in great Pomp. William Lenthal the Speaker of this House of Commons had at one time given him by this House six thousand pounds for his good services besides as Speaker he got two thousand pounds per annum and as Master of the Rolls three thousand pounds per annum more besides Sales of Offices And then he was for some time Chamberlain of Chester Chancellor of the Dutchy of Lancaster worth to him one thousand two hundred and thirty pounds per annum and one of the Commissioners of the Great Seal worth fifteen hundred pounds per annum Buestrode Whitlock Commissioner of the Great Seal worth to him fifteen hundred pounds per annum and had two thousand pounds given him out of Mr. Minn's Estate Edmond Prideaux once a Commissioner of the great Seal worth to him fifteen hundred pounds a year Then by order of the Junto afterwards he was permitted to practise within the Bar as the King's Council worth to him five hundred pounds per annum was also Post-Master General worth to him a hundred pounds ever Wednesday night and his Supper the Earl of Warwick had the benefit of foreign Letters which was worth to him five thousand pounds per annum Oliver S. Johns Solicitor to the King afterwards made Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas and was one of their Embassadors to Holland he had the passing of all Pardons upon Commissions worth to him forty thousand pounds he was called The Dark-Lanthorn-Man a knowing Man in the Laws and had the wit to keep out of danger being against the putting the King to death but a great Privado of Oliver's to whom he preferred his man Thurlo who was his Secretary when he went Ambassador and became afterwards Oliver's Secretaty of State he died at Utrecht in Holland since the King came in being favourably looked upon by his Majesty and honored for his parts Roger Hill a Barrester of the Temple of no Practice and little Estate till this Parliament had from the House the Bishop of Winchester's Mannor of Taunton-Dean worth twelve hundred pounds a year after the lives were out Humphry Sulway had given him the King's Remembrancer's Place worth two hundred pounds per annum Francis Rous was made Provost of Eaton worth six hundred pounds per annum and had a Colledge Lease worth six hundred pounds per annum more John Lilse a Barrester of the Temple was made Master of S. Crosses a place for a Divine worth eight hundred pounds per annum and afterwards one of the Commissioners of the Great Seal He was one of the King's Judges and stabb'd beyond Seas since his Majesties Restoration Sir William Allison an Alderman of York made Clerk of the Hamper worth a thousand pounds per annum and given to him Crab-Castle worth six hundred pounds per annum more belonging to the Archbishop of York Thomas Hoyle another Alderman of York was made Treasurer-Remembrancer in the Exchequer worth twelve hundred pounds per annum Tho. Pury first a Weaver in Glocester then a Country Solicitor had given him three thousand pounds and a place in the petty-Bag Office worth four hundred pounds per annum Tho. Purey the younger Son to the former was made Receiver of the King's Rents in Glocester and Wilts and ClerK of the Peace of Glocestershire worth two hundred pounds per annum and Captain of Foot and Horse who at the beginning of the Parliament was a Servant to an Attorney of Staple-Inn William Ellis made Steward of Stepney worth two hundred pounds per annum Miles Corbet at the bâ—ginning of the Parliament much in debt made one of the Registers of the Chancery worth seven hundred pounds per annum besides Chair-man for Scandalous Ministers worth a thousand pounds per annum one of the King's Judges and afterwards advanced to be a Judge in Ireland executed at Tyburn since the King came in John Goodwin made a Register of Chancery worth seven hundred pounds per annum Sir Tho. Widdrington a Commissioner of the Great Seal worth fifteen hundred pounds per annum Edward Bish made Garter-Herald in the place of Sir Ed. Walker worth six hundred pounds per annum Walter Strickland Agent in Holland for the two Houses of Parliament worth to him five thousand pounds Nicholas Love made one of the six Clerks of the Chancery worth two thousand pounds per annum Sir Gilbert Gerard was Pay-master to the Army had three pence per pound allowance worth sixty thousand pounds and Chancellor of the Dutchy worth five hundred pounds per annum John Selden had given him five thousand pounds John Bond Son of Dennis Bond made Master of Trinity-Hall in Cambridge Sir Benjamin Rudiard given him five thousand pounds Lucas Hodges made Customer of Bristol Sir John Hipsly given him two thousand pounds in money and made Keeper of three of the King's Parks Maribone Hampton and Bushy Parks Sir Tho. Walsingham had the Honor of Elsham To Benjamin Valentine given five Thousand pounds To Sir Henry Heyman 5000 l. Denzil Hollis 5000 l. Nat. Bacon 3000 l. John Stevens out of the Lord Astley's Composition 1000 l. Henry Smith made one of the six Clerks worth 2000 l. per annum Robert Reynolds given him 2000 l. besides Abbington-Hall and Lands worth 400 l. per annum Sir John Clotworthy was made Treasurer for Ireland John Ash given him out of Mr. Coventry's Composition 4000 l. out of Sir Edward Moseley's 1000 l. out of Mr. Phillips's 1200 l. out of Sir John Stowells 8000 l. and Chair-man at Goldssmiths-Hall John Lenthal Son to the Speaker made one of the six Clarks worth 2000 l. per annum Francis Allin once a Gold-smith made Customer for London Giles Green Chair-man for the Navy Francis Peirpoint had the Lands of the Arch-Bishop of York lying in Nottinghamshire William Peirpoint had 7000 l. given him and the Earl of Kingston's personal Estate worth 40000 l. John Palmer made Master of All-Souls in Oxford in Dr. Sheldon's place a Divine John Blackstone a Shop-keeper in New-Castle returned a Burgess and had 3000 l. given him out of one Gentlemans estate and out of others as much as made up 12000 l. a Colemeters place worth 200 l. per annum and the Bishop of Durham's Castle at Durham and Lands to great value Tho. Ceyley long a Prisoner for Debt made Recorder of Bridgwater To Mr. Scawen given 2000 l. Isaack Penington once Lord Major of London had 7000 l. given him and purchased good store of Bishops Lands Samuel Vassell 1000 l. given him Sir Will. Brereton had the Arch-Bishops Lands and House at Croydon Ed. Harvey a Silk man made a Collonel and had the Bishop of London's House and Mannor of Fulham Rich. Sulway a Grocer made a Collonel Joh. Ven a Collonel Governor of Windsor had 4000 l given him Phillip Skippon Serjeant Major General of the Army Major General of London and Governour of Bristol had 1000 l. per annum Lands of Inheritance given him Tho. Westrow had the Bishop of
hundred forty five 'T was ordered also every man to give A penny a week of every Family For one whole year together 't is no lye And this was sent poor Ireland to relieve If those that order'd did not us deceive Then after this they laid on us great Taxes To hew us down as if it were with Axes And sixty thousand pound a month a year They made us pay as it did well appear And some years ninety thousand every month was paid For a whole year together undenayed Besides a hundred twenty thousand pound Was paid a month by all a whole year round All which to many millions doth amount Far geater than the wit of man can count And whosoever did not pay his Seasement Was either plunder'd or prison'd without releasement And by such means some thousands are undâ—ne And knew not how or which way for to run And children likewise are made fatherless That knew not how their wants for to express With multitudes of widows that none knows The number of them or their wants disclose Besides the maimed that want hands or feet And wounded so 't would grieve one for to see 't And yet besides the thousands that are slain Which can't be numbred for it is in vain Then burning houses followed out-right With castles wasted and demolish'd quite And Towns and Cities are by wars undone The souldiers spoiling all that they had won And every place is so impoverished For want of trade to buy the people bread The Churches likewise they were much defaced And made like stables wherein horse were placed They took away the vessels every one And ornaments I think they left not one Thus did the Churches their privileges lose And sects and errours were brought in to choose And God's true worship it was laid aside And in blasphemies they did take a pride And toleration of such things that 's evil Was given them the like did not the Devil Thus have you heard the truth of things in brief And yet not half nor do I think the chief Of what they did in twelve years time they sat But if you 'll mind the next shall tell you what The first beheaded on the Tower Hill Was Earl of Strafford sore against his will Sir Alexander Carew was the second That lost his head for so it must be rekon'd And Captain Hotham after him succeeded His Father also next day after bleeded The Bishop then of Cantorbury next That was beheaded after he preach'd his text But now my heart doth fail the next to tell That lost his life since which we ne're were well O Gracious God was ever such things known A King so kill'd by subjects of his own May that accursed act of killing Kings Drink deep the dregs of the infernal stings Lord Capel next Duke Hamilton another The Earl of Holland also was the tother These three together at Westminster were headed For being true to 'th King this Parliament did it Next Collonel Andrews and then Sir Henry Hide Both on Tower-Hill were headed and there dyed And Captain Bushel in that very place Was headed there when he had run his race Next Mr. Love and Gibons in one day Were both beheaded of a truth I say Loe here 14 to 'th dozen in 12 years Beheaded were by these sad Parliamenteers Besides what others in far remoter places To us unknown who never saw their faces Next you shall know how many we have seen Hang'd in the City and shot to death have been First Challoner and Tomkins in one day Were hang'd in London this is truth I say Tomkins at Fetter-Lane tother at the Change Thus did their madness round about us range About some four months after was another Hang'd at the Change whose name I mean to smother And then another whose name I forgot At Westminster was hang'd for I know what He was a Spy they said came from the King And he must suffer therefore in a string The next in order though not he himself Was Sir Johns Greenevils picture foolish Else That hanged was at the Exchange for why Cause he left us and to the King did fly Then Poyer Pitcher Lockier went to th' pot These three at several times to death were shot All these near London and near thereabout Were hang'd and shot to death which they found out Besides all others throughout the Land If 't could be knowen we should amazed stand They haâ—ing sat twelve years then commeth Cromwell And turns them out which Act it doth please some well But he his part doth play as did the rest And fals to heading hanging like a Beast The first was Gerard that did feel the smart Of his keen Axe which went unto the heart Next Doctor Huit in that very place With Henry Slingsby Knight of comely grace Both in one day but who can tell for what 'T was never known nor never we shall that Then Mr Vowell was hangd at Charing Cross And Marston also hangd to his friends loss But after all comes Betterly on the stage Who in Cheapside was hangd in Cromwell's rage And afterward his bowels burnt in fire ' Cause they against him He said did conspire And then another hang'd was in Tower street And at the Change another we did seeâ—t These eight by Cromwel in the City dy'd But God doth know how many more beside Were hangd and headed within these three Nationâ— Of whom I cant make any true relations POSTSCRIPT FRom the 3 November 1640. to the 20 April 1653. when Oliver Cromwel turned out the long Parliament there hath been 29 Thanks giving days for several victories obtained by them against the King and at least 15 days of Humiliation besides the monthly Fasts which was once a month for very neer 8 years being cast up together is at least 90. which in all make 105. And from the time of their turning out to the 25 December last 1659 there hath been 10 Fasting days and 6 Thanksgiving days so that the total number of the Fasting days to the 25 Decemb. last is 15. and the Thanksgiving days are 35. In the late wars hath been killed above 100 Lords and Knights above 400 Officers besides the common Souldiers above 1000 Ministers put out of their places and died of grief FINIS He was to have been made Earl of Essâ—â—e and Knight of the Garter his Sâ—n of the Bed-chamber to the Prince Ireton â—ord Lievtenant of Ireland 1640. 14 May 1641. 23 Decemb. 1641. 1 Jan. 1644. 2 Jan. 1644. 10 Janv. 1644. 30 Jan. 1648. 9 March 1648. 22 Aug. 1650. 4. March 1650. 29 March 1651. 22 Aug. 1651. 5 Jul. 1643. 19 July 1650. 28 Nov. 1643. 1 Apâ—il 1644. 1 March 1643. 29 De. 1648. 21 Ap. 1649. 27 Apr. 1649. 10 July 1654. 8 June 1658. 10 July 1654. 10 Aug. 1654. 7 July 1658. 9 July 1650.
into their proper Channel This Letter was accompanied with others and a Declaration to the same purpose all which were Communicated to the Parliament But there in Requital it was vehemently urged by some That the Prince might be declared a Traitor and a â—ebel but others stood up and gave several Reasons too long here to rehearse to the Contrary and so it passed over at this time On the 7 th of August an ordinance passed for erecting a new Militia in every County and particularly for the County of Wilts Commissioners being named who had power to raise what men they pleased to Arm them and to fine defaulters ten pound a Man and twenty dayes Imprisonment and to levy four hundred pound a Week upon that one County besides the ordinary Taxes and free Quarter O brave Liberty and Freedom Whilst the Army were employed in reducing the Scots and Royal party Petitions were continually sent from several Counties to the Parliament all tending to â—he same effect the disbanding the Army easing the people of their Burthens and a personal Treaty with â—he King The City of London Petitions also for the â—ame and to have their imprisoned Citizens released â—hich were chiefly Aldermen Langham and Bunce and their Recorder â—lin The Lords had it seems not â—â—â—curred readily with the Commons in some of 〈◊〉 Votes upon which it was moved in the House to taâ—â— away the Lords negative Voyce So early Arbitrary began to shew it self in the highest degree nothing now seeming too great for the Commons For a câ—rtain lawyer undertook to make good That the House of Commons being the Representative of all the People had power to Act without the Lords for the safety of the People in case the Lords deserted their Trust Here was a ground lay'd for a future subverting the Foundation of all Parliaments and how well they improved this Doctrine we shall see hereafter The Lords and Commons had lay'd by the King and now the Commons were for laying aside the Lords and the next thing to be expected will be to see the Army and their Grandees to lay aside the Commons and to rule alone by themselves usurping both the Kings Soveraign and Governing power the Parliaments Legislative power and the Judges Indicative power and so Establish their Oligarchy or else it may be expected that one more powerful than the rest should usurp all the Power into his own hand and become a most absolute and Arbitrary Tyrant as it hapned to come to pass I cannot pass over another excellent mark of strange Arbitrariness against all Law and Right Moral as well as Civil in their sequestring the Estate of one Wall a Delinquent as they called him after his Death and taking it from his Wife and Children gave it to one of their Creatures who sued for the same tho it was argued against their unjust Proceedings That in the case of the highest Treasons and of Felony no man was Condemned after his Death because he was not then in being to Answer for himself and there could be no proceeding in Law against Non Ens Nay if a Fellon tho alive will stand mute he shall not forfeit his Lands because he wants Answer tho he loses his Life for Contempt of the Law Yet the Godly party prevailed and they bestowed the Sequestration of the said 〈◊〉 Lands tho dead on another with a Proviso that 〈◊〉 â—hould not be drawn into Example Cromwell gives the Parliament by a Letter to their Speaker an account of his Victories with Admonitions to them not to hate God's people who were as the Apple of his Eye and for whom Kings were to be reproved That they should fulfil the end of their Magistracy that all that would live quietly and Peaceably might have Countenance from them and that they who were implacable might be speedily destroyed out of the Land And to prepare the way for their Destruction they ordered That an Ordinance be Penned and brought into the House of Commons to try all such by Martial Law in the City of London as shall be found to Plot Design or Contrive any thing to endanger the Parliament or City Here again you may see all the Common Laws of the Land laid aside and Martial Law made use of in the Head City of the Land Which was then no Garrison and by order of these Parliamentarians and Assertors of the peoples Liberties Rights and Priviledges But however the Army being at a distance from the City subduing the Kings Friends and the Parliaments Foes the Independent Party in the House of Commons were not so prevalent but that the other Party took Courage and appearing began to come more of themselves encouraged by several Petitions out of the Countrey for a Treaty with the King upon which they became inclinable and begun to set themselves to that Pious work tho hindred all that could be by the Clamours Speeches and Behaviour of the Independants And thereupon the Earl of Middlesex Sir John Hippesly and Mr. Bulkley were sent to the King to let him know their Resolutions who returned related the Kings ready Compliance thereto as a thing he much desired upon which they Vote That the Votes of Non-Addresses should be repealed That the King might send for such Persons as were necessary for him in the Treaty That he should be in a state of Freedom That five Lords and ten Commoners be chosen Commissioners to Treat with the King at Newport in the Isle of Wight These Votes were sent to the King and Commissioners chosen for the Lords the Earls of Northumberland Salisbury Pembroke Middlesex and the Lord Say for the Commons were Lord Wainman Mr. Peirpoint Sr. Henry Vain the younger Sr. Harbottle Grimston Sr. Jo. Pots Mr. Brown Mr. Crew Mr. Bulkly Mr. Hellis and Mr. Glyn. Their Propositions were not much easier than their former to which the King gave very Satisfactory Answers conceding to many things for Peace sake against his Prerogative the greatest Difficulty being the business of Episcopacy which the King was unwilling should be wholly abolished And now it was very likely that the King and Parliament had agreed and a full peace had insued but in the mean time many Officers of the Army held their Cabals at Windsor where they were Contriving the Destruction of the King and the Dissolution of the Parliament which Cabals they also continued at London and other places under the name of Agitators in behalf of the Army These were framing a Government among themselves and drew up a Remonstrance shewing That they were the Body of the People of England That their Interest was the publick Interest of the People That the People were the only Competent Judges of their own safety That the supream Magistrates were the People Armed with supream Authority and with the Sword These persons concluded among themselves that some should be chosen out of the Army to represent the whole Body These not to exercise the Legislative power but only to draw
King perswaded returns to St. Johnstons where the Committee of Estates being somewhat more Compliant thank Cromwell for that many of the Kings friends were admitted to him This made many dissatisfied Ministers withdraw themselves into the West as Guthery Gelaspy Rutherford and others where they put forth a Remonstrance against the Proceedings of the Assembly in the Admission of Malignants to Power and Employment and with these Ker Stranghan Laird Warreston Sr. John Cheisley Sr. James Stewart and others joyn in Confederacy These Broils made well for Cromwell who found small Opposition He took Ken Prisoner and Edenborow Castle was surrendred to him on the 24 th of December 1650. This very much troubled the Scots for after that Cromwell succeeded so well that he took in all the Forts on this side of Sterling In January the Scots Crown the King at Scoon the accustomed place for the Coronation of the Kings of Scotland which is not far from St. Johnstons with great Pomp and Solemnity In the mean time the Junto in England still sat and Voted Liberty of Conscience to all which was a most distasteful thing to the Presbyterians Also they fell to levying of Souldiers giving the Command to Harrison now made Major General a fâ—fth-Monarchy man most of these men being raised by those sort of men and the other Sectaries with which this Army swarmed and the Presbyterian Interest daily declined every where being called a most horrid Tyranny and worse than the Prelacy They also about this time formally receive Embassadors from Portugal and Spain who for Interest acknowledge their Power All they did besides was the constant Persecution of the Royal Party after their Tyrannical manner Collonel Eusebius Andrews a constant Loyalist and firm to the interest of his King being by Profession a Councellor of Grays-Inn having been underhand Contriving some Insurrection in the behalf of the King was betray'd by some of his Confederates and taken at Gravesend and after sixteen Weeks being Prisoner in the Tower and several times examined he was brought to his Tryal before their bloody High Court of Justice Bradshaw sitting as President Where he admirably pleaded his Cause but the Attorney General Prideaux over-ruled all and told him the Court was not to take notice of his Law Cases but of his Confession and tho he had Acted no Treason yet he had an Affection for Treason and therefore deserved Death An excellent Mark of the Liberty of the Subject under Usurpers And upon this learned distinction the Bloody Court proceeded to Sentence against him that he should be Beheaded Thus the Will of Usurpers is become Law This Heroick Gentleman suffered accordingly on the 22 d. of August 1650 on Tower-Hill where he dyed with much Constancy Magnanimity and Christianity In October following one Benson involved in the same Design with Collonel Andrews was tryed and Condemned by the aforesaid Tyrannical Court and on the 7 th was Executed being Hanged for his Loyalty At the same time was an Insurrection in Northfolk which being suppressed many suffered for the same in several places In March following the Grandees at Wâ—stminster by the same Arbitrary Power after the Turkish Precedent put to Death the Loyal Sr. Henry Hide before the Exchange It was Crime enough that he was a Royalist and Brother to the afterwards Earl of Clarendon then with the King But his pretended Crime was That he had been an Agent from the King after the Death of his Royal Father to the grand Signior He was bred a Merchant and had a repute amongst the Turkish Company and was by them made their Consul at Morea and this Gentleman the King sent to the Port in order to some private concerns and not for the Confiscation of the Merchants Estates as the people were made to believe but he being there the Visiere was privately tampered with who betray'd him and sent him to England a Prisoner in the Ships thence bound for Smiâ—na in one of which he was brought to London and Committed to the Tower convented before the aforesaid Court by whose Power he was Condemned and Beheaded as aforesaid on the 4 th of March 1650. And now their Hands were in all went to Pot that came in their way the April following Captain Brown Bushell was the next Criminal they Murthered for his Loyalty he had long lain under restraint in the Tower and almost starved for want of Sustinance and at last being put into their Bloody Roll of such as were to be Tryed he was called to their Bar and Condemned But his Wife solicited very hard for a Reprieve which at last hey promised her with which joyful News she repaired to her Husband Comforting themselves together till four a Clock in the Afternoon but had no sooner left him with those flattering Hopes but the Warrant came for his present Execution they finding it seems that he was too well beloved by the Seamen and wree in Fear of him and so about six of the Clock at Night they put him to Death on the Ground under the Scaffold on Tower-Hill which he suffered with much Resolution In the mean time Cromwell was very watchful and Diligent and endeavoured all he could tho not with any success to engage the Scots Army which was drawn up at Sterling where the King was with them But the King having a Design to pass into England waved engaging with as much Care as the other flush'd with Victory and Success sought it who was come within sight of the Scotch Army In Lancashire several expected his coming and were ready to rise upon his approach tho disappointed by the Rumps Vigilancy Cromwell for want of Provisions was forced to remove and attempted to get over to Fife side It was about this time that several rude fits of an Ague shook him so shrewdly that there was an equal engagement of Hopes and Fears on the side of either party of his marching into another world Doctor Write and Dr. Bates two eminent Physicians being sent from London to administer Physick to him being brought very low But at last by the help of these Doctors who had the charge of him by the Junto's order he recovered to the sorrow of the Royal Party At last the English under Collonel Overton with about fifteen or sixteen thousand Foot and four Troopâ— of Horse with much difficulty forced their Landing Cromwell drawing up close to the Scots at the same time with all his Forces with an intention to fall upon their Rere if they should attempt to beat them out of Fife Yet the Scots sent four thousand Horse and Foot under Sir John Brown which Cromwell having notice of sent over Lambert and Okey with two Regiments of Horse and Foot and engaging with him defeated him took him with many others prisoners having slain about two thousand of the Scots This gave the English firm footing in Fife and they easily took in several places on that side the Frith And now the King was necessitated to
Worcester's Mannor at Hartlerow Sir Arthur Haslerig had the Bishop of Durham's House Park and Mannor of Aukeland and 6500 l. in money given him Lord Gray of Grooby had the Queens mannor House Park and Lands at Hâ—ldenby Sir Will. Constable restored to Lands sold to Sir Marmaduke Langly worth 25000 l. Sir Will. Purefoy had given him 1500 l. Wal. Long 5000 l. given him Michael Oldsworth keeper of Windsor Park and had a share out of Sir Will. Compton's Office worth 3000 l. a year divided betwixt him and his Lord. Tho. Scot a Brewers Clark had Lambeth House Mr. Ashurst 1000 l. given him besides every Member of the House which was when full 516 Persons by their own order allow'd themselves 4 l. per. week a man which amounts to 110000 l. per annum They gave to Collonel Hâ—mond Governour of the Isle of Wight for his Table 20 l. a week a 1000 l. in money and 500 l. a year Land Collonel Mitton 5000 l. in mony Cornelius Hâ—lland a poor Boy and waited on Sir Hen. Vain when Comptrouler of the Princes House Made Commissioner for the Revenue of the King Queen and Prince Farmer of the Kings feeding Grounds in Buckinghamshire worth 2000 l. per annum at 200 l. per annum Rent Possessor of Somerset-house Keeper of Richmond House Commissioner for the Garrisons of White-Hall and the Mews an Office in the Mint which enabled him to give 5000 l. with his Daughter this was one of the Kings Judges Sir Hen. Vain Senior had the Bishop of Durham's mannor and Park at Evenwood and had given him 5000 l. and was Chair-man of the Kings Queens and Princes Revenue Sir Hâ—n Vain Junior a subtil Cunning pated Man a fifth Monarchy-man he was made Treasurer of the Navy worth 6000 l. a year Sir Tho. Trenchard given him 1200 l. He marries his Daughter to a Malignant gives security for the Payment of the portion being 1200 l. gets his Son in Law sequestred discovers the Debt and haâ—h it given him for his Fidelity to the State A new way to pay Portions Will. Bingham Governour of Pool had 1000 l. given him To Collonel Joh. Sydenham 1000 l. Joh. Glyn Recorder of London was Clark of the Polls worth 1000 l. per annum and afterwards Lord Chief Justice Joh. Bell an Apothecary beng intrusted with money was sued and said he could not answer without breach of Parliament Sir Walter Earl Collonel of Horse and Lieutenant of the Ordnance worth in times of Peace 1000 l. per annum in War 5000 l. per annum Alderman Atkins Treasurer at War Gregory Clemens a Merchant and one of the Kings Judges John Rowles had given him one thousand five hundred pound out of Sir John Worsenham's Estate Edward Ash a Woollen-Dâ—â—per Treasurer for the providing of Cloaths for the Irish Souldiers Sir John Danvers by a Parliamentary proceeding overthrew his Brothers Will and got the Estate worth 30000 l. Hen. Herbert given him 3000 l. and the Plunder of Ragland Castle To Fenwick 500 l. Gilbert Millingâ—on 1000 l. and Chair-mâ—n to the Committee of plundred Ministers To the two Darbys 5000 l. Robert Cecil Son to the Earl of Salisbury Collonel of Horse Serjeant Wild a Judge a 1000 l. given him after the Hanging of Captain Burley out of the Privy Purse and it is said he had 1000 l. more after the aquital of Mr. Rolf who was accused for an intention of murthering the late King Of the City several Aldermen Common-Councel and others who had great Benefits by this Parliament some of whom were of it John Warner Lord Major was one of the Treasurers of War and Treasurer of the receit of all Monies due upon the Ordinance of 3 d. August 1643. Treasurer of the loan money Purchased the Arch-Bishop of York's best House Castle and Mannot of Caywoood Sir John Wooleston Alderman Treasurer of War Treasurer for Plate Treasurer for loan Money Say-Master of the Mint Trustee of the sail of Bishops Lands Purchased the Bishop of London's Land at High-Gate Alderman Gibbs got seven or eight thousand pounds by melting the Plate and Bodkins at Guild-Hall one of the Treasurers for 20000 l. to pay the Scots a Trustee for Bishops Lands and Treasurer for Rents and Monies raised by them Alderman Fowks a Commissioner for the Customs refused to account upon Oath because of a tender Conscience Treasurer for the payment of Wagoners a Trustee for Bishops Lands and Controuler of their Accounts had first 200 pound per annum and after by their Additional Ordinance 300 per annum more standing Fee Alderman Pennington was Lieutenant of the Tower being intrusted with 6000 pound discovers it to the Parliament beggs it and had it granted Alderman Pack Commissioner for the Customs Treasurer at War and bought the Bishop of Lincoln's House and Mannor at Bugden Alderman Andrews Treasurer at War and Commissioner for the Customs Alderman Avery Commissioner for the Customs Treasurer for Sequestrations and Trustee for the sale of Bishops Lands Alderman Culham Commissioner of the Excise worth 1200 pound per annum Alderman Foot the same Alderman Edmonds the same Owen Roe Lieutenant Collonel and keeper of the Magazeen for stores Alderman Dothwick Treasurer at War With many more too long to be named They allowed for their Military Officers a Collonel of Foot 30 s. day a Lieutenant Collonel 15 s. a Major 9 s. a Captain 15 s. A Collonel of Horse 30 s. a day for himself and for six Horses 21 s. a day a Lieutenant Collonel 15 s. a day for himself and for six Horses 21 s. a Captain of Horse 24 s. a day and for six Horses 21 s. a day A Collonel Lieutenant Collonel and Major received their Captains pay beâ—â—des So that it was no wonder so many of the Parliament men got Commands in the Army It was thought that there was near twenty Millions shared in Lands Revenues Incomes and money amongst them To Bradshaw their President of their High Court of Justice the Kings House and Parks at Eltham was given and to Bultrode Withlock Greenwich Barksted Lieutenant of the Tower a poor Goldsmith bought at two or three years purchase as much Bishops Lands as cost 10000 l. Mr. Boon who they say had been a Tapster a Member of the House had given him 6000 l. To Harry Martin 3000 l. To Blackstone's Wife and Children 3000 l. out of the Earl of Nâ—w-Castle and Lord Withâ—rington's Estates and 500 l. to his brother Upon the General out of the Lands of the Duke of Buckingham's Estate and his Brothers the Lord Francis Villers 4000 l. per annum Clarendon Park bestow'd on the Earl of Pembroke 4868 l. to the Lord Lisle To Bradshaw more 2000 l. Land per annum and 1000 l. in money Cook for Acting the part of Attorny General against the late King had bestowed on him St. Crosses Hospital The new Park in Surry bestowed on the Citty that they might not want Venison Collonel Martin's account brought into the House
of Clouts or in Show or a meer Duke of Venice Then their own Declaration printed and published shewed how well Arbitrariness thrived when they owned That their Votes were not to be questioned either by King or People That no Precedents could bound their proceedings That the Soveraign Power resides in the two Horses That the King hath no negative Voyce That a levying War against the personal Commands of the King tho he were present is not a levying War against the King but that a levying War against his Laws and Authority is levying War against the King which was levying War against them That Treason could not be committed against the person of the King otherwise then he was intrusted That they had power to judge of his Actions and whether he discharged his trust or not and that they were only judges of the Law Their Arbitrary putting to death of Yeomans and Boucher at Bristol and others at London for endeavouring to shew their Royalty to their King and Acting against them and their illegal Authority Voting and making a new Seal and breaking all the Kings old Seals Privy Signets of the King's bench Exchequer Court of Wards Admiralty c. Beheading of several persons by a Court martial against Law and Equity Putting Arch-Bishop Laud to Death after four years Imprisonment Their taking the Scotch solemn League and Covenant for the Extirpation of Episcopacy and the alteration of Religion â—sâ—â—blished by Law contrâ—ry to Law and according to their own illegal and Arbitrary proceedings With many more Acts of the same nature which plainly declared to all the World how far they had deviated from their first more plausible Pretexts But all this while I say by the Kings great Concession in yielding to pass that Act which wrought him so much Mischief they seemed to have a shadow of Power from the King and acted as an House tho contrary to the King the Laws of the Land the Liberty of the Subject and against Equity Conscience and Religion But now after the King had been delivered up to them from the Scots and that they had subdued all his Forces and Garrisons Ragland Castle in Wales being the last that held out for his Majesty then they shewed their power more manifestly and that their Intentions were to usurp the Regal Authority altogether having thus far tasted the sweetness of it and thrived in their Rebellion On the 4 th of June 1647. a Party of Horse under Cornet Joyce seized the King at Holdenby where he was under restraint by the Parliaments order and Carried him away to the Army and thence by them brought to Hampton Court about the middle of August where both the Parliament and Army make to him their several unjust Proposals after the insolent manner of Victors which the King could in no ways grant being contrary to his Conscience his Crown and Dignity At the same time the Independant Officers of the Army kept their chief Cabals at Putnâ—y where it was proposed among them That it was not safe for them nor the Kingdom to grant any Power to the King That it was not for them to set up a Power which God had determined to pull down That the power of Kings was grown a burthen to the Nation and that the reason of all their Distractions in their Counsels was from their Compliance to save that man of Bood and to uphold the Tyranny which God by their many Successes had declared against Where also Major General Harrison made a speech pressing them to the taking off the King Who having notice of these wicked Agitators Actions makes his escape from Hampton Court leaving a Letter behind him intending to get over to the Islâ— of Jersey but being in the Isle of Wight he put himself under the Protection of Collonel Hammond a Parliament man and Governour there who sending â—otice thereof to the Parliament they Vote That he should be continued in the Castle of Cowes That no Malignants shall stay in the Island That no Delinquent or Forreigner should be permitted to come to him without the Parliaments leave That five Thousand pounds should be advanced for his Accommodation and That tâ—eâ— would consider who should attend his Person In the mean time the Independent party of the Army cause a Mutiny which tho quelled by the Industry of Cromwel and his Son-in-Law Ireton yet it caused them to alter their Councels and to joyn with them against the Parliament and all accommodation whatsoever with the King The King sends a Letter to the Parliament from the Isle of Wight dated November 18. 1647. superscribed to the Speaker of the House of Lords to be communicated to the House of Commons In which he granted for Peace-sake the setling of Presâ—ytery for three years And the Militia in the hands of the Parliament during his Reign with a Proviso by Patent that then it should return again to his Successors And also that they should have the Choice of his Privy Councellors and desired earnestly to have with them a personal treaty in London After a long debate upon this Letter the Commissioners of Scotland also pâ—â—ssing them to comply with the Kings just desires on the 26 th of November they concluded That four Previous Acts should be drawn up and sent to the King to which if he would sign they Voted That they then would admit of a personal Treaty with him These unreasonable Proposals drawn into form of Acts were these First an Act for raising settling and maintaining Forces by Sea and Land c. In which they fully and wholly divested the King of the Militia his 〈◊〉 and Successors for ever and gave an unlimitted power to the two houses to raise what Forces they please for Land or Sea and of what persons they please and what Money they please to maintain them The second was that all Declarations Oaths Proclamations against the Parliament might be recalled or against all or any that adhered to them The third an Act that those Peers that were made after the great Seal was carried away from the Parliament might be made uncapable of sitting in the house of Peers And lastly That Power may be given to the two Houses to adjourn themselves as they think fit By these you may easily perceive to what height they were come of all unreasonableness These were presented to the King at Carisbrook Castle in the Isle of Wight on the 24 th of December 1647 by the Earl of Denby the Lord Mountague Lisle Goodwin Bunkley and Kemp Commissioners from both Houses of Parliament The King it may well be thought having no desire to dethrone himself and enslave his Subjects refused the Bills and desired to Treat personally sending them his reasons in Writing Whereupon Sr. Tho. wroth moves the House That the King who had Acted like a Mad man should be secured in some inland Castle with sure Guards That Articles of Impeachment should be drawn up against him That he should be wholly lay'd by
James's in woman apparel and landed safe at Dort in Holland and about the same time several Petitions came to the Parliament and especially one from the County of Essex which supplicate That the Army might be paid off and Disbanded and the King admitted to a personal Treaty Surry and the City of London followed with the like and the Affections of the People began to appear and were ready to fly to Arms. The Kentish men being up ten Thousand strong were routed by General Fairfax the Earl of Norwich who headed them with five hundred men crossed over the Thames into Essex and Sr. Charles Lucas joyning him with 200 thousand men they possessed themselves of Cholchester which became the seat of War and endured a famous Siege Also at the same time a part of the Navy revolted to the Prince who having attempted to help his Father in vain was forced to retire into Holland with his Fleet. Then the Earl of Holland the Earl of Peterborough and others Head a fresh Insurrection at Kingston upon Thames where they were routed the Earl of Holland taken and the Lord Francis Villers the Duke of Buckingham's Brother slain Affairs standing in this Posture the Scots are much displeased tho they had many fair Offers made them by the Parliament Concerning the Payment of money yet due to them and on the 24 th day of July they passed an Ordinance to establish the Presbyterian Government in England and Ireland under Classical Provincial and Parochial Assemblies to please them yet all would not do for they Voted in Scotland a War with England and published a Declaration wherein they propose That the King may come to London or to some of his Houses near with safety That those who had Carried him away might make Satisfaction or be punished for it That the Army under the Lord Fairfax might be disbanded That Presbytery be setled and Sectaries punished That all members of the House might be restored Upon this Berwick was surprised Forces came out of Ireland and many rise in the North for the King Carlisle is seized and their Forces increased under Sr. Marmaduke Langdale Sr. Thomas Glenham Sr. Philip Musgrave and others to the number of three Thousand Horse and foot Sr. Marmaduke Langdale is made their General And on the 13 th of July the Scots enter with an Army into England under Duke Hamilton with whom Langdale joyns and beats Lambert at Appleby Several places declared for the King and all things seemed in an hopeful way when Cromwell having quieted wales marches with his Army to Preston in Lancathire to give a stop to Hamilton who was about twenty Thousand strong with the English Lambert joyns with Cromwell and make up a Body of about twelve Thousand on the 17 th of August both Armies Face one another and the battel being begun on the English side after two hours dispute the Scots gave ground and were most fiercely pursued by the English and Totally routed multitudes of them being taken but Hamilton escaped to Nantwich with three Thousand horse where the Countrey being up in Armes seized upon most of them and at last Hamilton himself was taken at uloxeter by the Lord Gray of Grooby the Scots Ensigm Cornets and Colours then taken were afterwards hung up in Westminster Hall Sr. Marmaduke Langdale was also taken and Cromwell improving his Victory marches towards Monroe who was coming with a reserve of six Thousand Scots but upon Hamilton's overthrow had order to return into Scotland which they did but the Anti-Hamiltonian party in Scotland under Argile which were the stricter sort of Presbyters invited Cromwell into Scotland which the laying hold on to smooth his way he put forth a Declaration severely prohibiting any Souldier under pain of Death to take either Money Horses Goods Victuals or any other thing or any ways to abuse the People He put such a terror among the Scots that they all presently submitted and agreed to disband their Armies and to render up to him Berwick and Carlile which were in their Hands That a Parliament should be called in Scotland for the setling Religion and composing their differences and also that none that had been in the last Ingagements against England should be chosen of this new Parliament or into their general Assembly Thus having setled Scotland to his mind he returns into England Upon his Victory against Hamilton Colchester being driven to the utmost extremity was surrendred and the two valiant Gentlemen contrary to Faith given Sr. Charles Lucas and Sr. George Lisle shot to Death and the Earl of Norwich Lord Capel and others sent Prisoners to London While these things were in doing there had been some Attempts made towards the private murthering of the King which was made known to the Parliament who took some Examinations thereupon but nothing to any purpose done in it he being now look'd upon as a Tyrant and suffered openly to be so called daily with many other most opprobrious Speeches both against his person and Government which the Parliament took no notice of but had made an Order in April before That any three of their Committe-men at Darby House should have Power to Imprison and sequester all such as shall actually adhere to any that shall raise or endeavour to raise my Tumults or Insurrections or shall so much as speak or publish any thing reproachful of the Parliament or their proceedings so that you see they had tyed up mens Tongues from speaking against themselves without the least restraint of reviling their King and for every light Word a free born Subject of England was made an offender and lyable to be ruined at the Pleasure of three Arbitrary men of their Committee absolutely against that known Maxim of our Law Nemo imprisonetur aut disseisâ—tur nisi per legale judicium parium suorum No man shall be imprisoned or disseised of his Property but by the lawful judgment of his Peers that is by a jury of twelve men But what signified Magna Charta Petition of Right the Ancient Laws of the Land to these Men who had trampled the Imperial Crown under their feet and usurp'd more than ever rightful Monarch or the most Arbitrary of our Kings ever Claim'd And had raised upon the People for the maintainance of this unnatural War and towards the enslaving of themselves about three Millions of pounds sterling Per annum which was six times more than ever the most rapacious of our Kings had raised on the People besides the vast Incomes of the Kings revenue Sequestrations and Compositions About the third of August the Prince now our Soveraign sent Letters to the City Expressing his good affection to Peace and to the whole City and his Endeavours to vindicate his fathers Liberty and just Prerogative and Rights and to restore to the People their Laws Liberties and Property to free them from Bondage and to ease them of the Burthen of Excise and Taxes to settle Religion and to reduce all things
having made way for the most horrid and Bloody design that ever was heard of the Motion is made in this usurping House to proceed to the Trâ—al of the King as a Capital Offender When the grand Impostor Cromwell stood up and said That if any man moved this upon Design he should think him the greatest Traytor in the World but since Providence and Necessity had cast them upon it he should pray to God to bless their Councells And so on the 28 th of December 1648. Thomas Scot brought in the Ordinance for the Tryal of the King being read and Committed three several times and all the Commissioners names inserted Consisting of divers Gentlemen and Soldiers This Ordinance being pass'd the Junto they send it up to the Lords House by the Lord Grey of Grooby together with their Vote formerly made Viz. Resolved c. That the Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament do declare and adjudge That by the Fundamental Laws of the Realm it is Treason in the King of England for the time to come to levy War against the Parliament and Kingdom of England The house of Lords debate the matter and first the Declaratory Vote against which the Earls of Manchester and Northumberland with others spake and declared There was none nor could be any such Fundamental Law in England whereby the King could be a Traytor by leaving War against his People and that thus to declare Treason by an Ordinance when no law was extant to judge it by was most unreasonable Upon which the Lords cast out this Ordinance and Vote and adjourned themselves for seven days This proceeding of the Lords gave them no small trouble and stirr'd up the wrath of some of the Zealots who threatned to hang a Pad-lock on the Lords door and sending up to search their journal Book they found the Lords had made these two Votes That they do not Concur to the said declaratory Vote And Secondly That they rejected the Ordinance for the Tryal of the King Upon which these men resolving to be rid of the Lords as well as of King they Vote That they should Act without them as well they might according to their own Law That all Authority was sounded in the People and that they being the Representatives of the People all Authority lay in them Some of them were for Impeaching the Lords for favouring the grand Delinquent of the Land as they called the King And now to make all sure on their sides that they may Act legally On the 4 th of January they Vote That the People are under God the Original of all just Power That the Commons of England in Parliament assembled being chosen by and representing the People have the Supreme Power of this Nation That whatsoever is declared or Enacted for Law by the House of Commons assembled in Parliament hath the force of Law This makes clear Work and by this our Arbitrary Usurpers may do what they will and cut off their Kings Head according to their own Position legally what need of Kings Lords Laws Rights Liberties Properties or fundamental Government when the Arbitrary Consciences of such men may serve instead of all and conclude thereby all the People of England tho they declare against it and tho opposed by the King or House of Peers And thus notwithstanding the rejection of the Lords these Commons pass their Ordinance and declaratory Vote by the name of An Act of Parliament of the House of Commons which was never before heard of for the Tryal of Charles Stewart King of England This being objected to Hugh Peters that there was no President or Example for the Tryal of a King by a judicial Court he Prophanely applyed That there was never any President before the Virgin Mary of a Womans conceiving and bringing forth a Child without accompanying with a Man therefore they might walk without President for this was an Age to make Examples and Presidents There was yet one thing that passed these men which they had not foreseen which was That it was a very improper thing to make use of the Kings Seal wherein he is styled King of England c. by the Grace of God to seal a Commission against him for his Tryal They were now in hast and could not stay for a new one which they had not as yet thought on therefore it was concluded the Commissioners should proceed upon the Ordinance without any Commission under Seal and that every Commissioner should set his own Hand and Seal to the Instruments of their Proceedings All things being now in a readiness for the Tryal The King is taken from Hurst Castle and brought to Winchester thence to Farnham thence to Winsor and thence to St. James on the 19 th day of January And they had caused for the greater Solemnity of the Business their Serjeant Dandy who was appointed Serjeant at Arms to the Commissioners for the Tryal of his Majesty to proclaim it openly in Westminster-Hall with his Mace on Horse back with six Trumpets and several Officers attending all bare That the Commissioners were to sit to morrow and that all those who had any thing to say against Charles Stewart King of England might be heard This was done in like manner in Cheap-side and at the Royal Exchange The same day the House Voted their great Seal to be broken and ordered a new one to be made Upon this Mr. Prin sends to the Junto a Memento of their unpresidented Proceedings Complaining of the force and Violence put upon their fellow Members warning them from Acting Consulting or ordaining any Act or Ordinance without Concurrence of their fellow-Members being Arbitrary and against Law and that the secluded Members not only declared against such Proceedings but more especially against this horrid Act of theirs for the Tryal of the King shewing them That by the common Law and by the Statute of 25. Ed. 3. and all other Acts concerning Treason it is high Treason for any man to Compass or Contrive the Death of the King or his eldest Son tho never Executed That they were also bound to the Contrary by their Oath of Allâ—giance from which no Power could absolve them That they had in above an hundred Declarations and Ordinances in the name of the Parliament professed That they never intended the least hurt injury or Violence to the Kings person his Crown Dignity or Posterity with several other things very pressing and full as may be seen at large in the printed Paper but all was in vain for they were resolved on the Business tho they could give no kind of colourable Reason for their Actings This Memento was seconded with a Declaration and Protestation signed the 19 th of January by the said Prin and Clement Walker another of the secluded Members which ran very much after the same Tenure and absolutely Protesting against the Junto's Actings and Proceedings declared against the illegal Act of Erecting an high Court of Justice and usurping a Power against
follow his design in marching for England and whilst Cromwell went about to set upon S. Johnston's that he might make himself Master of the Pass at Sterlin which he took after a days siege the King marches for England from Sterlin by the way of Carlile with about sixteen thousand complete This News gave Cromwell an allarm and immediately he dispatches a Messenger with Letters to his Masters in England to inform them of it and to comfort them believing they would entertain no pleasant thoughts thereat giving them an account of his successes and that they should have confidence in God and should improve the best they could what Forces they had in readiness and should raise more and not be afraid for the Enemy was heart-smitten and were in a desperate condition with such like stuff In the mean time he orders Major General Harrison and Collonel Rich who were on the Borders to attend the motion of the King's Army until he were able to come up to them with his Forces The Parliament notwithstanding his canting Leâ—ters began to be jealous of him and spoke big words against him which came to his ears and which he remembred afterwards to their cost In the mean time Lambert with about three thousand Horse and Dragoons is speeded after the King and presently after Cromwell himself follows the same day the King enters England which was on the sixth of August having departed from Sterlin the last of July On his entring into England he was proclaimed as he went and pardon offered to all sorts of persons excepting Cromwell Bradshaw Cook and some others the most immediate Murtherers of his Father At the same time a Party in North-Wales began to rise to joyn with the Earl of Darby but were broken and disappointed The King with his wearied Men on the two and twentieth of August comes to Worcester being beset before and behind by the new raised Forces Cromwell Lambert and Harrison The Militia of London and of several Counties flock to Worcester so that by that time Cromwell was come up to them they had formed an Army of forty thousand men or more The Earl of Darby brought to the King two hundred and fifty foot and sixty Horse and having raised about twelve hundred more in Lancashire and those parts he was engaged by Lilburn and routed and several persons of Quality taken By this time Cromwell had close begirt Worcester and the King's Party beheld themselves in a very bad condition hemm'd in on all sides with numerous Foes and now too late saw their error of not marching directly to London which was dreaded by the Junto and which was earnestly desired and expected by the Londoners who wanted only a fuller security of shewing their inclinations for the King being over-awed and hindered through fear from declaring But God did not see it good that the King should be brought to the Throne by any other hand than that of Peace and by his own Subjects of England intending to shew him a more immediate care of his miraculous providence in his preservation and that he might not be subject to the Presbyterians for their assistance nor beholden to them for his Crown he was resolved to bring him in after a more glorious manner Nothwithstanding the great disadvantages the Scots were in they were resolved with much courage to sell their lives as dear as they could and that the English should not find it an easie purchase The first considerable Engagement was at Upton Bridge on Fleetwood's side who was Lieutenant General of the Army where Lambert with five hundred Horse and Dragoons beat Collonel Massy who endeavoured to maintain it But the fatal day was on the third of September auspicious to Cromwell the last year in his fight at Dunbar It is not my design to draw you the Scheme of the Battel intending only in these Papers to shew more particularly things of another nature this Action has been sufficiently made known therefore I shall only very briefly mention it The Scots to give them their due and the little handful of English that were with them fought bravely and shewed great courage and resolution disputing every Field with their numerous Enemies and coming to the But-end of their Muskets and Push of Pike with them covering the Field where they stood with their Bodies The King in person charged in one of the Sallies from the Town shewing extraordinary Valour Conduct and Courage in which Charge Duke Hamilton Brother to the Duke that was beheaded was shot and died suddenly after of his Wound But towards the Evening the English charging most furiously with Cromwell in the head of them enter'd with the retreating Scots into the Town and possessed themselves of the Fort Royal Then it was the King with the Duke of Buckingham the Earl of Derby and some others and about sixty Horse fled being narrowly miss'd by Cobbet but the Foot falling to plunder the Town which they did with great barbarity kept out the Horse for fear they should share with them which favoured his Majesties Escape who got that night to White-Ladies where he was disguised and all the rest departing several ways he was committed to the fidelity of the Pendrills being in the disguise of a Wood-Cutter with a Bill in his hand and for some time lay hid in the Celebrated Oak in Boscobâ—l Wood thence conveyed to Mr. Whitegrave's at Mosely whence as a Servant to Mrs. Jane Lane he went to Bristol but missing a passage there after many signal Marks of God's Providence in his miraculous Escape at least fifty several persons having been made privy to it he at last with the Lord Wilmâ—t embarked at Brightemsted in Suffex and was carried over by one Tetersell Master of the Vessel who afterwards was a Captain of one of his Majesties Frigats and got safe to Diep in France to the great joy of all his Friends The Scots lost in this Battel about two thousand slain upon the place and in the pursuit and about eight thousand Prisoners very few of the Scots got back to Scotland being known by their Tongue and pick'd up in their return by the Country most of the Nobility and chiefest Commanders were taken and carried Prisoners to London with all their Ensigns many of the chiefest Prisoners of the Nobility were kept in Windsor-Castle till the King's Restoration the Colours were hanged up in Westminster-Hall and several of the common Soldiers sold to Merchants and sent away as Slaves to the Barbadoes and other Plantations Comwell himself in great triumph passes to London being met at Acton by the Speaker and Members of the Junto the Lord Mayor of London and Steel their Recorder who in a flattering Speech applauded his great Atchievments applying to him the words of the Psalmist To bind their kings in chains and their nobles in fetters of iron And now the way to the ambitioned Throne seem'd open few Obstacles remaining except the Junto themselves which he had made so
blast so dishonest an attempt I shall not determine but Englishmen never received such a foil and by so few enemies since they wore the name for having lost near a thousand Men by an handful of Spaniards Negro's and Molatto's they were fain to retreat and losing all hopes of getting the Spanish Gold most shamefully return to their Ships and that they might be said to doe something they set upon Jamaica and take it and which we have kept ever since Venables after his return was frowned upon by Oliver and for a while sent to the Tower but afterwards was released The Hopes of this Gold had made Oliver King it very much being served with much State and Ceremony He had his Halberdeers in garded grey Coats over whom Strickland was Captain His Lord Chamberlain who was Sir Gilbert Pickering Two Masters of Requests Mr. Bacon and Mr. Sadler and the Master of his Horse his Son Cleypool and all other Officers of Honour both to his own Person and his Wives who very finically acted the Princess White-Hall and Hampton-Court he had saved from sale for his own convenience The baffle at St. Domingo and the loss of his hopes of his Gold made him now project some other ways to fill his Cofers to maintain his Greatness his merry devil left him and he began daily to grow more austere and tyrannical being full of fears and jealousies as he had reason for he had not only the Royal party against him whom he kept under with much cruelty but the Commonwealths-men of his own party and the Fifth-Monarchy-men countenanced by Harison were highly displeased with him and began to Conspire against him He therefore lays Harison and Rich aside and not long after he Committed them with Carew and Courtney into several remote Castles Overton was seized in Scotland with Bramstone Holmes and other Officers who were cashiered fined and good security taken for their good behaviour Overton was sent to the Tower and his Regiment given to Col. Morgan Okey's Regiment also was taken from him and given to another Joyce had the confidence to upbraid his Highness to his face but escaped unpunished Cromwell saying he was a Mad-man About this time he began to interest himself for the Protestants abroad and to be their Protector The Protestant Subjects of the Duke of Savoy in the Vallies of Piedmont having been cruelly treated by that Prince for their Religion Cromwell sends to make application in their behalf but his Messengers being slighted he caused Contributions for their relief to be made throughout England and Viner and Pack were made Treasurers for the Money by which means a considerable summ was Collected but what share they had of it is not known The Spanish War now Commenced apace Cromwell resolving not to hearken to Peace nor to the restitution of three Ships he had taken of the King of Spain's before he had declared War pretending them Hambourgers and Confiscating them being laden with pieces of Eight to the sum of Four hundred thousand pounds Sterling which was minted in the Tower though the Spanish Ambassador Alâ—nso de Cardenas protested against it and did all he could to hinder the injustice which was returned on our Merchants by that Kings seizing on their effects in Spain and by the loss of 1500 English Ships great and small taken from us in this War as appeared afterwards according to the report made in Richard's Parliament This sum of money being spent he had with his Privadoes thought of another way of recruit which like their Usurpation was the most Barbarous and Arbitrary as ever was heard of See now what was become of the Liberties of English men when he following the Example of the Grand Seignior set over the Land a company of Bashaws with the same power under a new title of Major-Generals He had Canton'd England and Wales into 11 Provinces joyning the Counties together for the convenience of this Turkish sway over every one of which he appointed a Governour or Bashaw called by him a Major-General The Names of these Tyrannick Princes were Kelsy Goff Desborow Fleetwood Skippon Whaly Butler Berry Worsley Lambert and Barkstead who was also Lieutenant of the Tower These in their respective Principalities lived like petty Princes or Bashawes domineering and lording it over both Nobility and Gentry and according to the Command and Order of their Grand Seignior Oliver Cromwell which was then esteemed Law all the poor Cavaliers that is all such who had served in the Wars for King Charles the first and also all those that had declared themselves for his Son King Charles the second our now Sovereign were by these Bashaws to be decimated that is the tenth part of their Estates were to be taken from them besides banish'd from London and within 20 miles of the same disarm'd and prohibited to be Elected into any Parliament And as for the Clergy they were turned out of their Livings and kept from all other way of livelihood unless they would work with their hands so that many were ready to starve for they were prohibited any Cure or to be Chaplains to any or to keep School The power of these Decimators was great and boundless Oppressing Robbing Spoyling and Decimating whom they pleased according to their own Arbitrary Will for none durst say Why do you thus They kept a Roll of all persons within their Precincts and if they suspected any to favour the King he was called to account by these Military-Lords and Caution taken by them to keep them from acting against the State binding them to reveal all Plots that should come to their knowledge and made them engage the like for their servants They also hindred them from their disports and prohibited all Horse-races Cock-fighting Bull-baiting or any thing that should cause a Concourse of People and those who refused were presently imprisoned and decimated so that the free people of England were become as absolute Slaves as those living under the Turkish Government where none can call any thing his own By this means the Usurper easily informed himself of the value of all the Estates in England and of the behaviour and affection of every Person of Quality throughout the Kingdom Such vast Powers were given to these Major-Generals that there was nothing they might not doe and indeed did not doe they using it to the full And for this purpose these Major-Generals had an office in Fleetstreet in London as other Courts had where their Recognances were enter'd and all other concerns and dependances belonging to them recorded or register'd Of some they took yearly the 10 th penny of others they took a sum of money for Composition usually at three years purchase which many were willing to pay who had money rather than to be continually troubled with them And now the year 1656 Commencing which by the Instrument was a Parliamentary-year in July Oliver issues out his Writs for his second Parliament to sit on the 17 th of September
Usurpation and to look somewhat shy on those of the Royal-Party he had before caressed and done kindness for shewing more state and greatness than formerly and growing more reserved to his familiars But moneys growing scarce his Council advises him forthwith to call a Parliament and accordingly Summons are issued out for this Convention to meet at Westminster on the 27 th of January Elections being made after the usual manner tho some would have opposed it and by sending Writs to the several Boroughs they thought they should get a Parliament to their minds but were deceived Ireland and Scotland also sent each 30 according to the Model of Government and for the upper House the chiefest Officers of the Army were pitch'd upon but many of them were of such base extraction that the Commons could hardly be brought to own them Richard began to have some jealousie of the Army and finding many of his Council too great favourers of them and of their power he began to cast about to have brought in others of his friends to ballance them but he found such opposition that he could not bring it about On the other side the Army and Sectarian Officers began to be afraid of the ensuing Parliament and therefore some of them advised him to follow his Father's steps who was accustomed at such a time to cause the chiefest Officers of the Army to come up to London and to be assistant to him on such occasions This startled Richard being as much afraid of the Army as they were of this approaching Convention yet wanting his Father's courage and resolution he sent for many of the Army to Town from their Commands where they had the opportunity of Caballing and laying designs for his destruction Besides Lambert by the favour of Fleetwood was got again into Command and had a Regiment given him and was as much in the favour of the Sectaries as ever Richard was as yet General when Desborow and others would have perswaded him that the Army being discontented and ready to mutiny the best way for him would be to settle it on some known Officer amongst them and nominated Fleetwood but Richard it seems was not so very a fool as to divest himself of that Command but told them that by his Father's example he would keep that for a security both to them and to himself without which he could not protect them and that the Parliament which was suddenly to meet would give them satisfaction as to their Grievances to whom he should remit them And now at the time prefixed the Parliament meet consisting of two Houses the other House beginning now to be called the upper House for the Commons was chosen Mr. Chute a Lawyer as their Speaker who sickning Long Recorder of London was chosen pro tempore in his stead and for the upper House Nathaniel Fiennes Lord Keeper of the Great Seal was their Speaker The first fortnight was taken up about the Recognition with which they were awhile intangled but at last they Vote and it was Resolved on Monday 14 th of February That it be part of this Bill to Recognize and declare his Highness Richard Lord Protector and chief Magistrate of the Commonwealth of England Scotland and Ireland and the Dominions and Territories thereunto belonging Resolved That before this Bill be Committed the House do declare such additional Clauses to be part of this Bill as may bound the power of the chief Magistrate and fully secure the Rights and Privileges of Parliament and the Liberties and Rights of the People and that neither this or any other previous Vote that is or shall be passed in order to this Bill shall be of force and binding to the people till the whole Bill be passed This done a Committee of Inspections is setled to take a view of the Accounts and the Revenue of the Common-wealth of which Mr. Scowen was Chair-man The Commonwealths-men who were considerable in this Convention cunningly put in many Debates to gain time which they did though the Protectorian party were the major and so could effect little yet they had hopes of the infection of the Army which they knew by means of their Emissaries spread much for at Wallingford-house Fleetwood Desborow and Lambert with several others held their Consults for the dispossessing of Richard and Fleetwood was courted to take the Protectorship upon him Richard had notice given him of their proceedings and some of his friends advised him to cut them off and profer'd to do it if he would be Resolute and stick to them but Richard was timerous and fearfull and had not courage enough to give them such a Commission and so lost his opportunity of setling himself In the mean time the King had sent a Commission to Arthur Anslow now Earl of Anglesie to John Mordant Brother to the Earl of Peterborow Sir John Greenvill Sir Tho. Peyton and William Leg giving them power as his Commissioners to treat with any of his Subjects of England excepting the Regicides and to offer them his pardon if they would now joyn together for his Restauration and also to assure them of Rewards and Recompence for any service done for the future towards the bringing in of his said Majesty and that whatever those his Commissioners should promise in his name he would ratifie and confirm This was dated at Brussells 11 March 1659. By this means and by the wary management of these Gentlemen the King's designs began to thrive better than formerly being still betray'd by Thurlo's Agents So that now there were several Interests at work and bringing several designs to the Anvil The King 's for his just Rights and Restauration Richard's for the setling himself in his unjust Usurpation The Commonwealths-men to regain their lost Dominion and Tyranny and the Army to keep their Rule and the people in slavery and to set up a Governour of their own and that might be only ruled by their Power These have all their several close Cabals and all strenuously busie one against another Upon a report made by Secretary Thurlo concerning the State of the War betwixt Sweden and Denmark the Parliament send General Mountague with a considerable Fleet into the Sound but so straiten'd in Commission that he did little good The Military-Council of Officers were very high and favoured much by the upper House which much distasted the Commons and made them Vote That during the sitting of the Parliament there should be no general Meeting or Council of Officers of the Army without direction leave and authority of the Protector and both Houses of Parliament Richard upon this by advice sends for the Council of Officers and dismisses them And the Commons proceed to a farther Vote Resolved That no person should have or continue Command in any of the Armies in England Scotland or Ireland c. that should refuse to subscribe That he will not disturb or interrupt the free meeting in Parliament of any of the Members of either House
the Justice of these men But this Prohibition of theirs did but the more enrage the people and the Londoners especially the Apprentices were in an uproar and readye to mutine whereupon Hewosn the one ey'd cobler hath order with his Regiment of foot and some horse to march into the City where he â—â—lld a Cobler and one or two more and wounded several so that the Citizens shut up their shops yet rather madded than daunted thereat there were continuall bickerings between them and the souldiers neither could Desborows canting speech at Guild-Hall work upon them but that sometimes multitudes would flock together and affront the souldiers and tho' they were often dispersed yet they would gather head again And now the Common-Council in which at that time were many stout and honest men began to give ear to the Apprentices petitioning for a free Parliament being thereunto encouraged by an offer of 3000 valiant Seamen to aid them from Vice Admiral Lawson who in this juncture was come up the Thames and had surprized all the Forts and Blockhouses in the way Vaine and Salmon were sent to confer with him but nothing would prevail with him unless the Wallingfordians would readmit the Rumpers to sit again And besides all this Hazelrig Morley and Walton at Portsmouth had so wrought upon those Regiments which were sent against them that they all came over to their side The Safety men and Officers at White-Hall perceiving themselvs to be generally hated and slighted and wanting mony to pay their souldiers and uphold their interest being withall beset on every hand with enemies both City and Country being ready to rise upon them found a necessity of submiting to the Rumpers for fear lest while the two Currs strove for the bone of Goverment the Royal Lyon should come in and destroy them both they finding the pulse of the whole nation tyred with the various fits of arbitrary sway beating towards the return of the King and to their old and equal way of Government and the late reconciliation between France and Spain in which his Majesty was very instrumental seeming to presage some danger to them the Cheif of them then go to the Speaker Lenthal and cry peccavimus where tender-hearted Fleetwood meekly weeping gave a full testimony of his sorrow for his reiterated defection saying That the Lord had blasted their Councells and spit in their Faces 't is his own rhetoric and therefore desires him and the rest of the members to return to the exercise of their Trust for the Government of the Nation And the same day the souldiery being drawn up in Lincolns-Inn-feilds owned the Junto again for the supream authority now they saw thy could keep it no longer themselves The Speaker went presently to the Tower of London the care of which Government whereof he committed to Sir Antony Ashly-Cooper Mr. Weaver and Mr. Berners and two dayes after being the 26th of December this never dying Rump resumed their old places and thus ended the Government of the Armie which lasted only from the 13th of October to the 26th of December following And now almost tyred with relateing tho breifly the several sorts of Arbitrary and tyranical usurpations we are come to the last Act of our Tragedy or Trage-comedy since it ends happily and after the tryall of so many ways of Government almost to the ruin of the Nation they return to the good old way of Monarchy as the onely just equal and legal way of Government for these Nations and for the ease and free-dom of the people But let us pursue our story and see the last struggle gasp for life of this Monster or Dragon of a Common Wealth ruleing by their Arbitrary wills back'd by the power of the sword of a standing Armie who like the Turks Janizarie Keept both the people and their Masters in awe tho hey knew the one was not able to stand the other Soon after this revived Junto to their great joy had met Hazelrig Morley and Walton came to their Companions being attended from Portsmouth by those forces that were led by Desborow to reduce them who being then deserted by them hasted back to London and from thence to St. Albans whence he wrote an humble letter to his restored Masters craveing pardon and telling them that he had procured his own Regiment which was at that time quarter'd there to return to their Obedience From S. Albans Desborow went into Yorksheir to Lambert who was now in a declineing condition General Monk finding things goe to his mind in England now broke of the treaty he had yet continued at York and had planted his armie very advantageously along the River Tweed on the Scotch side in such a prudent manner that in a few hours he could have all his Forces together and lay so well posted that the enemie could not make their way to him without extraordinary disadvantage and if Lambert should have attempted to have got to him by the way of Carlile he would by that means have gained several days march before him towards London being also well assured the Country would come in a pace to him Lambert was about 13000 strong and far superior to General Monk in numbers especially in Horse which made that famous and experienced commander decline engageing The Rumpers as soon as got together order Popham Thomson Scot Okey Ashly-Cooper Alured and Markham or any 3 of them to be Commissioners to Order Direct and Conduct the forces of the armie these write to Lambert to disperse his forces but they were doeing that themselvs before and the Irish Brigade that came over to his assistance under Redman and Bret submitted to the Junto a pardon being sent to Lambert and for all others that should submit to them by the 9 th of the same month by the example of the Irish Regiments divers other Regiments also forsook Lambert who headed by the Lords Fairfax and Faulconbridg lately came to them seized York for the Junto Lambert upon this marches from the borders Southward his souldiers forsakeing him so fast that by such time as he came to North-Allerton he had not above 50 Horse remaining where upon both he and they concluded to lay hold on the offer of pardon and so dispersed which being done those at York likwise departed to their respective Quarters Windsor castle also was surrendred to them by the means of Col. Ingoldsâ—y all things thus prospering they fall upon the Oath of Abjuration or Renunciation of the whole line of King James which they had been hammering at before but now nominateing a Concil of State they order that none of them should Act till they had taken this oath which was now formed more strict than ever and it was also proposed that all the members of the House should take it but this was strongly opposed by many for that secretly divers of them had sought their pardons of the King and seeing that he would inevitably come in the wisest
least obnoxions of them endeavoured to save themselvs and to be instrumental in his Majesties Restauration among whom were Sir Anthony Ashly Cooper St John Ingoldsly Morley and others But the Oath was this I doe hereby swear That I doe renounce the pretended title of Charles Stewart and the whole line of King James and of every other person as a single person pretending or which shall pretend to the Crown or Government of these nations of England Scotland and Ireland or any of them and the dominious and territories belonging to them or any of them And that I will by the grace and assistance of almighty God be true faithfull and constant to the Parliament and Common Wealth and will oppose the bringing in or setting up any single person or House of Lords and every of them in this Common Wealth A third part at least of their Council of State refused this Oath saying it was a snare and a confining of Providence and so were not permitted to sit The secluded Members would not yet give over their Right of sitting and tho they knew and had declared that the Parliament was legally dissolved by the Death of the late King yet they upon the resitting of the Rumpers require admission whereupon it was again resolved that they did stand duely discharged from their sitting as members of that Parliament and that writs should be immediatly issâ—ed out for the electing of new members in their places Thus they are still provideing to perpetuate themselves And then falling to their old trade of divideing the spoyle and to let them see how much they were offended they order the Estates of Sr Georg Booth a secluded member and all his adherents to be forthwith sould General Monk who kept a correspondence in Ireland received the news that his friends had surprized Dublin Castle and that most of all Ireland had declared for him and the Parliament to sit again but he was surprized at the actual siting again of the Rump having other designs in his head than their restauration and therefore thinks it now high time to march tho' in the midst of winter and great snow yet on the 2 of January he begins to set forward resolving for London In the mean time the Junto knowing that both City and Country were highly exasperated who would not be satisfied with any thing but the restorâ—ing the old members or a free Parliament and having also had experience of the Armies stubbornness and aptness to mutiny therefore to provide for their own Safety which was very dear to them they make Morley Lieutenant of the Tower and ordered a letter of thanks to be sent to General Monk which was accordingly done and which the General received being upon this march and caused it to be read to his souldiers at the head of their Regiments whilst they stood up to the knees in snow This letter was but cold comfort and they feared lest it should have hind'red their march for the souldiers long'd to be at London and the Messenger told Monk that Lambert's forces were dispers'd and all things quiet yet the General would not understand him but continued his march Southwards for he said he would see them setled and take care no more force should be put upon them and by a messenger of his own sent them a letter much to the same purpose with a return of thanks for the honour they did him and of professions of fidelity to them and that they being in an unsetled condition he thought it best to see them setled c. with several other things which he recommended to them both as to the soulderie and the people The General had left Major General Morgan behind in Scotland with sufficient force to keep that nation in quiet who were now in great expectation of the issue of Monks march into England All the way as he march'd he was highly caressed by the Gentry and addressed by the Counties for a free Parliament to whom he was very reserv'd tho' civil so that many scruples and doubts a rose concerning him some suspecting him a Royalist others a Rumper and others believing he intended to set up himself in Olivers place The Citty likewise sent their Swordbearer to complement him and to offer him their service and then by 3 Commissioners requesting the same thing the readmission of the secluded members without any previous Oath or a free Parliament either of which they knew would bring in the King tho' they durst not yet speak out Monk observ'd all and tho' inwardly glad he knew one error might spoyle all therefore he still kept his mind to himself and answer'd them that he would see the Parliament freed from all force and the House filled and good provision made for future Parliaments But the Rumpers who had also received the like declarations from the Country doubting what those caresses might produce sent two of their subtlest members Scot and Luke Robinson in shew to wait upon Monk but in effect to watch and observe him and to give them an account of all his actions for their Jealousie of him dayly increased The General came to St. Albans upon the 28 th of January and there made an hault sending from thence a letter to the Junto which he had framed before-hand as Nottingam in which he desired to have his quarters assigned him according to the list he had sent ready drawn in his letter and that thoses forces that were now there might draw forth and march to severall Quarters far enough a sunder as he had also by his list inclosed appoynted or desired telling them he did it upon mature consideration of the present posture of their affairs that those places he had assigned to them who were to march out might be secured for them he having intelligence of their distemper'd condition and that he presumed with submission that it would not be for their service that those souldiers then in London lately in Rebellion against them should mingle with those of his approved faithfull Regiments till they should by their new Officers put over them be reduced to a more assured obedience to them Colonel Merley's and Colonel Fagg's Regiments were excepted he having an assurance of them This letter was sent by Colonel Lydeot who was allyed to the Speaker This letter caused a violent dispute which lasted from 8 in the morning till 12 at noon the result of which was That the Parliament did agree with the distributions of the souldiers according to the Lists and that the Souldiers be forth with distributed accordingly The General was not a little glad to hear of this for by this he did his business and it was of great consequence as to his design in thus getting the sole possession of London and Westminster into his power Fleetwoods armie marched out of London having a months pay assigned them but this did not satisfie nor keep them from grumbling and some of them mutined at Somerste-house but at last were