotos and Murray with his armed Logick so terrifie her that she resign'd her Kingdom to her Son scarce Thirteen Months old and made Murray Regent of Scotland during his Minority alledging to Queen Elizabeth for her so doing That she had done it through the Counsel of her-Ambassadour Throckmorton who told her That a Grant extorted from one in Prison which is a just Fear is actually void and of none effect However on this the young King was Crown'd and Murray proclaim'd Regent but the Queen still kept in Prison from whence after Eleven Months imprisonment by the help of one of the Douglas's she makes an escape to Hamilton-Castle where in a meeting of a great part of the Nobility this extorted Resignation of the Queen's is declar'd actually void from the beginning Whereupon Multitudes flock in to her but being undisciplin'd they are defeated by Murray Herself nevertheless making an escape into England landed at Wickington in Cumberland May 17. 1568. having first sent her Servant Beaton to Queen Elizabeth to intimate her Intention with a Diamond Ring also which she had formerly receiv'd from her as a Pledge of mutual Amity Nor was she sooner landed than she wrote her a Letter thereby declaring her Condition and withal desiring she might be conducted to her Presence To which Queen Elizabeth by a Letter sent by Sir Francis Knolles return'd her a comfortable Answer and promised her Aid and Defence according to the Equity of her Cause but deny'd her access for that she was held guilty of many Crimes and therefore order'd her to be brought to Carlisle From thence she seconded her first Letter
further praying That she might have leave to unfold the Injuries she had receiv'd and answer the Crimes objected in her presence withal alledging It was but reasonable that the Queen should hear her and restore her to her Kingdom against those whom when they liv'd in exile for their Offences against her she had fully restor'd at the Queen's Intercession but to her own undoing if not prevented in time Lastly beseeching her That she might have admittance to her and assistance from her or depart out of the Kingdom with her leave to crave aid elsewhere forasmuch as she came into it of her own accord as relying upon her Love so often honourably promis'd by Letters Messages and Tokens Upon this the Queen commiserating her Condition could have found in her Heart to have restor'd her had the Council thought it stood with the Queen's security And therefore the Question was What should be done with her To detain her in England it was to be fear'd those that favour'd her Title to the Crown would leave nothing unattempted to set it on her Head And moreover the Trust of Keepers was very uncertain To send her for France the Guises her Kindred were too powerful and to return her into Scotland those that favour'd the English would be put from their Places the French advanc'd the young King expos'd to danger the Religion chang'd Ireland invaded by the Highlanders and Queen Elizabeth in hazard at home And therefore it was thought best to detain her 'till she had given satisfaction for usurping the Title and Arms of England and anser'd for the Death of the Lord Darnly a Native Subject of the Queen's Yet it had this effect That the Queen sent to Murray and his Confederates to come and answer the Queen of Scots's Complaints and give sufficient Reasons why they had depriv'd her or that she would restore her On which Murray with seven others came to York the Place appointed and were the same Day met by the Duke of Norfolk and two others Commissioners for Queen Elizabeth But the Queen of Scots disdaining to be heard by her Subjects or any thing less than the Queen her self nothing came of it but Words And Murray return'd to his Regency but riding through Lithquo was shot dead by a Hamilton 1569. In whose room was elected by the Lords of Scotland the before-mention'd Matthew Earl of Lenox the young King's Grandfather And now frequent applications having been made to Queen Elizabeth by the Ambassadours of France and Spain for the Delivery of the Queen of Scots but without effect she was Excommunicated by Pope Pius V. Feb. 24. the same Year which occasion'd her many Troubles and at last the death of the Queen of Scots who after an Eighteen Years imprisonment was arraign'd tried and sentenc'd by ' special Commission at Fotheringham-Castle for that pretending a Title to the Crown of England she was privy and consenting to several Treasons tending to the Invasion of England and the Hurt Death and Destruction of the Queen Octob. 25. 1586. And thereupon Infesto Regibus Exemplo as says her Epitaph securi percutitur Feb. 8. following and Forty sixth Year of her Age albeit the King of France and more particularly the King of Scots her Son and several others made strong Intercessions to have sav'd her However the Queen seems troubled at her Death and lays it to the Inconsiderateness of her Secretary Davyson and to that purpose sent a Letter in excuse of it written with her own Hand by Sir Robert Cary whom the King refus'd to set foot in Scotland and with much ado receiving his Letter re call'd his Ambassadour and breath'd nothing but Revenge And yet the Queen gave not over but sending him the Sentence of the Star Chamber against Davyson and an Instrument signed by all the Judges in which they averr That the Sentence against the Queen of Scott could in no wise prejudice his Right in the Succession it so mollified that he made a Vertue of Necessity and chose rather to wait with Patience thâ—n hazard all by an uncertain War with England And now come that Climacterical Year of the World as Astrologers call'd it to wit 1588 at what time there being an actual Treaty then on foot between the Crowns of England and Spain and Commissioners on both sides then sitting upon it near Ostend but made use of by the Prince of Parma only to trifle away time 'till the Spanish Armada came upon the English Coast Philip II. King of Spain makes an attempt upon England with 130 Ships whereof 72 were Galeasses and Galleons in which were 19290 Soldiers besides Mariners and Gally-Slaves to have been join'd by the Prince of Parma with 50000 Veterans But where ever lay the Miscarriage abroad every hand was so at work at home that enobling our Coasts with their mighty Spoils those few of them that escap'd return'd with more Confasion than they set forth with Expectation After which the King of Scots by her Ambassidour Sir Robert Sidney let the Queen know That he had over-pass'd all Injuries and desired a sincere and perfect Amity with her And as an instance of it not only married Anne Daughter of Frederick II. King of Denmark with the Queen 's good liking 1589. But when O Rork having rebell'd against her in Ireland was driven into Scotland he was upon the Queen's Request deliver'd back into Ireland 1590. Nor was there after that any Solemnity of an Embassie ever pass'd between them but as occasion offer'd it was constantly dispatch'd by a private Messenger 'till the day of her death which the Scots had a long time impatiently expected but believ'd never would be while there was an Old Woman alive in England tho' at last it came to pass March 24. 1602. in the 69th year of her Age and 45th of her Reign But never married XXIV § VIII To her succeeded James VI. Kiug of Scotland Grandchild of James IV. King of Scotland by Margaret eldest Daughter of Henry VII King of England who the Male Line being extinct had the indisputable Title to the Crowns of England and Ireland and was thereupon proclaim'd King of England Scotland and Ireland the same Day that the Queen died Of which he had first notice by an unsent Messenger the before-mention'd Sir Robert Cary whom upon his coming into England he some Years after made Baron Leppington And upon a more solemn Address from the Lords of the Council came for England and was together with his Queen Crown'd July 25. 1603. being St. James's Day A little before which there having been several Embassies made to Congratulate their Access to the Crown the King created a Standing Officer for the Reception and Introduction of Ambassadours by the Name of Master of the Ceremonies with the yearly Fee of 200 l. of whom the first was Sir Lewis Lakenor Nor had the King been scarce warm in his Throne when the Lord Cobham and others were arraign'd and convicted of High-Treason for a
Conspiracy to kill the King raise a Rebellion alter Religion subvert the State and procure an Invasion of which Sir Walter Raleigh a mortal Enemy to Spain and no Friend of the Scots was one and after a Fourteen Years reprieval by the means of the Spanish Lieger Gundomar had his Head taken off upon the former Judgment though there wanted not those that thought it was Jure Injuria And now came on the Business of Spain As King of Scotland the King was in Amity with Spain as King of England at War with it And therefore finding himself under that double Circumstance he first call'd in all Letters of Mart against the Spaniard and not long after concluded a Peace with them to the Confirmation of which Albertus and Isabella Archdukes of Austria were sworn And thus in Peace with all Christendom the King created his Second Son Charles Duke of Albany then Four Years old Duke of York Jan. 2. 1604. with the yearly Fee of 40 l. payable by the Sheriff of York out of the Issues c. of that County The Year following was discover'd the Gun-Powder Treason Plot which ended in the Attainder and Death of the Conspirators and was particularly congratulated by the King of Spain and Archdukes of Austria In the Year 1610. the King having had an Aid of his Subjects to make his Son a Knight created Prince Henry now Seventeen Years of Age Prince of Wales but he liv'd not long to enjoy it for during the Treaty of a Marriage between Frederick Prince Palatine of the Rhine with the Lady Elizabeth the King 's only Daughter he sell sick and died Novemb. 6. 1612. However the Marriage took effect and was consummated on St. Valentine's Day following And Prince Charles created Prince of Wales 1615. But hear the time the King had created his Son Henry Prince of Wales he created a new Patent-Honour of descendible Knighthood by the Name of Knights Baronets The occasion thus In the beginning of the King's Reign Charles Lord Montjoy Lord Deputy of Ireland return'd for England and brought over with him Hugh O Neal Earl of Tyrone who Queen Elizabeth yet living had submitted himself to the Queen's Mercy and whom the King pardon'd and made proclamation That he should be treated with Respect and Honour And yet in 1609. he goes off into Ireland and with Tyrconnel and others gets beyond-Sea and sollicites a new Assistance from foreign Princes but having left several forfeited Lands behind them in the Counties of Colerain Tyrone and Donegal the King comes to Articles with the City of London for the planting and building the same Which being accepted the King by his Charter 1611. erects the Ville of Derry into a City and the Town of Colerain into a Mayor-Town and together with the said forfeited Lands consolidates the whole into one County by the Name of the County of London-Derry And having by the same Charter created a Body Politick of Twenty four Persons Twelve of them to be annually elected out of the Twelve First Companies of London for the Government of the same by the Name of The Society of the Governour and Assistants London of the New Plantation of Ulster in the Realm of Ireland grants the said City Town County and forfeited Lands to the said Society and their Successors in perpetuity under the yearly Rent of 205 l. And now to give Countenance to it and put 200000 l. in his Pocket without being beholden to his Subjects he erected this new Honour and for him his Heirs and Successors covenanted with each of them respectively That they and the Heirs Males of their Body should take Place next the youngest Sons of Barons That by way of augmentation to their own Arms they should bear a part of O Neal's Arms viz. in a Canton or Escutcheon Argent a hand Dextre couped Gules And lastly stinted their Number to Two hundred Persons whose Issue as they chanc'd to fail should not be supplied with new Persons but the Order to run out In which last Clause yet the King covenanted for himself only and left out his Heirs and Successors tho' if the printed Lists be true Himself made Two hundred and One. In consideration of which each of them was to maintain Thirty Foot-Soldiers in Ireland for Three Years after the rate of Eight-pence a Day and for the payment of the Monies strike a Tally in the Exchequer for 1000 l. The King also some time after erected a like Order of Baronets of Nova Scotia who instead of the said Hand dextre couped should wear an Orange-colour'd Ribbon athwart their Shoulders as Knights of the Bath their Red Ribbon with a Medal on which the Arms of Scotland were enamell'd and a Pear-Pearl at the end of it with this Motto Faxment is honestae Gloria But whether besides the advantage of another Plantation he got as much by the one as he did by the other does not appear Though this may be said of both All Parties were well satisfied Nor happen'd there during this time any thing much remarkable saving the breaking one Favourites Neck to make way for another the placing and displacing of Great Officers the frequent Creations of Nobility which though it added to their Number may perhaps be thought to have taken from their Grandeur and the Death of Queen Anne which happen'd March 2. 1619. The Palsgrave Frederick thus strengthen'd with the Alliance of England was in the Year 1621. elected King of Bohemia Nor was he sooner invested in the Crown than the Imperial Bann issued against him which was so seconded with a longer Sword that having lost the Battel of Prague and with it his New Crown and his own Patrimony of the Upper and Lower Palatinate he was forc ' to retire into Holland On this King James though he never could be brought to own his Son-in-Law as a King had that care of his Daughter that he sent an Embassie to the Emperour to sollicite the Restitution of the Palatinate which returning without success he consults Gundomar what to do in the matter who advises him to make a Marriage with the Prince his Son and the Infanta of Spain Which said he would be easily effected if the Prince might have leave to make a Journey into Spain Which was accordingly done and the Prince receiv'd with all the Kindness and Magnificence imaginable Where having been spun out for eight Months together to no purpose contrary to the Expectation of most Men he return'd safe into England Whereupon the King taking new measures it was first resolv'd to recover the Palatinate by Arms in which the Parliament promised him a liberal Assistance and next to provide the Prince a Wife elsewhere For which purpose an Embassie was sent into France to treat of a Marriage with Henrietta Maria younger Daughter of King Henry IV. and Sister of Lewis XIII King of France which took effect but was not consummated 'till after the Death of King James which happen'd March 27. 1625. in the
to him deseated a strong Party under the Command of Sir John Browne and from one step to another at last takes St. Johnstoun He was now about laying a Siege to Sterlin-Castle when the King taking the Opportuity march'd his Army into England by the way of Carliste Aug. 6. 1651. where he was forthwith proclaim'd King and met no opposition 'till he came to Warrington Bridge where Lambert got up with his Reer and was worsted But the King 's wearied Army being not able to reach London he came to Worcester Aug. 22. 1651. where probably he might have expected Supplies though few came in to him saving Sir Cecil Howel Son of the Lord Howard of Escrick who met him by the way with about 60 Horse of his own raising and the Earl of Darby with 250 Foot and about 70 Horse at Worcester from whence going into Lancashire with a considerable number of Officers that had serv'd King Charles I. he form'd a reasonable Army but ere he could get back to the King was intercepted and with the slaughter of most of them taken Prisoner himself and not long after beheaded notwithstanding the Quarter that had been given him On this Cromwel surrounds Worcester where whether it were by Fate or Treachery he gave the King a total Rout the said Septemb. 3. was a Year with the slaughter of 2000 and 8000 taken Prisoners besides 76 Cornets of Horse and 99 Colours of Foot with the King's Standard However the King leaving Colonel Carlosse in his Reer got off in the dark to a House of the Earl of Darby's about Twenty five Miles from Worcester where by the Diligence of the said Colonel and the Fidelity of the Pendrils Men of an ordinary Condition he was first preserv'd in an Oak and from one Disguise to another at last safely landed in France by a small Cole-Bark of which one Tettershal was Master Octob. 22. following And now Cromwel returns triumphantly thro' London with his Trophies and Prisoners driven before him the former of which he hung up in Westminster-Hall and so dieted the latter in Tuttle-Fields that there being scarce 500 of them left alive he sold them Slaves to the Barbadoes But ere he came out of Scotland he had left the Chief Command of the English Forces there to General Monck a Gentleman of an ancient Family in Devon bred a Soldier in the Low-Country Wars and who had honourably serv'd King Charles I. both in England and Ireland but being taken Prisoner by the Parliament and under some straits in the Tower Cromwel who could not engage him to draw his Sword for them in England prevails yet with him to go with him into Scotland against the Covenanters Where having left him Sterlin-Castle was in a short time deliver'd to him Dundee taken by storm and the rest of the Kingdom generally subdu'd or submitted to the New Lords at Westminster On which they enacted the Union of the two Nations and the Abolition of Monarchy in Scotland And yet ere matters came to this heighth there fell an occasion of Quarrel between the Dutch and them Dorislaus who drew the Charge against King Charles I. had been sent by them Ambassadour to the Hague where about a dozen Cavaliers headed by one Whitford enter'd his Chamber as he was at Supper with some of the States kill'd him and got away As not long after ran the same fate Ascham their Envoy at Madrid However this Infant-State thought it not fit to make a downright Quarrel 'till they could go by themselves but sent other Ambassadours St. Johns and Strickland to offer a League with the United Provinces which was entertain'd with so little forwardness that within a Month after the Battel of Worcester they passed an Act against the importing of Merchandize in other than English Bottoms disturb'd their Fishing on the English Coast search'd their Ships as carrying Provisions to France and made some of them Prize And now the Dutch send their Ambassadours to desire that Friendship they before slighted and the Rump on the other hand so stood on Terms never likely to be granted that it came to Blows and the Dutch wisely made the Flag the state of the Quarrel Whereupon ensued several Naval Engagements The first of these was May 17. 1652. where with 23 Ships against 42 of the Dutch of which one was taken another sunk and no one of the English so much as disabled Blake first asserted the Dominion and carried it for that time and the States excus'd it as a rash Action done by Trump without their Privity or Consent But the Men at Westminster requiring Satisfaction for their Charge and Damages before they would hear further It came to a second between Sir George Askew and De Ruyter Aug. 16. and may be call'd a Drawn-Battel though the Dutch out-number'd him by Ten Ships During this time Blake had spoil'd and dispers'd their Herring-Fishing and taken Twelve Men of War that guarded them On which follow'd a third Engagement Octob. 28. between Blake Monck and Deane joint Admirals for the English and Witt Wittens and De Ruyter for the Dutch in which the Reer-Admiral of the Dutch was boarded and taken Two others sunk and One blown up besides Five of their West India Ships and Six Streights-Men which Blake had taken in his coming up to it The fourth was Novemb. 29. with 80 Dutch Ships against 40 English then riding in the Downs not expecting an Engagement in which Blake lost the Garland taken the Bonadventure burnt and three others sunk and by the favour of the Night got off with the rest On which Trump stuck a Broom in his Main-top The fifth was Feb. 8. off of Portland which lasted three Days and in which the English lost one Ship The Sampson and Blake receiv'd a desperate Wound on his Hip the Lameness of which he never recover'd but took Eleven of their Ships of War besides Thirty Merchant-Men On which the Rump laid a Tax of 120000 l. a Month for the maintaining the War The sixth was June 2. 1653. at what time Trump coming upon our Coasts with 104 Ships of War 12 Galleots and 9 Fire-ships was encountred by Monck and Deane with 100 of all sorts The Fight was desperate and lasted two Days during which without any one Ship lost or disabled and saving his Colleagne Deane who was taken off by the Waste by a Great-shot but one Captain kill'd Monck sunk six of their best Ships saw two others blown up and took eleven of which three were Flag-ships when at last Blake coming in with 18 fresh Ships the Dutch got off upon their Flatts The seventh and last Engagement was July 29. when Trump coming up with 95 Ships was met by Monck who by reason of Blake's Indisposition now commanded singly with 106 Ships and fought it 'till Night parted them But by the next Morning Trump being re-enforc'd with 25 Ships by Wittens and Monck having given Orders through his Fleet neither to give nor take Quarter
dispensation from his Holiness he married the Princess Mary Frances Elizabeth his Brother's Wife who departing this Life Dec. 27. 1683. he in 1687. took to Wife the Lady Mary Sophia Daughter of Philip William Elector Palatine He has a Daughter by the first Venture now living viz. Mary Elizabeth born 1669. and in 1689. Contracted to John William eldest Son of Philip William Elector Palatine As for the present Queen she was brought to Bed Aug. 30. 1688. of a young Prince whose date of Life was very short for it died the third of Sept. in the same Year However there is just now arrived an Express whilst we were writing this with the happy news of the Birth of a second Prince born this present October 1689. to whom God grant long Life and happy Success His name is John Of the Augmentation of This House § V. BY what has been already said it plainly appears how Alphonso the First made Himself King of Portugal Afterwards Alphonso the Third obtained the Kingdom of Algarve by way of Dowry with his Queen the Princess Beatrix Daughter of Alphonso the Tenth King of Castile In 1415. John the Bastard possessed himself of the City of Ceuta in Africk His Son Henry discovered the Madera and subdu'd the Fortunate Islands and put his Country-men in Possession of them An. 1620. Alphonso the Fifth took Tangier Arcilla and Alcassar in Africa Emanuel by his General Albuquerque made himself Master of the Cities of Ormus Malaca Cochin and Goa in the East-Indies In Africk he subdued great part of Barbary Guinee Congo the Isle of St. Thomas Mosambique Melinda Mombaza and Zefala as also Brasil in America Moreover the Portuguese hold the City of Maoco situate in an Island not far from China as also the Azores Islands the chiefest of which is Tercera Of its Decrease § VI. THo' Portugal for some considerable time acknowledged the Spanish Government yet it was restored to it self in the Fortieth Year of this Century Since which time little or no Encroachments have been made on it by any King or State except the Hollanders whose East-India Company have by little and little wrested from the Portuguese in a manner all they were possessed of in those Parts some few Places excepted From all which it is plain that This Family has Pretensions to no other Places but those taken from it by the Dutch CHAP. VII Of the Palatine and Bavarian Family § I. HEnry the Lyon Duke of Bavaria and Saxony of whom we shall make farther mention when we come to treat of the House of Brunswick and Lunenburg being Proscribed and Outed of all his Territories by the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa Otho Earl of Wittelsbach and Scyre was created Duke of Bavaria by the said Emperor in the Year 1180. This Otho begat Lewis Father of Otho the Second Otho the Second married Agnes sole Daughter and Heiress of Henry the Younger Prince Palatine of the Rhine and by reason thereof obtained of the Emperor Frederick the Second the Investiture of that Palatinate together with the Electoral Dignity An. 1227. His death bears date 1253. And his Issue were 1. Lewis the Severe born Ap. 13. 1229. of whom more in the next Section 2. Elizabeth married after the decease of the Emperor Conrade the Fourth her first Husband to Meinhard Earl of Goritia and Tyrole deceased 1270. 3. Sophia the Wife of Albert Count d' Albersberg And 4. Henry born 1235. who had the Lower Bavaria for his Patrimony and married the Daughter of Bela the Fourth King of Hungary by whom he had Issue Three Sons 1. Otho his Successor in Bavaria elected also King of Hungary in opposition to Charles Martel An. 1305. but afterwards taken Prisoner by the Veywode of Transilvania and died 1312. having first regained his liberty and leaving Issue an only Son who was named Henry and taken off by a suddain and accidental death 2. Lewis deceased without Issue 1296. And 3. Stephen Duke of the Lower Bavaria deceased 1â—11 leaving Issue 1st Otho deceased Issueless 2dly Henry who begat John which John took to Wife his Cousin Elizabeth Daughter to the Emperor Lewis of Bavaria but dying without Issue his Father-in-law the Emperor seized on the Lower Bavaria notwithstanding the Pretensions and Protestations of Adolph Elector Palatine the nearer Kinsman 3dly Beatrix married to Henry Earl of Goritia 4thly Elizabeth given in Marriage to Otho of Austria Fifth Son to the Emperor Albert the First And 5thly Agnes who was veiled a Nun. § II. We now return to Lewis the Severe Count and Elector Palatine who elected Rudolph the First Emperor but was afterwards Proscribed himself by Adolph of Nassau the succeeding Emperor yet upon making his Innocency appear was receiv'd again into favour and ended his days at Heidelberg An. 1294. This Prince had Three Wives the first of which was Mary Daughter of Henry Duke of Brabant beheaded by him out of Jealousie Feb. 1. 1256. The second Anne Daughter of Conrade Duke of Glogow deceased 1268. And the third Mechtilda or Maud Daughter to the Emperor Rudolph the First deceased Decemb. 23. 1304. His Issue by these Ladies were 1. Lewis the Second deceased before his Father An. 1290. being accidentally but mortally wounded at a Tournament 2. Rudolph born 1274. of whom more in the next Section 3. Another Lewis of whom we shall treat in the 18th Section as Author of the Bavarian Line 4. Anne married to Henry Landtgrave of Hesse And 5. Mechtilda or Maud to Otho Duke of Lunenburg Of the Palatine Line in particular § III. RUdolph succeeded his Father Lewis in the Palatinate and Electoral Dignity and was Author of the Rudolphine Line whereof mention is made in the Fourth Art of the Instrument of the Peace of Osnaburg This Prince opposed himself to the Designs of the Emperor Albert the First which created him much mischief Nor cou'd he ever agree with his Brother Lewis who reduced him in the end to such extremities as forced him to take Refuge in England where he died in Exile An. 1319. He had to his first Wife Mechtilda or Maud Daughter to the Emperor Adolph of Nassau deceased 1315. And to his second an English Princess of the same name By the first Venture he had Issue that out-liv'd him 1. Adolph the First born 1300. deceased 1327. of whom more in the next Section 2. Rudolph the Second made Elector after his Brother Adolph's decease and being reconciled to his Uncle Lewis of Bavaria the Emperour had the whole Palatinate put into his hands He departed this Life 1353. leaving Issue by his Wife Anne Daughter of Otho Duke of Carinthia only one Daughter of her Mother's name and afterwards married to the Emperor Charles the Fourth 3. Rupert the First who opened the University of Heidelberg in the Year 1346. and after his Brother Rudolph's decease succeeded in the Electoral Dignity He made an Expedition ' gainst the Impostor of Brandenburg who pretended to be Waldomar the late deceased Marquess of that
dy'd 1687. Anthony the Elder Brother born June 4. 1489. had the Dutchy of Lorrain and Barry and dy'd June 15. 1544. leaving Issue by Renata of Bourbon Daughter of Gilbert Earl of Montpensier Francis Duke of Lorrain and Bar a Prince adorned with all the Beauties of Mind and Body but taken off by an Apoplexy in the Flower of his Youth His only Son was Charles the Second Duke of Lorrain and Bar born Feb. 18. 1543. married Claudia Daughter of Henry the Second King of France and died Dec. 10. 1608. His Issue were 1. Henry Duke of Lorrain and Bar born Nov. 8. 1563. who succeeded his Father and took to Wife Catharine Daughter of Anthony King of Navarre An. 1599. But she dying in 1604. he Two Years after married Margaret Gonzaga Daughter of Vincent Duke of Mantua By the last Lady he left Issue Two Daughters Nicholaea born 1608. and Claudia The one married to Charles the Third and deceased Feb. 20. 1657. The other to Nicholas Francis and died 1656. 2. Christina born Aug. 6. 1565. married to Ferdinand the Great Duke of Tuscany 1589. deceased Jan. 19. 1637. 3. Charles Bishop of Metz and Strasburg born July 1. 1567. he was likewise promoted to the Dignity of a Cardinal on Dec. 12. 1588. 4. Antonia born Aug. 26. 1568. married to William Duke of Cleves and Mons 1599. deceased Aug. 18. 1610. 5 Anne born and deceased 1570. 6. Francis Count de Vaudemont born Feb. 27. 1571. of whom in the next Section 7. Catharine Lady Abbess of Remirmont born Nov. 3. 1572. deceased March 7. 1648. 8. Elizabeth born Nov. 3. 1573. married to Maximilian Duke of Bavaria 1595. deceased Jan. 4. 1635. And 9. Claudia born and deceased 1574. § III. We now return to Francis Count de Vaudemont who succeeded his Brother Henry in the Dutchies of Lorrain and Bar married Christina Daughter of Paul Count Solms and died 1632. leaving Issue Five Children whose Names were 1. Henry deceased an Infant 2. Charles the Third his Father's Successor born 1603. a Bold and Valiant Prince yet by reason of some Divisions and Discontents in his Family but chiefly seeing himself like to die without Issue sold all his Dominions to the French King But beginning to repent of what he had done and willing to evade his Contract was forced to stand to it by the French who beat him out of his Dutchy which he could never again recover His first Dutchess was Nicholaea Daughter to his Uncle Duke Henry whom he Divorc'd and married Beatrix de Cussance Daughter of Eugenius Prince of after whose decease he in 1665. took Mary Daughter of Charles Count d' Aspremont to his third Wife yet died without lawful Issue An. 1675. 3. Nicholas Francis Bishop of Toul promoted to a Cardinal's Hat in 1626. yet afterwards quitted his Orders and acted a secular Prince marrying the Lady Claudia Daughter to his Uncle Henry Duke of Lorrain which Match gave Birth to the most Illustrious Hero Charles Leopold Sixtus of whom in the next Section 4. Henrica born 1606. deceased 1660. having had Five Husbands namely 1. Lewis de Guise 2. Jerom Grimaldi 3. Christopher de Moura 4. Charles de Gascoigne And 5. The Baron de Cantelou 5. Margaret born 1616. married to Gaston John Baptist Duke of Orleans 1632. deceased Ap. 13. 1672. § IV. We are now come to speak of Charles Leopold the now rightful Duke of Lorain born 1643. A Prince highly esteem'd by His Imperial Majesty whose General he is A Prince without dispute the greatest Hero of the Age having by his late Renowned Actions against the Turks which can scarce be Parallelled in Story joyned with what he daily performs against the French already raised himself to such a pitch of Glory as will render his Name Immortal to all Posterity In 1678. he married Eleanora Maria Josepha of Austria Sister to the present Emperor and Dowager of Michael late King of Poland who hath born him Issue at Inspruck in the Principality of Tyrol as followeth viz. 1. Leopoldus Josephus Carolus Agapetus Hyacintus born Sept. 11. 1679. 2. Josephus Johannes Antonius Ignatius Felicissimus born Nov. 24. 1680. 3. Another Son deceased before it was Christened 4. Ferdinandus Josephus Philippus Romanus Laurentius born Aug. 17. 1683. 5. Josephus Innocentius Emanuel Felicianus Constantinus born Oct. 20. 1685. 6. Franciscus Antonius Josephus Maria Ambrosius Nicholaus born Dec. 8. 1689. N. S. CHAP. XVIII Of the Family of the Duke of Tuscany § I. WE remark'd above in the Life of the Emperor Rudolph the First That he alienated from the Empire and gave their Freedom to several Cities in Italy amongst which the City of Florence paid for her Liberty 6000 Shillings But upon the breaking out of great Heats and Tumults between the Commons and the Nobles in the Year 1311. it submitted it self to the Protection of Robert King of Naples according to Machiavil Sicily but it did not long continue in that State but was afterwards under the Government of the Duke of Calabria and after him of the Dukes of Athens who having renounced the Government and the Nobles being over-powered by the Commonalty it became Monarchial For An. 1434. Cosmo de Medices a Citizen and whose Ancestors were Merchants was elected Prince by the Populace Piero or Peter de Medices Prince Cosmo's Grandson having without the Senates knowledge entred into a League with the French King Chap. VIII was ejected by the Flerentines who enjoy'd their ancient Liberty till An. 1512. Ferdinand the Catholick King restor'd the Medicean Family which nevertheless in the Year 1529. was again expell'd by the Flerentines And altho' the Emperor Chap. V. seized on the City and made Alexander de Medices who had married his natural Daughter Margaret their Governour yet he being Slain the Populace made choice of his Kinsman Cosmo de Medices § II. This Cosmo commonly called the First was declared King of Tuscany by Pope Paul the Fifth in 1569. But upon the Emperor Maximilian the Second's much opposing it he threw aside the Title of King and took that of Great Duke of Tuscany His Son Francis in 1575. married Joan the Daughter of the Emperor Ferdinand the First by whom he had Ferdinand the First Father of Cosmo the Second who died 1670. and left a Son Cosmo the Third born 1642. the present Grand Duke who by Margaret Lovise Daughter of Gaston John Baptist Duke of Orleans has a Son viz. Gaston who in 1688. married Violanta Beatrix Daughter of Ferdinand Maria and Sister to the present Elector of Bavaria § III. As for what concerns this Prince's Dominions In Tuscany and Pisa he is Soveraign But Feudatory to His Catholick Majesty for Siena and Massa and great part of the Isse of Elbe to whom upon that account he yearly pays 10000 Florins Lastly he holds the City Saturnia as a Fief of the Empire His Power may be guess'd by his Yearly Revenues which are estimated at 1800000 Shillings CHAP. XIX Of the House of Savoy
and Charles the I. By W. Drummond The Faithful Register or The Debates in four several Parliaments viz. That at Westminster Octob. 21. 1680 that at Oxford March 21. 1680 and the two last Sessions of King James The Works of Cornelius Tacitus Made English by Mr. Dryden Sir Roger L'Estrange and other Gentlemen with the Political Reflections and Historical Notes of Monsieur Amelot and those of the Learn'd Sir Henry Savile In Three Volumes Modern Curiosities of Art and Nature extracted out of the Cabinets of the most eminent Personages of the French Court. By the Sieur Lemery The Compleat Chirurgeon or The whole Art of Chirurgery explain'd in a most familiar Method Written in French by M. le Clere Physician and Privy-councellor to the French King The Family-Physician and House-Apothecary By Gideon Harvey Physician to His Majesty The Third Edition revised and enlarged by the Author Memoirs of the Duke of Savoy during this War A Voyage in the Years 1695 1696 1697 on the Coasts of Africa c. by a Squadron of French Men of War Illustrated with Figures The Present State of England with Remarks upon the Ancient State thereof By Edward Chamberlain The 19th Edition with great Improvements Hennepin's New Discovery of a vast Country in America In two Parts Illustrated with Maps and Figures Dedicated to His Majesty King William Hobbs's Three Discourses viz. Of Humane Nature or The fundamental Elements of Policy De Corpore Politico or The Elements of Law Moral and Politick Of Liberty Necessity and Chance The Third Edition Valor Beneficiorum or A Valuation of all Ecclesiastical Preferments in England and Wales To which is added A Collection of Precedents in Ecclesiastical Matters Davenport's Abridgment of Cook on Littleton Advice to a Daughter By the Right Honourable the M. of H. The Fifth Edition corrected Idem in French Moral Maxims By the Duke of Rochefoncault Walsingham's Manual or Prudential Maxims of State for the States-man and the Courtier To which is now added Fragmenta Regalia or Observations on Queen Elizabeth her Times and Favours By Sir Robert Naunton Remembrances of Methods Orders and Proceedings used and observed in the House of Lords Extracted out of the Journals By Henry Scobel Esq Clark to the Parliament To which is added The Privile lges of the Barronage in and out of Parliament By John Selden Esq Memorials of the Method and Manner of Proceedings in Parliament in Passing Bills with the Orders of the House of Commons Gathered out of the Journal-books from the time of Edward VI. To which is added Arcana Parliamentaria with the Antiquity Power Order State Persons Manner and Proceedings in Parliament By Camden Selden Cotton c. Monarchy Asserted to be the Best most Ancient and Legal Form of Government in a Conference had at White-hall with Oliver Cromwell and a Committee of Parliament made good by the Arguments of Oliver Saint John Lord Chief Justice Lord Chief Justice Glyme Lord Whitlock Lord Lish Lord Frimes Lord Broghall the Master of the Rolls Sir Charles Woolsby Sir Richard Onslow Col. Jones The Art of Restoring Health explaining the Nature and Causes of Distempers and shewing that every Man is or may be his own best Physician By M. Flammand M. D. The Wisdom of the Ancients or The Apothegms of Plutarch Diogenes Laertius Aelian Stobaeus Macrobius Erasmus representing the Manners and Customs of the Greeks Romans and Lacedemonians By J. Bulteel Gent. The Second Edition Now in the Press The Compleat Gard'ner Or Directions for Cultivating and right Ordering of Fruit-gardens and Kitchen-gardens By the Famous Monsieur de la Quintinye chief Director of all the Gardens of the French King Is now at the Request of several of the Nobility and Gentry compendiously Abridg'd and made of more use with very considerable Improvements By George London and Henry Wise A Compleat Body of Chirurgical Operations Containing their Definitions and Causes from the Structures of the several Parts The Signs of the Diseases for which the Operations are made The Preparations for and the Manual Performance of each The Manner of Cure after every particular Operation Together with Remarks of the most skilful Practitioners upon each Case as also Instructions for Sea-Chirurgeons and all concerned in Midwifery The whole Illustrated with Copper-plates explaining the several Bandages and Instruments By Monsieur de la Vauguion M. D. and Intendant of the Royal Hospitals about Paris Done into English
of Weymar Pag. 293 Of the Branch of Gotha Pag. 296 Of the Albertine Line Pag. 300 Of its Augmentations or Increasings Pag. 312 Of its Losses or Decreasings Pag. 313 Of its Pretensions Pag. ibid. CHAP. IX Of the House of Brandenburg Pag. 314 Of the Line Electoral Pag. 320 Of the Line of Franconia Pag. 335 Of its Augmentations or Increasings Pag. 343 Of its Losses or Decreasings Pag. 347 Of its Pretensions Pag. 348 CHAP. X. Of the House of Brunswick and Lunenburg Pag. 349 Of the old Line of Brunswick or Wolfenbuttel Pag. 358 Of the Line of Lunenburg or Zell Pag. 365 Of the new Line of Brunswick or Wolfenbuttel Pag. 372 Of the Line of Zell and Hanouer Pag. 375 Of its Augmentations or Increasings Pag. 380 Of its Losses or Decreasings Pag. 383 Of its Pretensions Pag. ibid. CHAP. XI Of the House of Hesse Pag. 384 Of the Line of Cassel Pag. 397 Of the Line of Darmstadt Pag. 393 Of the Branch of Homburg Pag. 399 Of its Augmentations or Increasings Pag. 400 Of its Decreasings and Pretensions Pag. 402 CHAP. XII Of the House of Mecklenburg Pag. 403 Of the Line of Swerin Pag. 409 Of the Line of Custrow Pag. 411 Of its Augmentations or Increasings Pag. 413 CHAP. XIII Of the House of Wirtenburg Pag. 414 Of the Line Regent of Stugard Pag. 417 Of the Line of Mompelgard Pag. 421 Of the Line of Silesia or Oelss Pag. ibid. Of its Augmentations or Increasings Pag. 423 Of its Losses or Decreasings Pag. ibid. CHAP. XIV Of the House of Baden Pag. 422 Of the Line of Baden-Baden Pag. 428 Of the Line of Durlach Pag. 431 Of its Augmentations or Increasings Pag. 436 Of its Losses or Decreasings Pag. 437 CHAP. XV. Of the House of Anhalt and Sax-Lawenburg Pag. 438 Of the Line of Dessaw Pag. 442 Of the Line of Bernbourg Pag. 445 Of the Line of Plotzkow Pag. 447 Of the Line of Servestan Pag. 448 Of its Augmentations or Increasings Pag. 449 Of its Losses or Decreasings Pag. 450 CHAP. XVI Of the House of Nassau and Orange Pag. 451 Of the Line of Siege Pag. 454 Of the Line of Dillenburg Pag. 456 Of the Line of Dietz Pag. 457 Of the Line of Hadamar Pag. 458 CHAP. XVII Of the House of Lorrain Pag. 460 CHAP. XVIII Of the House of Tuscany or Florence Pag. 465 CHAP. XIX Of the House of Savoy Pag. 367 CHAP. XX. Of the House of Mantua Pag. 471 CHAP. XXI Of the House of Parma and Piacenza Pag. 473 CHAP. XXII Of the House of Modena Pag. 474 CHAP. XXIII Of the House of Courland Pag. 476 OBSERVATIONS Historical and Genealogical CHAP. I. Of the Genealogy of the House of Austria § I. BEing to give a Genealogical Account of all the Soveraign Princes now flourishing in Europe 't will be but just to begin with the House of Austria as being of the First Dignity Which as it owes its Original without doubt to the Earls of Habsburg so in tracing the Pedigree of those Earls most Genealogists are at a loss As for us we shall not doubt to derive 'em from the Counts of Mont-Aventine of the Anician Perleonian Family which was formerly of the greatest Repute and Authority of any in Rome and had its Seat on Mont-Aventine being chiefly induc'd thereunto by the Arguments us'd by Pet. Lambechius in his Comment de Biblioth Caesar lib. 2. c. 6. In the Twelfth Century there flourish'd in this Family one Leo Anicius Perleonius Count of Mont-Aventine whose Epitaph may be read in Cardinal Baronius's Ecclesiastical Annals ad Annum MC XL. He was descended in a direct Line from the Emperour Flavius Anicius Olybrius and in the Title to his Epitaph is styled The most Noble of the Romans His Son was Peter Leo Anicius Perleonius Count of Mont-Aventine whose Epitaph may be likewise found in the same Ecclesiastical Annals Tom. 12. ad Annum MC XLIV This Peter begat leo Maximus Anicius Perleonius who died in 1162. witness his Epitaph which may be seen to this day before St. Alexius his Church on Mont-Aventine in Rome and is recited by Arnoldus Wion in the First Part of his Lignum Vitae sive Histor Ord. Benedict as likewise by Johan Seifrid Abbot of Wethalen in his Arbor Aniciana lib. 1. c. 8. His Son was Albertus Dives Anicius Perleonius who was driven out of Rome in 1144. by the Arnaldastick Hereticks together with his Brother Rudolph in defence of the Roman See whereupon he travell'd into Switzerland and there married the Daughter of Wernerus last Earl of Habsburg of the Family of Altenburg and by that means became the first Earl of Habsburg of the Anician Perleonian Race See Abbot Seifrid Loc. Cit. c. 12. and lib. 3. Epist Dedicator Whence this Wernerus drew his Extraction the brevity of our present Design will not permit us to discourse those that wou'd be inform'd in that particular may consult amongst others the famous Philip James Spenerus in his Oper. Herald lib. 1. c. 9. § 62. 'T is sufficient for us to know that Albertus Dives Anicius was great Grandfather to Rudolph the fourth Earl of Habsburg and first German Emperour of the Anician Perleonian Family See the Patent of the Emperour Rudolph publish'd and cited by John Stumphius in his Hist Helv. lib. 7. c. 12. His Father was Albert surnam'd The Wise Earl of Habsburg his Mother Hedewig Countess of Kyburn and his Grandfather Rudolph surnam'd The Silent Son of Albertus Dives Anicius Perleonius Earl of Habsburg § II. Rudolph the First whom we shall here set down as the Common Father of the House of Austria was born May 1. 1218. and brought up in the Court of the Emperour Frederick the Second Afterwards made Lord High Mareschal in the Court of Ottocar King of Bohemia Returning home he enter'd on the Government of his own Hereditary Provinces and had frequent Wars with his Neighbours In 1273. he was chosen Emperour by the unanimous Consent of the Princes of the Empire and Crown'd the same Year at Aix la Chappelle But when Ottocar King of Bohemia refus'd him Homage he had a sharp War with him to force him to it Moreover he freed Germany from Robbers had Austria setled on his eldest Son Albert and Schwaben on Rudolph in 1282. at a Dyet then held at Ausburg introduc'd the use of the Teutonick both in publick Acts and private Contracts alienated the Cities of Florence Genoua and Luca from the Empire and declar'd 'em Free States And last of all ended his Days at Germershelm July 15. 1291. having had fifteen Children by his Empress Anne who was Daughter to the Earl of Hohenberg The Daughters were 1. Jutta married to Wenceslaus King of Bobemia and Poland deceased 1292. 2. Clementia to Charles Martell King of Hungary deceased 1295. 3. Maud to Lewis Elector Palatine deceased 1304. 4. Margaret to Diderick Earl of Cleves by some omitted 5. Agnes to Albert the second Duke of Saxony deceased 1311. 6. Hedewig to Otho Marquess of Brandenburg
deceased 1303. 7. Catharine to Otho Duke of Bavaria deceased 1285. And 8. Euphemia a profess'd Nun in the Austrian Covent at Tolne Of the Male Issue only three liv'd to be Men viz. 1. Albert the First Archduke of Austria born July 29. 1242. of whom more in the next Section 2. Hartmanus a Prince of excellent Endowments but lost in passing the Rhine as he was going to meet his Father in the 18th Year of his Aâ—e An. 1280. 3. Rudolph the Second Duke of Schwaben who married Agnes Daughter of Ottocar King of Bohemia on whom he begot a posthumous Son named John who proved afterwards the Murderer of his Uncle Albert the Emperour for which he was thrust into a Monastery where he died in 1313. § III. Thus we see how Albert the First surnam'd Monoculus from his having but one Eye the other being lost by Poison in his youth was the only Propagator of the Austrian Race who having vanquish'd the Emperour Adolph of Nassau set the Imperial Diadem on his own Head He had likewise good success in his Wars with the Electors of the Rhine His Empress was Elizabeth the Duke of Carinthia and Earl of Tyrol and Goritia's Daughter who bore him one and twenty Children Nevertheless he came to an unnatural Death in the heighth of his Felicity being kill'd by his Nephew John May 1. 1308. His Issue that survived were 1. Agnes married to Andrew the third King of Hungary 1296. deceased 1364. 2. Elizabeth married to Fredereck the third Duke of Lorrain in 1312. deceased 1353. being the Mother of six and twenty Children 3. Anne married to Hermannus Marquess of Brandenburg and after his decease to Henry the sixth Duke of Breslaw She died 1361. 4. Catharine espoused by the Emperour Henry of Luxenburg but he being poisoned in Iraly by a Monk she was afterwards married to Charles Duke of Calabria Heir apparent to the Kingdom of Naples and departed this life in 1324. 5. Gutta married to Lewis the seventh Earl of Oetingen in Schwaben deceased 1328. 6. Rudolph elected King of Bohemia but died an untimely death and without Issue An. 1307. 7. Frederick the Fair elected Emperour in 1314. and Crown'd by the Elector of Cologne Nevertheless making War upon Lewis of Bavaria who pretended to the same Dignity he was defeated An. 1324. and imprison'd by him for the space of three Years and then not set at liberty but on condition he should renounce all Pretensions to the Imperial Authority retaining only the Title He departed this life without Male Issue in the Year 1330. 8. Leopold the First Duke of Schwaben Landtgrave of Alsace Earl of Tyrol c. He attempted his Brother Frederick's releasment by Magick but in vain He began a War with the Swiss but was likewise unsuccessful in that His Dutchess was Isabel Daughter to Amadeus Duke of Savoy by whom he had only Daughters 9. Henry surnamed The Mild deceased without Issue Male in the Year 1327. having in this the same fate with Frederick and Leopold 10. Otho Duke of Stiria styled The Delight of his Subjects who had two Wives and by them two Sons but both died in their Infancy And 11. Albert surnamed The Wise in whose Issue alone the Austrian Family was preserv'd § IV. This Albert quitting his Cloyster married the Lady Joan sole Heiress to the Earldom of Pfirte He likewise founded St. Stephen's Church at Vienna and departed this life in the Year 1338. leaving Issue 1. Margaret married to Mienhard Earl of Tyrol and after his decease to Otho Marquess of Brandenburg 2. Agnes to Henry the second Duke of Silesia 3. Catharine profess'd a Nun. 4. Frederick the Second kill'd by a chance Shot a Hunting An. 1362. 5. Rudolph the Fourth deceased likewise without Issue 6. Albert the Third and last of all 7. Leopold the Second of whom more in the next Section Albert the Third in the Division of his Father's Inheritance 'twixt him and his Brother Leopold had Austria Stiria and Carinthia for his Lot in which he was succeeded by his Son Albert the Fourth surnam'd The Patient who by Joan Daughter of Albert Duke of Bavaria had Albert he Fifth a very fortunate Prince who not to mention his excellent Endowments of Mind was in the space of one Year inaugurated in the Bohemian Hungarian and Imperial Crowns An. 1438. before which the Marquisate of Moravia had been given him in Dowry with his Wife Elizabeth Daughter to the Emperour Sigismund whom he succeeded in the Empire by the Name of Albert the Second He was imbroil'd in a War with the Hussites Moreover he undertook an Expedition against the Turks to put a stop to their Inroads into Hungary but was prevented by Death which seized him in his Camp and lies buried at Alba Regalis After his death the Empress was brought to bed of a posthumous Son named Uladislaus who succeed him in the Kingdoms of Bohemia and Hungary but died likewise an untimely Death in 1457. in the seventeenth Year of his Age. § V. Look we back therefore to Leopold the Second who in the division of Lands above-mention'd 'twixt his Brother and him obtain'd Schwaben and Alsace He had sharp Wars with the Swiss by whom his Army was routed and himself slain at the Battel of Sempach An. 1386. His four Sons were 1. William a Prince of great Courage deceased Childless 1406. 2. Leopold the Third who had the same fate with his Brother though married to Carathine Daughter of Philip the Bald Duke of Burgundy 3. Frederick the Third who labour'd under many Hardships by reason of Pope John the Two and twentieth Upon whose account he was excommunicated by the Council of Constance and proscribed and outed of all his Territories by the Emperour Sigismund Nevertheless being again received to Grace he was re-invested in the Counties of Tyrol and Alsace but cou'd never recover Schwaben His first Wife was Elizabeth Daughter of the Emperour Rupert by whom he had only a Daughter of its Mother's Name which died in its Infancy But on his second Dutchess which was Anne Daughter of Frederick Duke of Brunswick he begat a Son named Sigismund a great Lover of Letters thence styled The Meâ—oenas of learned Men Twice married yet deceased without Issue 4. Ernestus Ferreus or Ironside the only Propagater of the Austrian Race married first to Margaret Daughter of Boleslaus Duke of Pomerania and then to Cimburg Daughter to the Duke of Mosovie which last bore him nine Children whereof four at least liv'd to be of Age namely margaret married to Frederick the Second Elector of Saxony Catharine to Charles Marquess of Baden Frederick the Fourth And Albert the Sixth surnam'd The Prodigal excommunicated and proscribed as Author of several Tumults and Seditions He died 1463. § VI. Frederick the Fourth but third Emperour of that Name was elected Emperour in 1440. Crown'd at Aix la Chapelle in 1442. and ten Years after at Rome by Pope Nicholas the Fitch He had Vienna taken from him by
Issue 3. Mary married to John of Brabant Duke of Limburg She died 1333. 4. Joan a posthumous Daughter betrothed to John of Arragon Duke of Gironda or Girona but died before the Marriage cou'd be consummated An. 1371. Of these John succeeded to the Throne and was Crown'd in 1350. This Prince continu'd the War with the English but with no better success than his Father had done for he was defeated and taken Prisoner by them at the Battel of Poictiers Sept. 19. 1356. O.S. Being again set at liberty he departed this Life in 1361 4. aged fifty six His two Queens were Bona Daughter of the King of Bohemia And Joan of William Earl of Clermont By the first Venture this following Issue liv'd to be Men and Women 1. Charles V. surnam'd The Wise born Jan. 21. 1337. of whom in the next Section 2. Lewis Duke of Anjou and Touraine Crown'd King of Sicily on this side the Pharus or Watch-Tower in 1382. whose Posterity fail'd in Nicholas Duke of Calabria An. 1473. 3. Philip Duke of Burgundy born 1341. whose Posterity ended in Mary last Heiress of that Dutchy An. 1483. 4. Joan married to Charles III. King of Navarre deceased 1373. 5. Isabella to John Galeazzo Duke of Milan in 1360. And 6. John Duke of Berry he deceased without Issue 1416. 7. Margaret profess'd a Nun. § VIII Charles V. surnam'd The Wise was Crown'd King of France May 19. 1364. He was the first who in his Father's Life time was styled The Dauphin He restored the Commonwealth of France and repressed the Violence of its Enemies which he brought to pass more by Counsel and Delays than force of Arms. He also put forth a Sanction whereby the eldest Sons of France were for the future declar'd of Age at Fourteen Years old and fit to be Crown'd and Govern His Queen's Name was Joan Daughter of Peter I. Duke of Bourbon by whom he had Issue that out-liv'd him 1. Charles VI. born 1368. his Successor 2. Lewis Duke of Orleans Count de Valois d'Angouleme c. born 1371. of whom in Sect. X. And 3. Catharine married to John de Berry Count de Montpensier She died 1387. As to what relates to Charles VI. he was Crown'd King of France Nov. 4. 1380. 'T was this Prince that reduc'd the Lilies in his Coat of Arms to Three which the Kings of France his Ancestors bore without any determinate number and at each side added a Stag for Supporters In his Reign the Affairs of France were brought to the lowest ebb especially after the Battel of Agin-Court in Picardy with the English in which four Princes of the Blood with all the Flower of the French Nobility were lost This great Blow was given Octob. 24. 1415. After which he would have excluded the Dauphin and transferr'd the Kingdom to the English This unfortunate Prince departed this Life 1422. having been long distracted His Children by Isabella Daughter of Stephen Duke of Bavaria were in number twelve whereof six died young The rest were 1. Isabella married about the age of seven or eight Octob. 28. 1396. O. S. to Richard II. King of England and after his decease to Charles Duke of Orleans An. 1402. She died 1409. 2. Charles VII born Jan. 21. 1402. his Father's Successor 3. Mary she was profess'd a Nun and died 1438. 4. Joan married to John VI. Duke of Bretagne deceased 1432. 5. Michaele born 1394. married to Philip the Good Duke of Burgundy deceased 1422. 6. Catharine born Octob. 27. 1400. married to Henry V. King of England Feb. 24. 1420. And after his decease to Owen ap Meridith ap Tudor a Welsh Gentleman but descended of the ancient British Kings Grandfather of King Henry VII She died Jan. 3. 1437. § IX Charles VII surnam'd The Victorious from the Victory he obtain'd over the English at the Battel of Orleans under the Conduct of the famous Joan de Arcquis freed France from the many Miseries it had so long groan'd under and re-establish'd the Polity of that Kingdom He likewise put forth a Sanction whereby he very much curbed the pretended Jurisdiction of the Popes of Rome Yet was this otherwise happy Prince so plagu'd by his own Son the Dauphin that by reason thereof he pined himself away and died of Grief An. 1461. The Sharer of his Bed and Fortunes was Mary of Anjou Daughter of Lewis II. King of Sicily by whom he had Issue as followeth 1. Lewis XI of whom we shall soon treat 2. Charles Duke of Berry born 1446. deceased 1472. 3. Joland married to Amadeus the eighth Duke of Savoy deceased 1478. 4. Radegunda to Sigismund Duke of Austria She died 14 5. Catharine to Charles Duke of Burgundy She died 14 6. Joan to John II. Duke of Bourbon deceased 1482. And 7. Magdalen promised to Uladislaus King of Hungary but married to Gaston Fuxius Prince of Vienna deceased 1486. We now return to Lewis XI born 1423. and Crown'd 1461. a Prince excellently skill'd in the Art of Government 'T was he that instituted the Order of the Knights of St. Michael in the Year 1469. His Motto was Qui nescit simulare nescit imperare He kept his Designs so very close that the Grand Mareschal of Normandy told him one day in raillery Il faut que vôtre haquenée soit bien fort puisque ille peut bien vos porter vous tout vôtre Conseil That his Mule must needs be very strong since it cou'd so easily carry him and all his Counsel For the rest of his Character He was an undutiful Son a severe Father and a disloyal Husband implacable in his Nature insomuch as he was never known to be reconciled to any he had once fallen out with Nor had he any other esteem for Religion but as it serv'd his Interest He departed this Life Aug. 30. 1483 4. having had two Wives viz. Margaret Daughter of James I. King of Scotland and Charlotte Daughter of Lewis Duke of Savoy and by them a Son and two Daughters viz. 1. Anne married to Peter Duke of Bourbon 1473. deceased 1522. 2. Joan Dutchess of Berry born 1464. and married to Lewis Duke of Orleans afterwards King by whom she was divorced and died 1504. 3. Charles VIII born 1470. and Crown'd 1484. A little Man of no bad Disposition yet slow of Parts and altogether ignorant of Arts and Letters Contracted at scarce six Years old to Elizabeth Daughter of Edward IV. King of England which Contract being afterwards broke he was betrothed to Margaret Daughter to the Emperour Maximilian who was accordingly sent into France to have her Education there that she might the better be accustomed to the Manners of that Nation Nevertheless she was sent home again by her Spouse when he came to be his own Master and he married or rather ravish'd Anne Daughter and sole Heiress of the Duke of Bretagne already married by Proxy to his design'd Father-in-Law Maximilian the Emperour but had no Issue by her that survived him He came to
1615. he married Anna Maria Mauritia Daughter of Philip III. King of Spain whom he had betrothed in 1611. And by her left Issue 1. LEWIS XIV surnamed The Great the present King of France born Aug. 26. O.S. 1638. of whom below And 2. Philip Duke of Orleans Sept. 21. N.S. 1640. whose first Dutchess the Princess Henrietta Maria Stuart Daughter of Charles I. King of England departed this Life in June 1670. And he the next Year married Charlâ—tte Elizabeth Daughter of Charles Lewis Elector Palatine By the first Venture he had 1. Mary Aloisia or Louise born March 27. 1662. married Novemb. 17. 1679. to Charles II. King of Spain deceased without Issue by him 1689. 2. Philip deceased an Infant 3. Another Daughter not named 1665. 4. Anne Mary born Aug. 27. 1669. and most happily married April 9. to Victor Amadeus II. Duke of Savoy He has also a Son and a Daughter by the present Dutchess namely 1. Philip Duke of Chartres born Aug. 2. 1674. And 2. Elizabeth Charlotte Madamoiselle de Chartres born Sept. 13. 1676. As for Lewis the Great the present King he succeed his Father in 1643. and was Crown'd by the Archbishop of Rheims June 7. 1654. of whose Actions I shall say little here since the Eyes of the whole World are upon ' em His Queen was Maria Theresia Daughter of Philip IV. King of Spain who died July 30. 1683. by whom he has only a Son now living namely Lewis XV. surnamed The Hardy the present Dauphin born Nov. 1. 1661. In 1680. he married Maria Anna Christina Daughter of Ferdinand Maria late Elector of Bavaria by whom he has had three Sons whose Names are 1. Lewis Duke of Burgundy born Aug. 6. 1682. 2. Philip Duke of Anjou born Novemb. 19. 1683. And 3. Gaston Duke of Berry born Aug. 31. 1686. But besides the Dauphin the present French King has several Natural Children as namely Mary Anne de Bourbon born 1666. and married in 1680. to Lewis of Bourbon Prince de Conti And Lewis de Bourbon born 1667. Supreme Intendant of the Marine These two were born him by Aloisia Frances de la Beaume la Blanche de la Valiere Dutchess de Vaujour and Peeress of France Daughter of Laurence de la Valiere now a Carmelite Nun by the Name of Sister Aloisia de Misericordia or of Mercy As likewise Lewis Augustus de Bourbon Duke of Main born 1670. and made legitimate three Years after Lewis Caesar de Bourbon Count de Vexin born 1672. deceased 1683. Aloisia Frances de Bourbon Madamoiselle de Nantes born 1673. and married in 1685. to Lewis Duke of Bourbon Aloisia Mary Anne deceased 1681. Lewis Alexander de Bourbon Count de Toulouse born 1678. made Legitimate 1681. Intendant likewise of the Marine And Frances Mary de Bourbon Madamoiselle de Rlois born 1681. Which Six were born him by Frances Athanasia de Rochechouart Gabriel Prince de Mortemar's Daughter and Wife of Henry de Lewis Paidaillan Marquess of Montespan § XVI It remains we now return to Lewis Prince de Conde youngest Son of Charles Duke of Vendôme born 1530. whom we mentioned in the latter end of Sect. XIII Numb 9. He was slain at the bloody Battel of Jarnac 1569. by one Montesque a Captain under the Duke of Anjou notwithstanding he offer'd 100000 Crowns for his Ransom The Issue that survived him were 1. Henry Prince of Conde born 1552. 2. Francis Prince of Conti born 1558. who had only Natural Issue though twice married 3. Charles Archbishop of Roan and Cardinal deceased 1594. 4. Charles Count de Soissons Peer and Grand Master of France born 1566. deceased 1614. leaving Issue 1. Aloisia married to Henry Duke of Longueville deceased 1637. 2. Lewis born 1604. deceased 1641. And 3. Mary born 1606. and married to Thomas of Savoy Prince of Carignan Henry the eldest Brother was a Prince of great Courage and hath his Life finely written by Thuanus in his History Lib. 90. His first Princess was Mary of Cleve Daughter of Francis Duke of Nevers But she dying in 1574. he afterwards married Charlotte Catharine de Tremolle Daughter of Lewis Duke of Thovars and departed this Life 1588. leaving Issue by the last Lady as followeth namely 1. Eleanora born 1587. married in 1606. to Philip William of Nassau Prince of Orange deceased 1619. And 2. Henry II. Prince of Conde born after his Father's decease Sept. 1. 1588. His Princess was Charlotte Margaret Daughter of Henry II. Duke of Montmorency who bore him 1. Anne married in 1642. to Henry Duke of Longueville deceased 1679. 2. Lewis II. Prince of Conde And 3. Armand Prince of Conti of which two apart And first for Lewis He was born in 1621. and justly to be ranked among the greatest Hero's of the Age. He took to Wife Clara Clementia Daughter of Urban Marquess of Breze and departed this Life 1685. to the great Grief of all good Men. His only Son Henry Julius de Bourbon is now living born July 29. 1643. formerly styled Duke d'Enghien but now since his Father's death Prince of Conde His Princess is Anne Daughter of Edward Prince Palatine of the Rhine who has born him this following Issue now living 1. Mary Theresia Madamoiselle de Bourbon born 1666. 2. Lewis Duke of Bourbon born 1668. and married 1685. to Aloisia Frances Natural Daughter of the present French King 3. Mary Anne Madamoiselle de Montmorency born 1675. 4. Anne Mary Victoria Madamoiselle d'Enghien born 1676. And 5. Aloisia Benedicta Madamoiselle de Conde born 1678. As for Armand Prince de Conti the other Brother he was born 1629. married to Anne Mary of Montmorency Cardinal Mazarine's Neice by the Sister 1654. deceased 1666. leaving two Sons 1. Lewis de Bourbon Prince of Conti born 1661. In 1680. he took to Wife Mary Anne de Bourbon the King 's Natural Daughter made legitimate yet died without Issue in 1685. And 2. Francis Lewis de Bourbon the now Prince of Conti born 1668. Of the Augmentation of the House of France § XVII IN the Year 861. Robert Earl of Orleans was created Duke and Marquess of the Franks by Charles the Bald King of France to whose Son Eudo the County of Paris was likewise added by Charles the Gross King of France After this Hugh Capet came to be King An. 987. whose Brother Otho having married Leutgarde Daughter and Heiress to the last Duke of Burgundy in her Right possessed himself of that Dutchy Philip II. having defeated John sans Terre King of England brought Normandy Bretagne Anjou Touraine Poictou and Clermont with part of Aquitain under his Obedience and incorporated the same with the Crown Charles Duke of Anjou was Crown'd King of both the Sicily's An. 1266. He likewise became possessed of Provence in Right of his Wife as also of a Title to the Kingdom of Jerusalem by the Donation of Mary Princess of Antioch Charles Martel his Grandson was Crown'd King of Hungary in 1290. in right of his Mother
1421. and being not above nine Months old at the death of his Father was proclaimed King of England and France Aug. 30. 1422. and committed to the Custody of Thomas Duke of Exeter and Henry de Beaufort Bishop of Winchester his Uncles John Duke of Bâ—dford and Humphrey Duke of Gloucester having been appointed the former Regent of France the other Protector of England And now Charles VI. of France being also dead the Dauphin his Son cansed himself to be proclaim'd King by the Name of Charles VII On which many of the French Nohility revoked to him Nor was the Regent idle during this time but took several Places of Strength from him gave him a defeat at Cravant in Buâ—goigne 1423 recover'd Campeigne and Crâ—tâ—te beat him a second time at the Battel of Vernoile 1424. and follow'd it with success 'till Montacute Earl of Salisbury being slain by a Great-shot in the Castle of Orleans 1428. the Fortune of the English began to be at a stand For at this Siege it was that the Maid of Orleans or Jean d'Arcque was brought to the said Charles as a Person inspired by God for the delivery of her Country and that Miracles might be expected from her Conduct However it were it so wrought on the Superstition of the People that she may be said to have turn'd again the Fate of France And Charles VII took that heart upon it that he forthwith came before Rheims which was yielded to him and himself Crown'd there 1428. The Year following King Henry went over in Person and was Crown'd in Paris Decemb. 17. 1431. and after a Year's stay there return'd for England Not long after viz Septemb. 14. 1435. the Duke of Bedford died and Richard Duke of York was made Regent but remov'd 1439. and the Earl of Warwick substituted in his room Upon whose death the Duke of York was again made Regent 1441. And upon a Treaty of Peace between the two Kings 1444. William de la Pâ—â—l Earl of Suffolk and others are appointed Commissioners for the King of England But finding nothing like to come of it he proposes a Match between the King and Margaret Daughter of Reiner Duke of Anjou Titular King of Sicily Naples and Jerusalem which however opposed by the Duke of Gloucester Protector of the Realm took that effect that they were married May 18. 1445. And the Duke of York again removed and the Queen and Suffâ—lk by this time made Duke prevail upon the King's Mildness and govern all things at their pleasure This and the like so disgusted the Duke of York that he began to tamper about his Title to the Crown to which the death of the Cardinal of VVinchester 1448. the Exorbitances of Suffolk and the Duke of Gloucester's the main Prop of the House of Lancaster having been discharg'd from the Protectorship imprison'd and sound dead in his Bed the Year before gave no small encouragement All which being turn'd upon Suffolk he is erclaim'd at by the Commons impeach'd by the Lords and thereupon fled for France but taken in his way had his Head struck off against the side of a Cock boat 1450. To him succeeded in equal Favour of the Queen and Hatred of the People Edmond Duke of Somerset And therefore York having gotten to his Party the two Nevils Father and Son the one Earl of Salisbury the other of VVarwick he rais'd Forces under pretext of removing divers Counsellors from about the King and after several Transactions forward and backward worsted the King at the Battel of St. Albany May 23. 1455. where the Duke of Somerset was slain the King taken Prisoner a Parliament call'd the Duke of York declar'd Protector of the Realm and the Earl of VVarwick Captain of Callice All which was again overturn'd by the Queen and her Party the Year following and the Duke of York and his Friends having gotten into Ireland were attainted in Parliament 1459. Notwithstanding which they return again and being headed by Edward Earl of March fight the King at Northampton and take him Prisoner July 9. 1460. On this the Duke of York Father of the said Edward enter'd the House of Lords the Parliament then sitting seated himself in the Throne To whom said he it of right belongeth The Parliament on this openly declar'd for his Title but in regard Henry had been taken as King for Thirty eight Years it was condescended That he should hold the Title and Name of King and have the Possession of the Realm during his natural Life but if he either died resign'd or forfeited the same by breaking or going against any Point of that Accord that then the said Crown and Regal Authority should be immediately devolved and come to the Duke of York if he were then living Or in case he died to the next Heir of his Lineage And that the Duke of York should from thenceforth be Protector and Regent of the Land All which being sworn to by both Parties and enacted in Parliament Novemb. 1. 1461. Richard Duke of York on the Saturday next ensuing was proclaimed Heir Apparent to the Crown and Protector of the Realm During this time the Queen a Lady of a Courage beyond her Sex had rais'd an Army to rescue the King met the Protector at VVakefield the Christmas following where he was routed and slain and King Henry gotten into her hands again The Earl of March on the other hand now Duke of York by the death of his Father lay with Forces in Gloucestershire and upon hearing of this Defeat made to the Queen and worsted her first at Mortimer's Cross near Hereford the Candlemas-day after and on the 17th of the same Month gave her a total defeat near St. Alban's In which yet the most remarkable Man slain was Sir John Gray On which King Henry with the Queen and Prince Edward their Son got into the North and the Duke of York was proclaim'd King in the head of the Army After which King Henry liv'd somewhat more than Ten Years but generally unfortunate as shall be shown in the next Paragraph and at last died in the Tower some say of Grief or as others murder'd by Richard Duke of Gloucester May 23. 1471. in the Fifty second Year of his Age having reigned of that Thirty eight Years His Wife was Margaret Daughter of Reiner Duke of Anjou c. of whom before by whom he had Edward Prince of Wales born at Westminster Octob. 13. 1453. taken at the Battel of Teuxbury of which in the next Paragraph May 4. 1471. and the same day kill'd in cold Blood by George Duke of Clarence and the said Duke of Gloucester XVI And now Edward IV. having taken upon him the Covernment he was as well by Right of Inheritance as the Accord before mentioned proclaimâ—d King throughout London March 4. 1401. Nor was he searce warm in his Seat ere the comoved King Henry return'd out of the North with a mighty Force but was overthrown by King Edward at Tow ton Field
Fifty eighth Year of his Age and of his Reign of England the Twenty second and of Scotland the Fifty sixth He had but one Wife viz. Queen Anne of whom before and by her 1. Henry Friderick Stuart Prince of Wales Duke of Cornwal and Rothsey and Earl of Chester born in Scotland Feb. 19. 1593. died Nov. 6. 1612. 2. Robert Stuart born and died very young in Scotland 3. Elizabeth Stuart Queen of Bohemia and Princess Palatine of the Rhine born Aug. 19. 1596. in Scotland died Feb. 13. 1661. 4. Margaret Stuart born in Scotland Decemb 24. 1598. died young 5. Charles Stuart Duke of York and Albany born Novemb. 19. 1600. succeeded his Father 6. Mary Stuart born in England March-1605 died two Years after And 7. Sophia Stuart born in England June 21. 1606. died two days after XXV To his Father his elder Brother being dead succeeded Charles the First of that Name about the Age of Twenty five Years and was proclaim'd King the same Day his Father died The Solemnity of whose Funerals being over the first thing he did was to hasten the coming over of the Queen to whom he was married by Proxy at Paris May 1. and consummated at Canterbury June 13. following Of this Prince it may be truly said He was a Man of Sorrows And yet if there be any thing in History to be named before him it is not that He was less able but their Times better Therefore for the truer understanding of both it is the least Justice we can do His MEMORY to consider under what ill Circumstances He came to the Crown There had follow'd his Father out of Scotland Two Sorts of People the One purely for the Loaves the Other to double the Interest of that Doctrine that had forc'd his Mother out of Her Kingdom who kept himself so long in Pupillage and to which England was not so altogether a Stranger but that they found the Lump leven'd to their hand Some like them calling also themselves the Lord's Ambassadours and pretending a Right from God to Govern every one his Parish and their Assembly the whole Nation Others and those different in Opinions among themselves that would have all Congregations free and independent upon one another Others That held Christ's Personal Reign was at this time to begin upon Earth and therefore would have no other King but King Jesus Besides several others from the first Litter yet every of them desending its Sect by Scripture according to the narrow scantling of their own Interpretations These again meeting with a Purse-proud City a poor Crown and a Gentry that no less affected a Popular Government in the State than themselves did in the Church Both cry up Liberty and inveigh against Tyranny that is whatever they were not themselves And so what wonder of those Consequents that embroil'd the King's Reign The ill Effects of which too many have seen and may perhaps be felt the next Century However the King having summon'd his Parliament to meet at Westminster June 18. aforesaid he told them That at their earnest Entreaty in March 1623. his Father had taken Arms for the recovery of the Palatinate which with the Crown was now devolv'd upon Himself That the Supplies already given held no proportion with the Charge of the Enterprize That the Eyes of all Europe were upon him and a Failure in this his first Attempt would be a Blemish to his futare Honour And therefore desired them if not for His for their Own Reputation to deliver him fairly out of that War wherewith themselves had incumbred him by an expeditious Supply On which the Commons gave Two Subsidies and the Clergy Three and the Parliament by reason of the Plague was adjourn'd to Oxford to be held there Aug. 1. following where the King briefly acquaints them with his Wants in order to the design 's Expedition They on the other hand petition against Popish Recusants and receive from him a satisfactory Answer but instead of a Supply debate a Remonstrance of Grievances to be first redress'd before a Supply given So that not agreeing who should be first trusted the King or Themselves the Parliament was dissolv'd and another summon'd to meet at Westminster the next 6th of February The Candlemas Day before which the King was solemnly Crown'd But here also the King met no better success than he had in his first For the Commons began where they left at Oxford with Religion and Grievances And to add to it it fell unfortunately that the Earl of Bristal being under restraint the King had sent him no Writ of Summons to the Parliament whereupon he petitions the Peers That being a Peer of the Realm he had not receiv'd a Writ of Summons and therefore pray'd the Benefit of his Peerage and that if any Charge were against him he might be Tried in Parliament Upon which and the Request of the Peers his Writ was sent him with a Letter from the Lord Keeper That though his Majesty had awarded him the Writ yet 〈◊〉 was his Pleasure that his Personal Attendance should be forborn This Letter the Earl sent to the Lords with a second Petition beseeching to be heard both as to his wrongful Restraint and what he had to say Against the Duke of Buckingham This alarm'd the Duke whom the Commons already beheld with no good Eye and therefore to begin with him first the Duke prevails with the King to command the Attorney-General to Common him to the Lord's Barr as a Delinquent where he appear'd May 1. and was by Mr. Attorney charg'd with Eleven Articles of High-Treason But before they were read the Earl said My Lords I am a Free-man and a Peer of the Realm unattainted I have somewhat of high Consequence to his Majesty's Service and beseech your Lordships to give me leave to speak The Lords bade him go on Then said he I accuse that Man the Duke of Buckingham of High-Treason And immediately presented Twelve Articles against him After which the Articles against the Earl being read and himself committed to the Black-Rod the House order'd That the King's Charge against the Earl should be first proceeded on before that of the Earl against the Duke And now the Ice thus broken the Common by eight of their own Members sent up Thirteen Articles of high Offences and Misdemeanours against the Duke which he answer'd with so much modesty that it much abated the Heat that many had against him And in regard the matters charged had been transcted in King James's time he claim'd the Benefit of the Pardon of the Twenty first of King James and the present King's Coronation Pardon On which the Commons thus dâ—â—appointed having prepared a Declaration of the same nature with their Impeachment the Parliament was dissolv'd by Commission June 14. 1626. and no Supply given By which means the Relief then setting forth for Rochel staid so late in the Year that they were dispers'd with ill Weather and forc'd to return without doing
of Perth 1618. and both ratified by an Act of Parliament of that Kingdom But what by reason of the Palatinate War and his own Death it went no further in his time And King Charles was so taken up at home that he was forc'd to deferr the finishing it 'till he came into Scotland where he was Crown'd May 18. 1632. And in a Parliament which fate soon after he caus'd an Act of Ratification of all that had been done by his Father to be propos'd which not without strong opposition was carried by the far greater Number And after his return for England he order'd the Dean of his Chapel-Royal at Edinburgh That the English Liturgy with its usual Ceremonies should be used in his said Chapel On this the Presbyterian Scots insinuate to the People That this was a Design to subject the pure Kirk of Scotland to the Superstitions of the Church of England And the Lords and Gentry who fear'd nothing more than that they should be forc'd to surrender possess'd them That Scotland was to be reduc'd into a Province and Govern'd by a Lord Lieutenant as was Ireland And thâ—doz'd into a Belief that their All was at stake what was there on which their Drivers might not run a heedless Multitude And now the Dutch seeing the King's handâ— full not only encroach'd upon the Britâ—â—â— Seas by their frequent Fishings but began 〈◊〉 dispute the Right of the Dominion in 1634 which the King being resolv'd to maintain and having several Precedents for Ievying a Naval Aid upon the Subjects by the sole Anthority of the King by a Writ under the Great Seal when the Good and Safety of the Kingdom is in danger the King by Letter under his Signet Feb. 12. 1636. consults the Judges in it who all of them Twelve in number return'd their Opinions under their Hands That theKing might do it and in case of refusal compel the doing it by Law And that the King is sole Judge both of the Danger and when and how the same is to be prevented and avoided However Two of them Hutton and Crook afterwards retracted what they had so formally given under their Hands which was the cause of no little Trouble in the Kingdom the Sound of which was not long ere it reach'd Scotland albeit upon the solemn Arguments of all the Judges in the Exchequer-Chamber touching this matter Judgment was given for the King The King as has been said had order'd â—he English Liturgy to be us'd in his Chapel-Royal at Edinburgh which at the Request of â—he Scots Bishops having been amended to their â—wn Model was agreed to by the King and â—ent back into Scotland and by the Bishops â—nd Lords of the Council of that Kingdom â—rder'd to be read in the Great Church July 23. 1637. Upon the very opening of which there â—rose such a Tumult of Stools and Cudgels thrown at the Dean the Reader 's Head that â—he Provost and Bailiffs of the City had much â—do to suppress Nor fared it better in several other Churches where by the like Command it was also read and from one thing to another ran to that heighth that Protestations being grown too strong for Proclamations they enter into a Confederacy and bind it with a Covenant for Maintenance of the King's Person and Authority but how in Defence of the Gospel of Christ and Liberties of the Kingdom of which themselves were Judges and the mutual Defence of each other against all Persons whatsoever Whereupon the Marquiss Hamilton is fent thither to compose the Differences but with no effect For notwithstanding all the King's Condescentions they could neither be brought to acknowledge they had parted from their Obedience nor renounce their Covenant than the least Tittle of which they declar'd they would fooner renounce their Baptism And thereupon took upon them a Power of convoking a General Assembly in which they first depriv'd all the Bishops and soon after abolish'd the Order it self seiz'd the King's Castles and ran into Arms but finding the King upon the Borders with a powerful Army and themselves better prepar'd for a Treaty than a Battel a Pacification is made July 17. 1639. And upon promise of future Loyalty the King pardons them But alas the Core was not got out and the Ulcer rather skinn'd over than heal'd for the King had scarce come to London ere they broke all their Articles and apply to the King of France to favour their Proceedings and give them his Assistance On which the King calls another Parliament which open'd April 13. 1640. and instead of taking the King's Business in hand or the least notice of this Insolence of the Scots ran to that heighth against Ship-Money Knighthoods and the Actions of divers Ministers of State though done by the King's Warrant that they were dissolv'd May 5. following And now the Scots who had form'd an Intelligence with some of the English Nobility and Gentry and consequently assur'd of being favour'd by them when it came to a Point take Arms again and publish a Declaration Not to lay them down 'till Religion was setled in both Nations and the Causers and Abettors of their present Troubles the Prelates and their Adherents but more particularly the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Earl of Strafford were brought to publick Justice in Parliament which also they desire may be call'd And thereupon march into England where notwithstanding their giving out That they would take nothing without ready Money they charge those adjacent Parts with Eight hundred and fifty Pounds a Day Nor had the King been so negligent all this while but that by the help of his better-affected Subjects he met them with an Army sufficient to have reduc'd them had it come to a Battel or had he not been over-persuaded out of it into a Treaty at Rippon he had probably prevented those ill Consequences that follow'd the slipping that Opportunity However it ended in a patch'd Agreement for the present and gave the King the advantage of being assur'd of the Earl of Montross's Fidelity to him and readiness to serve him On which the King calls a Parliament which met at Westminster Novemb. 3. the same Year And hitherto was but the beginning of Sorrows The Parliament thus met the King declar'd his earnest Desires for the Welfare of the Kingdom desired them as he promis'd he would to lay by all Prejudice and he would freely put himself upon the Love of his Subjects Will'd them to consider of the best way for the Safety and Security of England First in chasing out those Rebels who had invaded it and next for satisfaction of Just Grievances And as freely leaving it to them where to begin clos'd with this That it should not be 〈◊〉 Fault if this were not a good and happy Parliament And truly great might have been the Hopes concerning this Parliament had they not begun a Note too high to make any Confort For first an Impeachment was sent up from the Commons against
the Earl of Strafford who had been the late General against the Scots Novemb. 12. On which he was forthwith taken into Custody and committed to the Tower Novemb. 22. brought to his Trial March 22. which lasted 'till April 13. And lastly attainted by Act of Parliament and thereupon beheaded May 12 following And the same 10th of May that the King gave his Royal Assent to that Bill of Attainder he gave the like to another That this Parliament should not be Dissolv'd or Prorogu'd but by Act of Parliament And now having gotten this firmer footing to what they had begun before in enlarging such as had been fined and imprisoned by the Star-Chamber for Libelling voting Ship-Money unlawful and the Lord Keeper a Traitor impeaching the Archbishop of Canterbury whom after a Four Years imprisonment they beheaded by an Ordinance of Lords and Commons at which Seven Lords only were present They proceed to Acts of Parliament for vacating Ship-Money taking off the several Courts of Star-Chamber High-Commission the Presidencies of Wales and the North the Bishops outed the House of Peers And having singled out the King as it were by Himself they pray a Guard out of the City of London to be Commanded by the Earl of Essex Which the King refusing he is so harass'd with Tumults that he is fore'd to remove from London And which fell fortunately to their Game a Rebellion in Ireland having broke out the 23d of October before the King had given his Assent to two Bills the one for the borrowing 400000 l. for the necessary Defence of England and Ireland the other which brought in little less for the Encouragement of Adventurers for the reducing of Ireland And so having gotten such a Fund they not long after further petition That the Tower of London all other Forts and the whole Militia of the Kingdom might be put into such hands as should be recommended to him by both Houses But being refus'd by the King they publish a Declaration That whatsoever They declare to be Law ought not to be question'd by the King That They without the King are Judges of the Publick Good That the Soveraign Power resides in both Houses and that the King ought to have no Negative Voice That Treason cannot be committed against his Person otherwise than as he is intrusted with the Kingdom and discharges that Trust of which they are Judges And thereupon raise an Army and make the Earl of Essex General thereof and the Earl of Warwick Admiral at Sea notwithstanding the King had appointed another On which many of the House of Commons and most of the Peers repair to the King at York the King proclaims Essex and his Adherents Traitors and sets up his Standard at Nottingham Aug. 20. 1642. In return of which they in 1643. voted the Queen a Traiter for helping her Husband with Ammunition and some English Forces out of Holland And actually brought in an Army of Scots to fight against the King when yet they had made it an Article of High-Treason against the Earl of Strafford for that he should have said at Council-Board If his Majesty pleas'd to employ Forces he had some in Ireland which might serve to reduce the Kingdom The Question also at that time being touching Scotland However the King without other Supplies than the voluntary Assistance of his Loyal Nobility and Gentry made a shift to bring the West the North and several other parts of the Kingdom under his Obedience 'till at last oppress'd by those inexhaustible Banks as the Weekly Assessments which for the Year came to above 1700000 l. the Plate ready Monies and Jewels borrow'd upon the Publick Faith which in London and Middlesex came to upwards of Ten Millions besides the Profits of their new Excise Sequestrations of King's Queen's Prince's Bishops and Delinquents Lands Tonnage Poundage and whatsoever was in any wise due to the King which contrary to the known Laws they had raked to themselves and not being able to recover that fatal Battel of Naseby June 14. 1645. He sunk by degrees and at last threw himself upon his Country-men the Scots who Delivered him up to the Parliament for 200000 l. and they kept Him under a Guard at Holmby The Parliament now in possession of the King came to be divided into two Parties Presbyterian and Independant and the Army which was every of them a Sect by it self thinking they had as much Right to Him as the others seize Him and bring Him to Hampton Court about the middle of August 1647. from whence without bettering His Condition He escapes into the Isle of Wight and by Letter to the Parliament desires a Personal Treaty at London They on the other hand vote Him 5000 l. for His present Accommodation and send Him Four Preliminary Bills to sign but those so Unreasonable that the King refusing them they amongst other things vote no more Addresses should be made to Him and the Army declares to stand by them in those Votes and what shall be further necessary for the prosecution thereof On this several Parties in London Wales Essex Kent c. rise for the King a part of the Navy go off to the Prince and the Scots under Duke Hamilton enter England To suppress these the Army is sent abroad and Cromwel makes against Hamilton takes him Prisoner and pursues the rest to Edinburgh During this absence of his the Parliament revoke their Votes of Non Addresses and appoint Five Lords and Ten Commoners to treat with the King at Newport in the Isle of Wight with Honour Freedom and Safety But alas they dodg'd so long about Trisles that upon Cromwel's return before any thing was concluded the Army remonstrate and require That the King be brought to Justice as the Capital Cause of the Civil War And thereupon having garbled the Commons of Forty odd Members and required that Ninety more and all others that by their Votes Decemb. 5. before had approved the King's Concessions for a Peace at the Isle of Wight should be excluded the House 'till they had enter'd their Dissents to those Votes that Fagg-end of them that was left restor'd the Votes of Non-Addresses voted a Charge of High-Treason against the King and drew up an Ordinance for his Trial Which being rejected by the Lords they made it an Act of their own and on Saturday Jan. 20. 1648. brought Him before a Mock-High-Court of Iustice consisting of one Bradshew their President Cromwel his Son-in-Law Ireton and Seventy two others that appear'd and sate and with ignominious Expressions charg'd Him That as a Publick Enemy of the Common-wealth he had traiterously and maliciously levied War against the present Parliament and the People therein represented And after four Days not allowing Him to be heard unless he first acknowledg'd the Authority of their Court He was as Infamously sentenc'd to have his Head sever'd from his Body which was accordingly executed in the open Street before his Royal Palace of Whitehal Jan. 30.
which in contempt of one of its Members was call'd Praise God Barebone's Parliament and they held it 'till December the same Year 4. From that time it was in the hands of Cromwel with the Title of Lord Protector 'till September 1658. 5. After him his Son Richard had it as Successor to his Father 'till he was turn'd out by the Army in April 1659. and then for a Fortnight together it lay no-where 6. The May following the Rump got it again and held it 'till they were turn'd out by Lambert the same Year And here also for some time together it lay no-where 'till 7. The Council of Officers erected A Committee of Safety with like Supremacy and they held it 'till General Monck having declar'd for restoring the Rump Lambert march'd against him but being deserted by his Army Fleetwood writes to the Speaker Lenthal to desire him and the rest of the Members to return to the Exercise of their Trust And the General on the other hand having put his into such hands as favour'd his Design march'd towards London 8. On this the Rump resumes the Government Decemb. 26. and by a Letter of Thanks to Monck acknowledge the Restitution to their Authority was to be acknowledged to his Fidelity Case and Courage And yet he had not been long in Town ere they began to grow jealous of him and therefore for fear he might joyn with the City who had now declar'd they would pay no more Taxes 'till the Parliament were fill'd up they sent him into the City to break down their Gate c. which he accordingly did return'd his Army to their Quarters about Westminster and receiv'd the Thanks of the House Yet this did not so satisfie the Jealousie of a Commonwealth but that they press'd the Oath of Abjaration of the Royal Family to him which he took time to consider of But the next Morning march'd his Army into the City and joyn'd with them for having the House fill'd up 9. On this the Members that had been secluded the House in 1648. were restor'd Feb. 21. 1659. and they having constituted General Monck Captain General of all the Forces in the Three Kingdoms annull'd the former Council of State and appointed another and abrogated the Engagement and Oath of Abjuration dissolv'd themselves March 17. But before their rising sent out Writs for New Elections to meet April 25. 1660. In the mean time the Rumpers ply the General with their last effort and proffer him the Supreme Command of the Kingdoms as a single Person Which he answered to this purpose That for that matter it was submitted to the coming-Parliament nor should it be said of him That â—e bad run foul of that Rock on which Cromwel â—ad so lately split himself The Day being come the Lords as well as â—he Commons met in their respective Houses when having each of them received a Letter from his Majesty with a Declaration inclos'd the Lords resolv'd by Vote That they declare That according to the ancient and fundamental Constitution of this Kingdom the Government is and ought to be by King Lords and Commons To which the Commons agreed and each of them dispatch'd their several Answers â—o the said Letters superscribed To the King 's most Excellent Majesty And having caus'd Him to be solemnly proclaim'd May 8. they sent six Lords and twelve of the Commons to attend his Majesty and desire his return to the Exercise of his Kingly Office Which â—he accordingly did and landed at Dover the 25th and rode through London to Whitebal the 29th being his Birth Day and Thirtieth Year of his Age. Thus by the Conduct of one Man with a raw Army of not above Six Thousand was the Monarchy delivered from a Twelve Years Usurpation defended by at least Sixty Thousand Veterans strengthened with most of the Alliances of Europe and which adds to â—it without Blood a Stratagem perhaps not yet extant in History He was the Great Grandson of Sir Thomas Monck of Potheridge in the County of Devon by Frances one of the Daughters and Coheirs of Arthur Plantegenet Viscount Lisle of whom before in memory of which the King created him Duke of Albemarle Earl of Torrington Baron Monck of Potheridge Beauchamp and Teyes And so being come to our own Times is may seem needless to add further saving that the King was Crown'd April 23. 1661. and died of an Apoplexy Feb. 6. 1684. His only Wife and Relict was Catharine Daughter of John IV. King of Portugal now living by whom he had no Issue XXVII To King Charles II. succeeded his Brother James Duke of York c. who upon his first coming to the Crown profess'd Himself a Catholick with this Displeasure nevertheless That he could not alter the Religion as it was by Law establish'd He together with his Queen were Crown'd April 23. 1685. Nor was that scarce over when Two Rebellions the one in Scotland the other in the West of England broke out upon him and were defeated In the Year 1688. he publish'd A Declaration for Liberty of Conscience so far as it disturb'd not the Peace of the Kingdom Which so heated the People who yet had all along CONTENDED for it that having sent his Queen and young SON into France he follow'd Them not long after His first Wife was Anne Daughter of Sir Edward Hide Earl of Clarendon c. Lord Chancellor of England who died before he came to the Crown by whom he had Four Sons 1. Charles Stuart Duke of Cambridge born Octob. 22. 1660. died May 5. 1661. 2. James Stuart Duke of Cambridge born July 12. 1663. died June 20. 1667. 3. Charles Stuart Duke of Kendal born July 4. 1666. died May 22. 1667. 4. Edgar Duke of Cambridge born Sept 14. 1667. died June 8. 1671. And as many Daughters 1. Marie born April 30. 1662. married to William Henry Prince of Orange who were both Crown'd King and Queen April 11. 1689. The Executive Power in Him 2. Anne born Feb. 6. 1664. married to Prince George of Denmark August 7. 1683. 3. Henrietta born January 13. 1668. died Nov. 15. 1669. 4. Catharine born Feb. 9. 1670. died Decemb 5. 1671. His Second Wife Mary d'Este Daughter of Alphonso d'Este III. Duke of Modena Crown'd as before and had Issue by her Two Daughters 1. Catharine born Novemb. 7. 1674. died Octob. 3. 1675. 2. Isabel born Aug. 28. 1676. liv'd not long AND 1. Charles Duke of Cambridge born Nov. 7. 1667. died Decemb. 12. following c. Of the Augmentations of the Family of ENGLAND § VIII ITS First was when William the Conquerour joyn'd Normandy to the Crown of England 1066. Henry II. Conquer'd Ireland and in like manner united it 1172. Edward I. Wales 1283. Edward II. in Right of his Wife Isabel Daughter of Philip the Fair King of France brought in Aquitain and Ponticu And in the same Right Edward III. took upon him the Title of King of France and was the first of the English Kings that
Quarter'd the Arms thereof Henry V. Conquer'd most of the Kingdom Henry VI. was Crown'd King of France in Paris 1432. James VI. King of Scotland made an Accesion of that Crown to England 1603. and first Quarter'd the Arms of England and Ireland â—ith those of Scotland Beside which the English have superadded several Plantations in America as Virginia 1584. the Bermudaes 1591. Barbadoes Nowingland 1606. Mary-land about 1632. Jamaica 1656. Besides Nova Scotia one half of 〈◊〉 Christopher's Hudson's Bay Now-York Carclina Pensylvania Several other Places of Trade also in the East-India's and Tangier in Africa 1668. but demolish'd in as not worth the charge 〈◊〉 keeping it Of its Decreasings § IX THe greatest Loss it receiv'd has been from France for whereas about the Year 1432. what by Hereditary Right what by Marriages what by Conquest and Submission of the People it had in a manner the whole Kingdom It lost in 1450. not only its New Acquests but Hereditary Provinces to Charles VII King of France who by means of the Civil Wars between the Houses of York and Lancaster so forc'd the English out of France that they retain'd only Callice which also was lost by Queen Mary 1558. However it yet continues the Title and Arms of France other than which it makes no Pretensions nor have those been set on foot for near 150 Years last past CHAP. IV. Of the House of Denmark § I. THere is nothing more certain than that the Danes have had their peculiar Kings for many Ages past whom Historians generally distinguish by eight Periods See Pontanus's Danish History lib. 7. and Beckman's Civil History c. 5 Sect. 6. The Seventh of these Periods is that of the Suenonidae or English-Danes so called from Sueno or Swain-Ethrick whose Ancestors according to Saxo the Grammarian in the 10th Book of his Danish History had a Bear for their first Progenitors For he says That Ulso who was Sueno's Father had one Ursus or Biorno for his Grandfather begot by the monstrous Copulation of a Wild Beast with a young Virgin About the Year 1346. Woldemar the Third descended of this Family was King of Denmark who after a Peace made with Schmeek Magnus King of Sueden brought the Country of Scandinavia under his Jurisdiction in the Year 1360. afterwards in 1363. he obtained Gotland also upon another Peace then concluded with King Albert. He had also Wars with the Hans-Town and dyed 1375. leaving only a Daughter named Margaret whom he gave in Marriage to Haquin second Son of Erick King of Sweden by whom she had Issue Olaus the Sixth who upon his Father Haquin's Decease which happened in 1380. succeeded both to Denmark and Sweden as well as Norway but dyed an untimely Death seven Years after viz. 1387. Whereupon the Government by the consent of the Nobility of Denmark and Norway return'd to Queen Margaret but the Swedes elected Albertus Duke of Mecklenburgh to be their King with whom Queen Margaret was soon engag'd in a War being provoked thereunto by him wherein proving Victorious and taking him Prisoner caused her self to be elected Queen An. 1396. She adopted for her Successor Prince Erick Son of Uratislaus Duke of Pomerania and Grandson of her Sister Ingeburg Wife of Henry the Second Duke of Mecklenburg by her Daughter Mary who at a Convention of the States held at Calmar in 1397. was elected King of the Three Northern Crowns an Hereditary Union being then made by which it was Enacted that for the future the Three Northern Kingdoms should be Govern'd by one and the same Scepter As for Queen Margaret the Danish Semiramis for so she is often stiled she departed this Life in the Year 1412. After which King Erick not so well acquainted with the Arts of Governing as she had been soon drew upon himself the Odium of his People insomuch that in the Year 1439. he was depos'd by 'em and had his Crowns taken from him chiefly on pretence that he had not observ'd his Promises nor kept his Coronation Oath but rather on the contrary opposed a Free Election by naming Bogislaus Duke of Pomerania to succeed him In his room they substituted Prince Christopher his Sister Sophia's Son by her Husband John Count Palatine of the Rhine and Duke of Bavaria which Christopher died without Issue 1448. notwithstanding he had Married Dorothy Daughter of John Marquess of Brandenburg and by this means put an end to the ancient Royal Family of Denmark § II. In this state of Affairs they Elected Adolph Earl of Holstein to be King but he modestly declined the Crown when offered either out of a consideration of the Infirmity of his great Age or else doubtful what might be the success of the Danish Affairs But withal earnestly recommended to their choice Christian Count Oldenburg his Sister's Son who was thereupon Elected and Crowned King by the unanimous consent of all the Nobility as we shall show more at large in the following § 'T will here be expected we should give some account of the Original of this Family of Oldenburg but indeed it is so hid in the Clouds if we may so say by reason of its great Antiquity that little of certainty can be picked out For altho' it be the common Tradition that it is deriv'd from the Posterity of Witikin the Saxon and namely from the Counts of Ringelheim yet Reinerus Renneccius and others think it most advisable to leave things as they find 'em and affirm nothing in so doubtful a matter However they say that towards the end of the Tenth Century one Otho was Earl of Oldenburg who had a certain wonderful Horn given him by a Spirit or Apparition which is to be seen to this day in the Castle of Oldenburg and that he was Father of John Conrade and Rixa That John begat Huno the Glorious Father of Frederick who in the end became a Monk and left a Will by which he made his Cozen Elimar his Heir which Elimar was Son to his great Aunt Rixa by her Husband Hoio Lord of Friezland in Pottenburg and Memmenburg whose Pedigree they also derive from the above-named Witikin That Elimar by Virtue of this Will possess'd himself of the Earldom notwithstanding all the opposition of Milo Count Alvensleb Grand-son of the above-named Conrade and so became the first Count of Oldenburg of his Line Amongst this Princess's Children we find mention made of Elimar the Second who begat Christian the Warlike Father of Maurice by his Wife Cunigund Countess of Locken which Maurice after manifest proofs of his Courage on all occasions retired to a Monastery and was succeeded in the County by his Son Christian the Second Christian the Second had Issue 1. John the First of whom by and by again 2. Otho the Third who by his Charter erected the Town of Delmenhorstan into a City and Founded the Cathedral there An. 1265. 3. Theodorick or Diderick Elected Grand Master of the Teutonick Order in Prussia An. 1335. in the 80th Year of
his Age. John the Eldest of these Three had two Sons I. Christian the Third who in the Division of his Father's Inheritance 'twixt him and his Brother had the County of Delmenherstan for his Patrimony in which he was succeeded by his Son Christian whose Grand-Daughter Adelheid by his Son Otho the Simple was married to Theodorick or Diderick the happy Earl of Oldenburg II. John the Second who in the division aforesaid had the County of Oldenburg settled on him and was Father of Conrade by his Wife Margaret Countess of Lippe Conrade begat Christian the Fifth Canon of Cologne who seeing his Brother Maurice like to die with Issue Male quitted his Canonry and married Agnes of Hohenstein by whom he had 1. Christian the Sixth taken and Imprisoned by the Inhabitants of Bremen and not dismissed but on very hard terms he afterwards died without Issue And 2. Theodorick or Diderick the Happy who by a Marriage with his Cozen Adelheid Heiress of Delmenhorst reunited the two Counties After her Decease he took a Second Wife namely Hedewig Sister of Adolph Earl of Holstein who bore him three Sons Christianus the First born 1425. Maurice and Gerrard § III. Of these Christian the First as has been already observed in the beginning of the last § was elected King of Denmark and Norway in the Year 1448. and ten Years after of Sweden also tho' he lost that Kingdom again in a few Years after He purchased the County of Holstein for 34000. and restored that of Sleswick to the Crown He likewise obtain'd of the Emperour Frederick the Third the Investiture of the Dutchy of Holstein and open'd an University at Copenhagen on the first of June 1479. His Queen was Dorothy the Relict of his Predecessor King Christopher by whom he had this following Issue 1. Margaret given in Marriage to James the Third King of Scotland together with the Isles of Orkney lying in the Northern Seas as security for her Dowry which was to be Fifty Thousand Florins 2. John born 1455. And 3. Frederick of whom more in the next Sect. John succeeded his Father in the Throne and was Crown'd King of Denmark and Norway in the Year 1483. About five or six Years after he reduced Sweden and was Crown'd there also He once more separated the Dutchy of Holstein and Sleswick from the Crown and divided them 'twixt him and his Brother Frederick In 1500 he suffered a great defeat from the Rebellious Inhabitants of Dietmarsh and was also outed by the Swedes some time after In the Year 1513. he departed this Life of a Fever which he took by a fall from his Horse in the Water leaving Issue by Queen Christina Daughter of Ernestus Elector of Sax. only one Son and a Daughter namely I. Elizabeth born 1455. Married to Joachim the First Elector of Brandenburgh 1502. Deceased a Widow 1555. II. Christianus the Second born 1481. The undutiful Son of a most Indulgent Father whose Curse at length he drew upon his Head In his Father's Life-time he was elected to succeed him in his Kingdoms of Denmark Norway and Sweden His Paramour was the fair Columbula whom he kept with a certain Old Woman named Sigberta wholly enslaving himself to her Will He refused the Proposals of a Reconciliation with his Uncle Frederick in the Year 1519. and making an Expedition into Sweden seized on the Capital City of Stockholm caused himself to be Crown'd King and was Author of the bloody Slaughter there Afterwards he was Outed of all his Kingdoms and forced to fly into the Low-Countries from whence returning he was seized and confined by his Subjects and at length ended his Days in 1559. in the Seventy Eighth Year of his Age. The Partner of his Bed and Fortunes was Isabella Sister to the Emperour Charles the Fifth by whom he had only two Daughters that out-liv'd him his Son John dying in the Hungarian Service ' gainst the Turks An. 1532. The Daughters names were 1. Dorothy born 1515 married to Frederick the Second Elector Palatine Deceased 1580. And 2. Christina born 1573 whose first Husband was Francis Storza Duke of Milan and after his Decease Francis Duke of Lorrain She dyed 1590. § IV. We must now look back to Frederick the First elected King of Donmark and Norway in the Year 1523. by the unanimous consent of the Nobility upon their rejecting King Christian This Prince abrogated the Act of Hereditary Union of the Three Northern Cowns in the Year 1524. at a Convention of the States then held at Malmugen He made Profession of the Reformed Religion and after he had thrown out the Monks in 1527. introduced the same into his Countries He was twice married his first Wife being Anne Daughter of John Cicero Elector of Brandenburg who dyed 1521. And his second Sophia Daugher of Bogâ—slans the Tenth Duke of Pemeranta Deceased 1568. By these he had Issue I. Dorothy born 1494. Married to Albert Duke of Prussia Deceased 1547. II. Christianus the Third born 1503. of whom more in the next Sect. III. John Surnam'd The Elder born 1521. Deceased without Issue 1580. IV. Elizabeth Married in 1542. to Magnus and after his Decease in 1556. to Ulrick Dukes of Meckleburg she dyed 1586. V. Anne Deceased of the Plague VI. Dorothy Married to Christopher Duke of Meckelburg in 1573. Deceased 1575. VII Adolph the First Duke of Sleswick born 1526. of whom more hereafter in the Ducal Line of Sleswick VIII Frederick Bishop of Hildesheim born 1529. Deceased Oct. the 27th 1556. § V. Of these Christian the Third succeeded to the Throne about the Year 1537. the beginning of whose Reign was perplexed with many Difficulties all which he Master'd in the end He established the Reformed Religion throughout his Dominions and caused the Holy Bible to be Translated into the Daniso Tongue and above all made it his chiefest care to enjoy a peaceable and quiet Reign He departed this Life 15â—â— leaving behind him the Character and Example of a Devout Peaceable and Excellent Prince By his second Marriage which was with Dorothy Daughter of Magnus Duke of Sax-Lawenburg he had live Children the Daughters being Anne and Dorothy the first Married to Augustus Elector of Saxony the other to Ulrick Duke of Lunenburg The Sons names were 1. Magnus Bishop of Derpte in Livonia who with the assistance of the Russe attempted but in vain the Reduction of Livonta He departed this Life in Poland An. 1585. leaving only a Daughter who being carried into Muscovy by her Mother who was John Basilides the Czaâ—'s Daughter was there Educated and Married to Albert Janowitz Lord High Chancellor of that Country 2. John the Second Progenitor of the Ducal Line of Holstein of whom more in the Eleventh Section And 3. Frederick the Second Eldest of the Three tho' last named who succeeded to the Throne after his Father's Decease in the Year 1559. This Prince gave the Isle of hay to Tycho Brahe that he might the better be at leisure to make
his Astronomical Observations He had great Wars with the Swede till the Year 1570. In 1574. he began to build Cromenburg and two Years after open'd an University at Sora. He likewise highly adorned and advanc'd the Order of the Elephant His Queen was the Princess Sophia of Meckeburg By whom he had these following Sons and Daughters 1. Elizabeth born 1573. Married to Henry Julius Duke of Brunswick 1590. Deceased 1627. 2. Anne born 1574. given in Marriage to James King of Scotland and afterwards of Great Britain on the 20th of Aug. 1590. Deceased March the 2d 1618. 3. Augusta born 1580. Married to Adolph Duke of Holstein Gottorp Deceased 1629. 4. Hedewig born 1581. and Married Christianus the Second Elector of Saxony she departed this Life 1602. The Sons were 1. Christian the Fourth born 1577. 2. Ulrick Bishop of Sleswick Deceased 1624. And 3. John born 1583. who went into Muscovy where in hopes of succeeding to that Crown he Married the Princess Alexia but being seiz'd by an Apoplexy dyed without Issue An. 1602. Christian the Fourth was elected King at the Age of Thirteen his Father being yet living who having his thoughts on War tho' in time of Peace gave Orders for the raising several Fine Fortifications namely Christianstadt in Schonen Christiania in Norway Christianople in Bleking Gluckstadt upon the Elbe and Christian-Presk in Holstein He was engaged in several great Wars as first with the Swede then with Count Schaumburg a second time with the Swede in 1611. followed by a Peace in 1613. Then with the Emperour in 1625. on behalf of the Circle of the Lower-Saxony by whose Forces he was defeated in a Battel fought not far from Lutheram Bohrenburg then again with the Swede in 1643 at which time he had various Success till at length a Peace was concluded with 'em at the Town of Bremsbroe in the Year 1648. In 1618. he set out a Fleet for the Isle of Zeilan in the East-Indies the first that ever sailed from Denmark for those Parts which returned Freighted with Spice The Partner of his Bed and Fortunes was Anne Catharine Daughter of Joachim Frederick Elector of Brandenburg by whom he had Issue 1. Christian born 1603. elected to succeed him but dyed in the Prime of his Age An. 1647. 2. Frederick of whom more in the next Sect. And 3. Ulrick born 1611. deceased in Silesia of a Wound receiv'd by a Musquet-shot An. 1631. Besides these he had many natural Children namely John Ulrick of Guldenlow by a certain Lady named Catharina Andraea As also Christian Woldemar Earl of Hilstein Deceased at Lublin in the Swedish Service against the Poles An. 1656. Frederica Sophia Married to Christian Earl of Penzen Councellor of State Frederica Eleanora Married to Cornifitz Count d' Ulfeldt the King 's chief Taster deceased 1684. Frederica Elizabeth given in Marriage to John de Lindenau Councellor of State Christina to Hannibal a Geestadt Governour of Norway Frederica Hedewig espous'd to Ebbo d' Uhlefeldt And Dorothy who changed her Religion and took the Habit of a Nun Which Seven were born him by Madam Catharine Munkin Last of all by Madam de Wibiken he was Father of Ulrick Christianus de Guldenlow deceased 1661. And Elizabeth Married to Nicholas Count d' Ahlefeldt 9. VI. Frederick the Third Bishop of Bremen being beaten out of his Bishoprick by the Swede was after his Father and Brother Christian's Decease elected King of Denmark and Norway in the Year 1648. He discover'd Count Uhlefeldt's Conspiracy And had War with the English as also with the Swede till a Peace was made at Roschild 1654. But the War breaking out a fresh the next Year Copenhagen was besieged by the Swedes and Tuyen recovered by the Danes When a Peace was again concluded in 1666. In his Reign the constitution of the Government was altered and of an elective Monarchy made Hereditary His Queen was Sophia Amalia Daughter of George Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg by whom he had Issue as followeth 1. Christian the Fifth the present King of Denmark 2. Anna Sophia born 1647. and married in 1666. to John George the Third Elector of Saxony 3. Frederica Amalia born 1648. and married in 1667. to Christian Albert Duke of Sleswick 4. Wilhelmina Ernestina born 1650. the now Relict of Charles late Elector Palatine 5. George who crossing the Seas went for England where he married the Princess Anne Daughter of James Duke of York since King of England on the 28th of July 1683. by whom he has had many Children but all Daughters and short lived However in Aug. last this present Year 1689. she was at length brought to Bed of a Prince the Joy and Hopes of the English Nation 6. Ulrica Eleanora born 1656 and married to Charles the Eleventh the present King of Sweden May the 16th 1680. Besides these he left a natural Son Ulrick Frederick Count de Guldenlow the now Governour of Norway who by a certain noble Lady is Father of Woldemar Baron of Lowenthal a Colonel in the Danish Forces Afterwards he took to Wife Antonia Augusta Daughter of Anthony Count Oldenburg in the Year 1677. by whom he has many Children and amongst the rest Frederick Christianus As for the Good King he departed this life Feb. the 9th 1670. § VII And now for Christian the present King his Son and Sucessor born 1645. who in short has had sharp Wars with Sweden Has Imprisoned his Chancellor Greiffenfield for life Sat down before Hamburgh but was forced to raise his Siege Has restored the Danobrogick Order of Knighthood Has surrendred the Dutchy of Sleswick to the Duke of Holstein and is married to Charlotte Daughter of William Landtgrave of Hesse by whom he has Issue a fair Race of Princes viz. 1. Frederick born Oct. the 21st 1671. 2. Christianus Oct. the 18th 1675. 3. Sophia Hedewig Aug. the 28th 1677. 4. Christiana Charlotte Jan. the 18th 1679. 5. Charles Oct. the 25th 1680. And 6. William 1687. Of the Augmentation of the Regal Family § VIII AFter it had been enacted in the Reign of Queen Margaret that for the future Denmark Sweden and Norway should be Governed by the same Prince Christianus the First Earl of Oldenburg became possessed of these Three Kingdoms by Right of Election that is to say first of Denmark to which appertained Jutlandt Zelandt Tuyen Schonen Halland Bleking Temeren Bornholm Alsen Lang-Landt Lalandt Hyen c. secondly â—f Norway and its Dependencies to which â—â—so belonged the Isles of Orkney and Iseland â—â—irdly of Sweden together with both the Sothlands Lapland Finland and other its appurtenances In the Year 1459. Christianus he First bought the Earldom or County of Holstein for three and thirty Thousand Florins 〈◊〉 1474. the County of Holstein was erected into a Dutchy of the sacred Roman Empire Upon the Death of Adolph Duke of Sleswick that Dutchy as held in Fee fell to the Crown Christian the Third bought the Isle of Oesel and Lordship of Auron in Livonia where
likewise he had the City of Ravel delivered up â—o him by Maurice Wrangel Bishop thereof â—n the Year 1676. Anthony Gunther the last Earl of Oldenburg dying without Issue the present King by right of Inheritance became possessed of the Counties of Oldenburg and Delâ—enborst as also the Lordship of Kniphuse In the Year 1682. there was an accession to this Lrown of the Lordship of Jevern by the Grant of the French King Last of all Christian Adolph Duke of Holstein in Sunderburg was necessitated to part with his Soveraignty to the present King Of its Decrease § IX THe first and indeed the greatest diminution suffered by the Royal Family of Denmark was in the Year 1469. at which time the Princess Margaret was given in Marriage to James the Third King of Scotland together with the Isles of Orkney and Hetland as security for her Portion which was fifty thousand Florins of the Rhine In 1524 the Kingdom of Sweden was torn from it In 1544. at a division then made of Lands in the Dutchy of Holstein 'twixt King Christian the Third and his Brother Adolph the King parted with the Governments of Trictou Oldenburg and Neustadt together with the Monastries of Cismar and Rheinbeck as also the whole Dutchy of Sleswick tho' this last was to be held by Adolph and his Posterity only as a Fife of the Crown In 1564. at another division of Lands then made 'twixt King Frederick the Second and his Brother John the latter obtain'd the Isles of Alsen and Arroe as also the Praefectures or Governments of Ploen Rheinfeld and Arensburg with their Dependencies About the Year 1585. the then King of Denmark lost Oesel as also what-ever else he held in Liffland In 1658. Halland the Isle of Bornholm Schonen and Bleking were set over to the Swede by the fifth Article of the Peace of Roschild As was also the Government of Babuys in Norway with the City and Castle thereof together with the Government of Drontheam and whatever else the Danes had been hitherto possessed of in the Isle of Rugen tho' afterwards by the Articles of Peace concluded on in the Year 1660. Drontheam and Bornhelm were again surrendred to the Danes In 1689. Christian the present King of Denmark restored the Dutchy of Sleswick to Christian Albert the present Duke together with the absolute and independent Sovereignty thereof The same Year in the Month of Aug. the Lordship of Jevern by an amicable agreement was surrendred to the Prince of Anhalt-Servesten Of the Pretensions of this House § X. THe Claims of the Kings of Denmark are to the City of Hamburg as built and enlarged by the ancient Earls of Holstein of the Family of Schaumburg See Harman de Lesbeke Monk of Minden his Chron. Com. Schavenb inter opuscula rerum German Celeberr Henrici Meimbomii And to the Isles of Orkney as Mortgaged to the ancient Kings of Scotland Of the Ducal Line of Holstein § XI IT has been already said in the fifth Section Numb 2. That John Brother of Frederick the Second King of Denmark and Son to King Christian the Third was the first Progenitor of the present Ducal Line of Holstein who being twice Married became the Father of a very numerous Issue which spread it self into the four branches of Sunderburg Nordburg Glucksburg and Pleen Of the Branch of Sunderburg § XII THis Branch began in Alexander born 1573. who in the division of Lands with his Brethren had Sunderburg part of the Isle of Alsen and part of the Peninsula of Sunderwick for his Patrimony Of this Prince's Posterity we shall speak in the first place As for himself he departed this Life in 1627. having had Ten Children by his Wife the Lady Dorothy of Schwartzburg the Sons being 1. John Christian Duke of Holstein in Sunderburg who deceased in the Year 1653 leaving Issue by his Wife the Lady Anne of Oldenburg a Son named 1. Christian Adolph Duke of Holstein c. who now lives at Frantzhagen in Sax-Lawenburg which was his Wife's Portion together with his Son Prince Leopold Christian born 1678. 2. Ernestus Guntherus who lives at Augsburg with his Wife Augusta Daughter to his Uncle Philip Duke of Glucksburg by whom he has had Issue Frederick who now serves in the King of Denmark's Army Ernestus Philip slain at the Siege of Stetin Frederick William Provost of the Cathedral Church at Hamburg Lovise Charlotte married to Lewis Frederick Prince of Holstein in Beck And Ernestus Guntheras who turned his Religion and was made Canon of Colegne 3. Alexander Henry This Prince turn'd Catholick and died in the Year 1667. leaving Issue by his Wife a certain Reform'd Minister's Daughter Three Sons named Ferdinand Leopold Provost of the Cathedral at Breslaw Alexander Rudolph Canon of Bleslaw and Amuzen And George Ernestus Lieutenant General in one of the Imperial Armies 4. Augustus Philip who purchased the Castie of Beck where he died An. 1675 leaving Issue Sophia Lovise married to Frederick Count de Bukeburg Augustus Captain of the Guards to his Electoral Highness the Duke of Brandenburg who married Lovise Daughter of Philip Count de Lippe in Bukeburg and died of a Dysentery at the Siege of Bon An. 1689. Lewis Frederick likewise Captain of the Brandenburg Guards married Jan. the 11th 1685. to Lovise Charlotte his Uncle Ernest Gunther's Daughter Maximilian Anthony Gunther and Ernestus Camire 5. Philip Lewis born 1620. who bought the Castle of Wisenburg in Misnia but lives at present in the Castle of Oberkozau in Voightlandt where he begot three Sons whose names are 1. Frederick Lieutenant-General amongst the Imperialists who took to Wife Charlotte Dutchess of Lignitz by whom he has Issue Leopold born Jan. the 12th 1674. 2. Charles Lewis Captain of the Guards to the Landtgrave of Hesse And 3. William Christian born 1661. a Captain in the Elector of Saxony's Forces Of the Branch of Nordburg § XIII THe second Son of John Duke of Holstein was Frederick Propagator of the Branch of Nordburg who changed this Life for a better An. 1658. his Children being 1. John Bugislaus born 1629. deceased a Batchellor 1680. 2. Christian Augustus who twice Travelled over Palaestine and highly approv'd himself in the Wars by his good Services to the Dutch and English 3. Rudolph Frederick Colonel in the Dutch Forces who married the Countess Bibiana Daughter of Sigismund Sifrid Count de Promnitz the Baron de Lippe's Relict deceased 1685. having born him a Son and a Daughter namely Sophia Henrietta born 1682. and Ernestus Leopold 1684 both which are brought up in the Court of Wolfembuttel He himself died in November 1688. 4. Elizabeth Juliana born May the 24th 1634. and married to Anthony Ulrick Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg 1656. 5. Dorothy Hedewig formerly Lady Abbess of Gandersheim but turn'd Catholick and married Christopher Count de Ranzan And 6. Lovise Amaena married to John Frederick Count de Hohenlob in the Year 1665. Of the Branch of Glucksburg § XIV THe Third Son of Duke
Elizabeth born 1540. married to John Frederick Duke of Saxony 1558. deceased 1594. 4. Herman Lewis drowned in France 1556. 5. John Casimire born March 7. 1543. who by his Wife Elizabeth as others Anne Daughter of Augustus Elector of Saxony had an only Daughter named Dorothy born 1580. married to John George Prince of Anhault Dessau 1598 or 95 deceased 1618. or 1610. 6. Susanna Dorothy born Nov. 19. 1544. married to John William Duke of Saxony 1560. deceased March 4. 1592. 7. Albert deceased an Infant An. 1546. 8. Anne Elizabeth born 1545. and married in 67. to Philip the Second Landtgrave of Hesse and again in 1599. to John Augustus Count Palatine in Deux Ponts she died 1609. 9. Charles deceased in his Infancy 1552. 10. Cunigunda Jacobaea born 1556. espoused to John Count Nassau in Dillenburg deceased 1586. 11. Christopher born June 13. 1551 sent by his Father to the Wars in Flanders and there Slain at the Battel of Mockerheiden 1574. Lewis the Sixth was his Father's Successor and wholly addicted to Luther's way of Worship as also a constant Reader of the Holy Scriptures Moreover he subscribed the Book of Concord being a very Peaceable Prince never medling with other Mens matters His first Princess was Elizabeth Daughter of Philip Landtgrave of Hesse who deceasing in 1582. he took to Wife Anne Daughter of Ezhard Earl of East-Friseland By the first Lady he had Issue Eleven Children whereof only Two were living at his Death which happened in the Year 1583. namely Frederick the Fourth and Mary Anne born 1561. who was married to Charles Duke of Sudermanland afterwards King of Sweden and died 1580. § X. Frederick the Fourth was born March 5. 1547. and brought up a Protestant In 1606. he built Manheim and began to fortifie the same He likewise very much enlarged the University of Heidelberg and took no less care for the Improvement of the whole Province His Death bears date Sept. 9. 1610. His Princess being Lovise Juliana Daughter of William Prince of Orange and his Issue by her as followeth 1. Lovise Juliana born June 16. 1594. married to John the Second Count Palatine of Deux-Ponts 1612. deceased 1640. or 1637. 2. Frederick the Fifth Prince Elector born Aug. 16. 1596. 3. Elizabeth Charlotte born Nov. 7. 1597. married to George William Elector of Brandenburg 1616. deceased 1657. or 1660. 4. Lewis Philip born Nov. 23. 1602. who being Ship'd in the same bottom was obliged to run the same Risque with his Brother Frederick Nevertheless he had the Palatinate of Simmeren restored him by the Instrument of the Feace of Osenburg and died afterwards at Berlin An. 1654. His Princess was Mary Eleanor Daughter of Joachim Frederick Elector of Brandenburg by whom he had Issue 1. Herman Maurice Francis born Oct. 1. 1640. in whom the Branch of Simmeren withered and became extinct by his dying without Issue An. 1673. And 2. Elizabeth Charlotte Mary born Oct. 24. 1638. and affianced to George Duke of Lignitz she departed this Life 1664. Frederick the Fifth succeeded his Father in the Electorate and was Elected and Crown'd King of Bohemia also in opposition to Ferdinand the Second Nov. 4. 1619. but being defeated the Year following by the Emperor's Forces in a great Battel Fought in a place called the White Hill not far from Prague was forced to fly into Holland whereupon he was forthwith Proscribed deposed from his Electoral Dignity and beat out of all his Dominions notwithstanding the great distast shown thereat by the Electors of Saxony and Brandenburg and many other Princes Nevertheless the greater part of the Palatinate being recovered after the Battel of Leipsick by Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden Frederick after ten Years Exile came to Frankfort in the Year 1632. and continued in those Parts for some time But this was only a Mockery of Fortune for he died at Mentz on Nov. 19. in the same Year O. S. not many Months after the Death of His Swedish Majesty who was Slain at the Battel of Lutz leaving the Princess Elizabeth Daughter of James the First King of Great Britain a disconsolate Widow and by her this following Issue 1. Frederick Henry born Jan. 1. 1614. and drowned in Harlem Meer on the 7th of the same Month An. 1629. and the 15th of his Age. 2. Charles Lewis born Dec. 22 12. 1617. of whom more in the next Section 3. Elizabeth born Dec. 26. 1618. she was made Lady Abbess of Hervorden in Germany being mightily addicted to the Muses and study of Philosophy especially Des Cartes's or the new and departed this Life on Jan. 8. 1680. 4. Rupert the Eleventh born Dec. 17. 1619. at Prague in Bohemia but brought up in Holland At the Battel of Lemgow he was taken and sent Prisoner to the Emperor at Vienna From whence being set at liberty he came for England where in 1642. he opposed with good Success the Rebellious Forces of the Parliament raised against the Government of King Charles the First In 1650. he left England and went for Portugal and from thence into Germany to his Brother After the Restauration of Charles the Second King of England he returned into that Country where he was made Admiral and at length died a Batchellor on the 19th of Nov. 1682. 5. Maurice born Dec. 27 17. 1620. Perished by Shipwrack in the Atlantick Ocean An. 1654. 6. Lovise Hollandina born 1622. and brought up a Protestant but she changed her Religion and went into France where she became Lady Abbess of Maubuison and died July 5. 1684. 7. Lewis born 1623. deceased two Years after 8. Edward born Oct. 6. 1624. who sought his Fortunes in France where in short he married Anne Gonzaga Daughter of Charles Duke of Nevers turn'd Catholick and died March 13. 1663. leaving Issue Three Daughters 1. Mary Lovise married to Charles Oths Count de Solmes deceased Mar. 11. 1679. 2. Anne born July 23. 1647. married to Henry Julius de Bourbon Duke d' Enghien Dec. 11. 1663. deceased And 3. Benedicta Henrietta Philippina born 1648. and married in 1668. to Frederick Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg She is now a Widow and lives at Paris 9. Henrietta Maria born 1626. she was married to Sigismund Prince of Transilvania and died Sept. 18. 1651. 10. Philip born Sept. 16 26. 1627. and Slain at the Battel near St. Stephens Dec. 15. 1650. 11. Sophia born Octob. 13. 1630. and married in 1658. to Ernest Augustus Bishop of Osenburg and Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg 12. Gustavus born Jan. 14. 1632. deceased in the same Month 1641. And 13. Charlotte deceased an Infant 1631. but born 1628. and should have been mentioned next Prince Philip. § XI We now return to Charles Lewis who during his Father's Exile was brought up in Holland where he made great Proficiency in the Study of Languages and other Sciences By the Peace of Prague there was only an Allowance settled on him and his Brethren suitable to their Quality but at length by that of
that other of Rotelen by the disposition of his Father liv'd at Durlach was a Lutheran and in great request for his Prudence with the Emperor Maximilian the First He dy'd Feb. 6. 1553. and besides Seven Daughters left Three Sons 1. Bernhard the Fifth born 1517. dy'd the same Year with his Father 2. Charles the Third born July 24. 1529. 3. Albert the Second a Valiant Warrior but dy'd without Children 1642. Of these Charles the Third succeeded his Father and dy'd March 23. 1577. His first Wife was Cunigund Daughter of Casimire Marquess of Brandenburg who dying 1558. He married Anne Daughter of Rupert Palatine of Veldentz who dy'd March 30. 1586. and left him 1. Dorothy Ursula born 1559. married to Lewis the Fifth of Wirtenburg and dy'd 1583. 2. Ernest Frederick his Successor born 1560. who as has been said Section 5. had a Dispute with his Kinsmen the Sons of Edward the Fortunate touching the Upper Marquisate or Baden of Baden He was a smart Defender of Lutheranism Founded a famous School at Durlach and dy'd April 14. 1604. but left no Issue tho' married to Anne Daughter of Etzhard Earl of Ostfrise Son of Frederick the Fourth Elector Palatine 3. James the Third born May 26. 1562. dy'd Aug. 15. 1590. And by Elizabeth Daughter of Florence Earl of Cullenburg left Anne born 1587. who was married to Wolrad of Waldeck and brought him the Earldom of Cullenburg and dy'd 1648. And one Posthumous Son James Ernestus who liv'd not long 4. George Frederick born Jan. 10. 1573. § VII This George succeeded his Brothers and suffer'd much by means of the Palatine Frederick the Fifth whose Party he adher'd to He dy'd at Geneva Sept 14. 1638. and had to Wife Juliana Ursula of Raugrave who dy'd 1614. and after that Agatha of the House of Erpace by whom he had Seventeen Children of which Eleven dy'd untimely The rest were 1. Catharine Ursula born Jan. 19. 1593. married to Otto of Hesse-Cassel 1613. dy'd Dec. 21. 1616. 2. Frederick the Second of whom presently 3. Anna Amalia born 1595. marry'd to William of Nassau in Saarbrucken 1615. dy'd 1652. 4. Charles the Fifth born 1598. dy'd in his Travel through France July 27. 1625. 5. Christopher the Fourth born March 16. 1603. Slain at the Siege of Ingolstadt Apr. 30. 1632. 6. Sibilla Magdalena born July 21. 1605. married June 7. 1629. to John of Nassau in Saarbrucken Frederick the Second born July 6. 1594. succeeded his Father He was a Prince of a general Learning took part with the King of Sweden which occasion'd him divers Troubles which he in a manner got out of by the Treaty of Osenburg dy'd Sept. 8. 1659. and had by Five Wives Eleven Children Six of which dy'd Infants The rest were 1. Frederick the Third born Nov. 6. 1617. of whom in the next Section 2. Sibilla born Feb. 5. 1620. dy'd unmarried Aug. 20. 1679. 3. Charles Magnus born March 17. 1621. he did the King of Sweden good Services and by that means came to be Lieutenant General of his Army dy'd Nov. 19. 1658. and left one Son Charles Frederick born 1651. He was a Knight of Malta and dy'd without Issue 1677. 4. Johanna born 1623. married to John Barnim Camp-Marshal of Sweden and after his Death to Henry Count of Thun 1648. and has been dead some Years 5. Gustavus Adolphus Abbot of Fulda in Germany and Cardinal He dy'd Dâ—â— 24. 1677. § VIII Frederick the Third succeeded his Father He was a Prince so great a Master of all the Arts of Peace and War that he wâ—â— General to the Emperor in the last War against the French and discharg'd it with Honour but having recover'd Philipsburg to the Empire dy'd 1677. in the Sixty Sixth Year of his Age His Wife was Christiana Magdalena Daughter of John Casimier Palatine of Bipont whom he married at Stockboim 1642. and had by her 1. Frederick Casimier born 1643. dy'd 1644. 2. Christiana born 1645. married 1665. to Albert Marquess of Brandenburg Ansbach and after his death to John Frederick Duke of Saxon-Gotham 1681. 3. Eleanora Catharina born and dy'd 1646. 4. Fredericus Magnus born Sept. 27. 1646. the now Reigning Prince He married Augusta Maria Daughter of Frederick Duke of Sleswick May 15. 1670. by whom he had Ten Children of which Four dy'd Infants The rest now living are 1. Catharine born Oct. 10. 1676. 2. Carolus Wilhelmus born Jan. 17. 1679. 3. Johanna Elizabetha born Oct. 3. 1680. 4. Alberta Frederica born July 3. 1682. 5. Christopher born Sept. 28. 1684. 6. Charlotte Sophia born March 1. 1686. 5. Carolus Gustavus born Sept. 27. 1648. a Warlike Prince and had to Wife Anna Sophia Daughter of Anthony Ulrick Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg married to him 1677. who brought him 1. Christiana Juliana born Sept. 12. 1678. 2. Charles born and dy'd 1680. 3. Frederick Rodolph born 1681. dy'd 1682. 4. Charles Anthony born Jan. 29. 1683. 6. Catharina Barbara born 1650. yet unmarried 7 Johanna Elizabetha born 1651. married to John Frederick Marquess of Brandendurg Ansbach dy'd Sept. 8. 1680. 8. Eleanora Frederica born and dy'd 1658. But the aforesaid Frederick's Wife dying he had Two natural Sons by a Private Gentlewoman her Father tho' a Colonel of Horse to wit Frederick and Bernhard call'd the Barons of Muntzenheim which Fief being possest by the Baron Hoffart and Escheated to him he conferr'd on them Of the Augmentations of this Family § IX HOw this Family got the Marquisate of Baden we have already shown After that Herman the Fourth had Durlach Heildesheim and Etlingen with his Wife the Daughter of Henry Count Palatine of Guelffe In the Year 1246. Herman the Fifth obtained the Dutchy of Austria and Stiria in right of his Wife In 1415. the County of Hochberg was further added A great part of Sponheim in 1437. and at the same time Mahlberg and Lobra in Ortenaw In 1444. Christopher hook'd in Baden-Weiler and Welschberg and after that Rodemachern Herspringen and Ufeldingen And upon the death of his Kinsman Philip the Landtgraviate of Sansenberg and the Seigniory of Rotelen fell in to the rest And lastly the Family of the Earls of Eberstein being extinct the greatest part of that County was added to that Family Of its Decreasings § X. THis Family suffer'd a loss about the middle of the Thirteenth Century at what time Ottocar King of Bohemia took Austria and Stiria from Frederick the rightful Heir But in the Last and this present French War both the Lines of this Family have suffer'd and do yet suffer And moreover has a pretence to the Principality of Geroltzeck CHAP. XV. Of the Family of Anhalt and Saxon-Lawenburg § I. THo' this Family be for Antiquity past all Memory yet it was known in the Year 524. by the Name of the Counts of Ascania and Ballenstedt After which Albert the Sixth of that House was by the Emperor Henry the Second created Marquess of Soltquel and died 1005. But when under Conrade the
June 27. 1675. 2. Ernestina Eleanora 3. Clara Chiliana 4. Albertina Gabrielis 2. Ernestina married to Maurice Henry of the Line of Hademar She died Aug. 15. 1668. 3. Clara Maria first married to Henry Ernestus Prince of Lignitz and after that to Claudius Lamorald his Brother now a Widow Of the Line of Dillenburg § V. GEorge as we have already said Sect. III. was the Founder of this Family His first Wife was Anna Amalia a Neice of the House of Sarsbruck who brought him many Children of whom though only Lewis Henricus propagated the Line His Wives were three 1. Catharine Countess of Sainsem 2. Elizabeth the Rhinegrave 3. Sophia Magdalena a Coulin-German of the Line of Hademar By the first and second he had a numerous Progeny and of the third we shall only now reckon George Lewis Adolphus and Augustus who though young perform'd Actions beyond his Years and died Jan. 7. 1681. George Lewis married Anna Augusta Daughter of Henry Julius Duke of Brunswick and died May 19. 1656. of whom there are now living 1. Henry born Aug. 28. 1641. who married Dorothy Elizabeth Daughter of George Duke of Lignitz in Silesia and saw living from her 1. Sophia Augusta born April 18. 1666. 2. George Lewis born June 21. 1667. 3. Albertina born Aug. 8. 1668. 4. William born Aug. 28. 1670. 5. Adolphus born March 7. 1673. 6. Frederica Amalia born in Decemb. 1674. 2. Sophia Eleanora born May 2. 1640. unmarried 3. Charlotta born 1643. married 1665. to Augustus Earl of Lignitz and he dying in 1680. to Ferdinand Gobert Earl of Aspremont There remains Adolphus Uncle to Henry who was seated in Schaumburg where by Elizabeth Charlotta Daughter of Peter Earl of Holtzapfel he had Three Daughters 1. Ernestina Charlotta born 1662. married to William Maurice a Kinsman of the House of Siegen 2. Johanna Elizabetha born 1663. 3. Charlotta born 1672. Of the Line of Diezen § VI. THe first of this Line was Ernestus Casimier who succeeded his Brother William Lodowick in the Government of Friesland and Greeningen He was Major-General to the Consederate States of the Vnited Provinces and slain by a Shot at Ruremond in Guelderland June 5. 1632. His Wife was Sophia Hedewig of Brunswick who died 1642. by whom he had 1. Henry Casimier Governour of Friesland and Groeningen who was slain at the Sconce of Nassau in Flanders June 6. 1640. 2. William Frederick who succeeded his Brother in his Commands but unfortunately slain Oct. 13. 1664. for blowing into a Pistol to try if it were charg'd it went off and so wounded him that he died in three Days His Widow Henrica Aemilia of the House of Orange is yet living who brought him 1. Henry Casimier born Jan. 1657. He succeeded his Father in his Hereditary Dignities and married Henrica Amalia Daughter of John George II. Prince of Anhalt 2. Sophia Wilhelmina born 1664. and is yet unmarried Of the Line of Hademar § VII THis Line began in John Lodovick who went off to the Church of Rome and was by the Emperour Ferdinand II. made Chamberlain of the Empire Ferdinand III. made him of his Privy-Council and sent him Ambassadour to the Treaty of Westphalia He was the first of these Four Lines on whom the Honour of having a Vote and Sear among the Princes was conferr'd and died March 6. 1653. His Wife was Vrsula Countess of Lippen by whom he had Twelve Children seven of which were but short-liv'd The rest were 1. Johanna Elizabetha born 1619. married to Frederick Prince of Anhalt of the House of Hatzgerod died 1647. 2. Sophia Magdalena born Feb. 6. 1622. married to Lewis Henry a Cousin-German of the Line of Dillenburg died Feb. 6. 1659. 3. Maurice Henry born 1626. the Successor of his Father He married Ernestina Daughter of John the Younger a Kinsman of the Line of Siegen 1650. and after her death in 1668. Maria Leopoldina Daughter of John Francis Desideratus of the same Line who also dying he married Anna Lodovica Countess of Manderscheid and died Jan. 24 1679. leaving by the said Countess a large Progeny of whom yet these are only living 1. Francis Alexander born Jan 27. 1674. and bred under the Tuition of his Mother-in-Law and his Uncle 2. Albertina Johannetta born May 9. 1681. 4. Herman Otto born 1627. He was Bishop of Cologne c. and died July 26. 1660. 5. Francis Bernhard born Sept. 21 1637. Dean of the Chapter of Cologne as also of Strasburg CHAP. XVII Of the Family of Lorrain § I. WE have hitherto shewn besides the Regal the Principal Families of the Princes of Germany and come now to those of other Countries where in the first place the Family of Lorrain comes in our way which that it had the same Original with those of Austria Wirtenburg and Baden Antiquity gives us not the least reason to doubt For Gerhard descended of the ancient Landtgraves of Alsatia the old Family of Lorrain descended from Charlemaigne being extinct was created Duke of Lorrain by the Emperor Henry the Third An. 1048. His Wife was Hadwid of Namur by whom himself dying 1070. he left Two Sons Theodorick and Gerhard who was created Earl of Valdemont but his Posterity went out in Henry the Fourth Earl and his Niece Margaret who was married to Frederick of Lorrain of whom we shall soon speak again But Theodorick succeeded his Father in the Dutchy from whom in a right Line are descended the Dukes of Lorrain to Charles the First surnamed The Bold who dy'd 1430. and left no Son His Brother Frederick before mentioned married Margaret Countess and Heir of Joinville and Valdemont and brought back this County into his Family He was Slain at the Battle of Agincourt Oct. 25. 1415. His Son was Anthony Earl of Valdemont who had sharp Contests about the Succession to his Uncle with Renatus Andine King of Naples who had married Isabel the Daughter of Charles the Bold which came to Blows Andine was beaten and taken Prisoner 1431. and at last matters were so made up That Andine should give up his Right and his Daughter Jolantha in Marriage to Frederick the Son of Anthony by which means the said Frederick came at length to be the Successor of Charles the Bold He dy'd 1470. § II. The Son of Frederick was Renatus to whom no Duke of Lorrain was ever equal for Power and largeness of Territory He had hot Wars with Charles surnamed The Stout Duke of Burgundy Made his last Will 1506. by which he made his Sons Anthony and Claudius his Heirs as having design'd his other Sons to the Church and dy'd Dec. 8. 1508. By this disposition Claudius had the County of Aumale the Baronies of Guise and Joinville the Lordships of Elbeuf Maine c. but his Posterity fail'd in Francis Joseph the only Son of Lewis Joseph Duke of Guise Joyeuse and Augoulesine who dy'd 1675. There yet remain'd Mary the Sister of Lewis the Grandfather Dutchess of Guise and Joyeuse Princess of Joinville but she
her Uncle Maurice Prince of Oneglia 2. Franciscus Hyacinthus Duke of Savoy born 1632. deceased 1638. 3. Charles Emanuel of whom below 4. Margaret Joland born 1635. married to Rainulius Duke of Parma April 29. 1660. deceased 1663. 5 Adelais Henrica or as others Henrietta Adelheid born Nov. 6. 1636. married to Ferdinand Maria Elector of Bavaria 1652. deceased March 18. 1676. 6. Catharina Beatrix her Twin-Sister deceased 1637. Charles Emanuel who succeeded his Father was born June 20. 1634. He perform'd all his Exercises very finely on Horseback for the improvement of which Art he caused an Academy to be opened at Turin and was so absolutely perfect in all other Endowments both of Mind and Body that his untimely death which hapned June 12. 1675. is never enough to be lamented In 1663. he took to Wise Frances Magdalen Daughter to John Baptist Gaston Duke of Orleans but she died May 11. 1665. After which he married Mary Joan Baptist of Savoy Daughter to Charles Amadeus Duke of Nemours whom he left as she still remains a Widow By the last he had Victor Amadeus Francis the present Duke of Savoy born May 17. 1666. On April 9. 1684. he married Anne Mary Daughter to Philip Duke of Orleans by whom as far as I can learn he has hitherto had only 1. Mary Adelheid born Dec. 6. 1685. And 2. Another Daughter born Aug. 30. N.S. 1688. whose Name as yet I know not § VI. It still remains we say somewhat of Thomas Francis youngest Son to Charles Emanuel I. Duke of Savoy mentioned already by us in Sect. IV. Numb 9. who spent his Life for the most part in the Wars Jan. 22. 1624. he married Mary of Bourbon Daughter to Charles Count de Soissons who bare him 1. Charlotte Christina not long-liv'd 2. Aloisia Christina born Aug. 1. 1627. and married to Ferdinand Maximilian Marquiss of Baden 1693. 3. Emanuel Philibert Amadeus of Savoy Prince de Carignan born Aug. 20. 1628. He was both deaf and dumb and so wholly unfit for Business of State nevertheless he was married in 1684. to Mary Catharine of Este Prince Borsus his Daughter 4. Joseph Emanuel John born June 24. 1631. deceased Jan. 12. 1656. 5. Eugenius Maurice of Savoy Count de Soissons born May 3. 1635. of whom beneath 6. Amadeus and both which died in their youth 7. Ferdinand both which died in their youth As for Eugenius Maurice he departed this Life June 7. 1673. On Feb. 20. 1657. he married Olympia Daughter of Michael Laurence of by Cardinal Mazarine's Sister whom he left a Widow and by her a numerous Issue viz. 1. Lewis Thomas Count de Soissons born Decemb 15. 1657. His Princess's Name is Urania de la Cropte Daughter to the Noble Baron de Beauvais whom he married Decemb 17. 1682. 2. Philip born 1659. 3. Lewis Julius born May 2. 1660. and slain in the Turkish Wars July 13. 1683. 4. Emanuel born 1663. deceased 1676. 5. Francis Eugenius born 1665. 6. Frances deceased Feb. 24. 1671. 7. Mary Joan Baptista born Jan. 1. 1665. 8. Aloisia Philiberta born Nov. 22. 1667. CHAP. XX. Of the House of Mantua § I. WE now come to the Family of the Dukes of Mantua and shall derive the same from one Hugo who married one of the Gonzaga's a Family of a Noble Extraction in Lombardy which was the reason that his Son Gerhard who was invested in Mantua by his Cousin Adelbert in 1009. as an immediate Feudatory of the Empire took on him the Name of Gonzaga Hugo his Father died in the Year 946. and is said to be the Son of another Hugo who was Earl of Provence and King of Italy and Son to King Lotharius III. Grandson to K. Lotharius II. and great Grandson to Lotharius the Emperour Aloisius or Lewis Gonzaga was the Eleventh in descent from Gerhard and created Captain of Mantua by the Emperour Charles IV. in the Year 1329. His Son and Successor was Guido who begat Lewis which Lewis was succeeded by his Son Francis all of 'em Captains of Mantua Francis's Son and Successor was John Francis created the first Marquiss of Mantua by the Emperour Sigismund Sept. 22. 1433. His eldest Son and Successor was Frederick I. who begat Francis II. Francis II. begat Frederick II. who was created the First Duke of Mantua by Charles V. April 8. 1530. and left three Sons 1. Francis who died without Issue 2. William who succeeded his Brother Francis And 3. Lewis of whom in the next William's Son and Successor was Vincent Duke of Mantua whose Issue was as followeth 1. Margaret Gonzaga married to Henry Duke of Lorrain 2. Eleanor married in 1622. to the Emperour Ferdinand II. deceased June 27. 1655. 3. Francis II. who left only a Daughter 4. Cardinal Ferdinand And 5. Vincent in whom the Ducal Line in Italy failed Anno 1627. § II. Return we therefore to Lewis III. Son to Frederick above-mentioned who married the Lady Henrica Heiress to the Dutchy of Nevers in France which was possess'd by his Posterity 'till the Year 1659. at what time they sold it to Cardinal Mazarine His Son was Charles Gonzaga Duke of Nevers who became Duke upon the death of his Cousin Vincent and Heired all his Estates He departed this Life in the Year 1637. having begot Charles II. who contrary to the Course of Nature died before his Father 1631. Nevertheless he was first married and left Issue as follows 1. Eleanor born May 18. 1629. married to the Emperour Ferdinand III. 1651. deceased 1â—86 2. Charles III. the present Duke who married Isabella Clara Daughter to Leopold V. Arch-Duke of Austria but has no Issue by her CHAP. XXI Of the Family of the Dukes of Parma and Placentia § 1. THe Dukes of Parma owe their Original to the ancient Line of the Farnese's in Italy from whence Pope Paul III. otherwise Alexander de Farnese was descended who in 1545. created his Natural Son Peter Aloisius de Farnese Duke of Parma and Placentia Nevertheless by reason of his vicious Disposition and intolerable Cruelty he so far incensed both the Nobility and Commonalty that they conspired against him and slew him His Son Octavius married Margaret Natural Daughter to Charles V. Alexander de Medices Great Duke of Tuscany's Widow and of this Match Alexander de Farnese Prince of Parma was born a Prince worthy the noblest Character and hardly to be equall'd by the greatest Men of that Age. He married Mary of Portugal by whom he had Rainulius I. Duke of Parma and Placentia and Odoardus I. who became a Cardinal The first of these begat 1. Alexander the Dumb who by reason of that Imperfection was unfit to Govern And 2. Odoardus II. who succeeded his Father and died 1646. § II. This Odoardus II. had four Children that survived him the eldest of which was Ratnulius II. the present Duke of Parma and Placentia who on Apr. 29. 1660. married Margaret Joland Daughter to Victor Amadeus Duke of Savoy but she died in 1663. After
which he took to Wife Isabel d' Este Daughter to Francis Duke of Modena who likewise is since dead As far as we can hear he has but one Son viz. Odoardus the Third lately married as is reported to Hedewig Elizabeth Amalia Daughter of Philip William Elector Palatine CHAP. XXII Of the House of Modena § I. THe Dukes of Modena are descended from the Ancient Marquesses of Este whose common Father was Hugo Lord of Padua and Marquess of Este Amongst the Descendants of this Lord we find one Borsus who was created Duke of Modena by the Emperor Frederick the Third and of Ferrara by Pope Paul the Second He was succeeded by his Brother Hercules the First who died in 1505. being succeeded by his Son Alphonso the First who by his Wife Lucretia Daughter to Pope Alexander the Sixth had Hercules the Second Duke of Mantua and Ferrara to whom the Government fell upon the death of his Father in 1534. His Son and Successor was Alphonso the Second who died without Issue in the Year 1597. § II. Now there was surviving at this time Caesar d' Este Son of Alphonso Marquess of Monte Casso natural Son to Alphonso the First Duke of Modena by Laura Eustachia a Woman of obscure Birth who afterwards got the name of Labella Ferratarina Duke Alphonso dying without Issue left this Caesar his Heir by the consent of the Emperors Maximilian the Second and Rodolph the Second But the Pope seized on Ferrara as a Fee Farm of the Church vacant by the death of the last Duke However he was Invested in that of Modena in the Year 1598. and was succeeded therein by his Son Francis the First who died 1656. leaving Issue 1. Alphonsus the Third who succeeded him and in 1655. married Laurentia Cardinal Mazarine's Niece by his Sister of which Match came Alphonso the Fourteenth the present Duke who was born 1656. and married a Princess out of the Family of the Barberini 2. Almerick Prince of Modena where he is at present we cannot so well say 3. Isabel married to Rainulius the Second Duke of Parma c. but some time since dead 4. Mary Eleanor Beatrix married in 73. to James the Second King of Great Brittain the now lives in France CHAP. XXIII Of the Family of the Dukes of Curland THe Dukes of Curland are Originally of Westphalia for Gothard the First Son to Gothard Redlar a Westphalian Knight and Grand Master of the Teutonick Order was created Duke of Curland and Semigallan by Sigismund King of Poland and begat James who succeeded in that Dukedom Duke James in 1645. married Charlotte the Daughter of George William Elector of Brandenburg who died in 76. having born him the following Issue 1. Frederick Casimier the present Duke who married Sophia Amalia of Nassau-Siegen on Dec. 25. 1688. by whom he has hitherto had only Two Daughters 2. Ferdinand a Noble and Valiant Prince Lieutenant-General in the Elector of Brandenburg's Army 3. Alexander Wounded with a Cannon-Ball at the Siege of Buda and died in his way towards Vienna 4. Lovise Elizabeth married to Frederick Landtgrave of Hesse of the Line of Hamburg 1671. 5. Mary Amalia married May 21. 1673. to Charles Landtgrave of Hesse of the Line of Cassel 6. Charlotte who as yet lives unmarried in the King of Sweden's Court. FINIS BOOKS Printed for and Sold by MATTHEW GILLYFLOWER at the Spread-Eagle in Westminster-hall FOLIO'S CAbala or Mysteries of State and Government in Letters of illustrious Persons in the Reigns of Henry the VIII Queen Elizabeth King James and King Charles The Third Edition with large Additions The Compleat Gard'ner or Directions for the right Ordering of Fruit-gardens and Kitchen-gardens with the Culture of Oranges and Melons Made English by John Evelyn Esq The Compleat Horseman discovering the surest Marks of the Beauty Goodness Faults and Imperfections of Horses with the Signs and Causes of their Diseases the true Method both of their Preservation and Cure with the regular Use of Bleeding and Purging Also the Art of Shooing Breeding and Backing of Colts with a Supplement of Riding By the Sieur de Solleysell Querry to the French Kings Made English from the 8th Edition by Sir John Hope Kt. Adorned with Sculptures Aesop's Fables English'd by Sir Roger L'Estrange Kt. The Works of the Famous English Poet Mr. E. Spenser Brownlow's Entries of such Declarations Informations Pleas in Barr c. and all other Parts of Pleading now in use with Additions of Authentick Modern Precedents inserted under every Title The Commentaries of Julius Caesar with judicious Observations By Clement Edmunds Esq To which is now added The Duke of Rohan's Remarks a Geographical Nomenclator with the Life of Caesar and an Account of his Medals OCTAVO'S The Essays of Michael Serginor de Montaign English'd by Charles Cotton Esq In Three Vol. Tables of Forbearance and Discompt of Mony By Roger Clavel Gent. Plutarch's Morals English'd by several Hands In Five Volumes Charron of Wisdom Made English by Dr Stanhope In Two Vol. Puffendorf's Introduction to the History of Europe The Roman History from the Building of the City to the Removal of the Imperial Seat by Constantine the Great containing the space of three hundred fifty five Years For the Use of his Highness the Duke of Gloucester In Two Vol. The Third Edition By Laurence Etchard A. M. An Abridgement of Sir Walter Raleigh's History of the World according to his own Method both as to the Chapters and Paragraphs in his larger Vol. with his Premonition to Princes The Life of Cardinal Richlieu In Two Vol. A new Voyage into Italy In Two Vol. By Maximilian Misson Adorn'd with Sculptures now Reprinting with large Additions A new Voyage into the Levant by the Sieur du Mont with Sculptures The Life of Monsieur Colbert The Compleat English Physician or The Druggist's Shop opened Explicating all the Particulars of which Medicines are made with their Names Natures Preparations Vertues Uses and Doses and above 600 Chymical Processes By W. Salmon The Compleat Guide for Justices of the Peace In two Parts The First Containing the Common and Statute-laws relating to that Office The Second Consisting of the most Authentick and useful Precedents By John Bond of Gray's-Inn Esq The Second Edition enlarg'd and continu'd down to this time with a Table referring to all the Statutes relating to a Justice of the Peace By E. Bohun Esq A View of all the Religions in the World from the Creation till these Times To which is added The Lives Actions and Ends of Notorious Hereticks with their Effigies in Copper-plates The Sixth Edition By Alexander Ross Emblems by Fr. Quarles The Elements of Euclid Explain'd in a New but most Easie Method with the Use of every Proposition through all Parts of the Mathematicks By Fr. de Chales Now made English and a Multitude of Errors Corrected The History of Scotland containing the Lives of James the I II III IV V with Memorials of State in the Reigns of James the VI.
1648. in the Forty eighth Year of his Age and Twenty fourth of his Reign And thus fell this oppress'd King than whom many have worn a Crown longer no one left it with so much Resolution His Queen and Relict was Henrietta Maria as hath been before said by whom he had Four Sons and as many Daughters 1. Charles Stuart born Christen'd and died the same Day March 18. 1628. 2. Charles Stuart Prince of Wales born May 29. 1630. who after a Twelve Years subversion of the Government was restor'd 1660. 3. James Stuart Duke of York born Octob. 14. 1633. who his Brother dying without Issue succeeded him in the Crown 4. Henry Stuart Duke of Gloucester born July 8. 1640. died after the Restauration Septemb. 13. 1660. His Daughters 1. Mary Stuart born Novemb. 4. 1631. married to William of Nassau Prince of Orange May 2. 1641. by whom she had one Son Henry William born nine Days after the Death of his Father Crown'd King of England April 11. 1689. She died Decemb 24. 1660. 2. Elizabeth Stuart born Decemb. 28. 1635. died Septemb. 8. 1650. 3. Anne Stuart born March 17. 1636. died Decemb. 8. 1640. 4. Henrietta Maria Stuart born June 16. 1644 at Exeter from whence she was convey'd into France and married to Philip Duke of Orleans Brother to Lewis XIV the present King of France She died 1670. King Charles I. being thus dead and that whatever it were of a Parliament according to the known Laws of England thereby dissolv'd they that had kill'd the Father knew they could not be secure 'till they had done as much by the Son and therefore immediately abolish the Monarchy and turn the Name Style Title and Test of the King into that of The Keepers of the Liberty of England by Authority of Parliament and make it High-Treason to proclaim or any ways to promote Charles Stuart commonly call'd Prince of Wales or any other Person to be King c. Yet this hindred not but that several printed Declarations in the Name of the Nobility Judges Gentry and other the Freemen of England were scattered about London thereby recognizing the Prince's Hereditary Birth-right to the Crown c. and their Resolutions of defending it to the last Man Dated Feb. 1. in the First Year of the Reign of King Charles II. XXVI The House of Lords was yet sitting and sent to the Commons for a Conference touching these matters who instead of vouchsafing them an Answer by their Votes Feb. 6. declare the Kingly Office to be unnecessary and burthensome and the Lords House dangerous and useless and therefore to be laid aside Against these Proceedings the Lords protest and the Army set a Guard upon their House to prevent their assembling And the Commons wholly took it away and their Privilege of Peerage with it unless being duly Qualified they shall be elected to sit in Parliament And thereupon enacted themselves The Supreme Authority of the Nation A Commonwealth and Free State without any King or House of Lords And committed the Executive Part of the Government to A Council of State erected by them of whom Forty were principal Officers in the Army And having obliterated the very Prints of Monarchy they proceeded to the Sale of King's Queen's Prince's Bishops Dean and Chapters and Delinquents Lands of which themselves were for the most part Purchasers and that at easie Rates During this time the Parliament of Scotland that they might at least seem not wanting to their Duty recognize the King's undoubted Right of Succession to the Crowns of these Kingdoms But with this Clause in it That he be not admitted to the Exercise of it 'till he had given Satisfaction to the Kingdom touching the Security of Religion and the Unity betwixt the Kingdoms according to the National Covenant and the Solemn League and Covenant Middleton on the other hand and several of the Scots Nobility that were for having the King admitted without previous Conditions take Arms in the Highlands but were dispers'd before the Marquess of Montross who with Men and Arms was just landed in the Isles of Orkney could come up to join them However this nothing daunted his Magnanimity but that with the Assistance of some few that came in to him he successfully made good the King's Interest against the Covenanters as he had formerly done his Royal Father's in 1645. And now they at home finding no great danger to be yet fear'd from Scotland cast an eye upon Ireland where the Irish had generally submitted to the King's Authority and with the Assistance of several of the English that had serv'd his Father had in a manner reduc'd the whole Kingdom excepting Dublin and the more remote parts of Ulster And having laid a new Tax of 90000 l. a Month for the maintenance of the Army they order Seven Regiments of Foot Four of Horse and One of Dragoons to be sent thither and appoint Cromwel General and his Son Ireton Lieutenant-General for the Expedition who with all the haste that could be transported their Forces and landed in Dublin Aug. 5. 1649. whence after a little refreshment Cromwel marches them for Drogedah and after several repulses takes it by storm puts all to the sword with out respecting either Age Sex or Condition and in less than a Year subdues the most part of the Kingdom to the Power of the New Commonwealth and returns for England leaving Iretan to finish the rest which he liv'd not to effect but died of the Plague at Limerick and was succeeded by Ludiour While things went thus in Ireland the Estates of Scotland had spun out a lingering Treaty with the King at Breda during which the Kirk-Party having surpriz'd Mentrosa defeated his Forces and gotten himself betray'd into their hands they bring him to Edinburgh hang him on a Gallows Thirty Foot high and quarter him May 21. 1650. at what time yet his Resolution was so great and his Deportment so winning that he won more from them by his manner of Dying than he could have vanquish'd in the Field by Arms. However the Treaty took effect at last and the King lands in Scotland and was proclaim'd at Edinburgh July 15. And now the Men at Westminster better known by the Name of The Rump think it high time to look about them and form an Army to be sent thither Fairfax should have commanded it but whether it were that the Covenant had bewitch'd him or Cromwel out-witted him he declin'd the Charge and Cromwel is made Generalissimo and with 16000 effective Men enters Scotland and has a Fleet on the Coasts to attend his motions Nor was it long ere he engag'd the Scots Army and gave them 6000 Horse and Dragoons and 15000 Foot a Defeat at Musleburgh and a total Rout at Dunbar Septemb. 3. the same Year On which they quit Edinburgh and retiring to St. Johnsteun for new Recruits Crown the King at Scoon Jan. 1. following Nor was Cromwel idle all this time but having Edinburgh-Castle surrender'd