.ij. vilaines more associate with him the Lieutenaunt refusyng so horrible a fact This was doen he takyng his waie progresse to Glocester whereof he was before tymes Duke the murther perpetrated he doubed the good squire knight Yet to kepe close this horrible murther he caused a fame and rumour to be spread abrode in all partes of the realme that these twoo childreÌ„ died sodainly thereby thinkyng the hartes of all people to bee quietlie setteled no heire male lefte a liue of kyng Edwardes children His mischief was soche that God shortened his vsurped raigne he was altogether in feare and dread for he being feared and dreaded of other did also feare dread neuer quicte of minde faint harted his bloodie conscience by outward signes condeÌ„pned hym his iyes in euery place whirlying and caste about his hand moche on his Dagger the infernall furies tormented him by night visions and horrible dreames drawed him from his bedde his vnquiet life shewed the state of his conscience his close murther was vttered froÌ„ the hartes of the subiectes thei called hym openlie with horrible titles and names a horrible murtherer and excecrable tiraunt The people sorowed the death of these twoo babes the Queene kyng Edwardes wife beeyng in Sanctuarie was bestraught of witte and sences sounyng and falling doune to the grounde as dedde the Queene after reuiued knéeled doune and called on God to take vengaunce on this murtherer The conscience of the people was so wounded of the tolleracion of the facte that when any blustryng winde or perilous thonder or dreadfull tempest happened with one voice thei cried out and quaked least God would take vengauÌ„ce of them for it is alwaies seen the horrible life of wicked gouernors bringeth to ruin their kyngdom and people also wicked people the like daungers to the kyngdome and Prince well he and his supporters with the Duke of Buckyngham died shamefullie The knotte of mariage promised betwene Henrie Erle of Richemonde and Elizabeth doughter to kyng Edward the fowerth caused diuerse nobles to aide and associate this erle fledde out of this lande with all power to the attainmente of the kyngdome by his wife At Nottyngham newes came to kyng Richard that the Erle of Richmonde with a small coÌ„paignie of nobles and other was arriued in Wales forthewith exploratours and spies were serit who shewed the Erle to be encampled at the toune of Liâ—â—hfield forthwith all preparacion of warre was set forthe to Leicester on euery side the Nobles and commons shranke from kyng Richarde his power more and more weakened By a village called Bosworthe in a greate plaine méete for twoo battailes by Leicester this held was pitched wherin king Richard manfully fightyng hande to hande with the Erle of Richmonde was slame his bodie caried shamefullie to the toune of Leicester naked without honor as he deserned trussed on a horse behinde a Purseuaunte of Armes like a hogge or a Calfe his hedde and his armes hangyng on the one side and his legges on the other side caried through mire and durte to the graie Friers churche to all men a spectacle and oprobrie of tirannie this was the cruell tiramites ende ¶ A narracion historicall of the commyng of Iulius Cesar into Britaine WHen Iulius Cesar had ended his mightie and huge battailes about the stood Rhene he marched into the regioÌ„ of Fraunce at the same time repairing with a freshe multitude his LegioÌ„s but the chief cause of his warie in Fraunce was that of long time he was moued in minde to see this noble Islande of Britain whose fame for nobilitee was knowen and bruted not onelie in Rome but also in the vttermoste laÌ„des Iulius Cesar was wroth with theÌ„ because in his warre sturred in Fraunce the fearce Britaines aided the Fenche men and did mightilie encounter battaill with the Romaines whose prowes and valiaunt fight slaked the proude and loftie stomackes of the Romaines and droue theÌ„ to diuerse hasardes of battaill But Cesar as a noble warrier preferryng nobilitee and worthinesse of fame before money or cowardly quietnes ceased not to enter on y e fearce Britaines and thereto prepared his Shippes the Winter tyme folowyng that assone as oportunitee of the yere serued to passe with all power against them In the meane tyme Cesar inquired of the Marchauntes who with marchaundise had accesse to the Islande as concernyng the quaÌ„titee and bignes of it the fashion and maner of the people their lawes their order and kinde of gouernmente As these thynges were in all poinctes vnknowen to Cesar so also the MarchauÌ„tes knewe no more thaÌ„ the places bordring on the sea side For the Britaines fearing the traiterous and dissembled hartes of aliauÌ„tes politikelie repelled them for no straunger was suffered to enter from his Shippe on the lande but their marchaundice were sold at the sea side All nacions sought to this land the felicitee of it was so greate whereupon the Grekes knowyng and tastyng the commoditée of this Islande called it by a Greke name Olbion whiche signifieth a happie and fortunate countrie though of some called Albion tyme chaunged the firste letter as at this daie London is called for the toune of kyng Lud. Cesar thereupon before he would marche with his armie to the people of Britain he sent Caius Volusenus a noble man of Rome a valiaunte and hardie Capitaine as Embassadour to the Britaines who as he thoughte by his Embassage should knowe the fashion of the Island the maner of the people their gouernemente But as it seemeth the Embassadour was not welcome For he durste not enter froÌ„ his Ship to dooe his maisters Embassage Cesar knewe nothing by him Yet Cesar was not so contented but sent an other Embassadour a man of more power stomack and more hardie Comas Atrebas by name who would enter as an Embassadour to accomplish the will expectacion of Cesar Comas Atrebas was so welcome that the Britains cast him in prison Embassages was not common emong theim nor the curteous vsage of Embassadours knowen Al these thinges made Cesar more wrothe to assaie the vncourtous Bristaines In those daies Cassibelan was kyng of London this Cassibelan was a prince of high wisedom of manly stomacke and valiaunt in fight and for power and valiauntnesse was chosen of the Britaines chief gouernour and kyng Dissencion and cruell warre was emong theÌ„ through the diuersitie of diuers kinges in the lande The TroinouauÌ„tes enuied the state of Cassibelan bicause Immanuencius who was kyng of London before Cassibelan was put to death by the counsail of Cassibelan The sonne of Immanuencius hearing of the commyng of Cesar did flie traiterouslie to Cesar The Troinouauntes fauoured ImmanueÌ„cius part thereupon promised as moste vile traitours to their countrie an enteryng to Cesar seruice and homage who through a self will and priuate fauour of one sought the ruine of their countrie and in
¶ A booke called the Foundacion of Rhetorike because all other partes of Rhetorike are grounded thereupon euery parte sette forthe in an Oracion vpon questions verie profitable to bee knowen and redde Made by Richard Rainolde Maister of Arte of the Vniuersitie of Cambridge 1563. Mens Marcij vj. ¶ Imprinted at London by Ihon Kingston ¶ To the right honorable and my singuler good Lorde my Lorde Robert Dudley Maister of the Quéenes Maiesties horse one of her highes priuie Counâ—â—â—e and knight of the moste honourable order of the Garter Richard Rainolde wisheth longe life with increase of honour ARISTOTLE the famous Philosopher writing a boke to king AlexaÌ„der the great and mightie conquerour began the Epistle of his Booke in these woordes Twoo thynges moued me chieflie O King to betake to thy Maiesties handes this worke of my trauaile and labour thy nobilitie and vertue of the whiche thy nobilitie encouraged me thy greate and singuler vertue indued with all humanitie forced and draue me thereto The same twoo in your good Lordshippe Nobilitie and Vertue as twoo mightie Pillers staied me in this bolde enterprise to make your good Lordshippe beyng a Pere of honour indued with all nobilitie and vertue a patrone and possessoure of this my booke In the whiche although copious and aboundaunte eloquence wanteth to adorne and beautifie the same yet I doubte not for the profite that is in this my trauaile conteined your honour indued with all singuler humanitie will vouchsaufe to accepte my willyng harte my profitable purpose herein Many famous menne and greate learned haue in the Greke tongue and otherwise trauailed to profite all tymes their countrie and common wealthe This also was my ende and purpose to plante a worke profitable to all tymes my countrie and common wealthe And because your Lordshippe studieth all singularitie to vertue and wholie is incensed thereto I haue compiled this woorke and dedicated it to your Lordeshippe as vnto whoÌ„ moste noble and vertuous VVherin are set forthe soche Oracions as are right profitable to bee redde for knowledge also necessarie The duetie of a subiecte the worthie state of nobilitie the preheminent dignitie and Maiestie of a Prince the office of counsailours worthie chiefe veneracion the office of a Iudge or Magestrate are here set foorthe In moste fortunate state is the kyngdome and Common wealthe where the Nobles and Peres not onelie daiely doe studie to vertue for that is the wisedome that all the graue and wise Philophers searched to attaine to For the ende of all artes and sciences and of all noble actes and enterprises is vertue but also to fauour and vphold the studentes of learnyng whiche also is a greate vertue VVho so is adorned with nobilitie and vertue of necessitie nobilitie and vertue will moue and allure theÌ„ to fauour and support vertue in any other yea as Tullie the moste famous Oratour dooeth saie euen to loue those whoÌ„ we neuer sawe but by good fame and brute beutified to vs. For the encrease of vertue God dooeth nobilitate with honour worthie menne to be aboue other in dignitie and state thereupon vertue doeth encrease your Lordshipps honor beyng a louer of vertue and worthie nobilitie Your lordshippes humble seruaunt Richard Rainolde â–ª To the Reader APHTHONIVS a famous man wrote in Greke of soche declamacions to enstructe the studentes thereof with all facilitée to grounde in them a moste plentious and riche vein of eloquence No man is able to inuente a more profitable waie and order to instructe any one in the exquisite and absolute perfeccion of wisedome and eloquence then Aphthonius Quintilianus and Hermogenes Tullie also as a moste excellente Orator in the like sorte trauailed whose Eloquence and vertue all tymes ertolled and the ofspryng of all ages worthilie aduaunceth And because as yet the verie grounde of Rhetorike is not heretofore intreated of as concernyng these exercises though in fewe yeres past a learned woorke of Rhetorike is compiled and made in the Englishe tounguei of one who floweth in all excellencie of arte who in iudgement is profounde in wisedome and eloquence moste famous In these therefore my diligence is emploied to profite many although not with like Eloquence beutified and adorned as the matter requireth I haue chosen out in these Oracions soche questions as are right necessarie to be knowen and redde of all those whose cogitacioÌ„ pondereth vertue and Godlines I doubte not but seyng my trauaile toucheth vertuous preceptes and vttereth to light many famous Histories the order of arte obserued also but that herein the matter itself shall defende my purpose againste the enuious whiche seketh to depraue any good enterprise begon of any one persone The enuious manne though learned readeth to depraue that which he readeth the ignoraunt is no worthie Iudge the learned and godlie pondereth vprightly sincerely that which he iudgeth the order of these Oracions followeth afterward and the names of theÌ„ ¶ The contentes of this Booke AN Oracion made vpon the Fable of the Shepherdes and the Wolues the Wolues requestyng the Bandogges wherein is set forthe the state of euery subiecte the dignitie of a Prince the honourable office of counsailours An Oracion vpon the Fable of the Ante and the Greshopper teachyng prouidence An Oracion Historicall howe Semiramis came to bee Quéene of Babilon An Oracion Historicall vpon kyng Richard the thirde sometyme Duke of Glocester An Oracion Historicall of the commyng of Iulius Ceser into Englande An Oracion Ciuill or Iudiciall vpon Themistocles of the walle buildyng at Athenes An Oracion Poeticall vpon a redde Rose A profitable Oracion shewyng the decaie of kingdomes and nobilitie An Oracion vpon a Sentence preferryng a Monarchie conteinyng all other states of common wealthe The confutacion of the battaile of Troie A confirmacion of the noble facte of Zopyrus An Oracion called a Common place against Theues The praise of Epaminundas Duke of Thebes wherein the grounde of nobilitée is placed The dispraise of Domicius Nero Emperour of Roome A comparison betwene Demosthenes and Tullie A lamentable Oracion of Hecuba Queene of Troie A descripcion vpon Xerxes kyng of Persia An Oracion called Thesis as concerning the goodly state of Mariage An Oracion conâ—â—â—â—â—g a certaine lawe of Solon ¶ The foundacion of Rhetorike NAture hath indued euery man with a certain eloquence and also subtilitee to reason and discusse of any question or proposicion propounded as Aristotle the Philosopher in his Booke of Rhetorike dooeth shewe These giftes of nature singuler doe flowe and abounde in vs accordyng to the greate and ample indumente and plentuousnes of witte and wisedome lodged in vs therefore Nature it self beyng well framed and afterward by arte and order of science instructed and adorned must be singularlie furthered helped and aided in all excellencie to exquisite inuencion and profounde knowledge bothe in Logike and Rhetorike In the one as a Oratour to pleate with all facilitee and copionslie to dilate any matter or sentence in the
reason or any other thing wanting life is ioyned with it as for the example of the fable of the woodes and the housebandman of whom he desired a helue for his hatchet Aucthours doe write that Poetes firste inuented fables the whiche Oratours also doe vse in their perswasions and not without greate cause both Poetes and Oratours doe applie theim to their vse For fables dooe conteine goodlie admonicion vertuous preceptes of life Hesiodus the Poete intreatyng of the iniurious dealyng of Princes and gouernours against their subiectes admonished them by the fable of the Goshauke and the Nightyngale in his clause Ouid also the Poete intreated of diuers fables wherein he giueth admonicion and godly counsaile Demosthenes the famous Oratour of Athens vsed the fable of the Shepeherdes and Wolues how the Wolues on a tyme instauntlie required of the Shepeherdes their bande dogges and then thei would haue peace and concorde with theim the Shepeherdes gaue ouer their Dogges their Dogges deliuered and murdered the shepe were immediatly deuoured So saieth he if ye shall ones deliuer to Philip the king of the Macedonians your Oratours by whose learnyng knowlege and wisedome the whole bodie of your dominions is saued for thei as Bandogges doe repell all mischeuous enterprises and chaunses no doubte but that rauenyng Wolfe Philip will eate and consume your people by this Fable he made an Oracion he altered their counsailes and heddes of the Athenians from so foolishe an enterprise Also the same Demosthenes seyng the people careles slothfull and lothsome to heare the Oratours and all for the florishing state of the kingdome the ascended to the place or pulpet where the Oracions were made and began with this fable Ye men of Athens saied he it happened on a tyme that a certaine man hired an Asse and did take his iourney from Athens to Megara as we would saie frō London to Yorke the owner also of the Asse did associate hymself in his iourney to brynge backe the Asse againe in the voyage the weather was extreame burning hotte and the waie tedious the place also for barenes and sterilitée of trees wanted shadowe in this long broyle of heate he that satte one the Asse lighted and woke shadowe vnder the bellie of the Asse and because the shadowe would not suffice bothe the Asse beyng small the owner saied he muste haue the shadowe because the Asse was his I deny that saieth the other the shadowe is myne because I hired the Asse thus thei were at greate contencion the fable beyng recited Demosthenes descended frō his place the whole multitude were inquisitiue to knowe the ende about the shadowe Demosthenes notyng their follie afrended to his place and saied O ye foolishe Athemans whiles I and other gaue to you counsaill and admoniciō of graue and profitable matters your eares wer deafe and your mindes slombred but now I tell of a small trifeling matter youthrong to heare the reste of me By this Fable he nipped their follie and trapped them manifestlie in their owne doltishenes Here vpon I doe somwhat long make copie of wordes to shewe the singularitee of fables well applied In the tyme of Kyng Richard the thirde Doctour Mourton beyng Bishop of Elie and prisoner in the Duke of Buckynghams house in Wales was often tymes moued of the Duke to speake his minde frelie if king Richard wer lawfully king and said to him of his fidelitee to kepe close and secret his sentence but the Bishop beyng a godlie man and no lesse wise waied the greate frendship whiche was sometyme betwene the Duke King Richard aunswered in effect nothyng but beyng daily troubled with his mocions instigacions spake a fable of Esope My lorde saied he I will aunswere you by a Fable of Esope The Lion on a tyme gaue a commaundement that all horned beastes should flie from the woode and none to remain there but vnhorned beastes The Hare hearing of this commaundement departed with the horned beastes from the woodde The wilie Foxe metyng the Hare demaunded the cause of his haste forthwith the Hare aunswered a commaundemente is come from the Lion that all horned beastes should bee exiled vpon paine of death from the woode why saied the Foxe this commaundement toucheth not any sorte of beast as ye are for thou haste no hornes but knubbes yea but said the Hare what if the i saie I haue hornes that is an other matter my lorde I saie no more what he ment is euident to all men In the time of king Hēry theight a prince of famous memorie at what time as the small houses of religiō wer giuen euer to the kinges hand by the Parliament house the bishop of Rochester Doctour Fisher by name stepped forthe beyng greued with the graunt recited before them a fable of Esope to shewe what discommoditee would followe in the Clergie My lordes and maisters saieth he Esope recited a fable how that on a tyme a housebande manne desired of the woodes a small helue for his hatchet all the woodes consented thereto waiyng the graunt to be small and the thyng lesse therevpō the woodes consented in fine the housbande man cut doune a small peece of woodde to make a helue he framyng a helue to the hatchette without leaue and graunt he cut doune the mightie Okes and Cedars and destroyed the whole woodd then the woodes repented them to late So saith he the gift of these small houses ar but a small graunt into the kinges hādes but this small graunt will bee a waie and meane to pull doune the greate mightie fatte Abbees so it happened But there is repentaūce to late no profite ensued of the graunte ¶ An Oracion made by a fable is the first exercise to declame by the other bee these An Oracion made by a A Fable a Narracion Chria Sentence Confutacion Confirmacion Common place The praise The dispraise The Comparison Ethopeia A Discripcion Thesis Legislatio OF euery one of these a goodlie Oraciō maie be made these excercises are called of the Grekes Progimnasmata of the Latines profitable introduccions or fore exercises to attain greater arte and knowlege in Rhetorike and bicause for the easie capacitée and facilitée of the learner to attain greater knowledge in Rhetorike thei are right profitable and necessarie Therefore I title this booke to bee the foundaciō of Rhetorike the exercises being Progimnasmata I haue chosen out the fable of the Shepeherdes and the Wolues vpon the whiche fable Demosthenes made an cloquente copious and wittie Oracion before the Athenians whiche fable was so well applied that the citée and common wealth of Athens was saued ¶ A fable These notes must be obserued to make an Oracion by a Fable ¶ Praise 1. Firste ye shall recite the fable as the aucthour telleth it 2. There in the seconde place you shall praise the aucthoure who made the fable whiche praise maie sone bée gotte of any studious scholer
can not take place to help theÌ„ Soche as do folowe the life of the Greshopper are worthie of their miserie who haue no witte to foresée seasons and tymes but doe suffer tyme vndescretly to passe whiche fadeth as a floure thold Romaines do picture Ianus with two faces a face behind an other before which resemble a wiseman who alwaies ought to knowe thinges paste thynges presente and also to be experte by the experience of many ages and tymes and knowledge of thynges to come ¶ The comparison betwene the twoo thynges WHat can be more descritlie doen then the Ante to be so prouident and politike as that all daunger of life necessitie is excluded the stormie times of Winter ceaseth of might honger battereth not his walles hauyng soche plentie of foode for vnlooked bitter stormes and seasons happeneth in life whiche when thei happen neither wisedoÌ„ nor pollicie is not able to kepe backe Wisedome therefore it is so to stande that these thynges hurte not the miserable ende of the Greshopper sheweth vnto vs whiche maie be an example to all menne of what degree so euer thei bee to flie slothe and idelnesse to be wise and discrite ¶ Of contraries AS diligence prouidence and discrete life is a singulare gift whiche increaseth all vertues a pillar staie and a foundacion of all artes and science of common wealthes and kyngdomes So contrarily sloth and sluggishnesse in all states and causes defaseth destroyeth and pulleth doune all vertue all science and godlines For by it the mightie kyngdome of the LidiaÌ„s was destroied as it semeth no small vice when the Lawes of Dracâ— dooe punishe with death idelnesse ¶ The ende THerefore the diligence of the Ante in this Fable not onelie is moche to be commended but also her example is to bee followed in life Therefore the wiseman doeth admonishe vs to go vnto the Ant and learne prouidence and also by the Greshopper lette vs learne to auoide idelnes lesse the like miserie and calamitie fall vpon vs. ¶ Narratio THis place followyng is placed of Tullie after the exordium or beginnyng of Oracion as the seconde parte whiche parte of Rhetorike is as it were the light of all the Oracion folowing conteining the cause matter persone tyme with all breuitie bothe of wordes and inuencion of matter ¶ A Narracion A Narracion is an exposicion orderlaracion of any thyng dooen in deede or els a settyng forthe forged of any thyng but so declaimed and declared as though it were doen. A narracion is of three sortes either it is a narracion historicall of any thyng contained in any aunciente storie or true Chronicle Or Poeticall whiche is a exposicion fained set for the by inuencion of Poetes or other Or ciuill otherwise called Iudiciall whiche is a matter of controuersie in iudgement to be dooen or not dooen well or euill In euery Narracion ye must obserue sixe notes 1. Firste the persone or doer of the thing whereof you intreate 2. The facte doen. 3. The place wherein it was doen. 4. The tyme in the whiche it was doen. 5. The maner must be shewed how it was doen. 6. The cause wherevpon it was doen. There be in this Narracion iiij other properties beloÌ„ging 1. First it must be plain and euident to the hearer not obscure 2. short and in as fewe wordes as it maie be for soche a matter 3. Probable as not vnlike to be true 4. In wordes fine and elegante ¶ A narracion historicall vpon Semiramis Queene of Babilon how and after what sort the obtained the gouernment thereof AFter the death of Ninus somtime kyng of Babilon his soonne Nuius also by name was left to succede hym in all the Assirian Monarchie Semiramis wife to Ninus the firste feared the tender age of her sonne wherupon she thought that those mightie nacions and kyngdomes would not obaie so young and weake a Prince Wherfore she kept her sonne from the gouernmente and moste of all she feared that thei would not obaie a woman forthwith she fained her self to be the soonne of Ninus and bicause she would not be knowen to bee a woman this Quene inuented a newe kinde of tire the whiche all the Babilonians that were men vsed by her commaundement By this straunge disguised tire and apparell she not knowen to bee a woman ruled as a man for the space of twoo and fourtie yeres she did marueilous actes for she enlarged the mightie kyngdome of Babilon and builded the same citée Many other regions subdued and vallauntlie ouerthrowen she entered India to the whiche neuer Prince came sauing Alexander the greate she paâ—â—ed not onely men in vertue counsaill and valiaunt stomacke but also the famous counsailours of Assiria might not contende with her in Maiestie pollicie and roialnes For at what tyme as thei knewe her a woman thei enuied not her state but marueiled at her wisedome pollicie and moderacion of life at the laste she desiryng the vnnaturall lust and loue of her soonne Ninus was murthered of hym ¶ A narracion historicall vpon kyng Richard the third the cruell tiraunt â–ª RIchard duke of Glocester after the death of Edward the fowerth his brother king of England vsurped the croune moste traiterouâ—â—â—e and wickedlie this kyng Richard was sâ—â—ll of stature deformed and ill shaped his shoulders beared not equalitie a pulyng face yet of countenaunce and looke cruell malicious deceiptfull bityng and chawing his nether lippe of minde vnquiet pregnaunt of witte quicke and liuely a worde and a blowe wilie deceiptfull proude arrogant in life and cogitacion bloodie The fowerth daie of Iulie he entered the tower of London with Anne his wife doughter to Richard Exle of Warwick and there in created Edward his onely soonne a child of ten yeres of age Prince of Wales At the same tyme in the same place he created many noble peres to high prefermente of honour and estate and immediatly with feare and faint harte bothe in himself and his nobles and commons was created king alwaies a vnfortunate and vnluckie creacion the harts of the nobles and commons thereto lackyng or faintyng and no maruaile he was a cruell murtherer a wretched caitiffe a moste tragicall tyraunt and blood succour bothe of his nephewes and brother George Duke of Clarence whom he caused to bee drouned in a Butte of 〈…〉 the staires sodainlie remoued wheron he stepped the death of the lorde Riuers with many other nobles compassed and wrought at the young Princes commyng out of Wales the .xix. daie of Iuly in the yere of our lorde 1483. openly he toke vpon him to be king who sekyng hastely to clime fell according to his desart sodainly and ingloriously whose Embassage for peace Lewes the Frenche king for his miseheuous boodie slaughter so moche abhorred that he would neither see the Embassador nor heare the Embassage for he murthered his .ij. nephues by the handes of one Iames Tirrell
The fable of the Bishop of Elie to the duke of Buckyngham The fable of the Bishop of Rochester againste the graunt of the Chauntries The firste exercise Inuentours of al excellent artes and sciences commended to the posteritee Apelles Parthesius Polucletus The ende of all artes is to godlie life Esope worthie moche commendacioÌ„ Philophie in fables Realmes maie learne concorde out of Esopes fables Preceptes to Kynges and Subiectes Preceptes to parentes and children The content of al Lawes I true praise commeÌ„ded by fame it self The wolue moste rauening cruell The wolues of all beastes moste obâ—â—uious The wolue inferiour to the bandogge The Dogge passeth all creatures in smellyng Plinie The worthines of Shepe The wolle of Shepe riche and commodious Man a chief creature Stoike Philosophers The office of the shepeherdes are profitable and necessarie wealth profit and riches riseth of the wolles of Shepe Man called of the Philosophers a little worlde The bodie of man without concord of the partes perisheth The common wealthe like to the bodie of manne Menenius The baseste parte of the bodie moste necessarie The amiable parte of the body doe consiste by the baseste and moste beformeste The Shepeherdes state necessarie The state of the husbande manne moste necessarie No meane state to be contempned Rotten members of the coÌ„mon wealth Plato A common wealth doe consiste by vnitie of all states Aristotle what is a coÌ„mon wealth A liuely exaÌ„ple of commoÌ„ wealthe The counsail of wolues Lycaon The firste progenie of wolues The inuencion of the Poet Ouide to compare a wicked man to a wolue Lycaon Lycaon chauÌ„ged into a wolue wolue Manner The counsail of wolues The counsail of wicked meÌ„ to mischief The cogitacions of wicked men and their kyngdoÌ„ bloodie The state of counsailours worthie chief honour and veneracion Plato Homere The Shepeherdes name giueÌ„ to the office of kyngs The state or good counsallers troublous A comparision from a lesse to a greater The worthie state of Princes and counsailours The amitie of wicked menns To beleue lightly a furtheraunce to perill The praise of Esope Cresus Samians Licerus Delphos winter The Ante. The Ante. Manne Greshopper A poincte of wisedome A wise cogitacion Pouertie Wisedome Housebande menne Frendship Homere Nature The cause of our bearth Ianus Prouidence Diligence Idelnes The Ante. Tyme Persone The cause The facte The waie how The facte The place The persone The tyme â–ª The place The horrible murther of king Richard The facte The tyme. The maner how The cause The state of a wicked maÌ„ A dolefull stale of a quene The wicked facte of kyng Richard a horror and dread to the commons God permit meanes to pull doune tyrauntes Lichefelde Leicester Bosworthe Kyng Richard killed in Bosworth fielde The tyme. The persone The cause The fame and glorie of Britaine The prowes of Iulius Cesar The maner how Cesars communicacion with the marchauntes as concernyng the lande of Britaine The ware politike gouernement of y t Britaines Aliaunce in tyme traiterous Britain somtyme called of the Grekes Olbion not Albion Caius Volusenus Embassadour to Britaine Comas Atrebas secoÌ„de Embassador from Cesar Cassibelane king of London at the ariue of Cesar Cassibelane a worthie Prince ImanueÌ„cius The Troynouauntes by treason let in Cesar Treason a confusion to the mightiest dominions A senteÌ„ce grauen of Britaine in the commendacion of Cesar Lusimachus Prodicus Gorgias Leontinus Demosthenes learned eloquence of Isocrates All excelleâ—◠〈…〉 is attained The roote of learnyng bitter Who is a vnfortunate childe Good educacion the foundacion of the Romaine Empire Euill educacion bringeth to rume mightie kingdoms Lydiâ— Cyrus The decay of a kyngdome The mightie dominions of Cyrus Euill educacion Pithagoras Eatona Lycurgus Vertue Vice Pleasure Idlenes Ignoraunce Alexander the great coÌ„mended for diligence Gnome The praise of Homere The content of Homers bookes Alexander The Ilias of Homere mete for princes to looke vpon The state of many kinges in one lande Athenes Carthage in a monarchie The state of many kinges mone lande A monarchie in heauen One Sunne The Ante. The Bee Constancius Licinius Marabodius Pompey Cesar Marius Silla Assiria the first monarchie The monarchie of the Medes The PersiaÌ„ Macedonia Asia Siria Egipte in a Monarchie Tirannis Nero Domicianus Caligula what doeth beautifie the throne of a Prince Aristocratia The ende of Aristocratia Politeia Tirannis Oligarthia Democratia A monarchie prefarred of the Persians The duetie of al noble peres Darius Kyngdomes rise and fall The answer of Alexander to Darius as coÌ„cernyng a monarchie AlexaÌ„der the great prefarred a Monarchie Alexanders monarchie fel by many kinges Antipater Crates Meliagrus Perdiceas Ptolemeus Learcus Cassander Menander Leonatus Lusimacus Eumenes Seleucus Fraunce Spaine Germanie Britaine The vanities of Poetes The battaill of Troie x yeres for a harlotte The vain inuention of Poetes Plato reiecteth Poetes from the common wealth Helena The cause of the forged inuencion Nocommendacion in vpholdyng and maintainyng of hariottes Helena followed Paris Vertuous life worthie commendation in al ages Lucrecia Tarquinius the kyng banished for rauishyng Lucrecia and all of his name banished Penelopes chastitie Nestor Vlisses Grece the lande of faire women Vncomelie Beautie without vertue nothyng of valour Beautie a poison in a adulterous mynde Beautie sone fadeth Paris Helenas louer Phrigia Vncomelie Grece the fountain of al learnyng Menelaus housbande to Helena Harlottes loue dissentbled Troians Grecians Absurditie The defence of Helena Troie a kingdome of whordome Nature abhorreth the warre of the Grecians Helena Priamus Ambicion Eesar fell by ambicion Discorde Pompey Romulus killed Remus by ambicion Iustinus Chronicles moste necessary to be red The worthinesse of histories what is a historie An ignorant life 〈…〉 The knowlege of Histories maketh vs as it were liuyng in all ages Historiogriphers The treason of the Assyrians Darius Babilon taken of the Assyrians The fact of Zopyrus Zopyrus caused the deformitie of his bodie for the good state of his countrie The pollicie of Zopyrus Trogus PoÌ„peius Zopyrus The saiyng of Tullie Plato 〈…〉 The state of a publike wealthe is to beeÌ„ preferred before a priuate wealth Pericles A good subiecte is redie to liue and die for his countrie Horacius Cocles Marcus Attilius Cynegerus Hismenias Thrasibulus Leonides kyng or the Lacedemonians Leonides Agesilaus Conon Lisander Archidamus Codrus Epamniundas Grecians Troians Romans who liueth in shame Epamenundas a most noble and valiaunt pere The order of Athenes Thusidides The duetie of all good subiectes The cause of our birthe The facte of Zopyrus The fact of Zopyrus Zopyrus deformed a beautie of his countree Why it is called a common place Pristianus what are Lawes Aristotle Plato Order Man borne by nature to societee All thinges beyng on the yearth dooe consiste by a harmonie or concorde Order conserueth common wealth Euil maners was theoccasion of good Lawes Theiues not mete to be in any societie Why theiues and wicked men are cut of by lawe A due rewardes for thieues and murtherers