took an Oath of secresie yet nevertheless soon after discover'd the whole business so that Artabanus was instantly put to death for the same at which time all his other Treasons came out concerning the Murder of Xâ—rxes and Dariâ—â— After Aâ—tabanus's death which is at large describ'd by Iustin great Troubles ensued his Party being very strong and numerous till at length by the courage of Megabyzus who was dangerously wounded in the Conflict three of Artabanus's Sons being kill'd the Tumult ceas'd The next Disturbance that alarm'd Artaxerxes was a Revolt of the Bactriaâ—s occasion'd as some say by his Brother Hystaspes their Governour out of indignation to see his youngest Brother preferr'd before him Two Battels were fought in this Quarrel in the latter of which the Wind blowing in the Faces of the Bactrians Artaxerxes became victorious and reduced all that Countrey to his obedience After this Artaxerxes had no sooner â—ettâ—ed the Affairs of his Kingdom and removed all such Officers as were not for his turn but the Aegyptians having heard of the Disorders in Persia upon the death of Xerxes began to think of recovering their Liberty for which purpose setting up Inarus King of Lybia and Son of Psammetichus for their Prince they began a Revolâ— under his Conduct they furthermore sent to crave aid of the Athenians who desiring as well to get â—ooting in Aegypt as to reduce the power of the Persian Monarch furnish'd them with 300 Shipâ— Against these Preparations Artaxerxes dispatch'd besides a great Fleet also an Army of 3 or 400000 Foot under the Command of Achaemenidâ—s who as Ctesias saith was his Brother but as Diodorus saith his great Uncle being the Son of Darius Hystaspes This Persian Army was encounter'd and beat by the Egyptian and Lybian Forces wherein Achaemenides the General and 100000 Persians were slain After this Artaxerxes offer'd great Bribes to the Lacedâ—monians for their assistance in this War which they refused his design being to make them fall out with Athens that so the Athenians might be compell'd to withdraw their Forces out of Egypt Nevertheless Artaxerxes by the next Spring raises a new Army of above 300000 which he sent against the Egyptians under the Command of Megabyzus the Son of that Zopyrus who recover'd Babylon to Darius joyning Artabazus in Commission with him In this second Expedition Megabyzus wounded King Inarus in the Thigh and obtain'd so great a Victory that he totally reduced the Egyptians to obedience and having taken King Inarus Prisoner Artaxerxes made him be crucified The Athenian Fleet was likewise destroy'd by a stratagem for the Persians diverting the course of the River wherein they lay by making new Channels at the mouth of it left the Ships at Anchor upon dry ground and so assaulted them with their Land-Army and took them Now Artaxerxes having thus composed his Troubles in Bactria and Egypt did in the 7th year of his Reign make a Decree in behalf of the Iews that whosoever of them would might go up with Ezra and inhabit Ierusalem He also contributed several sums of Money for their Sacrifices and other uses to be disposed of according to the discretion of Ezra wherewith Ezra began to build the Walls of Ierusalem In the 15th year of Artaxerxes the Athenians having recruited their former losses did with their Fleet under the Convoy of their Admiral Cimon very much infest the Persians at Cyprus in so much that Artaxerxes was glad to clap up a Peace with them upon disadvantagious terms viz. that all the Greek Cities in Asia should be free from the Persian yoke In this last Engagement at Cyprus Cimon perish'd and in him the true Gallantry of the Greekish Nation for none of their Captains after him did any thing considerable against the Barbarians excepting Agesilaus whose War also was short and of little consequence In the 20th year of Artaxerxes Nehemiah his Cup-bearer Nehem. 1.11 hearing that the Wall of Ierusalem was broken down and the Gates burnt with fire obtained leave of him to go with a large Commission for the rebuilding of the Walls as also with a Mandâ—mus to the Keeper of the King's Forrests to furnish him with Wood for that purpose About this time it was that Megabyzus Artaxerxes's General who had done him that service in Egypt was disobliged by the King in putting those Egyptian Prisoners to death whom he had promis'd their Pardons in so much that Megabyzus leaving the Court in discontent and retiring to his Command in Syria did there with the assistance of some Greeks begin an open Rebellion against the King his Master and obtain'd two famous Victories over him Nevertheless by the mediation of Friends betwixt both together with the assurance of a free Pardon Artaxerxes and Megabyzus were again reconciled and he brought into the King's presence But soon after being both together hunting of a Lion and Megabyzus happening to kill the Lion just as the King was going to strike him the King was so greatly offended thereat that he commanded Megabyzus his Head to be cut off however by the intercession of Friends the King for that time gave him his life and only banished him so unmindful are Princes of all past services when after five years exile he made Friends with Artaxerxes and was restored again to his Favour so as to eat at his own Table but soon after he died being 76 years of age whose loss was much lamented by the King and all others Nor did the King himself Artaxerxes Longimanus long survive him but departed this life having reign'd according to Diodorus 40 years according to Sulpitius Severus 41 years according to Ctesias 42 years but the most probable opinion is that he died in the beginning of the 42d year of his Reign being the 2d year of the 89th Olympiad A. M. 3582. and 421 ante Nat. Ch. Ctesias in Excerpris Histor. Persiâ— writes that Artaxerxes had only one legitimate Son by his Wife Damaspia named Xerxes but 17 by Concubines amongst which the three chief were Sogdianus Ochus call'd afterwards Darius Nothus and Arsiâ—es whereof Sogdianus killing Xerxes and Sogdianus himself being put to death by the Army Ochus or Darius Nothus succeeded his Father Longimanus to the Crown Some write that Artaxerxes Longimanus had one Daughter named Parysatis but this is uncertain 5 The story of Themistocles the Athenian who sometimes coming out of Greece convers'd with Artaxerxes c. This Themistocles was a person of great eminency amongst the Athenians who having spent his youth in Luxury and Extravagancy attoned for the same by the great Virtue of his riper years for he first fortified that famous Harbour Piraeeus and afterwards overcame the Persians in a Sea-Engagement at Salamines Plutarch who hath written his Life at large saith that none of the Greeks excell'd him and few equaliz'd him Now the Story which Philostratus here mentions concerning him is this That Themistocles being falsly accused by the Athenians for joyning with Pausanias in a
the Empire Yet nevertheless the most general and most reasonable opinion is that Cyrus alone was the first Founder of the second Monarchy because that whilst Darius lived the Empire was divided betwixt Cyrus and himself for as Xenophon testifies Cyrus out of his liberality and bounty permitted Darius to possess the Kingdoms of Media and Babylon during his life both which after Darius's death he united to his own from which union we may most properly derive the original of the second Monarchy and by consequence attribute its sole foundation to Cyrus It was call'd the Monarchy of the Medes and Persians because the Empire did chiefly consist of those two Kingdoms The principal Enlargers of this second Monarchy were Cyrus the Great Darius Hystaspes and Artaxerxes Longimanus as for the rest of the Kings that ruled it they were so tyrannical and vicious that the Empire suffer'd much under their Government till it was totally subverted under the Reign of Darius Codomannus who being overcome by Alexander the Great lost both his Life and Empire which was immediately thereupon translated into Greece where Alexander began the third and Grecian Monarchy from that fall of Darius Codomannus This second Monarchy of the Medes and Persians lasted from its beginning under Cyrus to its subversion under Darius 228 years wherein there were two Families possest the Empire the first was of Cyrus the second of Darius Hystaspes as for the Family of Cyrus it expired in his Son Cambyseâ— who killing his own Brother Smerdis and committing Incest with his Sisters did afterwards lose his life by a Rebellion of the Magi who pretending the King's Brother Smerdis was not slain set up a Pseudo-Smerdis of their own to reign which was soon discover'd by his cropt ears and made away by the Nobles After which Cambyses having left behind him but only one Daughter Pantaptes and the Empire being left without a Prince to govern it was agreed on by those seven Noblemen Otanes Intaphernes Gobryas Megabysus Aspathines Hydarnes and Darius afterwards call'd Hystaspâ—s who had lately conspired together and destroy'd both the Magi and their Pseudo-Smerdis that from amongst themselves a new King should be elected after this manner viz. that each of them riding the next morning into the Suburbs he whose Horse first neigh'd should obtain the Empire which thereupon as I have shew'd elsâ—where fell to Darius Hystaspes by the cunning of his Groom Oâ—bares who giving his Master's Horse a Mare in the same place over-night the Horse immediately fell a neighing so soon as he came thither again the next morning and so won his Master Darius the Kingdom whose Family was the second and last Race of Kings that govern'd this second Monarchy of the Mâ—des and Persians as appears in this Line of their Succession I. Familia Prima 1. Cyrus the Great 2. Cambyses II. Familia Secunda 3. Darius Hystaspes 4. Xerxes 5. Artaxerxes Longimanus 6. Darius Noâ—huâ—â— 7. Artaxerxes Mnemon 8. Artaxerxes Ochus 9. Arsames And 10. Darius Codomâ—â—nus who was the last of the Persian Monarchâ— and in whose death the second Monarchy was extinct for Alexander the Great robbing him both of his Life and Empire did thereupon begin the third great Monarchy in Greece As for the third Empire or Monarchy which immediately took its rise from the fall of the second it is called the Grecian or Macedonian Monarchy from its 〈◊〉 Founder Alexander the Great who was of Macedon and a Grecian born for he â—aving overcome Darius the last King of the Persians first establish'd this third Monarchy of Greece in the year of the World 3642. aâ—te Christi Nat. 329. This Dominion of Alexander's excell'd all others that had been before for that having annex'd the Kingdoms of Media and Persia to his own Empire of Greece he in the space of twelve years rendred himself almost Master of the whole Universe But this third and Grecian Monarchy lasted not long in this united flourishing condition for Alexander dying without Sons and leaving his Dominions 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to the worthiest occasion'd many Competitors every one in his own esteem claiming a share till after many sharp Contests amongst them four of the most eminent shared the Empire between themselves dividing it into four Dynasties or Kingdoms viz. the Kingdom of Macedon the Kingdom of Asia Minor the Kingdom of Syria and the Kingdom of Aegypt all which were in process of time reduced to the Roman Yoke 1. Asia Minor was conquer'd by the Romans when Antiochus the Great was vanquish'd by L. Scipio the Proconsul who for that Victory was ever after call'd Asiaticus Iustin lib. 31. and Livy lib. 37. 2. The Romans subdued Macedon when Paulus Aemylius the Roman Consul took Perseus the last King of Macedonia Prisoner which was A. M. 3803. and about 156 years after the death of Alexander the Great 3. The Romans conquer'd Syria when Tigranes was defeated by Pompey which was 260 years after the death of Alexander M. Iustin Plutarch Livy 4. and lastly Augustus Caesar added the Kingdom of Aegypt to the Roman Empire upon his Victory over Anthony and Cleopatra reducing it into the form of a Province which happen'd 294 years after Alexander's death Plutarch in Anton. Polem lib. 3. ch 8. So as this Grecian Monarchy lasted compleatly 300 years that is to say from the death of Alexander the Great to the death of Cleopatra 294 years as Ptolemy writes whereunto if 6 more are added for the Reign of Alexander from the death of Darius Codomannus to his own death it will amount to the just and full time of 300 years Arrianus Diodâ—rus Now for the Succession of those several Kings that possess'd the four Divisions of this third Grecian Monarchy they were as followeth I. Over the whole Grecian Monarchy reign'd Alexander M. 6 years beginning his Reign A. M. 3642. II. Over the Monarchy as it was divided reign'd four several Kings the Macedonian Asiatick Syrian and Aegyptian I. The Kings of Macedon were 1. Aridaus the Brother of Alexander M. 2. Cassander the Son of Antipater 3. Philippus the Son of Cassander 4. Antipater and Alexander both Sons of Cassander 5. Demetrius Poliorcetes Son of Antigonus King of Asia 6. Pyrrhus King of Epirus 7. Lysimachus of Thrace Alexander's Officer that kill'd the Lion 8. Ptolemaus Ceraunus Son of Ptolomaus Lagus 9. Meleager one of Alexander's old Officers 10. Antipater the II. 11. Sosthenes 12. Antigonus Gonatas Son of Demetrius Poliorceres 13. Demetrius the second Son of Antigonus 14. Antigonus the second sirnamed Doson 15. Philippus Son of Demetrius the 11 th was overcome by the Romans 16. Perseus the last King of Macedon who being overcome by Paulus Aemyâ—â—us the Roman Consul was imprison'd during life by which means the Kingdom of Macedon coming under the Roman Jurisdiction they were nevertheless permitted to enjoy their freedom till being betray'd into a Rebellion by a counterfeit Philip their Commander the Romans upon that reduced them into a Province
write The Inhabitants of Cappadocia were esteem'd to be of a poysonous nature in so much that if a Snake should draw bloud of a Cappadocian the mans bloud would poyson it 7 Proteus the Son of Oceanus and Thetis esteem'd by the Ancients a God of the Sea for that reigning in the Isle of Carpathio and in Egypt he chiefly inhabited moorish watry places by the assistance of which Waters he preserv'd himself from the fury of the Scythians He sometimes dwelt in the Pharos or Tower of Alexandria It is reported by all the Ancients that this Proteus used when he was asleep to be transform'd into divers shapes into wild Beasts Serpents Birds Trees Water Fire c. from whence arose that Proverb Proteo mutabilior The Author of which Fable Homer is thought to have been for so he writes in his Odysses 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 To the same purpose hath Virgil written Georg. 4. Fiet enim subitò sus horridus atraque Tigris Squamosusque draco fulv◠cervice Leaena Aut acrem flammae sonitum dabit atque ita vinclis Excidet aut in aquas tennes dilapsus abibit Ille suae contra non immemor artis Omnia transformat sese in miracula rerum Ignemque horribilemque feram fluviumque Liquentem Most of our ancient Poets have written to the same effect As Horace lib. 2. sat 3. Ovid Metam lib. 8. and Silius Italicus lib. 7. Horace compares the unconstancy of vulgar people with this of Proteus Quo teneam vultus mutantem Protea Nodo Some report the original of this Fiction to be the Diadem which Egyptian Kings used to wear whereon were engraved divers shapes of all kinds of things Natalis Comes says that this Proteus or as some call him Vertumnus reign'd four years before the Trojan War An. Mundi 2752. and that Paris having ravisht Helena fled to Proteus for shelter which both Herodotus and Diodorus affirm CHAP. IV. Where Apollonius was born also concerning the marvellous Vertue of a certain Water APollonius is reported to have been born in a certain Meadow near unto which there is now a Temple erected to him therefore let not the manner of his Birth be unknown as something worth relating That when his Mother was near the time of her delivery she was admonish'd by a Dream to go forth into a Meadow to gather Flowers which accordingly she did the day following Where having stay'd somewhat long and her Maidens being all dispers'd and imploy'd in gathering Flowers she her self fell asleep in the Grass Whereupon the Swans that fed in the Meadow encompass'd her round in a Circle whilst she slept and clapping their Wings as their manner is fill'd all places round about with a great noise a South-west Wind blowing gently at the same time over the Meadows Now she being awaken'd from her sleep with the singing of these Swans was presently brought to bed of a Boy any fright being apt to make a Woman fall in labour before her time Moreover the Inhabitants of that place say that at the time of her 1 delivery a flash of Lightning fell down from Heaven upon the Earth which was no sooner seen but immediately ascending up on high into the Air it vanish'd quite away This very thing as I conceive portending that the new-born Child should transcend all earthly things and dwell near unto the Gods they foreshewing a brightness above all things below with a vicinity to the Gods and all the greatness this man arrived to Now there is near unto Tyana a 2 Water for Oaths consecrated as they report to Jupiter which the Inhabitants call 3 Asbestos that is to say such as will not be consumed by fire The Spring it self is very cold however it boyleth and bubbleth up like a Kettle over the fire This Water as they say is mild and sweet to the taste and sight of all such persons as are just and careful in keeping their Oaths but unto them that are false and 4 perjured it is a present punishment in so much that having drank thereof it seizeth their hands eyes and feet taking them with Dropsies and Consumptions Nor are they able to depart from thence but abiding by the Water-side they there confess their perjuries and lament their calamity The Inhabitants of that place acknowledge Apollonius to be the Son 5 of Jupiter notwithstanding he himself affirm'd that he was the Son of Apollonius Now in process of time being grown up to those years that are capable of Discipline he soon gave remarkable Testimonies of his great Wit and Memory He used the Attick nor would he so far comply with the custom of the place to use any other He drew the eyes of all men upon him for his incomparable Beauty Illustrations on Chap. 4. 1 T Is well known to all men that have search'd into the Records of ancient Time how necessary it hath ever been esteem'd for Heroes to have a Birth no less miraculous than their Life as it appears by the several Histories of Semiramis Cyrus Romulus and many of the heathen Gods We have a common saying That a good beginning makes a good ending and a miraculous Birth goes half way towards the making of a Prophet A seventh Son because unusual without any Daughters between is naturally born with a healing Hand according to the Vulgars opinion A Prodigy at any persons Birth like a Comet hanging over a Kingdom hath ever been esteem'd an Omen Thus was Plato's swarm of Bees that lighted upon him in his Cradle lookt upon with admiration although perhaps had not his Life been so eminent it would never have been regarded or remembred Now when Poets or vain Historians do tell of such prodigious Births of great persons I conceive that such Wonders may be Lyes that have been added after their Deaths to compleat the strangeness of their Lives since no Story loses by its carrying for every man improving his Talent in those Cases desires to make his Tale more wonderful I have heard the Story of a Bastard-child that being cast off London-bridge in a Hand-basket was miraculously caught and saved by a Boat that was accidentally going underneath The strangeness of this Child's preservation gave many curious persons great expectation what he would come to but he disappointed them all for he was no sooner grown up to be a lusty young Fellow but he was hang'd for stealing verifying that old Proverb He that 's born to be hang'd will never be drown'd This matter of Fact is certainly true and happen'd in Queen Elizabeths Reign But to conclude this Subject I question not but Hierocles in his Parallel did impiously compare this Miracle of the Swans and Lightning at Apollonius's Birth with that melody of holy Angels and new Star appearing at Christ's Nativity as being both equally strange but not alike true For to believe any Stories that are not approved of by the publick Authority of our Church is Superstition
Parents making complaint of this Cruelty to the King his Father he summon'd Cyrus to come before him alledging he was not well Whereupon Cyrus leaving the Command of all his Cities Treasure and Tributes to Lysander the Spartan he began his journey taking along with him Tissaphernes as his Friend and 300 Greeks for his Guard under the Conduct of Xenias the Parrhasian His Father lived not long after his Arrival and in the time of his sickness Parysatis his Wife having ruled him all his life and loving her younger Son Cyrus above her eldest endeavour'd to make her Husband leave Cyrus his Successor as Darius the Son of Hystaspes did Xerxes for that he was born to him when he was a King and the other when he was but a private person However Darius not thinking it just refused to do it and therefore left Cyrus only those Cities whereof he had made him Governour but his Kingdom he left solely to his eldest Son Artaxerxes and so died after he had reign'd 19 years in the 4th year of the 93d Olympiad the 27th of the Peloponesian War then ending A. M. 3600. and 403 years before the Birth of Christ. From the 2d year of this Darius Nothus's Reign Sulpicius Severus Ioseph Scaliger Lively Iunius and other learned men reckon the beginning of the 70 weeks of Daniel Our Author Philostratus differs from all other Chronologers in making Darius possess the Kingdom of Aegypt 60 years Now as Apollonius here accuses Darius Nothus of his indiscreet education of his Children so Plato lib. 7 de Legib. did condemn Cyrus the Great and Darius Hystaspes for the same crime in that they educated their Children so weakly as gave occasion for their future Animosities and Wars 3 Cyrus and Artaxerxes this Artaxerxes the Son of Darius Nothus and Grandson of Artaxerxes Longimanus was in his minority call'd Arsaâ—es or as Plutarch hath it Darses but afterwards he receiv'd for his sirname Artaxerxes Mnemon Artaxerxes from the great vertue of his Grandfather and Mnemon or Memor so call'd from the excellency of his Memory He had many Wives and many Concubines We find mention in Story but of three of his Wives viz. Statira the Daughter of Idarnes Atossa and Amestris his own two Daughters The first of these Statira was poysoned by her Mother-in-law Parysatis for that she had been so great an enemy to her Son Cyrus as also had so great power with her Husband Artaxerxes His second Wife was Atossa his own Daughter whom being moved by the excitements of his own incestuous Lust as well as by the obsequious recommendations of his impious Mother Parysatis he married Plut. in Artax His third Wife was another of his own Daughters called Amestris who was at first married to one Tirabazus but afterwards to this her own Father Artaxerxes Mnemon Some will have this Prince to be the same with Ahasuerus and so give him Vasthi or Esther to Wife but Matthius and other Historians have sufficiently quash'd this erâ—our for Esther was divorced from Ahasuerus which none of Artaxerxes's Wives were Esth. ch 1.19 Also Queen Esther was an Hebrew by Birth which neither Statira Atossa nor Amestris were for they were all Persian Women Esth. 2.17 Plutarch Vitâ Artax writes that Artaxerxes had 360 Concubines whereof Aspasia being the most eminent for Beauty and Wit is the only one that is mention'd by Name she was at first his younger Brother Cyrus's Concubine but when he was dead the elder Brother receiv'd her into favour to the misfortune of his whole Court. Aelian lib. 12. ch 1. Artaxerxes Mnemon had many Children as well legitimate as illegitimate of those that were legitimate three Sons and five Daughters Darius the eldest Son who was executed for a Rebellion Ariaspes the second and Ochus the youngest Plâ—t in Artax Of his Daughters Atossa was the eldest whom afterwards he married Amestris the second whom he also married Sisygambis the third who married her natural Brother Arsames Rhodagune the fourth married to Orontes General of all the Land-Forces in Persia and Apame the fifth married to Pharnabazus Admiral of the Persian Navy Plut. in Artax Oâ— his illegitimate or natural Sons there were many Plutarch saith 160. and Iustin lib. 10. saith 115. whereof only Arsames is mention'd by Name The Ingratitude of his Sons was so great that when Artaxerxes had made his Son Darius King in his life-time thinking to make him sincerer to his paternal Interest nevertheless the same Darius was so inhumane to enter into a Conspiracy with 50 of his Brethren to kill their Father wherein as Iustin observes lib. 10. two things are most prodigious first the occasion of Darius's Conspiracy which was to commit Incest with Aspasia who had been formerly a Concubine to their Uncle Cyrus and was now the same to their Father Artaxerxes And the second thing remarkable is that in so great a number the Parricide should not only be agreed on but conceal'd and that amongst 50 of his own Children there was not one â—ound whom either the majesty of a King reverence of an ancient Man or indulgence of so kind a Father could recall from so horrible an act buâ— this execrable Treason being detected they were all most deservedly put to death together with their very Wives and Children Ne quod vestigium tanti sceleris extaret â—aith Iustin lib. 10. As for Aspasia when the old man first heard their demands he had put her into a Religious House call'd The Temple of the Sun which so exasperated Darius into this unnatural Revenge which soon after broke his Fathers heart Having thus therefore described the several Marriages and Children of Artaxerxes give me leave in the next place to acquaint you with the Dissentions betwixt his younger Brother Cyrus and him occasion'd as I said before by the Legacy of their Father Darius Nothus who bequeath'd to Artaxerxes his Kingdom and to Cyrus those Cities whereof he was before Lievtenant For Cyrus thinking this Legacy unequal as also being encouraged by his Mother Parysatis did secretly prepare to levy War against his Brother whereof Artaxerxâ—s having notice sent for him who pretending his great innocency immediately surrendred himself and was by his Brother bound in Chains of Gold also had been put to death had not his Mother interceded for him as having likewise design'd to have murder'd his Brother whilst he was shifting his Robes in the Temple whereof Tissaphernes was the discoverer But Cyrus being thus dismiss'd did now again begin to levy War upon his Brother not clandestinely but openly therefore with some Auxiliary Greeks to encourage his own Forces he marches up boldly to engage his Brother who was at the head of a far greater number yet nevertheless Cyrus his men and especially the Greeks had the better of the day till by the fatal wound and unhappy death of Cyrus the scales were turn'd some say he receiv'd the wound from Artaxerxes own hand but Ctesias Cnidius who was the King's
own Physician writes that it was given him by a Caunian of mean condition Now Cyrus being thus slain Artaxerxes commanded his Head and his right Hand to be cut off after which marching to plunder his Camp he there â—eiz'd on his Brother's Phocâ—an Concubine Aspasâ—a and took her for his own as I have already shew'd After this the King beginning his March homewards and Parysatis the Queen-Mother being inform'd of her beloved Son Cyrus's death mediâ—ated upon nothing else but how to be revenged on those that were the chief Instruments of it Wherefore the Caunian and one Mithridates being both condemn'd to die each of them for bragging that they had kill'd Cyrus with their own hands because thereby they robb'd the King of that honour which he pretended unto himself Parysatis begg'd to have the torturing of them which Artaxerxes granting her she perform'd with such feminine cruelty that they were 17 days in dying The next Tragedy she acted was upon Megates the Eunuch whom having won of Artaxerxes at Dice she caused to be fâ—ea'd alive for that he was the person who cut off the Head and Hands of her Son Cyrus Afterwards her Revenge fasten'd upon the Queen Statira with whom although she carried it fair outwardly yet she hated mortally partly by reason of her former enmity to Cyrus partly for her great interest with the King her Husband and partly upon the account that she had put to death many of those who by Parysatis's means had formerly murder'd her Brother Terituchmes and her other Relations wherefore being at Supper together Parysatis cutting a Bird in the middle with a Knife that was poyson'd on one side gave that part which was next the Poyson to Statira who seeing Parysatis her self eat of the same Bird suspected nothing nevertheless Statira died of the same with great Torment and Convulsions some time before she died she began to suspect the true cause of her illness and acquainted the King with it who knowing the implacable malice of his Mother soon credited it and thereupon tortured her nearest Servants but she kept one Gygis a waiting Woman who had been accessary to the fact and would not deliver her up to him till at length having notice that she design'd to escape by night he surpriz'd and condemn'd her to have her Head bruis'd to pieces between two Stones which is the Persian Law for Poysoners As for his Mother Parysatis he hurt her not in the least either in word or deed but she desiring to go to Babylon he sent her only with this farewell that then he would not see that City so long as she lived And this is the true state of the domestick Affairs of Artaxerxes Plut. in Artax Xenoph. exped Cyri lib. 6. lib. 7. Artaxerxes after the overthrow of Cyrus sent down Tissaphernes and not Pharnabazus as Diodorus writes to the Sea-coasts to recover them again into his power which belonged to him both by Inheritance from his Father and by Conquest from his Brother all which readily submitted to his Summons Soon after the Greek Cities under Thymbro their Captain-General declared against the King and from a small power grew very considerable and successful chiefly from an Emulation and Dissention between the two Persian Generals Tissaphernes and Pharnabazus which produced frequent Miscarriages abroad and Accusations at home one of another to the King till at last Agesilaus obtaining a considerable Victory over the Persians near the River Pactolus for want of their Foot which was occasion'd by Tissaphernes's absence they accused him to the King of Treachery which Accusation being vigorously prosecuted by Parysatis who bore him a mortal grudge upon the account of her Son Cyrus Artaxerxes made Tithraustes General in his stead with a particular Commission to put to death Tissaphernes which accordingly was done for Ariaeus alluring him to Colossus in Phrygia under pretence of a new Commission for him did there seize Tissaphernes in the Baths and send him Prisoner to Tithraustes who forthwith cut off his Head and sent it to the King also the King sent it as a Present to his Mother Parysatis who greatly rejoyced at the sight Of this read more in Plutarch Xenophon Diodorus and Pausanias Now concerning this King's Reign Historians vary Plutarch makes his Rule to be 62 years others say 55 years others 49. and others 43. or 44. but the most credible opinion is that of Beda in his six Ages of the World and of Eusebius in his Chronicle who say that Artaxerxes for grief of his Sons wickedness died in the 43 d. year of his Reign being Anno Mundi 3610. ante Christi Nativit 361. 4 Artaxerxes the Son of Xerxes whose sirname was Longimanus so call'd à Longitudine manus for that as Strabo tells us lib. 15. his Hands and Arms were so long that standing straight and upright with his Body his Hands reach'd down below his Knees But Plutarch Vita Artaxerx saith that he had one Hand longer than the other excepting which blemish he was the most beautiful man of his time Xerxes the Father of this Prince being murder'd by his Uncle Artabanus left behind him three Sons viz. Darius Hystaspes and Artaxerxes Longimanus at the time of Xerxes's death the eldest and the youngest were resident in his Court but Hystaspes was absent as being then Governour of Bactria Now Artabanus having murder'd their Father went immediately in the dead time of the night to Artaxerxes the third Son and made him believe that his elder Brother Darius was the person that had kill'd his Father out of an ambition to reign himself as also that he had a design upon his life whereupon Artabanus promising him the assistance of his Guards if he would kill his Brother Darius Artaxerxes giving credit to all that he had said did forthwith put Darius to death When this was done Artabanus calling his Sons together told them that if ever they thought to obtain the Kingdom then was the time and that it could only be done by Artaxerxes's death Hereupon they drawing their Swords with a design to kill him Artaxerxes receiving but one slight wound defended himself so bravely that he slew Artabanus on the place as some will have it though others with more reason defer the time of Artabanus's death to whom also seven months in the Empire are attributed by Eusebius Now by this means Darius being slain Artaxerxes came to the Empire in his youth being the 4th year of the 78th Olympiad or in the beginning of the 79th Lysitheus being then Archon at Athens A.M. 3540. and 463 years before the Birth of Christ. Those Authorâ— who write that Artabanus survived his first Conflict say also that he made a second Attempt upon Artaxerxes's Life which design he communicated to Megabyzus who had married the Daughter of Xerxes and for her loose life was fallen into a discontent which Artabanus did as thinking nothing would make a man more valiant and desperate than an ill Wife accordingly Megabyzus
Conspiracy to assist the Persians against their own Country was forced to save his Life by flying into Persia where by Artaxerxes Longimanus the then King he was honourably receiv'd and bountifully entertain'd having three Cities given him one for Bread another for Wine and a third for Victuals to which some add two more for Cloaths and Linen and that afterwards he died a natural death at Magnesia However others write that Themistocles being unable to perform his promise to the King of conquering Greece which by this time had Cimon and many other experienced Captains amongst them poysoned himself for grief But of this see more in Plutarch Cornelius Nepos Thucydides and Valerius Maximus Now for as much as in this Chapter and elsewhere in this Book are written the Lives of some of the Persian and Grecian Monarchs it may not be improper to give you a compendious Account of the Succession of the four Monarchies which although I design for a distinct Treatise hereafter by it self in a general Body of History if Life Health and Peace will permit me may nevertheless at this time prove usefull to such as read the foregoing part of this Chapter Know then that History is the Commemoration of things past with the due Circumstances of Time and Place in distinct Distances Intervals Periods or Dynasties by lineal Descents for the more ready help of Memory and Application And this as the learned Prideaux observes may be divided into Either 1. Ecclesiastical 2. Political 3. Of Successions in States Countreys or Families 4. Of Professions as the Lives of famous men in any Faculty 5. Natural as that of Pliny the Lord Bacon's Natural History c. 6. Various such as we have from Valerius Maximus Plutarch and Aelian Or 7. Vain Legendary or Fabulous such as are comprehended under the Name of Romances But of these the two first being only to my purpose at this time I shall not trouble you with the other five First For Ecclesiastical History that insisteth chiefly on Church-matters and hath precedency before others in respect of its Antiquity Dignity and pretended Certainty Now that is generally reckoned after this manner Beginning 1. From the Creation to the end of the Flood 1657 years 2. From the Flood to the calling of Abraham 367 years 3. From the calling of Abraham to the Israelites departing out of Aegypt 430 years 4. From the Aegyptians coming out of Aegypt to the building of Solomon's Temple 480 years 5. From the building Solomon's Temple to the erecting of the second Temple by Zorobabel 497 years 6. From the building Zorobabel's second Temple to the Nativity of our Saviour Christ 529 years 7. From the Nativity of our Saviour to this present time 1680 years Secondly To Ecclesiastical History thus briefly comprehended Political in the same method succeeds treating of Civil Matters in Kingdoms States or Commonwealths and this is according to prophane Chronology carried along in these Periods Beginning 1. From Nimrod or rather Belus to Cyrus 2. From Cyrus to Alexander the Great 3. From Alexander the Great to Iulius Caesar and the fourth Monarchy beginning 4. From Iulius Caesar to Constantine the Great in whom it ended For thus Historians have ever divided the Series of prophane Story into these four Empires called the Assyrian the Persian the Grecian and the Roman As for the first of these viz. the Assyrian Monarchy it was first begun by Nimrod and destroy'd by Cyrus as for what passed before the beginning of this Empire we have no other account but in sacred Writ wherewith since every one either is or ought to be already acquainted I shall take no further notice of it in this place We read therefore that after the Division of the Earth Nimrod the Son of Chush and Nephew of Cham fixed his Seat at Babel and therein first began that Kingdom or Empire which was call'd by some the Babylonian from Babel the place of the King's Court or Residence by others the Chaldaan from the Countrey Chaldaea wherein the City Babylon was seated and by others the Assyrian from Ashur the Son of Sem who is call'd by prophane Authors Niâ—us and whom Iustin out of Trogus would have to be the first Founder of this Empire as also the first King that made War upon his Neighbours Iustin lib. 1. Now as this Monarchy was at first instituted by Nimrod or Belus which from Iulius Africanâ—s and the best Authors I find to be the same so was it enlarged by Ninus and his Wife Semiramis in whose time it was at the height of glory and grandeur for afterwards by reason of the effeminacy of its Princes it declined till by the ruine and fall of that Monster Sardanapalus who was Mars ad opus Veneris Martis ad arma Venus the Empire became divided between those two Rebels Arbaces and Belâ—chus in whose Successions it lasted till by the death of Belshazzar last King of the Babylonians and of Darius last King of the Mâ—des the whole Empire was again united and so descended upon Cyrus the Great who began the second Empire of the Medes and Persians This first Empire began in the year of the World 1788. it lasted 1646 years and was subverted or translated into Persia in the year of the World 3434. Now the several Races and Successions of Kings that govern'd this first Assyrian Monarchy are as followeth I. Familia Beli. 1. Nimrod or Belus 2. Ninus 3. His Wife Semiramis 4. Ninâ—as or Ninus the II. 5. Arius of whom together with these that follow there is little known till we come to Sardâ—â—â—palus 6. Araliâ—s 7. Balâ—â—â— the I 8. Armatrites 9. Belachus the I. 10. Baleus the II. 11. Altadas 12. Mamitus 13. Mancaleus 14. Shaerus 15. Maâ—â—elus 16. Sparetus 17. Ascaâ—â—des 18. Aâ—yntas 19. Belochâ—s the II. 20. Bellopares 21. Lamprides 22. Sosares 23. Lamparâ—s 24. Pâ—nnias 25. Sâ—sarmus 26. Mitreus 27. Tauâ—anâ—s 28. Teutaeus 29. Tiâ—aeus 30. Dâ—â—â—ilus 31. Eâ—paâ—â—s 32. Lâ—â—sthenes 33. Pyrithidias 34. Ophraâ—â—â—s 35. Ophragaâ—â—â—s 36. Ascrazapeâ— 37. Sardanapalus after whose death the Empire was divided between Arbaces and Belochus Arbaces enjoy'd the Government of the Medes and Belochus of the Assyrians their Successions were are as followeth 1. Arbaces 2. Mandauces 3. Sosarmus 4. Artycas 5. Arbianes 6. Arsaeos or Deioces 7. Phraortes 8. Cyaxares And 9. Astyages the Father of Darius Medus 1. Phul-Belochus 2. Tiglat-Philassar 3. Salmanassar 4. Sennacherib 5. Assar-Haddon 6. Merodach 7. Ben-Merodach 8. Nabopalassar 9. Nabuchodonosor 10. Evil-Merodach And 11. Belsazar For Astyages and Belsazar gave a period to this first Monarchy whereof Cyrus became sole Monarch Now concerning this second Monarchy some will have it that Darius Medus the Son of Astyages began it and that Cyrus Astyages his Grandson by his Daughter Mandana did enlarge and perfect it for that they being both Kings one of Media and the other of Persia when joyning their Forces together they overthrew Belsazar Darius thereupon annex'd Babylon to his part of
for in many places there are Crannies and in other parts certain Knobs like to Hail-stones which do not yield to the Artist But the Teeth of such as live in the Mountains are less than those yet are white enough and capable of being wrought howbeit the Teeth of such as live in the Plains are the best for they are the greatest and whitest also easie to be cut and may with little labour be wrought into any fashion you please Illustrations on Chap. 6. 1 TAxilla a famous City of India in the Kingdom of Varsa situated between the River Indus and the River Hydaspes See Pliny lib. 6. ch 17. Strabo lib. 15. Also Arrianus and Curtius 2 King Porus was a famous King of the Indians against whom Alexander fought and took him Prisoner as both Plutarch and Curtius write after which Alexander asking him how he would be handled Porus reply'd In a Princely manner Alexander then demanding of him if he had any thing else to say I have comprehended all said Porus in that word Princely Whereupon Alexander did not only restore to him the Viceregency of his own Kingdoms but also of many other Countreys It is reported that this King Porus was four cubits and a shaft in height and of bigness proportionable to the Elephant he rode Suidas writes that this King lived on nothing but Herbs and Water 3 Alexander the Son of c. sirnam'd the Greaâ— from the grandeur of his Acts. He was descended of the two best Families in Greece his Father being Philip King of Macedon and of the Lineage of Hercules his Mother Olympias the Daughter of Neoptâ—lemus King of the Molossians The time of his Birth was the first year of the 106 th Olympiad in the 6th day of the Month 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or August according to the Iulian Kalendar The day of Alexander's Birth was famous for several things 1. On that very day his Father Philip obtain'd a Victory over the Illyrians by the good Conduct of his General Parmeniâ— 2. On that very day Philip was declared Victor at the Olympick Games 3. On that same day the Temple of Diana at Ephesus was burnt by Erostratus as say Plutarch in Alexand. Pausan. Sâ—lin ch 49. Cicero de Divinat lib. 2. de Natura Deor. From hence it was that the Magicians deliver'd that Alexander would one day be the Firebrand of Asia As for the manner of his Birth it is said that his Mother Olympia dream'd on her Wedding-night that Lightning fell into her Belly and that there was a great light Fire which dispers'd it self in sundry flames also his Father King Philip soon after he was married dream'd that he did seal his Wives Belly with the print of a Lion which Aristander expounded to signifie that his Queen was with Child of a Boy who should have a Lion's heart Some fabulous Writers say that he was begotten of his Mother by Iupiter Ammon in the likeness of a Serpent wherefore as Philostratus here mentions he was styled by many the Son of Iupiter as in Gyrald lib. 1â—â— Hist. Deor Varro in Fragm also Plutarch Both Alexander and his Father Philip were born in a Greek City named Pella situate in the Kingdom of Macedonia from whence they were called Pellaei as well by Lucan as Iuvenal Vnus Pellaeâ— Iuveni non sufficit orbis Lastly For his Person his Complexion was white inlay'd with red his Constitution hot and fiery his Temper ambitious passionate and hasty his Body of a sweet fragrant odour and his Inclinations addicted more to Wine than Women He was easily perswaded to any thing by Reason but never by Force and that even in his very youth when as Quintilian says Mihi detur ille puer quem laÌ„us excitet quem gloria juvet qui victus fleat As for the manner of Alexander's Education at 15 years of age he was committed to the tuition of that great Philosopher Aristotle under whose Instruction he spent 5 years where he learnt all sâ—ch Sciences as are requisite in a Prince He studied Ethicks Politicks and all other parts of Philosophy even in Physick he exercis'd not only the Theory but Practick administring Physick to many of his sick Friends Leonides was also joyn'd in Commission with Aristotle for the instructing of him nevertheless Alexander had not that affection for any of his Masters no not for his own Father as for his Master Aristotle whereupon being ask'd by one of his Friends why he set a greater value upon Aristotle than upon his Father Philip his Answer was Quoniam à patre accepi ut viverem à praecepâ—ore vero accepi ut bene viverem nay King Philip himself had so great an esteem for Aristotle that writing to him he said Gratias ago Diis non tam quod mihi natus est filiâ—s quam quod eum nasci contigit temporibus vitae tuae spero enim ut à te edoctus dignus existat nobis tanto regno Moreover he rewarded him highly when besides other noble Presents King Philip for his sake restor'd Aristotle's ruined Countrey Stagirâ— The greatness of Alexander's Spirit appear'd in nothing more than in his dexterous manage of that wild Horse Bucephalus which his Father Philip had bought for 13 Talents and which no man living was ever able to ride but Alexander This Horse by his great courage and speed had in several Engagements preserv'd Alexander's life and reliev'd him from the fury of his Enemies till at last being slain by a Dart in his Indian Expedition Alexander in honour of his memory did there erect him not only a famous Sepulchre but also a great City in India which he called after his Horse's Name Bucephâ—lus Pliny lib. 6. ch 20. Strabo lib. 15. Gellius lib. 5. ch 2. Now for the several Alliances which Alexander being of man's estate contracted they were these He had 4 Wives 1. Statira the Daughter of Darius Codomannus 2. Barsine of whom he begat his Son Hercules 3. Parysatida and 4. Roxana of whom he begat his Son Alexander And besides these he had 365 Concubines as Diodorus writes Of all his men Favourites he had the highest veneration for Craterus but the greatest affection for Hephaestion being often used to say Craterus amat Regenâ— Hephaestion autem amat Alexandrum The one loved his dignity the other his person And accordingly he conferr'd honour on Craterus but reserv'd his private familiarity and friendship for Hephaestion Plutarch in Apotheg All his Secrets he communicated only to Hephaestion as appears by that private Letter which having receiv'd from his Mother Olympias he shew'd him and afterwards plucking a Seal off from his finger put it to Hephaestion's mouth thereby importing his secresie in that Affair Plut. in Alexand. Arcanis dictis linguam obsignare memento Dictorâ—m non majus depositum est opibus Lucian in Epig. lib. 3. Antilog Tit. 51. To begin now with the Reign of Alexander the Great we must observe that it lasted
the players thereat were called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to dart or cast out any thing Rom. Antiq Godwin lib. 2. Sect. 3. CHAP. XII Apollonius went with the King to a Feast What manner of Feast it was The Indians Skill in Shooting What Philosophers are in India What in Greece At what year of the Age young men begin to study Philosophy in India That they must be free from all Vice Some are appointed to examine them to see whether they are worthy to be Philosophers which as the King related at the Feast is chiefly to be known from their Eyes Eyebrows and Cheeks WHen therefore they had bath'd they went crown'd to the Feast for that is the custom in India as oft as any drink at the King's Palace It is also worth the while not to oâ—it the fashion of their 1 Feasting which is plainly described by Damis The King sitteth down on a Bed of Leaves and Grass spread on the Ground and near to him some of his Kindred at most but five the rest feast together sitting on Seats A Table is erected in the middle like an Altar about the height of a man's Knees which is able to contain about thirty men round it as a Chorus On the Table Laurels are strew'd and other Boughs like to a Myrtle which produce sweet Oyntments for the Indians use Fish and Fowl are set upon the Table as also whole Lions Goats and Boars with Legs of Tigers for the Indians refuse to feed on the other Ioynts of this living Creature because it is reported that when he is first born he lifteth up his fore-feet â—owards the Sun-rising He that is bidden riseth up out of his own Seat and cometh to the Table where having taken or cut off a piece of that which lyeth on it returneth to his own Seat eating ever now and then some Bread with it When they are almost satisfied with eating Bowls of Silver and Gold are brought in each of which may seem sufficient for ten men to drink off and out of these they stooping down drink as if they were watered at some River As they are drinking they introduce some Sports that are hazardous though full of Skill and Exercise for a certain Lad like one of those that use to dance on the Stage suddenly skippeth out into the middle whilst an Arrow is shot up on high over his Head but he in the mean time tumbleth and as the Arrow is ready to fall on the Earth shifteth very nimbly out of the way as knowing that if he miâ—â—'d but a little in his tumbling the Arrow would fall upon him and pierce him The Archer before he discharge his Arrow carrieth it up and down in his Hand shewing the head thereof to all the Guests permitting any one that is skill'd to try it Moreover they are so expert at Slinging that they will hit to an hair They will likewise shoot so evenly and stick their Arrowâ— so artificially as shall resemble the visage of a young man as well as a Painter could draw it with a Coal These Exercises are practised by the Indians at their Feasts and though they be sometimes drunk yet will they perform them well enough When Damis and his Companions saw these things they were amazed admiring at their great Dexterity in shooting evenly But Apollonius sitting by the King who used the same Diet that he did gave little regard to these Feats but said to the King Tell me O King how 't is you have the Greek Tongue so ready and the 2 Philosophy that you have about you how it came here for I suppose you are not beholden to Masters for it in as much as 't is not likely that there be any Masters of such things amongst the Indians Whereat the King smiling answer'd Our Ancestors asked all them that came in Ships to these Parts whether they were Pirates so common did they think this Vice though so mischievous But you Greeks seem to me to ask them that come to you whether they be Philosophers as if you thought that this which is the divinest of all things among men may without distinction be found equally in all men and I know that this is with you the same thing as Piracy For they say that there is no man to be met with like to you but the most of you having spoyled others of their Philosophy do as it were cloathe themselves with a garment that doth not fit them and walk haughtily in others Robes Also as Pirates who know themselves lyable to Iustice live very luxuriously so in like manner your 3 Philosophical Pirates are found to give themselves up to Gluttony Venery and fine Cloaths Now I suppose your Laws to be the cause of this evil for if any man coyns false money he is put to death or if any man defraud an Orphan or commit any the like crime But there is no Law that I can hear of to restrain the counterfeiters or corrupters of Philosophy neither is any Ruler appointed over these Whereas amongst us there are very few that addict themselves to Philosophy and they are try'd in this manner The young Candidate being 18 years old for this I suppose is ripeness of age with you must come unto those Men near the River Hyphasis for whose sakes you undertook your Iourney into these parts Before them he must openly profess that he will addict himself to the study of Philosophy and they have power to prohibit him if he come not pure And pure I call him first in reference to his Father and Mother if no reproach appear concerning them and then to their Ancestors to the third Generation and upwards whether any one of them were an Injurious Person or Incontinent or an unjust exacter of Gain When no blemish or mark of Infamy is found upon them then a diligent inspection is to be made into the Young Man himself and he is to be tryed first whether he be of a good Memory and naturally Modest not faining himself so to be Next whether he be a Drunkard Glutton Boaster lover of Laughter Railer or Head-strong and whether he be Obedient to his Father Mother and Teachers or whether he abuseth his good Feature And of what Parents every one is born and who were their Progenitors is attested by sufficient Witnesses and Writings which are upon Publick Record For when any one of the Indians dyeth then cometh a certain Magistrate hereunto by the Laws appointed to the door of the Deceased to set down in writing how he liv'd If any one of which Magistrates is taken telling a Lie or erring through the Lie of another by the Laws his Punishment is that he shall never after bear any Office as having depraved the Life of a Man They that are appointed to examine the Youths collect many things from their Aspect For the Eyes discover much of Mens Disposition and much lyeth in the Eye-brows and
his Father he removed his Master to Aegas a City not far distant from Tarsus where was not only a fit accommodation for the study of Philosophy but also such exercises as were suitable to Youth together with the Temple of 3 Aesculapius wherein Aesculapius himself did sometimes appear unto men He there came acquainted with divers Sects of Philosophers having the conversation of Platonists Chrysippeans and Peripateticks He likewise made an inspection into the Doctrine of Epicurus thinking that even that was not to be despised But for the Pythagoreans he had little or no opportunity to learn their abstruse Tenents in that his Tutor was not very studious of that kind of Discipline nor cared much to conform the Actions of his Life thereunto for totally resigning up himself to Gluttony and Lust he rather seem'd to frame his Life after the prescript of Epicurus his name was Euxenus of 4 Heraclea in 5 Pontus As for the Opinions of Pythagoras he 6 knew them no otherwise then Birds do the sentences which they have learn'd from men sometimes uttering such like expressions as these 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 God save you 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 God speed you 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 may Iupiter be favourable to you c. not knowing what they say nor apt for converse with men but only taught a certain modulation of the Tongue Wherefore as young Eagles when first taught to fly by their Parents dare not stir far from their sides but when they are grown strong of wing do oftentimes fly higher than their Parents especially if they perceive them to he given to their belly and stooping after their prey even so Apollonius whilst he was a Child submitted to the government of Euxenus but when he was once arrived to 16 years of age he fell in love with a Pythagorical course of life being wing'd for an higher flight by some better Master Nevertheless he câ—ased not to express his love to Euxenus but having begg'd of his Father an House in the Suburbs accommodated with pleasant Gardens and Fountains he bestow'd it upon him saying Live thou after thine own 7 humour but for me I will conform to the Institution of Pythagoras Euxenus perceiving him to be of so great Spirit asked him how he would begin such a course of Life to whom Apollonius answer'd He would begin as Physicians used to do who having first purged the Entrails prevent some from falling into diseases and cure others that are already fallen into them And having said this he began to abstain from eating the flesh of living Creatures as being impure and stupifying to the understanding Wherefore he fed only on Fruits and Herbs saying that such meats were pure which the Earth did afford unto men He was also of opinion that Wine was a pure kind of drink as proceeding from a mild Plant yet nevertheless he esteem'd it an enemy to the settled state of the mind in respect that it sometimes disturb'd the Air of the Soul Illustrations on Chap. 5. 1 TArsus a City in Cilicia now called Terassa Hama or Hamsa Long. 60. Lat. 38. is at this day possess'd by the Turks and esteem'd to be the capital City of all Cilicia or Caramania Strabo lib. 15. it is pleasantly situated amongst spacious Fields and water'd with the River Cydnus Solinus reports that it was built by Perseus the Son of Danae saying Matrem Vrbium habet Tarson quam Danais proles nobilissima Perseus locavit Solin cap. 14. from whence sings Lucan lib. 4. Deseritur Taâ—rique nemus Perseaque Tarsos Others as Athenaeus lib. 12. will have this City to be founded by Sardanapalus and that it was so express'd in the inscription on his Tomb-stone in these words Anchialen Tharsam uno die à Sardanapalo conditas Strabo called it the Mother of Cities from the great Learning which flourish'd therein surpassing as well Athens as Alexandria In this place resided many great and famous Philosophers of the Sect of the Stoicks as Antipater Archelas Nestor and the two Athenodoruâ—'s Nor is it less famous for being the Country of St. Paul as he mentions of himself when speaking to the Tribune he says Acts 21.39 I am a man which am a Iew of Tarsus a City of Cilicia a Citizen of no mean City As also for that famous Council which was held in it under the Emperor Valent mention'd in Sozom. Hist. Ecclesiast lib. 6. ch 12. This City for its Antiquity was freed from the Roman yoke Now concerning its Name some think it was called Tarsus from the dryness of its Soyl 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifying siccare or because that those parts were first freed from the Waters after Noah's Floud Besides this Tarsus of Cilicia there were many other Towns bore the same Name whereof one was situated in Spain near the River Betis and two miles distant from Corduba being built by the Phaenicians who Traded into those parts Strabo lib. 3. Polybius lib. 3. it was to this City many think that Solomon sent his Vessels with those of Hyram as it is written 2 Chron. 9.21 For the Kings ships went to Tarshish with the servants of Huram once every three years came the ships of Tarshish bringing Gold and Silver Ivory and Apes and Peacocks Hesychius will have Tarsus to be a City of Syria Ptolomy that there is one of that name in Hungary and Strabo that there is a River so called in Trâ—as Also Arrianus that there is a Promontory named Tharsus in Persia. 2 Cydnus a River in Cilicia now called Carasu which issuing out of the Mountain Taurus runneth through the City Tarsus Quintus Curtius lib. 3. speaking of this River Cydnus saith That it is most famous not so much for its greatness as for the clearness of its Water which from its original Fountain runneth clearly thorow all the Country without any other River mixing with it to disturb the pureness of the Stream for which cause it remaineth always clear and cold by reason of the Woods that do shadow all the Banks This River as Vitruvius writes is famous for curing the Gout Cydnum podagrae mederi docet cruribus eo mersis Vitruv. 8.3 however Alexander the Great had like to have received his death from it who as both Curtius and Iustin write when he arrived at Tarsus being much delighted with the pleasantness of the River Cydnus having unbuckled his Armour and being cover'd with sweat and dust he cast himself into the River which was extremely cold whereupon immediately so great a numbness and chilness invaded every Joynt that being speechless his danger boaded nothing less than present death However by the assistance of one of his Physicians whose name was Philip Alexander was recover'd to his health again Iust. lib. 11. Curt. lib. 3. Solinus writes that this River took its name from its whiteness and clearness Quicquid candidum est inquit Cydnum gentili linguâ Syri dicunt Dionys. vers 868. Tibul. lib. 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉
as also his Eyes drawn awry with squinting at Heaven his Nose shrivled up with speaking the godly Dialect is the true Character of the peoples Favourite who think Gravity and Goodness always go together This made not only Philostratus but also the wise Florentine Secretary write that nothing is more conducive to appease a popular Tumult than some grave person of Authority appearing amongst them and so sings Virgil Tum pietate gravem ac meritis si forte virum quem Conspexere silent arrectisque auribus adstant If in their Tumults a grave man appears All 's hush'd and nothing stirring but their ears He therefore who commands in a mutinous Army or seditious City and desires to appease either the one or the other ought in my judgment to present himself with the most grace and advantage that he can adorn'd with all the ornaments of his dignity and whatever else may render him venerable to the people Thus in the year 1505. Pope Iulius the 11th marching unarm'd into Bologna being accoutred with all his Pontifical habits accompanied by his Cardinals array'd in scarlet and carrying along with him the holy Sacrament did with that Formality and Ceremony overcome the wickedest of men Iohn Pagolo Baglione who had been guilty both of Parricide and Incest for notwithstanding his Guards were sufficient to have resisted the Pope yet were not his resolutions strong enough to withstand the solemnity of that Ceremony because as Machiavil observes Men are as seldom perfectly bad as perfectly good Machiav discours lib. 1. ch 27. 7 A City oppress'd with Famine it is no easie matter to appease c. The Causes of Seditions and Tumults saith the Lord Bacon are Innovation in Religion Taxes alteration of Laws and Customs breaking of Priviledges general Oppression advancement of unworthy persons Strangers disbanded Souldiers Factions grown desperate and Dearths or Famines Bacon's Essays ch 15. Now of all these Famine is the most prevailing Motive and that is occasion'd three ways either by War Weather or ill Government First By War when an Army or City through a long siege is reduced to that scarcity of Provisions as necessitates them to feed upon Dogs Cats Rats Mice man's Flesh and the like as we read of the City of Ierusalem when besieged by Titus wherein a bushel of Corn was sold for a Talent and Sinks raked to find old dung of Oxen to eat Also of a certain Noblewoman that sod her own Child for meat Of which you may read more at large in Iosephus de bellâ— Iud. lib. 6. ch 7 8 9 10 11. Also of the Famine amongst the Carthaginian Army Titi Livii Decad. 3. lib. 9. The Famine amongst the Africans Câ—s. Câ—â— lib. 1. The Famine in Câ—esar's Army Câ—es Comment lib. 7. The Famine of the Roâ—ans besieged in the Capitol Livius lib. 5. And many others as well ancient as modern such as was at the siege of Colchester in our late Civil Wars wherein I have heard a great Officer say he once dined at an Entertainment where the greatest delicacy was roasted Horse-flesh a Starch Pudding and a dish of fryed Mice to so great extremities does War oftentimes reduce Secondly Unnatural Seasons or Weather does often produce a scarcity of Bread-Corn even to a Famine In King Numa's Reign the Poet assures us that the Earth answer'd not the labour of the Husbandman but miscarried sometimes by reason of an excessive drought and at other times by reason of too much wet Rege Numa Fructu non respondente Labori Irrita dâ—câ—pti vâ—ta colentis erant Nam mâ—dâ— siccus erat gelidis Aquilonibus annus Nunc ager assidua luxuriabat aqua Ovid. lib. 4. Fast. During the Reign of Valentinian there was so sharp a Famine throughout Italy that Fathers were forced to sell their Sons Vt discrimen mortis effugerent Nov. Titl 11. apud Cod. Theod. Under the Emperor Honorius so great was the scarcity of Victuals even in Rome it self that the cry of the Market was Ponâ— pretium huâ—anâ— Carni Set a price upon man's Flesh. Zozimus 6. Annal. lib. 4. And long before when L. Minutius was first made Overseer of the Corn Livy reports Multos è plebe ne diutinâ fame cruciarentur capitibus oâ—voluâ—is sese in Tyberim praecipitasse What a miserable Deâ—rth was that in Aegypt held by the Ancients to be the Granary of the World when for want of Bread their greatest Noblemen were forced to sell not only their Estates but themselves and become Bondslaves to Pharaoh Gen. 47.23 How universal was that which Agabus predicted and came to pass under Claudius Caesar whereof both Dion and Suetonius bear record with St. Luke Acts 11.28 Also here in England though being an Island Droughts can never much hurt us yet have excessive Rains produced as ill effects for A. D. 1314 about the beginning of Edward the Second's Reign there was so universal a Dearth over â—his Land that a Parliament was fain to be summon'd on purpose to moderate the prices of Victuals and upon St. Laurence-Eve there was scarcely Bread to be gotten for the King 's own Family Also the year following it increas'd so violently that Horses Dogs yea Men and Children were stolen for Food and what was more terrible the Thieves newly brought into Goals were torn in pieces and presently eaten half alive by such as had been longer there Thomas de la Moor. Likewise in the year 1317. in the 10th year of the same King as well the Famine as a general Murrain amongst all kind of Cattel continued no less violent than before Sam. Daniel But to conclude this Tragical Discourse the third and last thing which produces a Famine and scarcity of Victuals is many times the ill Government wherein Monopolies are suffer'd by which means some few rich men engrossing all the rest are left to perish for want as was the case of the poor Aspendians mention'd in this Chapter Wherefore above all things care should be taken that the Treasures Moneys and Manufactures of a Kingdom be not gather'd into a few hands for otherwise a State may have a great Stock and yet starve for Money like Muck is not good except it be spread Now this is done by suppressing or at the least keeping a strait hand over the devouring Trades of Usury Ingrossing great Pasturages and the like Bac. Essays ch 15. 8 Aspendus the third mosâ— eminent City of Pamphylia suâ—ated upon the River Eurymedon was built by the Argives The Inhabitants of this City used to offer up Swine in Sacrifice to Venus because Mopsus at his arrival there vowing to offer up the first thing he met it happen'd to be a Sow Stephanus as also Dionysius vers 851. write that this Town was founded by one Aspendus from whom it derives its Name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Where 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cannot signifie Maritimum as Hen. Stephens renders it unless there be manifest in the Poet 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 For
Tabernacle and Priests of the Old Testament however it is not known who was the first deviser of them Pliny and Solinus report that Alexander when he wan the Camp of Darius found among other Jewels and Spoils a Cask of rich Oyntments that very much delighted him But Herodotus doth declare that it was in frequent use before Darius's time For Cambyses Son to Cyrus sent Embassadors to Aethiopus King of the Macrobians with great Presents whereof a Box of Oyntments was one I know not the certain time when they were first introduced into Rome but we read in Pliny lib. 13. ch 3. Nat. Hist. that the 565 th year of that City Antiochus being vanquished and all Asia subdued P. Livinius Crassus and Iulius Caesar being then Censors commanded that no Foreign Confection of Oyntments should be sold in the City of Rome Pancirollus tells us that the Romans derived this custom of Anointing themselves from the Greeks who after they had washed the Body with Water ever anointed it over with perfumed Oyntments kept in a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Vessel so call'd which they had for that purpose Now the reason of this was as the Scholiast in Aristoph hath it to close up the pores again after they had been opened by the hot weather or by anointing before they went into cold Water to keep out the cold as we see Apollonius did We read also that both Greeks and Romans used to anoint their Heads habent unctae mollia serta comae Ovid. which they did either to keep out any Fumes ascending thither from drink or to open the pores that so they might evacuate the sooner wherefore it was generally used at great Entertainments He that would read more concerning the virtue several kinds and manner of using these Oyntments let him look into Athenaeus Dipnos lib. 3. ch 14 15 c. 7 Baths were used by our Forefathers as constantly before Meals as we use Water to wash our hands nor was there any extravagancy wherein the Ancients did more excell than in that of their Baths So magnificent were the Roman Baths so stately and glorious were their Fabricks that they resembled so many Cities But above all the two most famous were the Antoninian and Dioclesian the Antoninian Baths as Palladius in his Antiq. Vrb. Rom. saith were built by Alexander being of a prodigious height and adorned with great Marble Pillars the Dioclesian which were also of a vast height had 140000 men employ'd for many years together in building them These Baths alone were so capacious as they contain'd for the use of washing 1600 several Seats and those all of polished Marble an accurate description whereof is already given us by Vitruvius lib. 5. ch 10. Agrippa as witnesseth Pliny built during his Aedilship for the free use of the Publick one hundred and seventy Baths and the same Author likewise adds that at Rome in his time their number was infinite And for the largeness some of them saith Olympiâ—dorus were ingenti or as Cassiodorus writes mirabili magnitudine Ammianus lib. 16. saith that their Baths were in modum Provinciarum extructa built in the manner of Provinces Neither were their insides less glorious than their outsides for Seneca in his 86 Ep. lib. 13. describes the common Bathing-rooms to be rather like the Palaces of Princes than places only for the washing off sweat and filth of their Bodies and accordingly Statius agrees in this his description of them Nil ibi plebeium nunquam Temesaea notabis Aera sed argento foelix propellitur unda Argentoque cadit labrisque nitentibus instat Delicias mirâ—ta suas in balneo Etrâ—sci Rosinus in his Chapter de Thermis affirms they used to anoint the very Walls of their Baths with rich odoriferous Unguents and that even of such Baths that were but for the use of Servants Rosin Antiq. Rom. But as Dr. Hakewell observes the most considerable expence about their baths was the charge which they were at in heating the Water especially being so large that one of them contain'd at least ten times so much in compass as the Kings Bath in Bathe and that to be heated so hot as they could hardly endure their Bodies in it which Plutarch testifieth in the 8th Book and 9 th Chapter of his Symposiachs Hakewelâ— Apol. for Provid lib. 4 ch 8. Moreover Plutarch saith that while they were in them they drew in Air that was mingled as it were with Fire and Water whereas in ancient times men could sleep eat and drink in their Baths without over-heating their Bodies Now however some few among them used Bathing for their health sake yet Artemidorus tells us that a Bath in his time was little else but a passage to Supper so as they which eat often wash'd as often it being therefore observed of Commodus the Emperor how often he eat by his Bathing seven or eight times in one day And among the Christians Sisinius a Bishop was censured as intemperate for washing twice in a day Many there have been saith Plutarch in his Precepts of Health who have brought themselves to this pass that they could neither eat nor drink unless they had first either Bathed or sweat in a Stove among whom Titus the Emperor was one as they did testifie who had the cure of him when he lay sick And in the same Book he bringeth in Zeuxippus giving precepts of Diet and perswading men not to think it strange if they come now and then to the Table without having been at the Bath or Hot-house before so common a thing was it in those days at Rome to make use of their Baths before they came to their Meals Many have declaimed against Bathing in excess and some have preferr'd hot Baths and others cold Baths as we see Apollonius did but few have ever decry'd them altogether Clemens Alexandrinus reckons up the several good effects of Bathing as cleansing warming and comforting the Body besides the great pleasure of it Suidas says that Baths are uncertain cures for pains but certain guides to pleasure which agrees with that old Inscription which was written over the Baths Balnea Vina Venus corrumpunt corpora nostra Sed vitam faciunt Balnea Vina Venus Coel. Rhod. lib. 28. Camerarius in his Hor. Succisiv lib. 2. ch 14. demonstrates that the Pagans have been more modest in their Stoves and Baths than many of the Christians were for though under the Rule of that monster Heliogabalus the Baths of Rome were open both to men and women promisâ—uously yet both before and since it was a thing prohibited by the Roman Laws and was then only practised for a time Regis ad exemplum for Romulus the first King of the Romans ordained that whatever man should suffer himself to be seen naked by a woman should dye Plutarch speaking of the modesty of M. Cato writeth That in old time Fathers were ashamed to bathe before their Children and the Father-in-Law before his Sons-in-Law he further addeth that
the North as afterwards the like dissolution of the same Empire happen'd in Asia by the Arabians in the time of Heraclius about the year 640. when together with the Rule of the Empire in the West by the inundation of the said barbarous Nations the Latin Tongue became likewise corrupted The Spanish Tongue as now it is consisteth of the old Spanish Latin Gottish and Arabick as there is good reason it should Spain having been so long in the possession of the Romans Goths and Moors of which the Latin is the greatest part and next to it the Arabick wherefore they themselves call their Language Romance And Breerwood himself says that he hath seen an Epistle written by a Spaniard whereof every word was both good Latin and good Spanish also an example of the like is to be seen in Merula Cosmog part 2. l 2. But the Language of Valentia Catalonia and part of Portugal is much temper'd with the French Now the ancient and most general Language used in Spain before the Roman Conquest without question seemeth to have been the Cantabrian Tongue See more of this in Breerwood's Enqu ch 7. The French Tongue what it was of old remaineth doubtful some thinking it to have been the German others the Greek and some the Welsh But these suppositions were grounded upon an error of thinking that one Language was vulgar throughout all France whereas both Caesar and Strabo record that divers Languages were spoken in the several parts of France Strabo tells us that the Speech of Aquitain had much affinity with the Spanish as also that part in Caesar call'd Belgia upon the Rhine did partake much of the German Tongue And the Celtae who inhabited the middle of France as Hottoman and from him Breerwood are of opinion used as now they do a Language compounded half of a Latin Original and the other half made up of the German Greek and British or Welsh words with an equal proportion of each Of the deduction of the French words from the Greek you may read Perionius Postellus and others of those from the German Tschudus Goropius Isacius c. of the Welsh Lhuid Cambden c. Italy was heretofore divided into many ancient Tongues as well as Dialects according to its several Provinces In Apulia the Mesapian Tongue in Tuscany and Vmbria the Hetruscan now quite perish'd whereof some few Monuments though understood by no man are registred by Gruter and Scaliger in the Book of ancient Inscriptions in both the higher and lower Calabria as also far along the Maritime Coast of the Tyrrhene Sea the Greek in Latium now Campagna di Roma the Latin in Lombardy and Liguria the old French Tongue whatsoever it was And though besides these five we find mention in ancient Writings of the Sabine the Oscan the Tusculan and some other Tongues in Italy yet were they no other than differing Dialects of some of the former Languages as may be easily proved out of Varro Festus Servius Paulus Diaconus and others Now people speak the best Spanish in Castile best French in Blois and Orleance and best Italian in Hetruria The modern Spanish Tongue is near to the Italian and seems to come nearer the Latin than the French but not so near as the Italian The Language of the Spaniards is said to be Manly the Italian Courtly and the French Amorous Scaliger prefers the French Language for its elegancy and sweetness before either the Spanish or Italian But for my own part I have as ill an opinion of the French Tongue as People since the very Language it self is a Cheat being written one way and pronounced another moreover that which they call the beauty and grace of their Language seems altogether tedious and impertinent to me Ioseph Scaliger saith the Latin Tongue was the Mother of the Italian French and Spanish all which in a barbarous manner were called Romanse instead of Roman The German Tongue hath also divers Dialects or Idiomes the chief whereof are the Dutch Saxon and Danish The Slavonick Tongue is the vulgar Language of many Nations in Europe and some in Asia It is also much spoken in the Turk 's Senrail at Constantinople as well as by his Janizaries and Souldiers Now concerning the Antiquity of Languages in general Herodotus lib. 2. tells us that one Psamneticus King of Aegypt caused two Children to be closely brought up by a Shepherd with order to suckle them with Goats Milk and not ever suffer them to hear any humane Voice whereupon after two years spent in this Education the Children utter'd these words Bec Bec having learnt so much from the Goats which the King finding to signifie Bread in the Phrygian Language and not knowing how they had learnt it very weakly concluded the Phrygian Tongue to be the most ancient 12 I pretend to understand all the Languages of men Philostratus herein thinks not only to outvy the Gift of Tongues which the Holy Ghost bestow'd on the Apostles by entitling his Prophet Apollonius to the same power but likewise to exceed them in making Apollonius acquainted with the most secret thoughts of mens hearts CHAP. XIV When Apollonius came into Mesopotamia what Answer he made to one that asked him What Wares he brought along with him concerning Mesopotamia why it was so called and of the Rivers Tigris and Euphrates Also how great the Fortitude and Wisdom of Apollonius was AFter these things coming into 1 Mesopotamia the 2 Publican who was set over the Bridge carried them to the Tole-book and asked them what Commodities they had brought along with them To whom Apollonius answer'd That he brought with him Temperance Iustice Vertue Continency Fortitude Exercise and many other Vertues which he call'd by Feminine Names Whereupon the Publican being intent upon his gain said he would set down the Maids Names to which Apollonius replied You may not do so for I bring them not as Maids but Mistresses Now 3 Tigris and 4 Euphrates running out of Armenia from the bottom of 5 Taurus give the Name to Mesopotamia encompassing the Countrey in which there are some Cities but for the most part Villages The people are 6 Armenians and 7 Arabians who being environ'd with the said Rivers do for the generality wander up and down in Tents without any certain abode They likewise esteem themselves to be so much Islanders that they say they go down to the Sea when they descend to the Rivers thinking those Rivers the bounds of the Land for when the said Rivers have encircled the whole Countrey they evacuate themselves into the Sea There are some who report that a great part of Euphrates is swallow'd up in a certain Lake so that its course is finish'd in the Earth But others undertake a bolder Assertion viz. That after it hath run a long way under-ground it ariseth up again in Egypt and mixeth with the Nile For curiosities sake and that I might not omit any thing which Damis described I were willing thus
Contests as the Rehearsal Transpos'd c. in all which an impartial Reader may discover the several Rogueries if there be any of each Sect whose Pastors though all Christians agree in no one Article so Catholically as in that of paying them Tithes We have a saying That when Knaves fall out honest men come to their Goods and so likewise in these clamorous and verbal accusations when one Sect upbraids anothers Folly a wise man discerning the Folly of both comes to the knowledge of Truth CHAP. XVI Of a huge Lyoness slain by Huntsmen and of eight Whelps found in her Womb also what is reported concerning the Birth of Lyons Likewise Apollonius's Prediction from the Lyoness and her Whelps Also of the eight Birds and their Dam that were devoured by a Dragon in Aulis THey had not travell'd above twenty Furlongs before they light on a Lyoness slain in hunting the Beast was of so vast a proportion as they had never seen before There was a great Outcry of 1 Huntsmen about her as well as of others who from the neighbouring Villages stockt in as seeing some wonderful thing in the Beast And there was indeed a strange thing for her Belly being ript open they found eight Whelps in her Womb. Now it is reported that a 2 Lioness bringeth forth in six months and that but thrice in all her life At the first time three Whelps at the second two and at the third one which last is I suppose more big and fierce than ordinary For we must not give credit to them who say that when the Whelps are grown to perfection they tear the Womb of their Dam and so come forth for that which doth breed and that which is bred seem naturally to be serviceable to one another for the conservation of their kind Apollonius therefore casting his eyes upon the Beast and with-holding his speech a long time at last said O Damis the time of our sojourning with the King will be a year and eight months for neither will he let us go sooner neither will it be easie for us to depart sooner and this I conjecture from the number of the Whelps each of which signifieth a month and the Lyoness her self a whole year for perfect things are to be compared with things that are perfect But what will the 3 Sparrows in Homer say to this answer'd Damis whom being eight in number the Dragon devoured taking also the Dam for the ninth which 4 Calchas interpreted to signifie the nine years that Troy should be besieg'd Look to it therefore lest according to the determination of Homer and Calchas our residence be prolong'd for nine years Whereunto Apollonius reply'd Homer did rightly compare the eight Birds when they were hatch'd unto years but why therefore should I liken unto years such unperfect Beasts as were not yet born and perhaps would never have been born for such things as thwart the course of Nature are either never brought forth or if they be do soon perish But confide in what I have said and let us be upon the march making hereafter our prayers to the Gods who shew us these things Illustrations on Chap. 16. 1 HVntsmen That Hunting is a Princely Recreation we find by the Testimony of Cyrus Alexander and all other Princes both ancient and modern who have used it Also that this Pastime is of great use and advantage to all Princes that follow it we have the judgment of that wise Florentine Machiavil who says in his Prince ch 14. A Prince ought to inure himself to Sports and by Hunting Hawking or such like Recreations accustom his Body to hardship hunger and thirst also at the same time inform himself of the Coasts and Situation of the Countrey c. Hunting saith a modern Author is a Recreation commendable not only for Kings and Princes but likewise for private Gentlemen And as it is a noble and healthy Pastime so it is a thing which hath been highly prized in all Ages for that it trains up youth to the use of manly Exercises in their riper age being encouraged thereto by the pleasure they take in pursuing either the generous Lyon the stately red or fallow Deer the wild Boar the cunning Otter the crafty Fox or the fearful Hare This Exercise neither remits the mind to sloth softness or effeminacy nor if used with moderation doth it yet harden it to inhumanity It is no small advantage to be inured to bear hunger thirst and weariness from our Childhood to take up a timely habit of quitting ones Bed early and loving to sit well and safe upon a Horse What innocent and natural delights are they when we see the day breaking forth with those Blushes and Roses which Poets and writers of Romances only paint but the Huntsman truly courts When he heareth the chirping of small Birds pearching their dewy boughs When he draws in the fragrancy and coolness of the Air How jolly is his spirit when he suffers it to be transported with the winding of Horns and noise of Hounds which leap up and play round about him Nothing doth more recreate the Mind strengthen the Limbs whet the Stomach and clear up the Spirit when it is heavy dull and overcast with gloomy cares than Hunting Mr. Osborn is an enemy to this Sport who from Sir Philip Sidney's example next to Hunting likes Hawking the worst As also the learned Cornelius Agrippa who in his Satyrical Invectives saith Hunting is a most detestable Recreation a vain Exercise unprosperous and unhappy Sport with so much labour and watching night and day to rage and make War against the poor Beasts a Pastime cruel and altogether tragical chiefly delighting in bloud and death And therefore from the beginning it was ever esteem'd the chief Exercise of the worst of men for Cain Lamech Nimrod Esau and Ishmael are reported in Scripture to be mighty Hunters Nor do we read of any one in the New Testament that was given to Hunting nor of any Nations that were greatly addicted to that Sport unless the Ishmaelites Idumeans and other people that did not know God Hunting was the first original of Tyranny which cannot find a fitter Author than such an one as by continual sporting himself in Bloud and Murther has learn'd to despise God and Nature The Persian Kings however esteem'd it as an imitation of warlike Exercises For Hunting hath in it self something fierce and cruel while the poor Beast overcome at length by the Dogs becomes a spectacle of delight in having its bloud shed and bowels torn out at which the barbarous Hunter laughs whilst the foe Beast routed with an Army of Dogs or entangled in a Toyl is carried home by the triumphant Huntsman with a great troop at his heels where the fatal prey is cut up in bloody terms of Art other than which it is not lawful to use A strange madness of such kind of men where they themselves casting off their humanity become Beasts when by perverting
in an honourable manner before them and to offer him no affront Who being come the Eldest man ask'd him what it was that made him thus slight the King whereto he answer'd I have not yet slighted him The man asking him But would you slight him By Jove I may do so said Apollonius if by conversing with him I find him not to be a good and virtuous person Do you bring the King any Presents said the man I bring said Apollonius Fortitude Iustice and the like Do you said the other bring these to the King as supposing him destitute of them By Jove said Apollonius only as to one that shall learn how to use them if he hath them The King saith the man hath by the use of such Virtues both recover'd his lost Kingdom which thou seest and regain'd his Palace not without much Toyl and Trouble How many years is it since he recover'd his Kingdom said Apollonius The other answer'd Two years and two months Hereupon Apollonius raising his voice as he in like cases was used to do said O Keeper of the Kings person or by what Title soever you are call'd 2 Darius the Father of Cyrus and 3 Artaxerxes having possess'd this Kingdom about 60 years when he suspected that the end of his Life drew near is reported to have sacrificed to Iustice and to have said these words O Lady whosoever thou art as having a long time been a Lover of Iustice but not yet knowing her nor possessed her in that he educated his Children so foolishly as that they waged War upon one another and one was wounded the other slain But you though the King perhaps scarcely knoweth how to sit in the Kingly Throne suppose him to have already acquired all kinds of Virtue and so puff him up beyond measure if he become better than he is I bring profit to you and not to my self Whereupon another Barbarian standing hard by looking upon Apollonius said This man was brought hither as a Present of the Gods For so good a man as this conversing with so good a man as the King will make him far better more modest and of a sweeter disposition in as much as he seemeth not a little to surpass other men Wherefore they ran to divulge the good news to all that there stood at the Kings doors a certain Greek who was a Wise man and an excellent Counsellor It happen'd when this News was brought to the King he was offering up Sacrifice in the presence of the Magicians for Sacred Rites are perform'd by their direction wherefore calling one of them he said to him I perceive my Dream is out which I related to you this day when you came to visit me as I lay in bed For such a Dream as this had happen'd to the King He seem'd to himself to be 4 Artaxerxes the Son of Xerxes and that his countenance was changed to be like him Wherefore the King was much afraid lest his affairs should fall into some alteration interpreting to that purpose the change of his countenance But when he had further heard that the Stranger which was come was a Greek and a Wise man he call'd to mind the Story of 5 Themistocles the Athenian who sometime coming out of Greece convers'd with Artaxerxes and did improve the King as well as shew his own worth Wherefore stretching forth his right hand he bid them call in the man that so he might both sacrifice and pray with him Illustrations on Chap. 19. 1 THe Kings Golden Image which if any one refused to worship this manner of Adoration was anciently much used among the Eastern people who paid the highest Veneration to the Statues of their deceased Princes This Ceremony which our Author here mentions was much for the same purpose as our Oath of Allegiance to shew their Respect and Fidelity to the Prince The sacred Images of the Heathens were a great part of their Religion to them they address'd themselves when many times their Imaginations were so much stronger than their Reasons that they fancied they either heard the Image speak saw her Nod or found her Sweat c. like timerous persons who in looking stedfastly on a dead corpse fancy they see its Eyes open or its Lips or Nose move Thus at the sacking of Vrii some of the Roman Souldiers entring into the Temple of Iuno accosting her Image and asking it vis venire Romam will you come to Rome to some of them she seem'd to becken by way of consent and others fancied she said Yes For those men being more then ordinary Religious as Titus Livy infers from the Devotion Reverence and Quietness wherewith they enter'd the Temple fancied they heard that Answer which 't is possible they expected before and Camillus with the other Magistrates of the City promoted their belief The reason why many of these Images have been observ'd to sweat saith Vaninus is either from the warmth of the Air or from Candles melting the colours of the Image or else the Priests did secretly die the Skin of the painted God with the bloud of a Beast or Man or privately convey a small stream of bloud by certain Pipes to the Eyes of the Idol whereupon when the doors of the Temple were open'd the people that came thither were amazed and not understanding or considering the Natural cause of the Event said it was a Miracle Now when any one was in danger of his Life he presently made his address to these Images with Vows Supplications and Prayers then if perhaps he obtain'd his wish he thought himself bound by his Vow to return thanks for it to the Gods otherwise he was declared by the Priest to be guilty of breaking his Vow and if the thing did not succeed according to his wish and the Votary as yet survived the Priests did then inculcate that his own wickedness was the cause why his Prayers were not heard by the Gods Again if a pious man was deluded they endeavour'd to perswade him to acknowledge the mercy of the Gods who chastise in this life those whom they Love but if he that had Vow'd did perish there would none be then left to raise any such objections against the Gods Careat successibus opto quisquis ab eventu c. and by these frivolous Superstitions the Priests deluded the People It 's true some object that Pyrrhus King of Epirus having taken money out of the Treasury of Proserpina Locrensis was punish'd with the calamity of Shipwrack To which it may be answer'd that after Dionysius had robbed the Treasury of the same Proserpina Locrensis he sail'd with a prosperous Gale and jeering the Gods spake to his Companions in this manner See what a prosperous Voyage is given by the immortal Gods to Sacrilegious persons Vanini Dialog 55. Now to pray to to swear by to obey to be diligent and officious in serving finally all words and actions that betoken fear to offend or desire to please iâ— Worship
after Aridaeus had enjoy'd the Title of King 6 years and 4 months Olympias also kill'd Nicanor the Brother of Cassander But Cassander hearing she was arrived in Macedonia marched out of Peloponesus against her he also bribed all the Souldiers of Aeacida as well as Polysperchon's Army on whose assistance she solely depended when she being fled to Pydna he there besieg'd her took her and afterwards put her to death she refusing to fly for her Life And such was the end of Olympias the Mother of Alexander whom she had outlived 8 years In the next place he privately order'd Roxane and her Son Alexander to be slain Now Polysperchon to revenge himself on Cassander set up Hercules the Son of Alexander by Barsine who was a Youth of 14 years of age and had been educated at Pergamus Hereupon Cassander fearing lest the Macedonians should be too well affected to this young Hercules for his being descended of Alexander did by way of Counterplot take to Wife Thessalonice the Daughter of Olympias and Sister of Alexander the Great And this I conceive was the Wedding whereat Speusippus recited his Poems as Apollonius here mentions Afterwards Cassander waged a second War which was against Antigonus and soon after died of a Dropsie himself having reign'd 19 years and leaving behind him three Sons of his Wife Thessalonice viz. Philip Antipater and Alexander who came all to an ill end See Iustin Diodorus Plutarch and Laertius Vitâ Phocion 13 Exercise all the Grecian Games There were four principal Games or Shews in Greece whereof the first and most eminent were the Olympiads the second Pythii the third Istmii the fourth Nemei Now designing to treat of all these separately I shall begin first with the Olympiads as being the principal of the Grecian Games Know then that these Olympick Games were first instituted by Hercules in honour of Iupiter they were celebrated once every five years beginning from the 11 th and lasting to the 16 th day of the first Month. Now an Olympiad which comprehended the space of 5 years was an Epocha of time where by the Greeks reckoned their Chronology for as we count by years and the Romans by their Lustra so did they by their Olympiads beginning their first Olympiad A.M. 3174. from which time instead of saying 26 years they would say the first year of the sixth Olympiad c. Also they receiv'd their Name from their Situation as being near the City Olympia in the Province of Elide Now the use made of these Games was to initiate the Youth of Greece in Feats of Activity for that the greatest numbers of men that ever met upon any such Assemblies used to resort thither some as Spectators and others in hope of Victory The original of this Institution was said to be thus That Hercules with his four younger Brethren Paenaeus Ida Iasius and Epimedes being return'd from the Mountain Ida to Elis proposed a Match of Running betwixt them all only to make Sport also that he who outrun should be crown'd with Olive Branches which accordingly Hercules was he being then the Victor who thereupon from the number of those five Brethren instituted the like Sport to be practised every 5 th year to the honour of Iupiter as I said before Also the Victor was according to the first practice ever after crown'd with Olive which gives Aristophanes in Plato occasion to deride Iupiter's poverty as being unable to bestow a Crown of Gold upon the Victor when instead thereof he presented him with a Crown of Olive Branches Nam magis auro decuit si dives is esset Transl. out of Aristoph Some say that Iupiter himself instituted these Pastimes upon his Victory over the Titans when Apollo outran Mercury In these Games Eusebius writes that Corilus an Arcadian wan the first Prize but Pliny and Isacius affirm that Hercules the Son of Alcumena and not the Hercules before-mention'd was the first Founder and Victor of these Sports and Prizes For the Exercises used at these Olympiads that Epigram of Simonides shews what they were wherein he enumerates 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Et saltus pugnis levitate pedum Atque Palaestra Leaping Fighting Running and Wrestling were the principal Subjects of their Contention notwithstanding they had many others as running Races with Chariots Dâ—sputations betwixt Poets Rhetoricians Musitians and Philosophers Also the manner was then to proclaim Wars or enter Leagues of Peace Of this Subject see more in Cael. Rhodig Natal Com. Mythol Polyd. Virg. and in all the Greek Poets and Historians The second of the Grecian Games were the Pythian so call'd from Pythion a place in Macedonia wherein they were dedicated to the honour of Apollo in commemoration of his Activity in vanquishing the great Serpent Python that was sent by Iuno to persecute his Mother Latona as the Fable saith which Python Strabo lib. 6. expounds to be a bloody wicked man and enemy to Latona whose Name was Draco In these Games the Conquerors were crown'd with Laurel as appears by Lucian and Ovid Huic Iuvenum quicunque manu pedibusve rotave Vicerat esculeae capiebat frondis honorem Nondum Laurus erat Metam lib. 1. The Victor was at first adorn'd with other Boughs but afterwards they made use of the Laurel which Tree was appropriated to Apollo Pausanias in Corinth writes that Diomede at his return from Troy having escaped the danger of Shipwrack did in the nature of a Thanksgiving first institute these Pythian Games which were celebrated once a year at the beginning of Spring as Dionysius in his Book de situ Orbis hath it Instituere choros omnes victoria quando Grata suit cum jucundum ver incipit cum Arboribus dulces nidos subtexit aedon Sic interpr The persons who chiefly frequented these Sports were the Inhabitants of the Cyclades and all the Islanders about Delos Pythia was also the Name of Apollo's Priestess The third of the Grecian Games were the Isthmean celebrated every fifth year in the Isthmus of Corinth from whence they receiv'd their Name They were instituted by Theseus in honour of Neptune as Plutarch in Vitâ Theses testifies Some say they were dedicated to Palaemon the God of the Havens and I conceive that both Opinions may possibly be true for as much as Neptune and Palaemon are sometimes Synonyma in the Greek Poets however they were both Gods of the Sea Neptune of all Palaemon only of the Harbours and Sea-shores In these Sports the Victor was crown'd with a Garland of Pine-tree The fourth and last of the most eminent Games in Greece were the Nemaean so called because they were kept in the Forrest Nemea These Feasts were celebrated by the Argives in honour of Hercules who had so valiantly overcome a Lion in that place and afterwards wore his Skin for his Armour Notwithstanding some say that these Nemaean Games were ordain'd in remembrance of Archemorus the Son of King Lycurgus Now besides these four above-mention'd they
daily Experience inform us of the truth thereof When Sultan Achmet who lived but in the year of our Lord 1613. had 3000 Concubines and Virgins listed in his Venereal Service Purchase's Pilgrimage page 290. Nay in those Countreys the Wives are not all offended at the Rivals of their Bed for as custom hath taken off the shame so also hath it extinguish'd their anger Thus we read in holy Writ that Leah Rachel Sarah and Iacob's Wives brought their fairest Maiden-servants unto their Husbands Beds also Livia seconded the lustful Appetites of her Husband Augustus even to her own prejudice and Stratonica wife of King Deiotarus did not only accommodate the King with a handsom Maiden but also enroll'd the said Concubine for one of the Ladies of her Bed-chamber educating her Children and using all means possible to have them succeed in his Thronâ— of so base a Spirit was Queen Stratonica Again Princes have been as often ruined by their Wives as by their Concubines Thus Livia is infamous for the poysoning of her Husband Roxalana Solyman's Wife was the destruction of that renowned Prince Sultan Mustapha and otherwise troubled his House and Succession Edward the Second of England his Queen had the principal hand in the deposing and murther of her Husband Now this kind of danger is then chiefly to be fear'd when the Wives have Plots either for the raising of their own Children or for the promoting of their own new Religion or else when they be Advowtresses of all which her differing from her Husband in Religion whether she be Wife or Concubine renders her the most dangerous for then she looking upon him as out of the reach of God's mercy can think nothing an injury to his person or a loss to his Estate if her ghostly Fathers are pleas'd but to encourage her Lastly Upon another account Women have many times been the destruction of States Nam fuit ante Helenam Cunnus teterrima Belli Causa Horat. Lib. 1. Sat. 3. Paris his Robbery committed upon the Body of the fair Helena Wife to Menelaus was the original cause of that fierce War between the Greeks and Trojans the Rape of Lucreece lost the Tarquins their Government the Attempt upon Virginia was the ruine of the Decem-viri the same arm'd Pausanias against Philip of Macedon and many other Subjects against many other Princes in so much that Aristotle in his Politicks imputes the abomination of Tyranny to the injuries they do to people on the account of Women either by Debauchments Violences or Adulteries and this he delivers the rather for that no one Vice reigns more amongst Princes than this of Venery Semiramis is said to have had conjunction with a Horse and Pericles to have begun the Peleponesian War for the sake of Aspasia the Socratick Curtezan Iuda the Iewish Patriarch was a Fornicator and Sampson one of the Judges of the people of God married two Harlots Solomon the wisest King of the Iews kept whole Troops of Curtezans Sardanapalus that great Assyrian Monarch lost his Kingdom for a spinning-Wheel and a Whore Iulius Caesar the Dictator was called the Man of Women Mark Anthony was ruined by Cleopatra and Thalestris Queen of the Amazons march'd 35 days Journey through strange Countreys only to request Alexander the Great to lye with her which having obtain'd she returned home again well satisfied Much such another was Ioan Queen of Naples of fresher memory as also Pope Ioan which though denied by modern Papists I find confirm'd in some Books I have now by me that were both written and printed before the Reformation as for instance Polycronicon and another old great Chronicle entituled Chronicon Chronicorum Again Queen Pasiphae was another Example of Lasciviousness Heliogabalus much advanced the Art of Bawdery and Domitian is reported to have acted Sodomy with a Bull. And many other great persons were there whom History mentions that forsook their noble Enterprizes for the Snares of Love as did Mithridates in Pontus Hannibal at Capuâ— Caesar in Alexandria Demetrius â—n Greece and Anthony in Egypt Hercules ceas'd from his Labours for Iole's sake Achilles hid himself from the Battel for Love of Briseis Circe stays Vlysses Claudius dies in Prison for Love of a Virgin Caesar is detain'd by Cleopatra and the same Woman ruined Anthony For being false to their Beds Clytemnestra Olympia Laodicea Beronica and two Queens of France called Fregiogunda and Blanch as also Ioan Queen of Naples all slew their Husbands And for the very same reason Medea Progne Ariadne Althea and Heristilla changing their maternal Love into Hatred were every one the cause and plotters of their Sons Deaths 3 Nay if he be not a very Coward he will kill himself c. All things are importuned to kill themselves and that not only by Nature which perfects them but also by Art and Education which perfects her Plants quickned and inhabited by the most unworthy Soul which therefore neither will nor work affect an end a perfection a death this they spend their Spirits to attain this attain'd they languish and wither And by how much more they are by man's Industry warm'd cherish'd and pamper'd so much the more early they climb to this perfection and this death And if amongst men not to defend be to kill what a hainous self-murder is it not to defend it self This defence because Beasts neglect they kill themselves in as much as they exceed us in Number Strength and lawless Liberty yea of Horses and other Beasts they that inherit most courage by being bâ—ed of gallantest Parents and by artificial Nursing are better'd will run to their own Deaths neither solicited by Spurs which they need not nor by Honour which they apprehend not If then the Valiant kill himself who can excuse the Coward Or how shall man be free from this since the first man taught us this except we cannot kill our selves because he kill'd us all Yet lest something should repair this common Ruine we daily kill our Bodies with Surfets and our Minds with Anguishes Of our Powers Remembring kills our Memory of Affections Lusting our Lust of Vertues Giving kills Liberality And if these kill themselves they do it in their best and supream perfection for after perfection immediately follows excess which changing the Natures and the Names makes them not the same things If then the best things kill themselves soonest for no Affection endures and all things labour to this perfection all travel to their own death yea the frame of the whole World if it were possible for God to be idle yet because it began must die Then in this Idleness imagined in God what could kill the World but it self since out of it nothing is Donn's Paradoxes The two chief Objections against self-Homicide are the Law of God commanded in the Scriptures and the Law of Nature which obliges every man to self-Preservation As for the first of these I refer you to that excellent Treatise entituled 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉
rude or barbarous And so speaks the Prophet Isaiah of the Medes and Persians ordain'd for the laying waste of Iudeâ— Giants shall come and execute my fury upon you So that if we rest in this Interpretation there is no necessity we should conceive these Giants to have exceeded other men in stature Of the same opinion is St. Chrysostome who says Gigantes à Scriptura diâ—i opinor non inusitatum hominum genus aut insolitam formam sed Heroas viros fortes bellicosos However that some few men there have been of a prodigious stature cannot be deny'd such in the Times of Abraham Moses Ioshua and David are registred under the Names of Rephaimâ— Zuzims Zanzummins Emims and Anakims Also the Prophet Amos found among the Amorites men of Giant-like stature whose heighth is compared to the Cedars and their strength to Oâ—ks Such also were Og the King of Basan and Goliah the Philistin of Gah The like hath been found in all succeeding Ages Florus lib. 3. ch 3. mentions a Giant named Theutâ—bocchus King of the Teutones in Germany vanquish'd by Marius the Roman Consul about 150 years before Christ as a spectacle full of Wonder being of so excessive an height that he appear'd above the Trophies themselves when they were carried on the tops of Spears Pliny tells us that during the Reign of the Emperor Claudâ—us was brought out of Arabia to Rome a mighty man named Gabbara who was nine foot and nine inches high There were likewise in the time of Augustus Caesar two other named Pusiâ— and Secondilla higher than Gabbara by half a foot whose Bodies were preserv'd and kept for a Wonder within the Salustian Gardens Maximinus the Emperor as Iulius Capitolinus affirms exceeded eight foot and Andronicus Comninus ten as Nicetas writes Melchior Nunnez in his Letters of China reports in the chief City call'd Pagvin the Porters are fifteen foot high In the West-Indies in the Region of Chica near the mouth of the Streights Ortelius describes a people whom he terms Pentagones from their huge stature being ordinarily seven foot and an half high whence their Countrey is known by the Name of the Land of Giants Of this Subject see more in Hackinit's and Smith's Voyages and Pureas's Pilgrims as also in Hakwil's Provid of God 5 Five Cubits A Cubit is commonly held to be the length of the Arm from the Elbow to the end of the middle Finger or after the Anatomists to the Wrist of the Hand Of this sâ—e all Authors that treat of the Weights and Measures used among the Ancients 6 Mimas a Mountain of Ionia call'd at this day Capo Stillari it is situate near the City Colophon and over against the Isle Chius 7 Thales the Milesian Son of Examius and Cleobulina was the first Founder of ancient Philosophy in Greece He was born at Miletus the chief City of Ioniâ— in the 35th Olympiad as Laertius informs us out of Apollodorus yet others make him to be not a Milesian but Phaenician by birth Tâ—ste Euseb. lib. 10. prâ—par ch 2. and Hornius Histor. Philos. l. 3. ch 12. Pliny lib. 2. says that he lived in the time of Alyattis and Cicero lib. 1. de Divinat tells us that he lived under Asâ—yâ—ges both of which Relations agree in as much as these two Kings wag'd War each against other as Vossius de Philosoph sectis lib. 2. ch 5. Hyginus in his Poetico Astronomico treating of the lesser Bear speaks thus Thales who made diligent search into these things and first call'd this lesser Bear Arctos was by Nation a Phaenician as Herodotus says which well agrees with these words of Herodotus Halicarnass 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. This was the opinion of Thales the Milesian by his Ancestors a Phaenician i. e. He himself was born at Miletus but his Ancestors were Phaenicians So Vâ—ssius de Histor. Graec. l. 3. That Thales was of a Phaenician Extract is also affirm'd by Diâ—genes Laertius and Suidas So in like manner Vossius de Philosoph Sect. lib. 2. ch 1. says that Thales who founded the Iâ—nick Philosophy drew his Original from the Phaenicians whither he travell'd from Phaenicia to Miletus with Neleus and there was made a Citizen of that place Some say that Thales travell'd into Phaenicia and brought from thence his knowledge of Astronomy particularly his Observations of the Cynosura or lesser Bear as Pliny lib. 5. ch 17. That Thales travell'd into Asia and Aegypt to inform himself in the Oriental Wisdom he himself affirms in his Epistle to Pherecydes Laert. lib. 1. That the Grecian or Ionick Philosophy owes its Original to Thales is generally confess'd for he travelling into the Oriental Parts first brought into Greece Natural Philosophy the Mathematicks Geometry Arithmetick Astronomy and Astrology whereupon was conferred on him that swelling Title of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. The wise man About which time the same Title was conferred on six others for their more than ordinary skill in Moral Philosophy and Politicks viz. on Chilo the Lacedemonian Pittacus the Mitylenian Bias the Prienean Cleobulus the Lindian Periander the Corinthian and Solon the Athenian who with Thales made up the seven wise men of Greece of whom see Diogenes Laertius The Wisdom of these 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was for the most part Moral tending to the government of humane Conversation which they wrapped up in certain short Aphorisms or Sentences as appears by Quintilian l. 5. ch 11. These Sentences that they might have the greater Authority and seem to be derived from God rather than from men were ascribed to no certain Author Whence that famous Sentence 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Nosce teipsum was ascribed by some to Chilo by others to Thales Concerning Thales Apuleius 18. Flor. gives this honourable Character Thales the Milesian of those seven wise men mention'd will easily be granted to have the pre-eminence as being the first inventer of Geometry amongst the Greeks the most certain finder out of the nature of things and the most skilful contemplator of the Stars by small Lines he found out the greatest things the Circumferences of Times the Flâ—tus or blowings of Winds the Meatus or small passages of the Stars the miraculous sounds of Thunder the oblique courses of the Stars the annual Returns or Solâ—tices of the Sun the Increases of the new Moon and Decreases of the old also the Obstacles which cause the Eclipse He likewise in his old age found a divine account of the Sun how often i. e. by how many degrees the Sun by its magnitude did measure the Circle it passed thorow thus Apuleius See more of the same in August de Civit. Dei lib. 8. ch 2. and Lud. Viâ—es Now to come to the particulars of Thales's Philosophy 1. In his disquisition of the natural Causes of things he conceiv'd Water to be the first principle of all natural Bodies whereof they consist and into which they resolve see Stobaeus placit Philosoph 2. He
Creature saith Topsel which hath so great demonstration of the Power and Wisdom of God as the Elephant both for proportion of body and disposition of spirit which though like a living Mountain for bulk no little Dog is more easily handled and rendred more serviceable tame or tractable These Beasts saith Pliny lib. 8. ch 11. are usually bred in hot Eastern Countreys for not being well able to endure cold they delight most in the East and South as India and some Parts of Africa Before the days of Alexander the Great there were never any Elephants in Europe but he fighting against Porus King of India wan several Elephants from him How many wounds these Beasts receiv'd and how bravely they fought for their Masters Curtius hath related lib. 8. The Indian Elephants are most commonly nine cubits high and five cubits broad but in Africa they be about eleven foot high and of bigness proportionable to their height Their Colour is for the most part of a Mouse-dun or black yet there was once one seen in Aethiopia all white And in Pegu the King hath many of that colour it being part of his Title King of the white Elephants Purchas Pilg. lib. 5. They have a Skin so hard excepting on their Belly that it is almost impossible to pierce it with any Sword or Spear It hath on it very few hairs and is full of Chaps or Crevises wherein there is such a savour as invites the Flyes to a continual Feast when by shrinking of his skin together he incloses them and kills them not being able to drive them away with his Tayl. He hath a long trunk Nose and mighty Teeth whereof four being within his mouth servâ— to grind his meat and two hang down from his upper Jaw He hath a Tayl slender and short like â— Rat but his Legs of an infinite strength His Head is very large but his Ears small like the Wings of a Bat and some have no Ears at all Their Eyes are like the Eyes of Swine but very red Of their Teeth our Ivory is made His two chief Enemies are the Dragon and the Mouse call'd Rhinocero which last destroys him by running up his Trunk The Elephants are long-lived some being almost 200 years old For the manner of taking them Muâ—ster saith it is by cutting down a Tree against which they use to 〈…〉 they sleep Another way whereby they use to take them is by setting wild Elephaâ—â—â— to fight with those that are tame when in the mean while during the combate they â—etter and ensnare them These Creatures are said to be so modest and bashful that the Male never covereth the Female but in secret and that never but once in two years when the Male is five years old and the Female ten Of this see more in Topsel Gesâ—er Purchase and Swan's Speculum Mundi also Maffaeus lib. 1. CHAP. VI. That there are three sorts of Elephants Of an Elephant above four hundred years old and that he had sometimes fought for King Porus against Alexander Also of another Elephant call'd Ajax taken four hundred years after a certain War in Lybia Their Opinion untrue who would have the Teeth of Elephants to be rather Horns than Teeth Finally what Teeth are blewish what white what great what small and what easie to be cut MOreover that they had heard how some Elephants live in the Fens others in the Mountains others in the Plains that they are taken for the use of War and fight with Turrets on their backs wherein ten or fifteen Indians do stand and out of them as out of Forts they throw Darts or discharge Arrows against the Enemies The Beast himself accounteth his Trunk as his Hand and useth it to dart things away from him And as much as a Lybian Elephant is bigger than a Nysaean Horse so much is an Indian Elephant bigger than an Elephant of Lybia As for the Age of Elephants and that they are very long lived is recorded by others But they say they lighted on an Elephant near 1 Taxilla the greatest of all the Cities in India whom the Natives anointed and crown'd with Garlands for that it was one of them that fought for King 2 Porus against Alexander which for the ready service that he perform'd in that Battel Alexander consecrated to the Sun He hath also golden Chains about his Teeth or if you had rather call them so his Horns and on the Chains these Greek Letters inscribed 3 Alexander the Son of Iupiter dedicateth Ajax to the Sun For this Name Ajax he gave to the Elephant as beautifying him being great with a great Name Now the Natives conjecture that it was about 350 years from the abovesaid Fight not relating withal how old the Elephant was when he fought in the Battel But Juba who sometimes reign'd over the Lybians reporteth that the Lybian Riders mounted on Elephants did on a time fall together by the ears and that the one party of the Elephants had a Tower graved on their Teeth but the other had nothing graved on theirs Now when the night grew on and gave a period to the Fight that party which had the Tower graved on their Teeth being worsted fled into Mount Atlas one whereof he took 400 years after and found the mark hollow in his Teeth not worn out by time The said Juba supposeth that they ought rather to be call'd the Horns than the Teeth of Elephants in that they grow out of their Temples And for that they fasten them not on any other thing they likewise abide the same that they grew at first without any shedding or growing again like Teeth But I assent not to those Reasons for Horns if not all yet at least those of Elephants shed and grow again But as for Teeth indeed those of men do shed and grow again nevertheless there is no Beast whose Teeth fall out of themselves being double or standing out or come again in the place of them that fall out for Nature hath implanted the Teeth in their Gums to serve them instead of Arms. Besides the Horns do every year draw as it were a certain Circle about their roots like Sheep Goats and Beeves The Teeth spring up very smooth and unless they be broken remain so perpetually for they seem to partake the matter and substance of a Stone likewise those living Creatures only have Horns which part the Hoof. But an Elephant hath five Claws and a Foot parted into many clefts that he may not fasten his foot deep in the ground when he standeth in a moist place Furthermore Nature giving hollow Bones to horned Beasts produceth likewise outwardly a Horn whereas the Bones of Elephants are full and every where alike so that if any one open them and inspect the middle of them he shall find in the midst a little hole such as is wont to be in Teeth As for the Teeth of such Elephants as live in the Fens they are blewish porous and hard to be wrought
12 whole years whereof the first six were only over the Kingdom of Macedon the rest over the whole Empire King Philip being slain by Pausanias out of a private revenge young Alexander succeeded to his Kingdom in the 20th year of his Age when he had no sooner settled himself in his Throne and finish'd his Father's Exâ—quies but was surrounded with Troubles on every side from his Neighbours who thought to take the advantage of his Youth to dispossess him of his Kingdom as did the Athenians in their Conspiracy with Attalus also the rest of the Barbarians who were subject to the Kingdom of Macedon Whereupon Alexander first reduced the Barbarians near the River Danubius where in a great Battel he overthrew Syrmus King of the Triballians 2. Having understood that the Thebans revolted from him his next Expedition was against Thebes as well as against the â—thenians who were in Confederacy with the Thebans against both these he proved very successful the stubborn Thebanâ— refusing all oâ—â—â—rs of kindness from Alexander were together with their City utterly ruin'd and destroy'd whereas the Athenians rendring themselves upon discretion and imploring remission for their faults were again receiv'd into his favour it is remarkable in the subversion of Thebes that Alexander shew'd his generous esteem of Vertue and Learning when he preserv'd and pardon'd the vertuous Lady Timoclea the whole Family of Poet Pindorus together with all the Priests and Religious Orders excepting which he sold all the rest for Slaves 3. By this means Alexander having settled all his Affairs at home and being unanimously elected General of all Greece a Council of War was call'd in order to the enlarging his Empire abroad wherein it was resolv'd that his next attempt should be upon Asia when being interrupted his passage at the River Granicus by some Forces of Darius Codomannus King of Persia he there overthrew the Persians and forraged all Phrygia and the Asian shoar even to Cilicia also Diodorus writes that he at that time subdued all Caria Diod. lib. 17. And that in the City Gordius in Phrygia not being able to untye the Bark which was wreath'd about the Chariot he cut the knot asunder with his Sword thereby fulfilling as he thought that Prophesie which said that he who could undo that knot should conquer all the World 4. After this Alexander conquer'd the Paphlagonians and Cappadocians also was inform'd of the death of Memnon Darius's Admiral at Sea upon whom the Persians chiefly depended for their success against Alexander Nevertheless Darius King of Persia highly resenting the Defeat which his Forces receiv'd at the River Graniâ—us resolv'd to revenge it himself in person accordingly he levy'd an Army of 600000 fighting men which he rendezvous'd at Susa when in the mean while Alexander remaining a long time in Cilicia by reason of a Sickness befallen him with drinking of the River Cydnus when he was hot Darius not knowing the occasion of his delay supposed it to have been out of fear whereupon he began to march his whole Army towards Cilicia in order to his encountring Alexander At the same time Alexander moved towards Syria upon the like design to meet with Darius in the night when happening both to miss of one another the next day they both return'd to their several Posts Now Dariuâ— having contrary to the advice of Amyntas encamp'd himself in the Streights and Valleys between the Mountains presented Alexander with great advantage of ground which put Darius upon a necessity of engaging or not engaging according as his Enemies pleas'd being on every side encompass'd with the Macedonian Forces from the Hills in so much that Alexander with a much smaller Army than that of his Enemies put Darius to flight killing above 110000 of his men seizing on all the Persian Camps wherein besides the incredible Riches he took Prisoner Sisigambis the Mother Statira the Wife and two Daughters of King Darius whom he treated with all the civility imaginable This Battel was sought at Issus wherein Alexander himself received a wound in his Thigh and as some say from the very hands of King Darius Plutarch Arrianus Curtiâ—s Diodorus 5. After this success against Darius Alexander sent to the City Damas to surrender all the Men Women Children and Treasure that did therein belong to the Persians which accordingly was done he likewise to make himself Master of the Sea-coasts summon'd all the Kings of Cyprus and Phaenicia to deliver into his hands Phaenicia and the maritime Parts adjacent which was immediately perform'd all save the City of Tyre against which he began a strong Siege both by Land and Sea annoying them with 200 Galleys till at last after a seven months Siege he became Master of the City of Tyre 6. During this Siege he with another part of his Army made War upon those Arabians that dwell on the Mount Antilaban whom he overcame though not without much danger to his person occasion'd by his kindness to his Tutor Lysimachus as Plutarch saith 7. His next Expedition was against the City Gaza the chief City of Syria which he wan after having receiv'd two wounds in his Arm and Shoulder Diâ—dor lib. 17. Curtius lib. 4. Plut. in Alexand. Then he resolv'd to march up against Ierusalem and lay it waste from which design he was averted by the submissive prayers and entreaties of Iaddus their High-Priest 8. About this time it was that Alexander having conquer'd all Asia on that side the River Euphrates Darius sent Ambassadors to him to require his friendship and offer him 10000 Talents for the ransom of his captive Persians and such Territories as did formerly belong unto him which offers Alexander refusing Darius began a third Expedition against him having gather'd together an Army of 1000000 fighting men In the mean while Alexandâ—â— was imploy'd in conquering Egypt wherein after his conquest of that Kingdom he erectâ—â— that famous City call'd after his own Name Alexandria Now intelligence being brought to Alexander of the new War which Darius intended against him he began his March to meet him at the River Euphrates the place where this Battel was fought is as some say Arbela though Plutarch saith Gausameles where both Armies being engaged Parmenio Alexander's Lievtenant was at the first onset forced to retire also the Macedonian Baggage in danger of being taken by the Bactrians till Alexander himself coming into his relief with the main body of his Army gave so brisk a Charge upon the Persians that they soon betook themselves to flight also Darius himself was forced to fly for his life Alexander being thus flesh'd with Victory march'd forward into the Countrey of Babylon and Ecbatan where â—e made himself Master of the City Susa from thence Alâ—xaâ—deâ— proceeded into Persia whither Dariuâ— was fled putting all men that opposed him to the Sword burning the Palâ—ce of the Persian King 's Persepolis at the instigation of Thaâ—â— the Strumpet 9. Alexander continuing his pursuit after Darius Bessus in hopes of
a reward from Alexander conspired with Nabâ—â—â—anes Captain of Darius's Guard to take their Master Prisoner which accordingly they did when fettering him with golden Chains and putting him in â— Chariot Daâ—ius immediately died of the wounds he had receiv'd from the Conspirators Soon after Alexander having notice of Darius's death was much troubled thereat and highly offended at the Traytors in so much that he immediately commanded Bessus to be torn in pieces which was instantly perform'd as also the Corps of Darius nobly interr'd and Exathrâ—s Darius's Brother made one of Alexander's chief Favourites 10. Thus in six years Reign Alexander having acquired to himself the universal Monarchy of all that side of the World and having firmly establisht under his Command the Government of those Territories which did formerly belong to Darius his next progress was into Parthia where some of the wild Natives robbing him of his Horse Bucephalus he vow'd to destroy the Inhabitants Man Woman and Child unless they did forthwith make restitution of his Horse and render themselves to his mercy which being accordingly done he march'd on into Scythia where passing over the River Orexartes he overthrew the Scythians in a Battel At this place it is said that Thalestriâ— Queen of the Amazons â—â—me to Alexander out of a desire to be got with Child by so brave a Prince which request he generously granted admitting her to his Bed for ten days together Curtius lib. 6. Iustin lib. 12. Now Alexander had not been thrâ—â— years thus possess'd of the third Grecian Monarchy which may be reckon'd from Dariâ—â—'â— Defeat but he resolves on an Attempt upon Iâ—dia in order whereunto having levy'd a numerous Army he began his March towards the River Indus from thence to the City Nysa which he soon reduced then marching on forward into India an Indian King Taxiles whose Countrey was not inferior to Egâ—pt made a voluntary Alliance with Alexander who readily embraced his friendship for that by this means he not only increas'd his Army but also was by Taxiles his advice throughly inform'd both of the nature of the Countrey its most easie and safe passages as well as of the Riches and Strength of King Porus the chief Indian King against whom Alexander had undertaken this Expedition Now Alexander understanding that King Porus with a vast Army of Men Horses Chariots and Elephants 〈◊〉 as encamp'd near the River Hydaspes immediately marched thither to meet him where passing over the River in the night he forthwith gave Battel to the Indians and overthrew them taking King Porus himself Prisoner who was four cubits and a shaft high In this Battel were subdued the Inhabitants of 15 several Nations 5000 eminent Cities besides an infinite number of Villages and thrice as many other Nations saith Plutarch In this Encounter it was that Bucephalus the Horse of Alexander lost his life 11. After this great Victory obtain'd having settled his Affairs amongst the Indians and built two Cities upon the River Hydaspes the one call'd Nicaeus in commemoration of his late Conquests and the other Bucephalia in honour of his beloved Horse who was slain in that very place he began his March forwards when being arrived at the River Ganges he call'd his Souldiers together and exhorted them to pass over the River chearfully but many of his Army with tears in their eyes requested him to put an end to his Wars whereupon he proceeded no farther but return'd back from the River without passing it Notwithstanding in his March homewards being opposed by the Mallians the most warlike people of India he besieged the City of Mallia in which Siege the person of Alexander was in greater danger than ever as well by a Fall from a scaling Ladder as â—y several other desperate wounds receiv'd from their Darts From hence Alexander return'd to Susa where he disbanded great paâ—t of his Army reserving only a Guard du Corps for his person and from Susa he march'd to Ecbatan in Media where he diverted himself with all manner of Sports and Recreations in which place his beloved Hephaestion died whose death was so much lamented by Alexander that he crucifi'd his Physician Glauciâ—â— 12. From Media he removed to Babylon where after having convers'd with all the wise men of those Parts he tasted of the highest perfection of humane Happiness indulging himself therein till at last being seiz'd by a Feaver he â—â—parted this Life after having reign'd 〈◊〉 years over Macedon and 6 over the whole Monarchy leaving that great Empire which he with so much care and trouble had acquired to be torn in pieces after his death for want of a Son to succeed him Plutarch says that Alexander died on the 10th day of his Sickness in the 32d year and 8th month of his Age being the first year of the 114th Olympiad Nevertheless Curtius Diodorus and Iustin think that he was poyson'd by Antipater For the Burial of Alexander Diodorus lib. 18. writes that Aridaeus the Bastard Brother of Alexander spent almost two years about it And concerning the place where he was buried Historians vary Pausanias in Attic. saith that Ptolomaeus Lagus King of Egypt bury'd him at Memphis Diodorus lib. 18 writes that Aridaeus buried him at Alexandria The Epitaph inscribed on his Statue was this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Terram mihi subjicio Iupiter vero coelum habet CHAP. VII The Manners of Elephants and Love of all living Creatures towards their young The Lioness is taken with the Love of Leopards The Lions if they see any spotted Whelps presently tear them in pieces as Bastards A Sea-Calf having brought forth a dead young one did out of grief abstain from food three days together The Eagle her Nest with the Eagle-stone and the Stork with the Lamp-stone to keep away Serpents IF we should also describe the Manners of Elephants the Indians affirm that those of the Fens are foolish and light those of the Mountains perverse and treacherous and unless they stand in need of something from them unfaithful to men but those of the Plains are said to be good gentle and lovers of Imitation wherefore they will write dance and â—kip at the sound of a Pipe lifting themselves up from the ground Now when Apollonius saw the Elephants pass over the River Indus being as I think about thirty in number whereof the least was the Guide whilst the great ones carried-over their young ones on their out-sticking Teeth embracing them with their Trunk as with a Girt to hold them he said to Damis These living Creatures do this thing without the bidding of any one out of a natural instinct and knowledge for you see how like Porters they bear their young and closely embrace them lest they should fall I see answer'd Damis how wisely and prudently they manage them What then meaneth that foolish Question of Wranglers whether or no the 1 Love of Parents to their young be natural for these Elephants openly proclaim that this Love cometh to
the Works of Zeuxis Polygnotus or Euphranor Also of the Fight betwixt Alexander and Porus. AS for the 1 Snows of the Ethiopians and the Hills 2 Catadupi I think not fit to gainsay them in respect to their Authority who have related such things Yet do I not assent to their Relations considering with my self how it could be possible that 5 Indus should do like Nilus since the Region that lyes above it is not cover'd with Snow Besides I know that God hath set the Indians and Aethiopians as the utmost Horns of the Earth and made both swarthy the one at the Eastern the other at the Western part of the World which could not be unless they were both warm in the Winter and if the Sun be hot there all the year how is it possible that Snow should breed there or that it should be in so vast a quantity as when they melt to cause so great Rivers to overflow And if the Snow should descend into places so exposed to the Sun how it should be spread into so great a Sea or how it should suffice for a River to overflow all Egypt In their passage over Indus they say that they met with many 3 Sea-horses and many 4 Crocodiles like them that swim in Nilus They likewise relate that such Flowers grow about Indus as about Nilus and that the Seasons of the year are in India warm at Winter but at Summer stifling nevertheless they say that God hath well provided against this by causing much Rain to fall there Furthermore they report that they have heard the Indians say that the King when the Seasons of the year call him to it goeth to the River and offereth up Horses and black Bulls to it in Sacrifice for the Indians prefer the black colour before the white by reason as I suppose of their own Complexion After the Sacrifice is ended they say the King sinketh a 6 golden Measure like to that wherein they measure Corn into the River and that the Indians do not certainly know for what end this is done but they suppose that the Measure is so sunk either for the plenty of those Fruits which Husbandmen measure with it or for the moderation of the River that it might not too much overflow the Countrey Now having passed the River the Guide whom the Governour had given them led them the direct way to Taxilla where the King's Palace is Moreover they report that the men which dwell by the River Indus are cloath'd with Linen of that Countrey and Shoes made of the Bark of Trees also a kind of Hat against the Rain But persons of greater quality go clad in 7 Silk which they report groweth on Trees like a white Asp for growth and Leaves like those of the Sallow Apollonius said he was pleas'd with the Silk in that it resembled the duskish Philosophical 8 Pallium this Silk they say is brought out of India into Egypt for many of their sacred Rites As for Taxilla they say it is for bigness to be compared with the old Ninus and walled proportionably as the rest of the Greek Cities are it was the Royal Seat of Mander who govern'd that 9 Kingdom which was formerly ruled by Porus. Before the Walls they saw a Temple erected about an hundred feet high of purple-colour'd Stone wherein stood a Chappel though less than a Temple yet so large and so beset with Pillars that it was worthy of admiration There were several brazen Tables hanging on the Walls whereon were written the 10 Deeds of Alexander and Porus. Their Acts were engraven on Copper Silver Gold and black Brass together with Elephants Horses Souldiers Helmets and Shields But the Lances Darts and Swords were all made of Iron and so artificially engraved as if it were the Work of 11 Zeuxie 12 Polygnotus or 13 Euphranor who were able to express the shadows breath descents and ascents of things so they say it appear'd there the several matters being inserted into the Pictures instead of Colours Nor was it an unpleasant sight to discover the King's disposition by the Picture For Porus set up the said Table in the Chappel after the death of Alexander though Alexander be therein described as conquering and restoring Porus whom he had wounded in Fight and conferring upon him the Region of India as his own Furthermore it is reported that Porus wept and lamented at the death of Alexander as being a brave and generous Prince Likewise after Alexander was departed out of India Porus never spake any thing as a King though Alexander permitted it nor did he rule the Indians as a King but as a Deputy doing and speaking all things very modestly to the honour of Alexander I cannot in reason here omit what is related of Porus for upon the entrance of Alexander into India when some of Porus's Friends advised him to make a defensive League wiâ—â— those that dwelt near Ganges and 14 Hypasis in as much as Alexander was not likely to engage against all India if he perceived the Inhabitants unite together Porus answer'd If my Subjects be such that I cannot be safe without the help of Associates it will be better for me to lay down my Kingdom To one that said Darius was call'd a King Porus made Answer But not a Man When the Groom had brought the Elephant whereon Porus was to ride and saâ—â— to him This Elephant Oh King will carry you nay rather said Porus I will carry him if my strength equal my stature To one who advised him to sacrifice to the River that he might not receive the Macedonian Ships nor afford a passage to Alexander Porus replyed It is not decent for them that take Arms to imprecate Curses After the Battel wherein Alexander judged him to be a divine man and far exceeding humane Nature when one of Porus's Frienâ—s told him That if he had humbled himself to Alexander he had not been overcome in Battel neither had he caus'd so many of the Indians to be slain nor been wounded himself the Answer of Porus was this When I heard how Alexander was more ambitious than other men I thought that he would esteem me a base Slave if I humbled my self before him whereas if I manfully opposed him he would esteem me a King and rather worthy of admiration than pity neither indeed was I mistaken for shewing my self to be such a man as Alexander saw me to be I in one and the same day both lost and recover'd all I had Such an one Historians report Porus to have been also that he was the most lovely man of all the Indians and of so large a stature as no man had been since the 15 Trojan Worthies likewise that he was very young when he fought with Alexander Illustrations on Chap. 9. 1 SNows Snow is a Cloud congeal'd by excessive Cold before it be perfectly resolv'd from Vapours into Water for if it should come to the density of Water before the Congelation then could it
not fall so like locks of Wooll as it doth but would be more closely compacted or joyned together having little or no spunginess in it There is little difference between the matter of Snow and the matter of Rain and Hail excepting as some think that the vapour for Snow is of an hotter quality than the vapour for Rain and yet not so hot as that which is the material cause of Hail For it is a Tenet among Philosophers that hot things being cool'd are apter for Congelation than cold as is seen in warm Water taken from the fire which will more suddenly and thorowly be frozen than that which never felt the heat And this comes to pass in regard of the pores or passages made into the Water through Heat into which the Cold entring it both cooleth it sooner and congealeth it the more Neither is there any difference between white Frost and Snow excepting that Frost is made of a Vapour before it be turn'd into a Cloud and Snow of a Cloud before it be turn'd into Water 2 Hills of Catadupi c. Catadupa so call'd from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cataracta is a place in Aethiopia where Nilus falleth from between two Mountains with so great a noise that the Catadupi or Inhabitants that dwell near are made deaf therewith Of this see Pliny lib. 5. ch 9. Senec. Nat. Qâ— 4 2. Ammian Marcell lib. 22. Vitruvius lib. 8. ch 2. Heliodor lib. 2. 3 Sea-horses Equus-marinus the Sea-horse is so called because he hath a Head like an Horse and will sometimes neigh his Feet are cloven like to the Feet of a Cow but his Tayl and hinder parts are like to other Fishes He seeks his Repast as well on the Land as Sea In the Northern Seas he will sometimes sleep upon a piece of Ice as it floateth upon the Waters and seldom do the Fishermen desire to take him but only out of wantonness when they want other Sport or have taken few Whales This Sea-monster is most frequently seen between Britain and Norway Olaus Magn. lib. 21. 4 Crocodiles are commonly found about the River Nilus in Egypt and Ganges in India and later Discoveries affirm that they are not only in Asia and Africa but very frequent in some Rivers of America They inhabit as well the Land as Water and live almost as long as men Munster in his Cosmograph writeth that of a little thing he waxeth to be a very great Beast in so much that in the History of Congo we read of one Crocodile that eat up nine Slaves for his Breakfast Purch Pilgrimage lib. 7. ch 9. Gieza saith that in the Province of Dariene in the South part of America a Crocodile was found 25 feet long Ibid. lib. 9. ch 1. His Eggs are like unto Goose Eggs but the young which cometh of them taketh increase to 16 or 18 cubits in length Strange it is if true that they tell of the number of 60 in this Beast as that his Age is 60 years his Teeth 60. his Eggs and days of Hatching 160. his Back is hard and full of Scales his Teeth exceeding sharp whereof two be far more terrible than the other and much longer Aristotle saith that Crocodiles have no Tongues but Experience proves this to be false for their Tongues are very short flat and broad his Eyes are said to be very dull in the Water but marvellous quick-sighted when he is out of it his Tayl extends it self to a great length his Bitings are so sharp and cruel that they can never be heal'd his Feet are short but Claws or Nails very sharp wherewith he helps to catch and dis-member either Man or Beast which he can lay hold on nevertheless it is said that he flyes from those that persecute him and persecutes those that fly him Aelian Var. Hist. lib. 1. says that the Egyptian Dogs are so fearful of him that they use to lap their Water running when they come at the Nile for fear of the Crocodiles there And Munster writes that when this Serpent hath devoured a man and eaten up all but his Head he will sit and weep over it as if he repented him of the cruelty of the act whereas indeed he weeps for want of such another prey from hence came the Proverb of Lachrymae Crecodili Crocodiles Tears In Pegu Crocodiles are accounted Holy Strabo writes that he saw in the Nomus or Shire of Arsinoe divine Honour given to a Crocodile who being kept tame in a certain Lake by the Priests and named Suchus was nourish'd with Bread Wine and Flesh which the Pilgrims that came to visit him offer'd Thus the Ombites esteem'd themselves favour'd of their Crocodile God if he filled his Paunch with the flesh and bloud of their dearest Children And King Menas built a City called Crocodilopolis and dedicated the adjacent Fens to their sustenance Nevertheless we read that in some Parts of China and elsewhere the Natives feed upon Crocodiles 5 That Indus should do like Nilus c. This Annual Inundation is proper to many other Rivers besides Nile as to many Currents of Africa for about the same time the River Niger and Zair do overflow and so do the Rivers beyond the Mountains of the Moon as Suama and Spirito Santo And not only these in Africa but some also in Europe and Asia as Menan in India and Duina in Livoâ—ia the same also is observable of the River Iordan in Iudea that it overflows all his Banks in the time of Harvest Iosh. 3. 6 The King sinketh a golden Measure into the River this Custom hath some resemblance to the Duke of Venice's marrying the Sea with a golden Ring which he once a year casts into the same with much solemnity being accompanied with the Senate and Chief of the City to the mouth of the Venetian Gulf where this Ceremony is perform'd 7 Persons of greater quality go clad in Silk c. which Silk is thus described by Iulius Poliux Bissina quoque Bissus Lini quaedam species apud Indos nunc apud Aegyptios ex arbore quaedam Lana sit ex qua vestem confectam Lino maxime similem esse quispiam dixerit sola densitate excepta densior enim ex arbore fructus enâ—scitur nuci similis duplici munitus cortice qua diâ—emta postquam instar nucis floruerit interius hoc quod Lanam refert eximitur unde jubtegmen conficitur stamen autem illi subtenditur Lineam 8 Pallium a long Robe or Mantle such as our Knights of the Garter wear at their Inâ—â—alment and worn heretofore by Philosophers 9 That Kingdom which was formerly ruled by Porus is thus Geographiz'd by Strabo lib. 15. Inter Hidâ—spem Acesinem est Pori terra multa sane opulenta 300 Civitatum Item Sylva prope Emodos montes ex qua Alexander multam abietem Pinum Cedrum varias alias arboreâ— in Hydâ—â—peâ—â—â—de duxit ex quibus Classâ—m construxit juxta Vrbes in utrâ—que flâ—minâ—s Ripa ab
What Conference passed between Apollonius and King Phraotes The King's Modesty Temperance and Skill in the Greek Tongue WHilst he is thus busied in Discourse certain Messengers come from the King bringing an Interpreter with them and tell them that the King had invited Apollonius to be his Guest for the 1 space of three days in as much as Strangers might not longer abide in that City wherefore they conducted Apollonius to the Palace With what Walls the City was encompass'd we have before declared They say it was evenly and regularly divided into Streets after the Attick fashion And that it was built of such Houses as if a man look on the outside of them seem to be of but one Story whereas if you enter into them you will find as many Rooms under ground as above They likewise report that they saw the Temple of the Sun wherein the Image of Ajax carv'd in Ivory was erected the Statue of Alexander in Gold and others of Porus in black Brass The Walls of the 2 Temple are built of a red Stone wherewith Gold being artificially mingled seemeth to dart out Rays The Pavement was inlaid with Pearls in a kind of Checquer-work which was much used in the Temples of the Barbarians But they say that in the King's Palace they found no sumptuousness of Building nor 3 Guards nor Halbardiers but as in the Houses of the best Citizens a few Domesticks and such as desired to discourse with the King being in number but three or four at most With which Shew they were far more delighted than with that pompous one at the Court of Babylon and much more when they were entred in for the Lodgings Galleries and whole Court was under discipline which was a sufficient argument to Apollonius that the Indian King was addicted to Philosophy Wherefore speaking by the Interpreter he said I am glad Oh King to see that you study Philosophy But I said the King am much gladder that you have such an opinion of me Then answer'd Apollonius saying Are these things appointed and enjoyn'd by your Laws or have you your self reduced your Kingdom to this good order The King replied Though our Laws be modest yet I use greater modesty than our Laws enjoyn and possess more than other men yet need very little esteeming the greatest part of my Wealth to belong unto my 4 Friends Happy are you said Apollonius who enjoy such a Treasure preferring your Friends from whom so many Benefits acâ—rue to you before Silver and Gold Nay said the King I impart my Riches to my very Enemies for I asswage and subdue with 5 Money the Barbarians that sometimes infested my Kingdom making Incursions into my Confines in so much that I now use them as Guards to defend my Kingdom for they do not only abstain themselves from invading me but also hinder other neighbouring Barbarians who are very dangerouâ— from molesting me When Apollonius asked Whether Porus was used to give Presents to them the King answered Porus was a lover of War but I of Peace With these Speeches he so ravish'd Apollonius that when on a time he rebuked one Euphrates for not studying Philosophy he said Let us reverence the Indian Phraotes for that was the King's Name A certain Nobleman for the many and great Favours he had receiv'd from the King desired to set a golden Mitre adorn'd with several Iewels on his Head the King made answer Though I were one of those who are taken with such things yet would I not admit them now but in the presence of Apollonius throw them from my Head Yet for as much as I have never heretofore used such Ornaments how should I now assume them as not knowing my Guest and forgetting my self When Apollonius also demanded of him What kind of Diet he used his answer was I drink only so much Wine as I sacrifice to the Sun and for the Quarrey which I take in Hunting others eat it the exercise it self being enough for me my Diet is Herbs with the tops and fruit of Dates and whatsoever things the River makes my Garden bring forth I have also many Dishes from these Trees which with my own hands I dress As these words Apollonius was overjoy'd often turning his Eyes towards Damis Afterwards when they had discoursed sufficiently concerning his Iourney to the Brackmans the King commanded the Guide that came from Babylon to be entertain'd as his Guest in such a manner as he was used to receive those that came from thence but the Guide who was sent by the Governour was dismissed having receiv'd Provision for his Iourney Then the King himself taking Apollonius by the hand and commanding the Interpreter to depart asked him whether he would admit him into his company at Meals Apollonius being amazed hereat and asking the King why he did not speak to him thus in the beginning the King reply'd It was that I might not seem over-bold as not knowing my self nor that it had pleased Fortune to make me a Barbarian But now being overcome by you in as much as I perceive you to take delight in me I could not any longer conceal my self and how full I am of the Greek Tongue I will manifest to you in many things But why said Apollonius did not you invite me to a Feast but had rather be invited by me Because said the King I judge you to be the better man for Wisdom is a more royal thing than all others Thus having spoken he led Apollonius and the rest of his company to the Bath wherein he himself was used to wash The place was an Orchard about the length of a Furlong in the midst whereof was a Fountain digged that received into it self certain Springs of cool and potable Water On either side were places to run in where the King was used to exercise himself with the Launce and Discus 6 after the Greek fashion for his Body was strong having used such Exercises and being but 27 years of age Now when he thought he had exercised himself enough on Land he was used to leap into the Water and there exercise himself in Swimming Illustrations on Chap. 11. 1 To be his Guest for the space of three days This Custom was I conceive practised amongst them ever after Alexander's Conquest over them and that for no other Reason but to prevent Strangers from being made acquainted either with their Strength or Riches Notwithstanding other Countreys have used the like Caution upon other Inducements as the Iaponeses who denied any admission to the Christians for their Religions sake and the Turks who suffer not any but Mahometans to approach within such a distance of Mecca also the Chineses who permit not any Trade with the Portugueses nor at this day with the English by reason of our Alliance with Portugal Nevertheless be it upon what Motive it will any such Custom is an infallible impediment to any City's Wealth or Power as on the contrary nothing can be more advantagious
brought me to the wise men sooner perhaps than was fitting for I was but 12 years old however they took me and bred me up as their own Child for they shew far greater kindness to such as are skill'd in the Greek Tongue before they receive them in as much as they are more capable of their Instructions My Parents afterwards dying soon after one another the wise men brought me to my Towns that I might look to my own Affairs as being now about 19 years of age But my good Vncle had by this time taken away the 7 Towns so that he did not so much as leave me the Fields which my Father had purchased saying that they all belong'd to his Kingdom and that it was a favour he suffer'd me to live Wherefore having gather'd up a small stock from my Mothers freed men I lived poorly having but four Attendants In this condition as I was reading the Tragedy called Heraclidae there came a Messenger to me from this Place bringing a Letter from a certain Friend of my Father's who bade me pass over the River Hydraotes and consult with him about recovering this Kingdom for there were great hopes for me that I might easily attain it if I were not wanting to my self I thinking that some of the Gods had brought that Tragedy into my thoughts follow'd the Presage Now when I had cross'd the River I heard that one of them who had usurped the Kingdom was dead and that the other was besieg'd in his Palace Wherefore complying with these things I came with open mouth in all the Towns wheresoever I pass'd crying out that I was the Son of such a one and that I came to possess my own Government Whereupon they received me with very great joy and thinking me to be very like my Grandfather embraced me and accompanied me with Swords and Bows in great numbers which continually increas'd Wherefore coming to the Gate of the City those that were here receiv'd me so chearfully that they lighted Torches at the Altar of the Sun wherewith came to the Gates and conducted me hither singing praises of my Father and Grandfather As for that Drone within they thrâ—w him over the Walls notwithstanding I interceded for him that they would not put him to such a death Illustrations on Chap. 13. 1 TO strive against Fortune c. It is a very faâ—nâ— Opinion for any man although Fortune hath given him one shrewd Blow 〈◊〉 to despond or though in a great Design his second or third Attempt be â—oyl'd yet the works of Destiny are kept so secret from us till enlighten'd by time as for ought we know that success which is deny'd to our first second or third Attempt may be reserv'd to a fourth nothing is more â—â—â—ally seen than in the sealing the Walls of strong Placeâ— after one or two desperate repulses an obstinate perseverance carries them and so in mens civil Undertakings perseveranti dabitur for in persevering many times strange and unthought of Accidents are found to come in by means whereof the success is beyond what could have been imagined for God does as well disappoint our Fears as our Hopes Therefore in the old Roman way of such as slew themselves if they did it out of scorn to endure any base disgrace then it was set upon the score of Magnanimity or if it was to ease them of some grievous paiâ— then it excused it self upon that Dictate of Nature Of Evils choose the least but if in case of adverse Fortune and an over-hasty Despair it was certainly then the effect of a pusillanimous Spirit which had not courage enough to hold out till a better condition might appear 2 The Tragedy of Heraclidae this Tragedy was written by Euripides 3 I would not be wanting to my self c. The main Reason why there are so few gallant Exploits done among men and how it comes to pass that they suffer such base Oppressions as they do is for the most part because they are wanting to themselves that is they either see not the opportunities they have of helping themselves or else they want the courage to undertake them The Reason of the first is not so much the daily diversion of their minds upon pleasures or other impertinencies as a meer thoughtlessness and stupidity wherein we pass most of our time in thinking seriously upon nothing This perhaps is a great cause of publick Quiet in not observing those Emergencies which more vigilant and hot Heads would lay hold of for turbulent Attempts and therefore in our Institutions is not censured but Mahomet has by an express Edict prohibited it as a mortal sin and I am of opinion that his strict Injunction for such perpetual Meditation and Advertency is one great cause of the daily growth and progress of his Church and Empire Yet indeed were I a Prince especially if I did not exactly govern as the Peoples good required I should not much fancy my thinking Subjects lest observing things too narrowly their thoughts might not be to my advantage The second way wherein men usually fall is want of Courage Magnis conatibus obstat impunitatis â—â—pido If man were not a Creature as timid as he is crafty and malicious how could one man or a few enslave a whole Nation Yet most certainly it was the great wisdom of God to plant this fear of Death in the heart of man without which the poor would rifle the rich the People would disobey their Governors and every superstitious Fool would to escape Purgatory murder whomsoever his Confessor bid him Now besides these two Deficiencies men are wanting to themselves in many other Points but above all in Industry how many appear in the Streets half naked and begging for a farthing when others as feeble as they support themselves by Labour and others who lye tortured with Diseases have usually fail'd themselves in point of Temperance when rather than restrain their Gluttony or Drunkenness they choose as the easier to fall a praying Poscis opem nerviâ— corpusque fidele senectae Esto age sed patinae grandes Tucetaque crassâ— Annuere his superos vetuere Iovemque morantur Thus in all kind of Afflictions that men endure upon a severe scrutiny they shall find that their endurance or at least their long endurance proceeds from their being wanting to themselves one way or other 4 Receiv'd me with great joy c. The Case in brief was thus This King Phraotes his Father came young to the Crown which being by some great men usurp'd from him he not long after dying they still detaâ—n'd it from his young Son Phraotes who thereby was constrained to live poor in exile till after that the Usurpers had with much oppression for some years exasperated the People they then revolted from the Usurpers and sent for the right Heir Phraotes and settled him in the Throne of his Ancestors The People are so basely in love with their own ease and safety as they many
times suffer horrid Injuries to be done to their Prince although he never offended them but when any hope arises of Revenge then they are apt enough to assist Thus when our Richard the III. murther'd with his own hand King Henry the VI. and caused the two young innocent Princes to be destroy'd all was quiet until the next Heâ—r landed although with but a handful of men then People flockt in to him in such numbers as soon enabled him to overthrow the Usurper who although in his short Reign had very wisely enacted divers popular Laws to win the Love of his People yet all would not suffice for he being observ'd to be bloudily revengeful and false it was believ'd if he was once settled his good Laws would not have long prevail'd against his Tyranny But if instead of those good Laws he had begun with Violence and Oppression then infallibly he had not been endured so long nor found so many to assist him as he did This plainly appear'd in the case of Rehoboam who though he was the right lawful Heir yet because he would not give any way to the Peoples Petition ten parts of twelve fell from him and God Almighty owned the thing to have been from him not that God is the Author of Rebellion but that by the Instinct of Nature which God has planted in all men there is a desire to live comfortably when if they perceive all hope of that to be taken from them and no hopes in obedience then what courses that despair will drive men into may easily be foreseen by any who observe the proceedings of uncatechized Nature which teaches more what men formerly have done what they do and what hereafter they will do than what by the Rules of Duty they should do When a People is oppress'd by a Prince they should make use only of their Preces and Lachrymae however some are so mutinous as to fly to their Sword and others so treacherous as by opposing all Petitions from the People they take away their Preces and leave them only their Lachrymae Now this want of softning and easing the Government was the ruine of these Usurpers and is the usual Rock upon which most Usurpers split for their many Enemies and want of Title makes them keep a standing Army which sooner or later brings inevitable Ruine to the Government first by their Rapine they make the Prince odious for all men hate the Master who sets his Dog upon them more than they do the Dog himself and then when he is odious to all men he is totally at the Souldiers mercy and if you observe the usual Method of the old Pretorian Bands was to knock their Emperor on the head and set the Crown at sale to who will give most the People all the while looking on with applause And we who have seen the late Tragedy acted by our Usurpers on the Scene of England do well know that His Majesty's Restoration and the Usurper's Ruine was next under God brought to pass by their own Army under the Command of General Monck who was since for his special Service created Duke of Alâ—â—marle CHAP. XIV Of the Oxydracks and their impregnable City That they chase away their Enemies not with Arms but with Thunder and Lightning sent from Jupiter which were heretofore made use of against Hercules and Bacchus That the Egyptian Hercules came to Gades not the Theban A long Dispute whether the Drinkers of Wine or Water be the best Sleepers Of Medicines provoking Sleep And of the Prophet Amphiaraus APollonius hereunto replying said You have indeed acted the Return of the Heraclidae and the Gods are to be prais'd for their good will that they concurr'd to the Voyage of a good man returning to his own But I entreat you to tell me whether these are the wise men which were with Alexander and being brought to him discours'd to him Philosophically concerning the Heavens The King answer'd They were the 1 Oxydracks which Nation liveth free and is trained up to War moreover they pretend to 2 wisdom but know nothing that is good The true wise men inhabit in the midst between Hyphasis and Ganges into which Parts Alexander never came not that he stood in fear of them but was I suppose prohibited by sacred Presages For if he had cross'd Hyphasis and been able to seize on the Territories of that People yet the Tower which they inhabit he could never have taken though he brought with him ten thousand Achilles's and thirty thousand Ajaxes for neither do they fight with those that come against them but with prodigious Tempests and Thunderbolts chase away the Enemies as being themselves accounted sacred and beloved by the Gods Howbeit they relate that the Egyptian Hercules and Bacchus who march'd with their Armies through India did both come against that People and frame all manner of Engines and attempt the Place notwithstanding the Citizens seem'd to make no resistance but to remain unmoved till the Enemy came close to the Tower and then 3 fiery Tempests beat them back with Thundrings descending and falling upon their Armies At which time Hercules is reported to have flung away his golden Buckler which those wise men did for a Monument hang up in the Temple as well out of an opinion they had of Hercules as for the Sculpture of the Buckler it self for Hercules was thereon pictured setting Bounds to the Earth near Gades and erecting Mountains as Pillars to exclude the Ocean from whence it may manifestly be gather'd that it was the Egyptian Hercules and not the Theban that came to 4 Gades and there prescribed Limits to the Earth As they were discoursing in this manner the sound of singing with a Pipe began to be heard And when Apollonius asked what this mirth meant the King's Answer was That the Indians do by such kind of Musick admonish the King when he goeth to Bed that he have good Dreams and that he arise kind to and careful of his Subjects In what manner said Apollonius are you O King affected towards such things for they play on the Pipe and sing of you The King answer'd I deride not such things for one must admit of them for the Law 's sake although I stand not in need of any such admonition for in what a King shall do modestly and kindly he shall more gratifie himself than his Subjects Having thus discourst together both betook themselves to sleep After the day began to appear the King came to the Chamber where Apollonius and his Companions lay when having found out his Bed he saluted the man and ask'd him what he was musing upon for I suppose said he that you are not now sleeping in as much as you drink Water and deride Wine Whereto Apollonius answer'd Do you not think they sleep who drink Water Yes said the King but very gentle sleep such as we say seizeth only on the Eyes and not on the Mind Nay said Apollonius they sleep
the Daughter of Germanicus and if it be said that this proceeded meerly from the spight of Messalina why then did she not cause him to be put to death as well as she did the other who was her Husba d's Neece But 't is most certain what-ever his Life were he had paginam Lâ—scivam as 〈◊〉 appear by what he hath written de Speculorum usu l. 1. Nat. Qu. cap. 16. which admitting it may in a Poet yet how it should be excused in a Philosopher I know not In his exile he wrote his Epistle de Consolatione to Polybius Claudius's Creature and as honest a man as Pallas or Narcissus wherein he extolls him and the Emperor to the skyes seeking a discharge of his exile by so fordid a means whereby he lost much of his Reputation Upon Claudius's Marriage with Agrippina he was recall'd from Banishment by her means and made Praetor when having no need of him he forgets the Emperor labouring all he can to depress him and the hopeful Brittanicus also procured his Pupil Nero to be adopted Successor and the Emperor 's own Son to be disinherited likewise against the Emperor whom he so much prais'd when he had need of him after his Death he writes a scurrilous Libel In Nero's Court how ungratefully doth he behave himself towards Agrippina who although she were a wicked Woman yet she deserved well of him Also towards Nero himself what a treacherous part did he play in becoming an associate in Piso's Conspiracy Noâ— must we here omit his vast Riches and Avarice Moreover He doth in extremo actu deficâ—re when he must needs perswade his excellent Lady Paulina to die with him which according to his opinion for he believ'd not the Souls Immortality could be no advantage to her Last of all The Philosopher Theodorus who was honour'd with the title of a God deliver'd iâ— as his opinion that wise men would not stick to give their minds to Thieving Adultery or Sacriledge when they found a seasonable opportunity that none of these are evil by Nature and that setting aside the vulgar opinion there is no Reason but a Philosopher might go publickly to a Whore without Reproof Many more Instances could I produce to shew not only the ill precepts which were taught but likewise the evil Lives which were led by many of the ancient Philosophers whose practices have continually run counter to their Theory Now from hence it is that the wisest Governments grew to manage the Peoples Conscience rather by Religion than Philosophy since the terrors of Hell and hopes of Paradise would more effectually reform mankind than any Philosophical Notions And whereas the Philosophers were so multiply'd into Sects as St. Austin out of Varrâ— reports them to have been almost 300. and in effect each giving the other the Lye now Religion seemed likely to be more agreeable to its own Doctrine and more united in it self Yet in after Ages even that divided into so many Schisms as made a kind of necessity of setting up one supream Judge whose Dictates right or wrong should decide all Controversies about Religion and regulate the manners of the Clergy this rais'd the Pope over the Christians and Mafti over the Mahometans Yet in both of these so prone is flesh and bloud to corruption that many times the greatest Doctors are forced to bid men do as they teach and not as they do which nevertheless is apt to discredit the very Doctrines themselves among vulgar people who are more inclin'd to believe what they see than what they hear But to speak as a moral man their pretended Religion and Philosophy consisted in this Compositum Ius fasque Animi Sanctosque recessus Mentis incoctum generâ—so pectus honesto Pers. CHAP. XIII The Narration of King Phraotes touching his Parents and himself namely how his Father being in his youth cast out of his Kingdom studied Philosophy amongst the wise men and how he himself being instructed by his Father in the Greek Tongue was sent to the same wise men to be taught Philosophy but after the death of his Father was recall'd by his Father's Friends to the Kingdom AS for my self this is the History of what hath befallen me I am descended of a Grandfather who was a King and of the same Name with me but my Father was a private man for being left very young two of his near kindred were according to the Laws of India made his Guardians and managed the Government for him very tyrannically Whereupon they appear'd grievous to the Subjects and the Government was evil spoken of in so much that many of the Nobility conspiring together against them did at the great Solemnity when they were sacrificing to the River Indus set upon them and kill them when seizing on the Government they shared it amongst themselves Wherefore my Father's kinsmen being very solicitous of his safety when he was not yet 16 years old sent him to the King that reigneth near the River Hyphasis which Kingdom is far greater than that which I possess and the Countrey much more pleasant When the King would have adopted him his Son my Father refused it saying that he was unwilling to strive against Fortune who had already deprived him of Rule Wherefore he entreated the King to give leave that he might be brought up in Philosophy by the wise men of that Countrey which would make him the better undergo his domestick evils Now when the King was willing to restore him to his own Kingdom my Father answer'd If you perceive me to be a true and genuine Philosopher you shall restore me if not suffer me to continue as I am When the King heard this he himself went with him to the wise men promising to bestow no small Benefits on them if they used their utmost diligence in educating that Youth who was by nature so generous They discerning something more than ordinary in him very freely assented to communicate their Wisdom to him and readily instructed him who was as fully intent upon Learning After 7 years were expired the King falling sick of a Disease which ended his Life sendeth for my Father and maketh him co-partner with his own Son in the Kingdom giving him his Daughter then marriageable to Wife But he when he perceived the King's Son to be overcome by Flatterers Drinking and such like Vanities as also to have a suspicious eye over him said to him Take your Estate to your self and order it how you please for it is a ridiculous thing that he who is not able to recover his own Kingdom should boldly intrude into anothers grant 〈◊〉 only your Sister for this alone of all your Estate will satisfie me Wherefore taking his Wife he withdrew into those Places that are near to the wise men wherein he had 7 very pleasant Towns which the King gave to his Sister for her privy Purse Now I being sprung from this Marriage and my Father having instructed me in the Greek Learning he