THE King of Calicut envying the advantage he of Cochin made of our Trade got together 50000 men at Patane 16 Leagues from Cochin with other preparations for War The People of Cochin fearing that Power were for delivering up the Portugueses to him of Calicut who demanded nothing more But Triumpara King of Cochin refused and went out with three Nephews and small force to meet the Enemy At the first charge he was forsaken by some of his Nobles yet assisted by the Portugueses valiantly maintained a Pass till his Nephews being killed whereof one was General he was forced to fly and secure himself in the Island Vaipi near to and more tenable than Cochin which was burnt and he persisted in not delivering up the Portugueses a notable example of Fidelity in a Heathen scarce to be parallel'd among Christians 2. Whilst the People of Cochin were beseiged in the Island there sailed from Lisbon nine Ships under three distinct Commanders The first was Alfonso de Alburquerque the second Francis de Alburquerque and the third Antony de Saldanna The three last were to cruise in the Mouth of the Red Sea against the Ships of Meca the others to return with their lading Francis de Alburquerque arrived first with more Ships than he brought out having met with those of Vincent Sodre who was cruising upon the Indian Coast and distressed by Storm as also a Vessel that had been separated from D. Vasco de Gama Sodre had taken four Ships of Calicut which he carried to Cananor and burnt several small Vessels but this hapned before the invasion of Cochin to whose King he had offered his assistance but was not admitted and sailing thence touched at Zocotora and Guardafu and on the Coast of Arabia took some Vessels of Cambaya and Calicut Winter coming on he took shelter in a Bay near the Islands Curiamuria and found the Moors of that Coast called Baduiis who live by their Cattle were tractable and after two Months they advised Sodre to seek a better Harbour because about that time there arose such Storms in that place that he would be lost He would not credit them believing they said it only to be rid of him but sound they spoke truth being lost with his Brother and all the men in a sudden Tempest the other Vessels with great danger and suffering much through hunger and thirst escaped met Francis de Alburquerque and arrived with him at Cochin The Commander sent the King a Present into the Island part whereof was 10000 Ducats in Mony Then going ashoar the King ran and embraced him crying Portugal Portugal and all the People with great cries repeat Portugal Portugal and the Portugueses to return the civility cried Cochin Cochin The Commander comforted the King giving him assured hopes in the assistance of his Ships and the others he expected Not to lose time he fell upon those who held the Island of Cochin for the King of Calicut and killing many expelled the remainder then passed to Vaipi restoring that Country to its lawful Prince The Lord of Repelim his Lands were wasted with Fire and Sword and only four Portugueses lost in this action The joy Triumpara conceived in being restored by our assistance moved him to grant us leave to build a Fort in Cochin The work was begun when Alfonso de Albuquerque arrived and it was called the Fort of St. Iames and a Church then built dedicated to St. Bartholomew 500 men were put aboard some Vessels taken from the Enemy who burnt Repelim after a stout defence made by 2000 Nayres Alfonso de Albuquerque ambitious of performing some notable Exploit by himself advanced against a Town when a multitude of expert Heathens issuing brought him into great danger and the more by the assistance of thirty three Vessels of Calicut but Francis his Brother coming up they were put to flight and many killed as were 700 in the Island Cabalam where they thought to secure themselves Duarte Pacheco destroyed another Town killing many of the Inhabitants As our men sailed though victorious spent with fatigue fifty Ships of Calicut met them the number surprized them but our Cannon being well played the Enemy fled Antonio do Campo carried the news of this success to Portugal 3. Pepper was bought with some expence of blood The Queen of Coulam offered lading for two Ships Alburquerque went thither and setled a Trade as in Cochin and to manage it left there a Factor and twenty six men The King of Calicut perceiving our success desired Peace it was granted upon our Conditions some being put in execution he put a stop to the rest He loved the Conveniency but hated the Means and again prosecuted the War The King of Cochin representing how just he had been to us desired some able Commander might be left there with a number of men to his assistance The demand was reasonable it was therefore resolved that Duarte Pacheco with his Ship and two Caravels and 100 men should be left there Alfonso and Francis de Alburquerque returned towards home The first arrived safe and among other things brought the King forty pound of Pearls and four hundred of the small a Diamond of wonderful bigness and two Horses one a Persian the other an Arab which were held in great esteem being the first that were brought to the Kingdom Francis de Alburquerque and the Ships under his Command were never more heard of Peter de Ataide who followed them having escaped a Storm was found with his men at Melinde 4. Antony de Saldanna the last of the three Commanders and who was sent to cruise in the Mouth of the Red Sea having lost Diego Fernandez Peteâ—…a came to an Anchor at St. Thomas Short of the Cape of Good Hope was made famous a place by the name of Aguada del Saldanna or Saldannas watering place not for any Water he took but the Blood of his Men shed there endeavouring to land At this time a Storm had parted from him Ruy Lorenço driving him up to Mozambique whence he held his course to Quiloa where he took some small Prizes An ambition of doing something more remarkable carried him to the Island Zanzibar 20 Leagues short of Monbaça where he took twenty small Vessels Then he appeared before the Town of that name The King of it designed to take the Ship with a number of Paraos or Boats but our Long Boat going out with thirty men killed several and took four Paraos The King appeared on the Shoar with 4000 men commanded by his Son who was killed with some others by the first Volley Their loss produced our safety for one of them running from their Croud with Colours bearing the Arms of Portugal Peace was concluded that King agreeing to pay 100 Meticales of Gold yearly as tributary to Portugal Thence he visited Melinde whose King was oppressed by him of Monbaça for his friendship to us This obliged Ruy Lorenço to stand in by the way he took two Ships
Ships the Fight lasted very furious the space of three hours with much advantage on the Portugues side Lacsamana with wonderful celerity that Night threw up a notable Fortification whilst Perez guarded the River fearing he should fly from him It was thought a rashness in their condition to attack him so they retired to the City to consult their own safety but before they consulted their relief came unexpected 3. Just then entred the Port three Ships from India with Ammunition and 150 Men. Whilst they considered how to put in execution the Orders sent by Albuquerque Lacsamana took all the Vessels that carried Provisions to the Town Hunger so pressed the Town that some fainted about the Streets the same Plague attended Pate Quitir in his Quarters The Weather being fit to sail Ferdinando Perez set out with ten Ships and one Gally As they sailed toward Cincapura the Gally going before discovered a Sail and kept it in play till the Fleet coming up took and found it stored with Provision and Ammunition designed for Pate Quitir Perez brought the Captain and Principal Men over to his own Ship who resolved to kill our Men and began to execute it running Perez into the Back with a Poniard some of them were taken others leaped into the Sea Being put to the Rack they confessed there was a Son of Pate Quitir among them and that they were followed by three Vessels with the like lading which were also taken and all carried to the City At the same time arrived Gomez de Cunna with his Ship laden with Provision he came from Pegu where he had been settling Peace with that King The Famine being appeased and Men recovered Ferdinando Perez with his Fleet attacked Pate Quitir and fortunately burnt his Fort obliging him to fly to Iava Lacsamana seeing this success drew off But at Iava a great Fleet is preparing to fall upon Malaca 4. Iava is an Island S. E. of Sumatra they are divided by a Streight 15 Leagues over it is long and narrow the length lying from East to West is almost 200 Leagues All the length of it runs a Mountain like the Apennine in Italy which hinders the Commerce between those People It has some Ports and good Cities The Inhabitants came from China Afterwards Moors from Malaca possessed themselves of the Coast. Pate Unuz who was after King of Zunda was now Lord of the City Iapara This Man now prepared a Fleet of 90 Sail to fall upon Malaca among these some equal in bigness to our Galeons and that which he was to go in greater than any of them He had been seven years making this preparation and kept private intelligence with the Natives of Iava that were in Maiaca He had 12000 men and much Cannon On a sudden they appeared before the Town Ferdinando Perez with 17 Vessels and in them 350 Portugueses and some Natives met them had a sharp engagement and did much execution 5. The Night parted the Fleets and was spent in consulting what should be done next Morning Pate Unuz endeavoured to gain the River Muar Perez pursues and pierces into the middle of the Enemy playing his Cannon and Fire works with such success that many Ships were sunk and fired The Fight was very furious till Pate Unuz fled and was pursued in â—…in for he never stopt till in Iava where he preserved that vast Vessel as a memorial of his escape and the grandeur of his Fleet not without reason for a Merchant of Malaca offered for it 10000 Ducats in case it were taken This Victory cost some Lives and much Blood few escaping without some Wounds Thus were those of Iava for ever banished from Malaca Ferdinando Perez laden with Spice and Victory sailed to Cochin in Company of Lope de Azevedo and Antony de Abreu who came from the discovery of the Maluccoes with three Ships After them arrived Antony de Miranda from Siam to the great Joy of Albuquerque seeing the good Fruits of his Labour and Care for Malaca and happy return of those he had sent to other places 6. King Mahomet who had lost Malaca had not yet lost the hopes of being restord to it He drew near and having tried all ways by force resolved to make use of a Stratagem He ordered that Tuam Maxeliz a Favourite of his should imitate the great Zopirus of Babylon With his consent he did him some great injuries He then fled to Malaca with some Companions giving out he fled from the tyranny of his Prince Ruy de Brito who commanded the Fort gave credit to him and by Presents and Policy he gained such freedom that he had admittance at all times till he came prepared to kill Brito the King at the same time being ready to second and bring him off six men were suddenly slain by his followers Brito then opened his Eyes for he was sleeping and gathering his Men drove the Traitor out at the very time that a Party of Mahomets came up to the Fort. The Commander of the Party Tuam Calascar understanding the miscarriage with a ready wit counterfeited he came to the assistance of Brito and retired Now arrived Peter de Faria from the Streight of Sabam bringing with him Abdela King of Campar who no longer able to endure his Son-in-law Mahomet came to live under the Portugueses in Malaca This was in the Month of Iuly and George de Albuquerque was come from Goa to Command in this City with instructions what to do with the King of Campar which in effect were to give him the charge of Bendara that is Governour of the Natives till thâ—… possest by Ninachetu on whom for his go 〈◊〉 Services Albuquerque had before bestowed it and now took it from him for some miscarriages This Heathen so much resented it that he resolved to give a wonderful demonstration of his Constancy and concernment He was very rich and ordered in a Market-place a Scaffold to be erected adorned with Rich Silks and Cloath of Gold in the middle he placed a great heap of sweet Aromatick Wood and strewed the Street from his House thither with sweet Herbs and Flowers and hung it answerable to the scaffold He invited his Friends and clad himself and Family richly Then mounting upon the Scaf fold whilst by his Order that Rich Pile was fired and kindled he made a long Harangue protesting his Innocence and the Zeal wherewith he had served the Portugueses and saying he would fly up to Heaven in that Flame and Smoke he cast himself into that Fire to the great admiration of all the Beholders 7. The King of Campar was gone home designing to return and take upon him the charge of Bendara but was hindred by the King of Bintam and Mahomet They fitted out a Fleet of 70 Sail and 2500 Men under the Command of the King of Linga they besieged Campar and 8 Portugues Vessels set out to shut them up with some Boats equipped by the Town The King of Linga observing them
and one piece of Cannon and wounded many of his Men and himself so that he was forced to be sent to Damans to be cured Afterwards burning another Village he came off with Loss 7. The Vice-Roy being informed that the Turkish Gallies which the Year before plundred Mascate were again at Sea â—…ared they would make some attempt upon Moçambique and therefore sent thither two Ships to relieve that Place Mean while an Army of Mogols with Elephants and other Necessaries for a Siege entred the Country of Damam burnt Villages and encamped not far from the City Our Commander there Martin Alfonso de Melo having but few Men and being ill fortified sent Advice to the neighbouring Commanders and to the Vice-Roy and in few Days so many Gentlemen resorted to him that they valued not the Enemy 8. The Mogol thinking nothing was to be got by Men who so freely offered themselves to Danger forbore the Siege and with fresh Fury over-ran the whole Country He took a view of the Fort where Ferdinand de Miranda had Commanded and was well known to him he called Miranda loud and rid out from the Front of his Army Ferdinand knowing he that called was Calichan General of those Troops went out and pointed his Lance so well that hitting on his Breast it pierced the Armour wounded him and flew in pieces but he fell not being tied to the Saddle Calichan retired to his Men decamped and marched away but left a Garrison to keep Possession of one Village But the Portugueses had like to have done themselves the Damage they might have feared from the Mogol being drawn up in order to fight among themselves on account of some Disputes about Superiority and about opposing Alfonso de Melo for imprisoning a Soldier A fortunate alarm prevented this Mischief 10. â—…mana da Rama King of Sarceta five Leâ—…ues Northward of Damam a Friend to the Portugueses being upon this occasion entruâ—…ed to secure the Women and Children covetous of the Riches they carried with them refused to restore them Martin Alfonso de Melo and Ferdinand de Miranda marched towards him with Eight hundred Portugueses whereof 140 Horse and 400 Musqueteers and 1000 of the Natives Being come in sight of the City Raumalaje the King sent to offer he would restore all provided they would proceed â—…o farther They thinking it was only to amuse them marched on The King with his Wife and Jewels getting on Elephants and being followed by the Inhabitants fled to a Mountain whence he could see the City plundered and burnt and all the Country about destroyed 11. The Enemy made some attempts upon our Quarters and at last the King â—…me in Person with a good number of Men for some time put our Men very hard to it but in the end was forced to fly and from his retreat sent to make entire restitution of all that had been demanded 12. In Ceylon Raju was preparing to fall upon Columbo The Vice-Roy sent five Sail to its Relief and Raju understanding it stirred not Iohn Correa de â—…to Commander of Columbo eased of that care sent back three of the Ships retaining only two 13. D. Hierome de Mascarennas who was with a Squadron in the Red Sea met with no Enemy but one Night the Sky being serene and clear they all saw a great opening in the Region of the Air with such brightness as enlightned all the Sea then there fell abundance of Flames like flashes of Powder This lasted not long the Night after it continued clear as before and they sailed to Ormuz 14. The Kings of Lara always aspired to raise themselves above those of Ormuz as formerly they had been He that now reigned resolving to possess himself of all Mogostan and leading a powerful Army had taken several Towns and kept the Fort of Ormuz in a manner besieged by hindring the resort of the neighbouring Country People who supply it with Provisions The King of Ormuz who was equally apprehensive of this danger had a Conference with D. Gonzalo de Meneses Commander of the Fort and having adjusted Matters they both set out in August when the heat of the Sun is intollerable to meet the Enemy The King led 3000 Men D. Gonzalo 800 choice Portugueses with a train equal to the greatest Princes These 800 were divided into three Bodies They marched to the Fort of Xamel which they judged impregnable not so much 〈◊〉 Art as its natural Situation in it were Fire hundred Lâ—…ines the flower of that 〈◊〉 15. In â—…ing our Cannon we lost one Man and had many Wounded The Fort was battâ—…d Twenty Days without any Effect The Battery was removed against a Bastion â—…ar the Gate where it soon made a consâ—…consâ—…able impression The Bastion was assaulâ—…d and gained with the loss of six Men. 16. The Battery was removed thither and continued playing till the King of Lara dying and his two Sons falling at variance about the Succession instead of relieving the Besieged they were forced to surrender upon Condition to march out with their Baggage As they marched the Amadises of the Army of Ormuz who had feigned themselves 〈◊〉 Friends only to get the opportunity of revenging the Affronts received from them in the Persons of their Wives and Daughters now suddenly fell upon them killed 150 and had destroyed the rest had not the King and D. Gonzalo interposed Milascar one of their Officers was killed by our Men whom he assaulted believing them the Breakers of the Articles 17. Xascambar another of their Officers more discreet put himself into the Protection of D. Gonzalo who found much difficulty to save him The Amadises begged of him since he would not suffer them to kill him he would at least permit them to lay their Mouths to his Wounds to suck his Blood in revenge of their Affronts with great trouble he appealed them The King put Coiecenadam with Five hundred Men into the Fort and returned to â—…z Immediately after Provisions â—…w grown scarce in the City were plentifully brought to it 18. At the same time the King of Achem came to Malaca with 150 Sail and finding two Ships in that River batter'd them the space of fifteen days D. Iohn de Gaâ—… who commanded there and whose time was now expiring was most vigilant till Rocque de Melo succeeded him The Enemy weary with battering the Ships resolved to burn them and had compassed it had not Bartholomew Fernandez a Mulato with two Souldiers turned off from them a flaming Vessel designed to set them on Fire 19. Nunno Monteyro coming from the Sreight of Singapura in a Galliot with sixty Portugueses most of them born at Malaca had the boldness to attack all that Fleet. Though it seem fabulous at the first onset he made all those 150 Sail give way then the greatest of them boarded him and he had visibly the better of them when some spark of Fire falling into his Powder blew up him his Vessel and all the Men Yet this
got off This done our Ship cast Anchor in an advantageous Place but next day received Orders to put to Sea where she would find the Fleet to defend her She was no sooner out but the Turks attack her yet after a desperate fight again left her But the third Day the Enemy coming on again burnt her few of the Men escaping Death and those remaining in Captivity 16. The Ship called St. Iohn another of the two built in India had no better Fortune for springing a leak she was with much labour of Pumping brought as far as the Cape of Good Hope where three Holland Ships pursued her 20 Days whereof 8 were spent in fight Our Ship being totally disabled offered to surrender upon Conditions but whilst they treated a Storm parted them and she was drove aground full of Water two Leagues from the Shore in the Bay of Lagoa which is in the Lat. of 32 Deg. The Captain was forced with his own hand to kill a troublesom Pilot who to save himself and 30 more would expose all the rest to perish inevitably 17. The Captain landed the Ammunition and Provisions with the loss of 9 Men and marched with 260 towards Zofala having burnt the Ship and saved the Diamonds Pearls Amber and Musk. They marched in sight of the Sea carrying the Women on their Shoulders Having set forward the beginning of September about the end of November being weary of carrying those things of value they cast into a River all the Musk. 18. Those who carried the Women could no longer hold out tho' many thousand Ducats were promised them A Maid not able to go a foot was left to the Mercy of Cafres or Fury of wild Beasts A young Man her Brother would have stayed with her but was not permitted and he soon after died for Grief 19. Some Men died with Fatigue and the strongest conspired to take all the Diamonds and march faster The Captain being informed of it slew him he thought to be the Ringleader of that Contrivance About the middle of December those who carried four Women would do it no longer 10000 Ducats were offered to any to undertake it but none accepted the offer Sixteen were left behind with their Slaves who murdered them and afterwards overtaking the Company and being examined were hanged Hunger forced them to eat these and others that died The Captain Morales died and Francis Vaz de Almada succeeded him There were but 150 Men left and half of them not able to fight when the King of Mocaranga assails them with 1000 Cafres and robs them killing some Those that escaped came to Moçambique having travelled 500 Leagues with unspeakable Misery 20. At this time Ruy Freyre de Andrade who had but Three hundred Portugueses in the Fort of Queixome with some of the Natives and Arabs that came afterwards was besieged by the Sultan of Xiras with 20000 Men and the Fort began to be undermined Freyre defended himself with much valour but the News being brought that the English Succours were at hand the Defendants dismayed CHAP. XIX Continues the Government of Ferdinand de Albuquerque 1. FReyre being besieged by Sea and Land the English and Persians being joined Simon de Melo came from Goa with 13 Sail rather to affront than relieve them 2. The Commander of Ormuz who somewhat comforted Freyre in these Troubles died and Simon de Melo by the Governor's Order succeeded him which was another wrong done to Freyre because according to the ancient Custom he being Admiral of that Sea ought to have succeeded This was the Ruin of Ormuz for had he been there it had not been lost Freyre nevertheless desisted not from sending advice to Ormuz which Melo slighted relying on the Strength of the Place though it was in no posture of Defence the Commanders of it for many Years having only taken care to enrich themselves so that there was but little Cannon and that lay on the Ground without Carriages and stopped up with Earth 3. The English offered Freyre honourable Conditions if he would surrender but he refused thinking Ships would have come that Night from Ormuz to carry him off and dismantle the Fort. D. Gonzalo de Silveyra came with only one Barque carrying some Ammunition a small Relief in that Distress Freyre seeing this sent fresh Advice to Melo how to act in his own defence and he taking it in ill part writ to the Governor accusing Freyre of Arrogance and Ignorance for pretending from Queixome to instruct and terrifie him 4. Freyre no longer able to withstand the English and Persians resolved to burn the Fort and die honourably in the Field but his Men crying they would not cast away their Lives to no purpose designed to deliver him up to the English and some leaped from the Wall into the Sea to save themselves Freyre was forced to capitulate to march out on the side of Arabia with his Colours Arms and Ammunition the Capitulation was not observed for the Portugueses were stripped the Natives delivered to the Persians who put them to the Sword Freyre and four Captains sent Prisoners to Surat 5. Melo at Ormuz thinking the Enemy would be satisfied with the taking of Queixome began to treat of Peace with the Persians but to no effect Above 12000 Persians came over in their Barques and the English in 6 Ships besieging the Town and furiously battering it 6. Luis de Brito agreeing with others who loved not to expose their Lives was let down from the Wall by a Rope concluded Articles of Surrender with the English and returned to the Town to put them in Execution Simon de Melo seemed to oppose the Surrender but the Soldiers feigning to mutiny for it was supposed to be done by his Direction the Enemy entred the Town above 2000 Portugueses of both Sexes and all Ages were sent stripped to Mascate leaving a great Treasure and the Honour of their Country in the Enemies Hands 7. Mean while Freyre who was Prisoner with the four Captains made his Escape and having lost one of them with the other three got to Damam thence to Baçaim and at last to Mascate Constantine de Sa was then there with Succours for Ormuz and they were upon going thither when the People that were dispossessed of that Place appeared Freyre insisted to go on hoping to surprize the Enemy but could not prevail upon Sa so he went away to Goa and Embarqued for Portugal 8. At this time the Mogol was highly respected by all the Eastern Princes and there resided at his Court several Ambassadors who carried him rich Presents One sent by the King of Massanapatan was valued at Two Millions consisting of Elephants with costly Trappings Camels and precious Sâ—…ones 9. The Portugueses who in the Years 1â—…42 and 1â—…45 had escaped the Destruction of the Cities Liampo and Chincheo lived in the Island Lampaçau till the Year 1557 they then built the City Macao the greatest we have in Asia next to Goa The manner was thus
Province of America called Brazill for the abundance of that Wood which it produces and hither had he been drove by Storms Having left this Port on the 12th of May he saw a Comet stretching its Tail to the Cape of Good Hope which vanished in eight days and was the forerunner of a terrible Storm insomuch that the day growing dark they could not see each other or hear with the horrid noise of the Winds 20 days this Tempest lasted and swallowed four Ships The Admiral arrived with only six Ships of all his Fleet upon the 16th of Iuly on the Coast of Zofala He chased two Ships the one was stranded the other taken they belonged to Moors and came from the Mine of Zofala commanded by Xeque Foteyma The Admiral treated him courteously restoring all that was taken because he was Uncle to the King of Melinde who deserved well of the Portugueses for the kind Offices Vasco de Gama had received of him in time of need Having quitted the Moor he arrived at Mozambique on the 20th of Iuly where he refitted and held on his Voyage 3. Coasting along he came to an Anchor before the antient and noble City Quiloa Abraham a Man renowed among his People and rich with the Trade of Zofala then reigned there The Admiral sent him word he had important Affairs to communicate to him from our King The Answer was that he should come ashoar and he would hear him He replied That according to his Instructions it was not permitted him to land unless to fight such as refused the Friendship of Portugal but that in respect to such a Prince he would meet him in a Boat in the middle of that Bay This Answer was surprising and Fear wrought more than Kindness Several Boats were set out on both sides richly adorned and filled with Musick Our Commander proposed Amity Trade and Religion The Moor gave good words but disguised ill designs This known a Councel was held the Resolution was to go on leaving the Revenge for a fitter opportunity and thus they arrived at Melinde the second of August where they were received with all kindness not only upon account of the Friendship established with Vasco de Gama but also for the Generosity wherewith Xeque Foteyma had been treated They visited and presented each other Ours which was considerable was carried by the Factor Ayres Correa together with a Letter from our King writ in Arabick which was so highly prised by that King that to the end he might keep the Bearer ashoar that night he sent the Admiral the Ring whereon was his Seal the greatest security of those Kings He told how much he was infested by the King of Monbaça for having admitted our Friendship renewed and confirmed it with words and actions Soon after our Ships sailed having taken in two Guzarat Pilots and set ashoar two Men in order to discover Prester Iohn's Country the antient desire of our Princes 4. On St. Bartholomew Eve they reached Anchediva The Vessels were wash'd and tallow'd they watered and dealt with the People by signs and left them satisfied Then they stood over for Calicut and discovered it the 17th of September The Natives beheld us with Pleasure and Admiration our Cannon was fired for joy but struck a terror into the People on the Shoar who fled Ayres Correa who had this employment at Melinde went to advertise the King Zamori He setled the manner how the King and Admiral should meet which was done with much circumspection There were given as Hostages for the safety of the Admiral and such as should land with him six of the Kings principal Ministers of the Family of the Bramenes whose Names he brought from Portugal by the advice of Moncayde The Prisoners that Vasco de Gama took were also returned in performance of what he had writ to Zamori and that they might give an account of what they had seen in Portugal 5. The Embassie was delivered with much state it tending only to the settling Peace and Commerce After much delay proceeding from Jealousie Peace was concluded and sworn to and a House in the Town with much difficulty granted for the conveniency of Trade Ayres Correa took possion of it with sixty able Men. The Merchants of Meca obstructed our getting lading complaint was made to the King but no redress 6. The cause of it was the enmity between two Moorish Governours one of the Sea the other of the Land Affairs the first called Coje Bequi the other Coje Cemireci This last was offended that our Factor had made greater application to the other than to him and contrived to be revenged as follows He was informed there sailed from Cochin a City distant about 30 Leagues a very great Ship of Ceylon bound for Cambaya with Elephants who must pass before us He therefore told the Factor that the King having desired one of those Beasts was refused it by the Owners that if our Men would take the Ship they would oblige the King forward their own business and possess themselves of a great quantity of Spice which the Merchants of Meca had there His design was that we should receive damage in the attempt that Ship being of great bulk and to this purpose gave notice to the Owners that they might be the better provided and in case that did not succeed at least hereby we should disoblige the Merchants of Cochin The Admiral sent after the Ship Peter de Ataide in the St. Peter who gave her chase she made no account of our Vessel till some of our Balls reaching her she bore upon us pouring in her shot then made away and was pursued and taken out of the Bay of Cananor There were aboard seven Elephants whereof one was killed by a Cannon Ball and eaten by our men This contrivance was of advantage to discover the Author to terrifie the King seeing such a Vessel taken by one that was not above the sixth part of her bulk and to gain the Friendship of the King of Cochin for the Admiral discovering the fraud restored the Ship to the Owners making satisfaction for the damage Here it was that Duarte Pacheco Pereyra gave the first marks of that Heroick Valour which after made him renowned in all the World 7. This evil design turned to our advantage but not the next for the Ships having been there three Months there were but two laden and at a dear rate and the Factor suspecting that the Ships of Meca laded by night which hindred ours complained to the King who ordered him to make Prize of such Boats They entred and found nothing for it was a contrivance of the Moors to incense the People against the Portugueses and so it fell out for the attempt being divulged the Rabble rises in search of the Factor and his Company whereof they suddenly slew forty the others with five Franciscan Fryers escaped that Storm The Admiral before the blood of those slain was cool in a rage burnt fifteen great
500 Leagues and has seven Kingdoms subject which are Cambodia Como Lanchaam Cheneray Chencran Chiamay Camburii and Chaypumo The King has 30000 Elephants whereof he carries out 3000 armed to War and 50000 men only of the City Udia Metropolis of his Empire The King of China alone in extent exceeds them all and all the Princes of Europe put together China is above 700 Leagues in length it has abundance of all sorts of Metals and exceeds Europe in Manufactures some of their Works seem beyond Human Wit the Silks Provisions and Pleasures wherewith it abounds are beyond computation 3. All the Heathens of India chiefly between Indus and Ganges write upon Palm Leaves without Ink with Wooden or Steel Pens which easily cut the Letters on the Leaf whereof I have seen some in Rome curiously folded what they design should be lasting they carve on Stone or Copper they begin on the left Hand their Histories are fabulous 600 years before the arrival of the Portugueses in India there was a King so powerful in Malabar that the People began their Era or Computation of Time from his Reign as they did afterwards from our arrival He was persuaded by the Moors that traded in his Ports to turn Mahometan and gave them leave to build Calicut Being old he divided his Kingdoms among his Kindred To the Chief he gave that of Coulan where he placed the Head See of the Religion of the Bramens and called him Cobritim that is the same as High Priest to his Nephew he gave Calicut with all the Temporal Dominion calling him Zamori that is the same with Emperour This last Dignity continues in the same place the other was translated to Cochin Having disposed of his Dominions he resolved to die at Meca but was drowned by the way Calicut is a plain Country well watered plentiful of Pepper and Ginger all other Spice it has from its Neighbours The People are very Superstitious and do not suffer those of one Trade or Profession to marry into another or put their Children to Learn The Nayres who are their Nobles if they chance to touch any of the Commons cleanse themselves by washing as the Samaritans and Jews The Women of the Nayres are common to them all but chiefly the Bramens therefore know no Father nor is any bound to maintain them They are most expert at their Weapons beginning to exercise them at the age of seven years They use all the antient manners of Augury and Divination 4. The Viceroy Don Francisco de Almeyda had an interview ashoar with the King of Cananor who brought with him 5000 men well armed He acquainted him he came to reside some time in India by reason of some troubles that were so inflamed with the Zamori King of Calicut He asked leave to build a Fort in the Harbour and it was granted Having begun it he left there Lorenço de Brito to command with 150 men and two Vessels to cruise upon the Coast. Being arrived at Cochin he received the News that the Factor of Coulan with all his men were killed by the Moors He sent his Son Don Lorenço with three Ships and three Caravels with Orders to procure Lading without taking notice of what had past but in case of denial to revenge the slaughter The Messenger was answered by a Shower of Arrows and twenty four Ships of Calicut and other places prepared to receive ours Don Lorenço after pouring in his Shot liberally burnt them all only a few of the Moors were saved by swimming Don Lorenço then went to load in another Port. 5. He returned to Cochin where his Father according to his Instructions was preparing to Crown Triumpara that King in recompence of the Gallantry wherewith he had defended the Portugueses against their Enemies But he being retired to follow a Religious Life and his Nephew Nambeadâ—…ra left Successor it was thought fit to bestow the same Honour upon him He was Crowned with great Solemnity with a Crown of Gold set with Jewels carried from Portugal for that purpose This was a security for that Prince and a terror to others six Ships were now sent home richly laden 6. King Emanuel to secure the Trade of the Gold of Zofala had caused a Fort to be built at Quiloa another at Moçambique and a Factory at Melinde After Don Francisco he sent out Pedro de Annaya with six Ships to build a Fort at Zofala three of the Ships were to go on to India and return with lading the other three to cruise on the Coast of Zofala One of the Captains fell overboard and was lost another had 16 men killed in an Island where he landed The others found Don Pedro de Annaya in the Port of Zofala He obtained leave of that King and raised a Fort whereby the Trade was secured which that King never intended imagining that the Country being unhealthful the Portugueses would be obliged to quit it Here Annaya found twenty Portugueses in a miserable condition after travelling with great hardships from Cape Corientes where they were forced to run their Ship ashoar being no longer able to keep above water Their Captain was Lope Sanchez whom they would not obey ashoar but dividing travelled in several Companies through those unknown Countries They were all lost except these twenty and five found by Antony de Magallanes in the River Quiloame who brought them to Zofala CHAP. X. A Continuation of the Conquests the same Year 1506. and the Government of the same Viceroy Don Francisco de Almeyda 1. THE Kingdom of Zofala is a large tract of Land of 750 Leagues circumference subject to the Monomotapa that is Emperour of that South Part of Africk called by the same Name or Ethiopia Inferior it is watered by these two Famous Rivers Rio del Espiritu Santo and Cuama the latter Navigable 250 Leagues These and many other Rivers that fall into them have Golden Sands Most part of the Land enjoys a Temperate Air pleasant wholsom and fruitful In part it bears great flocks of Sheep of the Skins whereof the Natives are Cloathed because of the cold South Winds Along the Banks of Cuama the Country is Mountanous covered with Woods and watered with many Rivers which make it delightful and therefore the best Peopled and the common residence of the Monomopata It is abundantly stocked with Elephants and consequenty Ivory and Mines of Gold encompassed 30 Leagues about with Mountains on the tops whereof the Air is serene and clear They are called the Mines of Manica 50 Leagues South-west of Zofala there are others 150 Leagues distant none then much valued by their Owners Here are some Buildings of wonderful Structure with Inscriptions of unknown Characters but the Natives know nothing of their Foundation They believe in one God under the Name of Mozima and use no Idols Witchcraft Theft and Adultery are most severely punished by them They have as many Wives as they can maintain the Kings are above 1000 but the first commands the
others and her Children inherit In their Funerals they are superstitious their Cloathing Cotton the better sort mixed with some Gold Threads the Houses of Wood. The Kings Attendance is more ceremonious than great his Guard 200 Dogs and is always followed by 500 Jesters He is Sovereign over many Princes and because they rebel always keeps their Heirs about him There are no Law Suits among them they fight a foot their Arms are Arrows Javelins or Darts Daggers and small sharp Hatchets The Women are so much respected that if the King's Son meets one he gives her the way and stops till she pass 2. The Moors of Magadoxa were the first that possessed these Mines of Zofala after them those of Quiloa whose Kings were possessed thereof till Yçuf one of their Governours rebelled and usurped the Sovereignty to himself with the Title of King and was the same with whom Pedro de Annaya now treated and in this place he built the Fort so much desired by King Emanuel strong though of Wood. The three trading Ships sailed toward India under the Command of Peter Barreto Francisco de Annaya was ordered by his Father to secure the Coast up to Cape Guardafu with two Ships both Vessels were lost and the Captains saved in their Boats 3. Whilst the Sea swallowed the Guard of the Coast the Moors studied the destruction of Peter de Annaya at Zofala The King's Son-in-law persuaded him to get rid of them at such time as they were so weak through Diseases contracted by the strange Air that they joined six of them to bend a Cross-bow The King laying hold of this opportunity surrounds the place with 5000 Cafres and fills the Ditch with Faggots then gives the assault darkning the Sun with Showers of Arrows but our Cannon being well played made such havock that they filled with their Carcases the part of the Ditch they had not levelled with Wood. Only 35 Portugueses who were able to carry Arms did all this execution Afterwards Peter de Annaya sallied with 15 or 20 Moors and drove the Cafres first to a Wood of Palm-trees and then to their Dwellings with such consternation that they cried out the King of Zofala bad called them to fight against God Peter de Annaya with a few men attacks the Town by night and entring the King's House he stood behind the Door with a Cimiter and as Annaya entred wounded him in the Neck but was soon killed with many more Next day his Sons with all the Moors assaulted the Fort but in vain for the fright cured many of the sick who joyning in the common defence the Enemy was repulsed The two Brothers fell out about the Succession to the Crown and Solyman gaining Annaya was by him Crowned and for his own security made a strong Alliance with and supported the Portugueses 2. Whilst these things hapned at Zofala in India the Zamori of Calicut had stirred up the Soldan of Cayre and hoped with his assistance to drive us out of these Seas this was not so private but the King of Cochin had intelligence of it and advertised the Viceroy Don Francisco who sent his Son Laurence with 11 Sail to prevent or put a stop to the design As he visited some Ports news was brought him that in the Road of Cananor was a Fleet of 260 Paraos whereof 60 exceeded our Ships in bulk He directs his course towards them and after a very sharp engagement they were put to flight pursued and some taken but many sunk and obliged to run aground with great loss to the Enemy and of his own only five or six men the chiefest part of the Booty was four Ships laden with Spice Don Lorenço had scarce time to breath after this Victory when he understood the Fort of Anchediva was beset by 60 Vessels of Moors and Gentiles well armed and resolute commanded by a Renegado The besieged behaved themselves gallantly and no less the Besiegers but having lost some Vessels tore by our Cannon and hearing of the relief Don Lorenço was about to bring they went off with all possible speed 5. The Moors perceiving their Trade was cut off by the Portugueses thought to shun them by keeping out at Sea in their Voyages to Sumatra and Malaca where they went for Spice striking through the Maldivy Islands and bearing away South of Ceylon The Viceroy sent his Son from Cochin with nine Ships to infest that Course But the Pilots wandring through unknown Seas discovered the Island Ceylon formerly called Trapobana They anchored at the Port Gale where many Moors were lading Cinnamon and taking in Elephants for Cambaya They fearful of Don Lorenço's anger presented him in the name of the King with 400 Bahares of Cinnamon He well understood the contrivance but thought it at that time better to dissemble and content himself with the Present and discovery of the Island planting there a Cross with an Inscription signifying his arrival there In his return to Cochin he fell upon the Town of Biramjam which he burnt down putting all to the Sword in revenge for the Portugueses killed at Coulan because this Town belonged to that Crown 6. Cide Barbudo and Peter Quaresma coming with two Ships from Portugal after many misfortunes arrived at Zofala where they found Peter de Annay and most of his men wâ—…re dead and the rest sick Quarisma remained there to relieve the Fort and Barbudo sailing towards India found Quiloa in the same condition whereof he gave the Viceroy an account He sent with all speed Nunno Vaz Pereyra to the relief of the Fort who having repaired it and given necessary Orders went on to Zofala Nevertheless the Fort of Quiloa was afterwards razed by the same hands that built it after having cost many Lives all the effect of the ill usage of the Portugueses towards the Natives proceeding from their unlimited Pride and Boundless Avarice End of the First Part of the First Tome THE Portugues ASIA TOM I. PART II. CHAP. I. Conquests in India under King Emanuel from the Year 1506 till the Year 1508 the Viceroy Don Francisco still Governing and entring upon the Glorious Exploits of the Great Alfonso de Albuquerque and the Famous Tristan de Cunna 1. THE King had resolved to send Tristan de Cunna to Command the Trading Ships and Alfonso de Albuquerque to cruize on the Coast of Arabia when Iames Fernandez Piteyra discoverer of the Island Zocotora in the Mouth of the Red Sea arrived Being by him informed there were Christians there who were subject to the Moors he ordered the two Commanders to direct their course thither and endeavour to possess themselves of the Fort to the intent our Fleets might afterwards winter there and so the Navigation of that Gulf might be secured They carried with them a Wooden Fort to be set up there in case that which was there were not found serviceable On the 6th of March they sailed from Lisbon with 13 Vessels and 1300 Fighting-men whereof some being
somewhat careless on a sudden fell upon George Botello the Commander with his Gally all the Fleet folâ—…wing him but he was well received his â—…ally taken the Fleet put to flight and the King forced to leap overboard They took in the King of Campar and brought him to Malaca where he exercised the Charge of Bendara so excellently that in four Months time the City was visibly improved many People resorting to it who had fled to Mahomet offended at Ninachetu Mahomet perceiving the growth of the City caused by his Son-in-law Abdela to put a stop to it made use of a Fraud peculiar to a Moor. He gave out in private but so that it might be spread abroad that his Son-inlaw was gone over to Malaca by common consent and the same was done by such as seemed to fly from Bintam with a design to seize upon the Fort the first opportunity and deliver it to him as lawful Prince This secret as Mahomet had designed it was divulged at Malaca and had the effect he pretended for George de Albuquerque gave more credit to the Report than to the Honest proceeding of the Bendara who was tried and condemned as a Traytor and his Head cut off upon a publick Scaffold The City escaped not the punishment of this Crime being left almost desolate by the flight of the Inhabitants and then oppressed by Famine CHAP. X. From the Year 1514 till the Year 1515 concluding with the Government and Life of the Great Alfonso de Albuquerque 1. WHilst what is before related hapned at Malaca Albuquerque visited the Important Places of his Province and gave the necessary Orders for their security He dispatched Don Garcia de Noronha to Cochin thence to encourage the work of the Fort that was building at Calicut He appointed four Sail to cruize in the Mouth of the Red Sea under the Command of his Nephew Peter de Albuquerque with Orders to touch at Ormuz and receive the Tribute when it became due and then discover the Island of Baharem He dispatched Embassadors well attended to several Princes Iames Fernandez de Beja went to the King of Cambaya to treat about the Fort of Diu which he had consented to before and now refused induced thereto by Melique Az. The Embassadour returned with Presents to Albuquerque among other things a Rhinoceros or Abada which was afterwards lost in the Mediterranean being sent by King Emanuel to the Pope with other Rarities of India Iohn Gonzalez de Castellobranco was sent to Hidalcan about the pretensions of Goa to less effect than the other in the affairs of Diu. 2. In September arrived at Goa five Ships from Portugal under the Command of Christopher de Brito one was after lost bound for Cambaya care was taken to dispatch the lading of the others Albuquerque eased of these more Profitable than Honourable Cares prepared to set forwards yet unresolved whether he should steer to Ormuz or the Red Sea the King having Ordered both In order to fix a Resolution he consulted with his Captains It was agreed the Enterprize should be upon Ormuz a suitable determination to Albuquerque's desires On the 20th of February he directed his Course thither His Fleet consisted of 27 Sail 1500 Portugueses and 600 Malabares and Canaras They anchored in the Port of Ormuz on the 26th of March. Immediately came aboard a Visit and Presents from the King But what best pleased Albuquerque was that he found there Michael Ferreyra whom he had sent to Xeque Ismael of Persia to procure Amity with him whereof he brought great hopes 3. Raez Hamet was now possessed of the Favour of the King of Ormuz as Coje Atar had been with his Predecessoâ—… both these being dead Among other things Albuquerque sent to demand of him the delivery of the Fort he had begun there and that he should send some Principal Men with the Instrument of the Submission of that Kingdom made by King Ceyfadim All was consented to because there was no power to resist The Governour Raez Nordim came with his Nephew to ratifie all to whom Albuquerque gave rich Presents and by them sent the King a rich Coller of Gold no less valuable for the Workmanship than the Mettal and a Standard with the Portugues Arms to declare the Union between both Nations Publick demonstrations of Joy were made on both sides for this agreement with sound of Warlike Instruments and noise of Cannon On Palm Sunday Albuquerque took possession of the Fort before begun which in few days did rise to a great height and Albuquerque with some of his Captains went into the Houses neighbouring to it 4. Albuquerque prepared to receive an Embassador that came from the King of Persia with Michael Ferreyra with Presents on a Scaffold near those Houses this Audience was so long deferred to shew to those of Ormuz that so powerful a Prince sought his Friendship The King of Ormuz was at a Window to see this Reception The Present consisted of Ounces Brocards Precious Stones and Jewels of Gold and many Silks The Embassador was honourably received and the Treaty concluded with mutual satisfaction 5. Raez Hamet was come from Persia with a design to secure Ormuz and deliver it up to his King Ismael He so far gained upon the King that he absolutely governed him and nothing was done but by his direction The better to carry on the Enterpize he underhand brought People into Ormuz and was actually in readiness to kill the King but deferred it till a more favourable opportunity Albuquerque was informed of all these practices and how much the King desired to be delivered from that oppression he studied and Fortune offered him the occasion of executing it An interview was appointed between the King and Albuquerque His Evil Conscience warned Raez Hamet to shun that danger He proposed Albuquerque should come to the King lest the King going should carry him The other insisted that the King should come to him and carried it upon condition that neither Party should be Armed Some of Raez Hamet's Men broke the Condition carrying hidden Arms. He was armed himself and entring the first with much rudeness Albuquerque cried to his Captains kill him which was instantly obeyed The King came and the Conference began but was interrupted by the noise of the People supposing the King was killed Raez Hamet's Men knowing it was he who was slain ran and possessed themselves of and fortified the King's House Albuquerque would presently have scaled it but was hindred by the King who with the assistance of his Governours found other means to expel those Enemies the City They were to the number of 700 who all went away to Persia. This disorder was succeeded by the Pomp wherewith Albuquerque and all his Captains accompanied the King to his Pallace to the great Joy of the whole City seeing their Prince delivered from that Tyrany and restored to the Majesty of a King Then Albuquerque dispatched the King of Persia's Embassador sending along with
de Figueredo He set out in the Year 1542 with 80 Men in three Ships and laying aside the Enterprize through Covetousness went in search of some Ships of Meca on the Coast of Tanauçarim took them and in them a rich Booty but refusing them their shares they tied his Hands and Feet and left him on the Sands at Gale in the Island Ceylon Thus for that time was the King disappointed of that Discovery 10. The King of Aaru as well as he of the Bataas was first Victorious against him of Achem then beaten and killed He had also received supplies of Arms and Ammunition from Peter de Faria This King of Achem's Design was to Conquer this Kingdom which hindred his passage to Malaca by Land being now convinced it was impossible to take it by Sea 11. Some time after Faria sent his Factor Pinto with a Present and Letter to the King of Patane desiring him to procure the liberty of five Portugueses then Slaves at Siam to his Brother-in-Law He was also to deliver Goods of the Value of Ten thousand Ducats to his Factor at Pam. They had made up Fifty thousand Crowns in Diamants Pearls and Gold and were ready to Sail next day when a sudden Confusion hapning that Night they lost all There resided in that City an Embassadour from the King of Borneo with his Wife He catched the King of Pam lying with her and killed him The Death of the King being noised the People ran about not so much for Revenge as to Rob. About Four thousand Men were presently butchered the two Factors being robbed and some of their Companions killed escaped and fled to Patane They and other Portugueses asked leave of that King to make Reprizal on three Vessels belonging to the Merchants of Pam which came richly laden from China and were then at Anchor 18 Leagues off in the River Calantam He consented they set out to the number of 80 in Three Ships and after a sharp Engagement took and brought the Vessels into Patane The Prize was worth above Three hundred Thousand Ducats The People of Patane pressed the King to take them from the Portugueses but he urged the Fifty thousand Crowns ought to be made good The Merchants accepted the Condition paid the Mony and continued their Voyage CHAP. V. Sundry Exploits of Captain Antony Faria from the Year 1540 till that of 1542 during the Government of D. Stephen de Gama 1. WHile what is above-related happened the Three years last past Antony de Faria and Sousa did Actions deserving Eternal Fame which I shall relate without affection to our Kindred but with my usual sincerity 2. Peter de Faria Commander of Malaca sent his Kinsman Antony de Faria and Sousa to the King of Patane to treat of important Affairs and preserve the Peace which was very beneficial to that place He carried with him Goods to the Value of Twelve thousand Ducats and finding no Sale for them there sent them to the Port of Lugor in the Kingdom of Siam a place of great Trade where he was informed they would go off to great advantage He committed this Affair to Christopher Borallo who being come to an Anchor in the Mouth of that River was surprized by Coja Hazem a Moor of Guzarate in a Vessel well stored with Artillery and Manned with 80 Turks aâ—…d Moors This Coja was a sworn Enemy to the Portugueses ever since Hector de Silveyra took a Ship of his in the Sea of Diu killing his Father and two Brothers and had kept his Oath robbing and murthering all he met 3. Borallo thought himself happy that he escaped falling into the Pyrats hands leaving his Vessel and swimming ashoar He carried the News to Antony Faria at Patane who Vowed never to desist till he had destroyed that Moor. This was the Motive that led him to all those brave Actions He fitted a small Vessel with 50 Men and sailed from Patane on Saturday the 8th of May. 4. He steered North-East towards the Kingdom of Champa to examine that Coast and saw the Island Pulo Condor in the Latitude of 3 Degrees 20 Minutes then to the Eastward rounded one six Leagues from the Continent of Cambodia Entring the Port of Bralapisam he found there a Vessel of the Lequii that had on board an Embassadour from the Prince of the Island Lossa in the Latitude of 36 Degrees to the King of Siam As soon as this Vessel spied ours they weighed Anchor and sailed Faria sent after them a Chinese Pylot with a Civil Message who brought back this remarkable Answer We return Thanks The time will come when our Nation shall have commerce with that Captains in real Friendship through the Law of the Supream God whose Clemency is boundless since by his death he gave life to all Mankind and remains an everlasting Faith in the House of the Good We confidently hold this will be when half the Times are past He also brought a rich Cimiter in a Case of beaten Gold the Hilt and Scabbord of the same set with some Pearls of value The Captain would have made some Return but the Vessel could not be overtaken 5. Thence he Coasted to the River Pulo Cambier which divides the Kingdoms of Cambodia and Tsiompa At the Town Catimparâ—… he was informed that great River had its beginning in the Lake Pinator 260 Leagues Westward in the Kingdom of Quitirvam encompassed with high Mountains about which were 38 Towns 13 of them considerable one whereof was Xincaleu where was a Gold Mine which yielded yearly 22 Millions of Crowns It belonged to four Lords who had continual Wars about it At Bauquerim another Mine of the best Diamonds Treasures according to the disposition of that Country might be easily conquered by us 6. Coasting along still he Anchored in the Mouth of the River Toobasoy fearing to go up it Suddenly they spied a great Vessel to which making signs of Peace they received a rude Answer Night coming on it was thought fit to expect the Day but in the Dark they discovered first one then three Vessels and Counterfeiting they leapt 40 out of the first Vessel boarded them who were all slain and their Vessel taken the others burnt A Black that was taken declared He was a Christian and Slave to Gaspar de Melo whom with 26 Portugueses that Pyrat had taken and dashed out their Brains and that he had left another large Vessel richly laden in the Port with only a few Sea-men This Pyrat was found to be Similau and he with the other Prisoners were put to the same Death they delighted to give to others As soon as Day appeared he took the other Vessel and found the Booty in Silver only amounted to 60000 Ducats besides other Goods 7. Thus increased he goes on to the River Tinacoreu or Varela where the Siam and Malaca Ships Trading for China barter their Goods for Gold Calamba and Ivory with which that Country abounds He Anchored off of Tayquileu a small Town the
sent the year before by King Emanuel entered not upon the Government till the twenty second of Ianuary of this year King Iohn III. being on the Throne whose Father died the thirteenth of December foregoing He brought with him twelve Ships Having taken the Government and sent the Commanders to their Posts he began to feel the effects of his Predecessors putting Portugues Officers into the Custom-House of Ormuz He received advice the Moors had taken Arms killed some Men and besieged the Fort. D. Luis his Brother was immediately sent with relief and Simon de Andre made Commander of Chaul who began his Charge with taking two Turkish Gallies and a Victory in Dabul which reduced that City to pay Tribute Melique Az. terrified with this Success and the arrival of D. Luis of whose Actions in Africk he was informed withdrew his Vessels from before Chaul 2. The Cause of D. Luis his going to Ormuz was the Insurrection which was occasioned by the avarice of the Portugues Officers there Iames Lopez had placed them there against his Will in Obedience to the King's Commands and at the persuasion of Men who loved Novelties and said the reason the Tribute of Ormuz was not well paid was that the Officers cheated the King to prevent which it was convenient to place Portugueses in their stead To the avarice used by the Portugueses was added the Violence they offered to the persons and honor of those people forcing their Daughters and Wives from them D. Garcia Coutino then commanded that Fort with whom that King conferred about sending a Present and Embassy to our King to obviate the Inconveniences that Innovation produced This Means was prevented and so it broke out to the great loss of the Portugueses For sudddenly by night they were attacked by Sea and Land with Fire and Sword at Ormuz Baharem Mascate Curiate and Soar by private Order from the King and above one hundred and twenty of them killed Ruy Boto was put to great Torments by the Moors in defence of the Faith At morning some of our Men died endeavouring to relieve others All things being disposed the best the time would permit and the Ships secured under the shelter of the Fort D. Garcia sent advice to the Governor Mean while he was besieged had two Vessels burnt and feared Hunger and Thirst. Tristan Vaz de Vega and Manuel de Sousa received advice hereof at Mascate and prepared to carry Relief Tristan Vaz arrived first and made his way to the Fort through one hundred and sixty Sail that lay before it Two days after appeared Manuel de Sousa's Ship at an anchor two Leagues off It was dangerous for the Fort to relieve him and dangerous for all if he was not relieved Tristan Vaz with his Ship ventured to his Aid through the hundred and sixty Sail of Enemies eighty of them pursued him making way with full Sails and Manuel de Sousa thinking him an Enemy did some harm till undeceived he was taken into the Ship The King of Ormuz in a rage lays a heap of Gold on one side and a heap of Womens Attire on the other the one for such as should take Tristan and Emanuel Prisoners the other â—…or such as behaved themselves not couragiously Some being covetous of the Reward and others fearful of the Disgrace they manned one hundred and thirty Vessels and set upon that one which through Showers of Bullets and Arrows made its way to the Fort and brought new Life to the besieged with the Relief it had on Board 3. The King of Ormuz began to despair of shaking off the Portugues Yoke and fearing the punishment of his Revolt executed one more grievous upon himself than he could have received from those he had offended He resolved to quit the City and go over to the Island Queixome which lies fifteen Leagues in length close to the Perâ—… Shoar and three Leagues from Ormuz is fruitful but not healthy Privately he commanded all the Inhabitants to follow him and then barbarously set fire to that beautiful City which was four Days and Nights burning And yet some Gentlemen from our Fort held intelligence with the King advising how he should behave himself with the next Governour to be restored and this they did in hopes to be inriched by him Our Men tho astonished at this brutal Action were delivered from the danger of the Siege and going out to see if any thing were left in the City only found Water in Cisterns and Fire in all the Houses Soon after came in a Ship from India with Provisions and another with Ammunition 4. D. Luis de Meneses sent by the Goververnor his Brother to Ormuz did nothing of Note by the way but arrived at the Town of Soar with ten Sail. This Town they destroyed with Fire and Sword and then gave it to Xecâ—… Hozem to hold of the King of Portugal Mean while his own Favourites murdered the King of Ormuz at Queixome and crowned Mamud Xa a Youth of thirteen years of Age Son to the late King 5. D. Luis arrived at Queixome and after several Designs that took no effect came to aâ—… Treaty with the new King It was agreed that the King should return to Ormuz that he should pay the former Tribute of twenty thousand Xeraphins and the Arrears due that the Portugues Commanders should not meddle with the Government of his City and to conclude all that King sent D. Luis a Present of Pearls Gold Jewels and Silks for our King and another for himself which he accepted not but to be sent with the other as was publickly done Then D. Luis dispatched three Ships for Goa which were to take lading there for Portugal One of them perished in a violent storm on the Coast of Mascate D. Luis followed soon after and came to Goa 6. He found the Governor his Brother and all the City in Tears for the Death of King Emanuel the News whereof was brought by one of three Ships that came from Portugal this year whereof two had wintered at Mozambique The Goverâ—…or went over to Cochin to dispatch the trading Ships for Portugal and other parts At this time D. Pedro de Castro was not idle at Mozambique for being informed by Iohn de Mata who commanded that Fort that the Island Querimba and the adjacent denied the Tribute to those of Zanzibar and Pemba whereby they were disabled from paying theirs to us he went to Querimba with an hundred Men and after a shaâ—…p Fight burnt the City and obliged the Lord of it to pay the Tribute the others terrified by this Example submitted At his return he wasi n great danger by Storms and Hunger and his Cousin D. Christopher killed by the Blacks who defended the Fruit of certain Trees which our Men were carried to taste by Hunger not Curiosity D. Diego de Melo went now with him to Goa D. Pedro's Ship being at an Anchor in that Port suddenly sunk down right being very old whereby it
them and that in that of Coulam was the burying place of Sibila Indica by whose advice King Perimal of Ceylon went to the Coast of Mascate to meet the other two Kings that were going to adore Christ newly born at Bethlehem That the same King at the Intreaty of the Sibil brought her the Picture of the Blessed Virgin which was kept in the same Tomb. This was the Invention of the Relicts of that Heavenly Messenger in India And gave occasion to build the City at this time called S. Thomas a Portugues Colony in the Port of Paleacate seven Leagues from the Ruins of the most ancient Meliapor CHAP. VIII Continues the Government of D. Duarte de Meneses from the Year 1522 till the Year 1524 King John then reigning 1. ANtony de Miranda de Azevedo was this year Commander of the Fort of Pacem in the Island Sumatra On the Western Coast of this Island are six Moorish Kingdoms The chief was that of Pedir to which were subject those of Achem and Daga But falling to War that of Achem gained the Superiority He of Pedir took the protection of our Fort against his ill Fortune D. Andres Enriquez then commanded it sent to that Post from Portugal with D. Duarte de Meneses 2. The Tyrant of Achem scoured the Sea and Land with a great Power till coming to the City Pedir he endeavoured to draw to his snare the King who had taken the Portugues Protection To compass his Design he prevailed with the Men of that City to write a Letter to the King telling him he might safely come thither his Enemy being already expelled and that he might easily destroy him with the assistance of the Portuguses He gave credit to the letter desired the assistance of the Commander who gave him eighty Portugueses and two hundred Moors commanded by his Brother D. Emanuel in small Vessels of Oars The King marched along the Shore with above a thousand armed Elephants He was received at Pedir with feigned Joy and a Design to take him Prisoner that night which was deferred to secure the Portugueses The King being informed of the danger next day fled with two Elephants and some Men. The Portugueses were left on the Shore exposed to the Enemies Darts and Arrows D. Emanuel and thirty five of them were killed the rest fled With this loss D. Andres lost also the hopes of maintaining the Fort. He asked Provisions of Raphael Perestello who was at Charigam the chief Port of Bengala Dominick Seixas was immediately sent with a Ship who was stopped by thirty Portugueses who were turned Pirates in that Sea commanded by Games Iago Seixas landed at Tenacari to get Provisions and one Brito making himself Captain of the Pyrats Gago being dead and flying with a Vessel that was laden in the Port left Seixas and seventeen Portugueses ashore who were afterwards Slaves in the Kingdom of Siam Such is the Fate of those who trust them that have violated all human and divine Laws 3. D. Andres advertised the Governor of the Condition he was in desiring a Successor to command the Fort Lope de Azevedo was sent to whom he would not deliver the Post through Covetousness of acquiring more having already gained much there Azevedo returned to India The King of Achem over-runs all that Country with Fire and Sword enters the City Pacem with fifteen thousand Men and summons D. Andres to quit the Fort. He after sustaining three Assaults to save the Riches he had there withdraws leaving the Command to his Brother-in law Ayres Coello who couragiously took upon him this danger he saw the other shun But the Sea forced back D. Andres to the danger he avoided 4. D. Andres sailing for India met Sebastian de Sousa and Martin Correa with two Ships bound for the Island Banda to load Spices Sousa came from Madagascar whither he was sent by King Emanuel to build a Fort in Port Matatane which was not executed because the Ship wherein were the Materials for the Work was cast away These two Captains hearing by D. Andres the Condition of Pacem went directly to that Port. Ayres Coello had then stood a furious Assault with loss of a Post. The Enemy seeing this Relief abated of their heat and D. Andres after eight days resisting was forced back by the Weather Above eight thousand Enemies one night encompassed the Fort in which were three hundred and fifty Portugueses some sick some wounded and all spent with labour and watching With great silence they applied above seven hundred scaling Ladders and mounted with great Shouts The Dispute was hotly maintained on both sides till some Ships being fired gave light to each other and to level our Cannon which killed many of the Enemy and two Elephants The morning discovered two thousand Men slain about the Fort on our side only one Woman killed by an Arrow in her Chamber The remaining six thousand retired leaving half their scaling Ladders and Fire-works Nevertheless the Difficulties of maintaining the place considered it was resolved in counsel to abandon the Fort shipping all the Men and Goods and then giving fire to the rest The great Cannon were left full of Powder that when the Fire reached them they might burst Most of the Fort was destroyed but the Enemy coming in saved some Cannon which afterwards did us great harm The Portugueses lost some Goods in shipping and embarqued up to the Necks in Water with the Fright losing more Reputation by this Action than they had gained by the former This they were more sensible of when they met at Sea a more powerful Relief sent by our Friend the King of Aru who marched by Land with four thousand Men and Lope de Azevedo from whom D. Andres ill deserved it embarqued at Malaca with Ammunition to come to his Succour Sebastian Sousa prosecuted his Voyage to Banda and the Tyrant Achem followed the Fortune which had raised him above his own Hopes 5. At this time Martin Alfonso de Melo Coutino was gone for China not knowing what had been done by the Portugueses at Quantung He had four Ships and two joined them by the way They sent ashore for fresh Water and returned with Blood the Chineses being in Arms to receive them This drew them to a Battel in which most of the Portugueses perished some drowned some torn by the Cannon and some taken part whereof died miserably in the Prison at Quantung and twenty three were cut in peices as Spies and Robbers the last part of the Accusation being the truest Martin Alphonso and Duarte Coello returned to India 6. All things cannot be exactly related in order as they happened Malaca was streightned by the King of Bintam who sent a greater power against it and George de Albuquerque what he could against him under the Command of D. Sancho Enriquez whilst they prepared for a Sea-Fight there arose a violent storm which destroyed seventy Portugueses the whole being two hundred the Remainder escaped Let us
Governor and began to act as such The first thing he did was to send Advice to Peter Mascarenas of his Election either that he was not yet so fond of the Government or rather to dissemble how fond he was of it Next he gave the Command of Goa to Antony de Silveyra de Meneses and sent Francis de Sa to the Island of Sunda whether he had been designed from Portugal giving him four hundred Men in six Ships Antony de Miranda Azevedo had fourteen to guard the Coast of India Manuel de Gama had nine for the Coast of Coromandel which he cleansed from Pyrats and retook a Ship of ours taken by them Martin Alphonso Iusarte was sent to Maldiva with six Vessels and took a rich Vessel of Meca in which were three hundred Moors Having given other necessary Orders he sailed for Ormuz with five Ships and three hundred Men. 4. They suffered much by the way chiefly through Thirst. In his Passage he reduced the Towns of Calayate and Mascate which had revolted being exasperated by the avarice of Iames de Melo for it is certain the King and publick suffer for the Interest of private Men a thing D. Enrique was so sensible of that this Melo being then Commander at Ormuz he writ to him to be more moderate and not provoke thirty years to go from Goa to teach sixty at Ormuz for those were the Ages of them both Lope Vaz did nothing at Ormuz but compose the Difference between Iames de Melo and Raez Xarafo which had occasioned the Revolt of those two Towns receive the Tribute of that King and Prester Iohn's Embassador who came with D. George de Lima both brought by Hector de Silveyra 5. Who was sent to lie off of Diu in wait of the Ships of the Red Sea that trade for Cambaya whereof he took three They went to Diu where he continued many days at the request of Melique Saca who made use of him to secure himself against the King of Cambaya feigning he intended to deliver the City to Silveyra being weary of the Tyranny of that King Lope Vaz was then at Chaul giving Oders for fortifying several places fearing the Rumes or Turks were coming with a great Power whereof he sent advice to King Iohn and sailed for Goa 6. At the same time arrived in India two Ships of five that set out this year from Lisbon the other three came afterwards These two brought fresh Orders from the King relating to the Succession in the Government wherein Lope Vaz was before Mascarenas the former having been the contrary The Surveyor of the Revenue Alfonso de Mexia to whom they were directed desirous to kindle Broils caused them to be opened to the great danger of the publick Peace 7. The News hereof met Lope Vaz on the way and arriving at Goa he was a second time received as Governor and went thence to Cochin He dispatched the trading Ships home and sent in them Prester Iohn's Embassador who went to Rome where he gave entire submission to the Church of Christ through the means of the Portugueses and having received several Favours from Pope Clement the Seventh returned to his Prince These Ships being gone Lope Vaz designed to go to the Red Sea against the Turks who it was said fortified the Island Camaran Some loose Tongues said it was a policy to strengthen himself at Cochin in order to resist Mascarenhas who came to take upon him the Government Others said he really intended to go to deprive Mascarenas of all Power and gain the Affections of the Soldiers by giving them plunder The certainty is he studied to secure himself for to resign a Command voluntarily is a thing not practised since those times 8. Raez Solyman the Turk who killed Mir Hozem at Gidda recovered his Princes Favour by delivering up to him this City he had gained in the Service of the Soldan and by means of a considerable Present for Gifts are of force even with Princes who have no need of them Selin who was then at Grand Cayre converted his Hatred to Love because Solyman promised him great Advantages in India if he would furnish him with a competent power to act there He gave him twenty Gallies and five Galions that were then at Suez Solyman succeeding his Father Selin sent Haydarin to deliver this Fleet to Raez who was then fortifying the Island Camaran where the said Haydarin upon some disgust killed him Mustapha Nephew to Râ—…ez succeeded him and slew Hydarin then sailed to Aden and thence to Diu seeking the protection of the King of Cambâ—…ya as fearful of the Great Turk whom he had offended with that Murder and other Actions and having but few Vessels with him for most of them refused to obey him and returned to Suez Antony Tenreyro carried an account of the Success of this Fleet to King Iohn by Land with general admiration being the first that performed that Journey till then thought impossible 9. Let us now return to Peter Mascarenas at Malaca where the News being come of his Succession to the Government he was immediately proclaimed and obeyed as such As such he gave Orders and bestowed some Commands The Season was not yet proper to sail from Malaca to Cochin But the Desire of Command waâ—…s no season so he set out without it A storm forced him back to Malaca and he making a Virtue of Necessity complied with Fortune concluding it was Providence brought him to that City which he had left in great distress and taking it as an Omen of the Honor he thought to gain over Bintam whose King entertained no small hopes of recovering Malaca which was wholly unprovided Mascarenhas disposed the Minds of the few Gentlemen that were there and prepared to fall upon that King giving out all was for the Island of Sunda whither it was known Francis de Sa was designed He set out with twenty one Ships in them four hundred Portugueses and six hundred Malayes commanded by Tuam Mahomet and Sinai Raja 10. Great Labour was employed in clearing the Mouth of the River when thirty Barques appeared sent by the King of Pam to the Relief of our Enemy Duarte Coello and Ayres de Cuna went to meet them battered some dispersed others and took twelve loaden with Cannon and Provisions They return to the hard Labour of clearing the Mouth of the River in which Work Ferdinando Serram consumed twelve Days wherein his Men were spent with toil and his Ship pierced with a thousand Cannon Shot Yet he obtained his end tho not without danger of perishing for Laxemena fell upon him with such fury that Ferdinando was left for dead and both sides fought with great obstinacy Peter Mascarenas perceiving this Action pressed forwards in small Vessels that rowed and coming upon the Moors made them retirâ—… with a great slaughter Being returned to his Post he considered the City which was formidable for its Walls and opposite Fort flanked with Bulwarks stored with Men and
four taken the Tidores to their City whence they were forced to fly by D. George who burnt and plundered it Then he returned to the Fort and summoned Ferdinando de la Forre the Spanish Captain to surrender He no longer able to hold out accepted the Capitulation the Heads of it were that he should immediately go over to the City Camafo that he should commit no Hostilities upon the Portugueses Ternatenses or any of their Friends that he should go to no Islands that produced Cloves The King of Tidore was made Tributary to Portugal and obliged not to aid the Spaniards Then D. George returned victorious to Ternate 19. Mean while Bohaat King of Tidore died in the Fort not without suspicion of Poison given by Cachil Daroez His Brother Cachil Daialo succeeded who was no less suspicious of Cachil Vaiaco whom he accused of heinous Crimes but being afraid of his Life fled to the Fort and suspecting D. George would deliver him to his Enemy chose rather to die by throwing himself out of a Window All Ternate now mutined against D. George and he imagining that Cachil Vaideca had caused to be killed a China Sow he much esteemed having more respect to that foul Beast than that noble person imprisoned and after set him at liberty anointing his Face with Bacon which among that People is the most heinous affront and had been as highly revenged upon the Portugueses had not the Prudence and Modesty of Antony Galvam who succeeded in the Government appeased the rage of the People 20. D. George not content with this violence sent to rob the Houses of the Moors of their Provisions In fine this Gentleman became on a sudden most wicked and outragious The Moors stood upon their Defence and treated some Portugueses as they now deserved In the Town of Tabona D. George took the chief Magistrate and two Moors of Note these two he sent back after cutting off their Hands upon the other he set two Dogs on the shore who tore his Flesh till he fled into the Water to shun them but they pursuing he defended himself with his Teeth till the water coming up he was tore to pieces and drowned This made D. George odious to all and moved Cachil de Aroez to stir up the People to rise and expel both Portugueses and Spaniards D. George catched him in the Contrivance and beheaded him publickly in Ternate to the terror of all People which occasioned the City to be unpeopled the Inhabitants and even the Queen flying from this storm to other places D. George was imprisoned for these inhuman Barbarities and sent to India and thence to Portugal where he was condemned to Banishment Any Reward was too small for his former Actions and this Punishment too slight for the latter But because Nuno de Cuna now enters upon the Government of India let us conclude this Chapter and hereafter we shall see Lope Vaz return to Portugal and his Punishment there for the Extravagancies committed against Peter de Mascarenas and usurping the Government which deprived him of the Reward if not the Glory of those notable Exploits which might have rendered him deserving of it He was Governor of it three years and ten months his Complexion fair and Countenance venerable his Beard grey Cap and upper Robe black with Crimson Lining Breeches and Doublet of the same Colour over all his Armour I will reckon Peter Mascarenas the eighth Governor both because he executed the Power some time and because the condemning of Lope Vaz confirmed his Right So Lope Vaz will be the Ninth in order CHAP. III. The Government of Nuno de Cuna from the Year 1529 to the Year 1538 in the Reign of King John the Third 1. IN May this same year arrived at Ormuz Nuno de Cuna who came the year before from Lisbon with eleven Ships Because setting out late he had a tedious Voyage and by the way did considerable things we will say somewhat of him before his arrival in India One of his Ships was lost near Cabo Verde the Captain and some Men saved one hundred and fifty perished After passing the Line they were dispersed by a storm some met again afterwards Nuno put into the Port San Tiago on the Island Madagascar where he found a naked Portuguez no less wild in appearance than the Blacks but they were somewhat civilized By him he understood the loss of two Ships of five that came from Lisbon the year 1527 commanded by Manuel de Lacerda and Alexius de Abreu 2. This Man was a Soldier belonging to Abreu they were cast away upon the Sands before that Port. They fortified themselves in hopes some Ships passing by would take them up After waiting a year one Ship passed but could not come to them and they no longer able to subsist there marched up the Country to seek their Fortune in two Bodies and this Man was left behind sick Nuno de Cuna having advertised the King hereof Duarte and Iames Fonseca were sent from Portugal to find these Men The first perished in that Island the other found but four and a French Man and was cast away with them sailing for India The French Man belonged to one of three Ships that came that year from France and perished in that place The four said many of their Companions lived in the Inland but 't was impossible to find them From these it is thought sprung those People that the Hollanders there found eighty years after They said that a Portugues Captain suffering shipwrack there conquered that place and became Sovereign and all his Men marrying Natives had numerous Issue that they erred much in matters of Faith Great were their Errors that could be perceived by the Atheistical Hollanders But doubtless these People could not descend from only that Shipwrack they might be some of the first Discoverers that were never heard of and among others the three that sailed from Cochin with Francis de Albuquerque the year 1530. 3. Nuno de Cuna being in this Island inquiring into the Affairs of it his Ship perished in a storm The Men were saved in the other two much Goods and Arms lost and thus he reached the Island of Zanzibar where he eased the Ships over-burdened with Men setting ashore the King being our Friend two hundred sick under the Care of Alexius de Sousa Chichorro with orders to go to Melinde as soon as recovered 4. Nuno de Cuna went thither he tried to pass to India but could not Therefore not to lose time he resolved to take revenge on the King of Monbaça who in hatred to us infested those of Melinde and Zanzibar If the City was taken he purposed to make Munho Mahomet Son of him that so kindly received Gama the first time King of it Which he understanding and returning thanks said That he was incapable of that honor being begot on a Cafre Slave but since he would gratifie his Father's Kindness to the Portugueses he might do it in the
alive The year 1529 he marched with seventy thousand Horse and two hundred thousand Foot and did great harm in the Territories of Nizamaluco 8. Mean while Babor Paxiath King of the Mogols and Delhi marched upon account of the Answer given to his Embassadors the year before The King of Chitor denyed him passage and in a Battel there was such a slaughter the Mogol was forced to go back to raise new Forces to prosecute his first Design But the King of Chitor pursuing and doing him great damage in his own Country he desisted Badur fell upon the King of Mandou whom he treacherously slew Then imprisoned the Sons giving the Mother and Daughters to his Favourites Next he killed some Officers of that Kingdom who had helped to bring him in 10. Salabedin one pardoned by Badur fearful of his favour getting away secured himself in a strong Castle whence Badur drew him by policy and forced him to turn Mahometan Then he prepared to take the Fort and mountain Raosinga where Salahedin left his Son when he was deceived by Badur's promises and by the way designed to expel the King of Chitor Son to him who kindly entertained him when he fled for the Murder of his Father This young King bravely resisted Badur disappointed his Design and made him return to the other against Raosinga a place almost impregnable by art and nature Here eight Portugueses who followed him shewed their usual Valour Francis Tarares being the first who scaled a Bulwark 11. Botiparao the Son of Salahedin fearing his resistance might occasion his Father's death left that City and went to recover another the Besieged surrendered Badur perceiving Salahedin's Women came not out asked the cause of him and sent in to know it they answered They would not come out unless with him He was sent to that effect by the King His Wives and Slaves above five hundred in number as soon as they saw him exclaimed against his turning Mahemetan and shewing him a heap of Wood said They would sooner burn themselves with 〈◊〉 than be delivered to their Enemy So Salahedin with one hundred and twenty that were their Guard killed them all upon the Pile where they were burnt with their Riches Badur hearing of this hasted to save the Treasure but was stopped by Salahedin and his Men till all was consumed to Ashes and they all slain Yet Badur saved almost a million and half of the Remainder of this Destruction 12. Salahedin and those who died with him were honorably buried The mountain he gave to Sultan Alamo who came to him forced from that place whither Botiparao went from hence Hearing there was a Portugues Fleet at Diu he flew thither with precipitation But that being no matter of danger he returned to the Conquest of Chitor with one hundred thousand Horse innumerable Foot and six hundred Cannoh He incamped in the higher Grounds about that City tho it was like Raasinga it was battered the space of two months and capitulated and now Badur was possessed of three Kingdoms each of which was considerable 13. This was the time when Tristan de Ga was at the Court of Badur by Nuno de Cuna's Order to treat of Peace which was delayed by sundry Accidents chiefly the death of the King of the Mogols whom he much feared 14. Badur through Covetousness cut off the Pay of many that had served which occasioned above four thousand of Note to desert to the Mogol Mujate Cham a prudent and notable Man represented this to him and he to reward his Advice sent him on some other pretence to Diu with orders to Melique Tocam to kill him But Melique abominating the wickedness of Badur advised the innocent Mujate Cham to fly Mujate instead of flying to save himself returned to Badur before whom being prostrate and delivering his own Cymiter he said If I have deserved death of you here is the Traitor and the Sword If you please to kill me I can have no greater honor than to die by your Hand tho my Grandfather Father and self have deserved better The King was surprized received him with honor and bestowed new Favours on him 15. But his Rage was turned against Melique Tocam for discovering the private Order so he sent Rume Cham to kill him He got into Diu where Melique was not at that time but received advice of it at a Country-House where he was diverting himself and fled Badur came to the City and with his usual craft brought it under At the same time arrived there Nuno de Cuna in order to that Interview which took no effect 16. It took no effect because Badur never made any Proposals but to shift off a danger which he greatly feared from the Mogol and hoping to agree with him he was willing to break with the Portugueses But he was deceived for that Prince recalled his Embassadors and commenced the War Let us see who this Mogol is CHAP. VI. Continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna from the Year 1534 in the Reign of King John the Third 1. THE Mogols call themselves Chacatais in the same manner as the Spaniards call themselves Goths Chacata is the Name of the Province they inhabit near Turquestan and the Nobles suffer not themselves to be called Mogols The Persians write they are descended from Mogog Grandson to Noah from whom they received the Worship of one only God This Nation wandring through many Provinces got the best footing in Mogalia or Mogostan called by Ptolomey Paropanisus now they stretch farther and border upon the Kingdom Horacam which that Author calls Aria or Here now the Metropolis thereof The Mogols go from the North to drink the Waters of the River Geum that runs through Bactria so called from its Metropolis Bactria or Bohara a famous place for Learning being the Remains of great Zoroastes where Avicen got the Learning that made him so famous neighbouring upon Sogdiana now called Quiximir and mount Caucasus which divides India from other Northern Provinces This Kingdom now reaches to the mountainous Parveti and Bagous which they call Angou As there are in it great Mountains so there are most large and fruitful Plains watered by five Rivers which compose the famous Indus They are Bet Satinague Chanao Rave and Rea. The Cities are many the Men couragious 2. The Mogols are Mohometans their Language Turkish and Persian they are well shaped white and have small Eyes like the Tartars and Chineses The Nobility wear rich and gay Cloaths fashioned like the Persians their Beards long The Women are beautiful Their military Dress is no less costly their Arms being gilt and polished they are singular at the Bow In fight violent and of good conduct they use Artillery Their King is treated with great Majesty is seldom seen his Guard two thousand Horse every quarter 3. The Mogols and Patanes both equally strove to conquer India They were Neighbours The Event of War and Treachery brought the Patanes and Delhi under the Subjection of the
better to gain the King 's good Will Martin Alfonso sent him a Present but he being suspicious would have killed the Messengers had not some Moors and a Gentil reputed a Saint and to be two hundred years of Age dissuaded him 4. Thirteen who carried the Present and thirty of forty wherewith Alfonso was invited to a Dinner were secured at the same time the former at Gouro and the latter at Chatigam the other ten that were with him were killed in the Fray 5. Nuno de Cuna hearing hereof by those who escaped in the Ships sent Antony de Silva Meneses with three hundred and fifty in nine Vessels to treat of ransoming the Prisoners with the assistance of Coje Sâ—…badim the Author of that Expedition and detained a Ship of his richly laden for security of his fair Proceedings therein Sylva from Chatigam sent the King the Governor's Letter and a Present The Answer being long a coming Sylva thought the King had secured the Messenger and so rashly fell upon and burnt Chatigam and other places As he was spreading Sail the Messenger came with the King's Answer who knowing what Antony had done kept the Prisoners more hardly 6. Necessity obliged him to turn his Severity into Kindness for Xercham a Man of Note with the Mogol disobliged by his Prince deserted to the King of Bengala with his Brother Hedele Cham. Both were put into great Posts Xercham now at the Head of a great Army resolved to revenge upon this King the Death of a Child by him murdered to secure himself the Crown At the same time Omaum the Mogol in revenge of what Xercham had done at Delhi met and defeated him But being apparently reconciled he recovered himself 7. Xercham streightened the King and he advised with Martin Alfonso how to withstand him when Iames Rabelo came to Chatigam sent by Nuno de Cuna with three Vessels to procure Martin's Liberty The King being in distress ordered him to be favourably entertained and to gain assistance from Nuno de Cuna sent him twenty two of the Prisoners Nuno sent nine Vessels Mean while Xercham marched to gain a Pass upon the Fort of Gorii which is where the Ganges enters Bengala By advice of Martin Alfonso the King sent two of his Vessels commanded by two Portugueses with eight others to stop his Passage They stopped him there and he taking another away set down before the City Gouro with forty thousand Horse two hundred thousand Foot and fifteen hundred Elephants Down the River came three hundred Almadies which sailed to the place where the King had eight hundred Paraos to oppose them Here eight Portugueses commanded by Duarte de Brito did wonders in the King's sight to take an Elephant that was swimming and much coveted by the King he was taken with the loss of three of the eight Xercham distressed the City and the King bought a Peace and was content that he from his Army should do him reverence 8. The King being at ease gave liberty to Martin Alfonso and his Men to go for India leaving only five as Hostages for the assistance he expected from the Governor Soon after Xercham returns and enters Gouro by force obliging the King already wounded to abandon the City who died on his way to Omaum the Mogol while Xercham plundered the place It was said Xercham drew off with above sixty millions of Gold value when Omaum came on bringing the dead King with him At this time Vasco Perez de Sampayo arrived with the Succour but acted nothing Omaum finding the City abandoned buried the King and set up in his place his own Brother-in law Mir Mahomet Zaman lately deprived of the Kingdom of Cambaya and soon after of this for Xercham having secured his Treasure with diligence returned to Gouro and made him fly thence 9. Omaum again set out to meet Xercham with one hundred thousand Horse and one hundred and fifty thousand Foot besides the Followers of the Army which were above two hundred thousand They met on the Banks of Ganges near the City Canose Xercham by a stratagem got the day with such a slaughter that Omaum with only twenty five Men never stopped till he came to Labor where his Brother Camiran Mirza received him better than he deserved Mirza being then under Cure of the Poison he had given him Xercham treated Omaum's Women taken in that Battel with great respect and afterwards restored them well convinced of his Modesty and Liberality 10. Omaum finding himself too weak for the Enterprize of Bengala bent his Thoughts against Cambaya and demanding Aid of his principal Subjects was by them disappointed He went into Persia in which King he had great Confidence on account of the Friendship of their Fathers Nor was he deceived for the Persian King received him with Magnificence gave him rich Presents and lastly an Army of twelve thousand Horse And because Sultan Xiath King of Quereman to whom he gave the Command of them excused himself saying It was not for his Reputation to engage where the person of his Prince was not He gave him hâ—… Son and Heir yet in his Nurses Arms and â—…ade him Governor of him So far can a truly royal Bounty extend when it resolves to do good 11. Besides these twelve thousand given by Xiath ten thousand Voluntiers offered themselves to Omaum Who joining his own Forces invested the City Candar where his Broster Astarii Mirza had proclaimed himself King of Mogostam The City taken he gave to the young Prince who possessed it not long but died soon of the Fatigue of the Marches King Sultan Xiath his Governor went to a City where many of the Persian Kings lie buried to inter the Infant leaving all the Men with Omaum for the space of two years under four General Officers These soon left him and returned to Persia where they were disgraced by the King and made incapable of any Post of Honor declaring he could not have wished the young Prince a more glorious death than he had in his Nurses Arms assisting such a Prince as Omaum Xercham raised by Fortune to a formidable pitch having at command four hundred thousand Horse and being courted by all the adjacent Princes aspiring now to greater Undertakings took the City Calijor of the Resbutos with intent to rob the Treasure that was there in a Temple Pointing a Cannon to kill an Elephant belonging to that Temple he killed himself for the Piece bursting tore him and many more to pieces So that Fire turned all his Glory into Smoke Such is the end of Pride 12. At Malaca there were no less Troubles than in these parts D. Paulo de Gama had the Command of this place he to found Alaudim King of Viantana Son to him of Bintam destroyed by Mascarenhas sent Sebastian Vieyra with five Pórtugueses to settle a Friendly Correspondence The King at the instigation of him of Pacem bound and poured boiling Water upon them till they died and then gave them to be
fall upon and kill all the Portugueses taken up with the Procession on Maundy-Thursday and had effected it but that Giles Yancz put in there with his Squadron in his way to Goa 〈◊〉 departing on Friday they prevailed with some Christians to let them into the Fort on Eâ—…er Night The Design was discovered and the Conspirators quartered Now they resolve to attack it by open force and joyning with their Neighbour King of Tolar and 5000 Men burn the outward Town and bring all into great danger The Viceroy having notice sent Andrew Furâ—…ado wâ—… routed those Mutiniers and going up the River made great Havock along the Shore Thus the Fort was secured but the Officers not justified 11. The Religious of the Society of Iesus who have so much laboured for the Conversion of Infidels had sent some of their Number into the Island Salsete which contains 66 Villages of Pagans These Fathers took great pains and the Viceroy D. Antony de Noronha finding the People incorrigible destroyed all their Pagods yet they in the year 1559. taking up Arms ruined our Churches 12. This done they refused to pay the Tribute they owed us and fell to destroying the Preachers of the Gospel At this time F. Rodulphus de Aquaviva desiring to spread the Faith in the five Villages of Cocolii went thither with F. Francis Pacheca and F. Francis Aranna three Portuguese Soldiers and some Natives The Heathens fell upon them cut off F. Rodulphus his Legs and then his Head 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was struck through with a Spâ—…â—…d then stuck full of Arrows The rest were all slain after several 〈◊〉 The same â—…y 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 dâ—… Azevedo that went to Bâ—…ll with 40 Companions all suffered Marâ—… 13. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Figâ—…yredo Commander of 〈◊〉 by the Viceroy's Order 〈◊〉 a great â—…laughter of the People of Sâ—… destroyed theâ—… Habitations and leftt them not 〈◊〉 Temâ—… standing 〈◊〉 by a wiâ—…â—…tting those into 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 had 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Fatherâ—… 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of them which 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that 〈◊〉 of them â—…d new Chrâ—… Câ—…es wâ—…e erected and Crosses 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Hills 14. This was the posturr of Affairs in India when â—…ve Ships arriâ—… from Pâ—…gal and in them F. Viâ—… de Fouseca a Dominicâ—… who went to succeed F. Henry de Tâ—… in the Arch-Bishoprick of Goa 15. Sultan Amodifar the lawful King of â—…aya kept Prisoner by the Mogoâ—… after he had â—…surped his Kingdom at this time fâ—…ed by the means of some Women In disguise he came to a Baneane at Cambayâ—… by whom he was conveyed to Iambo one who in the late Revolution had secured to himself a Limb of that Empire He dutifully owned and caused him to be owned by others so that in few days they gathered an Army in which there were above 30000 Horse Behold how attractive is the Person of a Prince found after having been lost In a very short time either 〈◊〉 force or consenâ—… they recovered most 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Kingdom of â—…aya 16. Our Viceroy the better â—…o take the advantage of these Confusions and hoping thereby to gain Suratte went â—…th 40 Sail to Chaul and thence sent some â—…standing Men to Baroche then besieged by Amâ—…difar the Wife and Children of Xotubidichan whom he had fraudulently taken and slain being in the Town Tâ—…se Ageâ—…s had Orders to Treat both with the Kinâ—… and that Woman without letting either of â—…hem know any Correspondence was field with the other that so our Interest might be â—…cured with 〈◊〉 prevailing Party But the Mogol coming down with a great Power and recovering all he had lost put a stop to the Viceroy's Proceedings who returned to Goa much afflicted for the Death of D. Iohn de Castro This young Gentleman commanded a Ship of Ferdinand de Miranda's Squadron and being parted from him by a Storm was attacked by two Malabar Paraos between Tarapor and Maii and his Powder taking fire the Ship blew up only three of the Men escaping Death to be led into Slavery 17. Whilst the Viceroy was absent from Goa many of the principal Subjects of Hidalcan provoked by the Insolencies of Larvacan his Favourite resolved to set up Cuâ—…ocan Son to that Meale who being Prisoner at Goa so long kept this powerful Neighbour in awe Cufo was at Goa and the Conspirators contrived how to get him out and Larvachan prâ—…ending to act for them corrupted the Guards and procured his Liberty This Treachery was managed by an infamous Portuguese called Iames Lopeâ—… Bayam much in the King's Favour for such-like Services Cufo thinking he went to them that designed to Crown him found himself in the hands of Larvacan who caused his Eyes to be put out 18. Then came to Goa a Woman of great fame formerly banished by Hidalcan She was about 65 years of Age little of Stature of Complexion fair still shewing the Ruins of Beauty esteemed a Virgin and much valued for her Prudence Wit and Courage for in a Man's Habit except her Head which was dressed in white on Horseback with a Bow and Arrow she followed the Army like an Amazon and gained Reputation Her Name Abchi She pretended to Treat with the Viceroy about important Affairs which were never known She was taken by the Inquisition banished to Ormuz and thence fled to the Mogol 19. Zamori now tired with so much Destruction and the Clamours of his Subjects his own Palace in Calicut being burnt by D. Giles Yanez and all that lay without the Town at last sued for Peace and concluded it on such Terms as we thought fit 20. At Cochim that King having assigned over all the Customs to the Portugueses the People rose to the number of 20000 swearing on a Mass-Book to die in defence of their Liberties hereby infringed D. George de Meneses Baroche who commanded there finding the Tumult too high to be opposed suspended the Execution of the Viceroy's Orders relating to this Affair 21. D. Giles Yanez Mascarennas being appointed to go to Cochim to endeavour to suppress that Tumult was ordered by the Viceroy by the way to destroy the Nayque of Sanguicer who having raised a Fort on the River of that Name protected Pirats to our great loss He had 14 Sail with 300 of the choice Men of Goa 22. D. Giles run up the River and the better to come where he desired went out of his Galeon into a small Vessel and run so far between the Rocks that he could not get out and his Stem lay almost on the Shore Those of Sanguicer poured in their Shot so that all his Men left him where he was killed the other Vessels being no way able to relieve him 23. Iames de Azambuja Commander of Tidore was driven to great streights because no Relief came from Malaca Ferdinand Ortis de Tavora designed thither having been stopped by the coming of the King of Achem upon that City He understood by Santiago de Vera Governour of the Philippine Islands that King Philip was Proclaimed in Portugal and therefore
in Death The Messengers weary of staying went in and found them all dead 13. The Great Turk understanding his Fort lately built at Tabris in Perfia wanted to be supplied and desiring to raise another in the City Gonsar to effect both sent the Bassa Ferat with 160000 Horse The Persian having notice hereof ordered Hoâ—…alican Governor of Gousar to go and treat with the Georgians his Neighbours to bring them to his assistance He sent the Prince with 20000 Horâ—… to secure Gansar and â—…e with the rest of his Army sat down before Tabris and reduced the Turks in Garrison there to the last Extremities 14. The Prince not long before the Terror of the Turks was overcome by the Beauty of the absent Governor's Daughter and enjoyed her Advice being given the Father he concluded hastily but to content the Affair he was sent to and dissembling with the Prince bribed his Barber with 20000 Crowns to cut his Throat as he shaved him He did it and was torn in pieces by the Servants 15. The Death of the Prince who was the Terror of the Turks endangered the whole Persian Empire and so Ferat without any Opposition relieved Tabris and raised the Fort at Gansar giving the Command thereof to Chedar Bassa by Birth a Portugues Gansar is one of the most populous and beautiful Cities of Media divided from the Province of Xeinam by the River Lirus which the Turks call Cur. The Persian Emperor was shut up in the City Casby and the offended Governor conspiring with others resolved to set up Tamas Mirsa the King 's Third Son who was blind But Abas Mirsa who was the Second and then govern'd Coerazone being the lawful Successor took Arms to oppose them The Rebels thought to take him by Treachery but he dexterously apprehending the Heads put them to Death and prepared to March and Depose his Father 16. The old Man fearing he would kill him hauging a Sword about his Neck and leading his third and fourth Sons presented himself to Abas Mirsa saying He would save him the trouble of looking for his Father or Brothers if he desired to Murther them for there he had brought both them and the Sword The Youth vanquished with that miserable Spectacle cast himself at his Father's Feet and said He was his Father his Lord and his â—…ing but since his Age and Infirmities would not permit him to do it he begged he might be allowed to put a stop to the Ruine thaâ—… threatned their Affairs not as a King for only his Father should be so whilst he lived but as General of his Army The old Man took comfort hereat and the Son marched to curb the Fury of the Usbeques who led by their King in great numbers had broke into Corazone 17. In the Moluco Islands the Kings of Tidore and Ternate were at War for that the latter refused the former his Sister that he had promised to give him to Wife At that time arrived there N. de Brito with one Galeon from Malaca and Orders to treat with the King of Ternate about restoring the Port. He carried a Letter for him from King Philip and another from the Vice-Roy and a Present that rather offended than obliged him for though but of small value it was not to be given him unless he performed what was proposed Whilst he knew not this Condition he agreed with the Portugueses and King of Tidore but as soon as it was made known to him broke off in such a Passion that he ordered no Portugueses should enter the City unless they came bare-footed 18. Iames de Azambuja now gave up that Command to Duarte Pereyra who came from Manilla where he had stayed for that Post. He agreed with the King of Ternate who fearing his Unkle Mandraxa the rightful Heir of that Crown would deprive him of it perfidiously killed him That Prince was in love with his Niece the King's Sister who had promised her to him of Tidore and seeing that Promise hindred him from giving her to his Unkle agreed with him he should steal her that so there might be a plausible excuse made to the other Mandraxa had scarce possessed himself of the Bride when the King accused him of this Violence whereupon he was condemned to perpetual Imprisonment but the Nephew caused him to be stabbed and married his Sister to the King of Gilolo The King of Tidore resolv'd to be reveng'd of this Affront and consulting with Duarte Pereyra they agreed to contrive the Death of the King of Ternate by the means of his Unkle Cachil Tulo offering him the Kingdom He approved of the Proposal and they concluded on the manner of doing of it 19. Rajale King of the City Ior offended that a Vessel of his had been sunk at Malaca though they made him satisfaction studied Revenge hindring the resort of Provisions to that place D. Hierom de Azevedo who came to be Admiral of those Seas sent Peter Vello to burn a Town near Ior with 8 Ships He executed it but the Enemies Fleet meeting him on his return he was beaten lost 4 Vessels and had lost all but that Peter da Cuma Carneyro coming up with his Galeon bravely brought him off Rajale thinking himself Victorious appeared in the River Malaca with 100 Sail but this Bravade cost him dear much harm being done him as he drew off by our Fleet. 20. Paul Diaz at Angola prosecuted the War against that King with his usual success the King was in the Field with 600000 fighting Men whom he put to flight with little more than 100 Portuguses and a number of Blacks 21. The beginning of this Year sailed from Lisbon for India 6 Ships one of them by the way had a sharp Engagement with two English Vessels in one Degree and an half of North Latitude In these Ships went Orders for erecting the Court of Chancery at Goa The Portugueses of India had sued for it being pestered with Law-Suits and they begged Locusts for now they beg for Mercy being devoured by Lawyers Two of the Ships that went from India this Year were lost the Men and Goods saved By the way died the Archbishop F. Vincent who left his Archbishoprick being no longer able to bear with the Viceroy Ministers and even with the Church-men He said He came to inform the King and the Pope the Accusation ended with his Death One of the Ships about the Islands Azores was taken by Sir Francis Drake who using honourably of his Victory gave the Captain and his Men a Galeon in which they came to Lisbon 22. About this time many Pirats put to Sea from the Fort of Cunnale who scouring all that Coast killed and took many Portugueses These in the Dungeon were kept several days from starving by a Mouse for that Creature having made a hole through the Wall into a place where there was much Rice every Night caused as much to fall through that hole as kept them alive Emanuel de Oliveyra one of these
Peter Gomez carried the remainder of the Men and Ships to S. Thomas The Moors sent the Portugueses they had taken to the King of Goloconda who complained to F. Bartholomew Dias sent to him by the Bishop of Meliapor that the Portugues should enter his Country in hostil manner at the same time they treated amicably with him The King admitted the weak excuse that it was not done by order of the Government and delivered the Prisoners upon condition those of Montepoli should be restored 5. D Emanuel de Meneses sailed from Lisbon with 3 Ships for India one of them springing a Leake was forced to put into the Port again another arrived safe at Goa after being parted from D Emanuel by a Storm on the Coast of Guinea D. Emanuel near the Island of Madagascar met 4 English Ships the Commander of them sent to order our Captain aboard who refused but sent an Understanding Man to view their Strength and he returning said publickly that the Enemy's Admiral alone was too strong for our Ship D. Emanuel taking him aside blamed his Indiscretion for disheartning the Men then he sent word to the English that since their Kings were at Peace there was no reason the Subjects should break it that they should bear off and not come a head of him Nevertheless the least of the 4 did he fired at her and then all the 4 at him 6. Night came on our Ship held her Course and in the Morning found her self among some Islands near the Head of that called Mannoto The Enemy coming on and the Wind calming we were forced to engage our Vessel was soon unmasted and made the best it could for the Island Angagiza The English sent to tell D. Emanuel he was running to his Ruine that if he would surrender himself all the Men should be landed at Suratte whence they might travel by Land to Goa he answered if any more such Message were sent him he would hang him that carried it The Ship driving towards the Shore with the Tide stuck between two Rocks which proved the saving of all the Men who got ashore leaping a narrow Gut into which many fell for haste 7. As soon as landed the Cafres received them with showers of Stones They were appeased with some Gifts and the help of some Musket Balls let fly among them by Ioseph Alvarez Torres who though it was plain their Safety consisted in their Arms advised they should be cast into the Sea because the Cafres would not furnish them with Provisions as long as they were armed D. Emanuel consented and scarce were they seen next day unarmed when the Cafres stripped them even of their Shirts Some travelled up the Country and others along the Shore the latter in two Days found no Water to drink were consumed with the heat of the Sun and some died for want 8. The 3d Day they met other Cafres who seeing nothing to take from them gave them Milk and Water with Signs of Compassion Sebastian Prestes the Pilot of the Ship attempted to save himself with a few Men in the Boat and coasting along the Island met Chande a Noble Moor of Pate who was sailing for the Island Madagascar with two Pangayos He told the Pilot that King was his Friend and for his sake would use them all well The Pilot sent to acquaint D. Emanuel and it appeared those Cafres with whom he was were that King's Subjects They all came to the Port and the Moor gave each of them a Cloath to cover his Nakedness Here it appeared how little the Cafres esteem what we most value they gave many Pieces of Eight for a Rag scarce worth a Farthing and fetching Bags full of Money out of the Ship scattered it about the Rocks and putting their Heads into the Bags were very well pleased 9. It may well be doubted whether a Portugues would have done with 600 Moors as this Moor did with 600 Portugueses in that miserable Condition He maintained them gave them Cloaths which sold to the Cafres had been worth much Money justly restored them Jewels of great value wherewith they entrusted him and gave them his two Pangayos to go over to Mombaça They arrived thither on the 4th of September and were maintained and clothed by the Charity of that little Town On the 10th of that Month they Embarqued and arrived safe at Goa The Viceroy sent Presents to D. Emanuel de Meneses and comforted him for his Loss D. Hierome Manuel who commanded the homeward bound Ships about the Islands of Flores fought with 4 Pirats and put into the Island Tercera whence he came to Portugal with the Ship that was put back the Year before 10. The Trade of the Port of Soar in Arabia much lessened the Customs of Ormuz and Mascate To remedy this the Viceroy sent D. Francis Rolim with a Galley and five other Vessels who joined D. Vasco de Gama Admiral of that Sea with five Sail more at Mascate Amer Head of a Hord of Arabs to revenge himself upon Mahomet King of Soar took part with us and marched by Land with 1200 Men. Our Men landed and possessed themselves of some Mosques to secure themselves till the Cannon was set ashore 11. A Fort on a Hill was first attacked but so well defended it could not be entred that Day tho' Mahomet who commanded it was killed with a Musket-Ball We lost a Captain and 6 Men. In the Morning the Trenches were entred then a Mosque and lastly a Town where many Women and Children were made Prisoners and much Booty found In this Action we lost 6 Men more The Fort not able to hold out for want of Men surrendred and the King's Brother being taken was put to Death Our Men violated the Articles they had made killing and plundering many of them that marched out And having agreed with Amer that there should â—…e no Prisoners made yet they took several Girls on pretence of Breeding them Christians as if that were an excuse for Breach for Faith Iohn de Sousa was left to Command that Fort and Antony Pimenta joined with him as skilled in the Affairs of that Country 12. At Cananor happened an accident sad enough and yet ridiculous The Nayres show no Mercy to a Thief tho' the thing stolen be of no value They impale the Criminal and leave him to be eaten by the Birds An Indian that was turned Christian stole a Knife the Nayres apprehended him and sent to acquaint the Judge of the Portugueses at Cananor He returned answer they should kill him They instantly cut off his Head thinking it was a piece of Civility being he was a Christian to kill him our way Our Commander Nicholas Soveral sent some Soldiers to fetch the Body and revenge his Death on the Nayres as if they had not obtained leave for what they did The Soldiers killed a Nayre which provoked them in great numbers to besiege the Fort with great Threats if Satisfaction was not given them Our Cammanders made
Portugueses were all dead who not far from thence had built a Town of Stone and worshipped a Cross on the foot whereof were unknown Characters He drew all on the Sand repeated Portugues Sirnames and demanded much Gold for telling his knowledge herein Some of his Men wore Crosses and informed our People there were two Holland Ships in Port St. Lucy or Mangascafe 13. In a small Island here was found a square Stone Fort and at the foot of it carved on a piece of Marble the Arms of Portugal with this Inscription REX PORTUGALENSIS ☉ S. Many Judgments were made of that Circle between the two last S's but nothing of certainty can be concluded 14. The King Chambanga desired a Portugues might be sent to his Court to treat about important Affairs leaving a Nephew Hostage for his safe return The Master Antony Gonçalez and F. Peter Freyre were sent who at 12 leagues distance found his Court called Fansaria very populous and magnificent He Treated them well at first then coldly but they making him a considerable Present they were good Friends and he delivered them his eldest Son to be carried to Goa desiring as Hostages for him the two Jesuits and four other Portugueses to whom he gave the Island of St. Cruz to live in 15. These People are descended from the Moors and call themselves Zelima's they use the Alcoran in Arabick and have Faquies who teach them to write and read they eat no Bacon are Circumcised and some marry several Wives CHAP. XIV Continues the Discoveries in the Island Madagascar under the Vice-Roy D. Hierome de Azevedo 1. THE same King told the Portugueses That in his Father's time a Ship of theirs was cast away on that Coast that about 100 of the Men came ashore some brought their Wives others married there and left a numerous Offspring He repeated several of their Names and shewed a Book writ in Portugues and Latin and some Maps and concluded saying There were more Portugueses on that Coast 7 days Journey Northward 2. Inquiring further our Men found an old Man 90 Years of Age who had known the Portugueses that were cast away there and could remember still some odd Words of our Language The Ships that were lost and never known where since the discovery of India were as follows In the Year 1504 three Ships one in the Year 1505 in 1527 two were cast away on the Island Madagascar and the Men remained there for want of Vessels to transport them four were lost the Year 1534 not known where one more in the Year 1538. The Portugueses those People spoke of must belong to some of these Ships 3. Our Men all set their hands to work and built a small Chapel and House for the four Portugueses and two Religious Men who were to remain there The Work done Mass was said and many of the Natives came to learn to make the sign of the Cross. The King seeing some Men labour under a Cross that was to be set upon a Rock run half naked and bare footed and carried it alone to the Place appointed The Portugueses might say they had found another Emperor Heraclius for after this pious Action he became wicked in this manner 4. Our Captain being ready to sail demanded that Son the King had promised to send with him and he not only refused to perform but denied he had made any such Promise and offered a Slave The Captain seeing this change sent the Master and Pilot with some Men to demand Hostages that a Portugues might go to Port St. Lucy to sound it and see an Inscription the Natives said was in that place If the King granted this they were to require no more if not to endeavour to bring away by force one of his Sons 5. The Peace thus broke and some Attempts of getting one of the King's Sons failing some Portugueses marched with their Muskets The King dreaded them but kept his Men in readiness a Fray ensuing they catched one of his Sons 11 Years of Age who was his Darling The King endeavoured to rescue him but was repulsed by our Shot The Subjects of another King came to offer any thing for the Boy 's Ransom but being told it was the Viceroy's Command the King's Promise and that they should lose their Heads if they did not carry him they went away satisfied Thus ended the Year 1613. The Child came to Goa about the middle of the Year 1614 the Viceroy caused him to be well instructed in the Faith by the Jesuits and was his Godfather in Baptism giving him the Name of Andrew because it was on that Apostle's day and the Sirname of Azevedo as his God-child 6. The Viceroy treated him with all Honour and Magnificence hoping to gain him that when he succeeded his Father he might forward the Propagation of the Gospel and believing he was sufficiently grounded sent him away with four Jâ—…s The Vessels were a Pink and a Caravel commanded by Peter de Almeyda Cabral and Iohn Cardoso de Pinâ—… who set out on the 17th of September 1616 and on the 20th of March they discovered the Island Del Cisue or The Swâ—…n a most delightful Place watered with pure Springs and bearing several unknown Plants and Herbs besides many known both Sweet and Medicinal The Religious on the Barks of the Trees carved the time of their arrival there and planted some Crosses 7. In this Island there are two Mountains that overtop the Clouds The Wreck of two Holland Ships was found there Our Ships entred Port St. Lucas in the Island of Madagascar The King and Queen came 〈◊〉 receive their Son with great joy and delivered Hostages at taking him away 8. With the Prince went the Fathers and six Soldiers He was every where till he came to the Court received with demonstrations of Joy which to us seem ridiculous as those used by us would appear to them This done the King made the same Agreement with our Captain that had been with the former which was that the Religious should inhabit the Island of Santa Cruz and thence have the liberty to go out and Preach the Gospel that there should be a League Offensive and Defensive between the King and Portugueses So the Fathers Almeyda and Costa went to the Fort of Santa Cruz and D. Andrew the King's Son sent them Workmen and Provisions 9. The Captain Peter de Almeyda had Orders to carry the King to Goa or if he refused another Son which if not consented to should be taken by force A Son being demanded he answered He had but one who was too young for that Voyage Almeyda thinking this was but an Excuse began to commit Hostilities but being informed it was true desisted Yet he carried away Anria Sambo the King's Nephew who was Baptized at Goa by the Name of Hierome 10. Being now a Christian he was sent to his Country in a Pink commanded by Emanuel Freyre de Andrade with 100 Soldiers 2 Jesuits and a Present worth
Granadoes in her hands and they returned with shame 11. N. Barreto a Fidalgo 16 Years of Age killed his Father for which his Head was cut off so Justice was done where there never was any The Mercers of Goa esteemed more Honorable than the Goldsmiths would not allow them to use a sort of Umbrello with an Ornament on the top and middle of it A Goldsmith went abroad with such an Umbrello the Mercers broke it and beat him The other Goldsmiths coming to assist their Brother there ensued a Fray in which much Blood was spilt and much Plunder got though no victory for the Algnaâ—…es or Officers robbed the Shops of those who were fighting 12. On the 11th of November appeared a Comet in the East and another on the 24th They were seen at four in the morning both under the Sign Scorpio The first extended towards the South in the form of a Palm the other toward the North and was like a Flower-pot The latter lasted till the beginning of Ianuary the other till the 20th of December 13. The first time the King of Arracam went to the City Chatigam after the Portugueses inhabited there they presented him a Bough thick set with Figs he offered it to his white Elephant so coveted by all the Eastern Princes to eat but he would not though the King prayed him to take it for the King of Ova the Mogol and his own sake But scarce did he desire him to eat it for the King of Portugal when the Elephant joyfully snatched it in his Trunk The King in a Passion caused him to be deprived of all his Ornaments as a Golden Dish on which he fed Gold Chain by which they led him and the like The Beast for Grief would not eat and the King for fear it should die was forced to restore its Furniture 14. At this time died at Bengala that Moor so famous for his Age being above 300 Years old when Nunno de Cunna took Diu which was 60 Years before this time and he seemed now but 60 Years of Age. It was reported there were others 200 Years old thereabouts but upon enquiry none appeared Only one Woman was found about 100 Years of Age and had married that same Year having before buried seven Husbands Thus much for the Year 1618 now for that of 1619 which is no less wonderful 15. Upon one of the three Hills that overlook Goa stood a large wooden Cross on which very many of the Inhabitants of that City the 23th Day of February saw the perfect Figure of a Man Crucified The Archbishop having examined the Truth of it took it down and of it made a small one two spans in length with a Crucifix of Ivory upon and a Glory of Gold round The remaining Pieces were distributed to the Churches and Persons of Quality Ten Days after the Cross was taken down Water gushed from the hole where it had been fixed in which Cloaths being dipped wrought many miraculous Cures On the Place where the Cross stood was built a Church 16. It was debated in an Assembly of the principal Clergy whether the Threads the Bramenes hang across their Shoulders were a Heathenish Superstition or only a mark of Nobility after some time it was concluded in favour of the latter as only a distinction of Honour The reason of examining this Point was because many of the Bramenes refused to embrace the Faith only for that they were obliged as soon as Christians to leave off those Threads 17. D. F. Christopher the Archbishop said the first Mass in his Cathedral at Goa which was finished this Year and is not inferior in Grandure to many of the European Churches of Fame It was dedicated to St. Catherine on whose Day that City was taken 18. There happened a great Dearth and Famine which destroyed many People In only the little Island of Bardes almost 400 died There was a wonderful Eclipse of the Sun most visible at Moçambique soon after noon the day becoming quite dark the space of two hours This caused great Admiration as did another of the Moon at Goa 19. In the Province of Peking in China it rained not for a whole Year In that of Xantung the Famin was such Men eat one another Two Women were executed for eating eleven Children In that of Nanking was a Plague of Mice Two Parts in five of the King's Palace were burnt and five Towers were blown down in the City Two Suns were seen together the one eclipsing the other A Man entred the Palace to kill the Prince In the Province of Xangsi appeared a Man cloathed in yellow with a green Cap and Fan of Feathers who said Vambie that was the King's Name does not govern he has reigned long is always asleep the Kingdom going to Ruine the People starves the Captains are slain This said he vanished and though all means were used to find him he could never be heard of 20. That there might be somewhat extraordinary in the Viceroy he died on the 10th of November of a swelling upon his Back as big as the Crown of a Hat so black and monstrous it frighted not only the ignorant but the ablest Physicians 21. The Viceroy was buried in the Church of the King 's a League down the River the usual Burial Place of those who die in that Command as his Father did who is there interred He was not of a very piercing Judgment but positive of Stature tall well shaped neither white nor swarthy Of Viceroys he was the 23th of Governors 43th the 4th of the Name and 3d of the Sirname CHAP. XVIII Of the Governour Ferdinand de Albuquerque from the Year 1619 till 1622. 1. THE first Patent of Succession being opened there was found named Ferdinand de Albuquerque a Gentleman 70 Years of Age 40 whereof he had been married and an Inhabitant of Goa and consequently well versed in the Affairs of India But having lived long at ease was become slow in Business which suited not with the pressing Occasions of that time 2. The King of Porca always ill affected to the Portugueses this Year embraced our Friendship with great Demonstrations of Sincerity and Affection 3. The Arache D. Luis who became a Christian only to gain the better Opportunity of raising new Troubles now disturbed the Peace of Iafanapatan He stirred up the People to Enthrone a Prince at Remancor and marched with 30000 Men towards our Men who were fortified in a Pagod Philip de Oliveyra had but 30 Men having sent the rest to Ceylon as fearing no Insurrection With those 30 he withstood all that number of Enemies who first attacked the Church of our Lady in which were 30 other Portugueses and then the Pagod where Oliveyra was and were at both Places repulsed with Loss Oliveyra held it out a Month till Relief came from Ceylon Andrew Coello brought Succors by Water and Luis Teyxeyra 1600 Men by Land The latter entring the Kingdom did many Actions barbarous and inhuman He
the Prince gave him the Island and afterwards the Spiritualities thereof to the Military Order of Christ. 4. The Prince had spent twelve years endeavouring the discovery of Guinea and was now much encouraged by the discovery of these two Islands though many condemned his undertakings objecting That the Land he looked for was only Deserts like those of Libia that if any reached those Parts they would turn black that King Iohn his Father had invited Strangers to plant in Portugal so far from sending out people of which the Country was in want that God had appointed those Countries for the habitation of Wild Beasts which might appear by that they were expelled that new Island by the Rabbets All this time the Prince's undertakings were not only censured but almost fruitless till he sent Galianez in a Barque who passed that till then Invincible Cape Boxador which action was then in the common Opinion looked upon not inferior to the labours of Hercules 5. Gilianes returned in his Barque with Alonso Gonzales Balday in a bigger Vessel than the former and passed 30 Leagues beyond the Cape where landing they saw a great track of Men and Camels Without any further knowledge they returned home giving the name of Angra de Ruyvos to that Bay in English Bay of Gurnets because they found there great quantity of that Fish The next year the Design was continued and they passed twelve Leagues farther Here putting ashore two Men on Horseback who going on till the Afternoon saw nineteen Men with Javelins who fled and were pursued and some wounded and one of the Portugueses the first Blood spilt in those Parts Baldaya having notice thereof went ashore but in vain for the Moors fled in the Cave where the Moors had been were found some things of inconsiderable value but esteemed as an Omen of greater advantages They run on twelve Leagues farther where at the Mouth of a River they saw so many Sea-Wolves they judged them to be 5000 they killed many and brought the Skins which being a novelty were then had in esteem Going farther into the Land they found Fishing Nets drying but no People and their Provisions being spent they were obliged to return to their Prince without any further progress 6. Antony Gonzales was sent back to the place of the Sea-Wolves with orders to load his Vessel with their Skins One night he went up the Country eight Leagues with ten Men and spying a naked Man with two Darts in his hand driving a Camel he came up and took him the Man with the fright neither defending himself nor endeavouring to escape In his return he met a company of forty Moors and one Woman whom they also took in their sight without resistance these were the first taken on that Coast. Returning aboard they found another Ship was arrived there from Portugal under Command of Nunno Tristan with this addition of strength they went ashore again and met people at night and being so close that they lost the use of their Weapons clasped each other in Arms and knew not whom they held but by being naked and cloathed and the strangeness of the Language they killed three and returned to their Ships with ten Prisoners This Place they called Puerto del Cavallero or the Knights Port Antony Gonzales being there knighted by Nunno Tristan An Arab that was on board understood these Moors him and the Woman they put ashore to perswade the Inhabitants to redeem the Prisoners Next day appeared about 150 some on Camels some on Horseback provoking our Men to Land but finding they did not discharged a Volley of Stones at them and went off Antony Gonzales returned to Portugal with some Slaves Tristan having first careen'd coasted on as far as Cabo Blanco or White Cape where though he saw the track of People meeting none he returned home 7. Antony Gonzales returns carrying with him the chief of the Moors he had brought he promising to give seven Guinea Slaves for his ransom but once ashore forgot his promise yet giving notice in the Country others came to redeem the two Young Men that were Prisoners giving for them ten Blacks of several Countries and a considerable quantity of Gold Dust which was the first brought from those parts Therefore a Rivulet that runs up about six Leagues was called Rio del Oro or River of Gold This and a Shield of Buck-skin and some Ostriches Eggs they brought home all men admiring the colour of the Slaves The Gold stirred up covetous desires and encouraged Nunno Tristan to undertake again the Voyage and passing farther discovered the Island Adeget one of those of Arguim and saw twenty Almadies or Boats passing over from the Continent four men in each sitting in such manner that they rowed with their Legs Tristan launching his Boat with seven men chased them and brought fourteen aboard and going back for the rest they had reached the Island Hence they went over to another Island which they called De las Garcas or Island of Hauks because of the vast numbers they saw there and took some 8. The Profit encreasing the desire of it also encreased Some came from several parts to Portugal to admire those Rarities the Natives brought Lancelot the Prince's Servant Galianes who first passed Cape Bojador Stephen Alonso Roderick Alvarez and Iohn Diaz erected a Company in the Town of Lagos paying an acknowledgment to the Prince they asked leave to pursue these discoveries and set out with six Caravels whereof the first was Commander in chief arriving at the Island de las Garzas Martin Vincent and Giles Vasquez with each fourteen Souldiers in their Boats went over to the Island Nar where falling upon a Town they killed many and brought away 155 Prisoners all Moors The Captain Lancelot desiring to do the like attacked Tider and other Islands where he took above forty Prisoners which he presented to the Prince and was well rewarded 9. Gonzalo de Cintra set out with one Ship and coming to the Island Arguim run up a Creek at night intending to go ashore but the Tide ebbing he stuck and in the morning 200 Moors coming upon him he was killed with seven of his company These were the first Portugueses killed in these Attempts and from the Captain that place took name being called Angra de Gonçalo de Cintra fourteen Leagues beyond Rio del Oro. Antony Gonzales Iames Alonso and Gomez Perez set out in three Caravels bound for that River with orders to treat of the conversion of these Barbarians of Peace and Trade The Proposals were not received and they returned bringing back one of the People of the Continent who came voluntarily to see our Country and one of ours called Iohn Fernandez remained there with the same design Next Nunno Tristan made another Voyage and brought twenty Slaves from a neighbouring Village Dinis Fernandez in another Vessel passing the Mouth of the River Sanaga which divides the Azanagi from
Prince Henric's Motto whereby he expressed his designs and gave Lancelot to understand the Portugueses had been there before it was Alvaro Fernandez of Madera that was there He stood along the Shoar whilst Gomez Perez going up close in a Boat threw a Looking-Glass and a Sheet of Paper with a Crucifix on it upon the Land to some Blacks that were there who breaking and tearing them to pieces poured in a Volley of Arrows for which our men design'd to be revenged next day but a great Storm which dispersed all our Ships prevented the execution Laurence Diaz got home first Gomez Perez put in at Rio del Oro whence he brought one Slave and many Skins of Sea-Wolves and found the people there somewhat tractable Alvaro Freytas and Vincent Diaz in the Island Tider took fifty nine Slaves Diniz Fernandez and Palacano at Cape St. Ann took nine more twelve of our men swimming ashore for them With these and such like small successes they all returned home having lost one small Vessel but the men saved 14. Nunno Tristan run 60 Leagues beyond Cape Verde and anchoring at the Mouth of Rio Grande or the Great River he run up in his Boat and soon discovered eighty Blacks in thirteen Almadies or Boats who surrounded him and poured in their poisoned Arrows in such manner that they killed most of his men before they could get aboard where he also died none escaping without a Wound Only four men were left in the Ship brought her home after two months wandring in the Sea without knowing which way to steer Alvaro Fernandez prosecuted the same Voyage and went 40 Leagues beyond Tristan killing with his own hand the Lord of a Village whereby was put to flight a multitude that oppressed him At their return to the Ship they took two Women He came to the River Tabite where he was wounded being attacked by the Blacks in five Almadies Gilianes and others set out with ten Caravels carrying with them the Prisoners unjustly seized by Iohn de Castilla They put in at Cape Verde where they were beaten and lost five men They throve better among the Moors and therefore returned to Arguim where they made forty eight Slaves and at their return in Palma two Women which had cost them dear had not Iames Gonzales with a Cross-bow killed seven of the Islanders and among them their King who lead them with a Palm in his hand in token of his Soveraignty and our Victory 15. Gomez Perez deceived by some Moors of Rio del Oro who had promised a great ransom was revenged by bringing away eighty Slaves the same year Next year set out Iames Giles Homen with orders from the Prince to settle a Trade with the Moors of Meca or Messa 12 Leagues beyond Cape Gue where he got fifty Blacks for eighteen he carried with him and returned being drove away by a storm Here was left behind against his will Iohn Fernandez he who voluntarily staid before among the Azanagi They brought a Lion which was then much looked upon in Lisbon The Fame of these Attempts flew so that it brought from the King of Denmarks Court a Gentleman called Ballarte a person capable and desirous of great Designs He was well recommended by his King to the Prince who at his Suit sent him with Ferdinand Alonso who then went Embassador to the King of Cape Verde They were ready to receive him in hostile manner but were appealed when two Blacks who were the Interpreters told them our design the chief points whereof were the shewing them the Light of the Gospel and teaching them a more civilized way of living Their Farim or Governour being informed hereof came down to the Shoar and sent an account of our arrival to his King Mean while they began peaceably to trade Some Elephants Teeth stirred up a desire in Ballarte to see one alive A Black offered to shew him one and treacherously slew him and some of our men which obliged us not to stay the coming of that King 16. King Duarte reigned but a short time His Son Alonso the Fifth succeeded him being but six years of Age at seventeen he took upon him the Government Prince Peter Brother of the Discoverer having ruled for him those eleven years Because from this time the Discoveries were managed upon the King's account we will conclude with a description of this great Undertaker Prince Henry the Beginner and Author of the South and Eastern discoveries was of a proportionable bigness his Limbs gross and strong his Skin white and fair his Hair strong and rough his Countenance was terrible to such as were not acquainted for in the greatest heats he was more governed by Meekness than Passion he had a grave and graceful Gate he was very circumspect and cautious in his words plain in his Person as far as suitable with his Quality patient in Troubles valiant in Danger skilled in Learning the best Mathematician of his Age very liberal extream zealous for Religion he was not known to be given to any Vice he never married nor was it heard that he sinned against Continency his Memory and Prudence were equal to his Authority He died at Sagres in the year 1463. and the 67th of his Age he lies with his Father in the most noble Church of Batalla CHAP. II. Discoveries under King Alfonso the Fifth from the Year 1448. to the Year 1471. 1. KING Alfonso the Fifth took upon him the Government and prosecuted as his Uncle had done those discoveries The first step he gave was a grant to the Prince that none without his leave should pass Cape Bojador and also the fifth and tenth of all things brought from thence The differences between the King and his Uncle Prince Peter were a great stop to these affairs Leave was granted the Prince to plant the Islands Azores discovered by Gonzalo Vello they are seven in number their Names St. Michael St. Mary Iesus or Tercera Graciosa Pico Fayall Flores and Cuervo which lies farthest to the Westward as does the first to the Eastward They differ not much in Latitude being about the same with Lisbon The reason why they were so called is from a great number of Hauks which they call Azores that were seen there when first discovered In the last was found the Statue of a Man on Horseback with a Cloak but no Hat his Left Hand on the Horses Main the Right pointing to the West there were some Letters carved on the lower Rock but not understood It seemed to point out America Because in the Islands of Argâ—…m there was trading for Gold and Blacks the King ordered a Fort to be built in one of the Islands and called by the same name it was erected by Suero Mendez who was Commander of it At this time also were discovered the Islands of Cape Verde by Antony Nole a Genoese sent by that Republick to Portugal He also discovered the Island called Mayo or May because he arrived
there the first day of that Month. Next day he saw the other two which he named St. Philip and St. Iacob The names of those not yet mentioned are Fuego Brava Boavista Sal St. Nicholas St. Lucy St. Vincent St. Antony in all ten They are commonly called of Cape Verde for that they lie 100 Leagues to the Westward of it Pedro de Cintra and Suero de Costa went as far as Sierra Leona 2. So great were the hopes of the Guinea Trade and the returns stirred up covetousness so that the King farmed this Trade to Fernando Gomez for 500 Ducats a small sum in comparison of their present greatness He was obliged to continue the discoveries 500 Leagues farther in five years He fortunately discovered the Trade of Oro de la Mina or the Gold of the Mine by Iohn de Santaren and Peter de Escobar They went as far as Cape St. Catharine 37 Leagues beyond Cape Lope Gonzales in two Degrees and half of South Latitude For this discovery was added to him the Sirname of Mina and he was made Noble Ferdinand Po discovered the Island which he called Hermosa or Beautiful which name it changed for the Discoverers The last discovery during the reign of King Alonso was that of Cape St. Catharine so called because discovered on her day There were other discoveries before this as the Coast from whence was brought the first Cochinilla which the Italians knowing the Value but not the Name call Grana del Paraiso or Scarlet of Paradise they had it from the Moors of this part of Guinea who crossing the Country Mandinga and Deserts of Libia brought it to the Port Mundibarca in the Mediterranean Now were found the Islands St. Thomas Anno Bueno and Principe all neglected the King being wholy bent upon Africk How little these places were minded may appear by this that a Spanish Fleet commanded by Garcia de Loaysa Knight of Malta arriving at the Maluco Islands the year 1525. he found there were Portugueses there before it was known in Portugal and found in two degrees of South Latitude the Island of St. Mathew not inhabited but with footsteps of the Portugues several Fruit-trees and tame Cattle carved on the Bark of a Tree that our men had been there 87 years before and the French Motto of Prince Henry Talent de bien Faire It was the custom of those Sailers to leave this Motto in all places where they landed CHAP. III. Discoveries and Conquests under King John the Second from the Tear 1481. till the Tear 1495. 1. KING Iohn the Second who succeeded his Father Alonso considering the Riches of the Countries discovered encreased his Revenue and finding the Natives inclined to receive the Faith ordered a Fort to be raised in that part where was the Trade of Gold called Mina To this end he fitted out twelve Vessels laden with all Materials for the Work from the Stones of the Foundation to the Tiles with Provisions for 600 Men 500 of them Souldiers the rest Workmen The Commander was Iames de Azambuja At his arrival he confirmed the Peace some time before concluded with that People He acquainted the Prince of it called Camaransa with his arrival and intention He landed to take possession and set up the Portugal Colours upon a Tree at the Foot of it he made an Altar and caused to be celebrated the first Mass that had been in those parts He prepared himself to receive the Black King who came attended with many of his Subjects naked save that from their Waste downward hung Monkies Skins or covering made of Palm-leaves All armed some with Shields and Javelins others Bows and Arrows some had Skins for Helmets in such manner they appeared more ridiculous than terrible The Prince's Legs and Arms were covered with plates of Gold on his Neck a Chain with many small Bells and Tags to his Beard Before him went a great number of Instruments more noisie than harmonious all that were known were Tabors Horns and Bells He met the Captain with a grave and pleasing Countenance the Captain received him with Gravity and Magnificence The Black took his hand in token of Peace the same the chief Men about him After the Ceremonies different in the Nations but all vain and impertinent Azambuja laid open his Kings design which was first to instruct him in the Christian Faith and conceal our Covetousness asking leave to build a House for our Men to live in which was to be a Fort to offend them upon occasion I do not pretend to persuade the World our only design was to Preach on condition it be believed it was not only to Trade 2. The Portuges Captain was heard with wonderful attention and the proposal of Religion admitted but that of the House or Fort rejected for they are Barbarians in our conceit but not for their own Interests Azambuja pressed and Caramansa yielded and retired The Workmen began to break a Rock for the Work and the Blacks who adored it taking that as an Affront drove them away Azambuja took the wisest course and running to them pacified them with many Gifts not of value but such as pleased The Fort finished was called St. George for the particular devotion the King had to that Saint As it encreased it gained the name and priviledge of a City Azambuja remained there with 60 men and sent back the Fleet laden with Gold He held that Government three years he gave it up with Honour a thing rare among the Portugueses and was honourably rewarded 3. The King began to take the Title of Lord of Guinea The Custom till now had been to set up Wooden Crosses in all the new Discoveries the King ordered for the future to carry them of Stone with the Kings and Captains Names the Time when by whom and by whose Order erected The first of these was Iames Cam who passing Cape Catharine the last of King Alonso's discoveries came to the River Congo in the Kingdom of the same Name by the Inhabitants called Zagre He went up the River and saw on both sides Blacks but were not understood by those he carried with him By signs he found they had a King and that he resided far off He sent him Presents the most powerful Arguments of Embassadors but finding the Men that carried them stay long he set sail bringing some Blacks home with him King Iohn was well pleased to see them and dispatched again the same Iames Cam sending back with him the Blacks joyful with many Presents he gave them but above all with the recovery of their Liberty The first part of his Instructions was the Conversion of those Infidels At his arrival he restored those Blacks to their Prince and received the Men he left behind with mutual admiration Following on the Discovery he ran 20 Leagues farther setting up the Cross he called St. Augustin in 13 degrees of South Latitude and another in 22. At his return to Congo having seen the King he
the two famous Rivers Gambea or rather Rio Grande and Zanaga so called by the Portugueses from a Prince of that Name whom they spoke with when they discovered it it has other names in the several Countries it runs through and makes many Islands most as being uncooth inhabited only by Wild Beasts It is navigable 150 Leagues up where a ridge of perpendicular Rocks crosses it in such manner that the Water falling down forms an Arch under which Travellers pass dry and pleasant to behold but makes a hideous noise with the fall The Gambea or Rio Grande runs 180 Leagues and carries more Water it is not all Navigable but runs with less noise though filled with many Rivers that water the Country Mandinga Both these Rivers flow out of the famous Niger and may as well be esteemed but so many Mouths thereof There is great variety of Fish in these Rivers and several other Creatures along them as Horses Crocodiles and Serpents with Wings the other Beasts that abound are Elephants Ounces Wild Boars and a many more Great are the numbers of them and wonderful their variety and different forms The Waters of the two Rivers mixt cause Vomiting yet each asunder does not In this part is that great Cape called Cabo Verde by Ptolome C. Assinarium in about 14 degrees of North Latitude The Country runs 170 Leagues Eastward is most fruitful and has many populous Cities To Tombotu the Mart of Mandingo Gold resort the Merchants of Grand Cair Tunez Oran Tremisen Fez Morocco and other places This trade moved King Iohn to build the Fort on the River Zanaga The 20 Caravels were commanded by Peter Vaz de Cunna who landing with D. Iohn Bemoi the King and beginning to raise the Fort in the place assigned either suspecting that he deceived him or fearing to die in that Country basely killed the King endeavouring with that Foul Crime to hide another not so hainous which was to return without finishing the Work and in fine he came back without any effect 9. The Congo Embassador being well instructed in the Faith was sent home with three Ships Sono was the first Land they made and arrived safe at Congo They were joyfully received by an Old Lord called Manisono Uncle to that King who desired to be baptized An Altar was erected in the Field and he was admitted to this Sacrament by the name of Manuel and his Son by that of Antony in the presence of 25000 of their People this being the first time that Sacrament was there administred The King of Congo Nephew to this Lord hearing what he had done added to his Estate and caused all the Idols within his Dominions to be destroyed The King made his residence at Ambasse Congo 50 Leagues distant where he received Ruy de Sousa the Portugal Commander on an Ivory Chair placed on a Lofty Throne From the Waste upwards he was naked the lower part wrapt in Sky-colour Damask on the Left Arm a Bracelet of Brass from his Shoulder hung a curious Horse-tail a Royal Badge among them on his Head a thing like a Miter of a delicate Webb made of Palm which resembles wrought Velvet After the Ceremonies he desired to see the Holy Vestments He viewed them with deliberation and respect in presence of his Queen Children and the Chief of the Court. Then he gave leave to build a Church which was done in few days of the invocation of the Holy Cross because begun the day of that Feast in May. In this Church was baptized the King and some of his People there being above 100000 present as well for that they flocked to see the Novelty as because they were preparing for a Neighbouring War The King was called Iohn and the Queen Ellenor in honour of our Sovereigns Afterwards were baptized the greatest part of those had flocked thither The New Christian King went to meet his Enemy relying more on his Conversion and the Cross in the Colours he had received from Ruy de Sousa than in 80000 men he had in Arms nor were his hopes vain he returned with Victory and Ruy de Sousa to Portugal with the honour of having compleated one of the most famous undertakings of this Crown leaving in that Kingdom People capable to labour the New Vineyard 10. Afterwards was baptized the Prince who had been absent in the Wars and called Alfonso Panso Aquitimo the King 's Second Son would not receive the Faith and the Father falling off because as a Christian he could be allowed but one Wife resolved to leave the Crown to the Heathen Aquitimo in wrong of the Prince who continued constant in the Faith Alfonso was abroad in banishment when his Father died but returning to Court was received as King Aquitimo having recourse to the Sword fell upon him when he had but thirty seven Christians as well-Portugueses as Blacks yet under the Banner of the Cross Alfonso overcame a vast multitude of Infidels Aquitimo being taken and then slain A Gentleman that accompanied Aquitimo desired to be baptized immediately declaring they had been overcome by a Glorious Army that was lead by a Cross and not by the thirty seven Christians Alfonso established in peace destroyed all Idols and propagated the Faith with great zeal He sent his Sons Grandsons and Nephews to Portugal to study Two of them were worthily afterwards Bishops in those parts In memory of that Victory and of the first Colours sent this King as also that the Faith was first planted on the day of the invention of the Cross he took for his Arms Gules a Cross Fleury Argent between two Crosses Pattee charged with the Arms of Portugal 11. The beginning of the Year 1493 came into the River of Lisbon Christopher Columbus who brought from an Island guessed to be that of Sipango some Men Gold and great tokens of Riches This Great Man some time before had offered his service to King Iohn who having slighted him then looked on him now with some regret and he provoked him with some extravagant words in revenge of the small regard made of him There were some who offered to kill him as well to punish his Boldness as to conceal from Spain his Discoveries But the King sent him away with honour Columbus was a Genoese and learned Navigation in Portugal he was employed by the King of Spain and he had sent him to the Discovery he now came from King Iohn did not envy the Fortune of Spain but feared that Discovery was part of what the Portugueses had been so long in quest of This caused him to fit out a Fleet commanded by D. Francisco de Almeyda in order to oppose those proceedings judging he had right on his side but it proved not so Several Embassies passed on both sides to agree the business and at last came to a conclusion 12. Though Prince Bemoi was dead the hopes of making a farther progress in that Country about Zanaga died not with him
They who went in that Fleet had not performed what they were sent for but discovered more Land and gained the good will of the Natives The Trade was afterwards continued and a good correspondence between our King and those Princes Peter de Evora and Goncalo Anez went to those of Turucol and Tombotu Roderick Rebelo Peter Reynel and Iohn Colaco and others carried Presents to Mandimansa and Temala of the Fouli the most warlike of all those People The King had also correspondence with him of the Moses very famous in that Age and with Mahomet Ben Manzugul Grandson of Muza and King of Songo a populous City of Mandinga who receiving a full account of our King said That none of 444 from whom he was descended had any knowledge of more powerful Kings than four which were those of Alimaen Baldac Grand Cayre and Tucurol At this same time the King laboured to settle a Factory in the City Huadem 70 Leagues to the Eastward of Arguim as well for the Trade of Gold as to have some intelligence of Prester Iohn which he solicited by all means Many were sent to these Discoveries by Land But Death put a stop to King Iohn's farther progress in these affairs but cannot obscure the Glory due to him for propagating the Christian Faith in so remote parts building the Forts of Arguim and St. George de la Mina which fixed the Sovereignty of Portugal in Guinea that abounds in Gold Ivory and all other Riches and Plenty and the Gate that opened a way to the most Heroick Actions afterwards performed by the Portugues Arms. CHAP. IV. Discoveries under King Emanuel from the Year 1497 when he sent out Vasco de Gama till the Year 1500. 1. KING Emanuel inherited not only his Predecessors Kingdom but his earnest desire of finding a shorter passage by Sea to the East Indies This attempt was generally condemned by the greater number but carried by the more prevalent Judgments The King being in the Town of Estremoz when he appointed Vasco de Gama to Command the Fleet he designed to send This was a Gentleman of sufficient Quality Ability and Spirit for such a difficult Enterprise The King honour'd him expressing the great confidence he had in him and delivered the Colours he was to carry on which was the Cross of the Military Order of Christ and on which this worthy Hero took the Oath of Fidelity 2. Having received Letters for the Princes of the East among others Prester Iohn and Zamori or the King of Calicut he sailed from Lisbon upon Saturday the 8th of Iuly with only three small Ships and 160 men The Names of the Ships St. Gabriel St. Raphael and Berrio the Captains Paul de Gama Brother to Vasco and Nicolas Nunnez there went also a Barque laden with Provisions Commanded by Goncalo Nunnez Having passed the Seas already known to Portugues Sailers they discovered others and after five Months sail landed on the Sands of a Bay now called Angra de Santa Elena because first seen on that Saints day Here they took one of two Blacks who were busie gathering Hony in the Mountain little thinking how far human Boldness carries men This man pleased with some Glasses and small Bells brought some others from a Village in hopes of getting some of those things and these being furnished brought many more 3. Fernando Veloso a daring Young Man asked leave to go see the habitation of the Blacks but he returned with more speed than he went being pursued to the shore and a Shower of Arrows following as he got into the Boat Vasco de Gama endeavouring to appease them was wounded in the Leg and because they would not hearken to him he revenged himself with Cross-bows from aboard The third day being the twentieth of November he weighed and passed the Great Cape of Good Hope On St. Catharines day they touched at Angra de San Blas which is near the Island where are found the Birds called Soliticairos made like a Goose but with Wings like Batts this is 60 Leagues beyond the Cape Here they exchanged some Merchandise and observed the People garding their Cattle some Women riding on Oxen and some dancing to Pipes that made no contemptible Musick But because as they coasted in order to find some Port they found the Blacks appeared in greater numbers and warlike manner he terrified them with firing some Guns He took all the Provisions out of the Barque and burnt it On St. Lucies day hapned a Storm the more terrible because it was the first On Christmas-day they saw the Land which for that reason they called Terra de Natal or Christmas-land as also the River they named de los Reyes or of the Kings for being first seen on the day of Epiphany Here Gama left two Men to inform themselves of the Country and give him an account at his return To this purpose he carried some Malefactors their punishment being changed for these dangers After dealing for some Ivory and Provisions so much to the satisfaction of the Blacks that their King came aboard he went on as far as Cabo de Corrientes and without seeing the Town of Zofala passed 50 Leagues farther and went up a River where were several Boats with Sails made of Palm It was an encouragement to our Men to see these People for that they understood something of sailing a thing they had not seen in all those Coasts and because they were not so black as the others and understood the Arabick Letter They concluded them more civilized by their Habit of several Colours and divers sorts of Stuffs both Cotten and Silk They said that to the Eastward lived White People who sailed in Vessels like 〈◊〉 This River Gama called de Bons Sinays or of good Signs for the information he got of what he looked for though he lost some Men and many sickned their Gums swelling out of their Mouths and there was no cure but cutting which proceeded from the badness of the Provisions Sailing hence they again cast Anchor among the Islands of St. George opposite to Mozambique whence came several Zambucos or Boats in jovial manner the Musick of several Instruments sounding in them As they came near were seen some Black others almost White all had Persian Veils and were cloathed with Cotton of sundry Colours They asked our Men boldly who they were and what they wanted Gama answered to the first part and said he would answer to the rest when he knew whose that Town was They said the Lord of it was Zacoeja to whom all Vessels sent notice of their Arrival Then Gama replied that his Voyage was to India and wanted a Pilot to conduct him to Calicut that this was what he desired of the Xeque or Lord. He sent him some Presents though not of great value valuable for their rarity 4. A Moor who carried the advice returned with many thanks for the Presents with some fresh Meats making excuses that the great distance was what
and resorted to by Mahometan Merchants Their Kings were always of the Family of the Bramenes among them esteemed most Religious and Learned and great Observers of the Doctrine of Pythagoras The People is divided into two Degrees the Commons whom they call Poleas and the Nobles called Nayres who are valiant and skil'd in the Arms they use and always wear Sword and Buckler so proud that if but touched by a Commoner they hold it as a great misfortune and cleanse themselves by washing This King of Calicut is the most powerful of all the Coast and therefore for distinction called Zamori as much as Emperor The Kingdom took its name from the Metropolis in which are many Stately Buildings of the Natives for the Merchants do not mind it It has no shelter for Ships which are forced to Ride it out at Anchor in the Road. This is the place where we left the Discoverers 8. Gama arrived here on the 20th of May he gave advice to the King who was not then in the City but sent him a Pilot to bring the Ships to a safer place During this interval came acquainted with the Portugueses a Moor called Monzayde who lived there and told them in Spanish he had known them in Oran and would be serviceable to them there So it proved for from that time he passed between Vasco de Gama and Zamori upon all occasions with great fidelity and at last died a Christian in Portugal The third day our Commander went ashore with twelve others a Catual or Governour coming from the King to conduct him they were carried on Mens Backs with such ease that the motion though swift is hardly to be perceived Thus they were carried many flocking about them to a Pagod or Temple equal including all its Offices to the greatest of our Monasteries On the top of the Front were five Bells and opposite to it a high Pillar of Brass with a Cock on the top Within the Gate attended four Bramens covered from the Waste to the Knees with Cotten Cloaths and for a Badge of their Profession each had three Threads cross his Shoulders hanking like a Shoulder Belt They sprinkled them with Water and gave Powder of Sandal to put on their Foreheads all with great Ceremony and no less Reverence than is used among us in taking the Holy Water in Church About the Walls were painted several horrid Figures of Monsters and Wild Beasts In the middle was a round Chappel of good Structure with Brass Gates within it was the Statue of a Woman which by reason of the darkness could not be perfectly discovered The Portugueses looking upon it and asking what it was the Malabars answered aloud and with a joyful Reverence Mary Mary Mary and prostrated themselves on the ground Our Men did the same judging that to be the Image of our Lady nor were they deceived for it could be no other those People many Ages before having professed Christianity The throng of the People grew so great they stopped the way and with the eager desire of seeing the new Guests almost stifled them Having gone thus 5 Leagues they came to the Palace where they saw the King on a Rich Bed set out with Silk and Gold his Looks full of Majesty Cloathed with White Cotton strewed with Branches and Roses of Beaten Gold on his Head a thing like a Mitre set with many Pearls his Arms and Legs naked but on them Bracelets and Rings of Gold set with Rich Jewels A Grave Person by his side held a Gold Plate with some Leaves of Betele an Herb comfortable to the Stomach which the Eastern Princes much use chewing and swallowing the Juice of it The eldest Bramen who was next the Bed and whose Age Grey Hairs and Garb were Venerable arose and taking Vasco de Gama by the Hand presented him to that Great Emperor who looked upon him friendly but saluted him so scantly that the motion of his Head could scarce be perceived and made signs to the Bramen to make him sit down on the Steps of the Ascent whereon the Bed stood He heard him and answered in general Terms then took the Letter sent by King Emanuel which was writ in Portugues and Arabick keeping it to consult with his Ministers about the Answer promising it should be speedy The substance was only to settle a friendly correspondence between the two Crowns in order to a Free Trade which might be to the advantage of both Gama was entertained in the House of a Catual or Governour where the next day he endeavoured to gain him and the other Ministers with Presents but they being inferiour to their Avarice he found next time he spoke with them that he had not won them but the King seemed more pleased than the first time whence may appear the Good Will of a Prince is bought at a cheaper rate than those who would govern them when raised to their Favour In fine he was content that a free Commerce should be setled between the two Kingdoms 9. The Moors understanding this Agreement envious of our success and fearing the damage must ensue to their Trade made many Objections against our admittance assuring that we who came now suing would settle our selves forcibly in time to come They bribed the Catual or Governour and he perswaded the King our Men were Pirats and not Embassadors It was wonderful that the King not knowing how to proceed because there was none could satisfie him of the truth of this Business he resolved to rely upon the Faith of him whom his Ministers accused for as if he had known how odious a Lie though to their advantage was to the Portugueses he sent for Vasco de Gama declaring to him at large how he was informed his Embassie was feigned and that he was some banished or fugitive Person making him great offers of a kind reception in case it were so and promising to rely upon his information for the credit of the whole matter Gama heard the King with a great deal of firmness in his Countenance and declared himself highly sensible of the great confidence the King reposed in him in a most learned Speech with powerful Arguments answered to all that had been laid to his Charge and concluded with the same gravity and staidness he had kept through his long discourse The King who had kept his Eyes fixed upon him all the time his harangue lasted hoping by exteriour signs to discover the truth of his assertions drew a conclusion from the security of his Looks the elegancy of his Words and gravity of his Person that there could no deceit be couched under such fair appearances that the Moors proceeded malitiously and his Ministers were imposed upon Then very frankly bid him return to his Ships to land what Merchandise he brought if any and while that was disposed of he would prepare such an Answer for the King as should be to his satisfaction 10. Vasco de Gama providing to return to his Ships was
and three Zambucos small Vessels and in them twelve Magistrates of the City Brava who as such submitted that City to Portugal with the yearly Tribute of 500 Meticales The two Kings came to a Battle and parted upon equal Terms Now came Antony de Saldanna whereupon he of Monbaça came to an agreement Beyond Cape Guardafu and in the Islands Canacani they worsted some Moors who would hinder their watering On the upper Coast of Arabia they burnt a Ship laden with Frankincense and forced ashoar another that carried Pilgrims to Meca But whilst they sail to India let us see what is doing at Cochin 5. Zamori of Calicut called â—…gether the Kings and Lords of Malabar and there resorted to him those of Tanor Bespur Cotugan and Corin and ten Lords of equal Power besides the Lesser They drew together 50000 men as well for Land as Sea for the Sea were 4000 men in 280 Paraos Caturs and Tonees Vessels of several sorts with 382 Cannons to batter the new Fort all the rest was for the Land to attack the Ford of a River that passed to the Island these were commanded by Naubea Dâ—…ring Nephew and Heir to him of Calicut and by Elancol Lord of Repelim The King of Cochin was in fear seeing many of his Subjects desert but Duarto Pacheco who commanded the Portugueses encouraged him Pacheco put himself into a posture of Defence Into the Ship he put 25 men into the Fort 39 into the Caravel 26 into a Boat 23 he was in another with 22 besides these 300 Malabars attended him the King with his Forces was to guard the City Thus he went to meet Zamori and finding him quartered in a Village attacked it and did much harm There hapned three fierce ingagementâ—… about gaining the Pass in the first the Enemy lost 20 Paraos sunk by the Cannon and 180 Persons of Note above 1000 private men In the second 19 Paraos and 360 men In the third 622 Paraos and 60 fled and 15000 men by Land and among them Zamori Pacheco pursuing burnt four Towns 6. The Moors that were with the King of Cochin â—…ve intelligence to the Enemy The King gave Pacheco leave to punish them He took five secured them and gave out they were hanged which the King and all his People reseâ—…ed Zamori returns and attempts another Ford. Iames Perez and Peter Raphael with two Caravels and some Boats were posted where the Lord of Repelim was to attack with 3000 men sustained by the Prince Naubeadarim with his men At this time 300 Moors deserted Pacheco he wanted Powder and the Prince of Cochin to whom he sent for it did not relieve him for the Messenger treacherously forbore delivering the message But Pacheco overcoming all difficulties killed 650 of Zamori's men who retired to a Grove of Palm-trees where nine of his men were killed so near him by a Cannon Ball that he was sprinkled with their Blood After this he lost 6000 men by the Plague 7. Great were the preparations the King of Calicut made and the mean time fatigued Pacheco with several stratagems and treacheries The Bramen Conjurers proposed the making a Powder which being thrown in our mens Eyes would blind them and so they would be easily overcome besides they had a new invention of Castles that were to destroy them and the Moors of Cochin were underhand bribed to poyson the water of the Island The Powder was looked upon as ridiculous but great care was taken by Pacheco to prevent the Poyson The Castles began to appear and were eight in number fifteen foot high and placed upon two Boats each and carried many men Pacheco had a 160 men divided into four parts the Foord the Fort the Caravels and the Ship and herein consisted the principal strength of the Kingdom of Cochin for of the 30000 men the King had at first there were now but 8000 left many of the Principal Men having deserted Zamori had brought 80000 men and lost 20000. Whilst the Towers were preparing Pacheco was attacked by a number of Paraos in one attack he killed some men and took five Boats in another eight with thirteen Cannons Six bold Nayres offered to kill him and in order thereto came over as Deserters but he having intelligence apprehended and sent them to the King Zamori gave out that the Portugueses at Cochin were all killed to the intent those who resided at Cananor and Coulam should be destroyed they were in great danger one or two killed and many wounded The King of Cochin though he saw the great danger that threatned him was resolved to endure the utmost miseries rather than abandon the Portugueses but feared those few must at last be overpowred by the multitude of the Enemy and the danger of those brave men grieved him more than his own he therefore most earnestly entreated Pacheco to quit that enterprize and save himself and men for some opportunity wherein he might do his Prince greater service But Pacheco bid the King be of good courage and not dishearten his Subjects with any signs of fear but exhort them to stand firm and thereby they should overcome all difficulties And fearing lest some Portugueses by his example might faulter in his resolution of dying or conquering he went aboad the Ship and made to them a most learned copious and resolute Speech which gave new vigour to them all but much more his speedy Orders and Couragious Activity shewn at that very time for scarce was the Speech ended when the Enemy came to assail him the Enemies design was to burn our Ships and therefore those Castles were drove towards them all the Front flaming But Pacheco who perceived their intent threw over long Beams one end whereof resting against the Ship the other hindred the approach of those burning Castles 8. The Enemy appeared with 290 small Vessels well stored with Men and Artillery and eight Castles one carrying 40 men two 35 each and every one of the other five 30 men before all came the Fireworks The Shoar was covered by 30000 men with good Artillery at the Head of them the Lord of Repelim with a vast number of Pioneers The Fight began the odds being almost 300 Vessels to three At first the Artillery wrought no effect but being continued tore those Towers and the Smoak being somewhat allayed the Sea appeared covered with broken Boats Arms dead Bodies and others strugling with Death the Fight was renewed with great loss to the Enemy and not one Portugues killed Next day Zamori returned and was beaten off with greater damage having lost 18000 men in the space of five Months that this service lasted The King by the advice of his Bramens retired to do Pennance and by consent of his Councel desired a Peace which the King of Cochin granted At this time Pacheco received a Message from the Factor at Coulam desiring he would come to assist him against five Ships of Moors who obstructed his Market of Pepper Pacheco went with
Weather and one lost but the men saved He entred that Port and saluted as usual but was not answered whereupon he complained to the King He at first framed excuses and avoided coming to a Conference though Don Francisco attended in the place appointed which set him upon studying revenge After a Council held it was resolved to erect a Fort in that place as was desired by King Emanuel Having promised some description of all such places as we took possession of it will be fit to insert here that of the Country City and Fort of Quiloa 4. From Cape Guardafu the most Western point of Africk to Mocambique are 550 Leagues a hollow Coast like a Bow when bent From Cape Mozambique to Cape Corrientes 170 Leagues thence to the Cape of Good Hope 340 Leagues hence the Coast runs bowing to the Westward as far as the Borders of the Kingdom of Congo but by reason of its great length appears to the Eye to run strait to the Northward Drawing a Line from the Southern borders of Congo cross the Continent Eastward there remains to the Southward that great portion of Africk to which the Barbarous Inhabitants have given no name but was called by the Persians Caffaria and the Inhabitants Cafres which signifies a Rude People without Law or Government and our late Geographers call it Ethiopia Inferior Above this on the East runs for above 200 Leagues that Coast which we call Zanguebar but the Arabians and Persians give this name to all the Coast as far as the Cape of Good Hope Above Zanguebar as far as Point Guardafu and Mouth of the Red Sea is that which the Arabs call Aiam or Aiana inhabited by the same Arabs and the Inland by Heathen Blacks Most of this Coast is very low and subject to inundations covered with impenetrable Woods which made it excessive hot and unhealthy The Natives are black of curled Hair Idolaters so gi-given to Superstition that upon frivolous motives they give over the most important Designs as it hapned to the King of Quiloa at this time who because a Black Cat crossed him at his coming out failed of meeting Don Francisco de Almeyda The Cattle Fruit and Grain is answerable to the wildness of the Country The Moors who inhabit the Coast and adjacent Islands are little given to Tilling and feed upon Wild Beasts and some loathsom things those who live in the Inland and have commerce with the Barbarous Cafres make use of some Milk Nature has stored the Country with much Gold that those People might inhabit it and our Covetousness though at such distance find them out It was Covetousness that first drew thither the Arabs called Emozaydii that is subjects of Zayde who built two considerable Towns only sufficient to secure them against the Cafres These continued so till great numbers of other Arabs who were Neighbourers of the City Laçab 40 Leagues from the Island Baharem in the Persian Gulph came over thither whose first Plantation was Magadoxa and after Brava the former became the Metropolis The first Arabs separated from these and mixing with the Cafres were called Baduiis The first that had the Trade of the Mine of Zofala were those of Magadoxa who discovered it accidentally Thence they spread themselves but never durst pass Cape Corrientes a Point opposite to the Westermost part of the Island Madagascar or St. Laurence and takes its name from the violent Current of Water which often endangers Ships there But along these Coasts they possessed themselves of Quiloa Monbaça Melinde the Isles of Pemba Zanzibar Monfia Comoro and others Quiloa was the chief of all their Plantations and thence many were spread particularly on the Coast of Madagascar The Sea by degrees wearing away both sides made Quiloa an Island It bears many Palm and Thorn-trees and divers Herbs and Plants Cattle Wild Beasts and Birds much after the same manner as Spain the Buildings also after our manner flat at the Top with Gardens and Orchards behind On one side is the Royal Palace built in the manner of a Fort the Gate to the Sea opposite to the Anchoring place where ours at that time were 5. Don Francisco de Almeyda having resolved to land was the first that touched the Shoar with 500 men He and his Son Laurence at the same time attacked the City in two places Our men had enough to do to cover themselves with their Shields from the showers of Arrows that flew yet they advanced but finding the greatest damage they received was from the tops of the Houses they entred and gained some of them and thereby so much advantage that the King fled and set up in the Field Portugues Colours which stopt the Current of the Conquerors till he had got over to the Continent with his Wives and Riches The City was plundered and not one man lost in this Action though a considerable number of the Enemies was killed 6. Mir Abraham now overcome was but an Usurper but the 44th Possessor of that Island of which number many were Tyrants like him A Kinsman of this Abraham called Mahomet Anconii had been very faithful and serviceable to the Portugueses to requite him Don Francisco ordered when the City was plundered that nothing appertaining to him should be touched And after all was setled sent for and declared him King of that place putting a Crown of Gold upon his Head with much Pomp and Ceremony It was a wonderful act of Moderation in this Barbarian that as soon as the Crown was on his Head he declared that had the lawful King Alfudail murdered by the late Usurper been living he would have resigned that Crown to him but since he could not do it he desired the Son of the said Alfudail might be sworn hereditary Prince though he himself had Children for whom he might covet that Inheritance This Example in a Heathen might confound the inhuman insolence and barbarity in Christians at least those who pretend to the name who wade through Seas of Blood â—…end the most Sacred Bonds of Consanguinity and Alliance spoil Provinces oppress the Good exalt the Wicked make Honesty Treason and Perjury Duty and Religion a property to work their ambitious cursed ends to wit to snatch Scepters and Crowns from the Hands and Heads where the Eternal Providence has most worthily placed them 7. All things being again setled Don Francisco in twenty days raised a Fort the Gentlemen Captains and he himself working at it He put into it 550 men and left a Caravel and a Brigantine to cruise there The 8th of August he set sail for Mombaça and arrived there with 13 Sail. The City Mombaça is seated in an Island which is about 14 Leagues in circumference it is beautiful and strong before it is a large Bay capable of many Ships Before he entred two Vessels were sent to sound the Bar which is commanded by a Platform with eight Pieces of Cannon which began to play upon them that were fadoming but they
ashoar for Water but on a sudden the Cannon of the Town began to do great execution upon our Ships which drew off hastily not knowing the cause of this turn till some time after they understood 2000 men sent by the King of Ormuz for the defence of the place were newly arrived and their Officers refused to stand to the Peace Albuquerque had received no small damage from the great Cannon which was plaid very smartly but landing his men at break of day he assaulted the Town so couragiously and fortunately that as our men entred in at one Gate the Moors ran out at another The Place was plundered all except the Governours House saved because he received our men friendly and gave them notice to retire when the Relief came though he was killed in the confusion not being known This done he passed to Soar all the Inhabitants whereof fled except the Governour and some of the Principal Moors who offered it up to Albuquerque and received it back to hold of King Emanuel paying the same Tribute he had given to him of Ormuz 15 Leagues farther is Orfucam where he found little to do the Inhabitants having deserted it he sent after them his Nephew Don Antonio with 100 men who having received almost equal damage to what he did the Moors being numerous and fighting for their Wives and Children returned with 22 Prisoners The Town was plundered for the space of three days during which time he prepared to enter into the Harbour of Ormuz which was the Principal End of this Voyage and to which these exploits were but a prelude being small in his esteem though to others they might appear considerable 2. The City Ormuz is seated in a little Island called Gerum at the Mouth of the Persian Gulf about 3 Leagues in compass so barren that it produces nothing but Salt and Sulphur The Buildings of the City are sumptuous it is the great Market of all Goods brought thither from the East West and North which is the reason that though it have nothing of its own it abounds in all things and is plentifully supplied from the Province Mâ—…gostam and the Islands Quixome Lareque and others About the Year 1273 King Malec Caez possessed all the Land from the Island Gerum to that of Baharem and bordered upon the King of Gordunxa of the Province of Mogastam this King subtilly obtaining of Malec the Island of Gerum as a place of no worth after he was fortified therein drove him out of all his Country And translating the City Ormuz where the King kept his Court before to this Island he grew so formidable that the King of Persia fearing he would refuse to pay the Tribute the other had done prepared to invade him But he of Gordunxa prevented him by imposing on himself a yearly Tribute and offering to do him Homage by his Embassadors every five years In this Tyrant began the City and Kingdom of Ormuz afterwards possessed by his Heirs and others for the most part violently When Albuquerque arrived there Ceyfadim a Youth of 12 years of age reigned and over him his Slave Coje Atar a man subtil and couragious Who hearing what had been done by Albuquerque made preparations laying an embargo upon all the Ships in the Harbour and hiring Troops from the Neighbouring Provinces Persians Arabians and others so that when Albuquerque came there were in the Town 30000 Fighting-men among them 4000 Persians most expert Archers and in the Harbour 400 Vessels 60 of considerable bulk with 2500 men 3. Albuquerque was not ignorant of the reception designed him but to shew those People the greatness of his Resolution he entred that Port about the end of September and came to an Anchor between five of their greatest Ships For the more terror he fired his Cannon and the Shoar was soon covered with above 8000 men Seeing no Message came from the King he sent aboard the biggest of those Ships which was of Cambaya and seemed to ride Admiral the Captain whereof presently camâ—… to and was received by him with Civility and State He told him he had Orders from his King to take him of Ormuz into his Protection and grant him leave to Trade in those Seas provided he paid a reasonable Tribute but if he refused his Orders were to make War It was doubtless no small Presumption to offer a King the liberty of his own Seas and impose Conditions upon him with that handful of 460 men against 33000 and seven Ships to 400 but the success justified these proceedings and verified those Actions which to some have appeared fabulous The Moor delivered this Message to the King and his Governour Coje Atar and presently returned one Coje Beyrame excusing their not having sent to know what we demanded in that Port and promising the Governour would come next day to treat He came not but the Messages continued only in order to gain time to sortifie the City and receive further Supplies Albuquerque saw into the drift and told Beyrame he need only return with the acceptation of Peace as offered or the declaration of War He brought answer that City used not to pay but receive Tribute Night coming on it appeared they prepared to fight by the noise of Warlike Instruments and Shouts that was heard from the Walls and Ships The Morning discovered the Walls Shoar and Vessels covered with Armed Men the Windows and tops of the Houses filled with both Sexes and all Ages as Spectators of what should ensue Albuquerque having held a Council and given necessary Orders began to play his Cannon furiously and was answered by the Enemy They taking the advantage of the Smoak which hindred the sight attacked our Ships with 130 Boats well manned which did some damage with Showers of Arrows but received more many being sunk and the rest forced to retire by our Artillery Yet they made a second onset but were so received that the Sea was coloured with Blood By this time Albuquerque had sunk two of the great Ships and taken a third though with great opposition forcing the Moors to leap into thâ—… Sea The mean time the other Captains had mastered other Ships and perceiving themselves victorious ran along the Shoar and set fire to above 30 Ships which cutting their Cables were drove flaming upon the Persian Coast where they burnt others that lay aground This struck so great a terror into all that multitude that they fled to the shelter of the City and Coje Atar sent to offer all that Albuquerque had demanded He stopt further proceedings but perceiving the deceitfulness of the Moor threatned a greater effect of his Anger in case he persisted in his Wiles And comparing the damage found that with the loss of 10 men most of the Enemies Vessels with vast Riches were either sunk burnt or torn to pieces and 1700 of them killed The dead Bodies floating upon the Water many were seen with Ornaments of beaten Gold which our men fished for and
two Galleys succeeded which took two of the Enemy having put all their men to the Sword Mean while the Cannon was furiously plaid on both sides Don Lorenzo seemed to have the upper-hand when Melique Az Lord of Diu came with a great number of small Vessels well manned to the assistance of Mir Hozem Don Lorenço sent two Galleys and three Caravels to hinder the approach of that Relief They executed it so effectually they obliged him to fly to another place for shelter and the Fight continued till Night parted them each striving to conceal his loss from the other The Portugues Captains met in Council the Result that it was a rashness to persist in that enterprize Melique Az being so near with that powerful assistance that it was convenient to take the open Sea either in order to escape or to fight with less disadvantage Don Lorenço remembring the anger of his Father for not fighting the Fleet of Calicut in the River Dabul and fearing his retreat might be termed a fearful flight resolutely expected the Morning only making some motion to save the Ships of Cochin that were in great danger Melique Az imagining this motion was in order fly lanched out from his retreat not at all daunted to see many of his Vessels torn in pieces by our Cannon and Charges briskly then Don Lorenço's Ship running foul of some Stakes that were drove in the River made so much water there was no preventing her sinking though Don Lorenço laboured indefatigably till a Ball broke his Thigh and ordering himself to be set against the Main Mast where he stood encouraging his men till another Ball broke his Back The Body was thrown under Deck and followed down by Laurence Freyre Gato his Page who bewailed him with Tears of Blood as well as Water being shot through the Eye with an Arrow After a vigorous resistance the Moors entred the Ship and found the Page by his Masters Body who rising to defend it killed as many as covered it and then died upon them The Ship sunk at last Of above 100 men that were with Don Lorenço only 19 escaped in all the Ships were lost 140 of the Enemy 600. 9. The other Captains got to Cochin where the Viceroy was with the News of his Sons death which he received with a wonderful resolution The numbers of men slain and taken being yet doubtful he endeavoured by all means to get some intelligence and at that time received a Letter from Melique Az. This Man born in Slavery and descended of the Heretick Christians of Roxia rose by degrees to that height wherein he was then placed The Principal Action that advanced him was that a Kite flying over the King of Cambaya dunged upon his Head whereat in a Passion he said I would give all I am worth that Bird were killed Melique Az who was a most expert Archer no sooner heard this but he let fly an Arrow which brought down the Kite The King rewarded this Action so bountifully that Melique Az came to be made Lord of Diu a most Famous City which being seated on a triangular Peninsula joyned to the Continent by a very smal Istmus is commonly reputed an Island This man endeavoured politickly to secure himself at one time both with the King of Cambaya and the Portugueses whose Power he feared and hated for the damage they brought to the Trade of Din. And to this effect he assisted Mir Hozem sent the 19 Prisoners to the King of Cambaya and writ to the Viceroy condoling the death of his Son extolling his Bravery and offering to ransom the Prisoners Thus he endeavoured to appease the Wrath he knew he had provoked by assisting Mir Hozem which was the Cause of all our Loss CHAP. III. Conquests under King Emanuel the Year 1508 and 1509. A continuation of the Government of the Viceroy Don Francisco de Ameyda and Exploits of Alfonso de Albuquerque 1. THIS same year 1508 about the beginning of April sailed from Lisbon 17 Ships which being all separated by bad Weather at length met at Mozambique except one that was cast away on the Islands of Tristan de Cunna these Ships with those of the foregoing year came together to India and added Courage to our People to resist their Enemies The King ordered that Don Francisco de Almeyda should resign the Government to Alfonso de Albuquerque and return home in one of the Trading Ships But he suspended the execution of this Order because already engaged in taking revenge of Mir Hozem Albuquerque pressed him to obey the Order Don Francisco excused himself saying the Ships were gone and that he had in hand that enterprize upon the Rumes or Turks who had killed his Son The other answered there were more Ships ready to sail and he would undertake to drive the Turks out of India Almeyda replied that he had taken up the Sword and had never resigned it to another to revenge his Wrongs Albuquerque offended hereat went to Cochin and this was the beginning of some mens protracting the time of their Command and others pressing them to quit wherein these two Illustrious Men discovered much of Human Frailty 2. Precedent to this were the Actions of Albuquerque at Ormuz and Zocotora where he wintered and relieved the Portugues who were there oppressed by Famine To this effect he went himself with his Ship to Cape Guardafu and sent Francis de Tavorâ—… towards Melinde and two Vessels to Cape Fum to make prize of some Ships for their Provisions they all found what they sought and so put a stop to the growing Evil. He then resolved for Ormuz though too weak to effect what he intended yet at least to sound the designs of that King and his Friend Coje Atar By the way he resolved to be revenged on Calayate for injuries done to some Portugueses This Town is seated beyond Cape Siagro called also Cape Rosalgate at the Mouth of the Persian Gulf. On the Back of it is a Mountain which has only some Passes that open a Communication to the Neighbouring Country One of these Passes is just opposite to the Town through which is managed most of the Trade of that Province of the Arabs call Ayaman because as they say first inhabited by Name which signifies Plenty or Abundance a Son of Lot and this Land is full of Populous Cities Fruitful and of great Trade Albuquerque no sooner arrived but he landed and entred the Town some of the Inhabitants flying to the Mountains and others being slain in the Streets Albuquerque staid there three Nights upon one of which 1000 Moors entred the Town by surprize and did much hurt but our men gathering killed many put the rest to flight and burnt all the place They got great quantity of Provisions which was most of the Booty and arrived at Ormuz the 13th of September Alfonso de Albuquerque presently advertised the King and Coje Atar of his arrival and they answered that as for the Tribute of 15000
dispatched Don Antonio de Noronha with Provisions and some of the Booty of the Ships to relieve his Brother Don Alfonso at Zocotora Then the Viceroy sailed and arriving at Chaul that King terrified with the late Victory became tributary Passing by Cananor he was there received with Honour and at Cochin in Triumphant Manner but before he had laid aside his Festâ—…al Ornaments he was accosted by Alfonso de Albuquerque pressing to deliver up the Government according to the King's Orders The Answer was he should give him leasure to put off that Heavy Robe and there would be time afterwards Albuquerque pressed and the Viceroy delayed 8. Some Gentlemen persuaded the Viceroy not to resign the Government whilst Albuquerque made instance to have it delivered up Evil Spirits fomenting these Feuds The King of Cochin urged by these Divisions delayed the lading with Pepper two Ships that were to return home till Albuquerque were possessed of the Government In fine the Viceroy sent Albuquerque Prisoner to Cananor where he was courteously entertained by that Governour who then was Laurence de Brito to whom in few days the Viceroy writ that he should treat his Prisoner as one who soon must Govern India 9. King Emanuel being informed of the preparations made by the Soldan of Cayre at Suâ—…z resolved to send a powerful Relief to India This consisted of 15 Sail Commanded by Don Fernando Coutinno who had an extraordinary Power given him the King as was thought having some inkling of the disagreement was like to be between the Viceroy and Albuquerque Nothing of note hapned him till he arrived at Cananor whence he carried Alfonso de Albuquerque to Coâ—…bin treating him as Governour of India Though there passed some Acts of Civility between the Viceroy and Coutinno the rest was not suitable for a Ship he had prepared to pass to Portugal was denied him and he obliged to take another he had no mind to He sailed with two more on the 19th of November and had fair Weather till passed the Cape of Good Hope when he said now God be praised the Witches of Cochin are Liars who said we should not pass this Cape Near there he put into the Bay of Saldanna to take Water and some men going to exchange Goods with the Blacks a Servant of the Viceroy treated two of them so ill that they knocked out his Teeth and sent him away bloody Some Gentlemen looking upon this as an Affront persuaded the Viceroy to go ashoar when they ought to advise him to punish his Servant for abusing People where they sought Relief This had been Justice He yielded but so much against his Will that as he went into the Boat he said Ah! whether and to what end do they now carry the 60 years Hereby declaring that was an Action of Raw Heads There went with him 150 the Flower of the Ships They went on to a miserable Village and returned with some Cattle and Children when 170 Blacks coming down from the Mountain whither they had fled attacked them in defence of their Children casting Stakes with sharp Points hardned at the Fire so furiously that in a little time they killed 50 Gentlemen and among them the Viceroy who died kneeling on the Sand with his Eyes lifted up to Heaven struck through the Throat with one of these Stakes George de Melo returned with the wounded Men to the Ships and when he thought the Blacks were withdrawn went ashore and buried the Viceroy and the rest This was a manifest judgment of God that so few unarmed Barbarians should overcome those who had done such Noble Actions in India George de Melo carried the News to Lisbon where it was received with great Grief The Viceroy Don Francisco de Almeyda was seventh Son of Don Lope de Almeyda Count of Abrantes and of Donna Beatriz de Sylva his Wife He was married to Donna Ioanna Pereyra he was Knight of the Order of St. Iames He was of a Graceful Presence Ripe Councel and Obliging Carryage he was very Continent an Enemy of Avarice very Liberal and Grateful Don Francisco wore the Coat or upper Garment which then was instead of the Cloak used now Black the Doublet of Crimson Sattin the Sleeves whereof appeared the Breeches also Black which were Breeches and Stockins reaching from the Feet to the Waste over them Boots a Truncheon in the Right Hand the Left upon his Sword which hung almost before He was the first Viceroy and Governour of India CHAP. IV. Conquests under King Emanuel the Year 1510 Alfonso de Albuquerque now Governing India who held it from the Year 1509 till the Year 1515. 1. ALfonso de Albuquerque now possessed of the Government prepared to fall upon Calicut with Don Fernando Coutinno The Design was kept private but Zamori provided as did all the Princes of that Coast when the Portugues were in motion They set out from Cochin with 30 Vessels and 1800 men besides some Boats of Malabares who followed in hopes of Plunder They arrived at Calicut the 2d of Ianuary and weighing the difficulties of Landing consulted about the manner and Ordered that part of the Fleet which belonged to Albuquerque should be committed to the care of his Nephew Don Antonio de Noronha and the part of Coutinno to Rodrigo Rabelo Every one strove to be so posted as to land first Our Men were at Arms all Night and so tired in the Morning they had more mind to sleep than to land though the desire of landing had kept them from sleep but they soon recovered the signal being given and the Cannon Playing Coutinno had 800 men and some Field-pieces Albuquerque had the same number and besides them 600 Malabares They marched with more Confusion than Order each striving to be foremost the first that attacked the Bulwark of Cerame were George de Cunna and Francis de Sousa they found there 600 men who made a vigorous resistance till Albuquerque coming up they quitted it Albuquerque being fearful of the disorder of his men gave notice to Coutinno who running with all speed to his relief and our Colours being already set up judging it had rather been a contrivance of the Governour than disorder of the Men took the liberty to say unto him What means this Sir Was you ambitious the Rabble of Lisbon should report you were the first at taking Calicut which you so extol to the King But I shall go to Lisbon and tell the King I could have entred it with only this Cane in my Hand And since I find no body to fight with I will not be satisfied till I enter the Pallace of Zamori and dine in one of his Rooms This said without expecting the Answer Albuquerque was about to make he marched with his men towards that Pallace where Zamori then was not He was tired when he reached it being above 5 Leagues from the Shoar the Road encumbred with Palm-trees and having marched hard and met with opposition by the way he rested
an Elephant so carried to the King from whom he returned well pleased 4. All this was but a Bait to ensnare our People and therefore the King gave out he would do Lopez the Honour to dine with him in Publick He sent to invite him and the Invitation was accepted till he was informed by a Friend of Iao Utimutiraja that the Invitation was to murder him Then he gave credit to the advice sent him from a Persian Hostess by Duarte Fernandez after she had endeavoured to come aboard at Night and was not admitted by Sequeyra judging it some Love Intrigue but it proved one means to save those Ships Lopez excused himself by counterfitting an indisposition Another way was contrived to carry on the Treachery which was by offering lading of Spice saying it was requisite to send for it to three several places This took so well that 30 men were sent according to agreement whilst a Fleet of several Vessels was behind a Point of Land ready to assault our Ships at the same time the 30 were killed in the Town Mean while a Son of Utimutiraja came to visit Lopez and found him playing at Draughts He persuaded Lopez to continue his Game that he might the less observe him who offered a thousand times with a Dagger to kill him and only waited the sign from the Town when a Seaman who was Centinel upon one of the tops seeing a throng and hearing noise cried out Sir Sir Treachery Treachery they kill our men Lopez threw away the Draught-board with such fury that Utimutiraja's Son and those with him in a consternation leaped into their Boats All was done that could be expected upon a sudden and having sunk many of the Enemies Boats and forced the rest to retire and left 60 of our men in slavery and 8 killed they sailed and soon after took two Vessels bound for Malaca Lopez arrived at Cape Comori sent Teixeira and Sousa with their Ships to Cochin resolving though ill provided to return to Portugal alone being fearful of Albuquerque because he had sided with the Viceroy With great hazard he arrived at the Island Tercera 5. Albuquerque had now fixed every thing for his design upon Ormuz dispatched the Trading Ships and other affairs with great expedition About the end of Ianuary he sailed from Cochin with 1700 men in 21 Vessels of several sorts and sizes Albuquerque at the River Onor sent for the Pirat Timoja before spoken of who desirous of our Friendship and being Powerful came presently with much Provision He being skilful in the affairs of Asia Albuquerque communicated his design to him But he dissuaded shewing how much better it was to attempt Goa that was unprovided and would be more advantagious This pleased Albuquerque and hereupon calling his Captains to Council it was proposed to them by the said Timoja and the Design approved of and commended by all Timoja furnished 12 Ships giving out he would accompany the Portugueses to Ormuz to the end that Goa might be less provided Timoja had been dispossessed of his Fortune and ill treated by his Kindred and Neighbours The desire of revenge and recovering what he had lost caused his Love to our People that it may always appear that private Interests are the ruin of the Country On the 25th of February they came to an anchor in the Port of Goa CHAP. V. A continuation of the Conquest of the same Year 1510 Albuquerque Governing and King Emanuel Reigning 1. TIcuari is an Island on the Coast of Canara formed by two Mouths of the River Gacim its length from East to West 3 Leagues the breadth one There is in it Hill and Plain has good Water very Fruitful Pleasant Beautiful and Healthy On the Northern part of it is seated the City Goa which formerly was on the South This now in being was built by Melique Hozem a Moor 40 years before the arrival of the Portugueses The Old is not known when founded but some Authentick Writings have been found wherein is mentioned that Mantrasat King thereof above 100 years before confesses one only God the Incarnation of his Son and the Trinity and Unity whence appears they had knowledge of the true Faith to which may be added that when the City was taken there was found in a Wall a Copper Crucifix These might be the fruits of the Apostle St. Thomas's Preaching 2. About the year 1300 the Moors began to conquer India The first that attempted it with great Power was Xa Nosaradin King of Delhi with a Powerful Army he came down from the North conquering all the Gentiles as far as the Kingdom of Canara Thence he returned to Delhi leaving Habedxa to prosecute the Conquests who by his Valour and Conduct became so great that he coped with his Master which beginning his Nephew Madura prosecuting possessed himself of the Kingdom of Canara and casting off his Allegiance to the King he called the Kingdom Decan from the sundry Nations wherewith he Conquered it this Word signifying so much in that Language Too great an Empire always threatens ruin Mamudxa fearing this used great industry to secure himself which was effectual for some time but at length several Governours intrusted with Provinces of this Empire erected them into Sovereignties The greatest of these was he of Goa about the time of our coming into India called Sabayo deceased about the time of Albuquerque's design upon Goa and Cufo King of Hidalcan had possessed himself of the City and put it into the Hands of his Son Ismael The other Princes were Nizamaluco Mudremaluco Melic Verido Coje Moçadan Abexeiapado and Cotamaluco all great some very great Sabayo was born at Saba a City of Persia of very mean extraction but served the King of Decan so fortunately that he gave him the City Calberga Thence he extended his Conquests of the Pagans of Bisnagar and after over the Island of Goa lately possessed by the Moors come from Onor Melique Hozem being then Lord of it who defended it with 1200 men and was killed in the defence Goa had several dependencies and with these and others he gained Sabayo became the most Powerful of those Princes and consequently hated of them all He maintained himself against all whilst he lived sometimes by Policy sometimes by Force but his death produced great alteration 3. We left the great Albuquerque at anchor before the Bar of Goa let us see what he acted It was necessary to sail up the River on whose Bank the City is seated therefore he sent his Nephew Don Antonio de Noronha and Timoja to sound it A light Vessel leading the way spied a Brigantine of the Moors and giving it chase found they drew under a Fort well stored with Artillery and 400 men Commanded by Yaçu Gorgi a valiant Turk to secure the entrance of the River Don Antonio seeing the other in the chase pressed after him and though the attack of the Bulwark seemed difficult they attacked and after a stout resistance took it
over-ruled by Siqueira and went to Cochin By the way he obtained a Victory over the Malabares of Calicut who opposed our lading Pepper then he dispatched Siqueira with the Trading Ships homeward-bound and soon after Duarte de Lemos with four more and then turned his view again to the affair of Goa Iames Mendez who commanded the four Ships and was before inclinable to the design now excused himself Albuquâ—… finding this commanded him and his Captains upon the severest penalties not to stir without his Orders It troubled them because they feared losing the opportunity of going to Malaca whither the King sent them but they obeyed Albuquerque set out from Cananor with 23 Sail and therein 1500 Fighting-men He passed by Onor to joyn Timoja whom he found busied in his Wedding being to marry the Daughter of a Queen and he desiring to be honoured with the Presence of Albuquerque obliged him to land which proved very dangerous for a Storm rising kept them ashoar three days and when he returned to his Ships a Boat with 30 men was lost Timoja sent with him three Ships and promised to join him at Goa with 6000 men 9. On the 22th of November Albuquerque anchored the second time before the Bar Calling to mind the dangers he had there escaped and the discontent that was among some of his Officers he thought fit to sooth the Principals with an obliging Harangue and therewith won all their Inclinations At break of day on the Feast of St. Catharine the City was assaulted with great slaughter of the Enemy that maintained the Shoar but though it seem strange not one Portugues killed The Enemy fled to recover one of the Gates of the City and our men to enter with them Here the Fight was renewed till many Portugueses forced their way in doing great execution in the Streets They cleared all to the Pallace with great danger and loss of five Men of Note and there was a most furious Contest begun with equal Valour on both sides Now Albuquerque having done what became him came up and Fortune appearing wholly on our side the Moors fled and abandoned the City endeavouring to get over to the Continent but through hast and confusion perished in the River After the Victory it was found that of 9000 Fighting-men who defended the Town 6000 had perished and 50 Portugueses Medeorao who commanded the three Ships sent by Timoja behaved himself well Timoja with 3000 men came too late he was only Witness to the Slaughter The booty of Horses Artillery Arms Provisions and Ships was excessive and such as was necessary for the great designs Albuquerque had conceived 10. Our Dead were honourably buried those of the Enemy in the Bellies of the Crocodiles of that River into which they were cast Not one Moor was left alive in the Island The Gentiles who were Country-men were restored to their Farms and the Government of them given to Timoja and after to Melrao a Nephew of the King of Onor Whilst Albuquerque setled these Affairs he received many Embassadors with Congratulations of his success from several Princes of Malabar Many of Hidalean's Officers then and afterwards made inroads as far as Goa but always returned with loss Iames Mendez and his two other Captains desirous to go to Malaca stole away out of the Port by Night contrary to Albuquerque's Orders He sent after them and being brought back Prisoners he Ordered they should be sent to answer it in Portugal and two Pilots condemned to be hanged at the Yard-arms Some were suspicious that Albuquerque detained Iames Mendez lest he should take Malaca which Action he designed for himself others said he kept him from the danger Siqueira met with there that Enterprize requiring a greater Power 11. Albuquerque providing for the safety of Goa laid the Foundation of a Fort which he called Emanuel being the King's Name He caused the Names of the Captains who were at the taking of it to be carved upon a Stone but because every one would be named before the others he turned down the Stone hiding the Names and on what was visible put this Inscription Lapidem quem reprobraverunt aedificantes and thus they were all pleased for the Portugueses had rather their own Praise should be forgot than that another should partake He coined Mony that of Gold he called Emanuels that of Silver Esperas and half Esperas that of Copper He married some Portugueses to Women of the Country giâ—…ing them in Portion Lands Houses or Emâ—…loyments the better to secure his Colony One Night that some of these Weddings â—…ere Celebrated the Brides were so mixt â—…nd confounded together among the People â—…at some of the Bridegrooms went to Bed to those that belonged to others and next Morning finding the mistake they changed them each taking his own and all equal as to the point of Honour This gave the more occasion to some Gentlemen to ridicule the care of Albuquerque But he persisted with such Constancy that he brought to pass what he intended which was to make Goa the Portugues Bulwark in India King Emanuel was very desirous of and recommended to Albuquerque with much instance the taking the City Aden and raising a Fort there He now possessed of Goa thought time loâ—… while he attempted not something he therefore counterfeits the carrying on this Enterprize and sent some Ships towards the Red Sea when at the same time his design was upon Malaca He went to Cochin having first secured and ordered all things at Goa Where was left for the defence of it Rodrigo de Castello Branco with 400 Portugueses and 5000 Gentiles under Melrao to secure the Country and Revenue He set out of Cochin for Malaca on the 2d of May with 19 Sail and 1400 Fighting-men 800 of them Portugueses the rest Malabares CHAP. VI. A Continuation of the Conquests under King Emanuel the Year 1511 and the Government of Alfonso de Albuquerque 1. THE City Malaca whither Albuquerque now directed his Course is seated on that part of Land being a Peninsula commonly called by the name of Aurea Chersonesus and upon that Channel which parts the Island Sumatra from the Continent of Asia about the middle of that Channel in something more than two Degrees of North Latitude stretched along the Shoar about a League in the same manner as Lisbon It is divided by a River and the two parts joyned by a Bridge The Buildings of Wood except the Mosque and Pallace which were of Stone It afforded a pleasant Prospect to the Sea and was well secured with Fortifications The Port was filled with abundance of Ships as being the great Market of all those Parts It was first built by the Celates a People for the most part imployed in Fishing who joyned themselves to the Malayes that before inhabited the Mountains They were assisted by Parisamora submitting to him This Man had been great in the Island of Iava and expelled by a Tyrant who usurped his Lordship fled to Cincapura
Portugueses and 200 Malabares 6. In nine days time all the Moors were killed or driven out of that great Place It was Peopled again by Strangers and some Malayes to whom leave was granted Among them came that Powerful Native of Iava Utimutiraja whose Son had like to kill Siqueira The Souldiers had three days liberty to plunder There were found 3000 Pieces of great Cannon of 8000 that King Mahomet relied upon being with the rest retired to Bintam where with Prince Alodim he fortified himself This would be of dangerous consequence therefore Albuquerque sent out 400 of his men and with them went 400 of Utimutiraja and 300 belonging to the Merchants of Pegu these put the Prince to flight took seven Elephants with costly Trappings and retired The King now wandred the Woods blaming the obstinacy of his Son and the King of Pam so the Father and Son fell out and parted each shifting for himself Albuquerque instantly built the Fort which he called Famosa for its beauty and Church dedicated to the Visitation of our Lady He Coined Mony as had been done at Goa of several Names and different Value which was proclaimed about the Streets and some scattered among the People By these and other honourable Actions he gained the Hearts of the Strangers and secured this most Important Place 7. Albuquerque though he saw into the Soul of Utimutiraja knowing it sometimes convenient to trust an Enemy gave him the Command of the Moors who remained in the City But he kept private Correspondence with Prince Alodim on pretence to restore him but in reality to the intent to set himself up This was not so private but it was discovered and he his Son and Son-in-law were apprehended and publickly after Conviction executed on the same Scaffold they had erected for Siqueira This was the first piece of Publick Justice executed by the Portugueses in India One Fire is followed by another Pate Quitir a Native of Iava to whom Alfonso gave that Government took a sum of Mony of the Wife of Utimutiraja whom he had succeeded and a promise to give him her Daughter upon condition he would revenge the death of her Husband on the Portugueses to whom she had offered 100000 Ducats for his Life Pate accepted the Offer with the same intention of seizing the City The King of Campar also having this design sent to Congratulate with Albuquerque offering his Service and asking the Command of Pate Quitir But this had no effect now in its time it shall be related Albuquerque received here several Embassies particularly from the King of Siam who rejoyced to see his Quarrel revenged though by another hand He also sent Embassadors to Siam to Pegu and two to discover the Islands of Maluco and Banda They had all Orders to publish every where what had hapned at Malaca and offer the Trade of that Place on better terms than it was before All things being ordered the best the time would permit he resolved to return to Cochin leaving Ruy de Brito Patalim to Command in the Fort with above 300 men The like number to guard the Sea in ten Ships under Fernando Perez de Andrade Albuquerque carried with himself four Sail. 8. Whilst this passed at Malaca there broke out a Rebellion of many of the Natives at Goa and Pulate Cam an Officer of Hidalcam appeared before it with a good Body of Men he passed over into the Island and besieged the City One of the Principal Exploits was a Sally made by our Commander Rodrigo Rebelo in which was done much execution But soon after he was killed and with him Manuel de Cunna so that things were in a bad posture To remedy this by Publick Consent Iames Mendez de Vasconcellos was chose Commander 9. Pulate Cam gave some jealousie that he designed to usurp this Territory to prevent which Hidalcam sent his Brother-in-law Rotzmo Cam who overcame him with the assistance of Iames Mendez whom he drew to his Aid and after would drive out of the City finding himself with a power of 7000 men there being then not above 1200 in the Town whereof the third part only were Portugueses He laid siege and Hunger began to press within and some of our men deserted whereof part repenting returned which gave the first hopes to the Besieged 10. Next came Emanuel de la Cerda left to cruize upon that Sea and had wintered at Cochin then Iames Fernandez de Beja who had been demolishing the Fort at Zocotora and receiving the Tribute at Ormuz The abundance of Provisions and Recruits of Men they brought gave new life to the almost dismayed besieged After these arrived Iohn Serram who came from Portugal the year before with Payo de Sa in order to settle some Trade in the Island Madagascar where they made several attempts to no effect Christopher de Brito who was at Cananor with one great and four smaller Ships hearing of the condition of Goa went thither carrying many Men and much Provision and secured the Town which had suffered much that Winter CHAP. VII Conquests in India under King Emanuel from the Year 1511 till the Year 1513 Alfonso de Albuquerque still Governing 1. ALbuquerque sailing from Malaca to Cochin off Cape Timia of the Kingdom Aru in the Island Sumatra his Ship set upon a Rock which so split it athwart the Keel that those in the Poop could not come at them in the Forecastle and the contrary neither could the other Vessels by reason of the darkness of the Night come to relieve them Till day appearing Albuquerque was seen holding in his Arms a Girl Chance had conducted to him in the Confusion Peter de Alpoem coming up though with much danger saved him The loss he most lamented was that Bone which hindred the wounded Moor from bleeding and some Iron Lions of curious Work which he had designed for Supporters to his Tomb. Some men were lost Albuquerque went into Alpoem's Ship and prosecuting his Voyage took two Ships of Moors which though Rich made not amends for his great loss Immediately upon his arrival at Cochin being informed of the distress of Goa he dispatched thither eight Vessels with Men and Provisions and a Promise of his speedy coming in Person There were then in the Town 1000 men and the Besiegers were 20000 strong 2. Six Ships arrived in India from Portugal Commanded by Don Garcia de Noronha who had a tedious Voyage having spent a whole year without touching in any Port And though the men were tired and sick yet they relieved some places The mean while sailed from Portugal to India a Fleet of 13 Ships whereof one perished at the Islands of Angoxa 3. This Fleet containing 1800 men anchored at the Bar of Goa on the 15th of August They presently visited the Enemy in their Fort of Benastarim and then Don Garcia and George de Melo with their Squadrons passed on carrying with them Iohn Machado and others newly delivered from the slavery of
Neck and the Head is that Sea which lies out between Cape Guardafu and Cape Fartaque and the Point of the Tail reaches to the Town of Suez it lies N. N. W. and S. S. E. The length of it 350 Leagues the breadth where widest 40. The Channel is in the middle and has Water enough to carry the greatest Ships but the sides arâ—… shoal full of little Islands and Banks of Sand. No River of any note falls into it By the Moors it is called Bahar Corzu that is closed in by others the Sea of Meca by us the Red Sea from the Colour it takes of the Bottom as was experienced by the Viceroy Don Iohn de Castro who caused to be taken up in some places a matter Red like Corral in others Green and in others White and in each the Water seemed of that Colour but the most is Red and the Water taken up is as clear as any other There are some fisheries of small Pearl in many parts of this Sea it abounds not in Fish The Mouth lies between 12 and 13 degrees of North Latitude and is as it were locked up by seven small Islands the greatest called Mehun and Perantonomasiam Island From the Mouth of the streight till Suez along the Coast of Arabia for the first 44 Leagues are some Ports of small note till we come to the Island Camaran subject to King of Aden Thence to Gezan a great Town 60 Leagues where are seven considerable Ports From Gezan to Imbo 130 Leagues all the Dominion of Meca wherein are good Towns and Ports among which Ziden a famous Town then Ioda much known and Meca 15 Leagues up the Country 60 Leagues from Imbo is Toro where it is said the Children of Israel crossed the Red Sea which is here 3 Leagues over hence to Suez 40 Leagues and there ends the Coast of Arabia Let us now return from Suez to the streight where we began running along the opposite Coast of Egypt and Ethiopia 20 Leagues from Suez is Grand Cayr the vast Metropolis of Egypt but it lies upon the Nile not the Red Sea 45 Leagues from it to Alcozer thence 135 in which space are many Ports to the City Zuanquem 70 Leagues farther Mazua in a small Island as is the other and opposite to it Arquico hence 85 Leagues to the Mouth of the Sea Behind a ridge of Mountains that runs along this Coast lies the Empire of Prester Iohn which has always preserved Christianity after their manner and has of late been much supported therein by the Portugues Arms. 2. Albuquerque sailing along this Sea arrived at the Island Camaran abandoned by its Inhabitants for fear of his coming Here he took four Ships richly laden one belonging the Soldan of Cayr two more he had taken by the way From this Island he visited others and now appeared in the Sky visibly to all a Red Crols very bright seeming to be about a Fadom athwart and of a proportionable length They all knelt and Albuquerque made a devout Prayer and the Vision was Celebrated with Joy and sound of Musick and Cannon till by degrees it was covered by a bright Cloud He returned to Camaran designing to winter there the Wind having failed him to sail to Ioda as he had designed 3. Here they suffered extreamly by Famine and after many died by sickness caused by the ill Food Albuquerque parted hence when the Weather would permit which was in Iuly resolving to appear again before Aden He touched at the Island Mehun at the Mouth of the Streight and called it Vera Cruz because he erected there a very high Cross on an Eminence He dispatched two Ships to discover the City Zeyla where they burnt two Vessels in the Harbour and joyned him again at Aden 4. Albuquerque found this City newly fortified The Cannon on both sides was plaid with almost equal damage Nothing considerable was performed but some Ships taken and burnt and then sailed for India 5. About the middle of August he anchored off of Diu the Lord of it Melique Az more out of Fear than affection sent him some Provisions and a courteous Message Albuquerque knowing him dealt cautiously and demanded leave to raise a Fort there he excused himself with the King of Cambaya at the same time advising him to deny it if asked However it was agreed a Factor and some others should be left there to settle Trade and at parting Melique treated Albuquerque with such civility and cunning that he after said he had not seen a more perfect Courtier or fitter to deceive and at the same time please an understanding man Afterwards leave was obtained of the King of Cambaya to raise a Fort at Diu upon condition he might build another at Malaca and other reasonable Proposals which were admitted 6. Now arrived in India two Ships from Portugal a third being cast away but the men saved and taken up by the others at Melinde the Captain of her was after lost in a Boat Albuquerque went to Goa and sent his Nephew Noronha to dispatch these two and three other Ships homewards These Ships carried an Embassador from Zamori to King Emanuel he being now in amity with us and having permitted a Fort to be erected where it was desired They carried also the offers of several Princes and many Captives taken in War as Testimonies of what he had acted There went also a Portugues Jew an Inhabitant of Ierusalem sent by the Guardian of the Franciscans there to acquaint Albuquerque that the Soldan of Cayr threatned the destruction of all the Holy Places CHAP. IX A Continuation of the Conquests the Year 1513 till the Year 1514 the same King Reigning in Portugal and the same Governour Ruling India 1. THat Powerful Native of Iava Pate Quitir who had been honoured and preferred at Malaca by Albuquerque and at the time of his departure was in Rebellion improved his absence to carry on his Treason One Night he killed a Captain of ours and took some Cannon and fortified himself therewith and with what he had before and 6000 Men and two Elephants Ferdinando Perez and Alfonso Pessoa with 320 Men attacked him one by Land the other by Water after a vigorous defence many of his men being slain he fled to the Woods In his Fort was found much Artillery Ammunition and other Riches and all that part where he lived was burnt to the ground 2. Pate Quitir having received succour from Iava and King Mahomet who lost Malaca begins to raise another Fort in a convenienâ—… place appearing Powerful by Sea and Land in hopes to usurp the Dominion of the City Ferdinando Perez went again to oppose him but though he fought with the same resolution had not the same success as before being forced to retire with loss of three Captains and four private men Lacsamana a Commander of King Mahomet now enters the River with many Men and much Cannon in several Vessels Ferdinando Perez goes to meet him with three
him Ferdinando Gomez with a Present of double the value of that he had received He was to give an account of what had been done at Ormuz He was well received and brought a favourable Answer 6. It requires a larger History to give an account of the Affairs and Kings of Persia. Let it suffice to say that the Valiant Prince Reigning at this time was embroiled in War with the Turk which was one cause of sending this Embassie hoping to make an advantage of our Arms against his Enemy 7. Whilst the Fort was building or rather finishing Albuquerque persuaded the King it was for the safety of the City to put all their Cannon into the Fort pretending thereby to secure them against their Enemies but in reality to disable them from offending him Security is a Powerful Argument where there is Fear The King and his Governours though with some reluctancy consented to all was demanded The Command of the Fort was given to Peter de Albuquerque So was that Rich and Powerful Kingdom brought under the Portugues subjection rather to the advantage than detriment of its Natural Kings more oppressed before by the tyranny of their Ministers than by the Tribute they afterwards paid Besides the security it enjoyed being protected by our Arms but that Liberty is sweeter than all other Conveniencies 8. These Affairs settled Albuquerque applied himself to dispatch the Trading Ships homeward-bound He sent to this purpose his Nephew Don Garcia de Noronha with most of the Fleet to Cochin staying behind himself to conclude such affairs as required his Presence Soon after he fell sick and the Disease increasing was persuaded for the recovery of his health to go to India which he consented to to the great grief of the King who looked upon him as a Father By the way he met the News that there were arrived in India 12 Ships from Portugal who brought Orders for him to return home Lope Soarez who Commanded them being appointed his Successor hearing this he cried out Lope Soarez Governour of India this is he it could be no other Dâ—… Iames Mendez and Iames Pereyra whom I sent Prisoners for hainous Crimes return the one Governour of Cochin the other Secretary It is time for me to take Sanctuary in the Church for I have incurred the Kings displeasure for his Subjects sakes and the Subjects anger for the King's sake Old Man fly to the Church it concerns your Honour you should die and you never omitted any thing that concerned your Honour Then lifting his Eyes and Hands to Heaven gave God thanks a Governour came so opportunely not doubting he should die He was seized with a profound Melancholy and arrived at Dabul almost in the Arms of Death and there writ these last Lines to the King This is Sir the last Letter which I write to your Highness now under the Pangs of Death of many that I writ full of Life because mine was then free from the Confusion of the last Hour and employed in your Service I left in that Kingdom a Son called Blas de Albuquerque I beg your Highness will make him as great as my Service deserves As to the Affairs of India it will answer for it self and me Upon the Bar of Goa which he called his Land of Promise he gave up the Ghost on the 16th of December in the 63d year of his Age in his Perfect Senses and like a Good Christian. He was buried in a Chappel built by himself at the City Gate and called Sennora de la Sierra or Our Lady of the Mountain He was Second Son to Gonçalo de Albuquerque Lord of Villaverde and of Donna Leonor de Meneses Daughter of Alvaro Gonzales de Atayde first Count of Atouguia He had been Master of the Horse to King Iohn the Second Of a moderate Stature his Countenance pleasing and venerable by the Beard which reached below his Girdle to which he wore it knotted that and his Complexion very White his Picture shews his Breeches Doubleâ—… Cloak Cap and Coif all Black with Gold Trimming the Wastcoat striped with Green Velvet with small Spots like Studs It was doubted whether he was a better Man or Officer When Angry his Looks somewhat Terrible when Merry Pleasant and Witty He was twice before Ormuz twice before Goa and twice before Malaca three Famous Islands and Kingdoms in Asia whereof he gloriously Triumphed 9. After a long resistance made by the People of Goa his Bones were brought to Lisbon and buried in the Church of Our Lady of Grace He was the first had the Title of Governour of India as Don Francisco de Almeyda the first of Viceroy End of the Second Part of the First Tome THE PORTUGUES ASIA TOM II. PART III. CHAP. I. The Government of the Viceroy D. Anton. de Noronna from the Year 1564 till 1568 in the Reign of King Sebastian 1. WE concluded the Second Part with the Arrival at Goa of the Viceroy D'Anton de Noronna His good Service in India preferred him to the command of Ormur and his wise Conduct there to the Government of India 2. With him went four Ships and he was received with a general Satisfaction He immediately sent Relief to Cananor which was Besieged giving the Command of the Land to D. Antony de Noronna and that of the Sâ—…a to Gonçalo Pereyra Marramaque with a good Fleet. D. Francis Mascarenas who was there with a Squadron before deliver'd it to him and went away to his Command of Moçambique This was occasion'd by that Morish Woman spoke of in the end of Iohn de Mendoça his Government 3. Peter de Silva and Meneses had the command of seven Ships given him to secure the Boats that brought Provisions to Goa whereof their was a scarcity About the River Cannaroto he lost sight of three of his Ships by stress of Weather and after found them encreased to six for the three had met and taken as many of the Malabars and were sailing after their Admiral Returning to the Place where they were dispersed between the Islands and the Continent they met the More Murimuja with seventeen Paraos well provided to meet all dangers He instantly made to our Ships and after the discharge of Cannon on both sides they boarded and having received some damage the Portugueses sunk two and took five one of them being Murimujas who was kill'd the others flying were pursued to the River Pudepatan where three Paraos and above fifty Almadies or great Boats came to their Relief Ouâ—… Cannon repulsed them and they run up the River Of the Enemy five hundred were killed and three Portuguses 4. The Viceroy being in care for Cananor sent thither D. Paul de Lima Pereyra with four Ships Being at Anchor in the Bay of Bateâ—…ala the Malabar Pyrat Canatali came upon him with seven Paraos loaded with Booty taken on the Northern Coast. Paul seeing him come sets out to meet him After the usual Salutes with their Cannon Canatale with three
of his Ships lays D. Paul's Galliot on Board the others did the like to the other three whereof two shamefully fled the third stood by it till he was sunk Now all the Enemies force fell upon D. Paul who with fifty Men he had did things behond belief killing above two hundred Mores but with the loss of thirty Portugueses D. Paul was so wounded he was forc'd to sit down and gave order to make to the Enemy who was drawn off Canatale who was preparing to fall on again seeing the Galliot beyond Expectation make at him stood away D. Paul return'd to God being in no condition to reach Cananor 5. There our Men were much streightned by the number of the Enemies who were Masters of the Field Andrew de Sousa made a good resistance till he dying and D. Antony de Noronna succeeding him with the relief he carried in several reâ—…counters they kill'd above Two thousand Mores and cut down Forty thousand Palm-trees This is the greatest harm can be done that People because those Trees are their princiâ—…l Sustenance The City enrag'd hereat â—…ll'd together all the Neighbourhood to the number of Ninety Thousand to take Revenge They had the boldness to assault and scale thâ—… Forâ—… with such confidence of carrying it that they had before-hand divided the Booty Nicâ—…aripo a Nayre did us great Service advising D. Payo de Noronna then commanding there to put the Men and Riches of the Town as not tenable into the Fort. All was drawn in except D. Antony de Noronnâ—… and his Men who said he would live and die by those Walls and staid accordingly The Men all prepared themselves for Death and stood at their Arms all the last night 6. By break of day the Enemy attack'd the Works with great crys and above Two thousand of them entred the City In one place Emanuel Travaâ—…s with Thirty Men did great Execution upon them D. Antony appear'd in all Parts Thomas de Sousa Gasper de Brito and the two Betancores made great slaughter at their Posts The Field was so cover'd that never a Bullet was lost The Enemy began to give back when two Cazices brought them on again The assault lasted till Sun-setting then the Enemy retired to their Camp with a resolution to protract the Siege About Five thousand of them were kill'd 7. At this time came Gonâ—…la Pereyra with his Fleet and was a great encouragement to them all and after him Alvaro Paez de 〈◊〉 to succeed D. Payo They both prosecuted the War and utterly destroyed the City of Aderrajao who commanded at the Siege and cut down a great Wood of Palm-trees with considerable slaughter to the Enemy and without losing one Man This was the end of that Siege CHAP. II. Continues the Government of D. Anton. de Noronna 1. THE Tyrant Raju disturb'd the Peace of Ceylen resolving to make himself Master of the whole Island He gather'd a numerous Army and the better to surprize the Portugueses in Columbo gave out his design was upon Cota He encamped between the two Forts and alarming Cota imagin'd they were unprovided at Columbo and suddenly attacques it by Night so that above Two thousand Men mounted the Walls but were as soon thrown down by the Commander Iames de Ataide and his Men. The Assault was renew'd but at length the Enemy having lost Five hundred Men retired Raju resolv'd to carry both places by Famine since he could not by force At Cota he attempted to drain the Ditch by turning away the River and had compassed it had not Peter de Ataide with some Musqueteers oblig'd his Workmen to give over killing Three hundred of them It is said a Cloud miraculously hung between our Men and the Enemy which conceal'd the former from the latter but not them from us so that they fired at a Mark without being seen 2. But now Provisions began to fail in Cota and they fed on things loathsom Ataide thinking to take some of the Enemies Elephants that were in a Wood hard by sallied out with Eighty Men but being over-power'd with a multitude was forc'd to retire having lost two Raju knowing how famine raged had corrupted not only the Natives but some Portugueses Luis Carvallo rather through Dispair than good Will discover'd the Treason and Ataide without taking notice he knew it gain'd the Hearts of the Conspirators by favouring and cherishing them The little Silver he had he coin'd and distributed among them 3. George de Melo commanding in the Island Manâ—…r easily perswaded the King of Candea as being an Enemy to Raju to invade his Country now he was absent thinking by that means to draw him from the Siege He sent Five thousand Men and with them Thirty â—…gueses commanded by Belchior de Sousa they destroyed all as they went and â—…tterly faâ—…ed the great City Chilao yet Raju 〈◊〉 stir'd On the contrary he prepar'd 〈◊〉 Assault Cota by Night A Chingala Woman appear'd at the foot of the Bastion Preaâ—… desiring to be carried to our Captain 〈◊〉 discover'd to him Raju's design and 〈◊〉 the saving of the City Some believed 〈◊〉 Woman was an Angel the truth is she was Mistress to one of our Souldiers and â—…ing her Lover's danger made this discoâ—… There is nothing so â—…d but at someâ—… does good 4. Peâ—… de Ataide sent Antony de Silvâ—… to 〈◊〉 to order Iames as soon as he hearâ—… Câ—…on 〈◊〉 at Night to sally with his Men and fall upon the back of Raju's Army that would be then busie in the Assault George de Melo was already come thither from Manar with One hundred Men seeing the Project of Candea take no effect In the dead of Night the Enemy attacks the City on all hands and finds those of Cota ready to receive him Yet killing some of the Defendants they enter the Works in one place thither the King and Peter hast and with incredible bravery drive them out again Stephen Gouzales Captain of the Innamos with Seven Men did the like upon the like occasion 5. At this time came from Columbo the other Ataide and Melo who by reason of the darkness of the Night could do no more but fire the Enemy's Camp and return to their Fort lest if he succeeded here he should immediately attack it Raju in Person with the Flower of his Army attacks the Bastion of Preacota where he found Fifty Soldiers that seem'd to him to be Fifty thousand by the harm they did him These Men afterwards declared That they saw in the Air a beautiful Woman who with her Vail cover'd them and received therein the Enemies Bullets and Arrows whereof many returned upon and kill'd them By her side was a venerable old Man with a General 's Staff in his hand This was supposed to be the Blessed Virgin and St. Ioseph Raju in the Morning seeing this great disappointment fled to Ceytavaca leaveing above Two thousand Men dead 6. Peter de Ataide fearing he might return and being quite destitute of
the Borders of Bengala to those of Cinde The Kings of Decan Nizamaluco Idalca and Cutubixa jealous of that Grandure entred into a League to suppress it They took the Field with Fifty thousand Horse and Three hundred thousand Foot The King of Bisnagar met them with double that Power and his Age was double being Ninety six Years old He had the better at first but Fortune turning to the other side he lost his Head and they remained Victorious They spent five Months in plundering Bisnagar and yet they were not the â—…rst for the Natives in three days time had carried away One thousand five hundred and fifty Elephants loaded with Money and Jewels worth above One hundred Millions of Gold and the Royal Chair for great Days that could not be valued Notwithstanding all this Idalxa found a Diamond as big as an ordinary Egg on which the late King's Horse's Feather used to be fixed and another tho' not so large yet of an extraordinary size besides other Jewels of incredible value That Crown was divided between the Sons and Nephews of the deceased CHAP. III. Continues the Government of D. Anton de Noronna in the Reign of King Sebastian 1. THE beginning of this Year Gonzalo Pereyra Marramaque sailed for Amboino with One thousand Men in Twelve Ships Embassadors from that Island having represented in how great danger those were who had newly receiv'd the Faith D. Emanuel de Noronna sailed for Banda and was stabbed by the way by the Purser of his Gally whom he had affronted with a Cane Great Men may command but not abuse the lesser for the small have Honour as well as the great No Man though never so little owes any submission in Point of Honour to the greatest and in point of Condition he owes no more than he pleases to impose upon himself Alvaro Paez de Sotomayor the War of Cananor being ended sails for the Coast of Malabaâ—… with twenty Sail Iames Lopez de Mesquita with three for the Molucos D. George de Meneses Barroche for the Red Sea with four Galleons one Gally and four small Vessels Lisuarte de Aragon for Ceylon with one Ship D. Leonis Pereyra for Malaca with six George de Moura for the North with the same number D. Francis Mascarennas for Olala to suppress that Queen who was about to refuse her Tribute for this use Twenty-seven Ships were allotted and Iohn Peixotâ—… went before with eight of them 2. The Viceroy was fitting a good Fleet in order to follow those that were gone before to Olala designing to build a Fort at Mangalor to curb Bucadevi Chantar the Queen The Fleet consisted of seven Gallies two Galleons and five small Vessels and carried about 3000 fighting Men. 3. The Viceroy anchor'd in the Bay of that City called Mangalor and Olala seated on the Banks of a River that washes both sides of it not far distant from the Sea whence was to be seen a Wall wherewith the Queen had fortified her self within which and the other Works were Thirteen thousand Men with sufficient Cannon The Viceroy divided his Men into six Battalions and landed on the 4th of Ianuary At night the Portugueses sitting to supper and to play with many lights and the same security as if they had been at Goa the Enemy laying hold of the Opportunity sallied in a body of Five hundred followed by Fifteen hundred fell upon and put them into such a disorder they scarce had time to take their Arms. D. Francis Mascarennas who had the advanced Post fared worst and though he fought well lost several Men most perhaps killed by our own Fire for through the darkness and confusion no body knew what they aimed at D. Luia de Almeyda relieved him with his Men who all slipped away to nine that behaved themselves with incredible Valour 4. On the Eve of the Epiphany they gave the Assault and being as desirous of Revenge as entring the City soon forc'd their way and fired the Town at the same time cutting down the Palm-trees The Queen fled to a Mountain Of the Enemy Five hundred were slain about Forty of the Portugueses The Viceroy immediately laid the Foundations of the Fort giving it the name of St. Sebastian because the first stone was laid upon his day and that day chose in Honour of our King then Reigning By the middle of March the Work was finished with a Church and other Conveniencies He gave the command of it to his Brother-in-Law Antony Pereyra with 300 Men and Ammunition for six Months and returned to Goa Afterwards in the time of D. Luis de Ataides Government the Queen sued for a Peace and purchased it by a new imposition of Tribute and a summ of ready Money 5. The King of Achem had now entred into a League with many Princes of the East and the Turk who desired to get footing in India not doubting with this united Power of carrying Malaca He Imbarqued with his Wife and Children as if he had gone to take Possession of rather than to Besiege that City On a sudden he appear'd before it with 450 Sail 200 Brass Cannons and 20000 Men. D. Leonis Pereyra was at that time on the Shore celebrating the Birth-day of King Sebastian with a certain Exercise used among Portugueses on Horseback and perceiving some of the Company were surprized at the sight of the Fleet he ordered the Sport to continue drawing down nearer to the Shore that the Enemy might not imagin they could disturb his Pastime 6. Afterwards he gave the necessary Orders and making a review found he had Fifteen hundred Men whereof only Two hundred were Portugueses The King of Achem began with Complements and shews of desiring accommodation but all tended only to discover what was the Condition of the Town D. Leonis who understood him was wary and carried it on with dissimulation At length the King perceiving no artifice succeeded and that he advanc'd but slowly resolved to put the whole Event upon onâ—… furious Assault After the Discharge of thâ—… Cannon above two hundred scaling Ladders were laid to the Wall with great Shouts on both sides D. Leonis had also distributed his Men in their several Posts The Priests had undertaken to defend one but no sooner did the Enemy attack than they fled to the Church 7. In the heat of the Action a Party of ours sallies out upon the Enemies Works making a great slaughter among the rest was killed the King of Aru. Our Men retired with one Cannon and loaded with Musquets Cimiters and Heads of all sorts of People that compos'd that Army having lost but one Portugues and six Malayes The Enemy encourag'd by the King who looked on mounted our Works and were as soon thrown down by the Defendants The King in a rage stamp'd and blasphem'd and seeing three days furious Assault had not gained a foot of Ground he utterly despair'd of Success therefore with great Secrecy Shipping off all his Army and Train except
the same Laws to the People of Atire and Tavire that the Curons or Cerams had done to them before That was they threatned them with War if they received the Portugueses into their Ports But those People answer'd That they were Christians and as such would admit to their Ports and Houses the Portugueses though it were with hazard of their Lives 6. They of Amboina were so irritated with this Answer that falling suddenly upon them they routed and put to the Sword most of the Inhabitants of those two Places bringing under their Subjection those Towns that had submitted to the Crown of Portugal such as refused were reduced by Fire and Sword and Slavery They were not content to put to Death those who were constant in the Faith unless they did it with barbarous and cruel Tortures One may serve as an Example of all their other Barbarities 7. A little King of Elate was taken who because he would not renounce the Christian Faith was tied to a Stake and Pans of Fire being set before him they cut off pieces of his Flesh broiâ—…ed and eat it in his sight Some they made him eat and asked whether he liked it He with much patience answer'd he did and was pleased to do that for Christ who had suffer'd for him That if after he was dead they would put a piece of his Flesh into a new Pot within twenty four hours they would find it converted into Oil in testimony of the Truth of the Christian Doctrine and in fine that the Portugueses would revenge his Death 8. They continued the Torments till he died and then to try what he had said put a piece of his Flesh into a new Pot covering it and the Twenty four hours being expired found it full of most sweet Oil. They were astonished but did not repent and soon after the Prophecy was fulfilled by their Ruine 9. Gonçalo Pereyra as was before said coming thither defeated them and their Succors they had from Iava and other Places and reduced them notwithstanding they fortified themselves in the Mountains In this Action five Portugueses were lost and Pereyra left D. Duartes de Meneses to command there 10. At this time Iames Lopez de Mâ—…squita a most wicked Man commanded at Ternate Aeyro King of that Island who had been so unjustly treated by D. Duarte Deça had always carried himself respectfully to the Portugueses without any Merit of theirs but was now at variance because they killed his Nephew He began to revenge it killing three of them because they refused to do him Justice This difference was composed by some well meaning Persons and the King and Mesquita solemnly swore to the Reconciliation But it being all deceit in the latter before six days were expired he murder'd the King as he visited him This was done at parting he waited on him to the Door and his Nephew Martin Alfonso Pimentel stabbed him by the Unkle's Order 11. When this King the last time Embraced that false Friendship he took to witness of his sincerity the Scutcheon of the Portugueses Arms which represent the Wounds of our Saviour As he was stabb'd he laid hold of a Cannon about the place where those same Arms were saying Ah Gentlemen why do you thus kill the best Subject your King my Master has Neither these words nor the sacredness of the Place it being hallowed Ground asswaged their fury There they strip'd and cut him in pieces which being salted and put into a Chest were cast into the Sea in sight of his Queen and Daughters who begged only for leave to bury him Such was then the Portugues Government that these and other the like Cruelties and Villainies passed unpunished by them But God did not so who first with shame deprived them of those Dominions and afterwards of a Prince of their own Gui I hil Babu Son to the deceased succeeded him in the Crown and just desire of Revenge for such inhuman Oppression He fortified himself and entred into a League with all the Neighbouring Princes against us beginning the War with the slaughter of some Portugueses and persecution of the new converted Christians in all those Islands But this happened later we shall see it in its proper place 12. The Viceroy order'd D. Luis de Almeyda in the Spring to Cruize in the Sea of Suratte to examin what Ships sailed there without our Passes He had six Ships with him and was joined by fourteen more they took three great Ships richly laden and brought two of them to Damam one having foundred at Sea This was the last publick Action of the Viceroy He embarqued to return home and died in the Voyage It was ordered in his Will that his right Arm should be cut off and preserved to be buried with his Unkle D. Nunno Alvarez at Ceuta and that the Body should be cast into the Sea It was accordingly performed and some observed that the cutting off this Arm was the Execution of the Sentence he had given against himself when a Relation prevailing upon him to sign an unjust Paper he said The hand that signs such a thing deserves to be cut off Such is the force of Affection it makes a Man do the very thing he abhors 13. D. Anton. de Noronna was a Man of a good Disposition Judgment and Inclination He was Viceroy the term of four Years the 11th of that number and twenty-third of the Governours the first of that Name and third of the Sirname 14. During the Government of D. Anton. the Ships that came from Lisbon to India were in the Year 1565 four in 1566 four more and four in 1567. 15. This Year our great Poet Luis de Camoens was at Zofala Being very poor in India where he served sixteen Years Peter Barreto who was going to Command at Zofala promised him great things and Camoens finding nothing came of them after waiting long he resolved to come for Portugal in a Ship that had touched there in which was Hector de Silveyra and other Gentlemen Being about to depart Peter Barreto who had made those Promises not to prefer him but divert himself demanded Two hundred Ducats he said he had spent upon him and those Gentlemen paid the Money and brought him away So it may be said Luis de Camoens his Person and Barretto his Honour were at once sold for that Money He arrived at Lisbon the Year 1569 when the Plague raged in that City so that famous Man always flying one Plague fell into another CHAP. V. The Government of the Viceroy D. Luis de Ataide Count de Atouguia from the Year 1568 tâ—… 1571 in the Reign of King Sebastian 1. To D. Anton. de Noronna succeeded with the same Title of Viceroy D. Luis de Ataide Count de Atouguia a Person meritorious of this Government or of a greater if ever any greater was committed by a Prince to one single Person He was the first who carried Orders that a Gentleman should be bare when they spoke
shun them resolved to sell his Life as dear as he could The whole Fleet attacks them and tears all their Rigging to pieces Night parted and Morning brings them together again three Gallies board them and are beaten off The Fight lasted three days the King having lost forty Vessels and many Men returned into his Harbor As much of our Ship got to Malaca as was hid by the Water all that was above being shattered to pieces and thus for that time was Malaca delivered of that trouble 10. Miran a King between the Mogul and Cambaya design'd to possess himself of the Crown of Cambaya to which he thought he had the best Title since it had been usurped from the lawful Heirs upon the Death of Badur He treated about it with the Viceroy offering him at present a sum of Mony and afterwards some Towns if he would assist him in gaining that Kingdom and expelling the Tyrant Himican The Viceroy admits the Proposals sends an Embassador of his own with the Kings and makes such diligent Preparations that on a sudden the Sea of Goa was covered with 140 Sail. To amuze the Enemy he gave out the Design was against Malabar Whilst an Answer could come from Miran the Viceroy to keep his Men out of Idleness sailed towards the Rivers of Braçalor and Onor whose Banks are peopled by Canara's who at the Iâ—…stigation of the Malabars refused to pay the Acknowledgments due to the Portugueses CHAP. VI. Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Luis de Ataide 1. WHilst the Viceroy was busie in these Preparations four Ships from Lisbon arriv'd opportunely at Goa D. Paul de Lima with one Galleon and six Ships and Martin Alfonso de Melo Commander of Baçaim meditating Revenge against the Kings of Cole and Sarcetas got together One hundred and thirty Horse and Eight hundred Portugues Foot The Enemy had Four hundred of the former and Two thousand of the latter yet were put to flight and even in the flight cut off Emanuel Pereyra and all his Men. So much is an Enemy to be fear'd even when he flies The Cities of Darila and Varem were destroyed and all the Countries about them D. Paul in his return took two Ships of the Enemy though forsaken by some of his own Vessels and those that left him had afterwards the Impudence to boast of the Victory The Viceroy receiv'd D. Paul with much Honour and one of those that had forsaken him coming to kiss as was the Custom the Viceroy's Cloak he said to him Keep off go kiss your Mother's hand 2. In November the Viceroy set out of Goa with above One hundred and thirty Sail some of them were Tenders and some Merchants In the fighting Ships were Three thousand Portugueses besides Indians He entred the River of Onor and landed Two thousand three hundred Men not without opposition The place seem'd impregnable both by Art and Nature yet our Men with great difficulty beginning to ascend the Hill notwithstanding the Bullets that fell from above soon discovered the People flying out of the City and the Queen of Guarcopa retiring to the Inland as despairing the Fort could hold out though Garrison'd with Five hundred resolute Men and well stored with Artillery and Ammunition 3. The City which was rich and beautiful was first Plundered and then reduced to Ashes Our Forces sat down before the Fort and batter'd it without intermission four days without the least molestation from a Body of the Natives who came to hinder their Progress Which the Besieged perceiving surrendred upon condition to march away without Arms. The Booty was small the most considerable part of it Cannon and Ammunition The next day being St. Catharines a place was cleansed to say Mass in The Command of it was given to George de Moura with Four hundred Men half of them Portugueses 4. Here the Ingenier Simon de Ruan fought alone with thirty of the Enemy till he fell as was thought dead but as they put him into a Shroud a small motion was perceived and soon after to the admiration of all Men he recovered In this Action we lost twenty Men. Next the Viceroy passed to Bracalor which is much like the other in strength and situation The Landing was somewhat more difficult being obstructed by 11000 Men but at length Two hundred of them being killed with the loss of nine on our side our Men possessed themselves of a Work which much dismay'd the Enemy 5. Those in the Fort before the Viceroy could besiege abandon'd it Soon after the Kings of Tolar and Cambolim attack the Fort on a very dark Night but found Peter Lopez Rabelo who commanded it with Two hundred Men so ready to receive them that they lost Three hundred killing only five of his and despairing of any Success concluded a Peace with the imposition of a greater Tribute than they paid before The Viceroy had an interview with those two Princes and the Queen of Cambolim and they parted very good Friends Above a Month was spent in building a new Fort in a convenient place which was the mid-way between the City and the Mouth of the River The Command of it was given to Antony Botello who spilt the first Blood in this Action 6. The Viceroy was in great care that he received no answer from Miran But there is no security in humane Policies Miran thought to tie the Mogol to his Interest by marrying his Brother to the Mogol's Sister But scarce did the Brother assisted by his Father-in-law the Mogol see Miran march towards Cambaya when he enters his Kingdom with a great Power and Miran having notice hereof was forced to stay to secure a certainty of his own rather than to go to a doubtful Purchase The Viceroy was much concern'd at this News and having no present Imployment for so great a Fleet divided it into several Squadrons and sent them upon different Expeditions D. Peter de Casto had one to secure the Ships trading to Goa Ferdinand Tellez who not not long before had taken some Ships of the Enemy went with another to the North. Of his Squadron were Ruy Diaz Cabral and D. Henry de Meneses who being separated from him met fifty Sail of Malabars and rashly fell upon them Ruy Deaz and seventy Men they both commanded were all killed D. Henry from among the dead was carried into slavery and after ransom'd D. Emanuel Pereyra and Iohn de Silva Barreto came too late to prevent this Misfortune but not to put the Enemy to flight after receiving and doing much harm 7. The Viceroy resented this loss not so much for its greatness as because it was the first time Fortune had frowned on him He went to Mangalor twelve Leagues to the Southward to appease some Disturbance that lessened the King's Revenue and was prejudicial to Trade This proceeded from the Enmity between the King of Banguâ—… and Queen of Oâ—…la the Dominion of the latter lies to the South and that of the other
to the North of that Place The Viceroy being better received at Mangalor than he expected had a meeting with those two Princes and agreed their Differences In his return to Goa he left with Antony Botello Commander of Braçalor for the Security of that Place six hundred fresh Men and Antony Cabrall at Sea with three Vessels well provided At Onor he added to George de Moura Five hundred Men and left on that Sea Francis and Rocque de Miranda Brothers with six Ships who with Fire and Sword destroyed some Towns and Ships because they rebelled as soon as the Viceroy had turned his back 8. At the end of this Year arrived at Goa five Ships from Portugal The Queen of Guarcopa who was fled to the Mountain rather for fear than good Will came now to an Accommodation 9. In those Seas were left D. Iames de Meneses with Forty two Sail Luis de Melo de Silva with fifteen Vincent de Saldaâ—…na with eight D. Iohn Coutinno with Four and D. Francis de Almeyda with Two Galleons The first of these carried Fire and Sword all along the Coast of Malabar to the Terror of all that Empire The strong Towns of Coulete Tiâ—…acole Capocate Padrarigale Panane and Calicut felt this fury Above 1000 Heathens were killed or made Prisoners above Sixty Vessels taken and many more sunk and burnt We lost but four Men in all those Actions 10. Zamori thought to put a stop to the Ruine of his Country by offering Proposals of Peace but no Ear was given to them The Weather effected what that did not it being no longer practicable to lie upon that Coast. Luis de Melo disappointed the Artifices of the Queen of Guarcopa who treated of Peace and prepared for War He burnt many of her Towns ravaged the Country and demolished her Fort of Sanguise Vincent Saldanna in the Sea of Mangalor did his Duty securing our Ships that traded that way D. Iohn Coutinno did the same about Cambaya Cochim and Chaul D. Francis de Almeyda disabled and put to flight at Diu six Malabar Galliots that attempted the entring that â—…ort to burn the Ships that were in it 11. In the beginning of Winter the Viceroy fitted out two Squadrons to relieve Onor and Daman fearing the Mogol design'd against the last and the Queen of Guarcopa against the other His greatest care was for Onâ—…r hearing the Enemy had attempted to desâ—…roy ouâ—… Men by Treachery bribing some Caâ—…raes who were in it to poison our Men with the Fruit of the Herb Duâ—…uro whose quality is such it makes Men forget all things and renders them wholly insensible even of Wounds The Treachery was discovered and the Conspirators hanged over the Walls in sight of them that employed them who then betook themselves to open force having failed in this private Practice At that time entred the Port a Galley and three other Vessels with a Body of choice Men for the Relief of the Fort. 12. The Wickedness of the Portugueses in killing the King of Ternate began to be punished That King's Son and Heir had commenced his Revenge as was said before and now sent his Unkle Calacinco with twelve Gallies to Amboina He was near taking our Fort whilst the Commander of it D. Duarte de Meneses was consulting far off with Gonçalo Pereyra about the manner of maintaining it but Baltasar de Sousa who supplied his place defended it well Baltasar Vieyra saved it killing with a Musquet Shot a Caciz of Note upon whose Death the Enemy withdrew to the Island Varenula and had they not retired they had carried the Fort before Pereyra and Meneses could come to relieve it 13. They being come Pereyra puts to Sea with six Sail. One of them commanded by Lawrence Furtado being hard set by the Enemies Admiral Furtado leaps into it and kills the old Commander and the Galley was taken two other were also taken and the Enemy fled to other Islands not thinking themselves safe at Varenula Above Nine thousand Men were killed in these Expeditions 14. Whilst this happened at Amboina the Fort at Tornate was so close besieged that our Men wished for Vermin to feed on having eaten all that could be found The King perceiving the besieged did not treat of a Surrender joined with the King of 〈◊〉 dore gave so furious an assault that he 〈◊〉 twenty Portugueses and entred the Treâ—…es The next Night they had as good success Luis de la Mo defended his Bastion with great Bravery and Belchior Vieyra for this time delivered the Fort killing Beneuoa General of Tidore at which sight his Men fled Pereyra hearing of this Posture of Affairs left Sancho de Vasconcelos to command at Amboina because D. Duarte was dead and hasted to Ternate with three Vessels that rowed and One hundred Men. At Bacham where the King was our friend he encreased to fourteen Sail. 15. The Confederate Kings set out to meet Pereyra with fifty Coracoraes which are great Gallies Pereyra receives them and they fought with much bravery The King of Tidore attacks our Admiral Galley but being almost killed drew back with his Galley quite disabled The Enemy gave way and Pereyra came to the Fort and brought fresh vigor with that Success But those of Ternate were so intent upon Revenge that they continued the Siege five Years and our Men were forced to abandon the Fort. The King of Tidore received those that would stay with him the rest dispersed into several Countries We shall see in time how they were expelled Tidore And it is rather a wonder they continued there so long being guilty of such Villainies than that they were at last drove away But great Storms threaten India now and our Viceroy is preparing to meet them CHAP. VII The dangerous Sieges of Goa and Chaul and first of the foremost continuing the Government of D. Luis de Ataide and Reign of King Sebastian 1. ALL humane Grandure is subject to Envy The Princes of Asia seeing the vast increase of the Portugues Power resolved to give it one fatal Blow and to this purpose entred into a League which was five Years in forming and concluding and carried on with wonderful secrecy 2. These Princes were Hidalcan Alecdaxa Nizamaluco Xaoxem and Zamori Their Design to extirpate the Portugueses in India To this effect they raised powerful Armies and made so sure of the success that they had before hand divided their imagined Conquests The first was to have Goa Onor and Braçalor the second Chaul Damam and Baçaim and the third Cananor Mangalor Cochim and Chale Hidalcan had assigned his principal Men Offices at Goa and some Portugues Women that were cried up for Beauties The King of Achem was at the same time to make an attempt upon Malaca In fine those Princes broke out like impetuous Torrents covering the Fields with multitudes oâ—… Men. Hidalcan marched to besiege Goa Nizamaluco to Chaul without any respect to the Peace which had been no way
There were thrown into the City above Six Thousand Cannon-Balls some of a prodigious Bigness and Nizamalâ—…co was making Preparations to lie there the Winter Above Two Hundred Portugueses fearâ—…g the Ruin of the City had deserted but instead of them Three Hundred came from Goa which put Chaul into somewhat a better Posture On 〈◊〉 11th of April Ruy Gonçalez de Camara â—…ell upon Five Hundred Moors in an Orchard with such Success that only Fifty of them escaped He took Five Colours and lost only Two Men but had many wounded 8. Fortune could not be always favourable to the Besieged sometimes they must meet Disasters The Moors enraged at that Loss played their great Cannon incessantly A Chance-â—…all from one of them lighting upon one of the Galleys that brought the Relief sunk her downright with all that was in her being â—…rty Men and Goods valued at Forty Thousand Ducats The Moors did not loâ—… rejoyce aâ—… this Accident for Ferdinaâ—…â—…ez fallying the next Day with Four Hundred Men on the Side of St. Francis obtained anotheâ—… 〈◊〉 equal to that of Ruy Goncalez and brought away some Ammunition Arms one Piece of Cannon and other Booty Nizamaluco beheld this Action and mounting on Horse-back offered to come down in Person with a Lance in his Hand then changing it to a Whip in a Rage threatned his Men and upbraided them as Cowards 9. Our Men were now so accustomed to Danger nothing could terrifie them and they seemed to court Death as if she had not been busie enough about them Some of our Soldiers being employed levelling the Enemy's Works we had driven them from about St. Francis and being more handy at the Sword than Spade drew upon themselves a great Number of Enemies whereof they killed above Two Hundred not without Loss on our Side 10. D. Iohn de Lima Francis de Sá and D. Nunno Alvarez went out to discover some Mines it was thought the Enemy was carrying on They executed their Command entring those Quarters where they put all that were in them to the Sword In these two Actions we lost Six Private Soldiers and D. Luis de Gastellobranco who having lost one Leg offered the other D. Iohn de Lima who seeing a Moor miss several Shots he made at him stood still till he was killed performing his Promise made on his Brother D. Duarte's Grave that he would soon follow him Anthony de Fonseca he who hung by his Lance at Parnel and laughed at the Enemy Francis Barradas and Ruy Pereyra de Sa and Five other Gentlemen of note 11. After the King had made it appear he designed to continue the Siege all the Winter and all Things were on both Sides disposed in order thereto Faretecan made some Overtures of Peace but without any visible Commission from his Prince who caused him to be apprehended not for acting therein without Orders for doubtless he had private Instructions but upon suspition that he was corrupted It was no wonder if Nizamaluco desired a Peace after lying before a Town Seven Months without any Success but losing as many Thousand Men. Nor was it strange the Portugueses should wish it having already lost above Four Hundred of their own besides Indians But the Hopes of Peace being extinguished by the Imprisonment of Faretecan George Pereyra Coutinno went out with his Ships and without any considerable Loss burnt Three that belonged to Nizamaluco 12. It was now the Beginning of Iune and the Attacks and Batteries were carried on with such Vigour as if they then began The first Attempt was upon D. Nunno Alvarez his House which was lost through Carelesness Yet after it was taken some Gentlemen attempting to recover it lost at least Twenty Portugueses without doing any considerable Execution Next the Enemy possessed themselves of the Monastery of St. Dominick where great Slaughter was made At D. Gonçalo de Meneses his House it was well fought but to our great Loss In all the other Quarters the Cannon-Balls â—…lew like Hail Let us come to the last Assault 13. The Batteries never ceased from the End of May till the End of Iune Nizamaluco resolving to make a Breach fit for his whole Army to try its Fortune On the 28th the Elephants appeared loaded with Castles and the Castles full of Men. A valiant Moor well mounted walked leisurely before all our Works within Musquet-shot and never altered his Pace notwithstanding above Five Hundred Shot was made at him and his Horse wounded he went off unhurt The whole Army expected the Sign to move but it was not given because our Cannon killed an Officer of Note which the King took as an ill Omen and put off the Assault till next Day Six of our Men venturing out of the Works drew a great Multitude of the Enemy within reach of our Shot which was so well bestowed that One Hundred and Eighteen fell down dead and above Five Hundred were wounded with out doing us the least hurt 14. The next Day about Noon the King gave the Signal to fall on and the whole Body of Men and Elephants advanced with horrible Cries and Noise of Warlike Instruments Agalascan attacked Iames Suarez de Albergaria Iohn de Silva Barreto Roderick Homen de Silva and Laurence de Brito in their Posts Faretecan and Sujatecan fell on the Quarter of the Misericordia Misnarrâ—… Captain of the Guards on that of Ruy Gonçalez D. Francis our Commander in Chief being to relieve where-ever the greatest Danger pressed planted himself opposite to the King with part of his Men having distributed the rest where there was need 15. The Day was darken'd with Smoak at Times lighted with Flames the Slaughter and Confusion was great on all Sides Some of the Enemy's Colours were planted on our Works but soon taken or cast down with those who had boldly set them up The Elephants made drunk by the Nayres that they might be the more fierce being burnt and wounded ran madly about the Field One much valued by the King being fired in the Flames ran into the Water and swam over the Bar where one of our Vessels killed him with a Cannon-Shot In fine The Assault ended with the Day the Portugueses remaining Masters of all their Works after killing above Three Thousand of the Enemies among which one was the Son of Agalascan and many more of Note 16. This Action cost us but a few private Soldiers and Eight Gentlemen D. Henry de Meneses being lame having his Legs burnt caused himself to be carried in a Chair Laurence de Brito took a Colours Gonçalo Rodriguez Caldera and Hierome Curvâ—… would not leave their Posts after receiving many dangerous Wounds In fine All did more than mortal Actions it would be a Lessening of others to commend some and we cannot particularize them all 17. The Moors asked Leave to bury their Dead which being granted as they drew them off they asked the Portugueses What Woman it was that went before them in the Fight and whether she was
alive One answered Yes for doubtless she was immortal And they replied Then certainly it was the Lady Marian. So they call the Blessed Virgin Many said they saw her at Lawrence de Brito's Quarter so bright that she blinded them And some who went to see her Image in the Churches were converted and staid in Town 18. Nizamaluco was desirous to treat of Peace but was not willing to shew it Our Commander wished as much as he and was as backward in making it appear At length both Sides abated and a Treaty was set on foot Faretecan and Azafacan were Commissioners for Nizamaluco Peter de Silva and Meneses and Anthony de Teyve for our Commander in Chief and D. Francis Mascarennas Baroche for the Captain of the City The Substance of the Accommodation was a League Offensive and Defensive between Nizamaluco and King Sebastian This Agreement was celebrated with great Joy and sending of rich Presents on both Sides All this might have been done without so much Effusion of Blood Nizamaluco raised his Camp and returned home CHAP. XI The Proceedings of Zamori upon this Occasion and during the Government of D. Luis de Ataide 1. ZAmori the third Chief of this League who was to act by Sea as Sovereign thereof among those of India performed his Part very coldly After Goa and Chaul had been Besieged a Month he instead of putting his Fleet to Sea sent to treat of Peace with the Viceroy either by this means to amuze him or else to gain some Advantage upon his pressing Necessities For few Princes follow the Dictates of Honour when opposite to their Interest This Affair being proposed in Council at Goa it was unanimously agreed to accept of a Peace though upon hard terms But the Viceroy who had resolved to loose all or nothing said He would make no Peace unless upon such Terms as he might expect in the most flourishing Condition 2. Zamori seeing this Design fail set out a Fleet about the end of February under the Command of Catiproca Marca He soon appeared before Chaul with twenty-one Sail and a great number of Men whereof above One thousand were Musqueteers and passed by Night through all our Gallies and Galleons that filled the Port without opposition The Entrance was defended against only two Paraos whereof one got in the other not The Malabars with reason boasted of this Action and Nizamaluco's Men rejoyced at the Success 3. Nizamaluco was much pleased at the arrival of the Malabars posted the 1000 Musqueteers and then perswaded the Officers to attack our Ships which were under the Command of Leonel de Sousa A great number of Calemutes which are small Vessels that King made use of were crammed full of Men to accompany the twenty-one Malabars every one going as to a sure Victory They set out with great eagerness bearing down upon Lionel de Sousa and fled with the same precipitation seeing him make at them Yet for all their haste our Gallies did considerable execution among them Nizamaluco who from a height had been looking on did all he could to perswade them to try their Fortune again but to no purpose for after twenty days they stole away by night out of that Harbour with the same good Fortune they came in 4. The Queen of Mangalor thinking to make some Advantage of these Confusions and hearing that Catiproca was near with his Fleet represented to him how easily our Fort might be surprized and offered to defray the Charge He accepted the Proposal thinking to regain the Credit lost at Chaul Unexpectedly he applies scaling Ladders and some of his Men mounted Some Servants of D. Antony Pereyra who Commanded there awaking and seeing the Enemy threw out of a Window the first thing came to hand which was a Chest of their Master 's full of Silver and with it beat down those that were upon the Ladder Pereyra waking with the noise threw down those that had mounted the other fled carrying away the Chest aboard the Ships As they passed before Cananor D. Iames with his Squadron fell upon and totally routed them D. Iames follows them up the River of Tiracole and not one Ship of them escaped Cutiproca was killed and his Nephew Cutiale taken as also D. Antony's Chest recovered 5. Zamori did not fulfil the Articles of the League by sending this Fleet for every one had promised to undertake something in Person till now D. Iames de Meneses had obstructed him scouring that Sea burning many Towns and Ships and taking many which he carried to Goa Towards the end of Iune when D. Iames was gone and Hidalcau and Nizamaluco were about drawing off Zamori fate down before the Fort of Cbale with 100000 Men most of them Musqueteers This place is but two Leagues from Calicut that Prince's Court and was then held by D. George de Castro The Enemy planted forty Pieces of Brass Cannon and girting the place round thought they had shut out all hopes of Relief Some was sent from Cochim under the Conduct of D. Antony de Noronna who could not put it into the Place for the furious Batteries of the Enemies Cannon Francis Pereyra de Sousa coming from Cananor with extravagant Bravery conquered the difficulty but the Relief was small because the Vessels were so As soon as the Viceroy had advice he sent D. Iames de Meneses with eighteen Sail to carry Supplies to the Fort. He with great difficulty got to Chale about the end of September when the Besieged were reduced to the last Extremities there being at least Six hundred Persons in the place whereof not above Seventy that could bear Arms. 6. It seemed impracticable to attempt the putting in any Relief for the mouth of the Harbour was very narrow and all the Hills about it were planted with Cannon But our Commander resolved to surmount all Difficulties A great Vessel was filled with Provisions for two months and fifty Soldiers put into it Iames de Azambuja went before in his Gally and Antony Fernandez and D. Luis de Meneses cover'd it with their Vessels They pierced with incredible Courage through Showrs of Bullets and Ferdinand de Mendoca Nephew to D. Iames run in all the Supplies whilst Francis de Sousa with his Men killed above Five hundred of the Enemy who endeavour'd to obstruct it This done they retired through the same Dangers with loss of forty Men. As they were cutting off a Soldier 's Leg he asked whether the Succour was got in and hearing it was Then said he let me die in God's Name for I cannot die more honourably 7. Though it was not possible to bring the â—…ss People out of the Fort as was design'd yet the putting in of Relief was an Action scarce to be parallell'd for the great hazard and difficulty that attended and vast Power that opposed it 8. The King of Achem the Fourth of these great Confederates whose thoughts were always employed against Malaca did not in point of time answer the
Covenants of the League but we shall see him at length in the Government of D. Antony de Noronna performing what he so long delayed The Queen of Guarcopa and others as has been related made up what was wanting in him 9. This was the end of that mighty League this the Government Valour and Fortune of our Viceroy who opposing all the united Power of India re-established the Portugues Reputation so much decayed For which he deserves an everlasting Fame 10. D. Luis de Ataide Lord of Atouguia was of unquestioned Valour had great Experience in Military Affairs to which he had applied himself from his Youth and of a Spirit so free from the Infection of Avarice that as others brought from Asia to Portugal heaps of Treasure he brought four Jars of Water from the four famous Rivers Indus Ganges Tigris and Euphrates which were preserved many Years in his Castle of Penicbe 11. After serving in Europe and Africk he went over to India and served there and at the Age of twenty-two was Knighted at Mount Sinai by the Governor D. Stephen 〈◊〉 Gama Returning to Portugal he went Aâ—… bassador to the Emperor Charles V. and was in that Battle in which the Emperor defeated the Lutherans under the Landtgrave and Duke of Saxony where he behaved himself so well that Charles V. offered to Knight him and he said He had already received that Honour at Mount Sinai and was therefore sorry he could not admit it then The Emperor in the hearing of all answer'd He more envyed that Honour than he rejoyced in his Victory 12. At his arrival at Lisbon King Sebastian caused him to be received under a Canopy yet afterwards like King Emanuel and Duarle Pacheco very much slighted him We shall see it when he is made the second time Viceroy being the first that was so twice D. Antony de Noronna succeeded him now He was the Tenth that had this Title and of Governours the Twenty-fourth The First of the Name and Sirname the Third Count that had that Post He was of the larger size had a good Meen his Complexion white CHAP. XII The Government of the Viceroy D. Antony de Noronna from the Year 1571 till 1573 in the Reign of King Sebastian 1. KING Sebastian thinking the Government of India as it was then extended too great a Burden for one Man divided it into three Parts The first from Cape Guardafu to the Island Ceylon which is that of India The second from Cape Corrientes to Guardufu which is Monomotapa The third from Pegu to China which is that of Malaca The first was given to D. Antony de Noronna with the Title of Viceroy the second to Francis Barreto and the third to Antony Moniz Barreto both stiled Governors Though it may alter things as to point of time I will speak of them in distinct Chapters beginning with D. Antony de Noronna 2. He set out from Lisbon with five Ships and was followed by two more They arrived at Goa the beginning of September safe as to the number of Ships for none was lost but not so as to Men 2000 dying at Sea of sickness of 4000 that set out D. Antony came before Hidalcan had raised the Siege and thereby obtained part of the Honour of obliging him to quit it Hidalcan lest Commissioners to conclude the Peace with the new Viceroy It was proclaimed with great Joy on the 13th of December and so the Year and the War ended together 3. The first care of the new Viceroy was to send Relief to Chale in two Galleys one Galleon and four Ships and after them two Galleys and tâ—…ee other Vessels But these were soon applied to other uses D. Iames de Meneses coming from Chale he sent him back with 1500 Men who came too late the Fort being already delivered to Zamori upon Conditions This surrender was made contrary to the plurality of Votes by the Commander D. George de Castro overcome by the Prayers and Tears of his Wife and other Ladies that were there without considering that he was Eighty Years of Age and ought rather to chuse an honourable Death than a short term of infamous Life Nor was this all his fault for the Provision had lasted longer had not he put it into his Wife's Hands and she into those of her Slaves Thus she was the first Eve among the Portugueses of India that tempted her Husband to a Crime of this nature this being the first place so delivered by them to the Enemy And the Viceroy could not but lose more Honour by loss of Chale than he could justly pretend to by the raising the Siege of Goa 4. D. Iames gathering the People that came out of Chale and were under the Protection of the King of Tanor left them at Cochin Then dividing his Fleet with Mathiâ—… de Albuquerque they clear'd the Sea of Pyrats and secured the Coasts next they took and demolished a Fort built by a Nayque subject to Hidalcan at the mouth of the River Sanguicer Here was killed Antony Fernandez Chale a Malabar who for his Valour and Conduct had often the Honour to Command many of the bravest Gentlemen that were in India at that time He was of the Order of Christ was carried to Goa and there buried with greater State than any till that day that had not been Governor of India 5. When the Viceroy accepted this Command in Portugal so much lessened by the Division of Governments his great aim was to get an Estate being poor and having Children He thought India might mend his broken Fortune and that Antony Moniz Barrâ—…to would be satisfied with less than was ordered to fit him out for the Government of Malaca he was deceived for Moniz was not satisfied with what could be done nor was India in a Condition to give what was promised him in order to go to Malaca nor Malaca in a posture for a Man who look'd upon his Reputation to go thither with that Title without a considerable Force The one would not go with what was given him and the other could not give more Difficulties hard to be composed 6. Moniz resolved not to go to Malaca and writ to Portugal that the Reason was because the Viceroy would not furnish him with what was requisite as not desiring he should go Malicious Whispers are generally grateful to Princes and great Men. Those who govern'd King Sebastiaâ—… unhappy Kingdom whose King is a Child without any other Information besides this Gentleman's which all tended to his own Advantage committed the weakest Act that has been heard of Moniz himself will shame them and himself as shall appear in its proper place 7. The Vice-Roy after fitting out several Squadrons as usual and receiving four Ships from Portugal two whereof were lost in their Return was obliged to make ready a considerable Succour for Damam threatned by the Mogol on account that that Place and Baâ—…aim both belonged to the Kingdom of Cambaya whereof he was now possessed
undertake what does not belong to his profession There were two ways to the Mines the one through Monomotapa the other by Zofala Barreto was for this Monclaros for the other and carryed it notwithstanding all the Votes to the contrary and so the first step they gave was to their ruin 5. Now the Governor enters upon this Conquest let us say somthing of its Climate quality and extent The Coast from Cape Delgado to Mozambique is in the form of a bow it begins in 9 deg of S. lat and ends in 14 d. 3 m. in which space are the Islands Pajaros Mesa one at the Mouth of the River Paudagi Mocoloe Matemo Queriba Cobra near the River Menluane Quisve and Cabras or Del Açotado Then follow the Rivers Mâ—…cutii Mucululo Situ Habe Xanga Samoco Veloso Pinda Quizimaluco Tintagone Between these last are the Bays of Xanga and Fuego and the Sands of Pinda From Mocambique to the Port of the Bay of Cauea in 21 deg and half of S. lat The Continent runs to the Westward gathering the Waters where appears the Parcel de Zâ—…fala the dangerous Scylla and Caribdis of those Seas into which falls these Rivers Moeugo Bayones Mâ—…ge Mojuncoale Sangage Ambuzi here lie the three Islands of Angoxa Monca Macolonga with three other Islands Tondamaje Corombeca Quesungo Loranga Chimani Mogundo Mafusa between the last are the Ports of Quilimane and Luabo with the Island Chimgoma Tendicalu Quiloe Sabam Bagoe Miave Zofala with the opposite Island called Inbansato Quiloane Mambony Molimon Quilamancohi Between Cape Bâ—…siqua in 32 deg of S. lat and Cape Correntes in 23 is the great Bay of Sauâ—…a Into this Bay falls the River Inhambane where is the Trade of Ivory From these names I infer the Language of those People cannot be harsh being mostly compounded of the soft Letters L. and M. 6. The Empire of Monomotapa from the Mouth of Cuama in the East runs 250 Leagues is divided by the great River Zambere which falls into that of Chiri running through the Country of Borero where are many other large Rivers and on their banks many King 's some absolute some Subjects of Monomotapa the greatest of the first is Mongas bordering on Câ—…ama and Zambere which falls into the Sea between Mozambique and Zofala to the S. E. by four Mouths The first that of Quilimane 90 Leagues from Mozambique The second Cuama 25 to the Southward The third Luabo 5 Leagues lower and the fourth Luaboel 15 more to the South Between them are fruitful and large Islands whereof one is 60 Leagues in compass The River is Navigable the same number of Leagues up to the Town of Sena inhabited by Portugueses and as many more to Tete a Colony of theirs also The richest Mines are those of Musapa called Anfur the Ophir where the Queen of Saba had her Riches when she went to Hierusalem In these Mines has been found a lumâ—… of Gold worth 12000 Ducats and another of the value of 400000. It is not only found among Stones but grows up within the bark of several Trees to the top where the branches spread The Mines of Mancbica and Butica are not much inferior to these There are many others not so considerable There are three Fairs or Markets whither our People Trade for this Gold from the Castle of Tete on the River Zambeze 120 â—…ngues from the Sea the first is Luane four Days journey up the inland The second Buento farther distant and Masapa the third yet farther of This Gold was purchased for Cloth glass-beads and other things of no value among us At Masapa resides a Portugues Officer appointed by the Commander of Moçambique by consent of the Emperor of Monomotapa but upon condition not to go into the Country without his leave upon pain of Death He is Judge of the differences that arise there There are Churches of the Dominicans at Massapa Bocuto and Luanze 7. The Original number and time of the Reign of the Kings is not known it is believed there were several in the time of the Queen of Saba and that they were subject to her for thence she had her Gold In the Mountain Afur near Masapa are seen the ruins of stately buildings supposed to be Pallaces and Castles in Process of time the Empire was divided into three Kingdoms Quiteve Sabanda and Chiganga this last the most powerful as possessing the Mines of Manchica Butua and others its believed the Blacks of Butua of the Kingdom of Chicanga are those that carry the Gold to Angola because 't is thought there are but 100 Leagues distance between those two places this Country bears Rice and what we call Indian-wheat has abundance of all sorts of Cattle Fowl and Gardening Their chief care is Pastorage and Tillage this Empire is divided into 25 Kingdoms which are Mongas Baroe Manica Boesa Macingo Remo Chique Chiria Chidima Boquizo Inbanzo Chiruvia Condesaca Daburia Macurumbe Mungussi Antiovaza Cbove Chungue Dvia Romba Rassini Chirao Mocaranga and Remo de Beza there are many Lordships that have not the Title of Kings 8. The Emperor has a great Palace though of Wood the chief Apartments of it are three one for himself another for his Wife and a third for his menial Servants it has three Doors into a Court one for the Queen to go in and out at another for him and the Servants that attend his Person and are Sons of his Noblemen the third for the Cooks who are two great Men and his Relations and the under-Cooks who are also Men of Quality None of these must be above 20 Years of Age for till that Age they do not believe they have to do with Women and if any do they are severely punished after that time they are preferred to great imployments Those within Doors are governed by a Captain and those without by another as formerly in Spain the Alcalde de los Donçeles 9. The Principal Officers about the King are Ningomoxa Governor of the Kingdoms Mocomoaxa Captain General Ambuya great Steward to him it belongs when the Mazarira or the King 's Principal Wife dies to name another in her stead but it must be one of the King's Sisters or nearest Relations Inbantovo the head Musitian who has many under him and is a great Lord Nurucao Captain of the Van-guard Bucurumo which signifies the King's Right-hand Magande the chief Conjurer Netambe the Apothecary that keeps the Ointments and utencils for Sorcery Nebono chief Porter All these Offices are executed by Lords there is no delicacy in Cookery used they only Eat boyl'd and roasted they Eat the same as is usual among us with the addition of mice which they esteem as good as Partridge or Rabbet 10. The King has many Wives only nine called great Queens which are his Sisters or near Relations the others the Daughters of Nobles The chiefest is called Mazarira and Mother of the Portugueses who often present her because she sollicites their business with the King
and he sends no Embassador to them without some Servant of hers the second is Inahanda that sollicites for the Moors the third Nabuiza that lives in the same Apartment with him the fourth Navemba the fifth Nemangore the sixth Nizingoapangi the seventh Nemongoro the eight Nessani the ninth Necarunda each of them lives apart with as great state as the King and have several Revenues and Kingdoms for their expence As soon as one dies another succeeds in place and name they have power to reward and punish as well as the King sometimes he goes to them sometimes they come to him there are many Women waiting on them of whom he makes use as he pleases 11. The Principal People of Monomotapa and whereof the Emperor is are the Mocarangi not warlike nor furnished with any other Arms but Bows Arrows and Javelines they have no Religion nor Idols but acknowledge one only God and believe there is a Devil that he is wicked and they call him Muzuco They believe their Kings go to Heaven and call them Muzimos and call upon them in time of need as we on the Saints They speak of things past by tradition having no knowledge of Letters They give Ear to the Doctrine of Christianity the lame and blind they call the King 's Poor because maintained by him with great Charity and if they travel the Towns they go through are obliged to maintain and furnish them guides from one place to another A good example for Christians 12. Every Month has its Festival Days and is divided into three Weeks each of 10 Days the first Day is that of the New-Moon and the Festivals the fourth and fifth of each Week On these Days they put on their best Apparel the King gives publick Audience to all holding a Truncheon about three quarters of a Yard long in each hand as it were leaning upon it they who speak to him lye prostrate this lasts from Morning till Evening If he is indisposed Ningomoxa stands in his place no body can speak to him or go to Court on the 8th Day of the New-Moon because it is held most unlucky 13. On the Day the New-Moon appears the King with two Javelins runs about in his House as if he were Fighting the great Men are present at this pastime and it being ended a pot full of Indian wheat boyled whole is brought which he scatters about the Ground bidding them Eat because it is the growth of the Earth they know how to flatter for every one strives to gather most knowing that pleases him and they Eat it as savourly as if it were the greatest dainty 14. Their greatest Holy-day is the first Day of the Moon of May they call it Chuavo On this Day all the great Men which are a vast number resort to Court and there with Javelins in their Hands run about representing a Fight the sport lasts all Day then the King withdraws and is not seen in eight Days after during which time the Drums never cease beating On the last Day he orders the Nobleman he has the least affection for to be killed this is in the nature of a Sacrifice he offers to his Muzimos or Ancestors this done the Drums cease and every Man goes home The Mumbos Eat Man's flesh whereof there is a Publick Butchery Let this suffice for the Customs of this Empire for it would be endless to relate all CHAP. XVI Continues the Government of Francis Barreto in Monomotapa 1. SUch was the Country whether the Governour Francis Barreto was now going he set out from Mozambique with more Vessels than he brought and more Men Tools Camels Horses and other necessaries for War and for the work of the Mines having Sailed Ninety Leagues he went up the River Cuama called by our first discoverer De las buenas sennales he came to Sena or Fort St. Marcalis as F. Monclaros desired and repaired the Town Inaparapala which is near to another of the Moors they being always professed Enemies to the Christians began to undermine our designs as they had formerly done in India they attempted to poyson our Army and some Men and Horses began to Die and the cause being discovered by one of them they were all put to the Sword and the Chief of them torn to pieces at the mouths of Guns except one called Mahomet Iame who affirming the Blessed Virgin had appeared to him and commanded him to become a Christian by the name of Lawrence he had the favour to be strangled The discoverer was pardoned 2. Barreto sent an Embassador to the Emperor who for the more honour admitted him to his Presence not as other Embassadors were treated at this Court which is to go without Arms bare-footed on their Knees and when they come near prostrating themselves on the ground The effect of the Embassy was to desire leave to punish the King of Mongas who was in Rebellion and go on to the Mines of Butua and Manchica The first part was a piece of flattery to obtain the second because the Lands of Mongas lie between Sena and the Mines and it was necessary to make way with the Sword He consented to all and offered One hundred thousand Men Bareto accepted not of them because he would give him no share in the Honour gained in that War and thinking thereby to oblige him the more 3. He marched ten Days with Twenty three Horse and Five hundred and sixty Musquetiers enduring much by Hunger and Thirst for the most part along the River Zambeze over whose most rapid stream hang pieces of the high Mountain Lupata ninety Leagues distant from the Ethiopian Sea At the end of this tedious march they began to discover part of the Enemy and soon after saw the-Mountains and Valleys covered with Arm'd Men the Governor was not daunted seeing it was hard to discover the end of that multitude he drew up and gave the Van to Vasco Fernando Homem he had the Rear and between the bodies was the baggage and some Field pieces when they came to charge he removed the Canon to the Front and Flanks the two unequal bodies advanced the Enemy in the sorm of a half-Moon before they engaged an old Woman advanced and scattered some Powder towards our Men having perswaded the Enemy she was a notorious Witch that that Powder alone would gain the Victory 4. Barreto understanding the superstition having seen tâ—…e like in India ordered a Gunner to level a â—…iece at her which was so well performed the old Woman was torn to pieces the Cafres were astonished believing her immortal Barreto rewarded the Gunner with a Gold Chain the Enemy advance without order either through ignorance or relying on their multitude and clouds of Arrows and Darts begin to fly but our Musquetiers killing them by Hundreds they turned their backs many were killed in the pursuit and then our Men ordered to halt the Governor marches to the City Mongas and meets another multitude like the former which in
like manner was put to flight above Six thousand Cafres were slain and two of our Men and the Governor was sorced to alight and lead his Men the City was entered without opposition being abandoned our Men entrench'd and in the Morning discovered an Army as great as both the former the Cafres were again routed and beg'd peace in the King's name The Governor received the Messenger with such Majesty that he was astonished and could not speak being come to himself and having delivered his Message Barreto promised he would see the King and mat ters should be adjusted 5. The next Day our Men marched and incamped in a convenient place where Embassadors came from the King to treat of Peace It happened one of our Camels broke loose and came so near the Governor that he stoped him till they came up that were in pursuit of him â—…e Cafres having never seen such a Beast admired it stopped at the Governor thinking it some submission it made to him and began to ask some questions He making his advantage of their ignorance told them he had many of those Beasts that only fed upon Man's flesh and having devoured all that were killed that Beast came from the rest to desire he would not make Peace because they would come to want Food they astonished hereat earnestly intreated him he would desire the Camels to be satisfied with good Beef and they would instantly bring them a great number He granted their request and marched on He was in great distress for Provision when news came his presence was required at Mocambique He gave the Command of the Forces to Vasco and departedâ—… The cause was this 6. Antony Pereyra Brandam who at the Molucos had committed Crimes that deserved the severest punishment in Portugal was condemned to banishment into Africk he desired the Governor he might be permitted to go with him to Monomotapa he did it and being come to Moçambique gave him the Command of that Fort. Brandam though Eighty Years of Age and under such obligations resolved to secure himself in the Fort and defame Francis Barreto with false informations sent to the King the Original Papers fell into the Governor's Hands who being come to Moçambique showed them to him and he falling down and kissing his Feet begg'd Pardon Barreto lifted up and forgave him then giving the Command of the Fort to Laurence Godino returned to prosecute his design 7. Our Governor being come to the Fort of Sena F. Monclaros came out in a great rage to tell him he should desist from that Conquest with which he had imposed upon the King that no more Men might be lost for he should be answerable to God for what had and should die It was most certain Barreto was not the promoter of that Conquest and Monclaros was in fault for all the miscarriage that had been committed Barreto took this insolence so much to Heart that he died within two Days without any other Sickness breathing out his Soul in sighs Doubtless the Jesuit had more to answer for his death than he for the miscarriages the Jesuit was guilty of 8. King Sebastian much resented this loss and particularly expressed it by the honourable Reception he made to his Body when brought to Lisbon So this great Man having escaped so many Bullets among the Indians so many Darts and Arrows among the Cafres and the Malice of a Villain fell by the Words of a religious Man CHAP. XVII The Government of Vasco Fernandez Homem in Monomotapa in the Reign of King Sebastian 1. THE Governor Francis Barreto being dead an order of the King 's found among his Papers was opened by which Vasco Fernândez Homem his Major was appointed to succeed him The Perswasions of F. Monclaros who now disliked the Conquest so far prevailed with him that forgetting his Duty he returned to Moçambique There some understanding Persons and chiefly Francis Pinto Pimentel his Kinsman represented this Affair in such manner to him that he returned to Monomotapa Being now delivered of that religious Man who went away to Portugal he set out by the way of Zofala as Francis Barreto would have done that being the properest Road for the Design in hand He marched directly towards the Mines of Manchica of the Kingdom Chicanga bordering by the Inland with that of Quiteyve the next in Power to Monomotapa With him was the same number of Men and sorts of Instruments his Predecessor had To oblige the King of Quiteyve he Complemented and sent him Presents and tho' these are the most efficacious means to make all things easie that Prince grew so jealous of these Solicitations that he received all very coldly 2. The Governor not making much account of his Answer marched into his Kingdom Several Bodies of Cafres attempted to stop his Passage but were routed with great slaughter The King seeing he did not prevail by force of Arms had recourse to Policy He caused all the People and Provisions to be withdrawn from the Towns and Country so that our Men suffered extream want till they came to Zimbaoe his Court whence he was fled and had fortified himself in inaccessible Mountains Vasco burnt the City and marched on to Chicanga the King whereof rather through fear than love received him with exterior signs of Affection and gave him free passage to the Mines Our Men marched to them many believing they should gather Gold by handfuls but seeing the Natives with much difficulty gather'd but little in a long time and not being expert at that work and that to make any thing of it more Men and Materials were requisite they return'd the way they came and parted Friends with that King 3. Though they obtained not what was sought this way yet the ease wherewith they came to the place designed evinced how great an Error it was to impose F. Monclaros as Director to the late Governor who only to follow his own extravagant Humour lead him a way so dangerous and tedious Vasco returned to Quiteyve and that King did now for fear what he refused before permitting the Portugueses to march to the Mines of Maninnas only upon condition they should pay him Twenty Crowns yearly Vasco passed thence to the Kingdom of Chicova bordering upon Monomotapa to the Norward along the Inland The cause of undertaking this March was the Account he had of rich Silver Mines Having encamped he ask the Cafres for the Mines and they seeing it was in vain to resist and fearing the discovery of the Mines would be their Ruine scattering some Ore far enough from the Mines shewed it telling them there they were 4. By this means the Cafres got time to escape for our Men giving credit to them let them go perhaps not desiring they should see what Treasure they got The Governor caused all round about to be dug and after much labour it was no wonder he did not find what was not there Provision growing scarce and finding no Fruit of his Labour he
marched away leaving Captain Antony Cardoso de Almeyda with Two hundred Men and Necessaries to continue there some Days to examine into the Truth of that so much coveted Corner of the Earth 5. Vasco being gone Cardoso suffered himself to be again deceived by the Cafres who had before imposed upon him They offered since he could not find a Vein there they would show him a place where he might and leading him the way of Death rather than that of the Mines killed him and all his Men after they had defended themselves with incredible Bravery This may convince those who affirm numbers of Cafres would fly from a Gun as not having before seen them since here Two hundred Men fighting with them for their lives were all slain by their Darts and Arrows 6. This was the end of that Government scarce begun sooner than ended and possest by two Governors who no sooner saw but they lost it The first killed by rash words the second expelled by a prudent not barbarous Stratagem However the Peace and Trade with the Emperor of Monomatapa continued These Actions of Francis Barreto and Vasco Fernandez Homem were in the time of the Government of D. Luis de Ataide D. Antony de Noronna and Antony Moniz Barreto but we could never exactly find when the first died and the last desisted CHAP. XVIII Of the Viceroy Ruy Lorenco de Tavora and the Government of D. James de Meneses from the Year 1576 till 1578 in the Reign of King Sebastian 1. IN the beginning of this Year sailed from Lisbon Ruy Lorenço de Tavora to succeed Antony Moniz Barreto with the Title of Viceroy of India and four Ships He died at Moçambique and was the first that came short being appointed for that Government The Ships arriving at Goa the Royal Patents of Succession were opened and D. Iames de Meneses there present was the Person named in the first So he was rather Successor to Antony Moniz than Ruy Lorenço However since he was designed for it we will reckon Tavora the Twelfth of the Viceroy's and Twenty-seventh of Governors and First of the Name and Sirname 2. D. Iames de Meneses having held this Command near two Years there is no doubt but there happened more remarkable Passages than I heer relate but I could find no more having used all possible endeavours to get some farther Memoirs of his Time Certain it is there are some but our Portugues Gentlemen though they make no use of keep them as close as Misers do their Treasure The little I could gather is thus 3. As soon as D. Iames took upon him the Government he fitted out several Squadrons for the usual purposes At that time some Captains were upon the Northern Coast upon their own account as D. Hierome Mascarennas D. Iames and D. Antony de Silveyra Brothers and Francis Pessoa They anker'd in the River of Dabul that City being then at Peace with us and were received by the Tanadar Melique Tocan with feigned kindness He proferred to furnish them with what they wanted and invited them home to dine with him having Men ready to murder them in the height of their Merriment All things succeeded as he desired for they put themselves into his Power unarmed except Mascarennas who forboding some Treachery stayed in the River Those that accepted the invitation were killed except a few who fled to the Shore and the Murderers after them had like to have entred Mascarennas his Vessel but that he and those few that were with him laying hold of Arms repulsed the bloody Assassins Mascarennas carried the news of this Disaster to Goa 5. Towards the end of this Year arrived the Ships that sailed from Lisbon the beginning of it they were six in number two set out first under Mathias de Albuquerque appointed to Command at Malaca and four after 5. As soon as the Governor was informed by D. Hierome de Mascarennas of the Villainy committed by the Tanadar of Dabul he dispatched D. Peter de Meneses with a small Squadron to Revenge that wrong ordering him to lay wait for the Ships of Meca and do all the Mischief he could on the Coast subject to Hidalcan Meneses met two great Ships of Mâ—…ca and after a sharp dispute forced them a Shoar where the Sea running high they beat to pieces This was the posture of Affairs when in August arrived D. Luis de Ataide Count de Atouguia to take upon him that Government the second time which D. Iames de Meneses then quitted having been the Twenty-eighth Governor the Second of the Name and Third of the Sirname CHAP. XIX The Count D. Luis de Ataide is the Second time Viceroy of India he set out in the Year 1577 and Governs till 1581 and is the last sent out by King Sebastian 1. WHEN King Sebastian had resolved though he designed better to bury the Glory of his Kingdom in the Sands of Africk he appointed D. Luis de Ataide Count de Atouguia General of his Forces But soon after not able to conform his Youthful Heat to the prudent Circumspection of the Count that he might have a plausible Colour for removing him he again constituted him Viceroy of India pretending there was need of such a Man there as if he had not much more need of his Conduct himself 2. The Count well understood the drift of this Change but not willing to disgust the King took no notice of it He desired to have along with him Nunno Vello Pereyra a Man more Expert than Fortunate in Military and Sea Affairs as will appear hereafter and Iohn Alvarez Suarez a Man versed in the Revenue and who had given good Proof of his Courage as was related in the Siege of Chaul D. Luis had a prosperous Voyage and was received at Goa with great Joy 3. His arrival at Goa was about the end of August The first thing he did after receiving the Sword was the spreading the News that King Sabastian would infallibly that Year go over into Africk where he was already killed when this was given out The Viceroy foreseeing that disaster and the ill Consequences might arise from it fitted out such a mighty Fleet as struck a Terror into all the neighbouring Princes who measure their own safety by our Power The design of this Fleet he never revealed to any Man 4. Amidst these greater Cares he forgot not the less but sent Supplies to D. Peter de Meneses to enable him to act the more vigorously against Melique the Tanadar of Dabul The Viceroy in Person carried on the War against Hidalcan along the River of Goa whether his Dominions extended and he no longer able to endure it proposed a Peace promising the Traytor Melique should be for ever banished Dabul and all his Dominions The Peace was concluded and our Forces withdrew At that time arrived at Goa three Ships from Portugal and were the last sent sent by King Sebastian When these came to India two
Caravels set out from Lisbon with the News of the King's Death one bound for Goa the other for Malaca 5. Henry the Cardinal succeeded in the Throne and from amidst those Ruines dispatched five Ships for India fearing lest the loss of King Sebastian being known new Troubles might arise if those Dominions were not timely supplied 5. The Viceroy understanding that Melique Tocan contrary to the Articles of the Peace concluded the Year before continued at Dabul publickly exercising his Office and was ready to Launch a great Ship to Trade to Meca he resolved to show how much he resented that wrong and to that purpose sent thither D. Paul de Lima Pereyra with ten Sail. 7. D. Paul coming to the Mouth of the River found all the Shore fortified and a great number of Cannon planted in all convenient Places He forces his way in through all the Batteries and sees Six thousand Horse and great number of Foot covering the Shore and pouring showers of Bullets and Arrows upon him nevertheless he attempts to burn two Ships belonging to Hidalcan but finding it impossible to come at them for the number of the Enemy's Cannon he runs up the River and spent some days in burning all the Towns along the Coast. 8. The Enemy calls in to their Aid Cartale and Mandaviray two Malabar Pyrats who were in the Sea of Chaul with five Galliots To these Melique joins other five Sail he had ready with Five hundred Turks Persians and other resolute Men. The Shore was cover'd with People that came to see this Action D. Paul prepared to receive them and after the Discharge of the Cannon they came up board and board and hand to hand 9. D. Paul boarded the first Galliot they were ten to ten though the Enemy had the advantage of the bigness of the Vessels and number of Men but our Captains following the Example of their Admiral behaved themselves so bravely that only one of the Enemy's Galliots escaped the rest were all taken We lost but two or three Men in this Action which was as fortunate as any we perform'd in Asia 10. Having taken this Revenge of Melique for his Crime and of Hidalcan for winking at it D. Paul sailed out of the River through the same Dangers he came in losing one Man Being come to Goa with Nineteen Sail whereas he went thence with only Ten the Viceroy came out to receive him and in the hearing of all that were present said What is it you mean D. Paul will you with such Acts of Bravery provoke my Envy to poison you Thus Heroes praise great Men and at the same time upbraid those who enviously Rail at noble Actions 11. The Emperor of Ceylon had some time since by his Ambassadors desired King Iohn III. to send him some Religious Men of the Order of St. Francis to instruct him in the Christian Religion They being come to him he recanted F. Iohn de Villa de Conde was this Year at his Court and had several times confuted the Bramenes disputing of Religion Yet they refusing to yield themselves overcome he offer'd with a lively Faith that he and one of them should be cast into a River full of great Crocodiles or into a great Fire and that his Religion who came out unhurt should be allowed to be the true They refused and the Franciscan immediately reaped the Fruit of this Victory baptising D. Iohn Parea Pandar King of Cota in the same Island 12. The Kingdom of Angola is near Monomotapa whereof we lately spoke and therefore will relate what happened there this Year because it is a remarkable Passage Paul Diaz undertook to War with that King who had treacherously kill'd a number of our Men This Captain with only two Galleys did Wonders on the Banks of the River Coanza till he fortified himself in an Island formed by this and the River Lucula Then joining the King of Congo and other Princes with only 150 Portugueses he several times defeated the Enemy But the most remarkable is the Battle wherein that King had a Million of Men which were put to flight in such Confusion they kill'd one another 13. At the beginning of this Year when the Ships sailed for India our Kingdom by the Death of the old Cardinal King Henry was under the Direction of five Governors who dispatched them They were four whereof one was forc'd back to Lisbon the last sent under a Portugues Government and the last our Viceroy saw For he having done no more than what is related or if he did having left no memory of it died the beginning of the Year having in some manner foretold it For some time before leave being asked of him to bury his Cousin Antony Rotello by his Brother D. Iohn de Ataide he refused it saying He had long since designed that place for himself 14. At the end of his first Government something was said of his Qualities and Merit and I have referred it to this place to speak of his undaunted Courage as a virtue most peculiar to him Some Proof of it has been given in the former Part of his Life I will now give another Instance At the attack as I think of Onor he sailed in a Brigantine sitting on a Chair and a famous Musician by him playing upon a Harp The Enemy's Cannon from the Fort reached the Vessels and grated the Musicians Ear D. Luis who was pleased to hear the Musick seeing him give over as if he had not seen the Cause asked him why he left off the Musician told him and he stretching out his hand said I pray let nothing disturb thee go on with that Tune for it is a very good one 15. One of the Gentlemen that were standing behind him seeing this was too great a Contempt of Danger said Tell that Man if he happens to be killed all will be lost And another answer'd Do not tell him so for if he be killed here are Men enough fit to succeed him 16. D. Luis this second time govern'd the Term of two Years and seven Months and may be reckoned in the number of Viceroys the Thirteenth in that of Governors the Twenty-ninth the First of the Name and Sirname CHAP. XX. The Government of Ferdinand Tellez de Meneses who was named by the Governors of Portugal upon the Decease of the Cardinal King Henry in the Year 1581. 1. THE Ships dispatched by the Governors of Portugal the last Year carried new Patents of Succession In the first was named Ferdinand Tellez de Meneses The Bishop of Malaca D. Iohn Ribeyro Gayo was President at this Ceremony which was celebrated with such Demonstrations of Joy as if there had been no Memory of their fresh Subjects of Tears 2. Whilst the Affairs of Portugal were in this miserable Condition those in the Kingdom of Visapor were no better the Succession being uncertain upon the decease of Hidalcan who died without Heirs in the 23d Year of his Reign and 50th of his Age. He
studied less to have Wives to get Children than young Men instead of Wives A Youth of 18 Years of Age who had more Honour than to consent to such Baseness killed him as he was endeavouring to allure him to his brutal Appetite Abraham Son of Xatamas one of two Brothers not long before slain by him succeeded in the Throne Quiâ—…balechan a powerful Man conspiring with others enters Visapor with Forces and seizes that Prince Not long after the Ethiopians who are the Guard of those Princes did the same under three Heads chose by themselves to this purpose who were Acalachan Armichan and Delarnachan This last secures the other two and takes all the Power into his own hands Our Governor kept a watchful Eye over all these Proceedings knowing the Happiness of our Affairs depended much upon the Event of those 3. At this time were brought to India new Instructions from the Governors of Portugal and Philip the Second then sworn King and First of the Name there The Governor was order'd to tender the Oath there Ferdinand Tellez performed the Ceremony with great Solemnity in the Church of Goa on the third of September 4. The Captains then commanding our Forts there were at Goa D. Tristan de Meneses at Zofala and Moçambique D. Peter de Castro at Ormuz D. Gonzalo de Meneses at Damam Martin Alfonso de Melo at Baçaim D. Emanuel de Almada at Chaul D. Ferdinand de Castro at Cananor George Toscano at Cochim D. George de Meneses Baroche at Columbo Emanuel de Sousa Coutinno at Tidore Iames de Azambuja and at Malaca D. Iohn de Gama 5. The Governor understanding that four Galliots of Malabar Pyrats were harboured in some of the Rivers about Goa immediately sent Mathias de Albuquerque with ten small Merchant Ships that were the readiest at hand after them He found them in the River Carapatan three of our Vessels that were foremost falling violently upon them forced the Malabars to leap into the Water and by that time Albuquerque came up each of them had taken one 6. There were at Mazulopatan two Ships of the bigness of ours that Trade to India one belonging to the King of Achem loaded with Ammunition design'd as was believed against Malaca the other to the King of Pegu richly loaden The Governor sent Gonçalo Vaz de Camoens with four Ships to seize upon them The first of the two had notice of it and went off and Gonçalo Vaz being informed of the great Force of the other by the consent of his Men left that Design and went over to the Coast of Pegu where the Malabar Pyrats took one of his Ships Commanded by Francis Serram and a Galliot of Ferdinand de Lima. They came to the Mouth of the River Negraes just at such time as the Ship they feared to Encounter at Mazulapatan was entring They could not in Honour avoid engaging her though they were but two Galliots After a desperate Fight which lasted almost two days the Ship was sunk our Men having first rifled her with such covetousness that our Vessels had sunk had not the Captain thrown many of the Goods over-board 7. The Galliots setting out again were for some time carried about by the Weather it being the beginning of Winter till about the place where they sunk the Ship they discover'd the Prince of Fegu with a Fleet of 1300 Sail design'd for the Conquest of the Kingdom of Arracam The Prince desired to meet with these Galliots having advice they were thereabouts and that his Father would be as much pleased with taking of them as the Conquest of that Kingdom Sixteen of the best Sailers advancing began to play their Cannon and were as well answer'd till they came to Board After a sharp Engagement three of the Enemy's Ships were disabled some entred many Prisoners and 18 Pieces of Cannon taken then our Men seeing all that Multitude was coming upon them making all the Sail they could and plying their Oars got into the Port of Arracam The King rejoycing for the share he had in this Success and well pleased that Gonçalo Vaz made him a present of some of his Subjects taken in the great Ships gave liberty to some Portugueses he had long kept in Prison 8. About this time three Turkish Gallies set out of the Port at Moca sent by the Bassa Mirazenam to plunder Moscate having Intelligence from Moors living there that the Town was Rich and unprovided of Defence Alibec a Turk used to Robbing undertook this Design Mirazenam was born at Otranto of Christian Parents and was Governor of all that Part of Arabia Felix and Petrea which the Natives call Ayaman he resided in the City Cana the Center of Arabia Felix 60 Leagues North of Moca and as many from Xael Cana is built upon a Hill encompassed with a good Wall and thought to be the Foundation of Cham the Son of Noah and to have been the Court of the famous Queen of Saba The Province is most fruitful called by the Ancients Siria Mumifera because it produces Frankincense Myrrh and Storax 9. Alibec being before Mascate landed his Men ordering those that remained in the Galleys to enter the Port and as soon as they were in to play their Cannon furiously that so the Inhabitants being imployed on that side he might come in upon their Backs It succeeded as he desired for most Men saved themselves by flight but few their Goods and he in an instant entred and plundred the Town Iames Machado going out to bury some Treasure was killed and himself and Money deprived of Burial 10. Let us in some manner describe the situation of this Town Extend the right Hand with the Palm of it down stretch out the Thumb from the fore-finger and separate that from the middle Finger keep that close to the other two The space between the middle and fore-fingers is a Bay called Seabo running up as the hand represents The distance between the Thumb and Fore-finger is another Bay not so deep along the Shore whereof the Town is bailt shut in by two Mountains one rises at the point of Seabo next that part where the three Fingers are together it has only one Path that leads to Mascate so narrow that two Men cannot pass it a-breast This way Alibec come into the Town no Body imagining he would attempt it for four Men with one Cannon might maintain it against the Universe 11. Let us not deny any Man the Honour that is due to him They that fled from Mascate to Mataro a Town a League distant not thinking themselves safe there went to Bruxel a Fort four Leagues up the Inland belonging to Catani Head of a Hord of Arabs This place at that time was commanded by an Officer of his a Man so Just and Honourable that hearing the Misfortune of those People who came to him for Refuge for in great Dangers the lesser is a Refuge he went out to receive comfort and entertain them This was much but what
are set Dogs of Stone for People to go over upon many Vessels ply about it some very large being built for pleasure and feasting with Kitchins fore and aft in the Midship rooms with Tables above floors for Women the windows covered with close nets that they may not be seen all painted and gilded the abundance of Meat in them is wonderful in these many spend what they have The second thing famous is the Silk and man ner of working it the third the worship of their Idols and magnificence of their Temples 6. The last of these 9 Southern Provinces is Nanking between 29 and 36 deg of lat the best in the whole Kingdom It permits no Foreign Trade the Merchants to enhance the value of their goods say they are of Nanking in only the Town of Xanham 't is said there are 200000 loomes for Cotton which yearly yield the King 450000 Ducats The Court long resided here and all the tribunals and priviledges of a Court still remain in the capital City called as my Author will have it Ymthienfu but I find it is by all others named Kiangning This City is the best in the Kingdom for sumptuous buildings spacious streets trade and abundance of all things it has twelve stately Gates well defended with Canon without the walls runs another at a great distance much ruined the outward circumference will take up a Horseman two Days journey travelling a good pace the inward is 6 Leagues between the two walls are buildings and tillage the crop whereof is appropriate to the Souldiery that reside within to the number of 40000 In one quarter of the Town is a Mount and thereon a sphear of a vast bigness of curious workmanship but stands not on a frame there is also a rare Tower 7 stories high with all appurtenances made of Porcelane a most wonderful work The River runs by the foot of it called according to my Author Yamcuquiam by all others I find it named Kiang but Yamcuquiam signifies Son of the Sea because it is one of the greatest in the World and may perhaps for brevity generally be called Quiam or Kiang it has great store of Fish 7. The Northern Provinces are 6 their names Honan Xensi Xansi Xantung Peking and Leavâ—…ung The first lies between 33 and 37 deg of lat and produces the most delicious fruit which is prodigiously cheap so that One hundred of Apricocks is worth about half a Farthing A Prince lives here in as great state as the King 8. The Province Xensi lies to the Eastward of the last in near the same Latitude it is large but dry as the three next to it bears little Rice much Barley common and Indian Wheat Their Sheep are shorn three times a Year Spring Summer and Autum but the first shearing is the best The Wool serves for Hats and such like work but is not fit to spin The Goat's Hair is spun and of it they weave Stuffs richer than of Silk but it is only of a sort of Down that grows next the Skin under the long Hair This Province yields Musk which grows in the Navel of a Beast like a little Deer the Flesh whereof is eaten The Purses brought hither are not all the same in which it grows because the Musk mixed with other Drugs is too much to be contained by them only and so Purses are made for it of the Skin Scarce any Musk comes over pure Here is also some Gold gathered but in Rivers for the Mines of it and Silver are not open Most of the Rhubarb in the World seems to come from hence for that which is brought from Persia cannot be of the Prodâ—…ct of that Country because none that have travelled there relate they ever saw this Herb grow there It grows high and bears Leaves bigger than those of Cabbage requires much care and grows not wild as some would have it 9. This is a Province of great Trade for the numerous Caravans some of above One thousand Men which repair to its two Western Cities Socheu and Xancheu In them come Ambassadors from the Mahometan Princes to the King of China every three Years is an ordinary Embassy and every fifth one extraordinary they always bring Presents The Princes are the Turk the Arabs Camul Samarâ—…an and Tarsan but none of them except the last know any thing of these Embassies or Presents the Merchants do it at their own cost for the more security of their Trade The Present consists of a quantity of precious Stones Three hundred and forty Horses Three hundred small Sparks of Diamonds some sine Blew Six hundred Knives and as many Files The King returns for each Horse two pieces of Cloath of Gold Thirty of yellow Silk Thirty Pounds of Cha Ten of Musk Fifty of a Medicine called Tienyo and Fifty of Silver 10. Cha which I suppose to be our Tea is the Leaf of a Tree like Myrtle in some places bigger than others they dry it in Iron Pots over the Fire and so it runs up together There is of it from a Ducat the Pound to less than a Halfpenny such is its variety It is their common drink steeped in hot Water with it they treat Strangers and relate many Virtues of it 11. The Province of Xansi lies between 36 and 42 deg of Lat. the many Mountains make it barren therefore bears little Wheat less Rice and most of Indian Wheat it supplies the Kingdom with Resins Here are Wells of Fire for the use of Houses like those of Water in other Parts They make small Mouths and over them boil any thing They have Coal-Pits as in England The Province of Xantung lies between 35 and 38 deg of Lat. it is poor subject to Locusts and often to Famine It bears a sort of Apples which is carried over most of the Kingdom 12. The Province of Peking between 36 and 42 degrees of Latitude is now honoured with the Court in the City of the same name but more properly Xuntâ—…ienfu or Xuntien the Moors call it Cambalud The People as all those of the North are not so ingenious but more laborious and warlike The Land dry and healthy but barren yields Indian Corn but little Rice or Wheat The Rice used at Court comes from Nanking it is pleasant only boiled in Water without any other Addition The King keeps One thousand Sail that trade to the South for Provisions This Province sends abroad no Commodities but Pensils and Persumes The City is not so large as Nanking but far exceeds it in populousness The Walls are so thick twelve Horsemen ride abreast on them they are guarded with as much care in Peace as War At the Gates are Officers to receive the Duty of all things brought in and that belongs to the Queen 13. The Magistrates of this City have but very little State in their Persons and Houses only the chief of them can go in Chairs the others on Horseback All People have their Faces covered along the
Cloaths only instead of a Cap they wear a small Crown which holds the knot of their Hair at the top They own one great God and others lesser but all Corporeal allow of Heaven and Hell the Felicity with the body and even in this World they feign that through certain excercises Men become young again they say and believe any thing that comes into their fancy they have Musick and good Instruments and are therefore called to Funerals and Sacrifices they pretend to Sorcery and promise Rain which always fails to their shame 11. They also pretend to lay Devils that haunt Houses and are as successful as in the other their chief study is a quiet and long Life but more for the long which they endeavour to purchase at any rate 12. The third Sect as its Author is called Xaca he is said to be son of Maga and a dream for that she dreamed she conceived looking upon a white Elephant was delivered of him through her side and died immediatly Xaca did pennance for this misfortune on the snowy Mountain and had there in 12 Years 4 Masters became learned in the Science of the first causes and had many Disciples who spread his Sect through all Asia This Doctrine was brought into China about the Year of Grace 63 at the instance of the Emperor Hamin the followers of this Opinion once amounted to three Millions now they are but few 13. Their Priests wear neither Hair nor beard adore Idols believe there is Reward and punishment in the next Life and live in community 500 together they are called to Sacrifices and Burials and wear a sort of Copes Eat no Flesh Fish Eggs nor drink Wine have large inclosures in Villages and live under a superior others live in Caves Dens and on Rocks some do most rigid pennance Some lock themselves in narrow Houses or rather boxes of Wood full of spikes the points inward and live in these a Month without being able to lean for the spikes or Eating only Drinking Cha. But others affirm they go in provided with lumps of Beef hard baked which they dissolve in that hot liquor there is another sort called Vagabonds that are generally villanous fellows guilty of all crimes especially Robberies There are also Nuns of these Orders their Heads shorn they are but few and not enclosed 14. They believe the transmigration of Souls that they descend and pass through nine Hells then return to be Men at best or else beasts like Men or what is worst of all Birds The wisest of them direct all their study toward the Prima causa after the last death they believe there is neither reward nor punishment 15. Of Transmigration they believe if a Man was courteous he becomes Man again if subject to passion a Lion if cruel a Tiger if unchast a Hog and if given to stealing a Bird of Prey From these proceed many other Sects it is a Proverb of these three Sects that the Lawyers govern the Kingdom the Taucus the Body and the Bonzot the Heart 16. In their Sacrifices are offered a beast like a Goat Swine Oxen Cocks and Hens all sorts of Fish chiefly the Barble Rice Grain and Wine If the King sacrifice the offering is divided among Mandarines if great Men among their Relations if ordinary People they Eat it among them All other things offered are burnt as Silk leaves of Gold and Silver cut Paper Candles Perfumes c. there are no Priests appointed for this every one does it for himself 17. The Chineses are great admirers of virtue and have a sort of Commandments written in their Houses much of the same nature as ours There are strangers in China who differ in point of belief but not considerable We have already mentioned those barbarous Inhabitants of a part of the Island Hainan and others in the Mountains of Quantung Hucheu and Quiangsi these follow the Opinions of the rest of the Kingdom In the Province of Yunnan there is a large tract of Land inhabited by a People differing in language and customs having a King of their own but tributary to China In some parts there are Mahometans who have their Mosques but ill observe their law Tney marry their Sons ro Chinese Women but the Daughters only marry among themselves because Women follow the opinion of the Husbands and these never change Their first coming into China was about 800 Years since being called in by a King to assist him in his Wars and having served well such as would were allowed to â—…le there There are Jews in the Province of Honan and in the Metropolis of it Caifumfu they have a neat Synagogue which shall be described hereafter For want of Priests they are become very ignorant In their law and many beâ—… Mahometans and Pagans CHAP. XVII Of the Original of the Kingdom of China the Pallace and Government of it 1. THere is no certain account of the Original of this Kingdom though their Histories begin at the Universal flood The first three Kings are esteemed Saints since that time the succession has been in 22 families this now reigning has continued 300 Years the first of it did all that was possible to secure his line he abolished all Royalties forbid under severe Penalties any of the blood Royal to have any hand in Government and gave all the power to Lawyers who were to attain it by learning and virtue the Monarchy continues as he left it 2. They reckon Years from the beginning of the last Reign the first actions of it are coining of Money Crowning of the Queen giving her and the Concubines names offering great Sacrifices giving Alms treating Magistrates setting open Prisons turning the Ladies out of the Court taking in new ones all the states acknowledging the King giving him a new name He is stiled Emperor the Courtiers call him Son of Heaven and pay him a respect more than Human 3. The reason the Ladies are turned out of Court is because many are old and the deceased may have had to do with the young and therefore the successor must not venture coming where he has been beautiful Maids are sought for this purpose all over the Kingdom and the Fathers strive to marry them off that they may not be carryed to Court 4. The Women turned out are all sold at the Pallace Gaâ—… to the best bidders who take them for 〈◊〉 none but mean People buy them their Faces and hands are covered and the buyer sees them not till he carries them home and takes them for better for worse 5. There are about 3000 of these Women who live in four Pallaces one King tired with choosing was drawn in a Chariot by Goats and wherever they stopped he took up another chose by the Pictures of the beautifullest 6. Formerly the Kings were more familiar with their subjects and visited the Kingdom giving publick Audience this custom decayed by degrees and the common way of doing business is by petition but still the King gives
came to Portugal in order to pass into India in the Year 1540 and the Reign of King Iohn the Third who sent for him and a Companion from Rome He had the Dignity of Apostolical Nuncio in the East and during the Voyage and in India was called Holy Father He Preached in the Island Zocotora at Goa and Travancor where he was persecuted It cost him no less Pains to reclaim the Portugueses debauched with the Riches of Asia than to convert Infidels In the Island Ceylon he Converted the King of Candea went thence to the Moluco's and gained many Souls After several times traversing the Islands India and other Parts he went to Iapan and with the Prince's leave Preached at Cangoxima and suffered many Afflictions then went to Firando Yamanguchi and Miaco where with great pains he planted the Faith Then he returned to Malaca after converting the King of Bungo who soon after died a Christian being called Francis in Baptism 8. Next he prepared to go into China and died at the Entrance of it in the Island Sancham in the Fifty-fifth Year of his Age and the Eleventh of his Preaching having first foretold the Day of his Death which was the second of December about midnight His Body the Year following was translated to Goa He had the Gift of Languages and Prophecy and was Canonized by Pope Gregory the 15th in the Year 1622. He had many Disciples and Companions who wrought and endured much and were held in opinion of sanctity 9. We have already spoke of the first entrance of Christianity into Ethiopia India Iapan Persia and Arabia and of its restauration by the Portugueses now we will say somewhat relating to the same in China there are still undeniable testimonies that St. Thomas spread the Evangelical Doctrine there and though no footsteps of it appeared the same had happened in all India had not Thomas called Cananeus an Armenian Christian about the Year 800 come to Mogodover or Patana who renewing the Apostles Churches and building others resettled the Christian Religion and gave occasion to the mistake because both had the same name in believing they were all the work of the sormer The same happened in China as shall be made appear the time Christianity was forgot in both places differs not much for as it appears Thomas-Cananeus re-established it in India about the Year Eight hundred so it is plain by what shall be said that about the Year Seven hundred it began again to take footing in China 10. Let us first speak of the antient and then of the modern testimonies In the Caldaick Books of the Indian Christians still remaining at Cranganor and particularly in a breviary there is a lesson to this purpose By St. Thomas the Errors of the Idolatry of India were abolished by St. Thomas the Chineses and Ethiopians were converted to the Truth by St. Thomas c. by St. Thomas were spread in all India the rays of the Doctrine of Life by St. Thomas flew to the Chineses the Kingdom of Heaven And again in an Antiphon the Indians Chineses the Persians and Islanders those of Siria Armenia Grecia and Romania in commemoration of St. Thomas offer adoration to thy Holy Name Among the Islanders may well be reckoned the Iaponeses in the summary of the Synodical Constitutions and Chapter of those that are Canonical there is a Canon of the Patriarch Theodosius in which are these words So also the Bishops of the great Province as are most of the Metropolitans of China When the Portugueses entered India the Governor of the Malabar Mountains called Iacoh stiled himself Metropolitan of India and China Paulus Venetus a true Historian in all points that can now be proved assures in his time there were in China many Christians who had sumptuous Churches and names the Cities in which they were The Fathers of the Society of Jesus had an account of People who worshipped the Cross. The cause why the Christians and their Churches were quite extinct and no footsteps of them remains is that they having favoured the Tartar when he invaded China about Three hundred Years since he being overcome by the Chineses many of them were killed the rest fled and all that had been theirs was totally extirpated 11. In the Year 1625 digging for a foundation near Siganfu Metropolis of the Province of Xensi there was found a flat stone above 9 spans in length 4 in breadth and one in thickness one end of it goes off sharp like a Pyramid on it is cut a Cross the ends of it adorned with Flower de luces like that found in the Tomb of St. Thomas the Apostle about it are Clouds and at the foot of it three lines each containing three Chinese Letters all the superficies of the stone is full of those Characters and the edges only that on these are some Sirian Characters containing the names of the Bishops then in being The Governor of the Town set it up there under an Arch within the inclosure of a Temple The three first lines have these words A Monument in Praise and Eternal Memory of the propogating the law of light and Truth come from Iudea into China Then over the rest of the writing is this Title the Prologue made by the Priest of the Kingdom of Iudea called Quimein 12. The Substance of the Inscription is this That the most Spiritual Incomprehensible and Eternal is without beginning or end That the beginning is three and one without having a beginning Lord Olooyu That he formed the four Parts of the World in the figure of a Cross That he framed all Creatures and Man That Man perverted from his Innocence fell into the Snares of Satan That hence sprang Three hnndred sixty five Sects That some assigned Divinity to Creatures and others believed all was a meer nothing That all was full of Errors and Confusion That then the Messiah concealing his Majesty by becoming Man appeared to the World That an Angel coming to declare the Mystery to a Virgin she brought forth the Holy That a Star appeared denoting his Birth and those of the Kingdom of Pozu went to offer him Tribute all suitable to what the Twenty-four Saints had said That he proposed to the World the most pure Law and filled it with Light and Virtues opening the way to Life and shutting that of Death That he overcame the dark Seat and the Devil was destroyed and Man made capable of ascending to the bright Seats That at noon Day he ascended into Heaven and there remained Twenty-seven Books of the Holy Scriptures That he opened the Gate of Conversion by the Water that purifies That his Ministers used the Holy Cross and stayed not in one Country nor had Servants nor looked for Riches That they seven times offered Sacrifice of sweet Odor wherewith they helped the living and dead That every seven Days they offered and purified the Heart to receive the Holy Innocence That no proper Name could be given to the true Law and
Noronha from the Year 1564 till 1568 in the Reign of King Sebastian p. 241 CHAP. II. Continues the Government of D. Anton. de Noronha 245 CHAP. III. Continues the Government of D. Anton. de Noronha in the Reign of King Sebastian p. 253 CHAP. IV. The End of the Government of the Vice-Roy D. Anton. de Noronha p. 260 CHAP. V. The Government of the Vice-Roy D. Luis de Ataide Count de Atouguia from the Year 1568 till 1571 in the Reign of King Sebastian p. 267 CHAP. VI. Continues the Government of the Vice-Roy D. Luis de Ataide p. 273 CHAP. VII The dangerous Sieges of Goa and Chaul and first of the foremost continuing the Government of D. Luis de Ataide and Reign of King Sebastian p 281 CHAP. VIII Continues the Siege of Goa and Government of D. Luis de Ataide p. 289 CHAP. IX The Siege of Chaul p. 296 CHAP. X. Continues the Siege of Chaul p. 304 CHAP. XI The Proceedings â—…f Zamori upon this Occasion and during the Government of D. Luis de Ataide p. 313 CHAP. XII The Government of the Vice-Roy D. Antony de Noronha from the Year 1571 till 1573 in the Reign of King Sebastian p. 319 CHAP. XIII The Siege of Malaca with other Occurrences and End of the Government of D. Antony de Noronha p. 325 CHAP. XIV The Government of Antony Moniz Barreto from the Year 1573 till 1576 in the Reign of King Sebastian p. 3â—… CHAP. XV. The Government of Francis Barreto in Monomotapa beginning in the Year 1569 in the Reign of King Sebastian p. 34â—… CHAP. XVI Continues the Government of Francis Barreto in Monomotapa p. 349 CHAP. XVII The Government of Vasco Fernandez Homem in Monomotapa in the Reign of King Sebastian p. 354 CHAP. XVIII Of the Vice-Roy Ruy Lorenzo de Tavors and the Government of D. James de Meneses from the Year 1576 till 1578 in the Reign of King Sebastian p. 358 CHAP. XIX The Count D. Luis de Ataide is the second time Vice-Roy of India he set out in the Year 1577 and Governs till 1581 and is the last sent out by King Sebastian p. 361 CHAP. XX. The Government of Ferdinand Tellez de Meneses who was named by the Governours of Portugal upon the Decease of the Cardinal King Henry in the Year 1581 p. 367 TOM II. PART IV. CHAP. I. OF the Gods Superstitions and Opinions of the Asiaticks particularly the Indians and among them the Malabars â—…5 CHAP. II. The Metamorphoses or Transformations p. 383 CHAP. III. Other Metamorphoses and the Consequences of them of the God Brama and the Foundation of Pagods an Account of the famousest of them p. 387 CHAP IV. A Continuation of the same Matter p. 392 CHAP. V. Of the Offices 〈◊〉 Ceremoies Bâ—…rials and other things p. 398 CHAP. VI. Continues the same Sâ—…ct p. 405 CHAP. VII Of the Empire of Aethiopia and first of the Kingdoms and Provinces into which it is divided of the progress of Christianity therein and of the Product of the Land p. 4â—…2 CHAP. VIII Of â—…he Laws Customs and Religion of the Empire of Ethiopia p. 421 CHAP. IX Of â—…he Nature of the Country of Ethiopia of its Towns and Kings it has had and of the entrance and expulsion of our Doctrine p. 431 CHAP. X. The Islands of Japan p. 435 CHAP. XI A further Account of Japan 441 CHAP. XII Of the Great Empire of China and first of its Situation division into Provinces of its Product Arâ—…s â—…nd Commerce p. 448 CHAP. XIII Of the Provinces into which China is divided p. 453 CHAP. XIV Of the People of China their Câ—…stoms Inclinations and Studies p. 463 CHAP. XV. A Continuation of the same Subject p. 472 CHAP. XVI Of the Marriages Burials Ceremonies Sacrifices and Belief of the Chineses p. 481 CHAP. XVII Of the Original of the Kingdom of China the Palace and Government of it p. 490 CHAP. XVIII Of the Royal Marriages Nobility Counsels and Government of China in Peace and War p. 494 CHAP. XIX The Division of the Dominions the Portugueses do or have possessed in those Parts commonly comprehended under the General Name of India Some Remarks on the Customs and Religion of those People with some Account of the Christians of St. Thomas and of the Island of Ceylon p. 499 CHAP. XX. Of the Memory there is of the Preaching the Gospel of Christ in all Asia and its Islands particularly by the Apostle Saint Thomas in those Parts mentioned in this History and of the Extirpation and Reparation of the same p. 513 THE Portugues ASIA TOM II. PART I. CHAP. I. The Government of the Vice-Roy D. Garcia de Noronha from the Year 1538 till the Year 1540 in the Reign of King John the Third 1. IN the Month of November D. Garcia de Noronha the Vice-Roy began to take upon him the Administration of Affairs in India He had set out of Lisbon with 12 Sail and Arrived with 11 and in them three Thousand fighting Men many of Note One of the Ships was never heard of which was esteemed a Judgment because it was full of Malefactors taken out of Gaols whose Punishment was changed into Transportation 2. Though this Fleet was fitted out chiefly to oppose the Turks who now oppressed India yet the Vice-Roy suffered them to batter Diu without relieving it farther than with the hopes of Relief Antony de Sylva Meneses was the second that was sent thither with 24 small Vessels and came late yet contended with the Great Antony de Silveyra for the Honour of that Victory So much he valued having been only a Witness of it The Vice-Roy was ready to Sail for Diu with a Fleet of 160 Sail of several sorts and in them five Thousand fighting Men and a 1000 Pieces of Cannon when the Advice came that the Turks had raised the Siege He was overjoy'd it is not known for what and discharging the Merchant-Ships that were ready to attend him retained Ninety With these he set out for Diu but sailed so slowly that it appeared as if some ill Omen threatned his ruin there since he avoided not only seeing of it in danger but even now in Peace It s quiet was disturbed by Lurcan and Coje Zofar who ranged about with Fire and Sword The Vice-Roy heard of this at Dabul and sent against them Martin Alfonso de Melo with his Galley and the Vessels that went with Antony de Sylva He went but being hard set by the Enemy was forced to take shelter under the Fort. The Vice-Roy at the same slow rate removed to Bacaim nothing moved with the News he received from Diu. It was murmured he either consulted his Safety or his private Interest But when least expected he Steered thither on the first of Ianuary when a Storm rising which lasted eight days dispersed the Fleet into several Ports two Gallies and some other Vessels perished 3. The first thing the Vice-Roy attended to was to hear D. Gonzalo Vaz Confino who came
with five small Vessels from Onor whither he had been sent by the late Governor Nuno de Cuna upon this occasion One of Solyman's Gallies that had been at Diu was forcod into that Port and 't was thought that Queen then a Widow violated the Peace concluded with us by protecting it Gonçalo Vaz calling her to account she Answered The Gally was there against her Will she not being in a condition to binder it but should be glad it were taken by our Vessels The Captain attempted it and after a sharp Engagement was forced to desist having lost 15 Men and among them his Son Iames. He suspected the Queen had assisted the Enemy and refusing some Refreshment she sent for the wounded Men returned some rash Words mixed with Threats The Queen cleared her self and again offered Peace which was concluded and some Portugueses left in that Port to observe what the Queen did towards expelling the Turks 4. We will conclude this Year with the memory of the Arrival of six Ships at Lisbon from India rather for the Bones than the Riches they carried In one of them was the Body of the Great D. Vasco de Gama which the King caused to be laid in his Tomb with the greatest Magnificence that has been seen in this Kingdom 5. This Year Peter de Faria the second time was made Commander of the famous Fort of Malaca Immediately resorted to him Embassadors from the Neighbouring Kings to congratulate and confirm Peace with us The first was of the Bataas in Sumatra upon the Ocean where the Island of Gold was imagined to be and which we earnestly desired to discover but that Design being later we will then speak of this Embassy The second was of Aaru in Sumatra both demanded Assistance against him of Achem. Faria had not yet taken possession of the Command which still D. Stephen de Gama held for a few Weeks One excused himself because his Power was expiring the other because he had not yet commenced Whereas both ought to joyn in relieving that King as well because his Fidelity merited it as because his Kingdom lay between Malaca and Achem and served us for a Bulwark Gama was most in fault being in possession and much pressed by Faria to grant it But we shall soon see him more blameable refusing then what he now urged should be granted Such the Inconstancy of Man 6. Afterwards Peter de Faria sent that King some Relief but it was inconsiderable and came late The King of Achem sent against him his Brother-in-Law Heredim Mahomet with 160 Vessels all of Oars and 12000 Fighting Men. He from the Mouth of the River Puneticam battered Aaru's Fortifications but to no effect so he Landed and entred the Works But was again beaten out with loss of Men and Canon The Besiegers persisting some days lose 3000 Men. They bribe an Officer of the Besieged who treacherously led the King to a dangerous place where he was killed by a Musquet-Ball The Enemy enters the Works and putting all even the Sick to the Sword flew 2000. The Body of the dead King was carried to Him of Achem who caused it to be cut in pieces and boiled in Oil. 7. The Queen of Aaru who was in a Wood hearing the Death of her Husband would have burnt her self alive but being hindred with about 300 Men fell upon the Achems who were plundering the City and slew 200. Being too weak to proceed she returned to the Woods and from thence made Excursions but not able to hold out went over to Malaca with about 600 persons in her Retinue in 16 Vessels Peter de Faria sent his Son Alvaro who had the Command of the Sea to receive her upon the River with pomp and grandeur 8. Faria treated her with much Respect but kept her four Months with only Promises of Succour till she Despairing publickly reproached him for this Neglect and he without any regard gave no other Answer than Turning his Back Private Interest drew away the Commander from the performance of what he owed to a Royal Matron who for her Husbands sake deserved our Aid for her Misfortunes our Pity and for her Merit Respect 9. The afflicted Widow went to the King of Ujantana then at Bintam who scandalized at Peter de Faria's Proceedings offered Assistance and Married her to have the better Title to pretend to the Kingdom of Aaru He sent his Embassador to Achem to demand that Crown as his Right by Marriage The Tyrant would not hear the Embassador nor receive the Present he brought which is the greatest Affront among those Princes but sent a Letter full of Reproaches saying among other things His Letter had been writ upon the Wedding-Table 10. The King of Ujantana provoked by this Affront immediately set out 200 Sail under the Command of his Admiral Lacxemena who Anchored before the Fort of Puneticam and carried it at the first Assault killing 1400 Achems and their Commander Morat Arraez a Turk 11. By this time Heredim Mahomet was Sailing that way with such another Fleet and in it 12000 Fighting Men. The two Fleets met and after a sharp Engagement Heredim being killed by a Canon-Ball his Men dismayed and most of the Fleet was taken by Lacxemena most of the Achems slain and only 14 Vessels got off 12. The King of Achem caused the 14 Captains to be Beheaded because they fled and the Souldiers Beards to be cut off and that upon pain of being sawed alive they should ever wear Womens Habit with a sort of Tabor in their Hands and whenever they affirmed any thing upon Oath they should say As I hope to see my Husband safe or else As I hope to see the Children I have bore prosper This was put in Execution and let it not seem strange for in the time of King Sebastian two Gentlemen for Cowardise were Condemned either to be Beheaded or walk the City of Lisbon with a Spinning-Rock at their Girdle and one of them chose this last 13. But above 20 years after this in 1564 the King of Ujantana possessing Aaru without apprehension he of Achem furiously fell upon and took Him and his Women and put them all to death with barbarous Torments The Kingdom of Aaru he gave to his eldest Son who after died before Malaca as shall appear in its place CHAP. II. Continues the Government of the Vice Roy D. Garcia de Noronha 1. LEt us return to our Vice-Roy whom we left at Sea After the danger and loss above related he entred the Port of Diu with 50 Sail. He applauded as was due the Bravery of Antony de Silveyra repaired the Fort and delivered it to Iames Lopez de Sousa to whom the Command was given by the King Let it suffice once for all to note That these Commands are always given by the King and so many Successors named that many of them are in their Graves before they succeed in the Post. A Treaty of Peace was set on foot and
Horse and about 400 Blacks Hearing the Enemy was lodged in the Village Baylam two Leagues up the Country he resolved to surprize him at Noon when they use to Bathe Half a League from the place he halted to Rest the Men and the Enemy having Intelligence thereof came on with such diligence and secrecy that they had put them to the Sword had not Ferdinand de Silva who led the Van with much Bravery given a check to their Fury Antony de Sotomayor relieved him already wounded in the Leg was himself wounded and lost some Men but did great Execution This gave Tavora time to make ready whose furious coming up made great havock Our Men turning Back to Back and facing the Enemy round did Wonders Ruy Lorenço with his Horse ranging about did them great harm till falling on their Flank many were slain the rest fled without hopes 4. Next he resolved to take a Great Ship of Bramaluco's that was newly finished in the Dock of Agaçaim He marched thither by Land and D. Luis de Ataide went by Water The latter by force of Arms made his way to the City at such time as the other was reducing it to Ruins breaking through a Multitude of Enemies who endeavoured to stop his Fury each of them lost six Men. D. Luis Landed and both together cleared the Field unpeopled the City and then set Fire to it The Ship was carried to the Port of Baçaim and for many years Traded to Lisbon Bramaluco sued for Peace and he being a suspected Subject of Cambaya our Governour treated with that King and by this means secured the former Peace and obtained a Grant of half the Customs whereof only the Third part was offered before 5. Let us now return to the Fleet in which the Governour was to sail His great Liberality brought him more Men than he desired whereof he chose the best The Fleet consisted of 80 Sail of sundry sorts and sizes and carried two Thousand Men. 6. While this Fleet was fitting the King of Achem falling upon the King of the Bataas unexpectedly made a great slaughter of his People killing among the rest three Sons he rather adored than loved The King desirous of Revenge sent his Brother-in-Law Embassadour to Peter de Faria then Commanding at Malaca The Embassy was to confirm the Peace before concluded and desire assistance of Arms and Ammunition and the better to obtain it sent him a rich Present and offered a free Trade in his Dominions which abound in Gold Pepper Benjamin and Camphir Faria who was intent upon Profit as well as his King's Service plentifully supplied him with Arms and Ammunition offering his utmost assistance and entertaining the Embassadour with splendour The King of Bataa attacked his Enemy with Resolution but was beaten after having almost gained the Victory and retired with great Grief to his City Panaaju Here he dispatched Pinto sent thither by Faria to Trade who narrowly escaped being lost in the River Parles of the Kingdom of Queda by reason of the Revolution had then hapned in the City of that Name the Court of that Prince who had murdered his Father and married his own Mother The first he denyed and pretended he had done the latter in Honour to her having refused many considerable Matches Pinto brought News of the Island del Oro or of Gold the great motive of his Voyage 7. But now our Governour enters the Red Sea with his Fleet. He found most of the Islands and Cities abandoned the People having had notice of his coming The chief Island was Maçua The principal City Suanquem in about 19 Degrees of North Latitude well built and rich The King who was fled a League up the Country entertained the Governour with shews of Peace that he might not destroy the Island But the greatest damage was that hereby he prevented the burning the Ships at Suez gaining so much time as carried thither the News of this Design The Governour in Revenge marched with his Brother D. Christopher and 1000 Men made a great slaughter was Master of the Field and took a great Booty Then turning to the City it was plundered and private Men got four or five thousand Ducats each then it was burnt to the ground The Waters being shoal the Governour resolved to go over to Alcoçer and other places with only sixteen Catures or Barges the rest of the Fleet he sent to Maçua under the Command of Lionel de Lima. There was a great dispute about who should go with D. Stephen and he had much difficulty to compose it They set out of the Bay for this Reason called De los Agraviados or Of the Offended Many Gentlemen went in the Barges as private Souldiers accepting any place so they were admitted such was their desire to be in this Action The number of Men was Two hundred and fifty At Alconçer which is in the Latitude of 25 Degrees they did the same as had been done before at Suanquem Crossing over to Tor or Toro they took some Vessels of the Enemy The Turks at first opposed the Landing but some being slain fled and abandoned the City in which nothing of Value was found The Governour would not burn it in reverence of St. Catharine and a Monastery found there with Religious Men under her Invocation which at their Instance he visited To his great glory he was the first European Commander that took that City where he Knighted several who held this Honour done them there in great esteem and it was afterwards envied by the Great Emperour Charles the Fifth as shall appear in its place Our People and those Religious testified great Regret at parting They are of the Greek Church and of the Order of St. Basil. The City is in the Latitude of 28 Degrees and is thought by Learned Geographers to be the ancient Elana 8. The Governour went over to Suez and after many brave Attempts made by several to sound and view the Harbour which all failed he resolved in Person and in open Day to discover the Gallies He saw them and desiring to do something considerable Landed the Enemies Shot flew from the Town and 2000 Turkish Horse broke out of an Ambush some few whereof were killed by our Canon but our Men obliged to Retire much grieved that this Voyage was disappointed The Governour returned to his Fleet at Maçua where he found the Severity of Emanuel de Gama had caused a Mutiny which gave occasion to 80 Men to run away with a Ship designing to go over to Ethiopia They were met by a Captain of the King of Zeila and after a vigorous Resistance most of them killed On a Gallows hung five whom Gama had Executed for concealing the design of the other 80 they at Execution summoned him to answer before the great Tribunal and he within a Month run Mad and died CHAP. IV. Goes on with the Government of D. Stephen de Gama 1. AT this time Grada Hamed King of the Country called
Inhabitants called them the Bearded People not but those People have Beards but theirs are short and thin ours then were at their full growth and some reached to the Waste By them the Captain was informed that River was formerly called Tauralachim that is Great Stock to express its Greatness it is deep for Eighty Leagues up to Moncalor then shallower and wide where is a Country for Eight days Journey Unpeopled by a multitude of Birds 40 years before the great Kingdom of the Chintaleuho's In the middle of it is the great Lake Cunabetee or Chiamay whence spring four great Rivers It is 180 Leagues in compass beset with Mines of Silver Copper Tin and Lead 8. Hence he directed his Course for the Island Hainan passed in sight of Champiloo in the Latitude of 13 Degrees and at the entrance of the Bay of Cochinchina Farther on he discovered the Promontory Pulocampas whence is seen the Point of Hainan Westward is a River up which Borrallo was sent in a small Vessel with 16 Men who discovered at least Two thousand Sail and a large Walled Town On their Return they saw a large Vessel at Anchor The Captain thinking it was Coja Hazem fell upon and took it But among the Prisoners he found an ancient Christian of Mount Sinai who told him it belonged to Quiay Tayjam a Pyrat who had killed above a Hundred Portugueses and now laid hid in the Fore-Castle with six or seven others who were all killed there In that Vessel were found 70000 Quintals or Hundred weight of Pepper much other Spice Ivory Tin Wax and Powder all valued at 60000 Crowns besides good Cannon Baggage and some Plate In the Hold were nine Children the biggest about nine years of Age loaded with Irons and starving with Hunger 9. Coasting along the Island Hainan he met some Fishers of Pearâ—… whom he used courteously They told him the Island belonged to the King of China Hence he went to the River Tanaâ—…quir where two great Vessels suddenly fell upon Faria both which after a long Dispute he took having killed 80 of their Men and lost 14 whereof one Portugues After a while they heard lamentable Cries in the Hold of one of those Vessels where they sound seventeen Prisoners two of them Portugueses One of which said those Vessels belonged to Necoda Xicaulem who after turning Christian at Malaca and marrying a Portugues had killed her and many more of her Country His Body being found was cut in pieces The Booty was valued at 50000 Crowns One of the Vessels was burnt for want of Men to sail it in both were seventeen Brass Guns most of them with the Arms of Portugal 10. He Anchored forty Leagues farther at C. Tilaumere where came up with our four Vessels four others in which was the Bride of a Noble young Man who had promised to meet her there with a like number of Ships and this mistake brought them to our Vessels Three of them were taken and in one of them the Bride Some Seamen were chose the rest set ashoar They came to Mutipinam and found it a most convenient place to sell their Prizes The Governour of the City somewhat obstructed the Sale so they were obliged to hasten it the Goods were paid for in Silver uncoyned and amounted to Two hundred thousand Crowns This was the beginning of the Year 1541. CHAP. VI. Continues the Exploits of Antony de Faria 1. ANtony de Faria sailed on in search of the Port of Madel in the Island Hainan and by the way took some Prizes Here he met Hinymilau a bold Pyrat and a great Enemy to Christians whom he delighted to put to cruel Deaths They had a bloody Fight with and at length took him He gave a bold Relation of the Cruelties he had exercised against the Portugueses and was therefore with four more immediately killed The Prize was valued at 70000 Ducats 2. This Action struck such a Terrour into many of those that were there in that River that they sent a Message to Faria offering him 30000 Crowns to take them into his Protection calling him King of those Seas and desiring of him Passes for their safe Trading therein He received the Mony and gave the Passes by only Writing of which in Twelve days time a Servant of his got 6000 Ducats The Governour of the City offered to make him Admiral of those Seas for the King of China with a Pension of 9000 Crowns if he would serve Such a Name had he already got in those parts 3. They run all along this Coast without any remarkable Occurrence only saw many though not large Towns and a very fruitful Country and were informed there were there Mines of Silver Tin Salt-Peter and Brimstone The Souldiers now weary of looking after the Pyrat Coja Hazem demanded their shares of the Prizes to be gone They agreed and directed their Course for the Kingdom of Siam By a furious Storm they were wrecked upon the Island De los Ladrones where of Five hundred Men only Eighty six got ashoar naked of these Twenty eight were Portugueses Here they were fifteen days almost without any thing to eat A Bird flying over them with a Fish dropt it and afterwards they saw many others that frighted at their Shouts let fall their Prey this and a Deer they found killed by a Tyger kept them awhile but some died with Want Being thus in despair because the Island was not Inhabited they discovered a small Vessel making to the shoar where they cast Anchor and presently Thirty Men landed some carried Wood and Water and others diverted themselves They were Chineses Our Men agreeing together upon a sign run furiously and possessed themselves of the Vessel and with the same swiftness put to Sea The Chineses were astonished at that unexpected Misfortune and our Men overjoyed finding in the Vessel good Provision and much Silk In the Barque they found only an Old man and a Child whose Father was left ashoar 4. Sailing for Liampo in Port Xamoy they took a Vessel of Chineses and went to the Island Luxitay where they stayed fifteen days went over to the great Vessel and Refitted the small one and then went on Upon the Coast of Lamau they discovered a great Vessel which as it came near began to fire Fifteen great Guns it carried but coming closer they discovered Crosses and Portugues Habits on both sides so they hailed each other and the Vessel appeared to belong to Quiay Panjau a Chinese and great Friend to the Portugueses whereof he had Thirty Souldiers aboard He came to Farias's Vessel and brought a present of Amber Pearls Gold and Silver worth Two thousand Ducats After other Discourse our Captain told him he was bound for Liampo to furnish himself with Necessaries in order to attempt the Mines of Quamjaparu where he was told he might get a Treasure Quiay Panjau offered to accompany him demanding for himself only the Third part of what should be taken which was agreed 5. At
The Victors cruelly run hewing those that had any Life left them which moved one to set fire to a quantity of Powder that was in one of the Queens Tents and blew up all that were about it 9. The King overjoyed that D. Christopher was taken caused him to be brought to his presence and said What would you have done with me had I been defeated He Answered I would cut off your Head and divide your Body and the Limbs should be set up in Publick places for a Terrour to other Tyrants The King caused him to be buffeted with his Slaves Buskins his Body to be bathed in melted Wax and his Beard wove with waxed Threads which were fired and he led through the Army Being brought back the King himself cut off his Head his Body was quartered and set upon Poles It is said Where the Head fell there gushed out a Spring the Water whereof drank cured many Diseases The same hour the Air being calm a Tree was tore out by the Roots in the Garden of certain Religious Men and afterwards the same Hour the Emperour having vanquished this Tyrant caused his Head to be struck off the Tree that was then dry re-planted it self in the same place and was covered with Leaves 10. Most of the Portugueses that were taken perished in Slavery or Dungeons Alfonso Chaldeira with Thirty followed the Queen Emanuel de Cuna with Forty got to Barnagasso and was well received Others followed the Patriarch they made up in all One hundred and thirty Whereof Ninety because Cuna with his Forty Men were too far off went to the Emperour who then drew near and very much lamented the slaughter of that Body and loss of such a Commander What those Portugueses did in the Service of that Prince afterwards does not belong to this place because the Affairs of India whence we have made a long digression call upon us CHAP. X. The End of the Government of D. Stephen de Gama 1. THe Governour D. Stephen perceiving the Ships from Portugal stayed long and guessing they were at Mozambique resolved to make use of the Merchandize they brought To this purpose he sent Luis de Mendez to Vasconcelos in a Galley to give Orders about it and to Advertize him Whether a Successor was sent him in those Ships He guessed not ill for Martin Alfonso de Sousa sent to succeed him with five Ships was detained at Mozambique by the Weather and a tedious Sickness 2. This Fleet was happy in that it brought over to India one of the first Fathers of the Society of Iesus as well in respect of Time as that he was one of the Chief in Piety and Virtue This was the Famous St. Francis Xaverius who laboured much and was very successful in converting those Infidels 3. St. Francis was the first that had in the East the Dignity of Apostolick Legate in all Asia But because we shall hereafter have occasion to touch upon his great Virtues and wonderful Actions let this suffice here as to the time of his coming 4. Most of them that enter upon the Government of India look upon it as no small happiness if they can send off their Predecessor with Disgrace and therefore endeavour to come upon them by way of surprize Martin Alfonso desiring to compass that commanded Leuis Mendez not to acquaint D. Stephen that he had found him at Mozambique But Mendez who was D. Stephens Kinsman and resolved to do his Duty sent a man to carry him Advice Martin Alfonso heard of it and imprisoned him He met with bad Weather in his Way to Goa and light upon Iames Suarez de Melo called the Gallego who flying a Sentence of Death he had incurred was passed to India and with 120 Men in two Vessels was become a Pyrat Him Martin Alfonso received and pardoned because he pretended he could say much against D. Stephen Much he might have said that was honourable very little to his Discredit What ought to have procured him severer Punishment was the cause of his favourable Reception Let us remember this Suarez endeavouring to Rise more than was due to him by these hellish Contrivances and we shall hereafter see him rise to the highest pitch and then cast down to the depth of Misery 5. Martin Alfonso de Sousa being come to an Anchor in the Port of Goa sent Advice of his Arrival to D. Stephen at a very unseasonable Hour being the dead of Night and that in such manner as well signified the Ill-will he bore him Which obliged D. Stephen to send an Answer unworthy of them both and to make him a very uneasie Visit when he resigned up the Government to him Martin Alfonso sound nothing to lay to the Charge of D. Stephen as those desired who set him upon it for he being a Gentleman of much Honour could never desire it of himself 6. But whereas he ought to have checked himself finding nothing against him he grew the more obstinate For it is Natural to men in the wrong to persist and believe they take Wing when they are deepest stuck in the Mire He vented his Malice in allowing him the worst Conveniences for his Voyage and D. Stephen was so disgusted at these Proceedings that he never saw his Face after he resigned the Sword to him At length he Arrived in Portugal for his Enemies had no power on the Seas and Winds and was received with general Joy of the Court and with Favour by the King who offering him a Wife he refused her and thereupon as others for Accepting was put out of Favour He obtained leave and went to live at Venice for Portugal was always ready to despise or banish Great Men. The Emperour Charles the Fifth persuaded him to return to his Country assuring him of his Prince's Favour He returned and found none for Princes are more fixed in punishing a little omitted to please than in rewarding much done to serve them 7. This is what D. Stephen did in India this the Reward he had for Governing it well He was of a middle Stature thick and strong a thick Beard and black Hair his Complexion ruddy He was very Liberal and not a little Positive but not without cause A great Horseman In the number of Governours the Twelfth first of the Name second of the Sirname and held it two years and a Month. He made an Inventory of what he was worth when he entred upon the Government and so when he left it and was found 40000 Crowns the worse the full Value having been 200000. On his Tomb is only this Epitaph HE THAT MADE KNIGHTS ON MOUNT SINAI ENDED HERE So much did he value the Honour of that Action and not without Reason CHAP. XI The Government of Martin Alfonso de Sousa from the Year 1542 till the Year 1545 in the Reign of King JOHN the Third 1. THis Chapter must begin with what hapned in the time of both Governours one ending and the other commencing Homaum Paxa King of
him in hand till the time came he must go to Cochin This Artifice was soon disappointed for he Landed with Twelve hundred Men in two Battalions the Command of one he gave to Ferdinand de Sousa and Tavora and ordered Twenty light Vessels to go up the River and attack the City by Sea The Governour marching through a Wood was met by a Body of Musqueteers Our Men made no halt but drove them before to the Gates and entred with them not without great opposition the Queen her self with much Bravery encouraging her Men. A Portugues Souldier being beset by Two hundred of the Enemy bravely defended himself till another envious of that Honour came up to him and both Back to Back kept their Ground at length a Party of our Men fell upon the Enemy and with great slaughter of them rescued the two 8. It was Night when our Men possessed themselves of the City In the Morning they not only plundered the Portugueses that were there but falling out about the Booty had such a Battle among themselves that all were hurt and none enriched The Enemy who perceived this from a Hill pours in a shower of Arrows the Governour Orders all to march to Revenge it but those who are grieved by the lessening their Pay Answer That the Gentlemen who are Rich may march for they only came to make up by Plunder what they are unjustly deprived of Garcia de Sa went out with a sew Lances and after some Retreats reciprocally on both sides almost all the Portugueses were put to shameful flight running to their Ships in such haste that some were drowned 9. The Governour hearing this run to them with Reproaches crying out He did not know them and thought they were not the same he left two years before in India This seemed a Reflection upon his Predecessor but they with as loud Voices undeceived him Answering That the Men were the same but the Governour was not that this was the fruit of lessening their Pay to give Gratuities to those who knew better how to beg than deserve them He retired to the Ships and resolved the next day to burn the City and destroy the Country The City run with the Blood of all Living Creatures of both Sexes and all Ages before it was burnt then the Country was laid waste and all the Woods cut down This caused such a general Terrour that whereas before throughout India it was commonly said Beware of Batecala they afterwards changed it to Beware of Martin Alfonso The Queen no longer able to resist submitted and purchased Peace with a heavier Subjection for generally they draw on themselves a greater burden who proudly throw off that they have 10. Martin Alfonso abhorred that so many Men quitting the Service turned Merchants to prevent this and considering the vast Frauds of the Custom-House at Malaca he sent new Orders thither He lowered the Customs of Strangers to invite them to Trade there and raised them to the Portugueses to lessen their desire of Trading thither The first succeeded well for the Customs after that amounted to much more than before The second took no effect Much of the same nature was what he did at Ormuz and therefore we will mention it in this place That King was in Arrears for Tribute Five hundred thousand Ducats which he refused not to pay but was not able for from Twelve thousand that Albuquerque at first imposed on him it was raised to almost One hundred thousand so that the King from a Tributary was become a Slave not having a competent Maintenance left him Martin Alfonso finding he was not able to pay the Debt proposed to him to make over the Customs for payment He to be rid of Oppression submitted and as before he was a King without a Revenue now he had some he seemed no King for the Custom-House is the support of that Crown No doubt it was a Judgment for the Wickednesses of the Portugueses in taking from that King what was his due that the Persians whose it had been should take it from them The oppressed King making Virtue of Necessity resigned his Crown with Praises of him that took it from him for the Instrument began with these vain Preambles I command all to obey this Supream Instrument that it may be understood that between me and my Lord meaning King Iohn the Third who in greatness reaches to Heaven and has Power over all the circumference of the Earth and in Grandeur is equal to the King of China Great King of Iustice as if any Justice were now done him Greatest of all Kings in the World Key of the Treasure that is on Earth that is Vertue and Nobility of whom is learnt the Wisdom of Reigning brightness of the Sea of Kingdoms c. Could any man wronged flatter him that injured him more It is certain He who gave the Praises deserved them better than he that received them CHAP. XII Continues the Government of Martin Alfonso de Sousa 1. ABout the End of this Year arrived in India four Ships from Portugal another came out with them but was put back At the same time D. George Commander of Ternate was at Variance with the Spaniards who under Ruy Lopez de Villalobos had invaded the Portugues Bounds Villalobos was at Zagala a Town of Camafo inhabited by Renegado Christians and from thence held Correspondence with the King of Gilolo D. George protested against him for intruding into what he had no right to according to the late Capitulations He sometimes Answered He was forced thither by Storm Otherwhiles That he was within the Limits of Spain D. George sent Iayme Lobo with 50 Men in two Galiots believing this a sufficient Force because the Spaniards were spent with Misfortunes He had Orders to assist Geliato de Gomo Conora who besieged a Fort of his own that was in Rebellion Iamye went to Momoya where he gathered many of the Natives then Christians and passed over in Parao's which Landing they took up and carried about half a League to a Lake there launched them again anâ—… wasted over to the Fort Geliato besieged The Enemy seeing the Portugues Relief offered to Capitulate but the Portuguess covetous of Plunder refused The Morning appearing they could not Land but man by man and that in several places which the besieged perceiving fell upon those who were ashoar and with considerable damage forced them back to their Vessels The Enemy had Hooks hanging at their Arms one stuck in the Face of a Souldier which drew him along till another came and with his Dagger cut it out D. Geâ—…rge sent 30 Men to the Relief of these who found near the Lake three Portugueses set upon Poles Iayme returns to the Fort which the besieged abandoned and it was dismantled 2. Being able to do nothing against the Spaniards he returned to Ternate Villalobos went over to Gilolo was well received by the King fortified himself and sent a Messenger to D. George to tell him He
was within the Spanish Bounds and demand restitution of the Artillery he had taken and the Spaniards that were with him D. George granted the last and sent Advice to Goa and Portugal Villalobos dexterously began to draw near and plant himself in Tidore 3. Iordan de Freitas set out from Goa in April to succeed D. George in that Command and take possession of the Island Amboyna whereof he had a Grant from Tabarija King of Ternate wâ—…o had been unjustly sent Prisoner to Goa by Tristan de Atayde was there Baptized and now sent back by the Governour Martin Alfonso to be restored to his Crown Freyâ—…as being come to Malaca and considering that King would not be easily admitted by his Subjects for having changed his Religion left him there designing to take his Brother which would make his Re inthronement the more easie At Ternate D. George delivered him the Fort he Treated with Villalobos and they agreed upon a Truce for eight Months in which time they might consult their Superiours and during this time there was to be no Correspondence between them The Spaniards fell out among themselves in such manner that many of them went over to the Portugueses at Ternate F. Hierome of St. Stephen Confessor to Villalobos affirmed He was Excommunicated for entring the Portugues Limits but he remained obstinate 4. Freytas sent along with D. George who was going to Goa Aeiro the present King to make room for him he had left at Malaca not knowing he was since dead and had made the King of Portugal his Heir His Mother and Father-in-Law who had been with him went to Ternate with Ferdinand de Sousa who carried Relieâ—… to that Fort. Freytas received them in Mourning and then took possession of the Kingdom the Government whereof he committed to the Father-in-Law and Mother till other Orders came from Portugal Afterwards the Governour D. Iohn de Castro sent back Aeiro with the Title of KING to prevent the Disorders that happen by many Heads This last belongs to the Year 1545 but I insert it here not to break the Series of these Affairs 5. About this time in Ethiopia the Emperour marched against the King of Adel or Zeila He was followed by the Portugueses who escaped the former Defeat except 40 who were with Emanuel de Cuna in Barnagasso who being sent for could not come time enough Those with the Emperour were Ninety by whose Advice he marched towards the Enemy giving them the Van of his Army for the great Opinion he had of their Valour In the Province Ambea at the Foot of the Mountain Oenadias they met Seven hundred Horse and Two thousand Foot led by a Captain of Zeila to joyn the King Fifty Portugues Horse advanced to attack them the formost Antony Cardosa who killed the Enemies Captain the first stroak of his Lance the others following his Example slew many when Barnagais first and then the Emperour coming up Charged furiously and killing Eight hundred put the rest to flight who went rather to terrifie the Tyrant with this Relation than Reinforce him 6. He was a League off with his Army in Battalia it consisted of two Bodies of Foot Three thousand Men in each he marched in the Front with Five hundred Horse The Emperour met him with the like Number and in the same Order The Portugueses who were the Forlorn of this Body Charged the Five hundred and slew many losing two The Emperour in person behaved himself bravely till the Enemies Horse fled to the Wings of their Army The King was wanting in nothing shewing his Son Ten years of Age to stir up his Men to fight The Fight was renewed and the Emperour in great danger but a Portugues shooting the King in the Belly killed him and his Horse carried him about hanging being tied to the Saddle Only a few Turks chose rather to dye than fly and made a great slaughter of Ethiopians Iohn Fernandez Page to the Unfortunate D. Christopher at two stroaks of his Lance killed the Turkish Commander In fine Few of the Enemy escaped by flight the King's Head was cut off and his Son made Prisoner The Emperour acknowledging how great a share the Portugueses had in this and the late Victories did them great Favours Cuna returned to Goa with 50 only the rest stayed and married with Women of the Country whose Progeny still continues there 7. At Goa the Governour heard the Complaints of the King of Ormuz brought hither by D. Pedro de Castellobranco by Order of Martin Alfonso de Melo Iusarte Commander of that Fort. The Kings Complaints against him were most just having been used as the meanest of Madmen whereas his Madness was no other than the Avarice of those would make him so They endeavoured all they could to hinder his Restauration but seeing him Re-inthroned they poysoned him and what caused his Imprisonment and was the cause of his death was not punished After this Injustice followed the Justice executed upon Hierome Diaz a Portugues Physician of Jewish extraction he was burnt for Heresie CHAP. XIII Continues the Government of Martin Alfonso de Sousa 1. ABout forty Leagues off to the Eastward of the Moluco Islands is that of Macaçar rich and plentiful of Rice Salt Fish Flesh Fruit and Grain and yields Sandal Wax Ivory and Gold The People hardy and good Seamen The Soil pleasant and well Watered and has good Towns and Villages Some Portugueses hearing the Cstristian Faith was received there went thither and among them Antony de Payva that went as a Merchant not a Preacher but proved more Preacher than Mercahnt He had before had some Discourse with one of the Kings of the Island about Religion who seemed well pleased therewith Returning now he arrived in the Kingdom of Supa and had so much Discourse with that King who was 70 years of Age that he was very near being Converted 2. However the King remained dubious and Payva sailing thence went to the Port of Sian the King whereof on account of the grateful Conference they had before received him with kindness The Discourse of Religion was renewed and Payva at large explained all Points to him and at the same time urged the absurdness of the Adoration of Idols 3. The Conference ended the Sky till then being serene there arose a Storm of Thunder Lightning and Rain which was esteemed as a Heavenly Confirmation of the Truth of what Payva had said and he laying hold of that advantage urged the King to embrace the Faith He was inclinable but his Subjects and the Moors that Traded there obstructed him He demanded time to Consider At this time arrives the King of Supa and hearing he of Sian had desired time said A work so good ought rather to be put in execution than delayed that he was only sorry for the Time he had lost but would attone by being the first and desired to be immediately Baptized All stood amazed and there being no Priest the Ancientest of
from the Year 1545 till the Year 1548 in the Reign of King JOHN the Third 1. ABOUT the latter end of August or beginning of September Arrived at Goa six Ships from Portugal Commanded by Don Iohn de Castro who went to Ease Martin Alfonso of the Government Immediately as is Customary in India Complaints were carried to the New Governour against the Old The chief the Crying-down the Value of Money which was immediately restored to its former Value This gave occasion to Martin Alfonso to go away dissatisfied and the other to remain so upon the manner of his Discontent falling out after having very well agreed These Governours and their Governments seem to resemble the Soul and Body which never part without great struglings 2. Don Iohn began his Government as is usual sending Commanders and Officers to several Forts and Towns Bernardin de Sousa went to succeed Iurdan de Freytas at Ternate carrying with him the King Aeiro to hold that Crown till other Orders came from Portugal it being left to our King by the deceased Tabarija as was said before Ferdinand de Sousa Tavora who was sent against the Spaniards Commanded by Villalobos reduced him to a necessity of surrendring himself and continuing at Ternate till the Season of sailing for India where he and his Men might either remain in the Portugues Service or return in their Ships to Europe This Difficulty surmounted Sousa resolved to take Revenge of Catabruno King of Gilolo for the Injuries he did the Portugueses and New Converts since he Tyrannically usurped the Crown killing his Lawful Sovereign 3. Sousa consulted his own Men and the new Guests who approved of his Resolution and Villalobos offered to bear him Company They made up Four hundred Spaniards and Portugueses and Fifteen hundred Ternatenses Coming to an Anchor in the Port they found the Tyrant ready to receive them well fortified and provided with Cannon The Christians began to batter them but received more damage than they did Sousa perceiving there was no way but by giving an Assault gave the first of the Attack to Iohn Galvan and Bernard de la Torre the first a Portugues the other a Spaniard who sticking in the Thorns the Tyrant had designedly strewed about and scarce able to move stood as a Mark to the Enemies Bullets and Arrows Catabruno Charges them with Three thousand Men. Sousa comes to their Relief and the Fight was desperate for both Spaniards and Portugueses did Wonders Night parted and Morning brought them together the Dispute was hot till Galvan being killed his Men were put in disorder all our Body came to their Relief and brought them off forcing the Enemy to retire to their Works Our Captain seeing no likelyhood of prevailing returned to Ternate whence he went to India with the Spaniards as had been Agreed only Villalobos excepted who died in the Fort. 4. Coje Zofar at Cambaya now his Princes Favourite kept a fair Correspondence with the Portugueses but with the natural Perfidiousness of a Moor. He persuaded the King a second time to endeavour the shaking off the Yoak of the Fort of Diu and to this effect drew together a great Number of Men yet had more hopes to succeed by Policy than strength He agreed with an Infamous Portugues called Ruy Freâ—…re to poyson the Cistern fire the Magazine and upon a Sign given admit him into the Fort. An Ethiopian a Turk and a Woman Slave discovered the Treachery Coje Zofar was astonished to see his Design discovered and began to Complement D. Iohn Mascarenhas Commander of the Fort pleading That the Cause of breaking the Peace had been because they obstructed building that Wall which D. Garcia de Noronha had so weakly allowed and Emanuel de Sousa had couragiously beat down Coje Zofar dissembled while he gathered a great Power and D. Iohn perceiving the Danger that threatned him prepared to meet it and gave Advice thereof to the Governour and Neighbouring Commanders 5. A considerable number of Men was already drawn together in the City Diu and among them Five hundred Turks sent from Mecha by the King of Zibit D. Iohn assigned every Man his Post and placed an Officer with 30 Men in each of the four Bastions his Lieutenant over the Gate with Twenty another with the like Number in a small Work reserving Fifty for himself to be wherever the greatest Danger called This was the Number of Men he had and thus ordered when Coje Zofar came on with all his Power resolving to attack the Bastion of the Sea with three Castles built upon a Ship of prodigious bigness well stored with Cannon to batter the Wall Within the Castles were Two hundred Turks who were to distract the Desendants by pouring in continually all sorts of Artificial Fire-works This Design succeeded not for our Commander having notice of it sent Iacome Leite to burn that Ship He took twenty Men in two Vessels and though he set out by Night was discovered yet did not desist but couragiously went on and set fire to it then retiring saw a great part of it fly into the Air with most of the Turks the Remainder casting such a Flame as at a distance discovered the Enemies Army running in Batalions to quench the Fire Iacome seeing them in Clusters let fly his Cannon and killed many of them In this Action he had seven Men wounded He went on to the Mouth of the River and took from the Enemy some Vessels of Provision with which he returned to the Fort much admired of all 6. Coje Zofar began to build the Wall that had been before beat down which could not be hindred though our Cannon killed many of the Workmen but was brought to such perfection that he planted â—…hereon Sixty great Cannon besides many small and one of such extraordinary bigness that it shook the whole Island and made pieces of the Fort fly it was managed by an expert French Renegado At this time arrived D. Ferdinand de Castro Son to the Governour sent by him with some Relief of Men. Mascarenhas wanted some Intelligence from the Enemies Camp Iames de Anaya Coutino a Gentleman of Note and Man of great strength knowing of it at Night putting a Helmet on his Head with a Sword by his side and Spear in his Hand let himself down the Wall and lying close at some distance from the Fort discovered two Moors who being come up to him he killed the one with the Spear and taking up the other in his Arms run with him to the Gate of the Fort and calling threw him in to the great admiration of those that beheld it This was much but what follows is more He had borrowed the Helmet he carried and promised on the word of a Gentleman to restore it or dye In this Scuffle it fell off and he mist it not till the Owner asked for it He said nothing but letting himself off the Wall again went to look for found and restored it Nothing
that he might not see his Prince's Colours dragged and ours flying and among them Six hundred Prisoners in Chains In the Front the Cannon and all other sorts of Arms in Carts very delightful to behold The Governour walked upon Leaves of Gold and Silver and rich Silks The Ladies from the Windows sprinckled him with sweet Water and threw Flowers on him Our Queen Catherine hearing the Relation of his Victory and Triumph said D. John had Overcome like a Christian and Triumphed like a Heathen CHAP. IV. Continues the Government of D. John de Castro and Reign of King JOHN the Third 1. SCarce was the Triumph over when the Governour sent Iames de Almeyda Freyre with One hundred and twenty Horse Eight hundred Foot and a Thousand Indians to drive out of the Lands of Salsete and Bardes some Troops sent to Hidalcan to possess themselves of them because the Conditions upon which he delivered them were not performed The Enemy appeared at Cowlij to the number of Four thousand who fled at the News of our approach So the Lands were recovered without drawing Sword Hidalcan sent the same Troops again with Nine thousand more and a Company of Renegado Portugueses Commanded by Gonzalo Vaz Coutino who flying the punishment of his Crimes defended himself by committing greater Iames de Almeyda marched again with the same Force as before but being too weak was forced to quit what before he had regained The Governour marched in Person with Three thousand Men in five Batalions Francis de Melo joyned them with about Fifteen hundred The Enemy hearing of it though so numerous retired to the Fort of Ponda Our Army followed and D. Alvaro de Castro who led the Van took a Ford defended by Two thousand Musqueteers The other twelve or thirteen Thousand were drawn up in good Order about the Fort but fled after receiving our first Fire leaving the Fort so clear it appeared they had no design to maintain it 2. The Victor never wants Friends Cidoça King of Canara sent to Congratulate D. Iohn de Castro upon this Victory He proposed a New League with Portugal which was concluded upon Honourable Terms as always happen to those who are sent to This Kingdom of Charnataca corruptly Canara had no Sovereign Prince till the Year of Grace 1200. It began then in Boca a Shepherd who stiled himself Rao that is Emperour a Title that contiued in all his Successors This King as a Memorial of the Defeat given to the King of Delij built the famous City Visajanagar corruptly also called Bisnagar The Crown continued in his Line till usurped by Narsinga from whom this Kingdom took that Name as also that of Bisnagar from the City Afterwards King Melique sent also to ratifie and confirm the Peace with us rather through Hatred to him was defeated than Love to the Conquerours 3. D. George de Meneses who was left in the Sea of Cambaya with six Ships was informed that Madremaluco Son-in-Law to Coje Zofar and Lord of Baroche was gone from thence with all the Garrison Baroche is a City seated in the highest part of those Plains encompassed with a strong Wall very populous and well built Meneses marched by Night and at Break of Day had entred the Houses killing many asleep and the others as they awaked Such as escaped with the Fright they knew not whither they ran leaving Wives and Children behind only to save their own Lives The City could not be maintained and therefore was plundered and burnt and the Cannon that could not be carried Aboard were burst To D. George's Sirname was added that of Baroche 4. The Governour was informed the King of Cambaya would come upon Diu with a greater Power than before and with all diligence prepared to relieve it The City of Goa advanced Mony for this Enterprize and the Women again sent him their Jewels by their little Daughters complaining he had not made use of them the last time and desiring he would now But he sent them back with Presents The Fleet consisted of 160 Sail. 5. They sailed to Baçaim and thence to Suratt where D. Alvaro who set out eight days before had taken a Work killed some Moors and got Cannon Next they entred the Port of Baroche whence they discovered the King of Cambaya covering the Plain with 150000 Men and 80 Cannon in the Front the Army made a Semicircle and covered a League of Ground D. Iohn boldly leaped ashoar not only to shew he feared him not but with design to fight him The most Experienced Officers dissuaded him representing it was a rashness for 3000 to attack 150000 that it was enough that he had Landed and drawn off with as much leisure as if Victorious He was forced against his Will to submit to the Advice of his Elders He went on to Diu and giving the Command of that Fort to Luis Falcam because D. Iohn Mascarenas was returning to Portugal he run like an inundation along the Coast of Por and Mongalor The beautiful and strong Cities of Pate and Patane were abandoned by the Inhabitants and by us destroyed near Two hundred Vessels burnt in their Ports and a rich Booty taken The same hapned to Dabul but with some opposition This was done in revenge for Hidalcan's ravaging the Lands of Salsete and Bardes 6. Calabatecan his General had lately possessed those Lands with Twenty thousand Men. The Governour went to meet them with Fifteen hundred Horse and Four thousand Foot but the Enemy scarce heard them when they fled to the Mountains of Cowlij leaving their Tents and Baggage for haste Our Army rested and at Break of Day marched to give a good Morrow to Calabatecan who slept not but came down with Two thousand Horse to maintain the Ford. But Almeyda passing with a few Horse struck him down with his Lance yet he rising nimbly had killed our Captain with his Cimiter had not his Page again cast him down with a stroak of a Lance. He again rose and was again beat down by Almeyda and cut to pieces His Arms Horse and Furniture were of such value that the share of George Madera one of those that killed him being the Cimiter Dagger Chain and Rings were worth Eight thousand Crowns The Moors and Christians fell to it desperately but the former knowing their General was killed soon fled losing almost Three thousand Men. 7. Soon after the Governour marched to the Coast where he left neither Town Wood nor Flock or Herd of Cattle that could be seen but what he destroyed with Fire and Sword He was so pleased with this Success that he entred Goa in manner of Triumph giving the best share of it to his Son D. Alvaro These were rather demonstrations of Joy than Triumphs if otherwise the Triumphs were too many 8. Sometime before F. Antony del Padron the first Commissary of St. Francis in India with some Companions had entred into the Island Ceylon and Preaching had wrought no small effect along the Coast.
F. Pascalis was so well received by the King Iavira Pandar of Candea that desiring to become a Christian he was only deterred for fear of his Subjects rebelling and therefore desired assistance of the Governour in case of any Commotion Antony Moniz Barreto was sent to this effect Mean while the King of Cota persuades Iavira That he should no sooner be a Christian but the Portugueses would deprive him of his Kingdom The King giving Credit to this wicked Device resolved to kill all the Portugueses sent to his assistance But the better to execute it feigned himself still of the same Mind Barreto it is not known how had Intelligence of the Design and finding more danger in Returning to the Ships than going on to Ceitavaca where that King was our Friend he caused those One hundred and twenty Men he had Landed to burn all they had except some little Provision to let them know they were to save nothing but their Lives Three days they marched fighting with Eight thousand Men so fortunately that they arrived at Ceitavaca without losing one Man To the great Honour of their Captain 9. Our irreconcileable Enemy the King of Achem about this time sent against Malaca a Fleet of sixty Sail and in it Five thousand Land-men among which were Five hundred Orobalones commonly called Of the Gold Bracelets because they wear them and are very brave but his best Regiment was of Turks and Janizaries This Body was Commanded by a Valiant Moor who had the style of Dr. King of Pedir He Landed by Night at Malaca and found nothing but some Geese which he took to shew his Prince as a Testimony of his Landing But those Fowl alarming the City as formerly the Capitol caused all to be in readiness which was but little the Town being then very scarce of Men. 10. However the Enemy was forced to retire and imbark having burnt two Ships of ours that were ready to sail Without they took seven Fishermen and cutting off their Noses Ears and Feet sent them to the Commander Simon de Melo with a Challenge writ with their Blood The Challenge was made a Jest of because there was no Force there to Answer it But the Great St. Francis Xaverius who was zealous for the King's Honour as well as the Service of God being there then he disapproved the Jest and advised to meet the Enemy at any rate The Governour and others excused themselves urging there were in the Port but eight small Vessels which as being rotten and unfit for service lay aground This was true but the Cause of it was the Neglect and Avarice of the Government 11. The Great Xaverius took so much pains that he prevailed with some Merchants to fit out those Vessels prophetically promising two Galliots would come to their Aid The time prefixed was near expired when they appeared sailing for Patane and came into Malaca though they had not designed it The Saint went aboard found they were Commanded by Iames Suarez de Melo called the Gallego and his Son Baltasar he persuaded them to have a part in that Action These Ten poor Vessels being fitted and manned with Two hundred and thirty Men sailed to find out the Enemy under the Command of D. Francis Deça 12. Being about to return Home after two Months spent in search of the Enemy they found him in the River Parles and Engaged upon a Sunday Morning The Fight was desperate our Men behaved themselves with incredible Bravery and had a most compleat Victory killing Four thousand of the Enemy sinking several of their Ships and taking most of the rest whereof they carried away but Twenty five for want of Men and burnt the rest Three hundred Pieces of Cannon were taken and almost a Thousand Musquets This Victory cost us but Twenty five Men some say only four 13. At the time of this Fight St. Francis was Preaching at Malaca and pausing on a sudden related all the particulars of it to his Auditory who were in great Care for those Ships having had no News of them in two Months His Prediction was verified a few days after by their Arrival 14. In September arrived five Ships from Lisbon Six set out but the one was Cast-away at Angoxa the Men saved and distributed amongst the other Ships CHAP. V. The End of the Government of D. John de Castro 1. THe Governour began this Year with the utter destruction of the Coast subject to Hidalcan He had the same Fleet as before and began in Ianuary at the River Charopa two Leagues from Goa He spared neither Living Creature Vegetable nor the very Stones but burnt and slaughtered all as far as the City Dabul which was reduced to Ashes the Inhabitants being fled with the best of their Goods Hence he ran in the same manner to the River Cifardam which parts this Kingdom from that of Melique 2. The King of Campar who had taken the City Adem from the Turks being threatned by them had recourse to the Portugueses submitting himself to our King and to this effect D. Payo de Norona was sent to him with a Supply by the Commander of Ormuz D. Payo behaved not himself as he ought to have done on this Occasion for the King marching out to fight the Turks by whom he was beaten and slain and having left him to guard the City he over-fearful of Treachery retired to his Ship and returned not though he saw the Town Assaulted Some Turkish Galleys came and besieged the place and D. Payo having promised the Prince assistance left him carrying away the few Portugueses he had brought Emanuel Pereyra resolved to stay there and Francis Vieyra who was raising Men at Campar made his way in Both behaved themselves bravely but the Turks entring by Treachery the Prince and one of his Brothers were killed the Portugueses with another retired to Campar to expect the Succours were to come from India 3. D. Alvaro went with Three hundred Men in Thirty Vessels loaded with Ammunition The Governour was overjoyed with the News of the submission of Adem But this Joy was soon allayed by a dangerous Fever and a violent Mutiny raised for want of Bread Emanuel de Sousa Sepulveda prudently appeased it and the Governour being recovered caused his Hand to be cut off who Beat the Drum to Call the People and two others of the Chief to be imprisoned 4. D. Iohn de Ataide or Meneses sent before by D. Alvaro to Adem entring boldly as believing it to be in the possession of D. Payo lost two Vessels and all the Men that were in them who were either killed or made Slaves by the Turks Noronha met D. Alvaro at Canequirim and earnestly laboured to represent how great the Danger was that obliged him to quit that place But the dead Kings Embassadour and his own Silence when accused were Witnesses against him He came afterwards to Goa and one of his Servants having taken a Hen from a Slave the Slave was complaining at
Diu was gone for Lisbon to seek the Reward which now he missed in India The second named D. George Tello absent also In the third was Garcia de Sá a Person well versed in the Affairs of India At his first Entrance upon the Government he gave sufficient Tokens of his Zeal for the Publick and used some Liberality to gain the Hearts of the Souldiers much dejected with the lessening their Pay 2. He received an Embassadour from Hidalcan to Treat of Peace which was concluded much to our Advantage About the beginning of August came in eleven of the seventeen Ships sent from Portugal this year The other six were arrived before In this Fleet were the first Fathers of the Order of St. Dominick that went to build a Convent at Goa they were six and their Chief F. Iames Bernardez a Spaniard and a Learned and Pious Man 3. The Governour sent Martin Correa de Silva to Diu hastned the departure of the Trading Ships and sailed for Baçaim with some Men in thirty Vessels designing to gain some advantage over the King of Cambaya He was disappointed but it was some satisfaction that he had Advice there That the King of Tanor being Converted desired succour against such as should rebel upon his change of Religion Garcia de Sá the Governours Nephew was sent with Threescore Men of Note who had good success as shall appear in its place 4. At this time the Governour splendidly received the Embassadours of Zamori Canara Nizamaluco Cotumaluco and other Princes who came to confirm the former Peace At last Sultan Mamud King of Cambaya made Overtures tired with ill success and the Peace was established to our Credit 5. The Spiritual Conquest was now very successful Xaverius erected Churches and Converted many among the Patava's and two Kings with a multitude of People in Malaca Iohn Soarez Vicar of the Fort of Chale converted the King of Tanor with his Queen and Children He desiring to see the Offices of the Church solemnly performed at Goa and be confirmed by the Bishop came to the City was nobly received and departed well satisfied promising to make his Subjects follow his Example The Persuasions of Zamori wrought no effect upon him now but afterwards it seems they prevailed for we shall see him in Arms against those who received him with such Honour 6. One Bislald an Ethiopian and Favourite of the King of Ormuz rebelled against him at Manojam The King sent against him a good Body of his Men supported by 120 Portugueses to which were afterwards added 1000 of the first and 180 of the latter but all to no purpose for he still kept himself out of reach D. Emanuel de Lima finding he could not do any thing by open force resolved to reach him by Craft He agreed with a Gallego That he should counterfeit he fled from him and getting into Baslala's Camp kill him the first opportunity The Gallego soon performed and all was quiet 7. This Year we shall see a bloody War between Pegu and Siam for an Elephant The King of Siam had a white Elephant a Beast coveted by all the Princes of the East The King of Pegu demanded it by way of Superiority and he of Siam refused it not so much for the value of the Beast as for the manner of asking He of Pegu entred his Dominions and reduced him to desire a Peace upon any Terms so the Elephant were not comprehended They agreed the King of Pegu should have the Siam's Daughter and a Noble Woman every year as an acknowledgment But the latter not performing the other returned with 1500000 Men 4000 Elephants and an incredible Train with him came the Kings that depended on him and Iames Soarez de Melo with 180 Portugueses Above two Thousand Workmen went before who every Night set up a stately Wooden Palace richly painted and adorned with Gold He made a prodigious Bridge of Boats over the rapid River Menam a League over to pass his Army In his Way was a narrow Pass where the Siamite had raised a strong Wall guarded by 25000 Men. Iames Soarez was sent to gain it with 30000 which he performed with some loss to himself but utter destruction of the Enemy At length he sat down with his wonderful Army before the City Odia the Court or the King of Siam who was within with 60000 Men and 4000 Cannon some of a prodigious magnitude Odia is eight Leagues in compass about it a strong Wall and round that a wide and deep Water 8. The Battery began In the Town were 50 Portugueses Commanded by Iames Pereyra who behaved themselves to admiration The King of Pegu endeavoured to corrupt them with Bribes but they rejected all his Offers The King astonished despaired of gaining by the Sword what could not be bought with Gold and removed to the City Camambee where were the Siamites Treasures the Place strong and defended by 20000 Men. After many Attempts this vast Power was forced to march off without doing any thing 9. Xemindoo rebelled against the King of Pegu who sent Iames Soarez with Two hundred Portugueses to suppress him He followed him to the City Cevadi and he slipping by got into Pegu because the City sided with him The Queen fled to the Castle where she was defended by twenty Portugueses till the King came and put the Rebels to flight The Army entred the City and put to the Sword not only Men Women and Children but even the Beasts nothing escaped but what was within the liberty of Iames Soarez his House which the King had ordered should be exempted above Twelve thousand saved themselves therein The Plunder was unaccountable Iames Soarez alone got above three Millions At his Intercession the King pardoned a Portugues who had furnished Xemindoo with Ammunition 10. Though the King escaped the hands of Xemindoo he could not the Villany of Ximi de Zatan Ximi is equivalent to a Duke and he really was one of Satan's creating who murdered him in the delightful City Zatan The Traytor was immediately proclaimed King and falling among the murdered Princes Men killed three of those that belonged to Iames Soarez who fled to the City Ovà and afterwards at Pegu was reconciled to this New King till Xemindoo who fled before came on again with a powerful Army Ximi commanded Iames Soarez and his Portugueses to march with him against the Enemy but before he came thither the punishment of his great Insolencies reached him as shall be seen hereafter 11. Zatan was taken and Beheaded by Xemindoo who gave out it was for the killing of Soarez as if the murder of the King had not been a more justifiable Motive Thus the first Rebel possessed himself of the Crown till Mandaragri the late Kings Brother-in-Law claimed it in right of his Wife and coming to a Battle gave him such a total Defeat that Xemindoo fled to the Mountains where he married a poor Fellows Daughter He discovered himself to her and she revealed it
Misfortunes than pleased with Success 10. Bernardin de Sousa at the Maluco's continued the War against the King of Gilolo and drew off with a rich Booty after destroying some Towns on the Coast with Fire and Sword At this time came Christopher de Sá to succeed him in that Command 11. George Cabral imbarqued well pleased with his good success against the sworn nayres and was well received in Portugal for his great Merit contrary to the Custom of this Kingdom He was generally esteemed one of the best Governours of India He was the sixteenth of that number and held it a year and four Months His Person was graceful his Countenance pleasing of a ruddy Complexion his Beard a dark Chesnut 12. This Year was born at Goa the Father and Mother were Canara's a hairy Monster like a Monky with a round Head and only one Eye in the Forehead over it grew Horns and on the sides Ears like those of a Kid. As the Midwife received it into her Hands it cried out with a loud Voice and stood upon its Feet The Father locked it up in a Hen-Coop It got out and seizing upon the Mother had like to tear off one of her Nipples The Father catching it again poured scalding Water upon the Head and killed it and could scarce cut off the Head it was so hard He burnt it and the thing being known he was punished for killing it and the Body was exposed to publick view in the City CHAP. IX The Government of the Vice-Roy D. Alfonso de Noronha from the Year 1550 till 1553 in the Reign of King JOHN the Third 1. DOn Alfonso de Noronha was taken from the Government of Ceuta to be senâ—… to that of India and more Favours conferred on him than on any of his Predecessors as if this Post of it self were not as great a Favour for him as for others Thus we see Princes bestow the very same Places on some as Rewards which they give to others as a step to Merit The fault is not in the Gift but in him that bestows it But it seems the King in part ballanced this Favour by assigning him a Council by whom he must of necessity be Advised in India 2. He had Orders to send back into Portugal all the New Christians that is Converted Jews who had gone from hence with their whole Families and it were better they had been banished both places He was also to take cognizance of those Ancient Christians who disturbed such as were converted from Paganism 3. Don Alfonso set out of Lisbon with four Ships one had been sent before to give Advice why the rest stayed and D. Alvaro de Gama Son to the Great Vasco sailed so late it was never expected he would get thither yet he overtook the others the Seas being favourable to all that descend from his Father for it was never known any of them was Cast-away The Vice-Roy was received at Goa with the usual demonstrations of Joy proceeding rather from the hatred they bear him that lays down the Sword than love to him that takes it up 4. He immediately sent Advice of his Arrival to all Parts and dispatched Commanders to several Forts and for Sea Luis Figueyra was sent to the Red Sea with five Vessels where they met the Turk Cafar with five Galliots Figueyra attacks Cafar's Galliot and was slain much admired by the Enemy for his Valour The four subordinate Captains stood looking on and saw him killed without coming to his Relief One of them Gaspar Nunez ashamed of what he had done went away with all his Men into Ethiopia and was never more heard of Soveral another of them met one of those Galliots fought and they parted upon equal Terms After he met the other two and they all returned with disgrace to Goa 5. The Arabs of Catifa delivered up to the Turks the Fort of that City which highly offended the King of Ormuz The Turks had also expelled his Kingdom the King of Baçora who yet kept the Field with Thirty thousand Men in hopes to recover his Kingdom with the assistance of the Portugueses To this effect he sent an Embassy to the Vice-Roy offering leave to build a Fort in his Harbour and other Advantages to the Crown of Portugal D. Antonio de Noronha Nephew to the Vice-Roy was sent to assist these two Kings with Twelve hundred Men in nineteen Vessels Being come to Ormuz they marched with Three thousand of that Kings Men and set down before the Fort of Catifa Four hundred Turks that were in that Garrison behaved themselves bravely but finding it in vain to resist fled by Night and being discovered were pursued and routed The Fort was taken and the Captain of Ormuz not daring to maintain it it was thought fit to be razed A Mine was made which taking fire before the time and blowing up the Work buried 40 Portugueses 6. After this Victory Noronha sailed to the Mouth of the River Euphrates in order to relieve the King of Baçora Here a cunning Bassa persuaded him he was sent for to be delivered up to his Enemies whereupon he returned Inglorious to Ormuz where being come he understood the Deceit but it was too late 7. The Vice-Roy had sent D. Garcia de Meneses to Command at Ternate at the Request of that King who could not endure Iordan de Freytas that sent him Prisoner to Goa The Affairs of Malaca hindred Meneses from going thither Bernardin de Sousa who had scarce resigned that Post to Christopher de Sá returned with Orders to continue there in case the Spaniards encroached upon those places Sá refused to admit him because the Spaniards were quiet and his Order conditional but Sousa pressed to be restored because he had not made so much of that Command as he expected At length Sá to prevent Mischief submitted Sousa immediately sets out with 180 Portugueses and sails for Gilolo to destroy the Fort was raising there The King of Ternate and Prince of Bacham followed with 5000 Men. 8. The King of Gilolo couragiously expected the coming of his Enemy in the the Fort with 1200 Men and many Pieces of Cannon Baltasar Veloso led our Van the Prince of Gilolo breaking out of an Ambush with Four hundred Men fell upon and distressed him but Veloso though seventy years of Age made such havock among the Enemies they were forced to fly Our Captain received some damage continues his Battery and sits down to besiege the place He cut off their Water which obliged them after a Siege of three Months to Capitulate and Peace was concluded upon these hard Terms That the King should lose this Title and be styled Governour and pay Tribute The Portugueses entred the Fort in his presence committing many barbarous Enormities and laid it even with the ground It is no small Credit to those of Gilolo that they held out four days after all their Provision was spent On our side Three hundred Men were killed eighteen of them
Portugueses there were more wounded Ferdinand Machaâ—… saying He should be killed here said the Office of the Dead for himself and leâ—…t it might be thought Cowardize went Dancing up to the Enemy he died of his Wounds soon after the Surrender The King also died for Grief and his Son Câ—…chilguzarate succeeded him Bernardin de Sousa being jealous of the Fort of Tidore went over to it and that King fearing greater damage agreed it should be demolished 9. Sultan Halaudim that King that Peter Mascarenas expelled Bantam and D. Stephen de Gama from Ujantana resolved now to try his Fortune against Malaca He had a great Power at Sea and was assisted by the Kings of Pera Pam and Marruaz and the Queen of Iapara in the Island of Iava About the beginning of Iune the Fleet of these Confederates put to Sea consisting of above Two hundred Sail. The King of Ujantana had sent an Embassadour to D. Pedro de Silva Commander of Malaca whose chief business was to discover what Force was in Malaca D. Pedro on the other side was privately informed by Laximena the Embassadour's Father of the King's design which was to surprize Malaca by giving oâ—…t His Preparations were against Achem. He had like to compass his Ends for the time was very short to provide The King entred the Port and burnt what Ships were in it and at the same time possessed himself of the Suburbs Then he intrenched planted his Cannon and began to batter the Fort furious and successfully and at length reduced the Inhabitants to feed upon such things as are loathsom 10. D. Garcia de Meneses sailing for the Maluco's put into Malaca with his Caravel where he had a hot Dispute with Lacxemena the Kings Admiral who had betrayed his Masters Counsels to the Portugueses and was then killed by them with his Son and his Ship sunk But D. Garcia did not long survive this Honour for attempting to gain a Gun that did much damage to the Town he was killed and with him above thirty Portugueses brought by D. Pedro de Silva to rescue him Mean while several Portugues Ships came into the Harbour from divers parts the News of the danger Malaca was in had reached The Enemy endeavoured to oppose them and Gomes Barreto conducted them in with safety 11. The Enemy resolved to Assault the City and the Commander D. Pedro having Notice of it provided to receive them Scarce did they begin to mount their Ladders when there fell on them a Storm of great pieces of Timbers Stones and Granado's so that in an instant above Eight hundred of them lay dead under the Wall This obliged them to retire to their Works and they resolved to starve the City Our Commander fearing the Consequence of this Resolution was advised by an unknown Souldier who before at the Assault promoted the throwing of Beams to send abroad some Ships and give out They were going to put those Kingâ—… Countries to Fire and Sword They believing it left the Siege which was prosecuted by the Queen of Iapara with the Men of Iava till Giles Fernandez de Carvallo coming unexpectedly with Two hundred Men there ensued a bloody Fight and at length the Enemies were put to a shameful flight having lost above Two thousand Men many Ships and all their Cannon and Ammunition whereof was a great quantity and it was of great consequence to the City What the Enemy could not execute by force when present they did by perfidiousness after their flight They poisoned a Well whereof our Men drinking above Two hundred died to the great terrour of all till the Cause was known 12. The Affairs of Ceylon were now in a very turbulent posture for Madune contrary to the Agreement distressed the King of Cota who had recourse to Gaspar de Azevedo Commander of Columbo and he with the King's Men and 100 Portugueses defeated the Enemy But the King of Cota being killed by a Musquet-shot he of Ceytavaca renewed his Pretensions The success was not answerable to his expectation for the New Prince assisted by the Portugueses gave him a total Rout. At the beginning of September the Vice-Roy prepared to go in Person to remedy these Disorders At the same time arrived from Portugal five Ships and soon after two more One was forced back to Lisbon by ill Weather The Vice-Roy set out the beginning of October with 3000 Men in 70 Sail. 13. The first thing he did after his Arrival at Ceylon was to put upon the Rack some Subjects of that King he went to succour that they might discover where their Princes Treasure was buried as if he had been an Enemy or had sent for him to make him his Treasurer In the second place he searched the Dead Man's Palace and found 80000 Ducats Thirdly He demanded 200000 Ducats for his Charges which was immediately granted And Fourthly he took the Field with his Three thousand Portugueses and Four thousand of the Kings Men. The King of Ceytavaca met them with a like Number but soon fled into the Mountains followed only by 100 Men. His City was plundered and the Booty very considerable The Vice-Roy turned over the Earth and dug up the Foundations of Buildings to discover hidden Treasures One was found consisting of many Gold and Silver Idols of a large size and other things One half of right belonged to the King we pretended to Relieve according to Agreement but the Wants of India permitted no performance of Promises Had the Indian broke his Word with the Christian he had been a Barbarian I know not what a Christian is that breaks his with the Barbarian Perhaps wiser Men know It appeared we went in search of hidden Treasures not to Relieve distressed Kings when this King desiring Five hundred Portugueses might be left with him to prevent his Enemies making Head again he was left without any because there was no more hopes of Treasure But we shall soon see the King of Cota revenged by the King of Portugal that it may appear the Actions of Kings are Divine when they are their own 14. Mean while Don Antony de Noronha scoured the Sea of Calicut making great havock in it and along the shoar The Vice-Roy returned to Cochin bringing with him a Kinsman of the King of Cota who was become a Christian went to Portugal where he was received with Honour and sent back to India and died in the Faith The Vice-Roy found the dispatch of the Homeward-bound Trading Ships was retarded by the Prince of Chembe he resolved to punish him and set out with a Fleet that contained Four thousand Men. Thirty thousand were gathered from Calicut to oppose him and some endeavoured to hinder the Landing but were soon put to flight 15. Our Men landed and marched to the City the Enemy met them and there followed a bloody Battle in which we lost forty Men but the Enemy was put to flight and the Vice-Roy satisfied with ravaging the Country returned to Cochim and dispatched the Ships
struck him out of his Books never to â—…e received into Service This also was put in execution Almeyda's Crime was That he had seemed to undervalue the Kings Favour refusing some Grace offered him The Vice-Roy was concerned that the differences between the Kings of Pimienta and Cochiâ—… grew daily greater Towards the End of November the Vice-Roy sailed with a good Fleet to assist the latter who was our Friend He was met at Sea by D. Iames de Noronha and his Fleet with whom came Gonçalo Pereyra Marramaque who was received with much Joy for his great Bravery in the late Action with the Turks It was agreed after some Consultation to land in the Islands called Alagada's belonging to the King of Pimienta The Natives in crowds opposed our Men landing with showers of Arrows but the Cannon made way After a vigorous Resistance all was destroyed with Fire and Sword only one Man was lost on our side 12. Gomes de Silva was left to prosecute the War which he did so successfully that the King sued for Peace which was concluded to our advantage and he was satisfied with the restitution of the Islands his Wife and the People taken in them The Vice-Roy dispatched the Ships for Portugal That of Ferdinand Alvarez Cabral was Cast-away at Aguada de S. Blas some of the Men got ashoar in Boats After a tedious Journey by Land Cabral and D. Alvaro de Noronha with his Family were drowned in a River The Vice-Roy sent his Son D. Ferdinand with a good Fleet to the Red-Sea He attempted to gain the Fort of Dofar but was repulsed with loss of seven or eight Men so he returned without any effect 14. At Diu arose New Troubles on account of the death of the King Sultan Manaud He was bred with Poison like Mithridates that none might hurt him When his Women were near their time he opened them to take out the Children He was one day hunting a Deer with some of them and falling off from his Horse hung by the Stirrup the Horse dragged him and one of the Women running cut the Girts with a Cimiter in requital he killed her saying A Woman of such courage had enough to kill him A Page in whom he had great confidence murdered him for Tyrants always dye by the hands of those they trust A Child accounted his Son succeeded him The Nobility offended at the Insolence of Madre Maluco who with the Title of Governour managed the Affairs of the Crown rebelled in several parts One of these was Abixcan at Diu who suffering his Men to Affront ours obliged D. Iames de Almeyda to enter the City with Five hundred Men killing a great number and plundering their Houses Abixcan though late saw his Error and came to Composition and was afterwards more submissive than had been at first desired of him 14. D. Iames de Noronha succeeded Almeyda in that Post in pursuance of the Kings Order before-mentioned The Moors forgetting their Fault and the Punishment they had incurred relapsed again Noronha with Six hundred Men so refreshed their Memories that they abandoned the City Cide Elal who Commanded in the Castle that was in the City offered to defend himself but seeing our Men begin to scale it submitted to march away without Arms. The Castle was demolished Scarce was it done when Abixcan appeared with Four hundred Men. Ferdinand de Castanoso advanced to meet him with One hundred and twenty but Three hundred of the Enemies Horse obliged him to retire in such disorder that on a sudden he found he had but seventeen Men left He posted himself where the Horse could not come and the Three hundred Enemies dismounting beset the 18 who back to back defended themselves till they were all killed their Hearts cut out and carried to the General 15. D. Iames de Norona marched on with the rest of the Men ignorant of what had happened but so impatient to engage with Abixcan that he could no way be dissuaded from pressing forward Meeting the Three hundred Horse he fell on furiously and put them to flight but Abixcan coming on with his Cannon D. Iames was forced to retire rather losing than gaining Reputation in this Action Common Conveniency brought them to an Accommodation Noronha this day lost by his Rashness what he often deserved for his Valour for the Factor endeavouring to stop his fury and saying to him He ought to consider the King's Fort would be lost He Answered in a Passion No matter when I am gone all is gone This saying was remembred when he was in election to be Vice-Roy of India and deprived him of that Post because it was thought so great a Trust could not with safety be reposed upon so rash a Man 16. The Great Turk hearing Miradobec was come off worse than the Unfortunate Pirbec and Alechelubij making great boast of what he would do gave him the Command of fifteen Galleys D. Ferdinand who was come out of the Red-Sea went after them On the 25th of August he had sight of them near Mascate Alechelubij not daring to give Battle endeavoured to get off with all his Galleys but six of them could not escape being taken by our Caravels 17. D. Ferdinand put into Mascate refitted the Galleys bought the Slaves and appointed them Captains Alechelubij pursued by some of our Vessels was drove into Suratt with seven of his nine Galleys and there shut up by D. Hierome de Castellobranco Nuno de Castro and D. Emanuel Mascarenhas The other two were pursued by D. Ferdinand de Monroy and Antony Valadares till they were beaten to pieces on the Coast of Damam and Daru 18. But because one is coming to succeed our Vice-Roy let us say somewhat of him He was modest easie and not active which was the Cause his Government answered not expectation As to his Person he was of a middle Stature a graceful Countenance and agreeable Behaviour his Complexion swarthy his Hair black In the number of Vice-Roys he was the 5th in that of Governours the 17th and held it four years the second of the Name and Sirname CHAP. XI The Government of the Vice-Roy D. Peter de Mascarenhas from the Year 1554 till 1555 King JOHN the Third still Reigning 1. DOn Peter de Mascarenhas was of one of the best Families of Portugal and had born the most considerable Offices in the Kingdom and was 70 years of Age when named Vice-Roy of India He set out of Lisbon with six Ships one of them was drove back and that in which he went as soon as he Landed at Goa sunk downright In these Ships were Two thousand Land-men The first thing the Vice-Roy did he appointed his Nephew Ferdinand Martinez Admiral to the great dissatisfaction of all Men. Martinez had 32 Sail given him and Orders to bring to Goa the 7 Turkish Galleys that were blocked up at Suratt Cáraçen Commander of that place would not permit it and gave good sufficient Reasons for his refusing so by
this last left about Four hundred of his Men on that Shoar and in his Long-Boat got to Goa These Four hundred who were left built a small Vessel and arrived at Cochim In the other Ships went the Bishop D. Belchior Carnero a Jesuit and some other Religious Men sent by the Pope to the Emperour of Ethiopia D. Alvaro de Silveyra was now made Admiral of a Fleet of 21 Sail provided for the Sea of Calicut and against the Queen of Olala who refused to pay her Tribute He over-run all those Coasts with Fire and Sword destroying many Towns and Ships and all things that stood in the way particularly the City Mangalor and a sumptuous Pagod Zamori sensible of his Losses desired Peace which was concluded Silveyra returned Victorious 6. Let us return to Ceylon Tribuli Pandar having made his Escape as was related out of Prison fled to Balande Madune subtilly exasperates him against the Portugueses and sent him Six hundred Chingala's with whom and his other Men he was so succesful that he reduced the Towns of Paneture Caleture Maça Berberi Gale and Beligam to the last Extremities destroying our Churches and killing many Christians Converted by the Religious of St. Francis who first Preached there Now comes Alfonso Pereyra de Laçerda to take upon him this Command Madune who before had assisted Pandar now offers to aid Laçerda against him He accepts the Offer The King sent his Son Raju by the way of Caleture with an Army Laçerda sent Ruy Pereyra with Two hundred Men and Antony de Spinola with One hundred two other ways to assault the City Palandu where Tribuli was They beset the Town at one time and after a vigorous Resistance the Portugueses entred it the King fled his Wife was taken and many of his Men killed The Portugueses returned Victorious and Madune obtained one of the Ends he had proposed to himself which were either That the Portugueses should destroy Pandar or he them 7. The beginning of this Year sailed Iohn Peixoto with two Galleys for the Red-Sea to discover what was doing at Suez He found all quiet and being loath to return without doing something he Landed before Day in the Island Suanquem with the King whereof we were at Variance It being a dead time of Night he found all asleep and might say as a Prince who killed a Man that was sleeping that he left those Islanders as he found them for many were killed before they awaked others after The same fate befell the King in his Palace Peixoto returned to his Galliots carrying Slaves and Booty without receiving the least damage Next day keeping along the Coast he destroyed several Towns and returned to Goa having purchased as much Honour with two small Vessels as others with many He brought away F. Gonçalo Rodriguez whom he found at Arquico much dissatisfied that he had not prevailed with the Emperour of Ethiopia to admit of the Rites of the Church 8. The King of Baçora oppressed by the Turks made now the same Offers to the Governour he had done before to the Vice-Roy D. Alfonso de Noronha in case he would assist him to throw off the Turkish Yoak The Conditions were admitted and neither this time did it succeed for D. Alvaro de Silveyra going upon this Design with twenty Sail met not with the success he had the year before against the Malabars A terrible Storm so disabled him in that Port that he was not in a condition to attempt any thing a second time Michael Rodriguez Coutino prospered better going to the Lands of Salsete and Bardes against some Parties of Hidalcan who sought Revenge for our favouring Meale All the Sea-Ports were destroyed with Fire and Sword and many Ships perished He killed and took many Prisoners and returned with Honour and Riches to Goa The chief of the Booty was a great Ship of Meca taken at Dabul after a sharp engagement for there were Two hundred Moors in her who killed eight of our Men. 9. This Misfortune the more enraged Hidalcan and to mend it he sends a numerous Army into those same Lands The Governour set out with a strong Body to oppose him The War lasted all the Winter without any Action worthy relating In September arrived four Ships from Portugal in them went Ferdinand de Sousa and Castellobranco Embassadour to the Emperour of Ethiopia and F. Iohn Nunes Barreto Patriarch of that stubborn People His Companion was the Bishop Andrew de Oviedo who did nothing because the Emperour could not be reduced to change his Old Rites With these came to India F. Gonçalo de Sileyra to be Provincial he afterwards received the Crown of Martyrdom in Monomotapa All this shall be related in its proper place 10. The Governour set out to Visit our Forts in the North with a Fleet consisting of One hundred and fifty Sail of all sorts He gained the Mountain and Fort Azarim for a small purchase by the means of Coje Mahomet a Trusty Moor living at Bazaim This Mountain is not far from the City and rises very upright for the space of a League a little below the Top it is girt with a sort of Border standing out which renders it almost inaccessible the rest being very difficult of ascent It is kept by Threescore Men who need no other Arms to defend them but the Stones that lye there which rolled down the Passes must carry before them all that is in the way The Garrison lives upon the Top which is plain and almost round They light themselves with sticks of Wood that grow there and burns like a Torch with that odds that they cannot be quenched by Wind or Water 11. Antony Moniz Barreto was sent to take possession of this place he left there a Captain and 60 Portugueses and went on to take the Fort of Manora not far distant which the Inhabitants abandoned he left there George Manhans with 120 Men and returned to Bazaim where he found the Governour receiving an Embassy from the King of Cinde who desired Succour against a Tyrant that infested him We were desirous of this Prince's Friendship and thought fit to purchase it by Relieving him Seven hundred Men were sent to him in Twenty eight Vessels all Commanded by Peter Barreto Rolim 12. The Fleet arrived safe at Tatá the Court of the King of Cinde The Prince who was there visited Barreto and sent word of his Arrival to his Father who was absent in the Field He Answered desiring our Commander to wait till he Advised what was fit to be done Barreto stayed and soon after hearing the King was agreed with his Enemy without giving him notice he asked of the Prince leave to depart and that he would pay the Charge of the Fleet as was promised by the Embassadour The Answer was so little to satisfaction that Barreto landed his Men entred the City and in the Fury killed above Eight thousand Persons and destroyed by Fire the value of above two Millions of
missing among them all it was sought and restored 11. Luis de Melo de Silva who sailed last year for the Coast of Malabar did much harm there and ruined the Trade of the Moors At Mangalor he ordered two Captains to bring him a Vessel belonging to our Enemies of Cananor that was in the River but the Owners and some of the Townsmen coming to defend it our Men were worsted Melo enraged hereat assaulted the Town and put all Living Creatures to the Sword then fired it An old Moor leading a Company of the Inhabitants that fled with a Dagger in his hand met our Commander and struck him through the Arm. He laying hold of his long Hair delivered him to those that were near saying Take away that Devil He had scarce said it when the Moor was cut in pieces Melo having burnt the City with loss of some few Men returned to his Ships 12. Thirteen Ships of Calicut and Cananor were coming up to attack Melo but he went out to meet them with only seven He was formost in his Galliot and the Admiral of Calicut a Turk advanced before the rest to meet him As soon as they came within Cannon-shot our Gunner made one so fortunate it swept him from Stem to Stern and in a Minute the Keel of the Ship appeared above Water all the Men perishing Three other Ships board the Galliot and kill many of the Men but Melo stepping forward not only cleared his own Deck but pursued into the Ships in which not one Man was left alive Our other Vessels took the other three Ships of Calicut so that not one of them escaped and the Admiral of Cananor fled with his seven having only stood by as a Witness of what the others did The Enemy lost above 400 Men. For a long time after the People along that Coast would not eat Fish because a man's Fingers were found in the Belly of one 13. Luis de Melo went thus Victorious to Goa and the Vice-Roy confined him because he had done those Actions when his Presence was required at Cananor His Confinement was censured and the Vice-Roy being none of those that will obstinately persist in their Opinion though it do never so much mischief he went in person to be Friends with Melo at Pangim where he was in Custody Melo knowing well how to esteem such Favours from Superiours was abundantly satisfied and returned with his Fleet by the Vice-Roy's Order to Cananor because D. Payo de Noronha was in some distress there Emanuel de Vasconcelos went to Ternate with three Ships and other small Vessels 14. Luis de Melo was the Life of Noronha who was in great danger at Cananor being threatned with a Siege by all the Princes of Malabar stirred up by Ade Rajao not without some provocation given by Noronha Rajao with 100000 Men attacks the Fort and enters the Trenches Melo who was in them with 60 Men flew about like Lightning Antony de Villena with Fifty did Wonders among the Moors who had entred his House In fine the whole number which was 500 Men did more than human Actions among that multitude of Enemies It is said A Religious Man at his Prayers saw the Holy Ghost in the form of a Pigeon on a Beam of the Church and shewed it to many others Our Men hearing of it fell on with new Vigour and so effectually that they put the Enemy to flight having killed 15000 of them Of the Portugueses 25 were lost The fight lasted 12 Hours Luis de Melo played the part of a Souldier as well as Commander Francis Riscaâ—… a Man of ordinary Extraction performed extraordinary acts of Valour The Enemy went home admiring the Valour of our Men and Peace was restored to Cananor 15. It is strange that among all the Churches erected in India none till this time had been dedicated to its Apostle St. Thomas Our Vice-Roy taking this into Consideration began to build at Goa a sumptuous Church to him which was not finished because the time of his Government expired and remains to this day as a heap of Ruins none of his Successors having put his Hand to advance so good a Work CHAP. XV. Continues the Government of the Vice-Roy D. Constantin in the Reign of King SEBASTIAN 1. AT this time the Emperour of Ethiopia was much molested by the Turks and Moors and obtained some Victories over them having some Portugueses in his Service Our Bishop could not work upon him to leave his Heretical Customs and therefore resolved to leave him but stayed at the Request of the Portugueses The Emperour being Invaded by the King of Mallassays contrary to the Advice of the Portugueses marched to meet him and they followed He was slain by Malassays and they seeing his Subjects fly cast themselves among the Enemies and after doing more than is credible were most of them killed 2. The Turk desiring to possess himself of the Arabian Ports on the side next Persia sent this Year an Officer with two Gallies and seventy Barques with 1200 Turks and Janizaries against the Fort of Baharem Rax Morado a resolute Commander was in it who provided the best he could and sent Advice of the danger he was in to the King of Ormuz and D. Antony de Noronha then Commanding that Fort. D. Iohn de Noronha went to relieve him with ten Ships he was near taking the Turkish Galleys but missed for want of pursuing and the next day they obliged him to take shelter in the Creeks along that Shoar D. Alvaro de Silveyra receiving Advice from Ormuz came up and joyning D. Iohn took the Galleys The Bassa having lost them concluded he was also lost if he took not the Fort and therefore pressed on his Attacks Rax Morado and D. Alvaro had a Meeting and agreed it was not convenient to fight but besiege the Besiegers yet such was the Insolence of the Souâ—…diers that Mutinying they obliged them to give Battle Rax joyned the Portugueses with 300 Persians well Armed they attacked the Turks who purposely though with loss gave way till they drew them to an Ambush which put them into disorder in spight of all D. Alvaro could do till he fell by a Musquet-Ball that hit him in the Throat The Portugueses fought desperately some to defend and others to bring him off but to no purpose for the Turks cut off his Head Above 70 of our Men were killed and several taken Rax Morado retired with many to the Fort after behaving himself in such manner as might be envied by the Portugueses Thus was the rashness of those that were so hot for fighting punished 3. Peter Peixoto succeeded in the Command of our Men and following the Advice before despised besieged the Island and so streightned the Turks they sued for Mercy whereby it appeared how great a Fault it was not to take this course at first D. Antony de Noronha receiving Advice at Ormuz of our loss presently set out to revenge it The Siege continued and in
intermedled not because they were both Subjects to Portugal in the end he of Cochim had the better Those of Cranganor committing some Outrages Iohn Pereyra chastized and reduced them 13. The Vice-Roy was now preparing to make War upon the King of Iafanatapan and Lord of the Island Manar because he persecuted the Christians and had usurped that Crown from his Brother who fled to Goa and was Baptized by the Name of Alfonso He Landed near the City Iafanapatan with 1200 Men forcing the Prince to retire who with 2000 opposed him The Portugeses entred at a large Street in which were some Pieces of Cannon which killed N. Sardina Ensign to Luis de Melo Iohn Pessoa took up the Colours and marched up to the Canon Luis de Melo and D. Philip de Meneses were both Wounded 14. The Vice Roy came on and six or seven Men were killed about him The Prince coming down another Street made some resistance but to no effect Night coming on the King retired to his Palace and not thinking himself safe there set fire to it and withdrew to a Fort a League off Thus the Vice-Roy was left possessed of that beautiful City He marched after the King who thinking that Fort too weak was fled farther off D. Constantin took possession of it and sent several parties to pursue the King the first of them Commanded by Luis de Melo the Achilles of those times They pursued him till he cried for Mercy and to purchase an Accommodation offered to restore the Treasure taken from Tribuls Pandar and his Mother-in-Law Wife to the King of Cota to pay an Acknowledgment to the Crown of Portugal and give up the Island Manar The Vice-Roy accepted the Conditions considering how difficult it was wholly to deprive him of that Crown and restore it to his Brother though he had never so much right 15. Fortune is as quick in over-turning as bestowing her Favours Whilst the Conditions were putting in execution the Natives falling upon the Portugueses who were secure in their Submission killed many The Vice-Roy escaped narrowly and got aboard the Fleet whence he sent D. Antony de Noronha with 400 Men to relieve the Fort where Ferdinand de Sousa was and had killed many of the Natives in defence of it They two being joyned made themselves way and marched to the Shoar carrying all that was in the Fort and killing all that opposed them The Vice-Roy thus succesful at first and afterwards unfortunate set Sail carrying with him the Prince given as an Hostage for performance of the Articles of Peace He sailed to the Island Manar where he built a Fort and translated thither the Inhabitants of Punicale to redeem them from the Tyranny of that Nayque who would fleece them Emanuel Rodriguez Coutinho was left to Command there and with him some Franciscans and Jesuits all satisfied with the equal distribution the Vice-Roy made of all things Then he sent Balthasar Guedez de Sousa to Command in chief in Ceylon and with him the King of Cota his Grandmother and Kindred whom the King of Iafanatapan had delivered to him being one of the Conditions of that unfortunate Treaty CHAP. XVI The End of the Government of the Vice-Roy D. Constantin 1. AMong the Treasure lately taken from the King of Iafanatapan was an Idol adored throughout all the Coast of Asia and so highly esteemed by all those Princes particularly the King of Pegu that he every year sent Embassadours with rich Presents to get a Print of it This so much worshipped Relick was nothing but a Tooth of a white Monkey Some say the rarity of the Colour was the cause of his being so much admired as the King of Siam's white Elephant Others affirm besides his Whiteness he came into such esteem by finding out the Wife of an ancient Indian King that was run away from him and had been sought for through all parts to no purpose the King loving her beyond expression The King in requital made much of the Beast while it lived and after its death erected Altars to it Others are of Opinion it was a Mans not a Monkeys Tooth and perhaps the Man had the same Employ as the Monkey for all was no better than Pimping a great step to Preferment with Princes However it was the King of Pegu hearing our Vice-Roy had the Tooth sent to offer him 300000 Ducats for it and it was not doubted his Zeal would extend to give a Million if the Bargain were well drove Most of the Portugueses were for taking the Mony and some wished they might be employed in carrying the Tooth to Pegu not doubting but they should gather a Treasure by shewing it by the way 2. The Vice-Roy doubtful whether he should accept or reject the Offer and to throw the blame of either Resolution from himself had a meeting of the Chief of the Clergy and Laity where the Question was discussed long and with much heat The Resolution was That the Tooth should not be sold but consumed to Asâ—…s The Vice-Roy accordingly in the presence of them all caused it to be beaten to dust in a Mortar and then burnt All men at that time seemed to applaud the Act but not long after two Teeth being set up instead of that one as shall be related in the Government of D. Antony de Noronha they as much condemned and railed at it 3. D. George de Meneses Baroche at this time did much in Ceylon in defence of the King of Cota against his Brother Madune D. George was hard to please because he loved to endure hardship he hearing one Morning in his Galley a Souldier asking an â—…on for Breakfast said to him What do you 〈◊〉 for Dainties There is no provision in this Store but Powder and Ball. A good Example for our Times when a Portugues lords half a Galleon with Hen-Coops and 〈◊〉 of Sweet-Meats 4. This Severity in D. George caused some Souldiers to desert to Cota he went to bring them back and at his return found that George de Melo his Lieutenant â—…d fallen upon the Enemy so successfullâ—… that he cut off a number of them Baroche envious of this Honour attacked them in another place and killed 200 and with the same heat run up a River after Madune till a Cannon Ball kilâ—…g 20 of his Seamen at once he retired a â—…e Then matching by Land after Raju 〈◊〉 Son who had above 3000 Men â—…h him put him to flight killing 150 without losing one Man The Enemy fortified himself in a convenient place and D. George going on to attack him was told there was no Powder then says he Load your Muskets with Sand. He advanced unfortunately for what with an Ambush and what with the assistance of the Elephants he lost above 70 Men. D. George was in danger of being killed by an Elephant had not Pâ—…dralvarez Freyre fortunately shot it He retired in such a Rage for this ill success that he bit the Sand perhaps because it had not
served him instead of Powder 5. Madre Maluco King of Cambaya taking the advantage of the Vice-Roys absence from Damam resolved to recover that City and was ready to march with a formidable Power D. Iames de Noronha who spent much Mony in Intelligence soon understood his design and finding he could not oppose him with open Force had recourse to Artifice He dexterously persuades Cedemecan Lord of Suratt his Neighbour and Friend that his Brother-in-Law Madre Maluco was coming to expel him that City and therefore gave out his design was upon Damam Cedemecan gave credit to the Fiction and going to Visit his Brother-in-Law in the Camp persuaded him to Sup with him in the Town and carry with him the principal Heads of his Army Scarce were they in his House when he killed them all and falling upon the Camp put the Army to the rout with great slaughter Thus Noronha avoided this Danger without drawing Sword and Cedemecan drew on himself another to shun that which did not threaten him The Manager of this Intrigue was D. Iames Pereyra a Gentleman of great Prudence and Vigilance who performed it very dexterously not without great danger to himself 6. Chinguiscan with a prodigious Power marches to Suratt to revenge the Death of his Father and enters the City Cemedecan retiring into the Fort Chinguiscan sets down before and begins to batter it furiously and Cedemecan omitted nothing towards his defence when 10 Ships arrive sent by D. Iames under the Command of Luis Alvarez de Tavora with Orders so to manage himself that either of the two Enemies might believe he came to their assistance D. Iames under-hand writ to Chinguiscan acquainting him he had sent those Ships to his Aid Tavora had a Letter from him to Cedemecan of the same purport All this Preparation vanished for the Besieger hearing another Enemy invaded his Kingdom agreed with the Besieged and returned home So did Luis Alvarez having given much Content to our Neighbour who had he known all had more cause to be highly dissatisfied Alvarez coming to Damam found D. Iames de Noronha at Death's door and he soon after expired at â—…he Age of 44. He died Poor having spent â—…ll he got in the Service of his King and Country D. Antony de Noronha after Vice-Roy used to say That a man must be mad to â—…ractice this sort of Liberality After that rate â—…ow-adays all Men are very Wise. 7. The Vice-Roy being at Cochim dispatched three Ships for Portugal two of them arrived safe the other was forced back Then he had a meeting with the King of Pimienta with whom he was at variance and they agreed The Princes of Calicut being sent to be bred at Cananor and those of Cananor at Calicut caused such a Confusion that Iohn Pereyra Commander of Cananor was in some danger attempting to hinder the Passage of the Malabars who had possessed themselves of the Island Primbalam belonging to Cochim which might prove the loss of our Fort. The Vice-Roy sent first D. Francis de Almeyda with ten Ships and after him Luis de Melo de Silva with 500 Men and the King of Cochim assisted with his Forces There was a great Fight many of the Enemies were killed and the rest expelled the Island Martin Alfonso de Melo afterwards cleared all the Passes and restored the Island to the King D. Constantin returned to Goa 8. He sent Commanders to several Forts and a Fleet of 21 Sail under the Command of Sebastian de Sá to assist the King of Baçora against the Turks for which he offered to permit us to build a Fort there This Fleet was by bad Weather scattered and put into several Ports Cedemecan sent to acquaint the Vice-Roy That Chinguiscan was again marching towards him and he being in no condition to oppose him would deliver up that Fort to the Crown of Portugal only upon Condition to be carried with his Family and Treasure where he should appoint Don Constantin immediately fitted out fourteen Ships the Command whereof he gave to D. Antony de Noronha With him went Luis de Melo to receive the Command of Damam from Iames de Silva who held it by the Death of D. Iames de Noronha There they found four Galliots of Sebastian de Sá his Squadron that was dispersed and so made up 500 Men and passed to Suratt They went up the River through such showers of Bullets that there was scarce a Vessel but lost some Men. Then they Landed and immediately entred a Work and after a tedious Engagement Chinguiscan with above 20000 Men was beaten by 500 Portugueses and our Captain remained Master of the Field 9. In the same Heat he entred the City where Chinguiscan was and retired honourably though not without danger But coming to Treat with Cedemecan about delivering up the Fort as he had promised found him quite estranged from it Some say he durst not do it for fear his own Men should kill him and 't is likely it was so for D. Antony being gone to Goa they would have murdered him only for the Intention so that he was forced to make his escape from them and being taken by Chinguiscan had his Head cut off Caracen his Brother-in-Law succeeded him in Suratt and found the means of obliging Chinguiscan so that he left him in peaceable possession 10. Emanuel de Vasconcelos being arrived at the Moluco's prevailed with the King of Ternate to quit his claim to that Kingdom as being left by the rightful Possessor who died a Christian at Malaca to our King Accordingly King Sebastian was Proclaimed in all the Neighbourhood he that Resigned still keeping the Title and Government Vasconcelos having made War against the King of Tidore soon after died Sebastian Machado his Lieutenant succeeded him and sent George Ferreyra against the Sangaje of Gilolo who brought him to Submission The Christian Faith was now very much propagated in these Parts by the labour and industry of the Jesuits 11. The Year ended the Government of D. Constantin applauded by all lovers of Truth though censured by the Vile Portugueses in India He was endued with all those Parts that make a man Great and was fortunate in his Undertakings his Government such that King Sebastian offered it him for Life and he refused and when that Excellent Vice-Roy D. Luis de Ataide returned thither the second time he bid him Govern like D. Constantin 12. His Countenance was beautiful and majestick his Complexion white his Beard thick and black In the number of Vice-Roys he was the 7th in that of Governours the 20th and held it three years CHAP. XVII The Government of the Vice-Roy D. Francis Coutinho Count de Redondo from the Year 1561 till 1564 in the Reign of King SEBASTIAN 1. IN the beginning of September arrived at Goa D. Francis Coutinho Count de Redondo no less known for his witty Sayings than his Actions in Peace and War He brought five Ships and sailed from Lisbon the
Inherit but the Nephews born of Sisters by reason of the ill conceit they have of the Mothers believing this way they secure the Royal Descent The Princesses that bring forth these Heirs get them in this manner The Princess is Married to a Neighbouring Prince who leaves her untouched a Nayre of the Family of Naburii destined for this Employ gets her Maidenhead and then departs never more to be seen in the Country upon pain of Death The Princess afterwards chooses others among the Naburiis of whom she makes use till she has Conceived She has liberty to choose among them all but none of them can court her upon pain of Death The Nayres are very poor few of them can maintain a Wife and he that can need not fear another corrupting of her For this Reason three or four of them joyn to maintain a Woman and that is their manner of Marriage When one goes to the Wife he leaves his Buckler at the Door which is a sign one is within and if another comes he must stay The Kingdom of Cochin was subject to this Empire though without paying Tribute and made free by the Portugueses in requital for the fidelity of the King Uniramacoul who Reigned when we first discovered India and exposed himself to utter danger of being ruined rather than deliver up the Portugueses to Zamori King Emanuel sent him a Crown of Gold by the Vice-Roy D. Francis de Almeyda which he received submitting himself as a Subject to Portugal without any other acknowledgment but is yearly presented with two pieces of Gold the one a Portugues being a Coin worth 18 Ducats on the 1st of Ianuary the other on the day of the Epiphany is a Cup worth 640 Thus much of the Empire of Malabar 7. As to Meliapor for what relates to the Apostle It is the received Opinion he was killed at Antenodur a Mountain a League distant from the Town where he had two Caves whither he retired to Pray The nearest now belongs to the Jesuits the other is the Church of our Lady of the Mount He being one day at Prayer in the former opposite to a Clift that gave Light to it one of the Bramens who was watching thrust a Lance through that Hole in such manner that a piece of it remaining in his Body he went to the other Cave and there died embracing a Stone on which a Cross was carved Hence his Disciples removed and Buried him in his Church where he was found by Emanuel de Faria or Frias and the Priest Antony Penteado sent thither on purpose by King Emanuel 8. In the Year 1547 being about to repair that Oratory where the Apostle died digging they found a Stone which seems to be the same he held then It is about a yard long and three quarters wide the Colour grey with some red spots In the middle of it is carved a Portal round at the Top with Letters between the two Borders within two Banisters rather than Pillars being turned on which are two twisted Figures like Dogs sitting from whose Necks rises a graceful Arch of five Borders and between every two are knots like Beads In the hollow of this Door is a Pedestal of two Steps from the uppermost of which rises a Branch on each side and over them as it were in the Air is a Cross the ends of it like to that of the Military Order of Alcantara as the History relates but the Print shews them like three half Moons the Convex sides outwards and the Points meeting as commonly we see in many ancient Churches in Europe Over all is a Dove flying as it were descending to touch the Cross with its Beak There are ancient Pillars in the East with Doves after this manner One preserved in the Pagod of Negapatan has carved on it a Cock a Rope and a Candle There is a Tradition it came of it self to those parts by Sea with a Candle burning 9. The Chappel being repaired or beautified in the Year 1551 the Stone was solemnly set up in it and at the time the Priest pronounced those words of the Gospel Missus est Angelus Gabriel c. it began to change colour and became black and shining then sweating turned to its own colour plainly discovering the spots of Blood which before were obscure The Letters about it could not be understood till the Year 1561 a Learned Bramen said they were 36 Hieroglyphicks every one containing a Sentence and were to this effect In the time of the Son of Sagad the Gentile who Reigned 30 years came upon Earth one only GOD and was Incarnate in the Womb of a Virgin He abolished the Law of the Jews whom he punished for the Sins of Men after he had been in the World 33 years and taught Twelve Servants the Truth he preached A King of Three Crowns Cheralacone Indalacone Cuspandiad and King Alexander of the Kingdom Ertinabarad with Catherine his Daughter and many Virgins and six Families voluntarily followed the Law of Thomas because it was the Law of Truth and he gave them the Sign of the Cross to adore Going up to the place of Antenodur a Bramen run him through with a Lance and he embraced this Cross which was stained with his Blood and his Disciples carried him to Maiale and Buried him in his Church with the Lance in his Body And because We the above-named Kings saw this we carved these Letters here Hence besides the Story is gathered That Maiale was the ancient Name of the City Meliapor now called St. Thomas This Stone afterwards sweated sometimes Till the Year 1561 it was a good Omen since then a bad one 10. In the time of the Priest Penteado were also found three Brass Plates about a Span long and half as broad in shape like a Scutcheon on the top a Ring On the one side was a Cross and Peacock the ancient Arms of Meliapor on the other Characters which were explained by another Learned Bramen The first part was Titles of the King Boca Raja Son of Campula Raja and Grandson of Atela Raja He begins confessing One God without beginning Maker of all things And says of himself That he is as Great a Gentleman as the Beast Chigsan and as one of the five Kings who conquered 99 That he is as strong as one of the eight Elephants that the World stands upon and that he Conquered the Kingdoms of Otia Tulcan and Canara cutting his Enemies to pieces with his Sword The other Plates contained Grants of Lands to St. Thomas directed to himself and calling him Abidarra Modeliar Whence may be gathered these Princes Reigned at the time that Christ suffered One of them begins thus After the Year 1259 in the first Year called Icarrana Rachan on the 12th day of the New Moon of the good Year I give in Alms to the Saint Abidarra Modeliar c. Thus Another This is a Token of Alms-deeds to purchase Paradice and all Kings that perform them shall obtain
much more and he that disannuls them shall be 60000 years with the Worms in Hell c. 11. It has always been controverted which way St. Thomas came into India The Heathen History says That St. Thomas and St. Thaddeus being in Mesopotamia they parted at the City Edessa and the former sailing with some Merchants came to the Island Zocotora and after Converting the People passed to Mogodover Patana a City of Paru in Malabar where he built a Church The King keeping there the Wedding of his Son some Jewish Women came to sing and their Musick was Texts of Scripture many of them fulfilled by the Life and Death of our Saviour St. Thomas being present was so rapt hearing those Prophecies from them People that a Heathen observing it gave him a Box on the Ear. Soon after going to fetch Water a Tiger bit off his Hand He came running to tell his Misfortune and after him a Dog with the Hand in his Mouth The Apostle took and set it on again so that no Mark remained Then he went to Calicut and converted Xa Perimal There is an Account That he went to the Mogol's Country where Chesetrigal then Reigned and after being in China recurned to India visiting the Province of Tibet and setled at Meliapor where he ended 12. In the Year 800 arrived at Mogodover or Patana a rich Christian Armenian called Thomas Cananeus who with his Company presented himself to the King He received him with Kindness and soon after won by his Presents gave him the Lands of Cranganor and City Patana where there was scarce any Footsteps of St. Thomas his Church On those Foundations he built another another at Cranganor by the name of St. Thomas now standing within our Fort another of our Lady and another of St. Ciriacus These being the Works of Thomas Cananeus made them erroniously be believed the Apostles Afterwards were found other Plates containing Grants of Lands to the Disciples and Successors of the Apostles 12. It may reasonably be believed that Pagod where Gama entred as he went from Calicut to Zamorie's Palace was of this Foundation because the Image of our Lady was there called Mary by the Heathens and it being believed one of the three Kings that went to Bethlehem was of Malabar The Heathens yearly celebrate a Feast to St. Thomas to preserve their Ships because formerly many of them used to be Cast-away sailing to Parvi End of the Second Part. THE Portugues Asia TOM I. PART III. CHAP. I. Conquests under King Emanuel from the Year 1515 to the Year 15â—…8 Lope Soarez de Albergaria being Governor 1. THE great Alfonso de Albuquerque was drawing towards the last Period of his Life when King Emanuel as if he had foreseen it sent a new Governor with a Fleet for India The Governor was Lope Soarez de Albergaria the Fleet consisted of thirteen Ships and in them fifteen hundred fighting Men many Gentlemen by Birth most such by their Actions Among them was Duarte Galvam a Person of Learning Authority and Judgment who went Embassador to Prester Iohn with rich Presents some for him some for the Church The Governor being arrived at Cochin by his perhaps rather affected than natural reservedness became disagreeable to many and particularly to the King who was used to Albuquerque's discreet Civility D. Garcia de Noronha who took Charge of the Dispatch of the homeward bound trading Ships went away with them after no small Disagreement with Lope Soarez Till this time the Gentlemen had followed the Dictates of true Honor esteeming their Arms the greatest Riches from this time forwards they so wholly gave up themselves to trading that those who had been Captains became Merchants so that what had been Command became a Shame Honor was a Scandal and Reputation a Reproach Lope Soarez entred upon the Government He visited the Forts placed in them new Captains gave out Orders and such other Affairs of small moment which rather serve to fill Paper than increase the Substance of a History 2. This year sailed from Lisbon five Ships under the Command of Iohn de Silveyra three of them arrived in India the other two were lost on the Sands of St. Lazaro The Governor prepared according to the King's Order for the Red Sea and being informed that the Soldan was fitting out a great Fleet at Suez he sailed in search thereof from Goa on the eighth of February with twenty seven Sail of several sorts and Sizes In this Fleet were twelve hundred Portugueses eight hundred Malabar Soldiers and eight hundred Seamen of the same Nation He arrived before the City Aden the Commander whereof Miramirzan finding himself defenceless by reason a piece of the Wall was beaten down by Raez Soliman Admiral of the Suez Fleet Lope Soarez went in search of he made a Virtue of Necessity and offered the Keys to Lope Soarez affirming he would have done the same to Albuquerque had not he begun by Acts of Hostility Lope Soarez pleased with this Flattery trusted to him and took not possession of the City but went away in search of Raez Soliman thinking first to find out him and then take the City and neither did he take Aden at his return nor meet Soliman as he went He went up the Red Sea in quest of Solyman but with bad Fortune for D' Alvaro de Castro was lost with forty Men through Covetousness for having taken some Vessels he so overloaded his own with the Goods that it sunk down to rights Other Ships sustained much damage Hearing that Solyman was drove by stress of Weather to Ioda and had no Defence he resolved to sail thither 3. Ioda or as the Arabs call it Gidda is seated in Arabia Felix in twenty one Degrees and half of North Latitude in a most barren Soil being all a deep Sand. It was a Colony of Moors who attended more to Trade than Delight The Buildings are good but not the Harbour the Inhabitants of two sorts the native Arabs and foreign Merchants The Town was fortified by Mir Hozem after he was defeated by D. Francisco de Almeyda for his own Security being afraid to return to the Soldan but upon pretence of the Defence of the Sepulchre of Mahomet and his Prince When Hozem was busie in this Work came to the Soldan Raez Solyman a Turk of base Parentage but a powerful and bold Pyrate born in the Island Mitylene of the Archipelago He offered himself to command the Fleet of twenty seven Sail that was preparing at Suez to fall upon Aden an employ Mir Hozem had set his Heart upon The old Servant was laid aside and the Stranger received The punishment of this Inconstancy soon fell upon Ioda For Solyman after repairing the Loss sustained at Aden where many of his Men were killed and taking a great Booty in the City Zeibid returned to Gidda where he slew Mir Hozem and then delivered the City to the Turk who not long before had killed the Soldan in Battel
This was the occasion that Lope Soarez found Solyman at Gidda 4. The Port being dangerous Lope Soarez anchored a League from the City in which there was so good Cannon that three or four Peices reached the Ships at that distance There came a Messenger from Solyman offering a private Combat between Man and Man or as Soarez should propose The Challenge was received by Gaspar de Silva and D. Antonio de Meneses but the Governor would not permit saying he would answer ashore He sounded a Channel that goes up to the City which was terrified by the firing of a Galeon Solyman appeased the Tumult and appeared with some Men without the Walls whilst multitudes appeared on them filling the Air with loud Cries Lope Soarez delayed the landing two days till his Men began to complain of the delay He appeased them by shewing his Instructions wherein he was ordered to fight the Fleet which he could not compass not to attack that City where there might be much danger and little profit Tho Votes differed it was resolved in Council to desist He retired to the Island Camaran whence he sent some to several parts of that Sea Here died Duarte Galvam a studious and ingenious Man who had been Embassador in several parts of Europe and was going now in the same quality being above seventy years of Age to Prester Iohn At his death he said that his Son George Galvam and all his Men were cast away in their Vessel and that in the Island of Dalaca they had cut off the Heads of Laurence de Cosme and others that were sent thither It being impossible this News could be brought to the Island where he died yet was afterwards found true 5. After suffering much through Famine whereof some Men died and losing seventeen Portugueses taken by the Moors and carried to Gidda Lope Soarez set sail and appeared before the City Zeyla on the Mouth of the Red Sea and the African Shoar called by Ptolomy Emporium Avalite being the great Market of those parts The Town was easily taken being unprovided and burnt and then the Fleet bent its course to Aden 6. Here Soarez found how much he had been to blame in not taking possession when offered by Miramirzan for he finding his Enemy now weaker and the Wall repaired refused by forming Delays what afore he offered with haste Lope Soarez fearing to lose time durst not call Miramirzan to account but set sail designing to do the same at the City Barbora as he had done at Zeyla But the Fleet was scattered by Storms and drove to several Ports and when they came after to hear of one another it was found above eight hundred Men had perished by Hunger Sickness and Shipwrack All which Misfortunes made the loss of the most fortunate Albuquerque be the more lamented 7. Whilst these Disstasters attended Lope Soarez another threatened the City Goa where D. Gutierre de Monroy commanded According to the Orders left him by Soarez some Ships of the Enemy were taken of more Value than Reputation and with more Danger than Profit One Alvaro Madureira who was married in Goa fled to the Enemy and turned Moor then was reconciled and falling again brought the Indians to attack our Ships putting them in great danger And because Troubles seldom come alone it happened that one Ferdinando Caldera who also was married there flying the punishment of Crimes followed the Example of Madureira or as was said terrified by the Threats of D. Gutierre who desired his absence being in love with his Wife This is likely since there was scarce ever any great Mischief without a Woman at the end of it Caldera went to serve Ancostan an Officer of Hidalcan D. Gutierre demanded him because he desired not his absence that way Ancostan refused to deliver him The other challenged him but he accepted not De Gutierre sent one who pretending to be a Deserter should kill Caldera he executed it and was killed upon the Body by the Moors Lope Soarez arriving at Goa was informed by D. Gutierre what had passed and left it to him take the revenge he thought fit of Ancostan which produced the loss of Men and Reputation and brought upon the City a dangerous Siege It fell out thus 8. As soon as D. Gutierre had this leave of the Governor he prepared to put his Designs in execution and when he thought time sent out his Brother D. Fernando with one hundred and fifty Portugueses whereof eighty were Horse and a great number of Canaras against Ancostan At Ponda they routed the Moors who rallying obliged D. Ferdinando to retire having lost two hundred Men killed and taken This caused all the Country to rise in Arms against the Portugueses and Hidalcan pretending the Peace was broke to order his General Sufo Lari to besiege Goa Sufo Lari appeared with four thousand Horse and twenty six thousand Foot and attempted to pass into the Island but was repulsed Hunger began to press the Besieged till three Ships arrived one from Portugal another from Quiloa and another from China so Lari raised the Siege and the former Peace was confirmed 9. The same Misfortune attended Malaca through the ill Government of George de Brito and Animosities of others The People fled from Malaca because of their tyrannical Usage and the King of it that had been prepared to recover it sending before to this effect his General Cerilige de Raja with considerable Forces and some Cannon He intrenched himself and so pressed the Besieged that had not D. Alexius de Meneses come to take the Government with three hundred Men then had ended the Portugues Possession of Malaca 10. Anthony de Saldana arrived now in India with six Ships from Portugal In this Fleet went one Alcacova as Surveyor of the King's Revenue with such a Power as lessened that of Lope Soarez and with a will to take it all away There soon broke out the Flame of Contention between these two Alcacova bore down by such as envied him took revenge on himself by returning to Portugal and on them there by causing them to be called to account for their Proceedings Hence began the hearing Complaints against the Governors and Commanders of India and hence it was that many took more care to heap Riches than Honor knowing them to be a protection against all Crimes Lope Soarez sent D. Iohn de Silveira to the Maldivy Islands D. Alexius de Meneses to Malaca Manuel de la Cerda to Diu and Antony de Soldana with six Ships by the King's Order to the Coast of Arabia They arrived at the City Barbora near to Zeyla and not unlike to it but much less It was taken without resistance the Inhabitants being all fled It was burnt and the Fleet without doing any thing remarkable returned to India at such time as Lope Soarez was sailing for the Island Ceylon CHAP. II. A Continuation of what was done in India the same Year 1517 during the Government of the
same Lope Soarez de Albergaria 1. THE Island Ceylon is opposite to Cape Comori and is the Southermost Land of India within Ganges distant from the Continent sixteen Leagues once as some imagine join'd to it in length about eighty Leagues and forty five in breadth The Southermost Point is in the Latitude of six degrees the most Northerly in about ten In this Sea is a Fishery of precious Pearls The ancient Inhabitants of it called it Ilanare The Persians and Arabs Seradib It took the Name of Ceylon from the Sea that parts it from the Continent because being dangerous and the Chineses having lost a great Fleet there called it Chilam that is to say Danger it somewhat resembles Scylla and corruptly it was called Ceylon This is the ancient Trapobana and not Sumatra as some have imagined It produces many things Cinnamon better than that of all other places Rubies Saphires and other precious Stones much Pepper and Cardamum Brasil Wood and other Dyes great Woods of Palm-trees the Elephants bred there the most sensible much Cattle has good Ports and several Rivers of good Water The Mountains are covered with pleasant Woods one particularly rising the space of seven Leagues on the top whereof is a round plain of about thirty paces Diameter in the Center whereof rises a smooth Rock about six spans above the rest on the Superficies whereof is the Print of a Mans Foot about two spans in length This Footstep is held in great veneration being thought to be of a holy Man born at Delhi who lived many years on that Mountain preaching to the Inhabitants the Belief of one only God who afterwards returning to his own Country sent one of his Teeth to the Kings of that Island as a Token to remember him and they keep it as a Relict whereon they repose much Confidence in time of Danger On this account resort thither many Pilgrims from places a thousand Leagues distant The Island is divided into nine Kingdoms the chiefest Columbo on the West The others Gale on the South Iaula Tanavaca Cande Batecalon Vilacem Triquinamale and Iafanapatam 2. The King of Columbo in Ceylon had a Trade with the Portugueses desired their Friendship and furnished them with Cinnamon from the time of Albuquerque Lope Soarez went thither now with a Design to oblige him to pay Tribute and to build a Fort as King Emanuel desired He had with him seven Gallies two Ships and eight small Vessels with the Materials and Workmen for the Building and 700 Portugues Soldiers They had bad Weather but arrived safe The King presently granted leave to build a Fort and the Moors as soon altered his mind and he received Soarez going to begin the Work in such manner as put him to a streight but in the end the Enemies were put to flight They had fortified themselves to hinder the Work and Lope Soarez did the same now to begin it The King came to composition the Articles were that he should be a Subject to Portugal paying a yearly Tribute of twelve hundred Quintals of Cinnamon twelve Rings of Rubies and Saphires and six Elephants for Soarez would not admit his Excuses wherein he blamed the Foreign Merchants 3. At this time arrived from the Maldives Iohn de Silveyra with four Sail in his way he took two Ships of Cambaya and the King of the Island granted leave to erect a Factory He went with the same Design to Bengala where he was in great Danger for there a Bengalian young Man that sailed with him discovered the taking of the two Ships which were sent to Cochin and so he was looked upon as a Pyrate not worthy to be heard It had been worse with him had not Iohn Coello arrived then with his Ship from Pacem being sent on the same Errand by Ferdinando Perez de Andrade to the King of Bengala Don Iohn de Silveyra set Sail hence after passing the Winter with great hardship especially through Famine He was invited by the King of Arracam to his Port who with the Messenger sent him a Present but all his Kindnesses tended to destroy him at the instigation of the Governour of the other Port. This Treachery took no effect and he arriv'd at Ceylon at the time that Lope Soarez finished the Fort who gave him the command of it and left Anthony de Miranda de Azevedo with four Ships to cruise in that Sea 4. Whilst these things were acted at Maldivia Chatigam and Columbo D. Alexius Meneses secured Malaca being arrived with Men and Amunition and putting an end to the Divisions of the Portugueses about succeeding the Governour who lay dying Alfonso Lopez de Costa had the government and Duarte de Melo the command of the Sea Duarte Coello was sent with an Embassy and Present from King Emanuel to him of Siam the substance of it was to confirm the Peace and as a token of it that he would send People to inhabit Malaca that so the Moors whom he hated as much as we might be totally expelled He granted all with great satisfaction and as a testimony of his Sincerity caused to be erected in a remarkable place of the City Hudia where he then was a Cross with the Arms of Portugal on it Coello having thus succeeded was thrown by stress of weather upon the Coast of Pam the King whereof received him friendly and voluntarily submitted himself to the Crown of Portugal with an yearly tribute of a Gold Cup. This action was done rather in hatred to the King of Bintam than of any love to us 5. The Kingdom of Siam where Coello had now been setling Peace is one of the three greatest of Asia the others are that of China and that of Bisnagar The great River Menam runs through the middle of the Kingdom of Siam as it lies in length the River has its spring in the great Lake Chiamay in the Latitude of 30 Degrees and falls into the Sea in 13 Degrees so that the length of this Kingdom is 330 Leagues On the West of it is Bengala on the South Malaca on the East Cambodia and on the North China It contains much Mountain and Plain and in both sundry sorts of People some most barbarous and cruel who feed on human Flesh as the Guei who for ornament make figures on their Bodies with hot Irons Here are bred many Elephants black Cattle and Buffaloes It has many Sea-port Towns and populous Cities Hudia is the Metropolis or Court The Faith of the Siamites agrees in many considerable points with the Christian as one God Heaven and Hell Good and Bad Angels attending each body They build sumptuous Temples in which they place Idols of vast bigness They are very religious sparing in Diet much given to divination studious particularly in Astrology All the Land is most fruitful abounds in Gold and Silver and other Metals The memorable services of Subjects are recorded to be read to the Prinçes not the favours of the Kings Against this King
of Silk much Fish and Cattle of sundry sorts The Natives are Pagans the Moors first came in as Merchants then possessed themselves as Lords since the year 1400. Of the Natives those they call Batas who inhabit the inland are most brutal eating human flesh The Moors dwell on the Coast. They use several Languages but chiefly that of Malaca Their Weapons were poisoned Arrows like those of Iava from whom they are descended afterwards they used our Arms. The Island is divided into nine Kingdoms that of Pedir was once the greatest now that of Pacem whose Kings are no longer lived than the Rabble pleases George de Albuquerque now carried one of their Princes expelled to restore him to his Crown either by persuasion or by 〈◊〉 he having to this effect fled to the protection of the Portugueses when Alfonso de Albuquerque took Malaca 2. George Albuquerque arriving at the Island and assisted by the neighbouring King of Ara proposed to the Usurper to quit the Kingdom to the lawful Prince who had submitted himself to the King of Portugal Genial the Usurper offered the same submission to keep his possession The Offer was refused and Albuquerque went to attack him in his Fort which was scaled and the Gate broke open but valiantly maintained by thirty Men who were in a Tower over it with the Usurper himself till Cid Cerveyra with a Musket Shot which went through his Forehead brought him down whereupon the thirty Men dismayed and fled The Flower of three thousand Moors assaulted by three hundred of our Men courageously defended a large Court or place of Arms assisted by the Elephants Hector de Silveyra directing his Lance to the Trunk of one the Beast put it by and laying hold of his Body threw him into the Air but so fortunately that he lived Two others succeeded better one killing the Rider the other wounded the Elephant so that he flew back making great havock among his own party The Moors retired to a lesser place and being close pursued the King of Aru coming on to our assistance in due time two thousand of the Enemy were slain Four or five Men of Note were killed on our side many wounded George de Albuquerque twice in the Face Next day the dispossessed Prince was restored with great state and made tributary to King Emanuel and a Fort raised there as in other places 3. At this time arrived at the same Port Antony de Brito with the Fleet that had been commanded by his Brother George who with the choice of his Men was killed on the shoar of Achem twenty Leagues distant from Pacem and was sent thither with six Sail and three hundred Men. Behold an example of Avarice and Ingratitude Iohn de Borba after suffering Shipwrack having been tossed nine days on the Waves with nine Companions and cast upon the shoar of Achem was received and relieved by that King as if he had been in his native Country But George de Brito arriving he informs him there was great store of Gold in the Tombs of the Kings and the more to induce him to commit the Robbery said the King had taken away the Goods of some Portugueses Brito after some inquiry into the Business began to pick a quarrel with the King and seise upon that Gold He landed with two hundred Men and finding a Fort in his way took it Two Drunken Men issuing out after the taking were killed by the Enemy and several succeeding to relieve or revenge them George de Brito was at last obliged to come to their Succour at such time as the King came on with a thousand Men and six Elephants Here Brito and most of his Men were killed among them fifty of Note This is the just Reward of Injustice Ingratitude and Avarice The sad Remainder retired to their Ships the Command whereof fell to Antony de Brito Brother to him slain who now joined Albuquerque in the Port of Pacem where he left some Men and three Ships which were afterwards of use against a Moor who infested that Coast. 4. George de Albuquerque returning to Malaca and taking possession of that Command prepared to make War upon the King of Bintam who was forty Leagues distant from Malaca in the Island Bintam of forty Leagues circumference The Island was well fortified having two strong Castles and the Rivers staked so that it seemed almost inaccessible Albuquerque set out from Malaca with eighteen Sail and six hundred Men. Finding it impossible for the Ships to come up he landed his Men in Boats to attack a Fort but the Water being up to their middles and the Enemies shot very thick they were forced to retire without doing any execution and having lost twenty Men and many wounded 5. Hence Antony de Brito set sail for the Maluco Islands which are in the midst of many others under the Equinoctial about three hundred Leagues from Malaca Eastward The principal of them are five about twenty five Leagues distant from each other Their Names tho in general called Malucos are Ternate Tidore Mousell Maquien Bacham The biggest not above six Leagues in circumference They are covered with Woods and Fogs therefore unhealthy These five produce â—…ves but no manner of Food and thâ—…and Batochina sixty Leagues in length produces Food but no Cloves In some there are flaming Mountains chiefly in Ternate Their chief Sustenance is Meal made of the Bark of Trees like to the Palm from these and others they have Wine and Vinegar There is a sort of Canes that in the hollow have a Liquor delightful to drink The Inhabitants are not great Lovers of Flesh though they have plenty more of Fish of which there is an infinite quantity They are not affable but warlike and most swift either in running or swimming Idolaters as to their Religion Of their Origen there is no account They were in process of times possessed by Moors since whose first coming to them there was yet living an old Master when Brito arrived 6. To these Islands and particularly Ternate Brito was sent to build a Fort which long since Boylefe the King thereof had desired Others had gone before but to no effect as in the time of Albuquerque Antony de Abreu who lost one of the three Ships he carried but saved the Men. He arrived in the Island Banda five go under this name but it is most proper to the chief which is like an earthly Paradice one great Ornament of it being the Plant which produces the Mace Antony de Abreu returned to Malaca but his other Captain Francis Serram was drove to Ternate the King whereof seeing him and some of his Men in Armour concluded a Prophecy was fulfilled which foretold that Men of Iron should come to that Island who would make it famous Anthony de Miranda went thither afterwards Francis Serram staying there to expect an answer from King Emanuel to the Letters of the Kings of Ternate and Tidore each striving to have the Fort built
in this â—…sland D Tristane de Meneses afterwards carried this answer Because the difference increased about the same thing between the two Kings and the King of Bachan who desired the same Tristan defferred the work to avoid the danger and get loading for five Ships he had with him This was what happened from the taking of Malaca till this time when Anthony de Brito undertook the Affairs of Maluco 7. He had six Ships and above 300 Men. At the Island Agacim he met D. Garcia Enriquez with four Sail. They set out together and Brito arrived at Ternate at such time as the King Boleyfe was dead and he of Tidore had admitted to the Spaniards thinking himself as happy in them as Ternate could be in the Portugueses Yet seeing the Queen of Ternate Governess of her Son received Brito with great Joy he visited and finding him displeased on account of the new Guests he had entertained offered to deliver them up to him This he thought would oblige him to build the Fort at Tidore which at length was done at Ternate as the most convenient Brito laying the first Stone and after him all the Captains and Men of note crowned with Garlands it being upon the Feast of St. Iohn the Baptist. 8. At this time a Correspondence was held between Francis Serram at Ternate and Ferdinando de Magallanes in Portugal which turned to the advantage of Spain and trouble of Portugal Magallanes or as he is commonly called among us Magellan was a Gentleman of good Note a Man of Valour and Knight of Santiago and had served well at Azamor in Africk and in sundry parts of India He solicited for a sort of allowance given usually to Men of service in Spain and Portugal very inconsiderable for the value but of much esteem for the honour of it With much Justice he might pretend to it and therefore finding a refusal proceeding from the malicious accusations of some Men which found more Credit than his Service he resolved to quit the Kingdom and go over to the Emperour Charles the V. his Service By his skill in Sea-Affairs and the Correspondence he held with Serram at Maluco he guessed there might be another way to India and this at such time as the Spaniard had began to taste the Fruit of those Islands and accordingly he writ to Serram that he hoped soon to be his Guest at Ternate going thither a new way In order hereunto he went and offered his Service in Spain was admitted and the command of five Ships given him with 250 Men some of them Portugueses He sailed from the Port of St. Lucar de Barrameda on the 20th of September 1519. Many at this time took the liberty to rail and cast reproaches upon him but he to take off the occasion had by a solemn act unnaturalized himself Princes should be cautious of forcing to desperate actions by injustice such Men as have deserved rewards 9. These Ships being past the Rio de Ianeyro on the Coast of Brasil the Men began to be mutinous but much more when having passed the River S. Iulian they found not the Streight they looked for and began to be pinched with the great cold of that Climat Hence proceeded some disrespectful discourses against Magellan not only reflecting on his Knowledge but also his Fidelity He finding it run high and that of necessity he must give them some satisfaction suppressing the best he could the anger that began to swell his Breast called together the Principal Men to whom he made a large and learned discouse He spoke of Navigation in general then of Discoveries and the Pains and Hardships that great Undertakings are subject to he encouraged them by the example of all the great Discoverers that had been before them he put them in mind that the World would say the Spaniards were less daring than the Portugueses and after proposing many motives of Honour and Glory concluded with threatning to put in execution the Power of Life and Death the King had given him and accordingly to punish such as were refractory This instead of a Compliance produced fresh Disputes more Disagreement and finally a Conspiracy to kill Magellan thinking no other means were left to prevent the prosecution of this Voyage The Chief Conspirators were three Captains Cartagene Quixada and Mendoça The Design was discovered and Mendoça immediately stabbed and after quartered the other two were taken and Quixada quartered alive both as Traytors Cartagena with a Priest who had a hand in the Design were set ashoar on that barbarous Coast most of the Men were in the Conspiracy but it was necessary to pardon them least he should want them to prosecute the Voyage Whilst they wintered there he sent some Men into the Country who went up about twenty Leagues and brought some of the Natives of the stature of Giants being above three yards high After suffering much through Cold and Hunger and continual Labour in the Ships being almost spent they reached the Cape they called De las Virgenes or Of the Virgins because discovered on the Day of the 11000 Virgins It lies in 52 Degrees of South Latitude Below it they discovered the mouth of the Streight they looked for bâ—…ing a League wide Being entred they found within in some places the same bredth in others somewhat more and in others much less The Land high on both sides part bare and part covered with Woods many of Cypress and much Snow which made the tops of the Mountains appear the higher Having run about 50 Leagues in this Streight they spied another and Magellan sent one Ship to discover it but having staid much beyond the limited time for her return and no news of her he ordered the Astrologer Andrew Martin to erect a Figure and he answered they were gone back to Spain and that the Captain Alvaro de Mesquita was carried as a Prisoner for opposing that resolution It proved so and they spent eight Months in the Voyage Magellan somewhat troubled at this action called the Chief Men to Council and contrary to the Opinions of all resolved to proceed Which he put in execution and came out into the South Sea with only three Ships of the five that which Iohn Serrano commanded being lost but the Men though with much difficulty all saved 10. To shun the Cold which tormented them he sailed towards the Equinoctial steering W. N W. and being 1500 Leagues from the mouth of the Streight found an Island in 18 Degrees of South Latitude and 200 Leagues farther another Having lost his computation for the Malucos he found several Islands in 15 Degrees and a half of North Latitude and at last came to that called Subo in 10 Degrees of North Latitude being about 12 Leagues in circumference He was well received by the King and the Natives and so good a disposition he found among them that the King Queen their Children and above 800 Persons were baptized This Prince was at War with
a Neighbour and made use of Magellan's Assistance against him After two Victories he was killed in a third Battle together with the Astrologer and some others on the 27th of April 1521. The King who in Baptism was called Ferdinand seeing that slaughter agreed with his Enemy to kill all the Christians that were ashoar and inviting them to Dinner poysoned them all They who were aboard being too few for three Ships burnt one and set sail with the other two one of them the famous Victory commanded by Iohn Sebastian Cano. They arrived at the Malucos and were received at Tidore by the King in hatred of the Portugueses and Ternatenses for their late Differences There they loaded with Spice and went thence to Banda where they took in more with the Assistance of Iohn de Lourosa a Portugues The second Ship returned to Ternate some of the Men being dead and the rest spent by a contagious Disease Antony de Brito treated them as if they had been his Country-men not intruding Strangers relieved and sent them to India whence they returned in our Ships to their Country The famous Ship the Victory returned with triumph to Spain after performing that wonderful Voyagé about the World Their arrival raised new Contests between the Emperour Charles the V. and our King Iohn the III. because the Maluco Islands belonged to Portugal according to the former agreement The Year 1524. there was a meeting of Civilians and Geographers about this Affair between Badajoz and Elvas which fell to nothing But was afterwards setled in the Year 1525. CHAP. VI. Continues still the government of James Lopez de Sequeyra and reign of King Emanuel 1. IT is absolutely necessary something be said of those Captains who the foregoing years were sent to several parts tho' what they did was in relation to Trade a subject unbecoming a grave History Fernan Perez de Andrade had secured the Trade of China in the City Quantung The profit was exceeding great and all Mens desires were directed thither His Brother Simon de Andrade obtained leave of the Governour to undertake that Voyage with five Ships They anchored in the Port of the Island Tamou opposite to Quantung where the other had been Our Embassadour to the King of China was not yet gone thence but went soon after up a large River with three Vessels richly furnished with Portugues Colours it being a received Custom that none but those of China should be seen there which are Gules a Lyon Rampant In this manner he came to the foot of the Mountain in which are the Springs of the River he sailed This Mountain is called Malexam which beginning at the Bay of Couchin china in the Province of Fokien divides three Southern Provinces that is Quangsi Quantung and Fokien as the Perineans Spain and France In one of the only two Ports there are in this division Thomas Perez landed and travelled Northwards to the Province and City Nanking where the King then was having spent four Months in the Journey without staying at any place So large is that Empire That Prince designed to give him audience at Peking a City farther distant The Embassadour followed But now appear the effects of trading avarice for whilst he travelled Simon de Andrade behaved himself after such a manner in the Island Tamou that an account of his bad proceedings was sent after Thomas Perez The Embassadour set out but the Information reached the King first and was fully credited He and his Companions were condemned to death as Spies The rigour of the Sentence was mitigated but the Embassy not received and they sent back Prisoners to Quantung with order that in case the Portugueses would restore Malaca to its King who was a subject to China they they might be restored and heard otherwise these should be punished and none ever admitted but treated as Enemies 2. Simon de Andrade was proud and conceited and thought by high Hand to authorize his unjust dealing To this end as if he had been King of that Island he raised a Fort and set up a Gallows to terrify the People He committed violence upon the Merchants who resorted thither contrary to their Privileges and bought young People of both Sexes without the usual precautions giving occasion to Thieves to steal them from their Parents These extravagancies which lost nothing by the carriage were heard by the King before Thomas Perez and had the effect above related At this time arrived there Iames Calva with one Ship from Lisbon and others from Malaca The Portugueses agree in acting more insolently which wholly exasperated the Governours of Quantung who to punish them secured some and contrived to take the Ship arrived last They began to act when Duarte Coello arrived with two Vessels from Malaca well manned and provided The Itao or Admiral of that Sea attacked them with fifty Sail did some and received greater damage from our Artillery was forced to retire and lying off kept them besieged Forty Days he had kept them in when Ambrose del Rego came with two Ships more from Malaca and it was resolved to force their way through Itaos's Fleet and get out of the Island The Fight was bloody but a Storm rising dispersed the Enemies Fleet and left ours in safety The Itao revenged this Disaster upon some of our People that arrived there and upon the Embassadour Thomas Perez and his Companions who being returned to Quantung were all slain and robbed of the Present sent to that King and what Perez had gained We will not pass it in silence to show how great was the return of this Trade for this Man being of base Parentage and by Trade an Apothecary though chosen for Embassadour for his good Parts yet at this time there was found with him 2000 weight of Rhubarb 1600 pieces of Damask 400 of other Silks above 100 ounces of Gold and 2000 of Silver three quarters of a hundred of loose Musk and above 3000 Purses of it at first called Papos and much other Merchandise 3. Mocrin King of Lasah refused to pay the tribute due to the King of Ormuz for the Islands of Baharem and Catifa on the Coast of Arabia and he of Ormuz was backward in paying us excusing himself with the failure of the other He had already sent a considerable Force with some Assistance of Portugueses to reduce him but to no effect He now resolved to do it effectually and treated about it with Iames Lopez de Sequeyra who to secure our tribute consented to assist him against his Enemy The King of Ormuz set out 200 Vessels with 3000 Arabs and Persians The Portugues party consisted of seven Ships and 400 Men commanded by Anthony Corea All our Ships arrived at Baharem Raez Xaraso commanded the Ormuzians some whereof came not up Mocrin was well prepared to receive them with 300 Arabian Horse 400 Persian Archers 20 Turkish Musquetiers besides Natives and above 11000 armed with several Weapons strong Intrenchments and other Works
the Wall well furnished with Cannon all under the Care of tried Commanders The Persian Gulph lies between Arabia and Persia from which last as the noblest it takes its name This most famous Part be gins at Cape Iasque or Carpela in twenty six degrees of Northern Latitude and ends at the Mouth of the River Euphrates along this Coast are many Cities Rivers Woods and Islands It is not so on the other side which beginning at C. Mozandan or Assaborum and ending where it meets with Persia yet in all that distance has but four Towns in which is a Fishery of Pearl Catifa is opposite to Baharem and is thirty Leagues round and seven in length distant from Ormuz one hundred and ten It s greatest product is Tamarins but has all other Fruit that is usual in Spain The greatest Town is of the same Name there being in the Island about three hundred Villages The Inhabitants are Moors and Arabs the Air unhealthy The Pearl found here tho not so much in quantity is of more value than that of Ceylon in India or Hainan in China Opposite to the Island on the Continent is the City Lasah whereof Mocrim was King who now was provided against us at Baharem 5. Raez Zarafo was ordered to relieve where he should see the greatest need whilst Correa landed with one hundred and seventy Portugueses to which his Brother Ayres carried the Van with fifty all of them knee-deep in Water The Trenches assaulted the Fight was hot the King encouraging his Men at the Head of them till Weariness and Heat obliged both parties to take breadth Being recovered they return to the Attack and the King being shot through the Thigh whereof six days after he died his Men fainted and great numbers being killed and wounded they left us a complete Victory Raez Xarafo from his Vessel looked on all the time But after knowing the dead Body of the King was carried over to be buried at Lasah he obtained leave to go take it and having performed it cut off the Head which was carried to Ormuz We had many wounded seven killed and the Island in two hours was restored to our Homager For this reason Antony Correa had the Title of Baharem added to his Name and the Head of a King to his Arms which continues in his posterity 6. Whilst our Arms were exercised at Baharem they were not idle in India They assisted the King of Cochin against him of Calicut who braved it with two hundred thousand Men the other having but forty thousand The Portugues Aid being but forty Men thirty of them Musquetiers yet so terrified the Enemy that they retired Iames Fernandez de Beja who was left by the Governor before Diu now came to him to Ormuz ill treated by the Vessels of Melique Az whose double dealing was now visible Iames Lopez thought to mitigate the Grief of this Accident by another more grateful and brought new Trouble upon himself at Ormuz thinking to prevent the Frauds of that Custom-House To this effect he placed Portugues Officers in it which so exasperated the Natives who were concerned that thev endeavoured to shake off our Yoke as shall appear in its proper place 7. Now Iames Lopez designed to reassume the Business against Diu and therefore sent before Iames Fernandez de Beja with four Galeons to hinder any Ships entring that Port he executed it effectually and took some But Melique Az his Vessels coming out with much Cannon and better Fortune they sunk one of our Ships and did much damage in the others till the Wind which had failed favouring they were obliged to retire With like Fortune Iames Lopez drew near for having taken a Ship by the way and divided the Moors were in her among his those who were allotted to Antony Correa set fire to the Powder which blew the Poop into the Air and sunk the Vessel so miserably ended that brave Captain who had triumphed over King Mocrin These Misfortunes obliged Iames Lopez to desist from the Enterprise and go over to Chaul 8. Here he found Ferdinando Camelo whocame from the Court of Nizamaluco with leave for us to build a Fort there for his own ends and chiefly for the importation of Horses which at that time was the Trade of Goa only The Work was begun and Melique Az fearing it would lessen the Trade of Diu and encrease our Power resolved to obstruct it He appeared in the Sea of Chaul with above fifty Vessels of his own and Confederates and presently sunk a great Ship in which Peter de Silva de Meneses was newly come from Ormuz and for for the space of twenty days did much damage in the Ships and Gallies wherewith D. Alexius de Meneses opposed them Notwithstanding all dangers the Work was carried on with good success 9. But it being necessary for the Governor to repair to Cochin because his Successor was arrived and he must prepare to return home he set out of Dabul rushing through the Dangers that surrounded the Work He left his Nephew Henry de Meneses to command the Fort and Antony Correa at Sea 10. Whilst Iames Lopez sailed to Cochin Agâ—… Mahamud who commanded Melique Az his Fleet came to hinder the Work of the Fort. To secure the Entrance of the River there was raised opposite to the Work a Bulwark which was committed to the Care of Peter vaz Permeo with upwards of thirty Men Mahamud sent three hundred by night to surprize this Bulwark whilst he on the other side gave a Diversion They reached the place by morning and the three hundred unexpectedly assaulted the thirty and the thirty fought as if they had been three hundred for tho the Captain and some others were killed they maintained the place till Ruy Vaz Pereyra came with sixty Men and put to flight about two hundred of the Enemy the rest being killed This Success daunted our Enemies and among them Xeih Mamud a great Man in the City who feigning himself our Friend sought our Ruin and now sent a Present and to congratulate for this good Fortune with Antony Correa Correa who knew his Designs sent him for an Answer the Heads of the chief Men who carried the Present and hanged the Bodies along the Shoar The Barbarian was astonished but began to act openly what before he had done underhand encouraging the Aga by giving him intelligence of our Scarcity of Ammunition but then arrived D. Luis de Meneses to whom Correa gave up the Command Mean while Iames Lopez de Sequeyra with his Ships set out from Cochin for Portugal He governed three years was of a ruddy Complexion a white Beard is painted with a Truncheon in his Hand a Coat of Mail his Cap and upper Garment black the Sleeves Lining and Breeches blew He was the fourth Governor CHAP. VII The Government of D. Duarte de Meneses in the Year 1522 when began the Reign of King John III. 1. D. Duarte de Meneses now Governor of India tho
appears there is no Security in things that are aged 7. D. Duarte set out for Ormuz with â—…ix Sail two of them Gallies which on the Coast of Diu took a rich Ship coming from Pegu. Which lying between them in the night the Moors perceived her sinking and the Men in our Gallies asleep so they furiously rushed into one of them and our Men fled to the other who seeing the Moors flie with their Vessel and the other sink took no notice so that more Credit was lost by this Action than had been gained before Melique Saca Lord of Diu afterwards had this Galley laid up as if taken by his Vessels About this time Iohn Rodriguez de Noronha who commanded at Ormuz pressed that King to come thither from Queixome to live as he had agreed with D. Luis de Meneses it was effected with the Death of one of his Favourites killed by a bold Moor whom D. Luis had hired before his Departure 8. Don Duarte being arrived at Ormuz examined who were the deepest in the late Rebellion and it appeared they were found most guilty who had the least Power For Raez Xarafo a mighty Man and the very Soul of those Troubles was rewarded and Raez Xamexir who according to agreement with D. Luis had killed Raez Xâ—…dim another Tyrant over those Kings was banished instead of receiving the promised Reward The young King not protected by the Innocence of his Years had the Tribute laid on him of thirty five thousand Xeraphins besides the former twenty five thousand which he could not pay when the City flourished and must now pay so much more when it was ruined Whilst this was acted at Ormuz D. Luis sailed towards the Red Sea whither his Brother sent him with nine Ships one whereof perished at Zocotora On the Coast of Arabia he took and plundered the Town of Xaer because they refused to restore the Goods of a Portugues who died there At Verruma he burnt some Ships then battered the City Aden he entred the Red Sea but did nothing considerable and so returned to Ormuz where he found his Brother the Governor with whose Proceedings there he was so much dissatisfied that he left him and sailed for Diu but being forced back by the Weather to Ormuz kept him company to India There they found two Ships of nine that came out this year from Lisbon 9. That part of the Continent about Goa which belonged to Hidalcan and was taken from him by Ruy de Melo whilst he was busied with the War of Narsinga was now lost by Francis Pereyra Pestana Hidalcan having no other Care but the Recovery thereof Pestana was brave and opposed the Enemies Power Ferdinando Rodriguez Barba obtained a signal Victory over them Five thousand Foot and four hundred Horse of them were after defeated by Ferdinando and Anâ—…z Sotomayor with few Foot and only thirty Horse Nevertheless by degrees the Country return'd to the Obedience of Hidalcan and was confirmed to him by the late Treaty of Peace 10. D. Duarte de Meneses began to inquire into such things as related to S Thomas the Apostle a particular Care of our Kings This was what could now and some time after be discovered In the year 1517 certain Portugueses sailed with an Armenian and landing at Paleacate of the Province of Coromandel in the Kingdom of Bisnagar he invited them to go visit the place where were the Ruins of many Builddings the Stones of several Colours still retaining the Footsteps of Grandeur and Art In the middle was a Chappel entire of indifferent Structure on the inside and outside whereof were carved many Crosses like to the antient ones of the military Order of Alcantara which is Fleury Fitched A Moor resided there who coming thither blind miraculously recovered his sight He said That his Forefathers lighted that holy Body that there was a Tradition that Church whereof only this part was standing was built by the same Saint when he preached the Christian Faith there and that there were buried with him two of his Disciples and a King converted by his Miracles Upon this Information D. Duarte sent thither Emanuel de Faria or Frias and a Priest and Mason to repair the Chappel opening the Foundation of one side that was like to fall about the depth of an Ell they found a Stone-Tomb with an Inscription containing That when Thomas built that Church the King of Miliapor gave him the Duties of all Merchandize imported which was the Tenths Going deeper they found a Hollow in which it was reported the Saint lay Here they found between two Stones a Body and the two ends of a Lance the But and Spear These were believed to be the Bones of the Apostle because those of the King and Disciple also found were not so white They were put into a China Chest and the others into another and hid in the Altar Inquiry being made it appeared by the ancient Records of the Kingdom that it was above fifteen hundred years since the Saint came to that City called Meliapor then in a flourishing Condition in and about which there was a Tradition there had been three thousand three hundred stately Churches that it was then twelve Leagues from the Sea the Ruins being now upon the very Shore That the Saint had said When the Sea should reach thither a People would come from the West and preach the same Faith he did That he converted the King and all his Family dragging out of the Sea a vast piece of Timber which all the Force of Elephants and Art of Men could not move the King coveting it for his Buildings and the Apostle for the Church That a Bramen chief Priest to the King envious of his Miracles had killed his own Son and accused the Saint of the Murder but he restoring the Child to life caused him to say who was the Murderer An Armenian Bishop who had spent twenty years in visiting the Christians of the inland of Coulam swore he found what follows in their Writings That the twelve Apostles being dispersed through the World Thomas Bartholomew and Iudas Thaddeus came together to Babilon and there parted That the last preached in Arabia since possessed by the Moors the other in Persia and was buried in a Convent of Armenian religious Men near the City Tabris and the first embarquing at Baçora on the Banks of Euphrates crossed the Persian Gulph preached at Zocotora came to Meliapor passed to China where he built Churches and returned to Meliapor where having done what is said he at last suffered Martyrdom through the malice of the Bramens who to execute their Design counterfeited a quarrel whilst he was preaching to find an opportunity of stoning him and was at last by one of them run through with a Lance and buryed by his Disciples in that Church of his own Building Another Learned Man a Native of Coulam affirmed That there and at Cranganor were two Houses built by the Disciples of Thomas who were buried in
see how Misfortunes when once they break out overflow 7. Till now the King of Pam had been a Friend to our good Fortune but at present seeing she favoured him he turned against us George de Albuquerque ignorant of this change sent three Ships to his Port for Provisions where two of the Captains and his thirty Men were killed the third flying this danger met it at Iava he and all his Company perishing there Simon de Abreu and Crew were killed in another Action and in another D. Garcia Enriquez sent to hinder Provisions coming to Bintam lost two Vessels 8. At Surubaya in Iava ten or twelve Portugueses were killed Sebastian Sousa and Martin Correa found Alfonso de Melo Iusarte in great danger at Banda having offended the Inhabitants of Cantor through Covetousness 9. Such was the posture of Affairs at the Malucos whilst these thing happened Antony de Brito had put the Fort into a very good Condition when two Bastard Sons of the late King of Ternate disagreeing and the King of Tidore seeking revenge because the Portugueses had not built in his Island he agrees with his Daughter the Queen Dowager of Ternate to carry on his Design at the same time that she had consented to make war upon him But all the Contrivance was discovered the young King and his Brothers brought to the Fort and the Queen fled to the mountain The War began and Tidore was besieged There George Pinto was killed with six Portugueses and forty Seamen 10. The Siege continuing some places were assaulted At Mariaco was a Fort on a high Ground well gaâ—…isoned Martin Correa first and after him Iohn Mendez entered it with twenty Men. Leonel de Lima relieves them and at last the Governor of Ternate Bastard Son to the late King coming on with his Men the Tidores were put to flight and most of them slain Several other places being taken the King of Tidore begged peace which was not granted him But because there now comes a Successor to D. Duarte de Meneses let us take leave of him he was of a ruddy Complexion his Beard black his Cap upper Gaâ—…nt and Breeches black the Doublet Crimson and the Linings He governed three years and was the fifth Governor CHAP. IX The Government of the Viceroy D. Vasco de Gama and of the Governor D. Enrique de Meneses the Year 1524 till that of 25 in the Reign of King John the Third 1. NOW the manner of receiving and delivering up the Government seems to be settled it will not be amiss with our usual Brevity to give some account of it At first the Wisdom and Experience of the person to be chose were considered as well as his Birth Afterwards the Birth was thought a sufficient Qualification Gentility among Portugueses being of more account than Virtue and Merit which has been the ruin of our first acquired Reputation The Viceroy or Governor for the Office is the same tho the Title differ solemnly swears That he made no Interest to procure that Employ how needless the Question and false the Oath that he will do Justice and follow his Instructions that in bestowing Employments he will not have more regard to his Kindred and Servants than to the Kings and such as deserve that he will take no Bribes All Vows made in storms all forgot as soon as out of danger Can any thing be better swore or any thing less observed In India the succeeded delivers the Government to the Successor in the condition it is and a publick Instrument thereof is made There are always three or four sealed Patents called Successions in case the Governor should die He sailed this year for India with the Title of Count de Vidigueyra and fouâ—…teen Sail and in them three thousand fighting Men. Two Vessels perished with all the Men a third was lost and the Men saved Mossâ—…m Gaspar was basely killed by his Caravels Crew only because he was no Portuguese These Ships being in the Sea of Cambaya in a dead Calm on a sudden they tâ—…ssed so that all thought themselves lost every one thinking how to save himself D Vasco the Viceroy perceiving it was the effect of an Earthquake he cryed out with a loud Voice Courage my Friends for the Sea trembles for fear of you that are upon it One Man who leaped over-board to save himself was lost such as lay sick of Fevers were cured with the Fright D. George de Meneses one of the Captains took a great Ship of Meca worth sixty thousand Câ—…owns The Fleet arrived at Goa 2. The new Viceroy visited some Forts gave necessary Orders and from Cochin sent three Vessels of Oars towards Calicut to curb those Indians who began to be outragious One of them fought three hours with fifty 〈◊〉 large Indian Vessels lost three Men and had been lost had not his Companions relieved him and put them to flight Hierom de Sousa was ordered with six Vessels against the Malabars of that Coast who defeated forty Catures Indian Vessels commanded by Cotiale a valiant Moor who hindered the carrying Provisions to the Fort of Calicut Two Gallies having joined him afterwards he fought eighty Paraos in the River of Bracalor bound for Cambaya with Spice he took twelve of them with the loss of four Men. He ordered the Commander of the Fort in Ceylon to quit it as not worth the keeping and had the same Orders for that of Pacem but necessity had before caused it to be executed Simon Sâ—…dre was sent to Maldiva with four Ships to oppose the Moors who infested us He fought a Moor of Cananor who had six Vessels took two and the four narrowly escaped The Viceroy tho sick had greater Designs in hand but Death drawing on he named Lope Vaz de Sampayo his Successor till such time as D. Enrique de Meneses who was at Goa and the next named in the Patents came He died upon Christmas-Eve having been Viceroy three months was of a middle stature somewhat gross ruddy Complexion he is painted with a black Cap Cloak and Breeches edged with Velvet all slashed through which appears the Crimson Lining the Doublet of Crimson Sattin and over it his Armour inlaid with Gold D. Vasco had a natural Boldness for any great Undertaking angry he was terrible a great sufferer of Labour and hasty in execution of Justice In fine fit for all that was intrusted him as Captain as discoverer and as Viceroy He was the sixth in the number of Governors and second of Viceroys 3. Lope Vaz de Sampayo sent Francis de Sa to carry the News of his access to the Government to D. Enrique de Meneses at Goa He delivered that Command to the said Francis de Sa and came away immediately First he sent his Nephew D. George Telo with a Galliot and five Paraos against a Fleet that infested the Coast. They met thirty eight Vessels laden with Spice under the Command of Cutiale took four and forced the rest ashore The
slain the rest fled and the Town was plundered The Wife of Arel and other persons of Note were taken with much Gold Silver Jewels Silks and other Stuffs good Cannon and thirteen considerable Vessels all was put to the Sword first and then delivered up to the Flames without the loss of one Man The Governor returning to Cochin found there two Ships that came from Portugal with Nuno de Cuna who came to take upon him that Government and was behind with most of the Fleet. Lope Vaz desired to deliver up India to him cleansed of Pyrats and so prosecuted his Undertakings He went to Cananor and sent his Nephew Simon de Melo against Marabia a Town not far distant who burnt twelve of the Paraos that guarded the Port and landing fired the Town The same he did at mount Delii Antony de Silva de Meneses acted in the same nature at other places There was nothing every where but Fire and Sword Ruin and Destruction 14. The King of Cambaya at this time had fitted out eighty Barques against Nizamaluco Lord of Chaul and did harm to the Portugueses Alexiath a valiant â—…oor commanded that Fleet and our Commander at Chaul and Nizamaluco both demanded aid of Lopâ—… Vaz He set out with forty Sail in which were above a thousand Portugueses besides the Natives who bore Arms. Hector de Silveyra had the Command of the Vessels that rowed Lope Vaz being arrived at Chaul sent eighty Portugueses under the Command of Iohn de Avelar to Nizamaluco then sailed towards Diu understanding the eighty Barques steered that way Off of Bombaim he had sight of them Some Vessels run to secure the mouth of the River Bandora left the Enemy might escape that way Hector de Silveyra with his Brigantines fetched up Aleixiath The Cannon began a furious Charge and the Smoak being dispersed there appeared in the Air showers of Bullets and Arrows Then they boarded and after a vigorous Engagement Alixiath fled with only seven of his eighty Barques Thirty three of them were of use the rest burnt the Prisoners were many much Artillery taken and abundance of Ammunition Hector lost not one Man in this glorious Action to which Lope Vaz was a joyful Spectator tho envious of Silveyra's Glory Iohn de Avelar acted no less for scaling an almost impregnable Fort of the King of Cambaya he was the first that entered and having slain all the Defendants delivered it up to Nizamaluco Here three Portugueses were lost They were all assisted by a thousand of Nizamaluco's â—…ubjects That Prince honored and rewarded the Bravery of the Portugueses 15. Lope Vaz overjoyed with this success thought Diu now weakened would surrender if he appeared before it and he judged right as afterwards appeared But all the Captains except Hector de Silveyra being of a contrary opinion he was forced to desist and went back to Goa leaving the famous Hector with twenty two Vessels that rowed to scour that Coast of Pirats Antony de Miranda on that of Malabar drove all that came in his way He had destroyed twelve Paraos when Christopher de Melo the Governor's Nephew joined him with a hundred choice Men in six Brigantines and a Gally Then they took in the River Chale a mighty Ship of Calicut laden with Pepper and bravely defended by much Artillery and eight hundred Men. Near Monte Hermoso or Mount Beautiful they defeated fifty Sail of Calicut and took much Cannon and many Men in three Paraos But the Winter coming on they retired 16. Hector de Silveyra who was left with his Brigantines on the Coast of Cambaya did much execution He run up the River Nagotana of Baçaim and landed the Natives with the Terror of his Actions deserting the Towns whereof he burnt six At the last the Commander of Nagotana appeared in the Field with five hundred Horse and a great number of Foot Hector knowing it was a raâ—…ness to encounter him retired towards his Brigantines but the Horse coming on hindered any from embarquing Hector faced them and killing three made some room Francis Godino dismounting one of the Enemy got upon his Horse and killing another brought that Horse to his Captain who encouraging his Men made the Enemy give back and so gained time to imbarque Hector went hence to Bacaim seated on the Banks of the River of the same name found it well fortified and stored with Cannon through whose Mouths he must force his landing Behind the Town lay Alixiath with five hundred Horse and three thousand Foot Hector entered the River by night and in the morning in despight of their Cannon forced the Works killing many of the Defendants As he marched to the Town on a sudden Alixiath fell on him with his three thousand five hundred Men. Silveyra drew his Men into one Body and bravely put all that number to flight killing many Whilst they fled Baâ—…aim was plundered and burnt The Lord of Tana a great City not far distant terrified at this success submitted himself as Tributary to Portugal and was received by Hector who now retired to Chaul 17. Let us now see what was done during this time at Maluco Simon de Sousa Galvam was going in a Galley with seventy Men to take the Command of that Fort of D. George a most violent storm brought him in a miserable condition to the Port of Achem. Immediately flocked about them several Vessels upon pretence of assistance but being come aboard they fell upon the seventy Portugueses with all manner of weapons but they recovering the Fright bravely drove them all from their Ships sides but not above twenty of them were left that could stand upon their Feet The King in a rage that the Ship was not taken ordered his Admiral to attack her in the morning He came and Simon de Sousa encouraging those Men that could scarce support themselves did Feats like to those related in Fables and repelled with great slaughter that Inundation that came upon them But a Moor who was in the Galley leaping overboard gave the Enemy an account of her miserable condition With a fresh supply they came on again and boarded her killing most of our Men Simon de Sousa was cut in pieces Only such as had not life enough to seek their death remained alive and were carried to the King with the Galley and afterwards served in the execution of his wicked Designs as shall appear in its proper place 18. Thus Simon de Sousa sailing by the way D. George de Meneses continued his Command at Maluco He sent some Portugueses against Tidore and the Spaniards that were there but they being put to the rout D. George gathered the Ternatenses they their Allies the chief whereof were Cachil de Aroez the King of Bacham and the Sangages They fell upon Tidore in the morning those of of Tidore and the Spaniards fought couragiously but were obliged to give ground and retire the Spaniards to their Fort having lost six Men two killed and
Vessels full of Turks with good Cannon his Nephew marched by Land with three thousand Horse He planted himself on the side of Arabià opposite to where he of Gizaira was posted with twelve hundred Men. By order of the King of Baçora Sousa writ to his Enemy telling him He was sent by the Commander of Ormuz to make peace between them or to stand to the Event of War The King of Gizaira answered That being the first Request of the Captain of Ormuz and he the first Portuguese that had come to those parts he granted all 14. The King of Gizaira sent persons with power to treat and Peacâ—…â—…as concluded to the satisfaction of him of Baçora who seeing all safe refused to perform what he had promised Sousa which was to deliver up the seven Turkish Vessels and not admit them into this Kingdom again as being our Enemies Sousa embarqued took one of his great Barques and landing with thirty six Portugueses burnt a Town of three hundred Houses Another tho not so big he fired on the Persian side He again appeared before Baçora but wanting Provisions returned to Ormuz 15. Nuno de Cuna to reward Sousa gave him the Command of that Sea sending him at the King's Request to the Island Baharem to secure Raez Barbadim who was revolted But he having good intelligence baffled the Contrivance and obliged Nuno de Cuna to send his Brother Simon with eight Vessels and four hundred Men besides some of the Natives in their Barques They set out 16. Mean while Nuno de Cuna prepared to go for India He arrived at Goa the latter end of October where were before him four Ships come from Portugal the most fortunately that any had done yet for of above fifteen hundred Men they brought none died but our Captain and they came all in perfect health Nuno made a very solemn Entry into the City There were at this time ready almost one hundred and forty Vessels provided by the care of Lope Vaz many considerable as six Gallions eight Royal Gallies six Caravels and fourteen Galliots all well stored with Arms and Ammunition The Forts were also well provided For tho Lope Vaz usurped the Government he managed it better than many that were named for it The Governor's presence was required at Cochin for the Dispatch of the homeward bound trading Ships and other Affairs 17. Whilst he sailed to Cochin Simon de Cuna came to Baharem with his Ships and joining Belchior de Sousa landed He battered the Fort three days and lost it for want of Powder for whilst he sent for more to Ormuz his Men so sickened that above one hundred Portugueses died and many were in danger and the very Persians used to that Clime were in no better Condition With this loss he drew off This seemed an effect of Divine Justice for Barbadim offered to deliver up the Fort upon condition he might go away in safety but our Gentlemen would not hearken to him fearing to lose the Booty 18. Simon de Seusa found no less a Pestilence had raged among his Seamen Thus they set sail but being becalmed not far from Ormuz many of the sick died and among them some persons of good Note and Simon de Cuna himself A great Grief to his Brother Nuno who had already lost his other Brother at Monbaça CHAP. IV. Continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna from the Year 1529 in the Reign of King John the Third 1. NUno de Cuna sailing to Cochin put in at Cananor and the King sent to welcome him Cuna excused himself that he did not go ashore to see him by reason of his haste and the King for not going aboard the Gallion because he was indisposed After these Complements came the Guazil a great Friend of the Portugueses and to gain the favour of Cuna as of other Governors privately offered him a Collar which he refused to receive Don Iohn de Deca at that time had the Command of the Fort he visiting the Governor aboard brought him a Message from Lope Vaz then there desiring him to come ashore and he would there resign the Government to him Nuno sent to desire him to come and resign aboard He came and the Resignation was performed with the usual Solemnities As he was in the Vessel ready to return he was ordered by Cuna to bear him company to Cochin Then the Governor made Proclamation That any who had been wronged by Lope Vaz should repair to him and he would do them Justice This troubled Lope Vaz and he sent him word That those were rather Libels than Proclamations for no Man that had cause of Complaint against him needed to be stirred up by sound of Trumpet At Cochin Nuno ordered Lope Vaz to be imprisoned and an Inventory of all his Goods to be taken and all deposited in safe Hands to be delivered at Lisbon as the King should direct Lope Vaz said to the Officer that took him Tell Nuno de Cuna that I imprisoned he imprisons me and one will come who will imprison him Nuno being told it said I doubt not but I shall be imprisoned but the difference between us will be that Lope Vaz deserves it and I shall not Neither was he deceived for he had been close laid up in Portugal had he not died at Sea we shall see it at the end of his Government Lope Vaz was less afflicted for his Confinement than the insolent Reproaches of the Rabble that the worst Ship was allotted him to imbarque only two Servants allowed him and barely so much of his own as would maintain him the Voyage An unjust proceeding with a Man of his Worth whose person ought not to be indecently used whilst his Crimes were inquired into 2. Nuno de Cuna found nothing in readiness at Cohin of what he ordered from Melinde should be provided to make war upon Diu which was the principal point of his Instructions Perceiving the year was too far gone for that Undertaking he applyed himself to other Affairs and fitted a Fleet of thirty Sail to scour the Coast of Malabar under the Command of Iames de Silveyra who commanded the four came last from Portugal Antony de Silveyra Meneses had a Squadron to cruise in the Sea of Cambaya And Hector de Silveyra another for the Red Sea Whilst these Commanders sailed on the Coasts assigned them our homeward bound Fleet arrived at the Terceras Islands where an Officer was waiting to put Lope Vaz into Irons Loaded with them he landed at Lisbon and was set upon a Mule on which he was carried accompanied by the rude Rabble up to the Castle and put into a Dungeon wâ—…h Orders that not even his Wife should be permitted to see him He was accompanied in this miserable state by Raez Xarafo Guazil of Ormuz brought by Emanuel de Macedo After two years Lope Vaz his Crimes began to be taken into consideration and examined the King having ordered him to be prosecuted with the utmost rigor The principal
Article against him was his unjust Proceeding with Peter de Mascarenas The Duke of Braganca pityng the Misfortunes of this brave Gentleman prevailed with the King to give him a hearing in Council Accordingly his Majesty being seated in Council with all his Judges about him Lope Vaz was brought in venerable for his person his Face covered with a thick and longe white Beard and with such tokens of the Miseries he had endured in almost three years imprisonment reckoning from India that had Peter Mascarenas or any of his Enemies seen him they might think themselves sufficiently revenged of all the Extravagancies he had been guilty of towards them Being placed at the Bar as a Criminal after the King's leave obtained he with an undaunted Constancy made a learned comprehensive and copious Speech In which after running over his Forefathers Services to the Crown he particularized his own from his infancy till that time reflected upon his Sufferings and Wrong done him since Imprisoned and in general to several other brave Governors his Predecessors exposed the Malice of his Accusers justified his own Proceedings illustrated by Examples how others guilty of greater Crimes than he was accused of were pardoned in respect of their Services then made a parallel between them and his Sufferings and concluded throwing himself upon either his Majesties Justice or Mercy from one of which he hoped such a Discharge that he might have more cause to return thanks for the future than he had till then to lament his hard Usage The King having heared with attention examined him upon every Article of his Impeachment and he answered to each The Articles were in all forty three the principal as was said such as related to Peter Mascarenas the others such as would never have been thought of had not those brought them in to fill up the number In fine he was carried back to the Castle whence he sent his Defence as is usual in such Cases and in conclusion was sentenced to lose all his Allowance as Governor and to pay to Peter Mascarenas ten thousand Ducats which confirmed the latter not him to have been the real Governor and justified those who had obeyed them as such He was also banished into Africk But he resenting this hard Fortune resolved to change his Country and his Prince as the famous Ferdinand Magallanes had done before And getting into Spain he unnaturalized himself and from Badajoz writ a Letter to the King affirming his usage had been highly unjust and that he was resolved to try whether changing his Country he could change Fortune and restore his Honor This had such effect that he was restored to his Country Alfonso Mexia being likewise brought prisoner to Portugal had the same success he was also accused of Crimes committed at Ormuz the Commander of which Fort Iames de Melo was under the same Circumstances Let us now return to India 3. Iames Silveyra on the Coast of Calicut carried so heavy a Hand upon those People that their King was obliged to send Embassadors to Nuno de Cuna desiring Peace He granted upon such Conditions as they deserved who had never kept any They were willing to accept part but rejected the rest so Silveyra reduced them to extreme Famine hindering the Importation of Provisions They received some Relief from Cananor and Simon de Sousa being forced upon that Shoar after valiantly repulsing the Moors his Powder took fire and blew up the Brigantine 4. Melique Saca being expelled Diu found it convenient for the compassing his Ends with the King of Cambaya to use those Artifices with Nuno de â—…una he had done with Hector de Silveyra when he offered to deliver up that City to him He writ to Nuno that tho he could not deliver Diu at least he could assist him in the taking of it to this end it was convenient they should have a meeting and in order thereunto he might send him a Pass and Ships for himself and Retinue commanded by Gaspar Paez whom he had known at Diu. The Governor granted all and he made use of it to be restored to the King of Cambaya's Favour receiving and putting off Gaspar Paez with Subleties and Impudence pretending the Pass was not securely worded and the Ships were too few Paez told him he had by the way with those Vessels taken a great Ship and put to flight fourteen Barques in the River Pormeane and that he might go with all safety But no Reason is of force against Craft and Falshood 5. Gaspar Paez would have taken some Revenge but could only burn nine Barques The Governor enraged hereat suddenly began to make such Preparations against Diu as should not easily be disappointed He had not yet seen the King of Cochin who was sick of the Small Pox. Nuno being less fearful of the Infection than the King who sent him word That he did not desire to see him for fear he might catch the Disease tho he believed his fight would cure him Nuno went to visit him and it was much he was received for those Princes suffer not themselves to be seen in any Sickness The whole Conference contained nothing but Complaints of Injuries done by Lope Vaz and Alfonso Mexia Nuno left him well satisfied with his Courtesie so that he began to look upon himself as a King having till then been treated as a Slave and found himself better in health 6. It was requisite Nuno de Cuna should now go to Goa At Chale he visited the King and gave him content About Mid February he came to Cananor and saw that King whom he much obliged by conforming to his own Ceremonies at the Interview This Prince offered him some Jewels which he fearing to affront him received but delivered to the Officers of the Revenue as belonging to the King 7. He ordered Iames de Silveyra to punish a rich Merchant of Mangalor who did great wrong to the Portugueses He scoured the Rivers along that Coast with sixteen Ships and four hundred and fifty Men. Then entered the River Mangalor on whose Banks is the Town of that Name belonging to the King of Narsinga our Friend but that Merchant favoured Calicut our Enemy This Merchant knowing the Design was against him was well fortified Iames Silveyra chose the lesser Vessels with two hundred and forty Men to go up the River who were met by a great Squadron which after some contest was put to flight The Town was immediately entred all the Defendants quitting it Iames Silveyra then turned to the Fort and after some resistance took it The Merchant fled in despair but was overtaken and killed by a Musquet Ball. Those who fled sought refuge in the River and our Swords there made it run bloody Nothing was taken but some Cannon for Booty being very great the Captain caused it all to be burnt lest he might endanger his Ships by over-loading them There were also burnt thirteen Vessels that waited for loading Winter coming on he thought so
great a Force was not requisite and dismissed half the Fleet. But there had been use for all when he met Pati Marcar a Commander of Calicut sailing for Mangalor with sixty Paraos The Weather prevented fighting then so he waited their Return and gave Battel at Mount Delii where six Paraos were sunk then went to Cochin 8. Antony de Silveyra to whom the Coast of Cambaya was allotted had now under his Command fifty one Sail whereof three were Gallies and two Galliots and in them nine hundred Portugueses He went up the River Taptii on whose Banks are two Cities the chiefest of that Coast. On the one side Surat containing ten thousand Families most Handycrafts and all of no Courage called Bancanes On the other side Reyner of six thousand Houses but warlike Men and well fortified The River being sounded it was found there was not Water enough for the greater Vessels which were left at the Barr under Francis de Vasconcellos With the rest Antony de Silveyra returning to the Mouth of the River and having sailed four Leagues discovered Surat Three hundred Horse and almost ten thousand Foot opposed the Landing armed with Bows and Musquets they spent their-Shot and fled without expecting an Answer The City was entred without any farther resistance and nothing left in it that had life or was of Value Then the City and some Ships that lay in the Arsenal were burnt A little higher on the other side was the City Reyner inhabited by the Nayteas Moors of more Courage and Policy who nevertheless scarce essayed our Fire when they fled leaving all in the Hands of the Portugueses who had all been rich could they have carried away all the Plunder They carried what they could the rest was all burnt with twenty Ships and many lesser Vessels that were in that Port. Emanuel de Sousa was in both Actions the foremost at landing not without great danger especially in the latter the Enemy playing much great Cannon at him 9. Antony de Silveyra returning to the Mouth of the River found that whilst he burnt those Cities Francis de Vasconcellos had not been idle but taken six Vessels laden with Provisions bound for Diu. Now they sailed together to Damam a Town great and strong yet terrified by the Disaster of the others quitted by the Inhabitants and burnt by our Men. On the contrary the Town of Agaçaim fourteen Leagues from Chaul dared the Portugues Fury with four hundred Horse and five thousand Foot At first shock they killed five Portugueses and the rest began to flie but being rallied by the Captains the Town was taken and in it much Cannon and Riches Many were killed above two hundred taken The Fire of the Town took hold of the Vessels which were three hundred 10 Whilst Antony de Silveyra was thus employed Francis Pereyra de Berredo Commander at Chaul overcome by the Intreaties of the Inhabitants oppressed by Badur King of Cambaya who was Master of the Field marched with fifty Horse and one hundred and fifty Foot till he met Popaterao with five thousand of the former and twelve thousand of the latter The multitude weariness and heat so disordered the Portugueses that most of them were slain Francis Pereyra seeing the Fort in danger called Antony de Silveyra who instantly with care relieved it in person which preserved it from falling into the Hands of King Badur which it must have done if assaulted at that time Francis Pereyra was punished for that loss and rashness by being deprived of his Command and imprisoned by the Governor who gave that Post to Antony Silveyra whose Diligence had saved it 11. Hector de Silveyra who sailed from Goa on the twenty first of Ianuary with ten Sail and six hundred Men for the Red Sea spread his Ships cross the Mouth of it from Cape Guardafu on the Coast of Asia to Xael in Arabia that no Enemy might escape him Most of them had some Success chiefly Hector and Martin de Castro who took two great and rich Ships killing the Defendants who made a brave resistance A Brigantine of twelve Men that accompanied the Ship taken by Hector to Mascate made up to a great Barque supposing her a Portuguese and discovered not the mistake till it was not possible to avoid fighting thirty valiant Turks that were in her They fought till both parties tired were forced to rest and having recovered Breath all the Turks were slain Of the Portugueses three died the nine carrying off the Barque as a Trophy of this brave Exploit The Fleet being joined appeared before Aden where Hector managed that King with such Dexterity that he consented to pay a Tribute of twelve thousand Xeraphins yearly to the Crown of Portugal offering him immediately a Crown of Gold The Agreement was solemnly signed on both sides and Antony Botello left in that Port with a Brigantine and thirty Men. In the same manner the King of Xael submitted who not long before had accompanied Mustapha a Turkish Captain with twenty thousand Men to make war upon Aden In the Month of September arrived at Goa six Ships from Portugal 12. Let us look upon the Indian Sea now covered with a Wood of Ships the product of the Governor 's great care now full of his Design upon Diu. This Fleet consisted of above four hundred Sail many large more indifferent and the greatest number small several of them were only Sutlers fitted out by the Natives for private Gain In the Island Bombaim was made a general Review of the Fleet and found to contain three thousand six hundred Soldiers and one thousand four hundred and fifty Seamen all Portugueses above two thousand Malabars and Canaras eight thousand Slaves fit for Service and almost five thousand Seamen The Governor landed at Damam a Fort of Cambaya which was immediately quitted by the Moors Mass was said there and the general absolution given Then three Rewards were proposed to the three first that should mount the Walls of Diu at the scaling of it Hither came the News that the Arabs Turks and others to the number of two thousand fortified themselves in the Island Beth seven Leagues from Diu. It was by Nature and Art so begirt with Rocks and Walls and stored with Cannon that Nuno de Cuna gave no Credit to the Relation till he saw it 13. On the seventh of February he came to the Island and having in person viewed all Difficulties besieged it He summoned the Barbarians to surrender but they were so resolute that many of them shaved their Heads a Token that they fear not death but are devoted which they call making themselves Amoucos Their Commander gave them a brutal Example of Resolution making a great Fire and throwing into it his Wife Son Goods and Family that if the Portugueses overcame they might find nothing but a heap of Ashes Others followed the Example Nuno ordered the Island to be attacked at once in six several places At Break of Day each
sparing their Labour that in twenty six days it was in a posture of Defence the Wall being nine Foot broad with Bulwarks Towers a Church a House for the Commander and Store-houses The Command of it was given to Iames Pereyra who had forwarded the Work with two hundred and fifty Men and to secure it by Sea Manuel de Sousa with twenty two Ships The King of Calicut repenting he had given leave for that Work made War upon the Kings of Chale Caramanlii and Tanor at the same time making Overtures to draw them to break with the Portugueses but to no effect 19. About the end of February Emanuel de Vasconcellos set out for the Red Sea with two Galliots and some Brigantines At Xael with the loss of one Man he took some Turkish Vessels laden and among them a great Ship called Cufturca which was sent Mascate The King of Xael fearful of some danger made his Peace with Submission and Presents After Vasconcelos came thither Antony de Saldania with ten Ships and the King seeing he would not allow of the submission he made to Vasconelos began to secure himself sending out of the Town all the Riches Women and Children which were seen from the Ships crossing the Mountain upon Camels But the Weather obliged Saldana to leave that Sea 20. He sailed to Mascate thence to the Coast of Diu seven or eight Ships of that City came out and engaged him he took three and stranded the rest The same happened to a Turkish Gallion that was in Port and endeavoured to flie A storm rising there dispersed most of the Brigantines Saldana had three Gallions with him and they suffered Hunger and Thirst when the Sea driving them towards the Bar twenty seven Ships of the Enemy that watched the opportunity fell upon them but drew off without any considerable Action He dispatched two Vessels to view Pate on which he had some Design they meeting a rich Ship bound for Diu after a very sharp Engagement took her The Ship had only in Gold Coin above sixty thousand Venetian Chequins Sailing to Goa with Prizes worth above two hundred thousand Ducats he met short of Chaul Iames de Silveyra to whom he delivered the Vessels the Governor ordered At this time arrived four Ships that sailed from Portugal the beginning of this year Antony de Saldana returned home with them 21. Iames de Silveyra sailing to Patam twelve Leagues from Diu plundered and burnt that City with four Ships in the Harbour The very same was done to Pate and Mangalor This was no new thing in Iames Silveyra for he had before the same success at Bandora Tana and other Towns and on the Coast of Diu at Castelete Tolaja and Madrefabat by which means he came to Goa with above four thousand Slaves and an infinite Booty having killed a great number and spread an universal Terror 22. All this encouraged Nuno de Cuna to streighten Diu and the King of Cambaya that he might be obliged to consent to the raising a Fort in that City And because the Growth of Bacaim might be an Obstacle to our Designs he resolved to destroy it Thither he went with a Fleet of above one hundred and fifty Sail three thousand Portugueses and two hundred Canaras Melique Tocam Lord of Diu was then fortifying the City and hearing of the Power that was preparing against it put in a Garrison of above twelve thousand Men. Nuno divided his Men into three parts to give the Attack the Landing was dangerous and the Enemy so numerous it seemed a rashness to go on but our Men despising all danger the Enemy fled first to the Fort and then to the Mountain six hundred of them being killed of ours only eight or nine Here were taken above four hundred Pieces of Cannon and much Ammunition The Country about was all ravaged and the Fort razed After this Victory the Governor sent Emanuel de Albuquerque with twelve Vessels and three hundred Men to destroy the Fort of Damam but he not able to effect it burnt all the Towns from Baçaim to Tarapor and bringing under Tribute Tana Bandora Mais and Bombaim then retired to Chaul with much Riches and many Vessels taken in those Rivers Iames de Silveyra who sailed from Baçaim with four Gallions and fifteen Brigantines bound for the Red Sea took off Cape Guardafu a rich Vessel Vasco Perez about Zocotora took a yet richer Turkish Ship most of her Men being slain and near Cape Fartaque another Iames Silveyra afterwards burnt two at Aden and did a very generous Action which was thus He discovered a very rich Ship of Gidda which spying him lay by and her Captain coming aboard shewed him a Letter from a Portuguese who was Prisoner in that City which the Moor thought to be a secure Pass being given him as such Silveyra opened and found in it these Words I beseech such of the King of Portugal 's Captains as shall meet this Ship to make prize of her for she belongs to a very wicked Moor. Silveyra perceiving how the Moor was imposed upon took no notice of the Deceit but discharged him chusing rather to lose the Riches of that Ship than bring into question the Sincerity of the Portugueses At the latter end of April he returned to Goa 23. At the same time arrived in India six Ships from Portugal a seventh perished by the way These Ships brought new Orders that the Commanders of Forts should be sworn by the Governor-General by which it appears they were till then independent of them Nuno de Cuna had always his thought fixed upon Diu when Melique Tocam Lord of that City desired him to send a fit person with whom he might treat about an Affair of Importance to the King of Portugal's Service He then was apprehensive of his own King It was therefore thought he would for his own security deliver up the Town to us This was the intent but Vasco de Cuna a Gentleman of parts being sent and having done all that could be expected in it returned without concluding any thing but not without hopes 24. At the same time Tristan de Ga at Cambaya pressed that King to consent to the raising a Fort at Diu. The Result was that the King would have a Conference with Nuno de Cuna and his Design was rather to kill him than grant the Fort. Nuno went thither with an hundred Sail in which were two thousand Portugueses The King was already at Diu when the Governor arrived and delayed the Interview desiring he would send him some of his principal Captains for that he desired to see them They went richly cloathed and were splendidly received Discoursing Emanuel de Macedo took the liberty tho in a respectful manner to tell the King That he justly admired he would take the Command of that City from Melique Tocam his Subject who had served him well and was Son of one who had done so before to give it to Mustapha now called Rumi
Cham whose first merit was his Disloyalty to the Turk his natural Prince that if he denied this he challenged to fight either single or as he should think fit Rume Cham was present and gave no answer till the King looking angrily upon him for his silence he said it proceeded from Contempt Macedo repeated the Challenge and the Turk no longer able to shun it accepted the Challenge to be fought at Sea Macedo according to appointment waited for him but he came not The Interview took not effect for the differences about the manner of it Nuno taking another Course joined in League with Omaum Patxath King of the Moguls Then Nuno returned to Goa and before and after dispatched several Captains Antony de Silveyra went to Bengala with nine Vessels Vasco Peres de Sampaya to the Red Sea with sixteen thither also Iames de Silveyra with five Gallions D. Stephen de Gama to Malaca the two that were for the Red Sea made some Prizes 25. Cunale Marcar a bold Pyrat about this time scoured the Sea of Calicut with eight Vessels well equipped At Cape Comori he found at night a Brigantine with eighteen Portugueses and three Gunners all so fast asleep that they were all bound before they waked Having awaked them he caused their Heads to be bruised to pieces saying It was to punish them for daring to sleep knowing he was abroad A pleasant Cruelty Thence he went to Negapatan where were forty Portugueses who defended themselves but to no effect for the Degar or Governor who they thought their Friend agreed with Cunale to rob them Coje Marcar tho of kin to Cunale desirous to deliver them from this danger did it by art speaking to each of the two apart and so making them suspicious to each other Yet Cunale took some Portugues Vessels in that River and shot to death eight of the Men. The first died for sleeping these I suppose because they were awake Antony de Silva set out of Cochin with two hundred Musqueteers in fifteen small Vessels Cunale hearing of it run up the Canamera a Bay on this Coast and fortified himself but Antony obliged him to make his escape in the Habit of a Beggar to Calicut leaving his Vessels and Cannon with which Silva returned victorious to Cochin 26. The King of Razet was revolted from him of Ormuz Antony de Silveyra who commanded the Fort at the request of the latter sent Francis Govea with two hundred Men and eight Sail to reduce him Razet received them with Fraud designing to kill them But it succeeded not for Govea was upon his Guard knowing his ill Designs and that he had with his own Cymiter killed the Officer he sent to treat with him Our Captain sailing over to a small Island to water met a Fleet of this Kings and took a Vessel wherein was the King's Nephew for whose Ransom Razet restored the Prisoners he had and submitted to him of Ormuz ratified the Peace made by him he had killed and excused what was past 27. King Iohn his Care was upon the Affairs of India He had understood the event of Nuno de Cuna's attempt upon Diu and that the common Enemy prepared to disturb our Progress so he continually sent relief This year arrived there twelve Ships with fifteen hundred fighting Men commanded by D. Pedro de Castillobranco who set out from Lisbon the last November The latter end of this year came also five Ships more which set out the beginning of this same year they were commanded by Martin Alfonso de Sousa who had a Commission to be Admiral of the Indian Sea The Governor immediately put him in possession of the Post sending him against Damam At Chaul Iames Silveyra delivered him his Squadron and Vasco Perez his Now Martin Alfonso had five hundred Men in forty Vessels He found Damam destroyed by its own Commander who was retired to the Fort with five hundred Turks and Resbutos Martin Alfonso attempted to scale it and received some damage one of his Ladders breaking when the Enemy on the other side opening a Gate to fly our Men stopped them and entring found a large Court full of Men and fifty Horse most of them were put to the Sword and the Fort razed The King of Cambaya fearing greater loss desired Peace which Nuno de Cuna granted and 't was sworn upon the following Conditions That he should give to the King of Portugal for ever Bacaim with its Dependences by Sea and Land That all Ships bound for the Red Sea from that Kingdom should set out from Bacaim and return thither to pay the Duties That none should go to other places without leave from the Portugueses That no Ships of War should be built in any of his Ports That he should no more give assistance to the Rumes There were other Articles in favour of the King to sweeten the harshness of these which were afterwards moderated when he gave leave to raise the Fort at Diu. Now we have some footing in this Province something may be said of its situation people and other affairs with our usual Brevity CHAP. V. Continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna and Reign of King John the Third 1. THE Kingdom of Guazarata commonly called Cambaya from its Metropolis of that Name extends from Cape Iaquete in the West to the River Nagotana near Chaul It makes a great Bay of the some Name The Sea ebbs and flows with such violence in this Bay that in swiftness it exceeds the fleetest Horse and if in this fury it meets any Ship it certainly perishes To avoid this danger there is always a Man on an eminence who when he sees that Torrent coming gives notice with a Horn. The distance between Cape Iaquete and the River Nagotana is above two hundred Leagues On the West it borders upon the Resbuti a mountain people on the North with the Kingdom of Chitor and the East with that of Pale all the Coast is covered with many Towns and Cities It is watered by two famous Rivers Taptii and Tapetii besides many Creeks that form several Islands It breeds abundance of Cattle and is plentiful of other Provisions The Country is all plain so that they generally travel in Waggons after the manner of Flanders but lighter and easier drawn by Oxen somewhat less than those of Spain The Natives are of four sorts one called Baneanes Bagançariis that feed after our manner another called only Baneanes who eat nothing that hath life Their Priests are called Vertias who cloath themselves in white and never take those Cloaths off till they fall to pieces They live upon Charity and like the Children of Israel in the Desart can keep nothing for the next day They place their greatest hope of Salvation in killing no Creature they use no light at night lest any Butterfly should die by it they always carry a Broom wherewith they sweep the Ground they are to tread on lest they tread any Worm or
appoint that a Bulwark upon the Sea should immediately be delivered to him that they should not meddle with the King's Revenues at Diu c. Immediately a Iew and an Armenian were sent to Portugal with this News to the King and to the Governor at Goa Iames de Mesquita one of the Portugueses who served Badur at the Siege of Chitor that King desiring that Nuno de Cuna would instantly come to Diu. 13. Whilst these things were in agitation seven Ships arrived from Portugal with Men and great Riches They came to Goa before the first advice reached the Governor and before the second could come he was under sail with a resolution to accept the Offer of Badur The King received him with much honor and demonstration of Joy After the first Visits he desired him to send some Men to recover the Fort of Vivarcne taken by the Mogols upon the River Indus and some Relief to the City Baroche Vasco Perez de Sampayo was sent to the first with two hundred and fifty Portugueses in twelve Barques To the latter Enterprize went Emanuel de Macedo who returned to Diu without doing any thing the Inhabitants having quitted the place which was too big for his small number to maintain 14. About this time there was one Iames Botello in these parts who was in disgrace with King Iohn because it was said he designed to go for France being skillfâ—… in the Affairs of India The Favour of Princes is generally recovered either by something very inconsiderable or else by some Action that seems impossible Botello resolved upon the latter He knew how earnestly the King desired the raising the Fort at Diu scarce was it granted when he getting the Draught of it and a Copy of the Capitulation committed himself to the vast Ocean that is between Spain and India in a Barque that was but sixteen Foot and half in length nine Foot broad and four Foot and a half deep He set ouâ—… privately with his own Slaves three Portugueses and two others saying he went to Cambaya Being out at Sea he discovered his Design they were all astonished but overcome by fair Words and Promises Till finding they were reduced to unspeakable Miseries the Slaves agreed to kill him and killed a Servant which occasioned all the Slaves who were Sailers to be slain Without Seamen or Pilot he held his Course and to the admiration of all Men arrived at Lisbon where the Barque was immediately burnt that no Body might see it was possible to perform that Voyage in so small a Vessel The King was greatly pleased with the News and Iames Botello restored to the Royal Favour without any other Reward for this prodigious Action 15. Nuno de Cuna began the Work with diligence and a great number of Hands being himself the first that laboured at the Foundation which was done with Sound of Trumpets Fifes Drums Noise of Cannon and Shouts The Work was soon finished and the Command of the Fort given to Emanuel de Sousa with nine hundred Portugueses and sixty Pieces of great Cannon Badur already reaped the Benefit of this Concession for Nizamaluco at the instance of Nuno de Cuna not only made peace with but assisted him against his Enemy Vasco Perez had recovered Varivene and King Omaum hearing Nuno de Cuna was at Diu despaired of taking that 〈◊〉 and employed his Arms against other places 16. Badur pleased with this success desired to view in person how much of his Kingdom was yet left him This he communicated to Nuno de Cuna desiring a number of Portugueses might go with him and particularly Martin Alfonso de Sousa Nuno approved his Resolution and gave him five hundred Men whereof fifty were of Note Now Cuna fearing Omaum would fall upon Baçaim sent to its Relief Garcia de Sa with four hundred Portugueses He seeing a mighty Army threaten that City resolved to quit it to the terror of all the Inhabitants and with miserable Cries of Women and Children Antony Galvam considering the loss of the Portugues Reputation persuaded him with strong Reasons to alter his Resolution Sa began to fortifie the place and the Mogol knowing thâ—…r Resolution drew off This Retreat of the Mogols encouraged Mirao Muhmold Nephew to Badur who was upon the Frontier of Nizamaluco to recover many places taken by the Mogols which brought fresh Hopes to Badur of regaining his Crown 17. Badur being thus prosperous with the assistance of the Portugueses only and repenting he had given leave to raise the Fort would build a Wall between it and the City covering the Design he had thereby of gaining the Fort with the pretence of parting the Portugueses and Gurarates whose too free Communication caused Divisions There was some bickering between the King and Nuno about it till the King desisted Nuno de Cuna went to Baçaim and began the Fort there giving the honor of laying the first stone to Antony Galvam in reward of his resolution in defence of it Garcia de Sa was left to carry on the Work and Nuno returned to Goa 18. Let us return to Malaca and Maluco whence the course of the Occurrences in India drew us During the Government of Lope Vaz de Sampayo the King of Achem had caused to be killed Simon de Sousa and others bound for Maluco and taken others prisoners He feigned to be sorry for that Action and sent three of the Prisoners to Peter de Faria then commanding the first time at Malaca offering Peace and desiring him to send persons fit to treat of it and he would deliver to them Sousa his Galley and the other Prisoners This was much for the ease of Malaca and therefore Peter de Faria sent presently a Vessel with some Portugueses who were all killed by that Tyrants Order before they came to him Six months after Garcia de Sa then commanding the King writ a Letter to him saying He wondered no Body was sent to treat of Peace believing by reason of the Secresie used in murdering the others it was not known and at the same time caused the Prisoners he had whom to compass his wicked ends he treated kindly to write to the Commander about it Sa presently sent a Gallion well provided with Men and Cannon commanded by Emanuel Pacheco who suffered himself to be circumvented by the King's Barques and he with most of the Men were slain the Gallion was carried for the King to see who then caused the rest of the men and the prisoners he made much of to be killed Then he joined with the King of Aru and all this to the intent to gain Malaca having intelligence with Sinaya Raja a considerable Moor who lived in that City The Correspondence being discovered by some drunken Achemes produced the publick safety and death of Sinaya who was thrown headlong from a Tower by Garcia de Sa his order 15. The year 1530 Gonçalo Pereyra set out from Malaca for Maluco and in pursuance to the Governor's Order by the way
visited the King of Borneo offering him liberty to trade at Malaca Borneo is an Island fruitful of Provisions rich in costly Merchandize and produces the finest Diamonds The King is powerful his Religion the Mahometan so his People The City of that Name is large has beautyful Buildings and strong Walls The Island has four principal Ports to which resort Merchants from sundry parts The Offer pleased the King Gonçalo Pereyra arriving at Ternate D. George de Meneses delivered him the Fort and King Cachil Daialo who was there prisoner The Queen his Mother who had fled from her City as was before related hearing of the new Commander sent to put him in mind how kindly the King her Husband had received the Portugueses how ungrateful the Return had been from them who caused his Son and Heir to die in a prison and now kept the other and obliged her their Mother to fly to the Mountains having lost the City where she was born and whereof she was Queen That she demanded Reparation of D. George his Cruelty and Liberty for her Son After some Scruples Gonçalo Pereyra solemnly swore he would set him at liberty as soon as opportunity served whereupon she returned to the City and they agreed as did the King of Tidore being eased of a Tribute imposed by D. George which he was not able to pay There was also an Accommodation with the Spanish Captain Ferdinand de la Torre Thus things were settled as was suitable to the Portugues Reputation 20. Gonçalo Pereyra in pursuance of the Governor's Orders made D. George a prisoner He was carried to Goa thence to Portugal whence he was banished to Brasil and killed by the Heathens there in a Battel After this Gonçalo Pereyra examined the Proceedings of the Portugues Officers of the Revenue and found them guilty of great Frauds They offended at this Discovery conspired with the Queen to kill him which they executed tho he defended himself with Resolution yet most of the Murderers were killed by the other Portugueses who maintained the Fort which was in great danger of being lost and Luis de Andrade kept the Command as Lieutenant 21. Bras Pereyra who commanded by Sea would have succeeded his Kinsman But the Conspirators elected Vincent Fonseca one of their Companions He having promised the Queen her Sons Liberty if she would assist him in obtaining that Post now loaded him with Irons and secured his Brothers and Family She withdrawing into the Country stopped all provisions from coming to the Fort and so obliged him to set her Son free and all was appeased for the present 22. This Quiet lasted not long for the King being near of Age to govern Pate Sarangue who governed for him finding his power expiring conspired with Fonseca to set up Tabarija the King's Bastard Brother who was younger To this effect they began to lay several scandalous Imputations upon the King and Fonseca attempted to secure him which he having notice of fled to the Mountain Fonseca follows pretending he had a Design upon the Fort. The King might have defended himself but forbore in respect to the Portugueses whom he loved He fled with his Mother to Tidore His Enemies set up Tabarija and following to Tidore oblige both Kings to seek security in the Mountains Fonseca was the more inraged against the King for that at his return a Moor had killed his Son and endeavoured to slay Tabarija who escaped and because many obeyed not the Usurper calling him Fonseca's King whereas they might more properly term Fonseca Tabarija's King He sent Pate Sarangue with Forces and subdued all He by treachery catched the Queen Mother and gave her as Wife to Sarangue and the deposed King's Wife to the Usurper The distressed King leaving his Mother and Friends had recourse to the King of Gilolo's Courtesie 23. Now Fonseca sends Blas Pereyra and others prisoners to India The Governor informed of the Insolences committed at Ternate sent Tristant de Altaide to command there who secured Fonseca and sent him to Goa With him went the Spaniards from Gilolo in order to be sent to Spain in the Portugues Ships But the King of Gilolo refusing to surrender the Spaniards Tristan was obliged to go with a power in which the Kings of Ternate Tidore and Bacham joined the City was abandoned and burnt and the Spaniards set at liberty 24. Tristan de Ataide at the instigation of Samarao put Tabarija in prison and set up his younger Brother Cachil Aeiro The King's Mother and Sarangue were also secured and the City became desolate the Natives of it finding no Comfort in their Neighbours who upbraided them for admitting so wicked a People as the Portugueses who since they had footing in this Island were guilty of the most exorbitant Villanies that could be imagined In fine Ataide sent those Prisoners to Goa for the Crimes he was guilty of himself and so Nuno de Cuna judged it taking care to send them back to their Country 25. Now Tristan de Ataide employed his Thoughts on the Profit he designed to make by the Sale of Cloves and ordered it so that the King of Bacham would not consent Tristan in a rage sent his Men armed the King protested he was a faithful Friend to the King of Portugal but they sought Spice for themselves not Friendship for their King So they were convinced by the Sword many killed and the rest were shamefully put to flight Tristan in a greater fury joining with the Kings of Ternate and Tidore forced him of Bacham to abandon his City which was destroyed and to sue for peace which was sold him for a Tribute to be paid in Cloves Yet at the same time this King conspires with those of Gilolo Tidore and the deposed of Ternate and with Samarao to kill Ataide and take the Fort. They began their Design by persuading him to send Ships several ways where he lost many Men and Cachil Daialo the deposed King of Ternate laying hold of the opportunity recovered part of his Kingdom with the assistance of those of Gilolo Tidore Bacham Maquiem and Moutel with whose aid the Ternates slew all the Portugueses about the Island Ataide prepared to take revenge when Simon Sodre arrived from Malaca with a Ship and many Men that brought new life to the desperate Ataide and put him in a posture to recover some places 26. The Moors endeavoured to burn some of our Vessels bringing to execute this design almost three hundred Sail they received some damage but would not desist nor hearken to Ataide who sued for Peace being in the Fort and reduced to eat all sorts of Vermin D. Ferdinand de Monroy a Spanish Gentleman who came from Banda with Provisions delivered him out of this danger This Success was answered by a Misfortune for all the Inhabitants fled from Ternate and the Moors killed some of his Men and took a Ship but now a new Captain comes to the Fort which stood in need of it Tristan de
Ataide was as deformed of Body as his Actions were scandalous Let us return to the Affairs of India CHAP. VII Continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna the same Year 1536 in the Reign of King John the Third 1. WE have already related how the Empire of Decan by the death of Mahomet Xiath was divided into seven parts by as many Governors who set themselves up as Kings and warring among themselves were reduced to five The first and chief of these was Hidalcam whose Territories lie from North to South along the Sea Coast from the River Domel eight Leagues off Dabul to Cintacola eleven below Goa and has sixty Leagues in length and fifty in breadth where largest On the North it borders upon Nizamaluco on the South upon Canara and part of Narsinga and on the East upon Madremaluco Melique Verido and Cotamaluco which make the five into which that Crown was divided Cotamaluco and Verido were at war because the former reflected upon the latter as disloyal to the dead King as if either of them were innocent Cota came off with loss 2. Hidalcam upon such like occasion took Arms against Cotamaluco who was then at Golconda a City almost impregnable being seated upon an inaccessible mountain well fortified and garrisoned Hidalcan set down before it with one hundred thousand Horse and four hundred thousand Foot Cota not without reason was apprehensive of this danger but reposed great confidence in twelve Portugueses he had with him The Enemy the first Attacks lost twenty thousand Men and afterwards an hundred thousand as well by Famine as Sword for Catamaluco cut off all his Provisions and such parties as went out for them and of what he took he sent ten thousand to Hidalcan without Ears or Noses bidding him put upon them those of his Men he had served so the last War The Sorrow for these Misfortunes caused his Death whence sprang Wars between his Sons These were Mulacam who was received as Heir and Abraham who could not brook his being owned as such and being encouraged by Cotamaluco and others disturbed the common Peace and was at last himself taken prisoner 3. Cotamaluco set upon Mulacham as he was carrying his Father to bury him but was forced to fly to the Woods Mean while Abraman escaped out of prison and by the assistance of Nizamaluco possessed himself of the Kingdom and took his Brother Mulacâ—…am whom his Army infamously delivered up at Bisapoâ—… Açadacam set out with a good Army to rescue Malucam But Melique Cuf in whose custody he was cruelly put out his Eyes and delivered him and his Treasure to Abraham He desiring to appease Açadacam made him great Offers which were all rejected Açadacam encamped within five Leagues of him and sent a Messenger to him whose Name was Caçem this Man Abraham prevailed with to undertake to murder his Master which Açadacam discovering caused him to be stabbed before he approached him 5. Açadacam endeavoured to alienate the Hearts of the great ones from Abraham but was not altogether so successful as he wished In fine Cogerte Cham who at his instigation acted in the same manner was obliged to fly for relief to Nizamaluco in whom he sound his Ruin being robbed by him and brought to such misery he resolved to retire to Mecha but passing through Dabul he accepted the Offer of Protection made him by Simon Guedez then commanding there till Nuno de Cuna received him at Diu and obtained of King Badur to entertain him according to his Quality where after he became one of the chief Generals of Cambaya 6. The new Hidalcan I mean Abraham for those Princes when they come to the Crown all take this Title was perplexed with the Proceedings of Açadacam and endeavoured to reconcile him Açadacam's Forces at this time ravaged all the Continent about Goa and Hidalcan made fresh Instances to bring him to his Court but to no effect Mean while the desolation of that Country was such that the Natives freely offered it up to Nuno de Cuna he after conferring about it with Açadacam accepted the Offer to deliver that Country from utter Ruin 7. Açadacam was a Mahometan as well in his Dealing as Belief The more to perplex Hidalcam he goes into the Service of the King of Bisuagar who received him with great honor Nuno de Cuna was not exempted from his Frauds therefore to carry on his Designs he persuaded him to send Christopher de Figueredo promising to prevail with the King of Bisnagar to resign to the King of Portugal the Continent about Goa to which he had an ancient Title Hidalcan being informed of these Proceedings encamped near him of Bisnagar with four hundred thousand Men and 700 Elephants the other had a 1000 Elephants more and some thousands of Men. He sent to let him know that according to former Agreements he ought to deliver up to him his Slave Açadacam The King of Bisnagar referred it to Açadacam himself to give the Answer and he gave it such as deceived and at the same time was approved of 8. But the King was soon undeceived for Açadacam who had done all this only to better his Fortunes now went over to Hidalcam when least he expected it Cotamaluco who had joined Hidalcan to oppose Açadacam seeing him received with great honor goes over to the King of Bisnagar who was marching to besiege the City Rachol which he had before taken and had again submitted to Hidalcam At last these Princes came to a Composition parting the Territory of that City which fell to the Lot of Hidalcam Açadacam by order of his Master marched after Cotamaluco to the City Naiteguir taken by him and recovered it and obliging him to put himself into Hidalcam's Power with a Grand daughter he had offered him to Wife The Wedding reconciled all this Discord 9. King Badur pretended by an ancient Custom of Indostan to have the power of giving the Title of King He sent the Royal Ensigns to Hidalcam desiring he should acknowledge him as his Predecessors had done but Hidalcam accepted his Friendship and rejected the Title Badur's intention was to secure Hidalcam against the Portugueses to whom he owed the Recovering of his Crown Açadacam being suspicious of Hidalcam endeavoured to be far from him and to this end prevailed with Cotamaluco to return home and declare war Hidalcam discovered the Author of this Discord and would have killed him but the Design being disclosed Azadacam threw himself at his Feet with two hundred thousand Pardaos of Gold begging pardon tho he said he had done nothing to ask pardon for Thus he bought his Life and Hidalcam sold his safety Such is the power of Gifts even over those who can give greater 10. Hidalcam now bent his thoughts upon recovering the Lands about Goa Açadacam who had been the cause that Nuno de Cuna took them now was the promoter of his Master's demanding them Nuno referred the Answer to Diu whither he was going being sent for by
Churches of S. Thomas and S. Iames which they endeavoured to burn but could not compass The Passes were valiantly defended all the Winter 19. On the nineteenth of September Martin Alfonso de Sousa set out of Goa with one hundred and fifty Men in fifteen Vesels and passing by Calamute two thousand Nayres would have kept him in whereof he killed many dispersed the rest burnt their Town and took seven Barques He arrived at Cochin where were five Ships newly come from Portugal The King of Calicut understanding Martin Alfonso was coming to meet him with almost a thousand Men drew off Martin Alfonso now bent his Force against the King of Repelim who had offended him of Cochin Antony de Brito who had led the Van met a vigorous opposition at this Island till Martin coming up they fled who maintained the Outworks The King retired to his City in which were six thousand fighting Men. Next day Sousa attacked it after some resistance the King and all the Defendants fled As Sousa entered a Mosque he had like to be killed by a Moor but receiving the Stroke on his Buckler he run the Moor through with a Javelin This Victory cost us fourteen Men the City was plundered and reduced to Ashes The principal part of the Booty that fell to the King of Cochin on whose account this Action was undertaken was a piece of Marble by him highly valued because on it were carved the Names of the Kings of Malabar for three thousand years past which was taken from him by the King of Repelim some Brass Plates with Serpents engraved on them esteemed a great Relick by the conquered King and his Hat lost in the flight which among them is the greatest Disgrace to the Conquered and highest Glory to the Victor 20. The King of Calicut returns with forty thousand Men to attempt the Pass of Cambalam Martin Alfonso posts Francis de Barros de Payra to keep the Pass of Cranganor with three Vessels which proved of great use he himself goes to the other and landing sees five thousand of the King's Men attempt to pass the Ford. Our Men began to fear but he encouraging them boldly falls on and killing three hundred of the Enemy made them turn their Backs Zamori comes up with the Gross of his Army attempts the Ford and is repulsed with equal loss Now the Prince of Cochin joins us with twenty thousand Nayres Martin Alfonso leaves Antony de Brito with them and four hundred Portugueses who in the space of twenty days fought six Battels with the King of Calicut wherein he made such havock as obliged him to draw off with great Loss and greater Shame 21. The Reason why Martin Alfonso left that Post was because like a watchful Commander he was at once in two places by his Vigilance here in Body and in Thought at Sea where now appeared a powerful Fleet of Calicut He therefore seeing the Valour of Brito and the assistance of those Nayres left him to command there and put to Sea with three hundred Portugueses in eleven Ships At Chale he met Iames Reynoso with five Vessels Cutiale Admiral of Calicut had taken one from him he took Reynoso with him He went in search of Cutiale and found him with twenty five Vessels and in them fifteen hundred Men some of our Vessels impatient of delay advanced before the rest and forced him to retire to Tiracole whither Martin Alfonso pursuing the Fight lasted till night with great slaughter of the Enemy who fortified themselves and in the morning appeared six thousand strong having flocked from all the Neighbourhood Just at this time came an Express from the King of Cochin desiring Martin Alfonso to return with all speed because the King of Calicut knowing he was absent was coming down with a fresh Power This Advice diverted any farther Action He returned and the King of Calicut who came on because he was absent retired as soon as he knew he was present So great is the Force of Conceit 22. Mean while Madune Pandar King of Ceitavaca besieged his Brother of Cota with a Fleet by Sea Nuno Freyre de Andrade in defence of the latter went to Columbo to meet the other with only eight Portugueses and six hundred Natives where he killed many and took four Paraos with good Artillery Madune demanded Aid of Zamori he sent him two thousand Men. With this Assistance he besieged the City of Cota for the Term of three Months Knowing then that Martin Alfonso was coming to his Brother's Relief who had desired it as a Subject of Portugal he raised the Siege When Martin came Madune was drawn off and reconciled to his Brother There being nothing left for Martin Alfonso to do here having visited the King who was most thankful for the speedy Succour he set out in search of the Malabar Fleet which had assisted Madune and met it at Mangalor where after a sharp Encounter it was defeated and twelve hundred Moors slain CHAP. VIII Still continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna from the Year 1537 till the Year 1538 in the Reign of King John the Third 1. THE King of Cambaya Badur who with only the assistance of the Portugueses had recovered his Kingdom now studied their Ruin and repenting he had granted leave to raise the Fort endeavoured to take it and kill the Commander and all the Garrison Nuno de Cuna understood his wicked Design and began to prepare to prevent it That brave Gentleman Emanuel de Sousa then commanded at Diu by him Badur designed to begin the Execution On the eighth of October at night a Moor came to the Wall and told Sousa The King would send for him next day to kill him that he would not tell his Name leâ—…t it might be thought an invention to get a Reward Emanuel was long in doubt whether to go or stay at last he resolved to go and using at other times to have a numerous Retinue well armed went now with only one Servant being sent for at the hour he had been before warned The King seeing him unconcerned converted his malice for that time into an honorable Reception and Emanuel returned to the Fort. The King's Mother endeavoured to dissuade him from this wicked intention and he thought it was better by often visiting the Captain in the Fort to take off all suspicion and so murder him there and seize upon it He was of a violent nature and so began his first Visit at an unseasonable hour of the night not regarding the very unseasonableness was enough to render it suspicious Sousa received him upon his Guard they discoursed of things indifferent the King went away believing he had ensnared Sousa and he had given him a sufficient caution 2. Nuno de Cuna being advertised by Emanuel de Sousa of the posture of Affairs at Diu thought strange That he had not secured the King when in his Power and his wicked Intentions were known and that he had given out that Ships
were come from Portugal with great Supplies This Invention endangered Nuno for Badur resolved to murder him first that he might not come to the Relief of the Fort when Sousa was killed He writ to him desiring he would come to Diu about important Affairs Nuno tho he knew his wicked Designs made no difficulty of going He set out of Goa on the ninth of Ianuary and with what Vessels he carried and followed him appeared there with near three hundred Sail. 3. He put in at Chaul and found that Nizamaluco induced thereto by Badur had been there with eight thousand Men pretending it was to divert his Women at Sea but in reality with an ill design on that place which was disappointed by the care of Simon Guedez who commanded there At Baâ—…aim he took up his Brother-in-law Antony de Silveyra a Man of great worth and left in his place Ruy Vaz Pereyra 4. King Badur was at that time in the mountains hunting Nuno sent to visit him but he who let slip no opportunity now especially prevented him by sending to him first one Iohn de Santiago not long before a Christian but fallen again and become a Favourite of Badur by the name of Frangue Cham. Cuna was indisposed and feigned himself worse so lying off of Diu he sent to excuse himself to the King for not landing immediately The King feigning great Friendship presently enters into a Boat in which he had sent Nuno a Present of Venison There went with him thirteen Men of Quality and Emanuel de Sousa who had carried the last Message from Nuno de Cuna to him He received him aboard the Galeon in the best manner he could Being seated they discoursed of indifferent things but the King was surprised to see a Page whisper Nuno de Cuna and it was a Message from Emanuel de Sousa who believing he was to be there secured or killed sent word that some Captains were waiting his Orders The King was somewhat quieter seeing Cuna did not mind the Page and soon rose and went away Cuna had thought it strange that Sousa did not secure the King when he had him in the Fort alone and now having him aboard the Gallion he did not detain him Nuno ordered all the Officers to accompany the King first and then Emanuel de Sousa to the Fort where he proposed to secure the King when he came to visit him as the King on the other side had resolved to seize him at a dinner he had a design to invite him to and send him to the great Turk in a Cage 5. Emanuel de Sousa was going to invite the King to the Fort while Nuno de Cuna got thither He came up with the King 's Catur or Barge and made the offer by the means of Rume Cham who at the sametime advised the King not to go because he suspected they would secure him He slighted the Caution and bid Sousa come into his Barge who stepping over fell into the Sea but being taken up the Officers who came with him carried him to the King At the same time came up another of our Barges and some Gentlemen who seeing Emanuel de Sousa entred hastily into the Kings He suspecting their hasty coming aboard together with the Caution given by Rume Cham ordered his Officers to kill Emanuel de Sousa Iames de Mesquita understanding it flew at and wounded the King whilst they killed that valiant Captain There was a bloody Fray in which four of our Gentlemen were killed having slain seven of the Enemy Other of our Barges coming up received some damage from a Page who shot several with the King's Bow till killed with a Musquet Ball. Three of the King's Ships came up to rescue him He seeing the danger began to fly but was stopped by a Cannon shot which killed three of his Men that rowed The King thought now to escape by swimming but being in danger of drowning cried out discovering who he was Tristan de Payva de Santarem coming up reached out to him an Oar to bring him aboard his Vessel when a Soldier struck him cross the Face with a Halberd and so others till he was killed He was a little while above Water and then sunk and neither his nor Emanuel de Sousa his Body could be found tho Nuno de Cuna caused them to be diligently looked after to give them the due Funeral Honors 6. Most of the Citizens from the Walls beheld this Engagement and no sooner was the News of the King's Death spread but they began to abandon the City in such confusion that many were trampled to death running hastily to save life The fear was that Nuno de Cuna would fall upon the City for the Plunder but he soon quieted them with publick Proclamations Such as had not fled stayed and those who had returned He was seen to enter the Town unarmed comforting the Inhabitants and restraining the Avarice of his Men so that not the least Disorder was committed Then he went to the Fort. 7. He gave the Command of the Fort to Antony de Silveyra Meneses his Brother-in-law whom he brought from Baâ—…aim and the Sequel shewed it was his Worth not Kindred that procured him that Post. Payâ—… Rodiguez de Araujo was appointed his Lieutenant The Queen Mother was retired to Navanaguer Nuno de Cuna sent to comfort her and demonstrate the death of her Son had been of his own seeking but she would not hear the Messenger What was found in the Palace in Gold and Silver did not exceed two hundred thousand Pardaos The quantity of Ammunition was to be admired In the Port were one hundred and sixty Vessels some of great bulk No less wonderful was the number of Brass Cannon for that of Iron was not reckoned Among the first were found three Basilisks of such prodigious Greatness that Nuno de Cuna sent one as a rarity to Portugal which is to this day kept in the Castle of S. Iulian at the mouth of the River of Lisbon and called The Gun of Diu. 8. Among the dead King's Papers and those of Abdel Cader his Treasurer were found Letters from Saf Cham containing the progress he had made towards bringing the Turks upon the Portugueses and Copies of others from the King to those of Aden and Xael to the same purpose Nuno having gathered these and other Testimonies against the King called Coje Zofar a Man in great repute among the Mahoâ—…etans and Gentils who gathered the principal Merchants and Caziâ—…es that is Teachers of the Law Before all these the Governor produced the Letters and other Testimonials which convinced the wicked Designs of the King and justified all his own Proceedings in that Affair All the Moors and Pagans confessed themselves fully satisfied as to the Justice of the Action and accordingly gave him Certificates thereof in the Arabian and Persian Languages signed by Coje Zofar and the principal Merchants and Caziçes which were dispersed to the Princes of Decan Narsinga Ormuz and
the Coast of Arabia as far as Aden that they might all be informed of the true Causes of this Accident and that the Jealousies caused by the King's death might be allayed 9. For the greater satisfaction of the publick Nuno ordered the Mahometans should have the free Exercise of their Religion and Laws and that the Constitutions made by Badur should be observed as if he were present All Pensions or Salaries allowed by him were continued Among many that resorted to reap the Benefit of this unexpected Liberality was a Moor of Bengala who by authentick Informations was found to be three hundred and twenty years of Age. He was seen long after as shall be said when we speak of his death or vanishing He had at this time two Sons one ninety the other twelve years old His Beard and Teeth had fallen and grown again four or five times To appearance he seemed about sixty years of Age. Of person indifferent rather little than tall neither fat nor very lean He said that being one day in his first Century looking to his Cattle on the Bank of a River there appeared to him a Man cloathed in Grey girt with a Cord with Wounds in his Hands and Feet praying him to carry him over upon his Shoulders And that having done it he told him That as a Reward for that Act of Charity he should continue in the same disposition of Body till he saw him again The Portugueses after this coming into India and he into one of their Churches and seeing the Image of S. Francis cryed out with surprize This is this is the Man I carried over the River so many years ago This was the cause why Badur maintained him and why now Nuno de Cuna continued his Allowance 10. Mir Mahomet Zaman descended from the Kings of Delhi who had reigned in Cambaya hearing the death of Badur went to visit the Queen Mother at Novanaguer She fearing he came to rob her would not see him Zaman had no such intention then but came to offer her his Service and to revenge the death of the Son She thinking she was not secure there resolved to remove and he offended at her Contempt lay in wait for her with two thousand Horse and robbed her of all that was of Value which amounted to above two millions of Gold and gathering above five thousand Men was by them proclaimed King of Guzarate and with this Title entered Novanaguer Hence he sent to Nuno de Cuna acquainting him with the posture of his Affairs his Title to the Crown and desiring his Assistance in requital for which he offered the Portugueses all the Coast from Mangalor to Beth the Town of Damam as far as Baçaim the Royal Country-House of Novanaguer and other advantageous Conditions Nuno admitted them and caused him to be proclaimed King in the Mosque of Diu at the same time advising him to raise Forces and disperse the other Pretenders Zaman fearing the Advice was deceitful lay still and found the ill Consequence for the People set up Mahomet Nephew to the deceased and prepared to fall upon Zamam at Novanoguer but delayed the Execution because Cuna was so near At this time arrived five Ships from Portugal 11. The Governor being gone as the Princes of Guazarate desired the better to maintain Mahomets Title two of them marched towards Zamam with sixty thousand Men they corrupted most of his Officers He being sensible of it ordered his Friends to carry about them as much Gold and Jewels as they could to serve them in their flight Those who were corrupted did not fight the others did wonders particularly Zamam who fled to Omaum King of the Mogols of whom he received the Kingdom of Bengala The Conquerors called Antony de Silveyra Commander of Diu to an account for the King's death and being satisfied of the Causes proposed a Peace but refusing the Conditions granted by Zamam broke off Cuna hearing this News made ready to return to Diu dispatching the homeward bound trading Ships and sending Martin Alfonso de Sousa with forty Ships to guard the Coasts of Malabar 12. The greatest Enemies the Portugueses found in India were the Moors inhabiting from Chaul to C. Comori the space of 200 Leagues who had flocked hither in great numbers for the great Riches of the Sea in Pearls and vast Trade of all those Ports Pate Marcar a powerful Moor of Cochin offended that the Portugueses had taken some of his Vessels went over to Calicut the better to annoy them with the assistance of that King There he was furnished with above fifty Ships two thousand Men and four hundred Pieces of Cannon to go to the assistance of Madune Pandar against his Brother the King of Ceylon our Ally At Coulam he found a great Portuguese Ship lading with Pepper he beset her and after a sharp Engagement was forced to retire having killed the Captain of her Farther on he took a Ship and killed all that were in it Beyond C. Comori he destroyed a Town of the Christians Martin Alfonso hearing of this pursues and running up a River with only nineteen Barques offers him battel but he refused and got off It looked like a rashness to follow further so Martin returned to Cochin in order to set out again better provided 13. He set out with twenty three Vessels all to row and four hundred Men. At Beadala he met Pate Marcar careening in order to go over to Ceylon Pate seeing Alfonso gathered seven thousand Men and Alfonso with his four hundred resolved to fight him He ordered Gaspar de Lemos with seven Barges to stay till he gave the signal with a Cannon and then to come up with all the greatest noise he could to divert the Enemy on that side while he attacked them on the other A Piece being fired without order Lemos thinking it was the Signal came up and was killed with others before Martin Alfonso could relieve him At last he came and revenged the death of those killing above seven hundred of the Enemy and putting the rest to flight whereby he remained Master of the Sea and Field Thirty Portugueses were lost Among the Portugues Slaves here set at liberty was a Woman who was Mistress to one of them loaded with Chains who could not be prevailed upon by Threats nor Promises to renounce her Faith but with great Constancy much to be admired in such a Woman encouraged the Slaves to continue firm in the Faith in contempt of all Tortures The chief party of the Booty consisted of twenty three Barques four hundred Cannon fifteen hundred Musquets and many Prisoners This happened on the fifteenth of February Martin de Ayala was sent to the Governor in a Catur or Barge with fifteen Men who meeting near Chale a Galliot with two hundred Malabars fought them so long till both sides desisted through weariness Ayala being recovered found he had but four Men left alive and with them prosecuted his Voyage 14. Martin Alfonso
sailed over victorious to Columbo the King of which place was besieged by his Brother Madune Pandar who at first thought our Fleet had been that of Pate coming to his assistance But hearing the Ruin of it raised the Siege and made Peace Martin and his Officers honored and presented by the King sailed to Cochin from whence they again set out to scour the Coast. Off of Mount Delii they met six Paraos and took five of them A little farther they had the like Success with seventeen others Next day they took six and a Ship laden with Provisions Six thousand Pardaos were offered Martin for the Ransom of one Moor and he chose rather to hang him for an Example Being ordered by the Governor to Diu because a great Fleet of Turks was expected he forced ashore by the way a great Gallion of theirs and loaded his small Vessels with the Riches were in it Thus Martin Alfonso struck a Terror into all the Enemies and purchased us great security for some time 15. D. Emanuel de Meneses was gone about this time Embassador to Xael and was there imprisoned by that King with all the Portugueses who were in the Town Soâ—… base and insolent Spirits were the Cause of this Action The King had favourably received some Portugueses in his Port but they being a loose People required his Kindness with Injuries One of these among others had robbed the King 's own Cousin and after other Tortures hung him and two other persons of Note by the private Parts to make them discover their Treasure Gonzalo Vaz committed another Robbery Alvaro Madera being kindly entertained by an honest Moor forced his Wife from him One Godino had the Honor to treat the King at his House and payed it with calling him Drunkard Others took a Ship belonging to his Subjects and impudently came to sell it in his Port. These and other Villanies had been acted when D. Emanuel de Meneses came with seventy Men to settle a Peace He was ignorant of what had happened and suspected it the less being well treated by the King He was lodged and then beset the Moors killing all the Portugueses about the Town A just Punishment for such Extravagances The King sent for D. Emanuel to Court he went with seventy Men but was admitted with only one and received very civilly but detained a Prisoner as were all the seventy except Godino whose Head was cut off in the presence of the King For Insolencences committed upon Royal Persons admit no delay of punishment Of the seventy he sent thirty as a Present to the Turk to purchase his Favour thinking he had by this Action lost the Portugueses Among the thirty was Madera who making his Escape from Constantinople carried the News to Portugal of the Turkish Fleet that was fitting at Suez to invade India This Advice caused the King to send continual Succors and immediately he dispatched five Ships 16. Nuno de Cuna hearing what had happened at Xael ordered D. Ferdinand de Limâ—… who was going to command at Ormuz by the way to conclude a peace with that King He did it the Peace was sworn and D. Manuel de Meneses with those who were still there restored Nuno being satisfied the Turks were not coming as the Mooâ—… gave out to terrifie him began that vast Cistern which is there of such bigness that being twenty five Spans deep each Span contains a thousand Pipes of Water This he provided against a long Siege and added new Fortifications Having given all the necessary Orders in this place he sailed to Goa CHAP. IX Continues still the Government of Nuno de Cuna the same Year 1538 in the Reign of King John the Third 1. LET us now turn a while to the Bay of Bengala into which falls the famous River Ganges by two mouths This River has its springs in the mountains of great Tartary from whence it runs to the Southward near 600 Leagues and divides India into two paâ—…ts Intra extra Gangem On the mouth that falls into the Sea to the Eastward is the City Chatigam on that to the Westward Satigam The Ganges runs through the middle of the Kingdom of Bengala to which were subject on the East those of Caor Comataii Sirote Codovoscam Cou and Tipora but these two last joining together threw off the Subjection on the West of the River Cospetir whose Plain is overflowed by Ganges as Egypt by the Nile conquered by the Patanas The Heathens here say that God granted these particular Prerogatives or Blessings to five Kingdoms To that of Bengala infinite numbers or Foot to Orixa Elephants to Bisnagar People skilled in Sword and Buckler to Delhi abundance of Towns and to Cou innumerable Horses The Country of Bengala lying between twenty two and twenty six degrees of Northern Latitude and being very well watered is most fruitful and produces many sorts of Fruit some like that of Spain Sugar and long Pepper abundance of Cattel and foul infinite quantities of Cotten which they work the Curiosity of their Quilts is extraordinary The Natives are Heathens and Men of no Courage but false and treacherous that it may appear all the World over Cowardize and Treachery go together The King is Heir to all Men. The principal City Gouro seated on the Banks of Ganges three Leagues in length containing one million and two hundred thonsand Families and well fortified along the streets which are wide and streight Rows of Trees to shade the People which sometimes is in such numbers that some are trod to death 2. About fifty years before the Portugueses discovered India came â—…o Gouro an Arabian Mahometan who growing rich and powerful obtained the then King of Bengala a Victory over the King of Orixa The King besides other Rewards made him Captain of his Guard and he ingratefully killed the King usurped the Kingdom and left the Inheritance thereof to the Moors that succeeded They observe no Rule of Inheritance from Father to Son but even Slaves sometimes obtain it by killing their Master and whoever holds it three days they look upon as established by Divine Providence Thus it fell out that in forty years space they had thirteen Kings successively At the time when Martin Alfonso de Melo Iusarte was prisoner to Mahomet Xiath that King who tyrannically held the Crown kept his Court at Gouro in great apprehension of being deposed but with such state that only his Women amounted to the number of ten thousand Martin and the others who were Prisoners with him obtained him success against the Patanas with whom he was at War 3. Martin and his Fellows obtained their Liberty by the means of Coje Sabadim a rich Moor who promised iâ—… Nuno de Cuna would carry him to Ormuz he would contrive the King of Portugal should have a Fort in the Port of Chatigam The Governor earnest upon this important Affair granted all he demanded and sent thither Martin Alfonso with two hundred Men in five Vessels The
220 CHAP. VII Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo in the Year 1615 224 CHAP. VIII Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo this same Year 1615 and that of 1616 229 CHAP. IX Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo the same Year 1616 234 CHAP. X. Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo in the Year 1616 242 CHAP. XI Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo the same Year 1616 249 CHAP. XII Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo in the Year 1617. 256 CHAP. XIII Particular Discoveries made in the Island of Madagascar or St. Lawrence by Order of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo 264 CHAP. XIV Continues the Discoveries in the Island Madagascar under the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo 271 CHAP. XV. The Government of the Viceroy D. John Coutinno Count de Rodendo from the Year 1617 till 1619 278 CHAP. XVI Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. John Coutinno Count de Redondo 284 CHAP. XVII Several wonderful Accidents during the two Years Government of the Viceroy the Count de Redondo 292 CHAP. XVIII Of the Governor Ferdinand de Albuquerqâ—…e from the Year 1619 till 1622 299. CHAP. XIX Continues the Government of Ferdinand de Albuquerque 308 CHAP. XX. Of the Viceroy D. Alfonso de Noronna in the Year 1621 314 CHAP. XXI Of the Propagation of the Faith in Japan and Ethiopia about this Time 316 TOM III. PART IV. CHAP. I. The Second Government of the Viceroy D. Francis de Gama Count de Vidigueyra from the Year 1622 till 1627 Page 321 CHAP. II. Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Francis de Gama Count de Vidigueyra 331 CHAP. III. The Government of D. F. Luis de Brito Bishop of Cochim from the Year 1628 till 1629 343 CHAP. IV. Of the Viceroy D. Francis Mascarennas in the Year 1628 with sundry Occurrences at Pegu Martavam Prom Siam and other Places 347 CHAP. V. Continues the Affairs of the Kings of Siam and Pegâ—… 357 CHAP. VI. Of the Governor Nunno Alvarez Botello in the Year 1629 364 CHAP. VII Continues the Exploits of the Governor and General Nunno Alvarez Botello 370 CHAP. VIII The Government of the Viceroy D. Michael de Noronna Count de Linnares from the Year 1629 till 1635 374 CHAP. IX Of the Affairs of Ethiopia during the Government of the Viceroy D. Michael de Noronna Count de Linnares 383 CHAP. X. Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Michael de Noronna Count De Linnares 387 CHAP. XI Of the Recovery of Ceylon during the Government of the Viceroy the Count de Linnares 396 CHAP. XII Of several Occurrences till the end of the Government of the Viceroy the Count De Linnares 402 CHAP. XIII The Government of the Viceroy Peter de Silva from the Year 163â—… till 1638 408 CHAP. XIV The Government of Antony Tellez de Silva from the Year 1639 till 1640. 412 CHAP. XV. Of the Viceroy John de Silva Tello who went for India in the Year 1640 414 A short Account of what the Portugueses are possest of between the Cape of Good Hope and China of the several Dignities Commands and Revenues in the said Possessions and of the Religious Houses in those Parts 415 An Account of all the SHIPS that sailed from Lisbon to the Discovery of the Coasts of Africk and Asia and the Annual Trading Ships from the time Prince Henry first attempted the Discovery till the Year 1640. 421 The Viceroy and Governors of India from the first Discovery till the Year 1640 433 Books in Print and Manuscripts out of which the Portugues Asia was Collected 436 THE PORTUGUES ASIA TOM III. PART I. CHAP. I. The Government of the Vice-Roy D. Francis Mascarennas Count de St. Cruz from the Year 1581 till the Year 1584. 1. DON Francis Mascarennas Count of Santa Cruz was the First Vice-Roy of India sent after the Revolution of the Kingdom of Portugal by the King of â—…ain The Honours and Advantages conferred on him together with this Command exceeded all that till that time had been heard of upon the like Occasion D. Francis very well deserved all Rewards of Honour and â—…ofit having served well in India and bravely defended the City Chaul with a few Men and no Wall against the Power of Nizamaluco who â—…sieged it with 150000 Men. Yet this his Advancement may be attributed rather than 〈◊〉 his Merit to the Policy of Princes who when they gain a Crown to which there are other Competitors endeavour to gain Hearts by Bounty and heap on one what at another time would serve many The Vice Roy had five Ships 2. Being come to Goa he found all India had already proclaim'd King Philip according to the Orders not long before sâ—…nt to the Governor Ferdinand Telles de Meneses It is credible the great Favours bestowed on the Count were only to animate him to procure the peaceable submission of India to the new King and that being already performed by Ferdinand Telles the Count fortunately reaped the Benefit of his Care and Industry 3. The new Vice-Roy being eased of that Care applied himself to the usual Affairs of the Government sending out Squadrons as customary in the beginning of Summer Mathias de Albuquerque with two Gallies and Twenty other Vessels and Seven hundred Men were ordered for the Coast of Malabar 4. He being on that Coast sent Francis Fernandez with Eighteen Sail to burn Coulete the lesser which was a Nest of Pyrats it was executed by him without losing one Man the same at Capocate where â—…ty Almadies being fishing Vessels were taken and the Country made desolate for a long tiâ—… A hundred Moorâ—… of Capocate seeing their Houses buâ—…â—…un in a Rage to the Shore where Aloâ—…â—…yra with Eighteen Men withstood â—…em till he was relieved from the Ships and got off without Loss some of the Enemâ—… being killed by our Cannon D. Giles Yanez burnt some Vessels and killed several â—…en up that River then they all returned to their Admiral who was become tâ—… Tâ—…ror of all that Coast. 5. This Destruction fell chiefly on the Queens of the Mountains between Calicut and Carâ—… and her of Olala their Towns and Wâ—…ods being burnt and cut down The neighbouring People terrified herewith submitted and paid the Tribute they owed for some Years and the Balala of Panabur was again brought under subjection Franciâ—… Fernandez Alvaro de Avelar and Andrew Fâ—…rtado took each of them a considerable Ship Alfonso Ferreyra over against Coulâ—… razed a Fort of the Moors having killed sâ—… of One hundred and fifty he attacked with few Men. 6. Iames Lopez Coutinno de Santarem cruzing on the Northern Coast with Eight Sail near Suratte burnt a Village of the Mogols because they had killed Six of Twenty four Men who without Orders went ashore but as he drew off the Enemy came down very numerous with some Elephants
asked Succour of him who sent ten Sail commanded by D. Iohn Ronquillo This was not only a Supply of Ammunition for the Spaniards were assisting to him with their Persons especially by taking some Vessels of Iava that to our loss used that Port. Babu King of Ternate dying left his Bastard Son Bozai possessed of the Crown though he had a lawful Heir who wanting Power lost his Right For seldom does Right prevail where Force is wanting 24. About this time the Great Turk sent Mahomet Bassa with 12000 Horse many Pioniers much Artillery and Money to secure his late Conquests in Persia. Xa Codabanda joyning with Semecombel the Georgian met him with a moderate Army and as he was fording a River cut off many of his Horse and caused 40000 Foot to be drowned The Persians and Georgians got not only the Victory but much Riches 25. Persia was now in a great confusion for the Georgian Mirsa Salmas Son-in-Law and Favourite to Xa perswaded him that his Son Abax Mirsa King of Ceorazone stiled himself Emperour of Persia and caused him to Arm against him The Emperour marched against his Son cutting off the Heads of many principal Men till he came to the City Hers built by Tamerlan the Great and now the Court of the innocent Abax whō not knowing the cause of this his Father's motion had fortified himself But now coming before his Father and clearing himself the wicked Salmas his Head was cut off in his presence The Turk taking this advantage sent the Bassa Ferabat with 100000 Horse and much Money to conquer the Province of Raviam He did much harm there and had done much more but that the Emperor reconciled to his Son put a stop to his Current 27. Now arrives in India D. Duarte de Meneses who went to succeed the Viceroy D. Francis who delivered up the Sword after having held it three Years being the 16th Vice-Roy and 31th in the number of Governors and Third of the Name and Sirname CHAP. III. The Government of the Vice-Roy D. Duarte de Meneses from the Year 1584 till 1588. 1. D. Duarte de Meneses though of great Quality yet was better known by his Valour which moved the King to make choice of him without any Recommendations or Pretensions of his not doubting he would be as successful in India as he had been in Tangier He had six Ships and a prosperous Voyage 2. The first thing he applied himself to was the appeasing the Tumults at Cochin The Vice-Roy D. Francis had sent Commissioners to treat with the Heads of that People and they had reduced them to hearken to an Accommodation D. Duarte now arriving admits their Proposals so that the Affair of the Custom-House was settled He dispatched the Ships for Lisbon one whereof was never heard of The Vice-Roy D. Francis returned in one of them 3. The Vice-Roy being at Goa treated with the Ambassador of Hidalcan about the manner of chastising the Nayque of Sanguicer for the Death of D. Giles Yanez and to prevent Piracy The Ambassador agreed that Rostican Governor of Ponda should assist with Forty Thousand Men by Land whilst D. Hierome de Mascarenuas sent by the Vice-Roy attacked the Nayque by Sea 4. Hierome entring the River sent up 13 Vessels that rowed and at break of Day couragiously landed attacked some Works killed many of their Defendants and took their Cannon Then they marched to the Town and the Inhabitants flying up the Inland fell into the Hands of Rostican who according to agreement was upon his March destroying all before him Next day D. Hierome landed and he marching on the one side and Rostican on the other they laid all the Country in Ashes The Nayque from the Woods sent to implore Mercy promising to perform Conditions if the ruined Country were restored to him which was granted 5. Iames de Azambuja Cammander of Tidore was in great want of Ammunition the Governor of Manila sent four Barques to his Relief commanded by Peter Sarmiento who by the way took Possession of the Island Mousel The King of Ternate whose the Island was resolving to be revenged on three of the Barques that went for Provisions to Baçham sent his Brother Cachil Tulo with 24 Galliots to take them They being abroad on this Design met two Vessels belonging to the Philipine Islands that had also brought Relief to Tidore commanded by N. de Duenas He not able to avoid them attacked the Admiral Galliot and sunk her but all the others falling upon the 2 Vessels in which were but 12 Spaniards they were all slain having fought to admiration and killed and wounded many of the Enemy Tulo proud of this Success met those he before looked for after a desperate fight night parted them 200 of the Ternatenses and 8 Spaniards being killed 6. Then arrived at Tidore Duarte Pereyra with one Galleon he went to succeed Azambuja who instead of resigning the Command assaulted Pereyra in a House where he was with his Wife and Family and all was in great danger had not the King interposed At the same time arrived 400 Spaniards from Manila to assist Azambuja to recover the Fort of Ternate but he searing Pereyra in his absence would take Possession of the Command resolved to let slip this opportunity Pereyra understanding it and being of another mind said Such important Affairs ought not to be lost upon such Motives that if the other would go he would bear him Company At length Azembuja set out accompanied by the Kings of Tidore Bacham and Celebes They landed though opposed by the Natives battered the Fort without effect lost some Men and retired to Tidore 7. The City Tauris on the Borders of the greater Armenia at the Foot of the Mountain Orote was once the Court of the Kings of Persia and is now one of the most famous Places of Trade in the East rich and plentiful The Great Turk desiring to raise a Fort there sent Osman Bassa with a powerful Army who encamped before it on the Banks of a River The Persian Emperor was ready to receive him with 70000 Horse and sent out a Party to engage him while his Son Mirazen Mirsa lay in Ambush with 10000 to break out in the heat of the Fight The Youth was brave and performed his Part so well that at one onset he killed 7000 Turks and retired with Honour and Booty 7000 pursue him and he facing them cut off one half of them Next day the Turks assault the City but the Persians sallying killed 3000 at that time and again at Night 4000 more But the Governor after this abandons the City yet the Inhabitants stood upon their defence and at first made a great slaughter till over-powered by the multitude many of them were put to the Sword their Wives and Daughters abused and all plundered 8. Osman being now in Possession in a Months time raised a wonderful Fort for greatness and strength in the Royal Gardens as the most convenient place Some of the
de Lima's Captains snatched him out of the Enemies Hands being penned up between Palisades with only Seventeen Souldiers and gained him time to retire to his Ships 9. The City Iâ—…r is seated on the heighth of a Point of Land in the Country of Malaca in one degree and half of North Latitude not far distant from the Shore girt with thick Walls though of Wood yet strong being composed of vast Beams well knit together at small distances are Bastions all well stored with Artillery and defended by great numbers of Malays Manancabo's and Islanders of Iava and other Warlike Places some of them commanded by their Kings as those of Tringale Dragut Campar and others The River adds much to this strength embracing the City with two Arms. 11. D. Paul being come consulted the manner of attempting the place and began a Battery with good success The Enemies Fleet endeavoured a Diversion but in vain The Battery was continued till the day of the Assumption of our B. Lady to which D. Paul had a peculiar Devotion 11. The morning of that day he landed 600 Portugueses in three Bodies D. Antony de Noronna who led one had a hot Dispute about landing with a Number of the Enemies Musketiers who being repulsed still rallied but at length our Men made their way to attempt the Town where some of them were killed endeavouring to force a passage where there was none 12. In the mean while D. Paul cutting through 2000 of the Enemy in a Wood joyned D. Antony and both together broke into the City The Enemy no longer able to sustain our Fury gave way and was pursued by those two Bodies into the City The third of our Battalions had the same success in getting in and with equal danger being charged by one of the Kings upon an Elephant with a strong and resolute Party But the Beast being shot by D. Nunno Alvarez Pereyra so disordered them that our Men had the opportunity to advance 13. The Fight was very desperate in the Streets many Arrows and Darts flying from the Windows yet our Men advanced till they came to the place where the King was with his Allies and there the Battle was renewed D. Paul encouraged his Men not only with Words but with his Example leading them on with Sword in hand 14. After 6 hours Combat the fortune of the Day still seemed dubious till Matias Pereyra who had only 15 Men left with him of 150 attacked and entred the Fort Botabato which gave new Life to our Men almost spent with continual Labour 15. Luis Martines Pereyra who was left to command the Fleet ceased not battering the Town hearing only the noise of the Fight and seeing the Enemies Colours upon the Walls but seeing the Christian set up on the Fort Cotabato he desisted The Kings also discovering them and other signs of their Ruin mounted on Elephants with their Wives and fled up the Inland 16. After the Victory the City was fired which being great and of combustible matter raised a terrible Flame Many People were burnt chiefly Women and Children who in the Confusion could not escape The Booty was very great the Prisoners many and the number of Slain by the Portugueses amounted to 4000 besides near 3000 killed by those that came to assist Rajale when they saw he was defeated on our side 80 were lost Almost 1000 Pieces of Cannon were found some very large 1500 Muskets and 2200 Vessels D. Paul of all the Booty took to himself only an Image of our B. Lady found by a Soldier in the Wood where he was first ingaged 17. The City Malaca resolved to receive D. Paul in Triumph D. Antony de Noronna for the share he had in this Victory desired he would let him go by his Side and he replied Gloriam meaâ—… alteri non dabo D. Antony offended hereat acquainted his Soldiers and they resolved to anticipate the Triumph They landed with found of Drums Trumpets and noise of Cannon and covering the way with their Cloaths led him to the Church D. Paul landed in the same manner he had done at Ior was received by the Religious Orders with their Crosses and singing placed under a Canopy and crown'd by the Bishop with a Garland of Roses and Flowers CHAP. VI. The End of the Government of D. Duarte de Meneses 1. THE Tyrant Raju resolving to possess himself of our Fort of Colombo in Câ—… to this effect gathered â—…0000 fighting Men 60000 Pioniers and near as many Artificers and other Labourers 2200 Elephants 40000 Oxen 150 Pieces of Câ—…on 50000 Axes Shovels Pickâ—…s and Spades an innumerable quantity of spare Arms and Tools two Castles carried each upon a great Cart with 9 Wheels and almost 500 Sail. He thought fit first to consult the Idols about the Success and having placed Men behind them who should say as he had directed them the Answer was That if he would enter Columbo he mâ—…st shed innocent Blood 2. The People was astonished at this familiarity between their Prince and Idols and he pretending Obedience to the Divine Commands caused 500 Children to be snatched from their Mothers Arms which were all slaughtered and the Idols sprinkled with their Blood 3. Thus prepared he marched and sate down before the Town choosing the Ground he best liked there being no body to hinder him Our Commander Iohn de Brito knowing this Storm was like to fall upon him had made the best provision he could He had but 300 Portugueses the third part of them useless being old Men or Children and 700 Natives and Slaves which he posted to the best advantage about that Wall the Circumference whereof is very great reserving 50 to be ready with himself wherever the greatest Danger called Raju spent a month in dreining a Lake that on one side secured the Town about this Work and securing some Boats we had upon that Water there were many Skirmishes in which the Enemy came off with great loss 4. The Fort was much weakened by the want of that Water which was the chief Defence on that side Our Commander gave Advice of the Danger he was in to the Neighbouring Places The first that sent Relief was Iohn de Melo Commander of Manar it consisted of 40 Men under the Command of his Nephew Ferdinand and Ammunition Ferdinand was posted on the side of the Lake Whilst Raju prepared for the Attack there was a Skirmish between the Besiegers and Besieged in which the former lost many Men and had some of their Works levelled 5. On the 4th of August before day Raju advanced to give the first Assault with such silence he could not be heard and the Darkness was such he could not have been seen but the Musketiers lighted Matches discovered them They laid their Ladders and mounted the Bastions St. Michael St. Goncalo and St. Francis 2000 Pioniers at the same time working below to undermine the Wall many of the former were cast down upon these last and abundance of them in
that reaches to the River Iâ—…narigue then that of Pande bordering on the other Moâ—…nibe which extends to that of Zavara in the Inland Near these are the Kingdoms of Gamba and Mocuraba next to it is Cape Corrientes 8. After suffering much Hunger Thirst Weariness and being persecuted by Thieves they came to the Town of the King of Mâ—…nica by whom they were courteously received and entertained he offer'd them to live in his Town or in the Island where we said before the Portugueses used to reside during the time of their stay till such time as Portugues Merchants came thither They accepted of the Island where some died Being ill accommodated there they passed over in Boats to the other side of the Continent and in the Passage were parted Some few got to the Fort of Zofala others to the King of Innaca's Town where were some Portugues Traders who had also suffered Shipwrack here after enduring great Hardships many died 9. D. Paul de Lima ended his Days and was there buried on the Shore Such as escaped Death a long time after went over to Goa Among these were three Women Donna Mariana Donna Ioanna Mendoça who after led a solitary Life and Donna Beatrix Wife to D. Paul who carried his Bones to Goa then went to Portugal and Married again at Oporto 10. Let us return to India Mir Alibet encouraged by his Success in the Year 1587 set out the beginning of this Summer from Moca with four Gallies and the Vessel he had taken from Rocque de Brito at Lamo. He anchor'd off of Melinde and was obliged to remove the first Night by Matthew Mendez de Vasconcelos who commanded on that Coast. Our Governor Emanuel de Sousa Coutinno understanding this Pyrate was abroad sent against him his own Brother Thomas de Sousa Coutinno with 900 Men in 20 Vessels of several sorts 11. After a troublesom Voyage he arrived at Mombaça in February where Mir Alibet had already fortified himself Our Fleet passed through the Enemies Fire up the River took the four Gallies killed above 70 Turks released many Christians and took many Prisoners and 30 Pieces of Cannon 12. The Muzimba's at this time were on the other side in such Numbers as shall be related in the Year 1593 intending to kill and plunder the Moors of Mombaça Having from thence with admiration beheld what the Portugueses had done their Commander sent to Thomas de Sousa to desire him That since the Portugueses were Gods of the Sea and he of the Land and they had done their Work they would give him leave to begin his Sousa consented and they entring the Island killed the Moors and Turks who from the City fled to the Woods Many fled to the Ships and were taken in the rest were cut in pieces to be eaten by the Muzimbas Among those that preferr'd Captivity before Death was Mir Alibet and a Son and Brother of the King of Qualife 13. Sousa went over to the Island the King whereof had been a Principal Actor in this Revolt and being now in Arms refused to come to him but D. Bernardin Coutinno with only one Souldier ran up to the King at the Head of his Men and threatning to stab him if any one stirred brought him away He the King of Qualife's Brother and two Governors of Pate were beheaded The King of Sio was put to the Oar the rest were all fined Then our Commander passed over to the Island Mandra the People of which Place had told some Portugueses that only the Sun Beams could enter there Yet the Island and Town were entred the one wasted the other levelled with the Ground 14. Thus Sousa brought all that Coast under Subjection and was received at Goa with great applause Mir Alibet was brought to Portugal where he died a Christian. 15. About the end of the Year arrived in India five Ships from Portugal 16. It is not my Intention to relate only what is honourable of the Portugues I will here set down four ridiculous and destructive Actions of theirs The first was thus The King of Banguel our Friend desiring to destroy a Wood belonging to an Enemy of his desired our Admiral of the Coast of Calicut to assist him with 300 Men to guard those that cut down the Wood. They were sent and instead of securing him so dispersed themselves in the Wood that the Enemy taking the advantage cut them all off The second A Portugues Galley meeting some Pirats of Cangane pursued them with Scoffs scorning to take up Arms against them and they turning upon the Galley entred it and put all the Men to the Sword 17. The third The Admiral that was so unfortunate in the Red Sea in the Year 1586 having now taken a rich Ship of Meca and killed the Captain order'd the Moors in her as if it had been one of his Galleons to follow the Admiral 's Light They as soon as it was night fled and he being ashamed to be so deceived endeavoured to excuse himself by saying The Jesuits had advised him so to do as if that were any Justification of his Folly The fourth Seven hundred Portugueses from Chatigam took a Town and being in it a Cannon that was hid accidentally took fire and they without examining further fled to their Ships in such a Consternation that one single Moor durst follow them throwing of Stones 18. Two of our Gallies going to Chaul to bring an Ambassador sent by the Mogol were set upon at the River of Carapatan Eighteen Leagues from Goa by a great Squadron of Malabars commanded by the famous Moor Castamuza After a tedious fight the Enemy left them in such a Condition that only their departure could have saved our Men who may be said to have had the Victory because they kept the Field 19. In May 1591 Matthias de Albuquerque arrived in India alone having set out of â—…bon with five Ships four whereof were driven back to Portugal He went to succeed Emanuel de Sousa with the Title of Viceroy Sousa having given up the Sword Embarqued for Portugal on the greatest Ship that had ever been seen on the Ocean and vastly Rich and was cast away on the Sands of Garajâ—…o nothing that was in the Ship being saved This Ship made up the number of 22 lost in this Voyage between the Years 1579 and 1591 a great loss for so short a time and may be attributed to two Causes the over-loading and making them too big both faults proceeding from Covetousness 20. In fine Emanuel de Sousa Coutinno was born in the Village de los Arneyros in the Diocess of Lamego and was a Gentleman might make the Place of his Birth honourable He was the 33th Governor first of the Name and second of both Sirnames CHAP. VIII The Government of the Vice-Roy Mathias de Albuquerque from the Year 1591 till 1597. 1. MAthias de Albuquerque a Gentleman well deserving this Command was before named for this Govermnent by the Patents
of Succession but being come for Portugal when they were opened was again here appointed with the Title of Vice-Roy The Season was so far advanced it was generally believed he could not go through but he caused himself to be Painted on his Colours standing upon Fortune and setting them up in his Ship said He would perform the Voyage in spight of her and did it About the time he entred upon the Government there sailed from Lisbon Iames Pereyra Tibao in a small Ship and in December Ruy Gomez de Gram in a Galleon and Gaspar Fagundez in a Caravel who were to be in India about the middle of this Year we now enter upon and about the end of it arrived there four Ships that set out about the beginning 2. The Vice-Roy understanding that the King of Iafanapatan assisted him of Candea against and delighted in Persecuting such as imbraced the Christian Religion calling himself King of Kings sent against him Andrew Furtado that great Commander with 20 Sail. 3. Off of Calicut he met three Ships of Meca after a hot Engagement he sunk two and took one Then he sailed in search of the Pirat Cotimuza Nephew and Admiral to Cunnale who with 14 some say 22 Galleys was become absolute on the Coast of Coromandel had taken several of our Ships and designed to take from us the Forts of Columbo and Manar At the Mouth of the River Cardiva Furtado met and fought him and he having behaved himself well escaped by swimming leaving us possessed of his whole Fleet. It is pity we want the Particulars of this fine Action 4. Our Admiral after this Victory entring the Port of Manar found there a great Fleet and made himself Master of it many of the Men swimming a-shore to join the King's Army Furtado Lands and marches toward the Town which was well fortified manned and provided He assaults the Works and drives the Defendants into the Town whence the King with severe Language made his Commander return to Charge the Portugueses without hearkning to the Advice he gave him to shift for himself because they would soon be in his Palace The General returned and was killed with all his Men. The Portugueses advancing slew the King and his eldest Son his younger Brother casting himself at Furtado's Feet begged his Life which was granted him and the Government of that Kingdom till the Vice-Roy should order it otherwise He was afterwards made King upon reasonable Terms 5. At this time Cunnale Marcar a Subject of the King of Calicut successfully scoured that Coast with a good Squadron Against him the Vice-Roy sent D. Alvaro de Abranchez with a considerable Fleet. F. Francis da Coâ—…a was then Prisoner at the Court of Zamori who inclined that Prince to treat of Peace with the Portugueses and to that effect sent the same Father to D. Alvaro who was then in that Sea D. Alvaro sent him to the Vice-Roy the Peace was concluded to the content of both Parties and Zamori not only released all the Slaves in his Kingdom but encouraged the Jesuits to build a Church himself laying the first Stone 6. The beginning of this Year sailed from Lisbon four Ships two whereof we shall see miserably perish at the latter end of the Year following 7. Let us go to Moçambique where there happened a great loss Our Commander of Tete had some Skirmishes with the Cafres our Enemies Tete is a Fort of that Authority that all the Neighbours for three Leagues about divided under eleven Captains obey the Commander of it as each does their own and upon the least signal given resort thither to the number of 2000 armed Men. With these Cafres and some Portugueses he marched against Quisura Captain of the Munbo Cafres who was at Chicarongo Six hundred of these gave him Battle and were cut off every Man of them whereby many Prisoners were released who were to have been slaughtered like Cattle for the Shambles theirs being of human Flesh. The Tyrant Quisura was also killed who used to pave the way to his Habitation with the Sculls of those he had overcome 8. Andrew de Santiago Commander of the Fort of Sena designing as much against the Muzimba's found them so well fortified he was obliged to send to Peter Fernandes de Chaves Commander of Tete for aid Chaves marched with some Portugues Musqueteers and the Cafres under his Command but the Muzimba's being informed of it and fearing the Conjunction of those Forces fell upon him so unexpectedly that they slew him and all his Portugueses being advanced before their Cafres who thereby had time to retire The Victors quarter'd the dead for Food and returned with them to their Works F. Nicholas of the Rosary a Dominican was reserved from this general slaughter and after shot to death with Arrows 9. Next day the Muzimba's marched out of their Works after their Leader who had put on the Casula or Vestment taken from the martyr'd Priest and holding a Dart in his Right hand and the Chalice in the Left The Men carried the Commander of Tete's Head on a Spear and the Quarters of the Portugueses on their Backs Andrew de Santiago astonished at that Sight thought to retire by Night but the Enemy falling upon him he was killed with most of his Men so that in both Actions above 130 of them were cut in pieces to be buried in those Barbarians Bellies 10. D. Peter de Sousa Commander of Moçambique under whose Jurisdiction Tete is set out with 200 Portugueses and 1500 Cafres to take Revenge on these Munzimba's He batter'd their Works but with no success and endeavouring to Scale them was repulsed Being likely to succeed by raising Gabions as high as their Trenches he was prevented by some cowardly Portugueses who to hide their fear pretended the Fort of Sena was in danger Our Commander drawing off to relieve it was attacked by the Muzimba's lost many of his Men the Cannon and other Booty Yet the Enemy offered a Peace which was concluded 11. Soon after one of these Muzimba's marching Eastward gather'd 15000 Men and killing all in his way that had Life set down before Quiloa which he entred by the Treachery of one of the Inhabitants and put them all to the Sword 12. This done he caused the Traytor and all his Family in his presence to be cast into the River saying It was not fit such base People who betrayed their Country should be spared nor yet eaten because they were venomous therefore he cast them to be Food for the Fish So odious is Treason even among Barbarians He designed to have done the same at Melinde but that King assisted by 30 Portugueses withstood him till 3000 of the Mosseguejo Cafres coming to the Relief of Melinde the Muzimba's were so slaughtered that of all that Army only 100 escaped with the general after they had ravaged 300 Leagues Behold the Chalice of this Muzimba 13. Maâ—…hew Mendez de Vasconcelos by force of Arms re-established the King
our hopes advanced when the Fathers were imprisoned by the Court of Ceremonies for presuming to reside there without presenting themselves before their Tribunal This confinement lasted but three days because the King sent for them Though he sent for them they saw him not yet performed all the usual impertinent Ceremonies to his Throne as if he had been there The Supream President of that Court more particularly examined F. Rivius who he was whence he came and what he and his Companions pretended at Court and he being the most expert in the Chinese Language in most lofty terms answer'd to all those Particulars to the great admiration of the President and all the Auditory 13. The King being informed hereof granted the Fathers leave to live at that Court and all the Courtiers favoured them especially the Ministers of State and Mandarins F. Rivius so far gained the favour of a Calao the Supream Dignity in that Empire that he treated him as his equal a thing never used in that great Place seated him at his Table and gave singular attention to all he said particularly in Matters relating to Religion One of the things that most pleased him was that Christianity allowed not of more Wives than one Thus Rivius contracted Friendship with the President of the Supream Council and soon after most of the Principal Men. 14. Thus with Divine and Royal Assistance the Faith was propagated at Peking Hancheu Nanking and Nancham There were converted Mandarins Lawyers and other Persons of Note some with their whole Families and the Society of Jesus after 20 Years labour in the Year 1601 was possessed of four Residences in China one whereof at Court which was to support all the rest 15. F. Nicholas Longobardo a Sicilian who was Rector at Hancheu suffered very much but some Men of Note especially one Tauli pleading for the Fathers the Storm was somewhat appeased But it broke out more furious at the Instigation of a Witch who there being a great Dearth said the Goddess Quonhin would not give Rain whilst the Fathers were there and F. Nicholas was threatned with Death who desirous to suffer Martyrdom ran to the Place where they were threatning him He finding those People disputing about the Rain told them how vain it was to expect it from any but the God he preached and immediately there fell such abundance as refreshed the Fields and quenched their Thirst after his Blood so that House for that time was restored to its former quiet Let this for the present suffice touching the Conversion of China till we have occasion to speak of it again The End of the First Part. THE PORTUGUES ASIA TOM III. PART II. CHAP. I. The Government of the Viceroy D. Francis de Gama Count de Vidigueyra from the Year 1597 till 1600. DON Francis de Gama Count de Vidigueyra arrived at Goa in May having set out from Lisbon the Year before with five Sail whereof only his Ship Winter'd at Mombaçá He carried himself from the beginning with such State that he gained the general ill Will of all Men notwithstanding in other things he endeavoured to oblige 2. He disposed of all Places in the gift of the Viceroys to his own Creatures who sold them to underserving Persons whereby those who had merited them by their Service were put by their Right Yet afterwards hearing the just Complaints made against this unjust Proceeding he caused the Buyers to be refunded and gave those Places to Men of more worth 3. Manasinza the great Mogol's Favourite marched to subdue the Patanes who were in Rebellion because Catula King of Orixa having plunder'd and profaned a famous Pagod they unexpectedly fell upon him and killed his Son with 2000 Men. Manafinza had with him 35000 Horse 80000 Foot many Elephants with Castles and great quantity of all other warlike Engines At the City Iassalor all the Inhabitants to the number 6000 fell furiously upon the Enemy resolving to die and ordering as soon as they were cut off their Goods Wives and Children should be burnt that the Enemy might not possess their Riches or dishonour their Families They did great Execution at the first onset but were all cut to pieces and there being no time to put in execution their design Manasinza entred Iassalor plundering the Riches and ravishing Women which struck such a Terror into the rest of the Patanes they all submitted themselves Then marching towards the King of Orixa and he not daring to stand a Battel freely offered Subjection 4. In Ceylon the Tyrant D. Iohn King of Candea taking the advantage of time when our General D. Hierome de Azevedo had dispersed his Men to refresh them caus'd the King of Uva and the Princes of Dinavaca to join and take the Field with 4000 Men many Musketeers and armed Elephants With this force they marched towards our Fort of Corvite six Leagues from Ceitavaca where Salvador Pereyra de Silva commanded with 100 Men. Silva by the General 's order chose some of his Men and marched one Night with such a secrecy four Leagues to the Place where the Enemy was Encamped that they sooner felt than heard him killing many of their Men before they could handle their Arms. The Confusion was such they presently fled he pursued them slew above 1000 and carried away some Prisoners Elephants and other Booty 5. In the Summer D. Iohn takes the Field again with the King of Uva and Simon Correa who being in Rebellion called himself King of Ceitavaca He thought to draw our General D. Hierome out of his Works by attacking our Quarters at Mature where D. Ferdinand the Modeliar commanded D. Ferdinand understanding the Enemy was near thought to have performed such another fortunate piece of Service as Salvador Pereyra had done but his Companion Simon Pincham prevented him and after a desperate Fight in which he was almost lost obtained a Victory equal to that of Pereyra and falling upon the Rebels in their Works killed most of them so that the Flower of Candea fell this Day 6. At the end of May died at Columbo the lawful King of the whole Island of Ceylon D. Iohn Parea Pandar a Catholick and without Heirs King Philip was with the usual Solemnity immediately Proclaimed King of the whole Island and the Oath of Fidelity to him taken by all the Principal Men as being appointed Heir by the last Will of the Deceased 7. About this time came first into India the Scourge of the Portugues Pride and Covetousness for in the Month of September News was brought to Goa that the two first Holland Ships which durst cut those Seas had been in the Port of Titangone and were bound for the Island Sunda The Viceroy having held a Council about this Affair it was resolved to fit out a Squadron of two Galleons three Gallies and nine other Vessels and the Command of it was given to Laurence de Brito an ancient and experienced Captain deserving of greater Commands 8. Three Ships arrived
some Crime upon him he was brought to a Trial but acquitted 18. About this time came to the City Meaco a Spanish Vessel commanded by D. Iohn de Samudio from Manila he raised a Fort in the Port of Pinal notwithstanding D. Paul de Portugal who commanded there opposed him He protested against this Proceeding and made use of Threats but all to no effect CHAP. III. Contiuues the Government of D. Francis de Gama Count de Vidigueyra 1. THE Hollanders in hatred to our new Prince and desirous to purchase the Spices of Asia at a cheaper rate resolved not to beg them any longer in Portugal and to this effect set out in the Year 1595 some Ships which were unsuccessful yet this did not deter them for in the Year 1597 they fitted out the first Squadron for this Voyage and reaped the benefit of it in 1599. This Squadron consisted of 8 Ships in which were 800 Men and Provisions for 3 Years Their Admiral was Iacob Cornelius Neque of Amsterdam they set sail from that Port on the 13th of May 1598. arrived at Madera on the 15th on the 17th at the Canaries where they took Wine on the 23d at the Islands of Cabo Verde on the 29th they were in the Latitude of 6 degrees and passed the Line on the 8th of Iune a wonderful swiftness and to me incredible 2. On the 24th of Iuly they saw the Cape of Good Hope where a violent Storm parted three of the Ships which arrived at the Island Banda the latter end of April The others on the 24th of August discovered the Island Madagascar and on the 30th Cape St. Iulian. On the 20th of September they came to the Island Cerne or Cisne in 21 degrees of Latitude and called it Mauricia Here they found Tortoises of such a magnitude that they carried two Men on their Backs and Birds they killed with Sticks which made them conclude it was not inhabited At Banda they joyned the other three Ships They loaded four which returned for Holland the others steered for the Moluces 3. On the 21st of Ianuary they discovered the great Iava and touched at the City Tuban and on the 27th at the Port of Madura an Island in 2 deg 30 min. of South Latitude There they endeavoured to Ransome some of their Country-men part cast away in their former Ships and part secured for offering false Money because the Natives demanded too great a Rate for them they attempted to rescue them by force In the fray two Boats full of Men they would rescue were sunk and at last they were forced to Ransome them At Amboina they settled Trade Two Ships returned to Banda erected a Factory and loading Spice arrived in Holland on the 20th of April 1600. Those that were left at Amboina went to Ternate were well received by the King and loading Clove returned home 4. D. Hierome de Azevedo in Ceylon raising a strong Fort at Manicravare to be the nearer to the Kingdom of Candea the Conquest whereof was his chief aim so perplexed the Usurper that he setting out several Bodies with the King of Uva to distract our General was in all places by him overthrown More had been done but that the Men mutinied for want and dispersed themselves throughout the Villages for sustenance Being refreshed they returned to their Duty and reduced all the Corlas to our Obedience D. Hierome cutting off many Heads as a Punishment to them and Terror to others The Year following he obtained another Victory on the Borders of Candea 5. D. Alexius de Meneses Archbishop of Goa was gone to visit the Christians called of St. Thomas who live dispersed about the Mountains of Malabar in Malia Turubuli Maota Batimena Diamper Pimienta Tetemute Porca Paru and Cartuti 6. Those Christians continued firm in the Faith till about the Year 750 though with some mixture of Errors About the Year 810 came thither the second Thomas mentioned at the end of the second Tome repaired the Temples erected by the first and restored the Doctrine Thus it continued almost 100 Years till about the Year 900 it was over-run with the Nestorian Heresie In the Year 890 came thither from Babylon two Caldeans called Mar Xarsio and Mar Prod who divided that District into two Bishopricks and were ever after prayed to as Saints till our Archbishop suspitious of them forbid it After them came Mar Ioanne sent by the Greek Patriarch who living at Cranganor introduced the Caldean Brevlary His Successor was Mar Iacob who died the Year 1500 and after him Mar Ioannatâ—… 7. Thus the Bishops and Heresies continued till the Year 1556 when Pope Paul the Fourth confirmed D. Iohn Bermâ—…z Patriarch of Ethiopia and Simon Sâ—…ca Bishop of Caâ—…emit the Metropolis of Mesopâ—…ia and Mar Elias and Mar Ioseph confirmed by the Pope the first as Patriarch of Mussal and the others in their Suffragan Bishopricks and ordered Ioseph who was Bishop of Ninice to go govern the Christians of Malabar and the Bishop D. Ambrose Mouteceli for his Coadjutor Thus the Patriarchal Seat was divided into two the one Orthodox at Mussal the Heretical at Antioch Ioseph and Ambrose passed over to the Mountains of Malabar where the latter would not follow the other and after reading Divinity at Goa died at Cochim in the Year 1557. D. George Temudo Bishop of that place perceiving Ioseph spread the Poison of Nestor caused him to be secured and brought in Chains to Portugal whence he returned to his Bishoprick upon promise of Amendment He found Mar Abraham in his Place being chosen in his absence by the Thomites Abraham being Persecuted went to Rome and promising to reduce that People to Truth got Pope Pius the Fourth his Breves as Prelate Neither of them performed what they had promised but continued in their Heresies 8. Then came Mar Simon saying He was sent by the Patriarch of Babylon to succeed in that Bishoprick The Queen of Pimienta received and placed him at Câ—…use where he exercised the Episcopal Power till being carried to Lisbon he went thence to Rome and was condemned by Pope Sixtus Quintus as not being so much as a Priest and a meer Nestorian Abraham died and his Archdeacon governed the Diocess no Babylonian Bishop daring to come there D. F. Alexius endeavouring to keep out such Heretical Prelates and that was the occasion of this his Visitation 9. This Prelate found that amidst their other Errors they denied the Virginity of our Blessed Lady rejected the Use of Images believed the Souls of the Just enjoyed not God till the General Judgment allowed but three Sacraments Baptism Order and the Eucharist used in stead of Confession a Perfuming in the Churches that their Consecration Wine was of Cocos that their Host was a Cake with Oyl and Salt that Priests were Ordained at 17 Years of Age and Married after Ordination that Fathers Sons and Grandsons administred Sacraments in the same Church that their Wives called Catotiaras or Cassaueras that is Priests
Wives wore a particular Mark to be known by that in Matrimony they used no other Formalities but the consent of Parties and the uniting the Couple by getting a Child that Women observed the time of the Old Law to be Churched that no Sacraments were administred gratis that Holy Water was made with Dust of Frankincense and some of the Earth where they believed St. Thomas had trod that they used Sorcery and Witchcraft and in fine that all was Error and Confusion 10. D. F. Alexius with great Labour and Toil convinced them of their Errors and reduced them to receive the true Doctrine Whole Towns were baptized and submited to the Roman See 11. He held a Provincial Synod at Diamper and all its Decrees were confirmed by the Pope and Francis Rodrigues a Jesuit who had assisted the Archbishop was made Bishop of that Diocess The Synod breaking up D. F. Alexius visited all those Churches 12. The Archbishop being in the Queen of Changanate's Country visiting the Church of Talavecare one of the ancientest in those Parts where they shewed him three Plates on which were ingraven the Priviledges and Revenues granted by the King of Ceylon when the Babylonians Xabro and Proâ—… built there met Topamuta Pandara King of Gundara Neighbouring on that place and presented him a Letter of King Philip in which he granted him the Title of Brother in regard he had allowed liberty for the Christian Religion in his Dominions 13. Towards the End of this Year arriv'd in India eight Ships from Portugal which brought the News of the Death of King Philip five of them being ready to Sail the Year before were detained because the Earl of Cumberland lay before the Mouth of Lisbon River with an English Squadron till the Season was spent One was lost on the Parcell de Zofala another at her return fought two Holland Ships near the Island St. Helena and worsted them 14. The Viceroy having dispatched the Homeward bound Ships and usual Squadrons began to think of carrying on the War against Cunnale There were Men enough but they wanted a Commander neither was such a one wanting but that the Envy of the Portugueses endeavoured to rob Andrew Furtado of that Glory or rather their Country of that Advantage 15. At length they were forced to comply and employ him to recover our lost Reputation for Cunnale Marcar proud of his late Success had added to his former as vain Titles calling himself Defender of Mahometanism and Expeller of the Portugueses Many Princes began to have an Eye upon his Success nevertheless D. Antony de Noronna who lay before the Port all Winter had perplexed him taking several Vessels laden with Provisions and killing above 100 of his Men that opposed him taking fresh Water 16. The Fleet Andrew Furtado was to Command consisted of 3 Gallies and 54 other Vessels By the way he diswaded the King of Banguel and Queen of Olala who designed to assist our Enemy from their Purpose and cut off the Relief five Ships of Meca were bringing to him 17. Our Commander being come to an Anchor in the Port of Cunnale set forward to treat with Zamori and he advanced to meet him on the Shore The King was naked from the Wast upwards about his middle a piece of Cloath of Gold that reached several times about him and hung down to his Knees fastned with a Girdle of the breadth of a Hand of an inestimable value his Arms cover'd to the Wrists with Gold Bracelets set with rich Stones the weight of this Treasure was so great that two Men supported his Arms about his Neck was an extraordinary rich Chain in his Ears hung so many Diamonds and Rubies as stretched them down with the weight his Age was about 30 Years his Presence very Majestick A little from his side came the Prince with his Sword naked held up behind him the Nobility and somewhat nearer F. Francis Rodriguez The King and Furtado embraced kindly and all the Cannon of the Fleet was fired Being come to the King's Tent they were seated and discoursed about the Affair in hand Furtado at taking his leave put a rich Collar about the King's Neck over the other and they parted very amicably 18. Zamori sent the Prince of Tanor and other great Men aboard the Admiral with full power to treat and conclude all things that were for the common Interest of both Parties This done there arrived from Goa and other Places one Galleon one Galley eleven Ships and twenty-one other Vessels with Ammunition and 790 Men. Furtado went himself to view the Enemies Works raised others Planted his Cannon and became absolute Master of the River He caused some Outworks to be attacked the Moors fled but Cunnale coming in Person to second them they made our Men give ground till Furtado landing came up with Sword in hand and renewed the Fight here he was in great danger but at length remained Victorious killing 600 Moors On our side were slain two Captains and nine Soldiers 19. Fort Blanco or the White Fort was next assaulted with greater Bravery than Success Here Captain Andrew Rodriguez Pallota loosing nine Teeth by a Musket Shot jesting said Doubtless the Moor knew I had no need of them Which he said in respect he was always so poor he wanted sustenance Cunnale being in distress bribed Zamori with great Presents to accept the Surrender upon Security of the Mens Lives Zamori was yielding and Furtado understanding it furiously assaults the Works the King perceiving it falls on on the other side with 6000 Nayres The Works were entred and the lower Town plundred and burnt Batteries were raised against the upper Town and Fort and doing great Execution reduced the Defendants to despair 20 In fine Cunnale Surrendred upon no Condition but Life and marched out with a black Veil on his Head carrying his Sword with the point down which he delivered to Zamori and he to our General Cunnale was about 50 Years of Age of a low Stature but well shaped and strong He and his Nephew Cinale and 40 Moors of Note were sent Prisoners aboard the Fleet and well treated Furtado dealt generously with Zamori for it being one of the Articles of Agreement that the spoil should be equally divided he said it was to be understood only in relation to Artillery and appeased the Soldiers who expected that Reward of their Labour The Fort and all other Works being levelled with the Ground Furtado returned to Goa 21. As soon as some of the Prisoners were set ashore they were torn to pieces by the Rabble How can they who are guilty of such Inhumanities call the much more honourable Indians Barbarians Cunnale and his Nephew Cinale were both publickly beheaded without any regard that they had articled for Life So did that Government and Rabble go hand in hand in Murder and breach of Faith CHAP. IV. The remarkable Revolutions of Pegu during the Government of D. Francis de Gama Count de
Vidigueyra 1. THE Kingdom of Pegu before not very considerable was raised to be one of the greatest Empires in Asia by the King of Uva and Brama assisted by 1000 Portugueses under the Command of Antony Ferreyra de Braganca who served him as his natural Prince The Kingdom of Pegu properly so called borders on that of Arracam the Countries of the Brama's and Iungoma's on the West is bounded by they Sea of Bengala from the City Rei to that of Sidoa distant 90 Leagues from each other the breadth of the Kingdom is about the same and its true Name is Bagou 2. It is about 1000 Years since this Kingdom was first erected by a Seaman who was the first King then his Son who lived 80 Years next the Grandson called Tam these and all their Successors added to their Name the Title of Banna Caél Uca Talanna Inda Darar Mampla Ximindo the last who died the Year 1640 as was before related when Branginoco so far inlarged it by his Conquests that it extended to China and Tartary and was Sovereign of Twenty-four great Kingdoms beside Eighty Princes not inferior to Kings Thus it became the powerfullest Monarchy in Asia except that of China 3. This King for the Conquest of Martavam thirty Leagues distant from Pegu gathered 700000 Men and 1700 Ships The Siege lasted six Months in which died 160000 Men. The City being taken and the King killed 140000 Houses were burnt besides 1600 Temples in which were taken 60000 Idols most of Gold and precious Stones there were also taken 3000 Elephants 6000 Cannon and innumerable Prisoners The King's share of the Spoil was above 100 Millions of Gold 4. For the Conquest of Siam he led a greater Force possessed himself of the Kingdom and took the King and his two Sons called by reason of their different colour one the Black the other the White He was content to leave that King in Possession of the Crown as his Vassal having himself been till then his Subject carrying away his two Sons as Hostages 5. Branginoco returning Victorious to Pegu entred the City in Triumph many Waggons going before loaded with Idols and inestimable Booty He came at last in a Chariot with the conquered Queens loaden with Jewels at his Feet and drawn by the Captive Princes and Lords before him marched Two thousand Elephants richly adorned and after him his victorious Troops He built a Palace as big as an ordinary City The least part of its Beauty was rich Painting and Gilding for the Roofs of some Apartments were covered with Plates of solid Gold Some Rooms were set with Statues of Kings and Queens of massy Gold set with rich Stones as big as the Life He was carried on a Litter of Gold upon many Mens Shoulders the Reverence paid him was more like a God than a Prince 6. After some time the two Brothers asked leave of the King to go visit their Father which he granted and afterwards sending to demand the usual Tribute the black Prince refused to pay it The King in a Rage sends his great Favourite Banna with a powerful Army against him Banna ravaged the Country of Siam and Besieges the Prince in Hudixa who defended it so bravely that Banna being forced to draw off he fell upon and totally defeated him The King sends his Brother-in-Law with a greater Power and he receives a greater overthrow 200000 of his Men were cut in pieces with a great number of Elephants and Horses many more of both taken The black Prince remained Victorious his Men were enriched and all encouraged to follow their good Fortune 7. The King of Pegu raises another Army of 1700000 Men 1500 Elephants 80000 Horse and all Necessaries proportionable the Command of it he gave to Mapa Raja his Son with the Title of King of Siam not doubting of the Victory At the News of this Power all Siam trembled except the valiant Black now King who met his Enemy and gave him Battel The two Kings encountring on their Elephants fought and he of Pegu was cast dead off his Elephant at which sight his Men fled and the Siamites pursued them a Month destroying the greatest part of that vast Army 8. The King of Pegu in a Rage for the Death of his Son turned his Fury against the People and some days burnt above Ten Thousand throwing so many into thè River Ganga as stopped the Passage even of Boats He forbid them sowing which caused such a a Famine that they not only eat one another to which purpose there was a publick Butchery of Man's Flesh but devoured part of their own Bodies For want of Fuel they made fire of human Bones having first taken off the Flesh to eat It is wonderful all this Tyranny never obliged that People to rebel A good Example given by Heathens to those more barbarous Christians who dare fly in the Face of just Princes without the least shadow of Oppression 9. This was followed by a Pestilence that depopulated all the Kingdom The neighbouring Princes taking this advantage fell upon the King of Pegu covetous of his Treasures Among them was the Black of Siam who retired with the loss 100000 Men. The King of Tangu was he that possessed himself of all he promised Life Liberty and Estates to all that would come over to him The first that deserted were the Portugueses and Moors for some Portugueses are like Moors in Matters of Interest After them followed a Bastard Son of the King whose Head was cut off by Order of the King of Pegu's Sister Wife to him of Tangu saying That he who was false to his Father could not be true to her She said and did well but who will punish her for treating her Brother barbarously when taken 10. He in despair delivers himself up to the King of Tangu who being possessed of the City and Palace found such Treasure that he made no account of Silver and other Metals and Riches It is avouched for truth that he could not remove all the Jewels and Gold in twelve Caravans each consisting of Seven hundred Elephants and Horses The News of this Treasure drew thither the King of Arracam who contenting himself with what he of Tangu undervalued gathered above Three Millions and a great Train of large Cannon The King of Tangu presented him of Pegu to his Sister and she who having killed his Son for betraying him it was thought would comfort used him Reproachfully and afterwards seeing the King her Husband inclined to Mercy caused him to be beaten to Death 11. The King of Tangu in whose House he of Pegu was Murdered by his own Sister was his Creature and Son to a Carter So that Kingdom had its beginning in a Seaman or Waterman and ended in a Carter both Employs of the same Nature one by Land and the other by Water 12. This Year came into India from the remote Mountains of Scythia or Tartary the Prince Baxan Fourth Grandson of Tamerlain the Great was by the Augustin
gave them the Port of Siriam at the mouth of the River of the same Name that runs within a League of Bagou the Court of the Kings of Pegu. This Grant was obtained of the King for the Portugueses by Philip de Brito Nicote who most ingratefully proved false to that Prince that had raised him from a vile Collier to his Favour and Esteem The manner was thus 9. Xilimixa confiding in Nicote was by him perswaded to erect a Custom-house at the mouth of that River for the encrease of his Revenue and his design was to seize upon it and build a Fort there to give footing to the Portugueses for the Conquest of that Kingdom The King who suspected not the Design having finished the Work put it into the Hands of one Bannadala who fortified himself and suffered no Portugues to enter there except F. Belchior de la Luz a Dominican Nicote seeing that Design fail resolved to carry it on by other means before the Works were too far advanced 10. He had with him three Portugues Officers viz. Iohn de Oliva Paul del Rego and Salvador Ribeyro with 50 Men these he order'd to surprise the Fort and turn out Bannadala not doubting but his great Credit with Xilimixa would bear him out in it 11. The three Captains so well performed Nicote's Orders that they gained the Name of Founders of the Portugues Dominion in that Kingdom and Ribeyro was like to carry the whole Fame of this Action some affirming he was the real Author of it 12. Bannadala who foresaw the Designs of the Portugueses contrived to expel them thence at the same time that Riberio thought to surprise him Banadala provided many flaming Carts guarded by 600 Men which advancing by night took such effect that the Portugueses were obliged to quit their Factory but flying thence attacked Bannadala's â—…ort with such fury that having left many Men he was glad to retire to an Island not far distant where he fortified himself gathering 1000 Men and securing the Treasure of the Pagod of Digan to maintain them The King being informed hereof was much offended and resolved to relieve Banadala but was dissuaded by the false Nicote who put him in mind he favoured a Sacrilegious Robber and offered to compose Matters with the Portugueses He went thither and ordered Things to his own mind so that the Work still advanced under the Portugueses 13. Nicote seeing the Fort in a good posture went to Coa in order to deliver it up to the Viceroy and thence facilitate the Conquest of his Master's Kingdom perswading him at the same time his Journey was to bring Succours wherewith he might become Emperour of all Bengala He perswaded every one of the Neighbouring Princes If he would joyn with the Viceroy he might easily be King of Pegu. Some of them sent Embassadors to this effect along with him Scarce was Nicote gone when the King being sensible of his oversight sent down the River a Fleet with 6000 Men under the command of Banadala 14. Coming down towards the Fort they were met by 3 Vessels with only 30 Portugueses commanded by Salvador Ribeyro who in a little time without losing one Man killed many took 40 Ships and put the rest to flight The King joyning him of Pram beset the place with 1200 Sail by Water and 40000 Men by Land Ribeyro understanding they observed no Order boldly fell upon them with his handful of Men and killing the General put that whole Army to the rout 15. Bannadala gathering 8000 Foot of this scattered Army sate down the third time before the Fort lodging his Men in good order and furiously battering the Place till in the dead of night he ventured to give a fierce Assault Our Men bravely opposing killed above 1000 which were seen the next morning to fill up the Ditch 16. The Enemy continued the Siege eight months Some of our Men deserted yet Ribeyro was no way dismayed but encouraged those that had stayed with him and to take from them all hope of Escape burnt the Vessels that were in the Port. The Viceroy Ayres de Saldanna hearing of these Proceedings sent considerable Succours and many covetous of Honour or Profit voluntarily resorted thither so that the Commander finding himself 800 strong resolved to attack the Enemy in his Works He put this Design in execution with much Conduct and Bravery and was received with no less till at length Banadala was forced to fly 3 Leagues without looking back and then stood to see all the Works he had raised in a Year burnt The Portugueses thinking this Success had secured their Affairs in Pegu dispersed every Man to make his own advantage so that there remained with the Captains only 200 that had been sent by the Viceroy 17. The Enemy returns the fourth time with many moving Castles and several sorts of Fireworks The Fort was reduced to a dangerous condition when a fiery Meteor so frighted the Besiegers that they fled leaving their Castles behind which were soon fired by our Men. Lastly the Victory we obtained over King Massinga in the Province of Camelan killing him and doing great harm both by Sea and Land produced the Security we so much sought after For those People finding us not only Victorious but Courteous followed us so that in few days we had above 20000 of them These Men considering the Success of Philip de Brito Nicote and his natural good Temper which occasioned their calling him Changa that is Good Man proclaimed him King of Pegu. Salvador Ribeyro accepted of the Crown in his Name he being then absent and this perhaps might be the cause it was thought in Spain it was he that was proclaimed 18. Nicote afterwards received the Kingdom in the Name of his Prince as a Loyal Subject and was the first of our Men that rose to that pitch of Fortune in Asia Roderick Alvarez de Sequeyra succeeded him in the Command of the Fort who bravely defended it till it accidentally took fire and only the bare Walls of it were left standing 19. Mean while Nicote sollicited for Succours to carry thither which were not hard to be obtained for the Viceroy seeing his great Riches and the prospect he had of more married him to a Niece he had born in Goa of a Iava-Woman and for her sake could deny him nothing He gave him the Title of Commander of Siriam and General of the Conquest of Pegu and Succours in 6 Ships Being come to Siriam he repaired the Fort built a Church and sent a rich Present to the King of Arracam who had sent to compliment him upon his arrival 20. He ordered the Affairs of the Custom-house according to the Viceroy's Instructions obliging all Vessels that traded on the Coast of Pegu to make their Entries there Some of the Coast of Coromandel refused to obey against them he sent D. Francis de Moura with 6 Sail who discharged himself well and took on the Coast of Tanazarim 2 Ships of
Achem richly laden The King of Arracam to the intent to possess himself of that Custom-house resolved to joyn with the King of Tangu and sent an Embassador to him with 20 Ialias or small Ships Nicote understanding it caused Bartholomew Ferreyra Captain of our small Craft to fall upon them who put them to flight so that they were sorced to make their escape to the King of Iangona's Country The Enemy thus exasperated gathered 700 small Vessels with 4000 Men under the command of the Prince his Son with whom were Ximicolia and Marquetam Sons to the then Emperor of Pegu. 21. Paul del â—…ego Pinnero set out to meet them with the Boats and 7 Ships and having taken 10 Boats that were advanced before the rest returned to secure them and set out again but observing the Enemy was too strong for him went in to gather more Force Being reinforced he meets the Prince routs him and takes several Vessels The Prince thinking to save himself by running up a River got into a small Creek where Pinnero took all the rest of his Vessels obliging him to escape by Land having lost One Thousand of his Men. Then he took the Fort of Chinim and in it many Prisoners among which was the Wife of Bâ—…unadala 22. Nicote was now abroad with Fourteen small Vessels in which were Sixty Portugueses and Two hundred Pegues he run up a River and hearing the Prince was on the Shore with Four thousand Men Nine Hundred of them Musqueteers he attacks him Ximitoto a valiant Pegu attempted to take the Prince and being himself hurt wounded the Prince in the Face which occasioned his being made Prisoner and gained us the Victory Two Thousand Men of the King of Pram came to the Prince's assistance as he was taken and were also defeated The Pegues seeing their Prince carried away to Captivity would all have gone with him striving to get into our Vessels Such as could not remained on the Shore cursing their hard Fortune that would not permit them to follow him a Prisoner as they had done in Liberty Christians may here learn the Duty they owe to their Princes 23. Nicote may also be a President to all Men how to use their Victories for he not forgetting he had been a Slave to the Prince now his Prisoner served him with the same respect now as he had done then He watched him sleeping holding his Buskins in his Hands with Arms across a Ceremony used by the meanest with their Kings in those Parts and himself attended him upon all Occasions This generosity may well equal him with great Men and purchased him together with other the like Proceedings the Name of Changa which as was before said signifies Good Man 24. But now ends the Government of Ayres de Saldanna by the arrival at Goa of Martin Alfonso de Castro who came to succeed him with the same Title of Viceroy He set out from Lisbon with five Ships whereof one was forced in again About the end of the same Year there sailed thence two Caravels 25. Ayres de Saldanna seems to have had more natural Goodness than Inclination to War for in his time nothing of this sort was set on Foot He was one of those few Viceroys and Governors who are believed not to have wronged the King On his re-return home he died in the Latitude of the Islands and the Ship that brought him was lost at the mouth of Lisbon River He was tall and somewhat corpulent of a tawny Complexion of Viceroys the 18th of Governors the 36th and First of the Name and Sirname 26. I have purposely reserved for the end of this Government the Discovery of Grand Cathay for which we are beholding to F. Nicholas Pimenta Visitor-General of the Jesuits in Asia He chose for this employ B. Benedict Goes a Man well versed in several Languages and particularly the Persian which was the most important for that Design B. Goes cloathed himself in the Habit of an Armenian Christian Merchant and after their manner took the Name of Abdula Isai which signifies Christian Lord. He set out from the Mogol's Court with that Prince's Favour and Merchandize In his Company went two Greeks well skilled in the manner of Travelling and were Leo Grimanus a Priest and Demetrius a Merchant These had four Mahometan Servants who were afterwards Christians which they left at Laor one of the Mogol's Courts as useless and took in their stead Isaac an Armenian who had a Wife and Children there and was there faithful Companion From Laor they set out on the 6th of Ianuary 1603. 27. With great Labour and Hardships they passed through the Cities Abec Passaur Caferstan Guideli and Cabuo Here they were forced to stay 8 Months and meeting a Sister of Hamet Can King of Cascar that was going a Pilgrimage to Meca and was taking up Money at Interest B. Benedict considering it would oblige that Princess and her Brother through whose Dominions he was to pass lent her 600 Ducats without Interest which afterwards stood him in good stead The Priest Grimanus spent with Labour turned back from Cabul The Caravan set forward and passed the Dominions of the Mogol's in sight of the Cities Characar and Parvam 28. They passed the high Mountains of Aingaran and entring Chalca saw a fair People like the Germans then went through Gialalâ—…bat Thalham Quenam Badaxaâ—… Carebumar Serpanil Sarchunar Tanguetar Iaconich in which Journey almost two years were spent with great Toils and Dangers Hence they Travelled to Hiarcan the Court of the King of Cascar and Place of great Trade They stayed a Year for another Carravan and then set out much favoured by the King for the Kingdom of Chalis The Son of the Pilgrim Lady they lent the Money to at Cabul was very serviceable to them and they were repaid in precious Jaspar-stone the richest Merchandize in that Country In their way they passed through these Towns Iolchi Hanchalix Alchegret Hagabareth Cambaxi Aconferset Chiacor and Acfu Acfu is a Town belonging to the King of Cascar where a Grandson of his only ten Years of Age then governed who favoured Goes the time he was obliged to stay there 29. B. Benedict and Isaac setting forward again for Demetrius stayed behind at Hiarcam and passing the famous Desert Caracatay that is The black Land of Catay and these Towns Oitograck Gazo Canani Delai Saraguebedal Ugan and Cucha they came to the City Chalis where a Son of the King of Cascar governed and where they were in great danger and stayed 3 months Here came in the Caravan from Cathay by whom our Discoverer heard of F. Matthew Rivius then residing at Peking and found that China and Cathay were the same Country and only the Names differed Goes joyful of this Discovery resolved to proceed On his way he passed through these Towns Puchan Turfan Arumuth Camul and Quiacioâ—… whence may be seen that famous Wall that parts China and Tartary and came to Sucheu where hearing much of
the Name 20th Viceroy and 39th Governour for the Patent not the Possession make a Man so 3. But since this Viceroy has not afforded Matter for a Chapter let us make it up with one of the greatest Prodigies of the Portugues Fortune that Asia produced Three Years she was big with this Monster from 1605 till 1608. We shall see another Iames Suarez de Melo and another Philip de Brito Nicate famous for their incredible Rise and Insolence This was Sebastian Gonzalez Tibao a Man of obscure Extraction as born in the Village of St. Antony del Tojal near Lisbon a Place never yet produced any worth Note either for Parentage or worthy Actions In the Year 1605 he imbarqued for India went over to Bengala listed himself a Soldier and then fell to dealing in Salt which is a great Merchandise there By this Trade he soon gained as much as purchased a Ialia that is a sort of small Vessel In this Vessel he went with Salt to Dianga a great Port of the King of Arracam at such time as that King slew 600 Portugueses who resided there and suspected nothing less living quietly as good Subjects under his Protection The Motive of this Cruelty was That Philip de Brito Nicote being possessed of Siriam thought it would be for his Advantage to gain Dianga He fitted out some Vessels and sent in them his Son as Embassador to beg that Port of the King Some Portugueses perswaded the King Nicote's design in getting that Port was to deprive him of his Kingdom He orders the Son with his Officers to come to Court and there murders them the same was done in their Vessels and afterwards that Fury fell upon all the Inhabitants of Dianga This was in the beginning of the Year 1607. Some few escaped into the Woods and 9 or 10 Vessels got to Sea whereof one was that of Sebastian Gonzales 4. Emanuel de Mattos Commander of Bandel of Dianga who died not long before had been Lord of Sundiva an Island 70 Leagues in compass Fatecan a resolute Moor whom he had intrusted with the Island in his absence hearing of his Death makes himself Master of it and the more to secure himself murders all the Portugueses that were in it with their Wives and Children and such of the Natives as were Christians Then he gathered Moors and Patans to his assistance fitted out a Fleet of 40 Sail and plentifully maintained this Charge with the Revenue of the Island which is great Sebastian Gonzalez and his Companions with those 9 or 10 Vessels that escaped at Dianga having no Head to govern them lived by robbing in the Country of Arracam carrying their Booty to the King of Bacala's Ports who was our Friend Fatecan understanding they plyed thereabouts went out to seek them with such assurance of Success that he had this Inscription upon his Colours Fatecan by the Grace of GOD Lord of Sundiva shedder of Christian Blood and destroyer of the Portugues Nation 6. One evening he thought to surprize them and had effected it but that they quarrelling about dividing some Spoil they had taken this falling out proved their Preservation For Sebastian Pinto upon that account leaving them in a River of the Island Xavaspur met Fatecan's Fleet and gave them notice They ingaged and fought desperately all night the morning discovered 80 Portugueses victorious over 600 Moors and Patanes and 10 Vessels over 40. Not one Sail got off nor a Man escaped being killed or taken among the Dead was Fatecan Had they been under a Commander that knew how to make use of the Victory the Island must then have been their own This obliged them to choose a Head and they pitched upon Stephen Palmeyro a Man of Years Experience and Discretion He gave Proof hereof by refusing notwithstanding their repeated Instances to Command such wicked People However they desired him to appoint one and they would punctually obey him He named Sebastian Gonzales Tibao 6. As soon as the Commander was named they resolved to gain Sundiva More Portugueses were gathered from Bengala and other Neighbouring Ports Tibao articled with the King of Bacala That he would give him half the Revenue of the Island if he assisted him to conquer it The King sent some Ships and 200 Horse In March 1609 he had above 40 Sail and 400 Portugueses The Island having had time to provide for its Defence was full of Resolute Men. A great number of Moors commanded by Fâ—…tecan's Brother received them at Landing but were forced to retire into a Fort. The Portugueses besiege it and lying long before it were in danger of perishing not being able to come at the Provisions and Ammunition that were aboard their Vessels Gaspar de Pina a Spaniard delivered them from this Danger for he coming with his Ship to that Port and resolving to assist them landed 50 Men he was Captain of and marching by night with many Lights and great Noise made the Enemy believe he brought great Succour As soon as he came up the Fort was assaulted entred and all within that had life put to the Sword The Natives of the Island who before had been subject to the Portugueses presently submitted themselves to Sebastian Gonzales He received them upon condition they should deliver up to him all the Strangers that were in the Island They brought him above 1000 Moors and as they came he cut off their Heads about as many more were killed in the Fort. Thus Sebastian Gonzales became absolute Master of the Island and was obeyed by the Natives and Portugueses as an absolute Lord independent of any Prince and his Orders had the force of Laws 7. To recompence the chief Portugueses who had served him he gave them Lands in the Island and then repenting took them away In stead of giving the King of Bacala half the Revenue of the Island as had been agreed he made War upon him As he grew Great so he grew Insolent and Ungrateful and had now at Command 1000 Portugueses 2000 Natives well Armed 200 Horse and above 80 Sail with good Cannon Many Merchants traded thither and he erected a Custom-house The Neighbouring Kings surprized at his prodigious Success sought his Friendship From the King of Batecala to whom he owed so great Favours he took the Islands of Xavapur and Patelabauga and other Lands from others so that on a sudden he was possessed of vast Riches equal with many Princes and sovereign of many brave Men. But these Monsters are like Comets that last little and threaten lasting Ruin They are like Lightning that no sooner gives the flash but it is gone Let us proceed and we shall see this verified 8. Such was the fortune of Sebastian Gonzales in Sundiva when there happened a Difference between the Prince of Arracam and his Brother Anaporam the Occasion was that the latter refused to give the other an Elephant to which all other Elephants of that Country were said to allow a sort of Superiority and
durst not appear before him The Prince seeing he could not prevail by Intreaties nor Threats raises a great Army and deprives his Brother both of his Kingdom and that so much coveted Beast Anaporam fled to Sebastian Gonzales for Succour who demanded his Sister as a Hostage Then he sets out to fight the Conqueror but to no purpose for he had too great a Power to wit 80000 Men and 700 fighting Elephants King Anaporam returned with Sebastian Gonzales to Sundiva bringing over his Wife Family Treasure and Elephants Thus he remained as a Subject to Sebastian Gonzales who Baptizing his Sister married her and though so vile a Wretch pretended he did that Prince a great favour Soon after the Prince dies not without suspition of Poison for Sebastian Gonzales seized upon all his Treasure Elephants and Goods without any consideration of his Wife and Son To stop the mouths of the People he would have married the Queen to his Brother Antony Tibaâ—… Admiral of his Fleet but could not compass it for she could never be prevailed upon to become a Christian. 9. Sebastian waged War upon the King of Arracam with good success An Instance hereof may be that his Brother Antony with only 5 Sail took 100 of that King 's This moved the King to conclude a Peace with him and thereby recovered his Sister-in-Law and Brother's Widow whom he married to the King of Chatigam At this time the Mogol undertook the Conquest of the Kingdom of Balua and Sebastian considering it might prove of dangerous consequence that Kingdom lying opposite to him he makes a League with the King of Arracam for the defence of that Country The League concluded the King takes the Field with 80000 Men most of them Musketiers 10000 Pegues that fought with Sword and Buckler and 700 Elephants loaded with Castles and Armed Men. He put to Sea above 200 Sail carrying 4000 Men which were to joyn Sebastian Gonzales his Fleet and to be under his Command The agreement was That Sebastian should hinder the Mogol from passing to the Kingdom of Balua till the King of Arracam could march thither with his Army and that the Mogol being expelled half the Kingdom of Balua should be given to Sebastian who gave the King as Hostages for his Fleet a Nephew of his own and the Sons of some Portugueses Inhabitants of Sundiva 10. The King of Arracam entring the Kingdom of Balua with his Army expelled the Mogols It was thought that Sebastian overcome with Bribes had given them free passage which according to the Agreement with the King of Arracam he was to obstruct Others say He did it to revenge the Death of the Portugueses slain by that King in Banguel of Dianga Be it as it will he was guilty of an execrable Treachery for leaving the mouth of the River Daâ—…gatiar he gave them free Passage He enters a Creek of the Island Desierta with his Fleet and calling all the King of Arracam's Captains aboard his Ship murders them then falling upon the Ships killed or made Slaves of all the Men. Having committed this infamous Action and secured that Fleet he returned to Sundiva Mean while the Mogols coming down again with a greater Power entred the Kingdom of Balua and reduced the King of Arracam to such distress that with much difficulty he escaped by the help of an Elephant and came almost alone to the Fort of Chatigam 11. Sebastian Gonzales understanding the Slaughter the Mogols had made of the Arracam Army and that they were possess'd of the Kingdom of Balua he sets out with his Fleet plundering and destroying with Fire and Sword all the Forts of Arracam that lie along the Coast and were then unprovided and confiding in the Peace that was between them He had the Impudence to go up to Arracam where as the Matter was more so was the Destruction there were burnt many Merchant Ships of several Nations The King was highly concerned at these Losses though not so much at those occasioned by the Mogol as those he sustained by this Portugueses as being all the effects of Treachery but above all he resented the loss of a Ship which he kept in that Port for to take his Pleasure It was of a vast Bigness and wonderful Workmanship with several Apartments like a Palace all covered with Gold and Ivory and yet the curiosity of the Work surpassed all the rest 12. The King seeing the Insolence and Falshood of Sebastian Gonzales and that he did not or would not remember his Nephew was in his Power as a Hostage he resolved to put him in mind and causing a Stake to be run through him made him be set up on a high place below the Port of Arracam that his Uncle as he went out might see him But he who had no Honour valued not at whose Cost he advanced his own Interest Nevertheless the guilt of so many Villanies began to touch his Conscience and being come to Sundiva he began to apprehend some heavy Punishment would fall upon him which he had little means to aâ—…ert for all Men looked upon him as a Traytor unworthy of any Favour The Arracams because he betrayed them to the Mogol and the Mogols because he was so false to those that trusted him But what he did not expect from those we call Barbarians he shall obtain of the Portugues Government in India which shall assist him and both he and they that Relieve him shall receive their just Reward as will appear under the Government of D. Hierome de Azevedo CHAP. IX Of the Governour Andrew Furtado de Mendoça in the Year 1609. 1. MOst Men appear fit for publick Employments before they have them and afterwards wholly incapable of them It was not so with Andrew Furtado for every body esteemed him fitter to Govern when he was placed in that Power than they had done before and yet there was none before but wished to see him in that Post. The Arts by which he gained this Esteem were Valour Generosity Liberality and Affability And being now advanced to this Command he confirmed the good Opinion the World had conceived of him by being courteous to his Inferiors and not lifting himself above those who had been his Equals 2. When a private Captain he dressed costly now being Governor plainer than a private Captain The Work-houses were his Rooms of State the Shore his Garden His thoughts were full of great Undertakings but considering how small a Bank there was for such Designs he gathered the Council of Goa the Chief Gentry and richest Men of that City Being assembled he made a Speech representing the great Progress the Hollanders had made in India and exhorting them with their Persons and Purses to be assisting to expel them 3. They all assured him there should be nothing he could propose but they would forward to the utmost of their power This was soon made good for within two months and a half he had a great Fleet well manned and provided All
to flight Francis Tavares who carried Lope Sarmiento's Colours stripped and wrapped them about his Arm charging the Enemies with the Spear till being thrown down he lay upon the Colours so that they could not be taken from him but the Portugueses coming into his assistance he rose and tho' the Blood run from him fell in again among the Moors 17. During all this time the Moors shewed such respect to the Christian Churches as may well confound Christians themselves The Portugueses made use of two Churches dedicated to our B. Lady putting 50 Men into each and tho' thence they annoyed the Enemy yet the Moors never made one shot at them because some of them had there recovered their Health making Vows which they punctually paid CHAP. II. Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo in the Year 1613. 1. IT was the fate of the Fort of Mombaça to have insolent Commanders Emanuel de Melo Pereyra herein exceeded many of his Predecessors treating the King Sultan Hazen with unexpressible disrespect The chief Promoter of the Disagreement betwixt Melo and the King was his Unkle Munganaje an old Man who pretending much Zeal for our Affairs aimed at the Crown He vented his Malice one day by giving out in the Fort the King designed to kill them all 2. Melo resolved to attack the King's House but he being sensible how fruitless any excuses would be fled with the Christian Colours to the Town Quolifi of the Cafres seven Leagues distant That People pressed him to reinthrone himself by force but he several times withstood their Importunities 3. At length not able to prevail upon him they marched without him and entred the Town of the Moors but they were all retir'd into our Fort. The Cafres not thinking good to assault the Fort were upon their return when Emanuel de Melo who observed them pursuing and falling suddenly on them cut off the best Part. A few days after the King returned to his House and having excused himself to our Commander thought he was satisfied but he only dissembled his Malice as shall appear hereafter 4. Our Fortune in Pegn now declined with the same swiftness it had rise and it was just a wicked encrease should have a sudden detriment The violence committed by Philip de Brito Nicote on the King of Tangn provoked the Anger of the King of Ova under whose Protection he was Scarce had he heard the News when casting on the Ground his Gown and Veil he vowed to the Idol Biay of Degu he would not enter within his Gates till this Quarrel was revenged He marched with 120000 Men having put to Sea 400 Vessels of considerable strength in which were above 6000 of those Moors of noted Valour called de Caperuça or that wear Caps All that was without the Walls of Siriam he burnt but met with vigorous opposition at that Place notwithstanding Nicote was quite unprovided having suffered most of his Men to go for India and being scarce of Powder as who had fired the vast quantity of it found at Tangu In this distress he sent a Soldier to buy Powder at Bengala and he run away with the Money and having sent for some to the Town of St. Thomas they sent him none Besides those few Portugueses that were with him committed such Outrages Robberies and Murders as seemed to hasten his Ruine 5. For want of Powder there was no firing of Cannon they poured boiling Pitch and Oil upon the Enemy His number of Men might suffice having 100 Portugueses and 3000 Pegues Nicote sends out three Ships against the Fleet in one of them all the Men were slain the two retired with all theirs wounded The Enemy began to undermine the Works and the Besieged laboured much but to small purpose After the Siege had lasted 34 Days Nicote sent to beg Mercy but was not heard He thought to prevail by the means of the King of Tangu whom he had robbed of his Crown Riches and Liberty but the King of Ova understood and was resolved to punish him 6. The King of Arraçam whom he had so grievously offended sent 50 Sail to his Assistance which were all taken by the Besiegers The King of Ova gives an assault and they fought three days without intermission the end of it was that 700 of the Besieged were slain one Banna whom Nicote had always honoured having betrayed him Nicote was taken carried to the King and by him ordered to be impaled and set up in an Eminence above the Fort that he might the better look to it as the King said He lived two Days in that misery His Wife De Luisa de Saldanna was kept 3 Days in the River to be cleansed because the King designed her for himself but being brought before and exclaiming against him he ordered her Leg to be bored and that she should be sent to Ova among the other Slaves 7. Francis-Mendez and a Nephew of his were treated as Nicote Banna demanding a Reward was soon torn to pieces the King saying He could never be true to him that betrayed the Man who so much had honoured him Sebastian Rodriguez was cooped up with a Yoke about his Neck At first the King designed not to spare any of the Inhabitants of that Place but growing calm he sent many Slaves to Ova Then passing by Martavam he obliged that King to kill his own Daughter's Husband because he was Nicote's Son that none of the Race might remain This was the end of that Man's Avarice who being naked a few years before was raised to be worth 3 Millions he had one when he went to Goa brought another from Tangu and had got at least another since by Prizes and Trade The Enemy confessed they lost at that Siege 30000 Men. 8. But that it may appear that seldom any great Calamity happens without the help of a Woman it is necessary to show how Nicote's Wife was one of the Principal Causes of his Ruin She entertained one of his Captains as her Gallant and perceiving the Portugueses censured their familiarity they perswaded Nicote he had no need of them which was the reason they were dismissed and that the cause of his Ruine 9. Our Viceroy understanding the danger of Siriam and thinking to relieve it in time sent thither Iames de Mendoça Furtado with 5 Galliots He had orders to act something by the way and endeavour to strengthen himself by the addition of some other Ships and Men which he effected not till he came to Martavam where in the River he found a Fleet of 20 Sail which after a sharp Engagement fled except 4 that were taken with some Men from whom he heard what had happened at Siriam so that there was no need to go farther 10. Nor long before this set out from Goa for China Iohn Cayado de Gamboa with 3 Galleons and was to join Michael de Sousa Pimentel who was there with 4 others to secure our China Trade against the Hollanders who
expelled This was done by the assistance of Vincent Ribeyro a Portugues who lived at Visapor and had much interest with the Favourite 21. At Baçaim Luis de Brito Melo and D. Iohn de Almada Admiral of the Diu Squadron joyned Antony Pinto de Fonseca Commander of that place resolving to force the Enemies Camp They made up 1500 Men and marched toward the Enemy who had 1000 Horse and 1500 Foot well intrenched Our design was to surprize them but they had intelligence from some Portugueses in the City nevertheless their Trenches were forced with the loss of 6 or 7 of our Men and not above 500 of the Enemy escaped This Victory secured the Inhabitants of that Country and the Island of Salsete who had suffered much during the two last Years 22. Zamori possessed himself of the Kingdom of Upper Granganer which was of dangerous consequence to our Town of the same Name which he always coveted having an Eye upon a Pagod where the ancient Emperors of Malabar used to be Crowned This Neighbourhood became the more dangerous for that the little King of Paru a small Island relying on his Friendshop with Zamori had began the War in the Rivers between Cochim and Paliporto The King of Cochim not without cause offended at the Portugueses underhand kindled this Fire The Viceroy sent D. Lope de Almeyda with one Galley and ten Ships to relieve Cananor He came upon the King of Paru who terrified thereat concluded a Peace Only the King of Cochim and Zamori now remained an Embassy and Presents were sent to the latter both which he admitted but nothing was concluded 23. At this time arrived at Goa 4 Ships from Portugal five came thence but one was lost within two Leagues of Melinde Of 3000 Soldiers that were shipped aboard these Vessels not half the number came to India the rest dying by the way which was a great loss by reason of the want of Men there was there having so many Enemies upon them and because these same Ships should have come the Year before and were forced back to Lisbon Three Ships homeward bound had yet worse fortune for one was cast away at the Maldivy Islands another in which were all the Men of the former at the Island Fayal where above 200 Men perished the third arrived at Lisbon 24. The Viceroy with that small Recruit resolved to go in Person to the North to meet our European Enemies the English and Hollanders who were strong in these Seas he sent before D. Emanuel de Azevedo with 22 Sail who at Suratte joyned the two Squadrons under Luis de Brito and D. Iohn de Almada They landed and destroyed the Lands of Cifandam and Diva the Towns of Baroche and Goga were plundered and burnt as were six great Ships in that Bay Hence they sailed to the City Patane the Inhabitants whereof terrified by the Flames of Goga fled to the Woods so the Town was fired without any opposition 25. Mean while the Viceroy set out with 7 Galleons that in which he was so large it carried with ease 230 Men at Arms the 30 all Gentlemen There were besides two Pinks one Galley one Caravel and five other Vessels In all which were 1400 Portugueses and much Artillery but unskilful Gunners CHAP. IV. Continues the Government of D. Hierome de Azevedo 1. THE chief Design of this Squadron which at Suratte joyned those three under Azevedo Brito and Almeyda was to destroy four English Ships that lay in that Port. These Preparations seemed too great for such an Enterprize but the Event proved the contrary Being come in sight of the English the Viceroy ordered the two Pinks the Caravel and other smaller Vessels to lay aboard one of the Ships which was separated from the others Having all grappled and almost entred her the other three coming up beat them off The first three of our Vessels having taken fire endeavouring to burn that of the Enemy perished and the English escaped All this day was spent without any Success on our side and the next nothing was done because the Ships lay in a hole where only one of our Galleons could come at them at once and so might be one by one disabled by the Enemies Cannon Some said this was only a pretence of those who had no mind to come at them It was attempted to burn them with Fireships but without success 2. The Viceroy perceiving he only lost his Time there sailed to Diu to send thence Relief to Ormuz having received Advice from D. Luis de Gama Commander of that Place that the Fort of Comoran was besieged by a Persian Captain of Xirav with 14000 Men by Sea and Land This Siege was laid by order of Abas Xa of Persia on account that Gama did not pay him certain Duties due to the King of Lara and the Persian was now possessed of that Kingdom He was glad of this pretence of taking Arms as desiring to possess himself of Ormuz towards which he thought the Fort of Comoron was a good step Nor did he miss his aim for no sooner did the ancient Men of Ormuz hear that Fort was delivered but they concluded this lost D. Luis sent some Succour which hastened the Surrender because one half of it was cut off and the rest returned Andrew de Quadros commanded at Comoran he had but few Men and less Cannon for always our Aim was at trade and was forced to surrender upon Conditions which the Enemy never observed This was done when the Relief of 9 Sail sent by the Viceroy arrived under the command of Michael de Sousa Pimentel who having nothing to do there and to shun the Distasts that happened between him and D. Luis de Gama went away to Mascate 3. The Viceroy returning with his Fleet from Diu discovered the 4 English Ships a great way from Surat making all the sail they could and standing to the Southward He made the best of his way and in the afternoon came up alone within Cannon-shot of one of them because his Galleon was a better Sailer than the rest of the Fleet. His Gunner offered to sink her with two 40 Pounders many opposed it representing the other 3 Ships would come upon him and the Fleet being out of sight the Galleon would be lost which would be a great discredit besides the Damage at such a time when the Government was so poor The Viceroy submitted to their Opinions without obliging them to give it under their hands thinking they would never deny it which they did when he was accused for not doing what the Gunner proposed The English returned Thanks for this kindness firing their Cannon without Ball. 4. The Ships that this Year went from Portugal carried Orders to the Viceroy to sell all Commands and Employments that would yield Money there being no other means than to supply the Wants of that Government This was put in execution and much resented for three Reasons one That it had never been
made towards the Enemy who not regarding them stood in for Malaca Our Galleons being ill manned because many of the Men were fled to the Woods it was found expedient to take those out of the Galliots who were of try'd Valour Thus they prepared for Battel which the Enemy accepted drawn up in the form of a half Moon This happened on a Sunday in the Afternoon about the middle of November 7. The Admiral and D. Iohn de Silveyra's Galleons were boarded Ant. Rodrigues de Gamboa with his Galliot came to assist Silveyra his Brother-in-Law but the Galliot taking fire fired the Galleon and both perished There were 50 Men in them 20 of them died and the other 30 were taken The Admiral Miranda was three times boarded and tho' he had but few Men still cleared the Decks killing numbers of the Enemy and sinking some of their Galleys Ships were fired on both sides and the labour to quench them was great especially on our side The fight lasted till midnight the flaming Ships and other fires lighted of purpose by the King affording them light 8. In fine the Admiral 's Galleon during this time was attacked by the whole Fleet 14 times fired 18 and as often quenched Men wrapped in wet Blankets rowling themselves in the fire Miranda being struck down by a great Splinter a Soldier cried out he was killed but he instantly arose saying I am not dead here I am alive fight couragiously my brave Lions for Heaven promises us a glorious Victory The 3 Galleons were in a Line at about a Musket shot distance from each other and for want of Wind the 2 could not come up to succour the Admiral against whom the Enemy bent all his Force Could they have come up the Enemy had been utterly ruined for they were so disabled that they retired towards Bancales 9. Day appearing and the Enemy gone our Galleons thought to pursue them but could not Their Loss was computed to 20000 Men and 50 Sail of all Sorts Iames de Mendoça Silva being upon discovery with his small Vessels found the King had sent out his Boats for Water he fell in among them and took them all and 200 Prisoners The King after this loss asked the Prisoners he had taken whether an Embassy to treat of their Liberty would be acceptable at Malaca and being by them assured it would he writ to the Admiral and Commander of the Town affirming our Ships had attacked him without cause when he was going only to subdue his rebellious Subjects expressing concern for the loss of our Galleon and Galliot offering to restore the Prisoners without Ransom if they sent for them This King being very subtle and false it was not fit to give two much Credit to him yet his Ambassadors were well received and it was answered that the King's Designs not being known it could not but he believed he designed against Malaca They sent him all his Subjects taken by Iames de Mendoça and a good Present thanking him for the offer of restoring the Portugueses and desiring he would deliver them to him that carried the others The King being under sail when our Messenger came to him said he would answer after he had treated him as became a Portugues Ambassador He had rather have taken his answer there being suspicious of the King but was forced to follow The King being come home received the Embassy friendly and a Month after dispatched him well satisfied with the Prisoners 10. The reason why as was before hinted the 3 Galleons could not pursue the Achem Fleet was because they had advice that 8 Holland Ships were sailing towards Malaca Mendoça was of opinion to repair to the City for the security thereof but Miranda was for pursuing the Enemy and having destroyed them they might retire to Polubutum or Gale which would have ruined the Achem Fleet and saved our Galleons which were destroyed afterwards by the Hollanders These drawing near Ferdinand de Costa was for securing the Galleons at Gale Miranda for fighting and Furtado advised to draw the Galleons close to the little Island so that the Hollanders might not pass between them and the Land so they might do the more Execution bringing all their Cannon over to one side This Opinion being approved of was scarce put in Execution when the 8 Ships appeared and made at them Every Ship exceeded each of our Galleons in number of Men and Cannon able Seamen and Gunners The order of drawing under the Island was so ill executed that the Hollanders took the Post ours aimed at 11. The Battel began and continued all that day with equal Loss Next day one of Galleons after losing 3 Captains and being torn to pieces even with the superficies of the Water was quitted by those Men that were left The 3d day only 10 Men being left in another Galleon they fired it and got ashore The Admiral Miranda would defend himself tho' wounded in the Leg with only 6 but they and a Jesuit by force carried him into the Island leaving the Galleon on fire About 200 Men were lost in them all The loss of the Hollanders was considerable but being Masters of the Sea they sailed to the Mouth of the Streight to intercept the Ships that were expected from China till understanding that D. Iohn de Silva Governor of Malina was coming that way with his Fleet they quitted that Sea which was no small comfort after so great a Loss 12. Francis de Miranda Enriquez went to Goa where he walked upon Crutches by reason of the hurt received in his Legs when he fought the Hollanders However he was brought to a Tryal for not sailing directly for Manila according to his Instructions or not retiring where they might have been secured In the Conclusion he was cleared and having behaved himself so bravely it was but reason he should 13. D. Iohn de Silva being informed that the four Galleons could not go to Manila did all that could be expected of a good Commander to join us in order to suppress the Hollanders He sent Ammunition to our Fleet aâ—… Malaca and advice for our Ships to avoid falling into the Enemies hands But all failed the advice by the ill Conduct of him that carried it and the Ammunition because our Galleons were lost when it came Without knowing hereof he put to Sea with 10 strong Galleons the product of his great Care and Industry Eight days after his departure 6 Holland Ships came to the Bay of Maribeles and were the first of that Nation that passed the Streights of Magellan Had D. Iohn set out 10 days sooner he had taken the 8 Ships that defeated Francis de Miranda and 10 Days later those other 6. Ships On the Sea of Pulatinam he found the Galleon commanded by Captain Antony Homen de Azevedo and the Plate Ship coming from China Having passed the Streight of Singapura he left the Galleons with his Vice-Admiral and with two Galleys he had went himself and
convoyed those two Vessels to Malaca There he was received under a Canopy with great State and demonstrations of Love and Gratitude there also he soon fell sick in such manner that the seventh Day were buried with him the great hopes conceived of destroying the Hollanders by his Zeal Valour and Conduct The Galleys carrying the Body returned to his Nephew and the Vice-Admiral and he with them to Manila CHAP. VI. Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo in the Year 1615. 1. ABout this same time a Peace was concluded at Damam between the Portugueses and King Choutia Gonzalo Pinto de Fonseca was appointed to go to exchange the Ratifications The King would not come into our Dominions to swear it nor would we go into his those of the King of Sarceta tho' our Enemy and his Father-in-Law were agreed upon Pinto came to a Village appointed for this Ceremony with 400 Foot and 50 Horse and found the King there with 40 of the latter and 900 of the former Our Commissioner offer'd his Tent and the King his urging his Character It was accepted to avoid displeasing him The Quarrel had been about certain Lands the King pretended to and now quitting his Claim the Peace was solemnly sworn with satisfaction of both Parties He offered to serve our King with 1000 Foot and 200 Horse and that his Son should live at Damam to Command a Fleet at Sea He added pleasantly that he envied those who could be in Damam at the publick Feasts and caused Pinto with some of the chief Portugueses to go to his House saying the Queen was desirous of seeing him She saw him but not he her being behind a close Lettice The King made fresh offers and gave good Proofs of real Friendship 2. The same Gonçalo Pinto concluded a Peace with the Mogol The Articles were That Iahanguier King of the Mogols and the Viceroy should hold no Correspondence with English or Hollanders That they should harbour neither of those Nations in their Ports that they should be obliged to expel them the Sea of Guzarate in 3 Months after any of them came thither That if the English entred the Lock of Suratte the Portugueses should have leave to plant Guns ashore to drive them out That all Animosities laid aside the Mogols and Portugueses should Trade freely in each others Ports That Prisoners be restored on both sides That the King should restore all the Portugues Effects in his Kingdom after repaying himself 70000 Xerafines he had received Damage in a Ship that came from Meca That the Hulk of a Ship should be given to the Queen-Mother for one of hers burnt at Goa That the Viceroy should give leave for two Ships of his once and one every Year to Trade from Suratte to Meca without paying any Duties That the Malabars should be excluded the Ports of both Parties as pernicious Pirats That by this Peace the King of Portugal's Right to the Duties paid at Diu by the Ships that Trade in the Bay of Cambaya should be no way infriâ—…ged 3. About the middle of February Gonzalo Rodriguez de Sonsa came to the Moluco Islands with 6 Galliots of War and two of Merchants He was sent by the Viceroy with Succours D. Iohn de Silva Governor of Manila with his Spaniards were then besieged at Ternate by 11 Dutch Ships Sousa in sight of them relieved the Place and the Besiegers stood away to the Southward D. Iohn ordered two Galleys and a Pink with the Galliots to follow the Enemy who steered for Macassa These put the Towns of Arsula Best and the greater and lesser Manciolas to Fire and Sword They burnt Ships belonging to the Kings of Ternate Maquien Bacham and Cacoa who favoured the Holland Rebels Landing in the Kingdom of Corane they easily took the chief Fort the King who was in it flying for shelter to the Woods Returning aboard they discovered three great Ships in which came the King's Son-in-Law and Grandson to his aid the latter was taken the other killed On the 2d of April they arrived at Macassa aâ—… such time as the Admiral of the 11 Hollanders seen at Ternate was coming into that Port. After half a Day 's fight being upon the point of taking her a sudden Storm parted them Our Men returned to Ternate with Booty Provisions and more Ships than they carried out 4. In Ceylon our Gen. Em Mascarennas Homem marched against Candea with 14 Companies of Portugueses of 30 Men each and the Dissava's or Chiefs of the Natives Near the River of Candea fell so great a Rain there was no dry place to lie down and in the Morning they were all running Blood being bit by Leeches It appeared difficult to pass the River being then swelled but there being 11000 Men there they cut Trees and laying a Bridge over passed The Chingalas began to Skirmish chiefly at Night taking the advantage of the Woods We lost some Men. The like happened at the Entrance into the Kingdom of Uva 5. They marched to the City Babule Metropolis of that Kingdom burning all that lay in their way Three thousand of the Enemy who lay in Ambush near the City fell upon Simon Correa who led our Van but 600 Musqueteers charging them they fled to the Woods about 40 being killed on both sides The same happened in the Rear There being no Plunder in the City it was burnt and all Fruit-Trees cut down Our General spent 3 Months in this Expedition in March returned to Sofragan and thence to Malvane having done the Enemy great harm 6. In August he sent Peter Peixoto de Silva with 8 Companies to Tumpane another Inlet into the Kingdom of Candea towards the North a League from Balane He spared neither Sex nor Age for that the Tumpanenses had endeavoured to betray us to the Enemy The Lands of Archiapato of Candea were burnt but in a Village they cut off 20 of our Blacks in an Ambush 25 of them were slain in the same manner on their way to Matale Near Matale 70 more fell of 1500 that came to oppose us which caused them to quit the Field and Peixoto returned to Manicravare with 500 Prisoners and 2000 Head of Cattle some of them Elephants 7. After this the Dissava Philip de Oliveyra had much the same success making a Road into Candea with 10 Companies The success continued as long as Emanuel Mascarennas Homem commanded in that Island which was little above a Year every one wishing it had been much longer as much in respect of his Valour as Fortune and Affability CHAP. VII Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo in the Year 1615. 1. IN the Year 1608 we gave an account of the prodigious rise of Sebastian Gonzales Tibao who of a poor seller of Salt in a small Barque the Year 1605 in that of 1608 was become an absolute Sovereign without dependance on any Prince whatsoever It is now time to show the end of
such Monsters This base Man being lifted to that height the steps by which he ascended being Treachery and Ingratitude he now found it was no longer possible to support his Power without some considerable Succour 2. This Man who in his Prosperity forgot to submit himself to the Viceroy now seeing the probability of falling acquaints him with the Danger he is in He proposes like an absolute Prince That if the Viceroy will effectually support him he will become Tributary to Portugal with the acknowledgment of a Galleon loaden with Rice to be delivered Yearly at Goa or Malaca He urged all had been done by him was to revenge the Murder of the Portugueses slaughtered by the King of Arracam in Banguel of Dianga and to gain the Viceroy by the hope of Profit hinted that the vast Treasure of that King might be taken This last so blinded the Viceroy that in stead of abhorring the Villanies of that Wretch he resolved to assist him contrary to all Human and Divine Laws 3. For this Expedition the Viceroy fitted out 14 of the largest Galliots one Flyboat and a Pink and gave the Command of them to D. Francis de Meneses Roxo who had governed Ceylon He sailed from Goa about the middle of September well manned and equipped but not without much foreboding of an unfortunate Event for as the Viceroy only weighed the prospect of Gain the People considered the injustice of the Enterprize 4. On the 3d of October D. Francâ—… arrived at Arracam the chief Port and Residence of that King he had before sent a Galliot with Advice of his coming to Sebastian Gonzales at Sundiâ—…a His Instructions being opened before all the Captains they contained that he should enter that Kingdom without expecting Sebastian Gonzalez It was more reasonable that man should have been expected as who knew the Country and their manner of Fight besides the Forces he was to bring but God had decreed the Ruin of that vile Wretch and of that unjust Succour On the 15th of October they discovered coming down the River a Fleet so numerous they could not see the end of it The foremost was a Dutch Pink and many Hollanders commanded other Vessels All that could be discoverd appeared full of Men and well equipped an ill sight for 15 little Ships that expected them neither were they now 15 for one was gone to Sundiva the Pink was in pursuit of a Ship that fled and another was gone to fetch the Pink. 5. The Dutch Pink fired the first Gun and then the Fight began furiously our Galliots advancing without any dread of that vast Fleet. Four Galliots got before the others and in an instant their Captains and many Soldiers were killed yet the rest were no way dismayed and the other eight came up darkening the day with Smoak notwithstanding the repeated flashes of Fire Many of the Enemy were drowned oversetting their Vessels through haste to fly from us The Fight lasted from morning till evening when the Enemy drew off thinking some Relief was coming to us having discovered the Galliot that went to seek the Pink which they could not find We lost 25 Men of Note besides others 6. Next morning the Pink came up aboard him the wounded Men were carried and such as he had fit for Service taken out D. Francis resolved to lie at the mouth of the River till Sebastian Gonzalez came to joyn him and then again attack the Enemy At length Gonzalez came with 50 Sail well manned and equipped and hearing what was done railed against the Viceroy for giving such Orders and against D. Francis for obeying them About the middle of November they sailed up the River discovered the Enemies vast Fleet riding in a safe Place and resolved to attack it D. Francis took half Gonzalez his Ships and gave him half those he brought so they made two equal Squadrons They divided themselves and fell on on both sides firing upon those Vessels they could reach but none of them advanced The King from the Shore encouraged his Men causing the Heads of some that fled to be set upon Spears for a Terror to the rest 7. Scarce had our Men time to breath when a great part of that vast Fleet came down upon them divided into 3 Squadrons This was at Noon when the heat of the Sun scorched Sebastian Gonzalez put to flight those that attacked him our Pink did as much with the Hollander D. Francis received and did much harm The Advantage was visible on our side till about Sun-setting our Admiral D. Francis was killed by two Musket-Balls one in the Forehead the other in the left Eye A Signal given on Board his Galliot caused Sebastian Gonzalez to cease â—…ollowing his good Fortune and the Tide ebbing the Fleets parted but Gaspar de Abren's Galeot being left among the Enemy all her Men were slain and the Vessel torn in pieces yet Abreu was brought off by Antony Carvallo mortally wounded and lived some days after 8. Our Fleet being come back to the mouth of the River care was taken of the Wounded and above 200 Dead were buried in the Sea The Body of D. Francis was embalmed D. Luis de Azevedo the Vice-Admiral succeeded in the Command They all sailed over to Sundiva and D. Luis with his Squadron thence to Goa notwithstanding Sebastian Gonzales for his own security laboured all he could to keep him there Not long after the King of Arracam falling upon him in his Island took it and reduced him to his former miserable condition so his Sovereignty passed like a Shadow his Pride was humbled and his Villanies punished Our Fleet on their return burnt some Ships of the Moors laden with Provisions upon the Coast of Paliacate and St. Thomas But Iohn Gomez Paez fighting with others had his Galliot blown up and few Men were saved CHAP. VIII Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo this same Year 1615 and that of 1616. 1. THE Viceroy fitted out the Squadron for the North which consisted of 12 Ships and as many small Vessels in which were at least 20 Gentlemen of Quality whom the Portugueses call Fidalgos that served as Voluntiers The Admiral was Ruy Freyre de Andrade 2. This Fleet set out about the end of October Ruy Freyre by the way visited the Northern Forts At Balcar beyond Surat he sent out the Fleet for Cambaya under the Convoy of two Ships giving Advice to the Commander to send away that which was there As soon as Ruy Freyre came to Suratte Nababo who commanded there for the Mogol sent him two Vessels loaded as he said with fresh Provisions but they were costly Curiosities and Silks Ruy Freyre to receive this Message called all the Captains aboard his Galliot and before them viewed and commended the Present That done he took only one Piece assuring the Messenger All must be returned but that he should be as ready to serve his Master as if he had received the whole Present Nababo
much admired this Proceeding understanding it was Freyre's custom rather to Give than Receive 3. The Piece Freyre kept was Cambolim worth about 20 Pardao's The value of a Pardao is 12 Royals and a half Cambolim is a piece of Stuff the Women wear on their Shoulders like a Veil The Captain 's extolling this Action he said The Cambolim was due to some Lady that they should agree whose Mistress was handsomest and it should be given to her The Price without any dispute was allowed to â—…ippolito Furtado his Mistress 4. Whilst the Merchant Fleet stayed at Cambaya Freyre went to visit the Fort of Diu and landed by the way at Goga once a proud City of the Moors but humbled by our Arms the last Year At the end of December the Fleet sailed from Cambaya and was the greatest that had been seen in many Years Freyre with his Squadron convoyed it Near Damam there arose such a Storm that it was a wonder they did not all perish Two Ships were lost with all the Men of another only one Man was saved of a fourth all the Men. What caused most admiration was that 10 small Boats escaped which in a calm Sea carried but a span above Water At length they got into Bacaim 8 Merchant Ships being drove to Chaul met there 4 Parao's of Pirats who took two of them Freyre caused the Beards of the Soldiers of the other six to be cut off for not following his light At last he came safe to Goa with the Fleet. 5. D. Bernard de Noronna commanded the Fleet on the Coast of Malabar Zamori had again broke the Peace and distressed Granganor Noronna hasted thither and cut off all Correspondence between Zamori and 3 Holland Ships that came into that Sea and in despight of all the Nayres relieved Granganor Mean while D. Henry de Sousa sent by him with 11 Sail to Calicut burnt there a great Ship belonging to that Emperor loaded and ready to sail for Meca This done D. Bernard having visited the Forts of Malabar and Canara returned to Goa 6. D. Nunno Alvarez Pereyra succeeded Emanuel Mascarennas Homem as General of Ceylon and made several successful Roads into the Kingdom of Candea bringing thence many Prisoners and much Cattel But let us relate a dangerous Commotion that happened in that Island the Occasion whereof though it be not new in the World is one of those that though often repeated is still admired and was thus 7. Some Years before this died Nicapeti King of Ceylon who being converted and having no Issue made the King of Portugal his Heir At this time there lived in Ceylon a poor Fellow called also Nicapeti He served the Portugueses and gaining admittance to one of the Queens of Valgameme heard somewhat of that Prince called Nicapeti This Fellow being of the same Name resolved to represent his Person and perswade the People that he was their Natural Prince come to Life again He feigns himself a Iogue that is the same as an Hermit among us and beginning to appear about Mareguepore gave out That taking compassion on the Calamities of his Country he came to free them from the Portugues Bondage He found Credit and Men flocking to him entred the seven Corla's when the Disâ—…ava Philip de Oliverae was absent At Matiagama he slew two Fathers of the Society in 6 or 7 days was succoured by the King of Candea with 2000 Men and declared King by most of the Country 8. As soon as our General had notice hereof he sent Emanuel Cesar with some Men to quench this Fire before it grew Masterless Cesar meeting him with 6000 Men at Gandola a Village on the River Laoa they ingaged and Ferdinand Caldeyra who led our Van going on rashly was killed with 10 or 12 Soldiers and Captain Gaspar de Antas 9. In the heat of the Battle 1000 Chingala's who served under Luis Gomez Pinto deserted to the Enemy At this sight our Men gave themselves for lost but much more when D. Constantine a Chingala but Subject of Portugal and of the Royal Blood stepping forward cried aloud Whither do you fly my Friends If you look for your Natural King here am I who by seven several Branches am descended from them In a moment they all turned to and proclaimed him King and he made use of this opportunity to reduce them that had revolted from us After a long Dispute the Enemy fled over the River Next morning our Men passed over and meeting no Enemy stayed there for further Intelligence 10. In the mean while Philip de Oliveyra returned from Candea having heard of Nicapeti's Attempt but not of our Victory There was then a considerable number of Chingala's who served under him to incite these to rebel one came and from the top of a Mountain admonished them to forsake the Portugueses and follow their Natural Prince This caused much disorder among the Men and next day Oliveyra marching on came to the Field of the late Battle and finding above 1000 slain could not discover who had gained that Victory On a Tree was seen an Inscription signifying that all Portugueses were slain no body of them left in Ceylon and that Columbo was surrendred This startled the Portugueses and not a little rejoyced the Lascarines the Chingala's that serve among us are so called who were 800 in number 11. As Philip de Oliveyra continued his march 300 Men attacked his Rear but as soon as he faced them fled Nyhe came upon him near the River Laoa he sent to Emanuel Cesar and they joyned which made the Revolters fly to the Woods They two agreed to take all the Women and Children of some Villages hoping by that means to reduce the Chingala's that were in Arms. Oliveyra took above 400 the same night the 800 Lascarines deserted with their Arms leaving the Portugueses alone who were not above 200. These marched 5 Leagues to the Pagod called Atanagale near Maluana where the General resided who sent them 500 Men 200 whereof were Portugueses He ordered D. Emanuel de Castro to take care of Provisions and Ammunition having made D. Constantine Dissava of the Corlas this was the Chingala who as was abovesaid brought back those who fled from us in stead of D. Philip de Oliveyra wrongfully punishing him for the desertion of the 800 Lascarines CHAP. IX Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo the same Year 1616. 1. NIcapeti like an absolute King bestowed Imployments and Lands having gathered an Army of 24000 Men with which he marched towards Columbo so vain that half a League from that Town on the Banks of the River Nacolega he would be proclaimed Emperor of Ceylon He sent to the King of Candea to send him one of his two Wives who answered It should be done when the Portugueses were subdued Nicapeti in a Rage at this Answer threatned to use that King like the Portugueses Those 2000 Men sent by him to Nicapeti's assistance
not so dark with lank Hair some like Mulato's and some up the Inlands whiter yet of both sorts of Hair Of Stature large well made and strong of a clear judgment and apt to learn Every Man has as many Wives as he can or will and turns them off at pleasure and they find other Husbands The Husband gives the Portion saying It is a Recompence for their Fathers by whom they were bred for them Their Funeral Obsequies consist in Feasting the Guests The Mourning in laying aside all marks of Joy cutting the Hair or covering the Face and Body with Clay 5. Their Government is Monarchical the Kings are called Andias Anrias and Dias without any dependance on another They are continually in War the end whereof is rather Plunder than Slaughter No Arms were found among them but some Guns given by the Moors and Hollanders which they do not use and are fearful of them in their own hands Their Merchandize is excellent Amber white Sandal Tortoises Ebony other sweet Woods and abundance of Slaves There is plenty of all sorts of Cattle Their Goat is as sweet as our Mutton They have abundance of Sea-Cows Sea-Horses Monkeys some say Tigers and Snakes not very very venomous No Elephants Horses Asses Lions Bears Deer Foxes nor Hares 6. This is the Island of Madagascar where our Discoverers now were in a large Bay near Masialage in which is an Island half a league round which contains a City of 8000 Inhabitants most of them Weavers of excellent Stuffs made of the Palm-Tree in the Latitude of 16 degrees Here the Moors used to buy Boys whom they carried to Arabia to serve their Lust. The King of this Place was called Samamo with whom Friendship was established and he granted Leave to Preach the Gospel They coasted almost 40 leagues Westward discovering the mouth of the great River Balue in the Latitude of somewhat more than 16 degrees Turning Cape St. Andrew they saw the River and Kingdom of Casame in 17 degrees of Latitude where they found little Water and had much Trouble Here also Amity was established with the King called Sampilla a discreet old Man but in all this way heard no News of the Portugueses sought after About the middle of May on Whiâ—…sunday Mass was said on Shore and two Crosses set up which that King seemed to be pleased at promising to restore them if at any time they fell 7. In the Holy-days they discovered a small Island in 18 degrees of Latitude which they call Espiritu Santo half a degree farther Banks of Sand 9 leagues in length where they were in some danger On Trinity-Sunday they landed further on were again in danger of Sands anchored at the 7 Islands of Cuerpo de Dios in 19 degrees of Latitude near the River and Kingdom Sadia to which they came on the 19th of Iune and found scarce Water enough for Caravels The Kingdom is large the City on the Banks of the River has about 10000 Inhabitants great plenty of Flesh Indian Wheat Tar Tortoises Sandal Ebony and sweet Woods the People black simple but good natured and have no Trade The King's Name was Capitape an ancient Man much respected and very sincere He established Peace and gave his Son to guide our Men and assist them along that Coast. All along this Coast from Massalaje to Sadia which are 130 leagues is used the Language of the Cafres All the rest of the Island uses the Language called Buqua which is the Native 8. Turning towards the South they discovered the Country of the Buques a very wicked and poor People feeding upon the Spawn of Fish The Inland Kings who are more powerful oppress them They passed by the River Mane that of Saume in 20 degrees 15 minutes of South Latitude Manoputa in 20 degrees 30 minutes here they heard of Portugueses Isango in 21 degrees Terrir 21 degrees 30 minutes the 7 Islands of St. Elizabeth in 22 degrees On the 11th of Iuly they came into the Port of St. Felix in 22 degrees and heard somewhat of Portugueses from Dissamuto the King 9. Our Men offering a Silver Chain here for some Provisions the Natives gave it to an old Woman to try whether it was right she said That 3 days Journey down a River there was an Island inhabited long since by a white Warlike People habited like our Men that wore Crosses about their Necks and lived upon Rapine that they easily took what they would being Armed with Spears and Guns Our Men were pleased at this Information and here whilst they were at Mass the Prince of Loquexa with a Black ran away Three Portugueses catched him and he begged they would kill him being brought back and better treated he wholly submitted to their will 10. Passing by the Bay of St. Bonaventure and the mouth of the River Massimanga they entred the Port Santa Clara whither Diamassuto came to them concluded a Peace and on his knees worshipped the Crucifix They were told that white People resorted to the Neighbouring Port which were supposed to be Hollanders Going on they found Banks of Sand not set down in the Charts and entred the Port in 24 degrees of Latitude The People were affable their King's Name Diacomena they said That on the opposite Coast there were Portugueses who had been cast away and fed Cattle that the Hollanders had been there three times and left them four Musketiers with whose help they made War on their Enemies Friendship was established here upon condition they should not again admit the Hollanders Some Inscriptions were found carved on Trees one of them had these words Christophorus Neoportus Anglus Cap. And another Dominus Robertus Schurleius Comes Legatus Regis Persarum 11. In the Latitude of 25 degrees entring a Port they called it of St. Augustin the Name of the Kingdom is Vavalinta the King 's Diamacrinali a Buque who no sooner saw the Portugueses but he said Are these some of the Men of the other Coast This confirmed what had been heard of the Portugueses before and the King being asked said They were 6 days sail thence In September our Men saw Cape St. Mary where they spent 40 days in stormy weather and on St. Luke's day entred the Port of the same Name in the Kingdom of Enseroe The Natives said That half a day's Journey off there were white People with Crosses who had a great Town Randumana the King came to the Caravel and sent one of his Subjects with a Portugues to shew him where he said those White Men were but the Black left our Man half way 12. Among others there came thither to Trade with our Men a King with above 500 fighting Men his Sons almost white their Hair long wearing Gowns and Breeches of Cotton of several colours with Silver Buttons Bracelets and other Jewels of Gold Pearl and Coral This King's Name was Bruto Chembanga his Kingdom called Matacassi borders upon Enseroe on the West He shewed Arabick Books He said The
Sampayo and Iames de Cunna executed Salvador Vaz de Guerra at Moçambique The News of that impudent Action brought to Goa so terrified the Judge Francis de Fonseca Pinto then a Prisoner that he made his Escape by Bribes and died in the Country of the Moors 5. The Viceroy sent an Ambassador to the Mogol to desire he would not admit our Enemies the English and Dutch into his Ports F. Emanuel Pineyro a Jesuit went on this Errand The result was that the King took off the Embargo that was upon 200 Sail of ours in his Ports and forbore making War upon Damam and Diu for which purpose he had already detatched 30000 Horse from the Army that was ready to march against the Persians who invaded his Territories His Army consisted of 300000 Horse the Foot innumerable many Thousand Camels 12000 Elephants 6000 Yoke of Oxen drawing as many Carts besides such as carry on their backs like Mules 70000 poor People followed this multitude 6. This multitude being to pass a rapid River that falls from a Mountain he laid over it a wooden Bridge for the Men and broke the Fury of its Course with a Dam for the Beasts to swim over safely A whole Month was spent in passing The Camp was 8 Leagues in compass so regular so beautified with rich Tents and so well supplied with all Necessaries that it looked like a well govern'd City 7. This Year sailed from Lisbon for India 3 Ships and 2 Flyboats under the Command of D. Christopher de Noronna Six English Ships lay then about the Cape of Good Hope which taking one of the Flyboats understood the others were coming and lay in wait for them They meeting the English Admiral said He had Orders from his King to seize Effects of the Portugueses to the value of 70000 Crowns for the Damage done by the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo to the 4 English Ships in the Bay of Surat This Sum was immediately paid him and 20000 Ducats more to divide among his Men. Our Admiral no sooner arrived at Goa but he was secured by the Viceroy and sent Prisoner to Lisbon 8. The King of Iorcon came into the River of Malaca with 80 Sail in a miserable condition as who was expelled his Dominions by the King of Achem. Our Officers â—…ing to visit him he desired Assistance against that Enemy which was denied him and yet afterwards they desired the same of the King to oppose the Power of Achem which threatned that Place and was more formidable than it had been till that time 9. A small Squadron was sent from Malaca under the Command of Lope de Sousa to plunder the Hollanders Factory at Iaâ—…e where they found only 4 or 5 Dutch Men with a number of the Natives yet would not attack them for fear of exposing the Son-in-Law and Son of the Commander of Malaca who if not to be exposed ought not to have gone They lost the opportunity of taking a great Sum of Money that was kept there and in stead of plundering that Enemy gained another by destroying some Towns along the Coast. 10. The Tartars having ruined part of the famous Wall of China entred like a Torrent with above a million of Men bearing down Cities and whole Provinces till they drew near the Court of Peking in so terrible a manner that the King was about withdrawing to Nanking But the Chineses recovering of the first Fright fell upon the Tartars and made such a slaughter as obliged them to quit that Province The Jesuits here gained much Esteem having been very serviceable with their Intelligence For an Example to posterity I will relate the Particulars of this Invasion of the Tartars till the Year 1640. 11. When Humvu the first of the Family now reigning in China expelled the Tartars who for 90 Years had been possessed of that Crown he not only recovered what had been lost but conquered the Frontiers of Tartary dividing them into several Governments These in time grew to such a height that they raised themselves into 3 Kingdoms one on the East the other towards the West and the third on the North. The two last immediately cast off the Chinese Yoke the other continued in Obedience till the Chineses seeing it grow powerful without any other occasion resolved to weaken it But the Tartars oppressed taking courage revenged themselves running to Arms and securing a strong Hold in the Province of Leaotung by which and other Actions they became Masters of the Field The other two Kingdoms moved by the hope of Gain joyned with the former and in the Year 1618 which was 300 after Humvn formed a most formidable Army which coming to Battel with that of China no less numerous gave it a total overthrow rather to be attributed to the ill Conduct of the Chineses than Valour of the Tartars The King of China so much neglected his Government he seemed to be in a perfect Lethargy and all the Industry used by his Ministers to awake him was of no effect 12. In fine the Tartars continued the War with such Success that they conquered the Northern Province of Leaotung and forced the Kingdom of Corea to pay them Tribute as they did till then to China After the Tartars were beaten from Peking a Chinese Woman headed some Troops against them and gained great Fame defeating them in several places CHAP. XVI Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. John Coutinno Count De Redondo 1. AT the time the Tartar Invasion appeared most formidable Gonçalo Teyzeyra a Portugues was at Peking having carried thither a Present from the City Macao to the Mandarins he in the Name of the said City offered to assist them with a number of expert Soldiers They accepted the Offer and sent thither him that made it and F. Iohn Rodriguez a Jesuit Four hundred Men were raised in the City most of them Portugueses the rest Chineses bred among them and consequently good Musketiers Every Soldier had a Mulato Servant bought at the King's expence and their Pay was so great they all cloathed themselves in costly Apparel bought the best Arms and yet thought themselves rich They embarked under two Captains Peter Cordero in chief and Antony Rodriguez del Cabo At Quantung the Chineses were astonished at their Volleys and Exercise They were sent in Boats 〈◊〉 the River and well treated Being come to a Mountain they crossed it on â—…ck and then 〈◊〉 â—…oats again crossing almost all the Province of Kiangsi till they came to the Metropolis thereof The People admired their Presence Arms and Garb and because some had their Cloaths slashed said They could not imagine why Men of sense should purposely tear a Stuff that was whole 2. These Men who might have been so serviceable upon this occasion were from that City sent back to Macao The principal Reason is supposed to be That the Chineses of Quantung who are Factors for the Portugueses fearing this might be a means for them to be admitted into the
clove Men with Axes like Trees opened the Wombs of Women and put in their Children snatched from their Arms. These are impieties unworthy a Christian yet sometimes excused in War 4. Oliveyra finding himself thus strong took the Field slew a multitude of the Enemies and gave them a total overthrow Scarce had they breathed after this Victory when the Prince of Remancor appeared with his Army but Teyxera suddenly falling upon him made such havock he was glad to cast himself at Teyxeyra's feet who received him with great Courtesie They returned to give Thanks for this Victory in Our Lady's Church where the Religious at the Door offering Oliveyra a Palm he said it was due to Teyxeyra and caused it to be given to him Both deserved but he doubly who refused once for conquering his Enemies another for overcoming himself in not accepting it A wonderful Victory in our Age. 5. The Arache D. Luis escaped his Wife and Children were taken she in despair slew her self whilst he perswaded the Nayque of Tanjaor he might make himself King of Iafanapatan He raised 2000 Badagaes and gave the Command of them to Chem Nayque that King of the Carcas who not long before assisted Chingali Oliveyra was strong in Our Lady's Church but in November met the Enemy The fight being desperate with some loss on our side he advanced to encourage the Men the Enemy knowing him seven of them attack him and one of them struck a Spear through his Mouth out at his Throat yet he recovering killed two of them the others fled 6. The Enemy retired to their Trenches Oliveyra being reinforced by 1000 Men from Ceylon assaults them kills many and took many more yet after all he ransomed 1500 taken by the Chingalaes and set them at Liberty The Nayque still coveting that Crown raised more Badagaes Oliveyra sent three Captains with their Companies to suppress him they slew so many without losing one Man that being weary of killing they returned with 1000 Heads 7. The Prince Son to the late King of Iafanapatan who had escaped the Tyranny of Chingali being in the Hands of the Franciscans was baptized together with his Mother and many Nobles and Commoners and at last making over his Claim to that Kingdom to the King of Portugal took the Habit of that Order by the Name of F. Constantine of Christ. 8. Chingali who was taken some time before was sent to Goa with his Wife there condemned to Death and being first converted to the Faith made a most happy end His Wife following the Example given by him was baptized by the Name of Margaret of Austria and retiring to the House of the Converts in that City led a Life that may be an Example to all ancient Christians 9. I think I have not specified the cause of these Troubles which was thus Para Raja Cheygra Pandara made Governor and King of Iafanapatan when Andrew Furtado slew the former King wore that Crown 28 Years and hoping the Viceroy would confirm his Choice named a Son of the deceased to succeed him who being but 7 Years of Age he ordered his Brother Areaquerari Pandara should govern till he was of Age him Changali Cumara murdered to usurp the Crown After that he slew many others whereupon the People mutinying reduced him to great Streights till being succoured by a number of Badagaes raised by the Nayque of Tangaor and commanded by the King of the Carcas they came to a Battel wherein Changali being victorious secured the Crown for some time This Tyrant not content that the Portugueses winked at his bad Title refused to pay them the usual Tribute which was the Cause why Oliveyra fell upon and took him as has been related 10. Abas Xa King of Persia being bent upon possessing himself of the Island and Kingdom of Ormus Camberbeque Cam of Lara began to undertake it on pretence an ancient Tribute was not paid him which he never had since Alfonso de Albuquerque entred that Place He hindred the Trade and secured several Portugues Merchants and seeing we did not agree with him about the Trade of his Silks he settled it with Iames King of England concluding a League with him for the taking of Ormuz Ray Freyre de Andrade who came the Year before from Lisbon with 5 Galleons to cruize on that Sea sent to Goa for Succour but could not obtain it tho' he only desired 4 small Vessels 11. Nevertheless Freyre fights the English and worsts them The Arabs joining with the Persians had taken Iulfar and Dola which caused great scarcity of Water at Ormuz where there is none but what is brought from abroad Freyre went over to forward the building a new Fort at Queixome and by his Absence the Fleet before weak was much impaired Then came two Galleons from Goa commanded by D. Emanuel de Azevedo and D. Iohn de Silveyra an Enemy to Freyre they were ill manned and scarce of Ammunitions and brought Instructions that curbed the Power of the Admiral 12. Being now strong at Quixome he scoured that Coast where were burnt 400 Sail and the Towns of Boami Camir Congâ—… Astan and Doçar at Niquilay he took and destroyed four Ships and above 80 great Barques The Persians assisted by the English furiously batter'd the Fort at Queixome yet Freyre carried on his Work and assisted the Arabs that continued firm to us When Freyre was somewhat streightned the two Captains that came with the Galleons to his assistance from Goa left him 13. This Year sailed from Lisbon for India 4 Ships under the Command of Nunno Alvarez Botello There came also two Pinks one for Malaca the other for Moçambiqus and two Ships more under Iacome de Morales Sarmiento who was to be General at Moçambique during the War about the Mines of Monomotapa as if he were like to last as long as the War 14. The Ships that came from Portugal under the Command of Botello returned the next Year and with them two more built at Goa with the Men and Loadings of two others one left in India as unfit for the Voyage the other lost at Mombaça In one of these two Ships called the Conception was a Hermit who whilst they Winter'd at St. Helena stole away and being asked why he left the Company said He had rather stay in that desert Island than to go see the Misfortune that Ship would soon fall into Being come to the Island Tercera they found Orders there to make the Lat. of 39 Deg. where they would find D. Antony de Ataide Admiral of Portugal They obeyed but missing of him one Morning at the Mouth of Tagus they met 15 or 16 Sail of Turks Our Ship was ill manned had but few Guns and her Steeridge full of Bails 15. The Turks having powred in their broad-sides boarded the Ship killing 20 Portugueses of 140 that were in her most of them sick yet the Enemy receiving great damage entred with 400 Men who were all slain save 8 or 9 that
in Power would revenge the Affronts done to his Person but he carried himself with more moderation than was expected The Count thought of punishing Simon de Melo and Luis de Brito as the most guilty of the shameful loss of Ormuz Melo was fled over to the Moors and Brito in Prison this was Beheaded as was the other in Effigies 5. Gonçalo de Sequeira who was to have relieved Ormuz stayed with his Galleon at Mascate believing his Assistance necessary upon a Report that the Persians designed against that Place Hearing the Enemy fortified at Soar in Arabia he fitted out 7 Sail and coming before it expelled the Persians with much slaughter and not without loss because they defended it with more Valour than the Portuguezes had Ormuz Goncalo de Sequeyra remained there and again defeated the Enemy endeavouring to gain Mascate 8. The Dutch who had lain before the Bar of Goa being gone towards Triquilimale the Viceroy sent Constantine de Sa and Ruy Freyre with a Squadron to assist Sequeyra in the Sea of Ormuz They chased an English Ship which got away from them and returning to the Sea of Ormuz took two Ships of the Moors putting them all to the Sword 7. Three Galleots of Cochin defeated some Dutch and Pegu Ships at Paleacate D. Francis Mascarennas a Person of known Valour and Prudence was sent to Command at Macao to oppose the Hollanders and quiet the Disorders that were among the Citizens The Divisions among the Laity being made up there began others among the Clergy about the Government of that Cathedral for want of a Bishop 8. Three Ships three Galleons and two Pinks sailed from Lisbon for India One of the Ships returning home was lost at the mouth of Lisbon River the Men and some Goods saved another perished at Moçambique the third on the Island St. Helena part of her Loading being taken into the other Ships the rest fetched away from Brasil Two of the Galleons were also cast away at Moçambique and a Pink through the unskilfulness of the Pilot on the Coast of Arabia In these Vessels were 5000 Men whereof many died of Sickness besides what perished by Shipwrack 9. Now begins the Year 1624 famous for the Sufferings of Gativanda Queen of Dopoli at Xiras in Persia and Cruelty of the King Xa Abas But this having relation to the Religious of St. Augustin who laboured much in the conversion of Asia I will relate some Particulars of what they did in those Parts They resided at Ormuz where among many others the Heir of that Crown was converted and took their Habit by the Name of F. Hierome Iaete and afterwards Preached with much Zeal With him was Baptized D. Alfonso Nordim of the Blood Royal and his Sister Da. Philippa Morada 10. The Fathers preached also with success along the Skirts of Arabia Petrea When Ormuz was lost they went over to Baçora a City subject to the Turk below Babylon on the Borders of Arabia Felix with Orders from the Archbishop of Goa to endeavour chiefly the Reduction of the Armenian Schismaticks called Christians of St. Iohn in the Kingdom of Bombareca where F. Francis of the Presentation and F. Matthias an Englishman who died at Ormuz with a general Opinion of Sanctity had been before but with no success After them F. Nicholas de la Vega with the consent of the Turkish Bassa erected there a House and Chapel 11. F. Iohn de los Santos and F. Ioseph of the Presentation built a Church and Convent and many Schismaticks were reconciled to the Church The Bassa gave them Power over all the Christians Chaldeans Nestorians and Jews and many Chaldeans were Baptized Many Infidels Arabs Turks and Persians resorted to the Convent and some were converted In the City and the Neighbourhood there are about 70000 Inhabitants whereof about 5000 Christians of St. Iohn so called because they have a Tradition That their Forefathers were Baptized in the River Iordan by the Baptist. 12. The Portugueses after the loss of Ormuz setled their Trade in this City and founded a Seminary for Learning The Bassa very much countenanced the Religious and seeing a Christian Soldier in love with a Moorish Woman secured and delivered him up to them They sent him to Mascate she followed was baptized and married him He consented that a Girl should be taken from her Mother who seeing her go followed and both were reconciled to the Church 13. The first time Vespers were sung a Drum going about to gather the Christians all the Moors flocked thither in so much that the Cacizes said This was some particular Act of Divine Providence and cried The World must be at an end 14. These Religious first entred the Court of Ispahan in the time of King Sebastian afterwards 5 Armenian Bishops many Priests and a multitude of People submitted to the See of Rome The King offered the Fathers 2000 Ducats a Year which they refused lest it should be thought they went to enrich themselves not to plant Religion They were afterwards Imprisoned by the Moors ill Treated and sent to Xiras 100 Leagues distant The Governour of that Place sent them to the Convent with Fetters on their Feet and Yoaks on their Necks The Governour pretended the cause of their Imprisonment was That Ruy Freyre had secured three Moors at Ormuz and said They should be set at liberty if those were restored Brother Peter carried Advice hereof to Goa and the Moors were released 15. The Labours of these Fathers have been very succesful in Gorgistan or Georgia The first that undertook that Mission was F. William of St. Augustin who was well received by the Georgians but put to Death by the Sultan of Fabris and was buried by the Armenian Religious of the Order of St. Dominick 16. The King of Persia invading one of the Georgian Princes he sent his Mother called Gativanda to Treat with him who after giving an ambiguous Answer caused her on the way home to be apprehended and carried Prisoner to Xiras This Lady was kept in Prison 11 Years living always a most godly Life in Fasting and Penance her greatest Grief was to hear that some of the Captives of her Country wavered in the Faith 17. The Religious coming at that time to Xiras greatly comforted her The King of Persia being solicited to release Gativanda sent to advise her to turn Mahometan otherwise she must expect to endure the cruelest of Tortures She desiring a little time to recollect herself spent it in Prayer and that ended resolutely told the Officers They might fulfill their Orders They taking compassion endeavoured to perswade telling her The Torments would be insupportable and she replied The Delay was the most grievous Torture 18. Her Hands being tied the Executioners put on her Head a Copper Vessel made red hot and tore her Cheeks and Breasts with burning Pinchers Not a Sigh came from her till she was stripped to the Waste to have her Breasts cut off looking upon it more grievous
offered to Capitulate but no Conditions were allowed by the Besieger and therefore resolved to make use of the Portugueses to whom he had always been very just and serviceable But Man never remembers Favours received in Prosperity of those he sees in Adversity 6. The disconsolate King sent one Seixas to Cayero to offer if he would receive him his Family and Treasure into the four Ships under his Command he would give half the Treasure to the King of Portugal become his Vassal and pay such Tribute as should be agreed upon not doubting with the assistance of 2000 Portugueses who should be maintained at his own Expence to recover his Kingdom Caeyro consulted the principal Portugueses and in their presence asked of Seixas what the Treasure of Martavans was who affirmed he had not seen all but that of what he had two of our Ships might be loaded with Jewels and Gold and 4 or 5 of Silver The Portugueses envious of the great Fortune Cayero might make by accepting that Offer threatned to discover him to the King of Brama if he consented 7. The King of Martavam surprized at this refusal and seeing Seixas took his leave to fly the Danger that threatned the City gave him a pair of Bracelets excusing the smallness of the Gift and they were afterwards sold to the Governour of Narsinga for 80000 Ducats Then he resolved to fire the City and sallying with those few Men he had left die honourably among his Enemies But that night an Officer with 4000 Men dedeserted to the Enemy and discovered the Design The King thus betrayed Capitulated with the Enemy for his own and the Lives of his Wife and Children and leave to end his Days in Retirement This and more was granted easily because the Conquerour designed to perform no part of the Promise 8. From the City Gate to the King of Brama's Tent was a league distance all which way was a Lane of many thousand Musketiers of sundry Nations and next the Gate were posted the Portugueses The first came out was the Queen in a Chair her two Daughters and two Sons in two others About them 40 beautiful Ladies led by as many ancient ones encompassed with Talegrepos a sort of Religious Men among them habited like our Capuchins who prayed and comforted them Then came the King guarded by his Enemies seated on a small She-Elephant cloathed in black Velvet his Head Beard and Eye-brows shaved and a Rope about his Neck which moved even the Enemy to compassion 9. The unfortunate King seeing the Portugueses would not stir one foot till they were removed from that Post and that done went on Being come before the King of Brama he cast himself at his Feet but not being able to speak for Grief the Raolim of Mounay Talaypor Chief Priest of those Gentiles and esteemed a Saint made an Harangue in his behalf of force to have moved to Compassion any other but that obdurate King The miserable King his Queen Children and Ladies were secured The two following days were spent in removing the Treasure at which 1000 Men laboured and it amounted to 100 Millions of Gold The third day the Army had liberty to plunder which lasted four days and was valued 12 Millions Next the City was burnt wherein perished by Fire and Sword above 60000 Souls besides as many made Slaves 2000 Temples and 40000 Houses were laid even with the Ground There were in the Town 6000 Pieces of Cannon 100000 Quintals of Pepper and as much of other Spices 10. The morning that followed this Destruction there appeared on a Hill called Beydao 21 Gibbets with a strong Guard of Horse Thither was led the Queen with her Children and Ladies in all making 140 and were all hanged up by the Feet The King and 50 Men of great Quality were cast into the Sea with Stones about their Necks The Army seeing this Barbarity mutinied and the King was in great danger 11. He leaving People to Rebuild the ruined City returned to Pegu with the rest of his Army and among them Iohn Caeyro and his 700 Portugueses Of these four stayed at Martavam one of them was Iohn Falcam who in stead of assisting Fernan Mendez Pinto sent by Peter de Faria Commander of Malaca to confirm the Peace with the murdered King accused him to the Governour of the Town as an Enemy to the King of Brama The Governour seized Pinto's Vessel and in it Goods to the value of 100000 Ducats killed the Master and some others and sent the rest Prisoners to Pegu. This false Dealing was not new in Falcam for he had before forsaken the murdered King after being much honoured by him 12. The King of Brama who thought now to reap the Fruit of his Victories in Peace was alarmed by him of Siam who attempted to recover the Kingdom of Tangu which had been wrested from him In March 1546 he embarked 900000 Men on 12000 Vessels upon the River Ansedaa and passing out of it into that called Pichau Malacon in April came before the City Proâ—… The King hereof was dead and had left a Son to inherit but 13 Years of Age married to the King of Avaa's Daughter from whom he expected 60000 Men would come to his Assistance This moved the King to press the Siege hoping to gain the City before that Succour could come After 6 days the Queen offered to hold the Crown of him and pay what Tribute he should impose provided he would draw off from the City 13. The King insisted that the Queen should put herself into his hands with all her Treasure but she knowing how perfidious he was resolved to defend herself He gave several Assaults and by the Sword in them and a Plague that raged in the Army lost 80000 Men among which were 500 Portugueses 14. This way of Assault proving so pernicious he raised a Mount which overlooking the Town and being full of Cannon left no place of safety to the besieged but 5000 of them sallying destroyed the Mount killed 15000 of their Enemies carried off 80 Cannons and wounded the King who in a rage slew 2000 Portugueses that were upon the Guard as negligent of their Duty 15. About the end of August Xemin Melatay one of the four principal Men that commanded in the City treacherously gave him entrance and the Place was utterly subverted with Fire and Sword Two thousand Children cut in pieces were served as Food for the Elephants The Queen was publickly whipped and delivered up to the Lust of the Soldiers till she died The young King was tied to her dead Body and cast into the River the same was done with 300 Gentlemen after Stakes were drove through their Bodies 16. The Prince of Avaa marching to the relief of his Sister understood what had happened and meeting the Traytor Xemin that had betrayed her leading a great Power they came to a Battel in which all the Avaa's were slain to 800 having made an incredible slaughter of their Enemies The King
coming up fell upon those 800 and slew them all with the loss of 12000 of his Army and then beheaded the Traytor Xemin 17. After this Victory he went up the River Queytor with 60000 Men in 1000 Boats and coming to the Port of Avaa about the middle of October burnt above 2000 Vessels and some Villages with the loss of 8000 Men and among them 62 Portugueses He understood the City was defended by 20000 Moors 30000 of which People had at Meleytay slain 150000 of his Army and that the King of Siam was preparing to come to their Relief Upon this News he returned with speed to Prom and fortified himself whilst an Ambassador went to purchase Succours from the Emperor of Calaminam with rich Presents and the offer of certain Lands 18. The Empire of Calaminam is said to be 300 leagues in length and as much in breadth formerly divided into 27 Kingdoms all using the same Language beautified with many Cities and great Towns and very fruitful In it is to be found all that Asia produces The Metropolis is called Timpham seated on the River Pitui which is covered with multitudes of Boats It is girt by two strong and beautiful Walls contains 400000 Inhabitants the Buildings good especially some stately Palaces with fine Gardens in and about it are 2500 Temples belonging to 24 several Sects Some use bloody Sacrifices and some of the Priests abstain from Women but satisfie their Lust by such ways it were better they did not abstain The Women are well shaped fair and beautiful though beautiful they are chast two Qualifications seldom go together Their Habit suitable to their Quality not the Purse The great ones are served in Gold In their Law Suits O happy Country they use no Attorneys Sollicitors not Prâ—…ctors all Things are decided at one Hearing The Kingdom maintains 1700000 Soldiers 400000 of them Horse 6000 Elephants whereof the Emperor styles himself Lord by reason of their numerousness his Revenue is above 20 Millions There remain some footsteps of Christianity from ancient Times among them as that they believe the Blessed Trinity and make the sign of the Cross when they sneeze 19. This was the Empire of Calaminnam whither the King of Brama sent his Ambassador He being returned the King sent 150000 Men in 1300 Boats against the City Sebadii 130 leagues distant towards the North-East The General Chaunigrem having lost many Men in several Assaults raised two Mounts whence he did great harm in the City but the Besieged sallying killed at once 8000 another time 5000 of his Men. Let us a while leave the King of Brama's Affairs in this condition to see what was done at Siam in order to treat of them both together 20. The King of Cheammay after destroying 30000 Men that guarded the Frontiers besieged the City of Guitirvam belonging to the King of Siam who immediately gathered 500000 Men among which were 120 Portugueses much honoured by him This multitude was conveyed along the River in 3000 Boats and by Land marched 4000 Elephants and 200 Pieces of Cannon He found the Enemy had about 300000 Men and 2000 Boats The Siammite gave the Command of his Army to three Generals two Turks and one Portugues called Dominick Seixas At first the Siammite was worsted but recovering defeated his Enemy killing 130000 Men whereof almost 40000 were good Horse This Victory cost him 50000 but of the worst of his Army 21. This done he marched against the Queen of Guibem who had given the Enemy passage through her Country and entring the City Fumbacor spared neither Sex nor Age. The Queen being besieged in her Court of Guiror agreed to pay a Tribute of 60000 Ducats and gave her Son as Hostage Then he advanced towards the City Taysiram whither he thought the King of Chiammay was fled putting all to Fire and Sword only sparing the Women then Winter coming on returned home 22. Being come to his Court of Oiaa or Odiaz he was poisoned by the Queen then big with Child by one of her Servants but before he died caused his eldest Son then young to be declared King He left 30000 Ducats to the 120 Portugueses that served him and ordered they should pay no Duties in any of his Ports for 3 Years to come 23. The Adulterous Queen being near the time of her Delivery poisoned her lawful Son married her Servant and caused him to be proclaimed King But they enjoyed not the Crown long being both slain at a Feast on the second of February by the King of Cambodia and Oya Pansiloco with all their Adherents CHAP. V. Continues the Affairs of the Kings of Siam and Pegu. 1. THERE being no lawful Heir to the Kingdom of Siam Pretiel a Religious Talagrepo bastard Brother to the poisoned King was by common Consent received as such in the beginning of the Year 1549. The King of Brama or Pegu for it is the same seeing the Affairs of Siam in Consusion resolved to conquer that Kingdom He raised an Army of 800000 Men among which were 1000 Portugueses 40000 Horse 60000 Musqueteers 20000 Elephants 1000 Cannon drawn by as many Yoke of Oxen and Abadas and 1000 Waggons of Ammunition drawn by Bufaloes The Portugueses were commanded by Iames Suarez de Melo called the Gallego who came to India in the Year 1538 in 1542 was Pyrating about Moçambique in 1547 was at the Relief of Malaca and in 1549 being in the Service of this King was worth four Millions in Jewels and other things of value had a Pension of 200000 Ducats yearly and the Title of the King's-Brother was supream Governour of all his Dominions and General of his Army 2. The King marched with that prodigious multitude and after one repulse took the Fort of Tapuram defended by 2000 Siammites putting all to the Sword with the loss of 3000 of Men. By the way the City Iuvopisam surrendred and he sate down before Odiaa the Capital of Siam which seemed to make no account of that great Power Iames Suarez who commanded in chief surprized hereat gave an assault and lost 10000 Men. Another attempt was made with Elephants but with no better success 3. The King offered 500000 Ducats to have a Gate of the City delivered to him Oya Pasiloco who commanded in the Town understanding it opened a Gate and sent to tell him he might bring the Money for he was ready to receive it The Tyrant had no answer to make but continuing the Siege with vigour was forced to flacken upon the coming of the new King Five Months being spent with the loss of 150000 Men News was brought that Xemindoo a Man of great Parts had rebelled at Pegu and killed 15000 Men that opposed him As soon as this was known in the Camp 120000 Pegues deserted in hatred to that Foreign Ring that oppressed and to the Insolence of Iames Suarez who commanded them 4. Xemindoo was of the ancient Blood Royal of Pegu a great Preacher and esteemed a Saint He
and so the rest to others This done he entred the City in Triumph not that he desired it having begged they would suffer him to go alone and barefoot to prostrate himself before the Lord of Hosts and acknowledge this Victory was wholly his and not of the Portugueses but he was forced to submit to the Will and Intreaties of the City 13. The Streets were thronged with Men the Windows and tops of Houses with Women sprinkling sweet Waters and strewing Flowers upon our Hero The Musick could not be heard for the noise of Cannon and all the City was filled with Joy The like Demonstrations were afterwards in all our other Eastern Conquests 14. This done the Governor returned aboard having other Designs in hand Then came an Embassy from the King of Pera Tributary to him of Achem now defeated he offered to pay our Crown the Tribute he had till then paid the other and to deliver up great Riches left in his Custody belonging to that King and the General Laçamane D. Dierome de Silveyra was sent with 11 Ships to receive the Treasure and established the Peace which he performed and returned with all that had been promised It was applied to pay the Men and refit the Fleet. 15. The King of Pam came to congratulate the Victory and Nunno set out to meet him Great Civilities and presents passed between them and the King desired leave to see the City which was granted and whilst he was there nobly entertained the Magistrates and Officers went to visit his Mother a wise Woman and great lover of the Portugueses These Ceremonies performed Nunno resolved to sail towards the Streight of Cingapura to secure the Ships that were expected from China against the Hollanders The King kept him Company a little way and they parted on the 11th of December Nunno earnestly recommending to him the taking of Laçamane who was fled into the Woods and the King promising his utmost endeavours after which they steered several Courses CHAP. VII Continues the Exploits of the Governor and General Nunno Alvarez Botello 1. ABout the middle of Ianuary Nunno Alvarez Botello being about Romania there were brought Prisoners to him Laçamane and two other Officers one of them the first Lord of Achem. Such was the diligence used by the King of Pam. Our Governor received them honourably and Laçamane being before him nothing daunted said Behold here Laçamane the first time overcome and Prisoner but two things concur to make my Misfortune more tolerable one That I am overcome by you another That Obedience to my King contrary to my own advice has brought me into this Condition Nunno replied Malaca is beholding to you for the advice you gave your Prince and I for your Obedience to him 2. Nunno Alvarez by reason of the contrary Winds could not come up with five Holland Ships that were about Pulolaor and took one of our Galliots coming from China the Men getting ashore He returned to Malaca to refit his Ships and resolved to attempt the Fort of Iacatara the best those Rebels possest in Asia But first he sent Antony de Sousa Coutinno with Laçamane's Admiral Galley called The Terror of the World in which he was Prisoner in order to be sent to Spain the Galley went of a Present to the City Goa This Galley carried one Gun of Tambaca a precious sort of Metal which was valued at above 7000 Ducats another much more for its curious Workmanship Laçamane died before he could be brought to Portugal 3. Nunno understanding the new Viceroy the Count de Linnares was arrived at Goa in October gave him an account of what had been done and desired assistance and his approbation to continue in those Parts in order to carry on his Designs against the English and Dutch About the end of April the Viceroy sent all he desired and much more which was a full Power to act as Governour without being obliged to expect any Orders from Goa 4. Mean while Nunno sailed with 2â—… Ships towards the Streight of Cingapura Putting in at Iambe a Place abounding in Pepper and therefore much resorted to by our European Enemies after a stout opposition he took two large Ships the least whereof with the Prisoners was sent to Malaca Then sailing up the River he discovered another Ship so large and beautiful he designed it to make his entrance into Goa but a Bullet falling into the Powder blew her up Passing farther up several of the Men seeing the Water cool and clear and not knowing its venomous quality drank of it and died 5. They spent 22 days going up the River with much trouble About two leagues from them was the Town where the Hollanders had two Ships under shelter and our Admiral was desirous to take them He manned 14 light Vessels to go view the Place and Works 26 Sail of the Natives and Dutch met him and were put to flight 6. Having viewed the Works and found it not practicable to attempt the two Ships by reason of the shelter they were under he destroyed all the Neighbouring Places with Fire and Sword then sailed down the River designing for Iacatara By the way he discovered a Dutch Ship of 24 Guns laden with Powder for their Forts Our Vessels beset and boarded her and she took fire 7. Nunno understanding the Danger ordered his Ships to draw off lest the Enemy's blowing up some of them might be lost with it Finding D. Antony Mascarennas did not bear away from her he made to him with his Galliot to bring him off but coming about the Poop of the Enemies Ship she blew up and sunk his Galliot downright All our Vessels made to that place and of all that was in the Galliot they found nothing above Water but the Body of Nunno Alvarez as yet with some life which soon fled 8. Every body was astonished at this unfortunate Accident the Body was opened to be embalmed and his Heart was found to be of an extraordinary bigness At Malaca the Body was received with a general Lamentation of the whole City and honourably buried in the Church of the Jesuits 9. Nunno Alvarez was well shaped of a clear Complexion his Hair yellow somewhat tall and Limbed proportionably his Srength and Valour equal his Countenance pleasing and grave He was virtuously inclined addicted to Learning chiefly Poetry very Liberal and not known to be addicted to any Vice 10. The News of his Exploits and Death being brought together to King Philip the Fourth he writ with his own Hand as follows Considering the two Pinks that were fitting for India may be gone without an account of my Concern for the Death of Nunno Alvarez Botello an Express shall immediately be sent by Land with Advice That if I were not now in Mourning for my Aunt the Queen of Poland I would wear it for him I create his Son an Earl and allow his Wife the Honours of a Countess and the Profits of the Fort of Mocambique to pay her Debts and
whatever she has belonging to the Crown for ever the Revenues of Military Orders she is possessed of for four Lives after her with 1500 Ducats Pension from others and 1000 more during her Life And if the Kingdom were in a better condition I would bestow a great Estate on her Nunno Alvarez was the 49th Governour and D. Laurence de Cunna may be reckoned the 50th CHAP. VIII The Government of the Viceroy D. Michael de Noronna Count De Linnares from the Year 1629 till 1635. 1. THis Year sailed from Lisbon D. Michael de Noronna Count de Linnares Viceroy of India with three Ships and six Galleons One of them was cast away near the Cape of Good Hope and not a Man of 400 that were aboard saved 2. When the Count arrived at Goa Nunno Alvarez Botello was gone for Malaca and all Men promised themselves good success when about the beginning of the Year came the News of the Victory by him obtained The Viceroy returned Thanks to the King of Pam for the Succours he carried to Malaca and sent him Presents In the same manner he endeavoured to oblige the Neighbouring Kings and honoured the Admiral Antony Pinto de Fonseca for his good Service 3. Constantine de Sa who Commanded in Ceylon puffed up with the Honour of having destroyed the City Candea and relying too much upon the Fidelity of the Christian Chingala's who underhand held Correspondence with that King for our Destruction gave too much Credit to Theodosius their Captain by whom his Head was promised to the King at the same time he promised D. Constantin to deliver the King into his hands D. Constantin had more faith in that Traytor than in the Franciscan who being among the Enemy sent him intelligence or in his own Officers who foresaw his Ruin which soon followed 4. He marched from Columbo leaving that Fort with almost no Garison entred the Kingdom of Uva with 400 Portugueses and destroyed the Capital City As he returned after this Victory the King of Candea who had left that Town as a Bait to draw him on meets him with a great Power D. Theodosius and his Chingala's no sooner discovered the King's Forces but they went over to him and faced the Portugueses whom they served the moment before 5. The 400 Portugueses and 200 Natives that remained with them fought three days with incredible bravery The General D. Constantin having done more than Man was slain and then his Men being broke many were put to the Sword and many made Prisoners The King of Candea understanding how weak the Garison of Columbo was sate down before it with 50000 Men and a number of Elephants believing the Natives had as was agreed murdered those few Portugueses left there But they seeing farther than their General had destroyed those were to kill them and so the King was disappointed The Death of D. Constantin being known Lancelot de Seixas succeeded him in the Command and being in that Distress did more than could have been expected from so small a Force 6. He distributed 400 Men which was his whole Strength including the Religious among the most important Posts who behaved themselves so well the King found he had a harder Task in hand than at first he had imagined But Hunger was a more dangerous Enemy within the Walls than the other without This was much increased by the useless multitude of Women and Children notwithstanding D. Philip Mascarennas Commander of Cochin sent a Ship loaden with Provision and Ammunition to their Relief D. Blas de Castro five from St. Thomas and the Viceroy one Yet all their Hope was in Nunno Alvarez Botello not knowing as yet of his unfortunate End 7. The Inhabitants of Cambolim à Peninsula 40 leagues from Goa and in sight of Cananor offered the Viceroy leave to build a Fort there upon certain Conditions Iames de Fonseca Commander of Zofala was sent to carry on that Work Being begun it was interrupted by Virabadar Hayque the Usurper of the Kingdom of Canara After much opposition finding it could not be obstructed he made a Virtue of Necessity and seemed to be well satisfied it should go on The principal Article of the Cambolims was That no Religious but those of St. Francis should be sent thither At this time arrived at Goa two Ships from Portugal one of them returning was lost upon the Bar of Lisbon 8. It is doubtless those who are destined to perish unfortunately meet their Fate even where they thought to find their safety this will appear by the loss of the Ship St. Gonzalo some of the Men whereof being taken up by that mentioned in the last Paragraph were cast away in her I will therefore give some account of the loss of the said Ship St. Gonzalo in relation to the other This Vessel having set out from Goa with two others finding after being parted from her Company that she could not be kept above Water they made the shore and came to an Anchor in the Bay called Formosa for its largeness being 3 leagues over exposed to no Winds but the East North-East and South-East and lies near the Cape of Good Hope 9. Being come to anchor they ought whilst the Weather favoured to have landed the Men and Goods that were not before cast overboard but in stead of that at the persuasion of some Officers they attempted to suck the Ship dry in order to sail again Three Men were let down one after another to clear the Pump and returned not then a fourth being put down with a Rope about him and brought up almost dead it appeared the Steam of the Pepper which had taken wet killed them 10. In order to refit the Ship 100 Men landed and 130 remained aboard who after 50 days perished together with the Ship by a sudden Storm being beaten to pieces upon the Coast. The 100 Men left ashore built Huts because it would be long before they could find the means of going to Sea which were only by building two small Vessels out of the Wreck and the Trees on the Mountain The Captain being old and sick gave the Men leave to choose another and they pitched upon Rocque Borges who behaved himself well but one Simon de Figueyredo in that misery ambitious of Command endeavouring to kill him missed his Design yet grievously wounded him but Borges recovering stabbed him and all was quiet again 11. They sowed some Seeds and reaped the Fruit mean while they lived upon Rice that had been saved some Fish taken and Cows and Sheep they bought of the Natives for Iron The Language of these Natives could not be understood therefore they had recourse to Signs They are not quite black go naked cover their Privy Parts with a Skin in Winter wear Cloaks of the same about their Necks hang Bulls Pizles their Bodies anointed with the Dung of those Beasts they make sudden stops in their Speech carry Fox tails in their Hands to make Signs with have
the King of Mombaça saw the Coast clear he made use of his own and our two Ships left there to get away He imbarqued all the Artillery razed the Fort and City destroyed all Fruit-trees and then sailed with his Treasure some Moors and some Native Christians to the Coast of Arabia That Place lay 2 Months desolate before any of our People knew it and might have been so much longer had not some Moors advertised Peter Rodriguez Botello who was at Zanzibar and immediately went over to Mombaça where beginning to build he found 5 or 6 Servants of Portugueses that had lain hid in the Woods when that Destruction happened 15. Mean while at Goa the Viceroy was accused for sending D. Francis de Mourâ—… upon that Expedition and he for want of Conduct and coming away too soon The Viceroy excused himself and put the other upon his Tryal desiring Toral to take the Guilt upon himself by saying he had voted for coming away which he refused and was 2 Months in Prison without any cause shown At last he was released to accompany D. Roderick de Costa who towards the end of this Year was going to discover certain Islands but meeting two Dutch Ships about Damam had his Head struck off by a Cannon Ball the first Charge so the Fleet returned without doing any thing D. Francis de Moura was cleared of that Impeachment being honoured at Madrid 16. The Hollanders lying at Pulolaor intercepted most of our China Fleet which enabled them to relieve all their Forts and Factories This great Booty cost them no Blood because we had no fighting Ships on that Sea all being imployed at Mombaça and Ceylon 17. The Persecution of the Christians continued at Iapan but there were hopes it would cease the Emperor lying very ill In China they were alarmed by the Tartars Nababo Azafacan Father-in-Law to King Corran with the Army of the Mogol besieged Visapor and some time after drew off with great loss sustained by Want and Sickness The Mogol so highly resented this Misfortune that he removed Nababo though his Favourite and preferred to that place Mobatecan his Enemy a Man of great Repute among the Soldiers Thus ended this Year much dreaded in India without any known reason every Body saying before it came Ob that the Year 32 were past CHAP. XI Of the Recovery of Ceylon during the Government of the Viceroy the Count de Linnares 1. AFter the Natives had left but a small part of the Island Ceylon in our Possession the Kings of Matale Uva and Candea with 20000 Men came to Besiege Columbo the chief Place then in our hands The Besieged were reduced to that Extremity it is said they eat the Dead and some Mothers their own Children Then came in five Ships sent by the Viceroy rather to take up the Cinnamon was to be sent to Portugal than relieve the Place But the Besiegers thinking it was Relief raised the Siege D. Philip de Mascarennas went over from Cochin to Ceylon with a Pink loaden with Provisions and well manned at his own expence which was a great help to that Place 2. The Viceroy gave the Command of General of Ceylon to D. George de Almeyda who set out on the 19th of February 1631 in the great Galley taken by Nunno Alvarez Botello when he destroyed the Fleet of Achem This Vessel tho' large being not sound enough to endure any Storm might rise a Flyboat that went loaded with Provisions was ordered to keep close always with D. George which soon left him and was the cause that many perished 3. The Galley having coasted as far as Cape Comori and then striking over to Ceylon a Storm arose and it appeared impossible to save her D. George perceiving she must perish launched the Boat and got into it with 29 Persons whereof 4 were Religious This was done so late and with such precipitation that there was not in the Boat Provision for one meal The Night was spent in lading out the Water the Sea and Rain brought into the Boat In the Morning discovering a Sail at a distance tho' D. George assured them in 3 or 4 Days he would bring them to Maldivia they made towards it and coming near found it was their own Galley then sinking 4. With much trouble on the 4th Day they reached one of the Maldivia Islands about evening This was at a time that the Natives keep a Fast of 30 Days during which time they eat nothing between Sun and Sun and do nothing but gormandise all the Night Here D. George stayed 30 days spending what he had got to maintain his Men and got some Shipping to go over to the Coast of India The Men made a sort of Habitation but D. George lay in his Boat to be always the readier against the Moors who kept them always upon their Guard There was a vast number of Mosquitoes or Gnats that made the Blood run where they stung next followed a Sickness which none were free from and was cured by Bleeding two died of it one a Franciscan The King of the Islands writ to D. George condoling his Misfortunes and sending him a parcel of Rice 5. Being provided with all Necessaries they sailed to Cochim where D. George lay sick a long time When he was somewhat recovered there came to that Port 2 Pinks sent by the Viceroy to the Relief of Ceylon with 500 Cafres 800 Canaraes some Portugueses 40000 Xerasins which are worth about a piece of Eight each Provisions and Ammunition D. George embaâ—…qued with them having raised some more Men sailed from Cochim on the 17th of October and arrived at Columbo the 21th He marched not presently towards the Enemy though censured upon that account by reason the Season being wet that Country which is for the most part plain is boggy and overflowed Besides the Trees are full of Leeches which drop down upon Men as they pass and bleed them to Death 6. The Season being somewhat more favourable D. George marched on the 5th Day of Ianuary 1632 and passed the River Calane towards the North. Six Ships were ordered to go up the River with several Pieces of Cannon but only two could perform it The first day they could march but one League and quartered at Calane Next Morning having heard Mass they marched with great difficulty by reason of the Bogs and Waters through which they waded up to the Breast Besides the Enemies Musketiers endeavoured to hinder our Passage about the Fort called Tranqueyragrande but many of them were slain our General giving 3 or 4 Pistols for every Head that was brought him This Pass being cleared they advanced to another where the Enemy appeared again Our General went himself to view it and returning disposed his Men to attack those Works in which were almost 6000 Men. It was done with such fury that many of the Enemy being killed the rest fled firing all they left behind Our Army advanced to Maluana where they found only 3
Count de Linarez with 9 Sail two lost 1629 165. D. George de Almeyda with 2 Sail one lost 1630 166. Antony de Saldana with 2 Ships both put back by Weather Fr. Vas de Almada with 2 Sail. 1631 167. Ios. Pinto Pereyra with 7 Sail. 1632 168. Antony de Saldana with 5 Sail. 1633 169. Hier. de Saldana with 3 Sail. 1634 170. Peter de Silva with 2 Sail one lost Gonzalo de Barros Silva with two 1635 171. Iohn de Melo with 2 Sail. 1636 172. Iohn Suarez Vivas with 2 Sail. 1637 173. I. de Sequeyra Varejam with 4 Sail. 1638 These are all the Ships there is any account of that sailed from Lisbon to discover and after for India since the Year 1412 when Prince Henry first attempted finding the way to India by Sea The Viceroy and Governors of India from the first Discovery till the Year 1640. 1. DON Francis de Almeyda first Viceroy and Governor Year 1505 2. Alfonso de Albuquerque second Governor 1509 3. Lope Soarez de Albergaria third Governor 1515 4. Iames Lopez de Sequeyra 4th Governor 1518 5. D. Duarte de Meneses 5th Governor 1522 6. D. Vasco de Gama Count de Vidigueyra 2d Viceroy and 6th Governor 1524 7. D. Henry de Meneses 7th Governor 1527 8. Peter Mascarennas 8th Governor 1529 9. Lope Vaz de Sampayo 9th Governor 1529 10. Nuno de Cunna 10th Governor 1529 11. D. Garcia de Noronna 3d Viceroy and 11th Governor 1538 12. D. Stephen de Gama 12th Governor 1540 13. Martin Alfonso de Sousa 13th Governor 1542 14. D. Iohn de Castro 4th Viceroy and 14th Governor 1543 15. Garcia de Sa 15th Governor 1549 16. George Cabral 16th Governor 154â—… 17. D. Alonso de Noronna 5th Viceroy and 17th Governor 1550 18. D. Peter Mascarennas 6th Viceroy and 18th Governor Year 1554 19. Francis Barreto 19 Governor 1555 20. D. Constantin de Bragança 7th Viceroy and 20th Governor 1558 21. D. Francis Coutinno Count de Redondo 8th Viceroy and 21th Governor 1561 22. Iohn de Mendoça 22 Governor 1564 23. D. Antony de Noronna 9th Viceroy and 23d Governor 1564 24. D. Luis de Ataide 10th Viceroy and 24th Governor 1567 25. D. Antony de Noronna 11th Viceroy and 25th Governor 1571 26. Antony Monez Barreto 26 Gov. 1573 27. D. Laurence de Tavora 12th Viceroy and 27th Governor 1576 28. D. Iames de Meneses 28 Gover. 1576 29. D. Luis de Ataide Count de Atouguia the second time 13 Vicer and 29 Gov. 1578 30. Ferdinand Tellez de Meneses 30th Governor 1581 31. D. Francis Mascarennas Count de Santa Cruz 14 Viceroy and 31 Governor 1581 32. D. Duarte de Meneses 15th Viceroy and 32th Governor 1584 33. Emanuel de Sousa Coutinno 33 Gov. 1588 34. Mathias de Albuquerque 16th Viceroy and 34th Governor 1691 35. D. Francis de Gama Count de Vidigueyra 17th Viceroy and 35th Governor 1597 36. Ayres de Saldanna 18th Viceroy and 36 Governor 1600 37. Martin Alfonso de Castro 19th Viceroy and 37th Governor 1604 38. D. F. Alexius de Meneses Archbishop of Goa 38th Governor 1607 39. D. Iohn Pereyra Count de Feyra 20th Viceroy and 39th Governor 1608 40. Andrew Furtado de Mendoça 40th Governor 1609 41. Ruy Lorenco de Tavora 21th Viceroy and 41st Governor 1609 42. D. Hierome de Azevedo 22th Viceroy and 42th Governor 1613 43. D. Iohn Coutinno Count de Redondo 23th Viceroy and 33th Governor 1617 44. Ferdinand de Albuquerque 44 Gov. 1619 45. D. Alfonso de Noronna 24th Viceroy and 45th Governor 1621 46. D. Francis de Gama Count de Vidigueyra the 2d time 25 Viceroy 46 Governor 1622 47. D. Luis de Brito Bishop of Cochim 47th Governor 1628 48. D. Francis Mascarennas 26 Viceroy 48 Governor 1628 49. Nunno Alvarez Botello 49 Gov. 1628 50 D. Michael de Noronna Count de Linnares 27 Viceroy 50 Governor 1629 51. Peter de Silva 28th Viceroy 51th Governor 1635 52. Antony Tellez de Silva 52 Gov. 1639 53. Iohn de Silva Tello 29 Viceroy 53 Governor 1640 Books in Print and Manuscripts out of which the Portugues Asia was Collected BOOKS in Print 1. EIght Volumes of the Affairs of India by Ferdinand Lopez de Castanneda who went into India only to examine into he Truth of what he writ His Stile nor Geography are not commendable but he has many curious though tedious Remarks It has been translated into French and Italian and I suppose some other Languages 2. Four Decades of the great Iohn de Barros who though posterior to Castanneda as to time is preferable to all for Judgment and is particularly esteemed for his Geography 3. Four other Decades of Iames de Couto Historiographer of India from the 4th to the 7th for he began at the 4th for then that of Iohn de Barros was not publick 4. Commentaries of the Actions of the great Alfonso de Albuquerque writ by his Son of the same Name 5. Antony Pinto Pereyra his Chronicle of D Luis de Atayde the famous Viceroy and Supporter of India writ in the Days of King Sebastian 6. Ferdinand Mendez Pinto his Indian History writ at the same time as the last Many make a doubt of Truth of what he writes and as many who have travelled those Parts affirm he might with truth have writ much more no less incredible to our apprehension I look upon him as a very true Historian for many Reasons Yet supposing he is not it is in things wholly omitted by me 7. The Bishop D. Hierome Osorio wrote the History of India in Latin which beyond dispute is the best Work of that Nature next to Titus Livius As to his Latin all Men grant him to be the best Ciaeronian His method is singular his Judgment piercing his Reflections sharp his Ornament majestick In fine he is accomplished in all Points 8. Mafeus is well known and very pleasant he did little but Epitomizing the Decades of Iohn de Barros as to the Substance of the History 9. F. Antony de S. Roman did little more than Translate Mafeus but not with Elegancy equal to him the Translation there is of him in Italian is better 10. Iohn de Lucena a Jesuit in the Life of S. Francis Xaverius brings in many Particulars of the Indian History He sticks not to the Rules of History but in his way of Writing deserves esteem for his Judgment Elegancy and way of Reasoning 11. Antony Galvam who was Commander of Ternate writ much concerning India and particularly of the Affairs of those Islands which has not been Printed or is extant at least it has not come to my Hands I only saw the Books he calls of Discoveries which is only short hints of things 12. Dr. Garcia Dorta of the Drugs and Medicinal Plants of Asia 13. A Collection of several small Books by several Authors giving an Account of many Shipwrecks that happen'd whereof we make mention in their Places 14. Several Relations particularly of the Jesuits 15. My own Book of
to her Father at such time as great Rewards were proposed to such as should discover him The Father-in-Law delivered him up to the King who cut off his Head 12. The King not throughly satisfied with the People of Pegu built not far from it another great and strong City Then he marched with an Army of 1600000 Men and over-run many Neighbouring Kingdoms But another Rebellion breaking out at Pegu the Queen was forced to fly to the Castle chiefly relying upon 39 Portugueses who defended her till the King came and vanquished the Rebels Then the King sent an Officer to bring those Men who had defended the Queen to his presence He brought him some Moors of Note but the King knowing the Portugueses were the Men said in Anger I sent you for Men and you bring me Cowards Go bring me Men. The Portugueses being brought he bid them ask whatever Reward they would and they with the Surprize doubting the King loaded them with Riches Praises and Honours 13. Now were the Inhabitants of the City Chincheo the second Portugues Colony in China in a flourishing condition and seemed to have forgot the sad Fate of Liampo destroyed through their Wickedness and Avarice Ayres Coello de Sousa came thither to be Judge of the Orphans and Proveditor for the Dead his Intention being to rob the Living and Dead his Countrymen and Strangers He committed many Villanies to lay hold of 12000 Ducats belonging to an Armenian Christian who died there and 8000 more of some Chinese Merchants upon pretence they belonged to the dead Man These and other Insolencies provoked the Chineses to do as they had done at Liampo to wit to raze the Town and destroy all the Inhabitants Only Thirty escaped of Five hundred Portugueses that lived there These and some others they gathered went over to the Island Lampazau and afterwards in the Year 1557 obtained of the Chineses that of Gaoxam where they built the City now called Macao as shall be seen in its place 14. Our Governour studying some Means to relieve the great Wants of the Souldiers was suddenly snatched away by Death about the beginning of Iuly He was much regretted for his Prudence Affability and Integrity for being Seventy years of Age and having born considerable Offices he was forced to give all he had to Match two Daughters and yet the best part of their Portions was their Beauty and that He was their Father He had a graceful Presence a comly Countenance always Smiling without lessening his Gravity For it is not necessary to be like a Statue to appear like a God He was of the first Quality of his Country His Beard very white and full falling upon his Breast Governed a Year and a Month and was the 15th in that Rank the second of the Name and first of the Sirname CHAP. VII The Government of George Cabral from the Year 1549 till the Year 1550 in the Reign of King JOHN the Third 1. THE Patents of Succession being opened there was found in the first George Cabral a Gentleman by Birth and of known Worth who not long before was gone to take possession of the Command of Baçaim He received the News with small signs of Joy an ill token for him that expected the Recompence of carrying it But he being a generous Man did not lessen the Reward It was not want of desire to Govern that made him dissatisfied but that he feared another coming soon from Portugal to succeed him he should lose the great Advantages he might have made of the Command he was in and which he was to hold four Years With him was his Wife D. Lucretia Fiallo who had double Pretensions to be vain as a Woman and as a Beauty and had now a third in the News of being Wife to the Governour of India so she laughed to see her Husband doubt whether he should receive what was offered 2. Cabral revolved a thousand Thoughts with himself not knowing whether to admit or refuse the Government and these Cares so disturbed him that he could not Rest at Night His Wife finding him so dubious and fearing to be disappointed of the Pride of sitting though never so short a time in the Throne of India took him one Night to task and using all Arts of an ambitious Womans Tongue and the Allurements of that place prevailed with him to lay aside all Doubt and accept of the Honour offered which he had seemed averse to and which she so ardently desired 3. He admired her efficacy in Persuading no less powerful in the beauty of her Language than that of her Person Though he always thought her a Woman of Sense for Beauty and Folly are not always inseparable yet he could not but conclude the desire of Greatness is a great matter of Eloquence Who could resist a resolute Beauty Had it been to draw on Mankind another Universal sin he must have been an Adam to that Eve much more to accept of a Command for which he was sufficiently qualified In fine The New Governour sailed to Goa in this only Governed by his Wife for India might vie with her in the desire of seeing him possess that Throne many years For Cabral deserved to have been long continued in that Post and India was obliged to his Wife for the short time he held it Women are not always hurtful But in those days there were some Beautiful and Gay without being quite Mad. 4. At our Governours coming from Cochin there was not a right Understanding between that King and him because he ordered Francis de Silva to attemp to Plunder the Pagod of Palurte which was disappointed and he lost three Portugueses and the Loss had been greater but that the King was then absent This was the Cause that three Ships set out for Portugal late and ill Laden Now came the News That above 100 Sail were fitting out at Suez to transport Turks into India The Governour applied himself to provide for such a Storm he acquainted the Chief of our Towns Goa offered much Chaul 30 Sail Bazaim 20. Whilst these Preparations were making F. Antony Criminal an Italian Jesuit preaching at Cape Comori received the Crown of Martyrdom at the hands of a multitude of the King of Bisnagar's Subjects who assaulted him as he Preached He was run through with three Lances and then his Head cut off King Iohn was so mightily delighted with this Exploit that he immediately sent Advice to Baltasar de Faria his Embassadour at Rome to communicate it to the Pope who received it with due applause CHAP. VIII Continues the Government of George Cabral 1. ZAmori and the King of Pimienta were joyned in a League against him of Cochin which threatned that State with dangerous consequences The Governour set out to prevent them with a Fleet of 90 Sail but returned to Goa without doing any thing because the Season was unfit He only consulted with the King of Cochin about the manner of carrying on the War
takes the Field he has in a readiness almost 300000 Men 10000 Elephants and other Beasts of burthen 6. About this time Fernan Perez de Andrade sent by the King to several discoveries sailing towards the Bay of Bengala arrived at Pacem the Metropolis of one of the Kingdoms of Sumatra where he found Portugueses trading and was well received of that King Here he lost his biggest Ship burnt by a Candle carelessly set up and was thereby obliged to return to Malaca sending away Iohn Coello in a Ship of Bengala to expect him there with what Intelligence he could get till he returned from Malaca Hence Coello set out with fresh Instructions for China and met with furious Storms and other Dangers On the Coast of Champa taking in fresh Water had like to cost him his Life At Patane he established Peace and Commerce with the Governour the same at other places and thus spent the Winter without reaching China He returned to Malaca and refitted himselâ—… for his Voyage to which he now sets out with eight Ships 7. The Empire of China is the most Eastern part of Asia as Spain the most Western of Europe Opposite to it is the Island Hainan as that of Cadiz to Spain It is almost as big as all Europe Divided from Tartary by a wonderful Wall running from East to West above 200 Leagues and ends at a vast Mountain that like a Promontory is washed by the Eastern Sea This large Empire is divided into fifteen Provinces or Governments Along the Coast Quantung Fokien Chekiang Nanking Xantung Leaotung The inland Queicheu Iunnan Quangsi Suchuen Huquang Xensi Kiangsi Honan and Xansi in which are 244 Cities Its Riches are prodigious its Government to be admired above all others They say they have two Eyes Europe one and all the rest of the World is blind They had Printing and Cannon long before us The City Quantung which is the Chief on the Coast is remarkable for its Greatness Strength of its Wall and resort of Strangers most Merchants 8. Fernan Perez arriving here after some dangers and difficulties had a conference with the thâ—…ee Governours of this City and sent to them one Thomas Perez with an Embassy and Present from our King to theirs to be sent forward to him He setled a Peace with that City and traded in it and the neighbouring Parts and then sailed for Malaca having received advice of the dangerous condition it was in by reason of the War with the King of Bintam and the Discord between the Portugueses 9. Fernan Perez loaded with Riches Ammunition and good Success in China was no less welcome at Malaca than D. Alexius de Meneses had been not long before What followed shall be seen hereafter Now let us turn to behold Iames Lopez de Sequeyra newly possess'd of the Government Lope Soarez de Albergaria was the third Governour He was a comly Man very red hair he is pictured with crimson Breeches and Doublet and black Coat lined with the same his Armour white adorned with Gold CHAP. III. From the Year 1518 tell the Year 1520 ending the Government of Lope Soarez de Albergaria and beginning that of James Lopez de Sequeira King Emanuel still reigning 1. ABout the end of March sailed from Lisbâ—… 〈◊〉 Ships bound for India with 1500 fighting Men all under the command of Iames Lopez de Sequeyra to whom the King gave the Government of India as a reward of his good Service in Africk his discovery of Malaca and worthy Qualities At the Cape of Good Hope one Ship was in danger of perishing by means of a great Fish which running against her stuck the length of two spans of a long Beak it has into her side this was afterwards found to be the Fish called the Needle Lope Soarez presently resigned the Government to Iames Lopez and set Sail for Portugal with nine Ships Sequeyra began to act D. Alonso de Meneses was sent against Baticala because it refused to pay Iohn Gomez went for Maldivia where he was to command and build a Fort. These things dispatched at Cochin Iames Lopez went away to Goa whence he dispatched others Anthony de Saldana to the Coast of Arabia and Simon de Andrade to China 2. The King of Bintam who had treacherously concluded a Peace only that D. Alexius Meneses and Fernan Perez might depart for Cochin as soon as they were gone attacked Malaca with 1500 Men and many Elephants and with 60 Vessels by Sea In the City were only 200 many sick and most unprovided But this surprize cured many of their Feavers and all Men running to oppose the danger on both sides there was a sharp engagement for the space of three hours with great loss to the Enemy and some on our side Twenty days the King lay before the Town and then retired having lost 330 Men of ours 18 were killed Then he lay to hinder the bringing of Provisions till the Governour sent relief and the Portugueses perceiving the damage they received from the Fort of Muar whence Sansotea Raja made inroads they resolved to gain it and accordingly gave the assault and after a vigorous resistance entered having killed most of the Defendants which were 800 Moors and then burnt it after securing the spoil in which were 300 Cannons some of Brass Thus Malaca was for a long time delivered of a dangerous Enemy 3. The King of Bintam still persisting in his resolution of taking Malaca the Inhabitants were reduced to great extremity having but few Men many of them sick and their Commander Alfonso Lopez ready to die He delivered the City from this last danger by resigning his command to Garcia de Sa who was newly arrived with 60 Men. Nothing of note happened at this time only that Iames Pacheco going with two Ships in search of the Island of Gold was lost and most of his Men. 4. Now arrived at Malaca Anthony Correa who came from the City Martavan where he had been concluding a Peace with the King of Pegu at the swearing of the Peace assisted with the King's Ministers the Priests of both Nations Catholick and Gentiles The Heathen was called the Great Raulim who after the Capitulations made in the Golden Mine as is the Custom of those People were publickly read began to read in a Book and then taking some yellow Paper a colour dedicated to their holy uses with some sweet Leaves of Trees whereon were certain Characters set Fire to it all and then taking the Hands of the King's Minister and holding them over the ashes said some words which rendred the Oath inviolable Anthony Correa to answer this Solemnity ordered his Priest to put on a Surplice and bring his Breviary which was so tottered and torn that it was scandalous those Heathens should see how little respect was paid to our sacred Books Correa observing this ordered to be brought instead of it a Book of Church-Musick which was more creditable being bigger and better bound and opening
Mogol at the time when Babor Paxiath great Grandson to Tamerlane the Great reigned among them 4. Omaum Son of Babor now broke with Badur King of Cambaya who to begin the War sent twenty thousand Horse and a multitude of Foot upon his Enemies Frontiers Here it may appear that Ingratitude never escapes unpunished The Queen Crementii who had saved Badur's Life and in return was by him deprived of her Liberty and Kingdom of Chitor now revenged her self on him after this manner He by his Embassadors required her to send him her Son with what Men she could to serve against the Mogol The Queen desired he would restore her other Son whom he kept as an Hostage that she might not be deprived of both and that the mean while she would raise the Forces Badur not diving into her Design sent him and she immediately put her self into the protection of the Mogol Badur enraged at this Action gathered one hundred thousand Horse four hundred and fifteen thousand Foot a thousand Cannon many of great Bulk six hundred armed Elephants and six thousand Carriages This multitude marched in great order and was abundantly supplyed with all things 5. He besieged the City Chitor and battered it furiously but tho the besieged received great damage they did him much more Badur now raging received the News that the Mogols had slain twenty thousand of the Men he sent to ravage their Country He vented his passion upon the City and at last more by policy than strength became Master of it having lost fifteen thousand Men among them four Portugueses The Queen with the choice of her Riches fled Badur used no Cruelty towards the City but repaired it against future dangers leaving Minaâ—… Hozem to command in it with twelve thousand Men. Then he marched towards his Enemy who advanced victorious through the Kingdom of Mandou in order to relieve Chitor and being now informed it was in possession of Badur and that he was intrenched about Doçor Omaum marched thither and encamped 6. Badur found the greatest danger where he sought security for being incamped between a River and a Lake and Omaum before him the resort of Provisions was quite cut off so that in few days they suffered extreme Famine and such as went out to seek Relief fell into the Hands of the Enemy as did Coraçam Cham with two thousand Horse 7. This so disheartened Badur that he stole away and his Camp was plundered by the Mogols who found there vast Riches Badur with all speed fled towards Mandou accompanied by Rume Cham and some Portugueses being left by many persons of Note and particularly Melique Liaz for the murder of his two Brothers In fine very little of that mighty Army escaped the Sword or Famine and what did was dispersed and disarmed Badur got into Mandou having slipped ten thousand Mogols who thought to prevent his reaching that place 8. Badur fortified this City and gave the chief Command to Rume C ham his Favourite Omaum hearing of it lengthened his Marches to come upon him Rume Cham now fearful of his Master deserts to Omaum Rume's Wife Daughter and Riches were at Champanel Badur and Rume strove who should first secure Champanel the former having there one tho the least of his three Treasures which only in Copper-Mony was worth thirty Millions besides Pearls Precious Stones and other things of value with this Treasure he sent Rume's Family and Riches under a strong Guard to Diu whilst he himself hearing the approach of Omaum wasted the Country and destroyed the Artillery lest it should fall into the Enemies Hands The same he did at Cambayaâ—… Rume C ham seeing his Wife and Riches were carried away obtained of his new Master five thousand Horse to follow them As he entered one Gate of Cambaya Badur was going out at another who seeing himself so close pursued by Rume left his Women and Riches by the way that they might put a stop to his pursuit So it fell out for Rume Cham returned to Champanel and Badur got to Diu whilst Omaum was at Champanel dividing his Kingdom and conquering that impregnable place with Liberality 9. Champanel was impregnable by Art and Nature and the Mogols not used to spend time even in easie Sieges but Tyrants have nothing secure so these Rocks which might have been a secure Retreat to him turned against Badur This mountain is thirty Leagues from the Sea and yet visible thither the ascent of it being almost five Leagues Where Nature left any passage Art supplyed it with strong Walls The City stands on the side of it has sightly Buildings twenty thousand Families and a great Trade The City it self is not walled but there are many places upon the Mountain well fortified strongly garrisoned and stored with Cannon Somewhat higher is the Royal Palace wonderful for Structure and Greatness and on the top a Fort can terrifie the most daring Here Badur found no security for Tyrants can meet none in the World and think themselves between Sheets when they are between the strongest Walls and when between the finest Sheets they imagine they lie upon Thorns 10. These Misfortunes were the Motives that induced Badur to consent to our raising the Fort at Diu. Before to secure our Friendship against the Mogol he had surrendered Baçaim to Nuno de Cuna and now in hopes of our assistance to recover what was lost he offered Diu. Badur sent to dispose Martin Alphonso de Sousa who was at Chaul and he urged the necessity of raising the Fort giving advice hereof to Nuno and desiring leave to go treat about this important Affair Cuna refused him leave jealous that any but himself should compass a matter so much desired by his Prince and sent his own Secretary Embassador to Badur 11. Still Badur struggled with his Pride and thought to get assistance from the Turk to recover his Kingdom To this effect he sent Saf Cham Embassador with a rich Present but hearing the Mogol had taken Champanel utterly despaired He resolved to fly to Meca and there wait the Turks Answer but his Mother and Friends dissuaded him advising to grant leave to the Portugueses to raise the Fort at Diu and by their assistance his Fortune might be bettered Instantly he sent to offer it to Martin Alphonso at Chaul whither also came a Message from the Mogol with the same Offer 12. Martin Alfonso having sent advice to the Governor asked not a second time for leave but set out immediately for Diu as Badur desired At Sea he met the Secretary Simon Ferryra and both arrived at Diu on the twenty first of September They soon came to an agreement upon these Articles That Badur confirmed all that had been done relating to Baçaim that something which concerned Trade should be transferred thence to Diu that there should be a League offensive and defensive between the King of Portugal and him that the Fort should be raised where and in what manner the Governor should
Provisions to the Fort. Now comes our Squadron commanded by D. Luis de Gama Brother to the Viceroy both unfortunate the one in choosing the other in being chose 6. D. Luis his Squadron consisted of 4 Galleys and 35 smaller Vessels 10 more brought by private Gentlemen at their own charge three full of Men and Ammunition sent by the City of Cochim Besides there were two large Barques with heavy Cannon to batter the Fort. 7. The King of Cochim fearing that great Power that was falling upon Cunnale might be his Ruin by entirely uniting Zamori and the Portugueses gave out That Zamori had agreed with Cunnale to cut off all our Men at one stroke when they should be deepest ingaged in the Assault D. F. Alexius de Meneses Archbishop of Goa who was there on his way to the Mountains of St. Thomas at first was fearful imagining this might be a faithful Discovery but considering better perceived it was the Politick Product of the King's Jealousie answered the King modestly diverting him from any other designs seeing this fail He assured the City their Ships might safely set sail yet sent Advice to proceed with Caution All our Fleet now joyned they found Cunnale had added to the former Works a Line of Galiots on the edge of the Water under the Fort imagining he might be attacked that way 8. It was resolved in Council to enter the River and draw up the Ships in a Line with their Stems to the Shore that they might cover the Men who attacked the Fort. This Resolution was sent to Goa and approved of by the Viceroy who ordered his Brother to put it in execution He over-perswaded by some Gentlemen that sought his Disgrace disobeyed and carried the 〈◊〉 by thâ—… side of Ariole believing the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 might be fatal and his 〈◊〉 lay 〈◊〉 not â—…g it 9. Zamori who was battering the Town desired some Portugueses might be sent him D. Luis being suspicious of him deâ—…ed Hostagâ—…s which were presently sent being 6 principal Men and among them the Princes of 〈◊〉 Chale 〈◊〉 and the chief Judge of his Kingdom The 〈◊〉 taken 300 Portugueses were sent to him under the command of Belchior Ferreyra On the 3d of May at night our Men began to land Luis de Silva led the van with 600 Men and among them the Major D. Antony de Leyvâ—… The Sign for both Armies to fall on was a burning Lance. Before this was lighted there appeared one in the Air which running along swiftly at last vaâ—…ed in Sparks 10. The Besieged took this for a good Omen as the Besiegers for a bad Belchior Caâ—…aca who was to give the Sign with the Lance mistaking the hour gave it too soon and all began to be in confusion For Ferreyra who was in Zamori's Army waiting the Signal as soon as he saw the Flame fell on with his Portugueses and 5000 Nayres and assaulting the Works lost at the first onset 28 Men. 11. But Luis de Silva though he was ready seeing it was not past midnight stirred not then which proved of ill consequence to the others the Enemy not being diverted on this side Towards morning he passed the Creek of Balyçupe in 60 Almadies or Boats with 500 Men. Benedict Correa was the first that Landed and was killed Luis de Silva as soon as ashore was slain by a Musket Shot The Ensign Antony Dias concealed his Death by stripping the Colours off the Staff and covering him therewith 12. Thus they landed without Colours or Commander D. Francis Pereyra who succeeded D. Luis in the Command followed him also in Death The next was the famous Major Leyva and he seeing all lost chose rather to die than stain his Honour by flight and having performed incredible Feats was slain with many other Gentlemen that stuck by him 13. F. Francis Baptista a Capuchin who encouraged the Men holding up a Crucifix till it was shot to pieces after moistening it with Tears bathed it with his Blood being killed with it in his Arms. So Luis Cardoso who getting from under a Vessel that overset upon the Keel defended his Companions that were swimming from the Moors 14. Whilst those mentioned and many other Gentlemen died honourably performing Actions beyond all belief about 150 shamefully fled many of them meeting Death where they sought an Inglorious Life no Perswasions being of force to bring them back Doubtless these were some condemned Malefactors who were pardon'd on account to serve in this Expedition for none are greater Cowards than infamous wicked Men. Our Commander in chief who had left the Fleet to D. Vasco and had posted himself on the other side the River opposite to the Fort running into the Water up to the Waste spent himself calling upon and incouraging the Men but could send no Relief for want of Boats So this proved the greatest Disgrace the Portugueses received in Asia next to that of Ruy Gonzales de Camera at Ormuz Three hundred Men were lost the greatest part drowned the others piercing up to the Fort had burnt the Mosque and part of the Town and killed 500 Moors and Malabars well revenging their Deaths Among the Enemies Dead there was above 40 of Note 15. The Commander in chief D. Luis resolved to retire to Cochim and leave somebody to guard the entrance of the River but no body would accept of that Post except D. Francis de Sousa who perceiving some of his Men intended to forsake him and swim away ordered a Boat to be brought to the side of the Galley for them and said He would keep none by force nor have them go away with danger This made them ashamed and they all stayed and he more by Policy than Force hindred the Vessels resorting with Provision to the Fort. D. Francis perswaded Zamori to assault the Town believing the late Slaughter had so weakened the Defendants it might be easily carried and he desiring to have all the Booty he supposed was within to himself gave the assault with 20000 Men but was repulsed 16. This bad News being carried to Goa Orders were sent to D. Luis for him to â—…eturn to Cunnale and there settle a Peace with Zamori to his content that he might not raise the Siege that Winter but lie till our Fleet could return the beginning of Summer and take the Town He returned and D. Ferdinand de Noronna went to swear the Peace to the liking of Zamori The first Article was That he should permit the Faith to be preached in his Kingdom and Churches erected The Peace concluded the same D. Ferdinand was left there with 12 Ships 17. D. Luis de Gama returning to Goa refreshed the ill-will all Men bore him and his Brother because he was going to be Commander of Ormuz which they looked upon as a Reward of his ill Success whereas it was the King's Grant before he came from Portugal whereof he could not be deprived without being found guilty of some Misdemeanour To fix
provoked them by Signs and set up a Challenge on the City Gates but seeing they did not stir sailed away Not far from Damam he discovers three English Ships and coming up with them found they were strong and carried two Tire of Guns They fought three days at last the Enemy made away 5. There were great Tumults at Macao the Inhabitants of that City forcing their Commander D. Francis Mascarennas to shut himself up in the Fort but being defeated were pardoned by him The Chineses growing jealous on account of the Wall built by him it was found absolutely necessary to throw down part of it 6. The Patriarch D. Alfonso Mendez now set out from Diu for Ethiopia with 6 Fathers and other Retinue in 3 Vessels He landed at Bailur a Town subject to a little King and travelled over the Field called of Salt because that is found there which passes in stead of Money being like small Bars Next is the Mountain where is another sort of reddish Salt good against some Diseases Travelling by night by reason of the heat of the day they saw an Exhalation so bright it enlightned all the Country about This was held as a good Omen At Fremona they understood the same Light had been seen there They travelled with greater labour to the Court and were received with great joy by the Emperor who soon after acknowledged the Pope's Supremacy but this Happiness was not lasting as shall appear hereafter 7. About this same time was discovered the famous Kingdom of Tibet extending to the Springs of Ganges The Natives are well inclined and docible zealous of their Salvation and value Things of Devotion given them by their Priests called Lama's who profess Poverty and Chastity and are much given to Prayer They have strange Customs and Ceremonies Churches like the most Curious of ours and some knowledge of the Christian Religion but mixed with many Errors they abhor the Mahometans and Gentiles It plainly appears that in former Ages they had the true Light of the Gospel They are easie to be converted The Country produces some Fruit like that of Europe Rice and Wheat and breeds Cattle but there is much barren It is fit to say somewhat of their Religion and Lama's Their Habit is a Red Cassock without Sleeves for the Arms are naked it is girt with a piece of Cloth of the same colour the ends whereof hang down to the Feet on their Shoulders a striped Cloth which they say is the Habit of the Son of God at their Waste hangs a little Bottle of Water They keep two Fasts in the greatest they eat but once a day and speak not a word necessary Affairs are expressed by Signs In the second it is allowed to eat as often as every one pleases but Flesh only once They call to Prayers with Trumpets some made with dead Men's Bones the Skulls serve to drink out of Of other Bones Beads are made which they say is to put them in mind of Death The Churches are opened only twice a Year those who resort to them walk round three times then enter and do Reverence to the Images Among which are some of Angels called by them Lat. The greatest is he that intercedes before God for the Souls It being painted Armed with the Devil under its Feet make it supposed to be St. Michael It is not unworthy consideration that Lamas the Name of their Priests begins with La which signifies an Angel The young Lama's go about the Towns dancing regular and modestly with Crowns Bells and other noisy Instruments They say it is in imitation of the Angels as they are painted among us singing in Choirs The beginning of every month they make a Procession with black Flags Figures of Devils Drums and Musick and believe this chases the Evil Spirits Holy Water is made with many Prayers and putting into it Gold Coral and Rice and is used against Devils that haunt Houses The Country People bring to the Towns black Horses Cows and Sheep over which the Lama's say many Prayers saying the Devils endeavour to get into black Cattle They cure the Sick by blowing on the Part afflicted Three sorts of Funerals are used according to the Star rules the time of Death One is after our manner and there are Tombs adorned with gilded Pyramids Another is burning the Body and of the Ashes mixed with Clay they make Images by which they swear Another is casting the Bodies to certain white Birds like Cranes and this is reckoned the happiest Burial These three Forms are used with such as are esteemed to have lived well for others being cut in pieces are thrown to Dogs They believe the Good dying go directly to Heaven the Bad to Hell but such as are indifferent between both their Souls instantly return into noble or base Creatures according to their deserts They advise Fathers to give their Children the Names of filthy Beasts that the Devil may be loth to meddle with them They use Divination after a ridiculous manner In fine they acknowledge One God in Trinity that his Son becoming Man died and is in Heaven that he is God as well as his Father and Man at the same time that his Mother was a Woman and gone to Heaven that from the Death of the Son till that time were about 1600 Years They know there is a Hell in the same manner as we do They burn Lamps that God may light them in the way of the other World 8. F. Anthony de Andrade and Andrew Marquez both Jesuits set out for this Kingdom from Delhi in the Mogol's Country with a Caravan that conducted Pilgrims to a famous Pagod They passed the Kingdom of Laor and came to the vast Mountains whence the Ganges falls into the deep Valleys On the way they saw many stately Temples full of Idols The great Fatigue lessened the pleasure of seeing the variety of beautiful Trees and smelling those odoriferous Flowers on the scent whereof the Ancients said those People lived At the Kingdom of Siranagar they saw the Ganges running over Snow the whiteness whereof almost blinds such as travel that way 9. At the end of 50 Days they came to the Pagod on the Borders of the Kingdom of Siranagar whither Multitudes resort to wash in a Spring so hot it is scarce tolerable which they imagine cleanses them from Sin There Food here is raw Flesh and are very healthy eating much Snow The Women there do what is the Work of Men among us and the contrary the Women Plow and the Men Spin. Hence the Fathers came to the Town of Mana and having rested continued their Journey almost blind with the continual travelling among Snow till they saw the Springs of Ganges which runs out of a great Lake Soon after they entred the Kingdom of Tibet and were honourably received by Officers sent to that purpose from the King's Court at Chaparague The King and Queen heard them with much Satisfaction and admitted their Doctrine without any
dispute 10. The time being come they must return to Siranagar the King would not permit them to depart till they swore they would return and then he promised they should have liberty to Preach and he would build them a Church being much pleased with a Picture they left him of our Lady with our Saviour sleeping in her Arms. The Fathers returned acccording to promise and the King in pursuance of his built the Church with great joy and was afterwards Baptized with the Queen notwithstanding the Lama's for their private Ends did all they could to oppose it The Fathers understood by Merchants who came from China that it was 60 Days Journey distant from that Court travelling through the Kingdom of Usanguâ—… 40 Days Journey from the same Court and thence 20 to China That there were two great Kingdoms where the Cross was much used That Cathay is not a Kingdom but a great City and Metropolis of a Province subject to the Grand Sopo very near China Hence perhaps some gave China the name of Cathay Perhaps this Empire of Tibet is that of Prester Iohn so much spoken of and not Ethiopia as was believed But let us return to India 11. In April 4. Malabar Parao's took a Portugues Ship carrying the Men into slavery under Arcolo a King of the Country opposite to the Place where the famous Fort of Cunnale once stood Among the Prisoners were two Franciscans one whereof proved so acceptable to the King that he was the cause of settling a firm Peace between him and the Viceroy 12. Two Ships arrived from Lisbon which returning home the next Year were lost with the whole Portugues Fleet upon the Coast of France in a terrible Storm and was the greatest Loss Portugal sustained since the time of King Sebastian 13. There being nothing remarkable this Year in India let us see what the Carmelites did in Persia where they got footing in the Year 1604. They soon erected several Convents and confirmed the Armenians who were in danger of falling from the Faith terrified with the Persecution raised by the King of Persia. F. Basil of St. Francis was very successful among those called of Saint Iohn about Bassora In the short space of six Months he Preached in the difficult Persian Arabian and Turkish Languages as if he had part of the gift of Languages peculiar to the Apostles and gained such Reputation that many neighbouring Princes permitted him to Preach and build Churches in their Dominions 14. F. Iohn Thadeus and F. Peter of Saint Thomas went to the City Xiras being sent for by the Sultan thereof where they converted some Mahometans others gave them their Doubts in Writing to be sent to Rome assuring if they were satisfied in those Points there would be no need of Preaching to convert them Veâ—…taviet Moses an Armenian Bishop acknowledged his Error in denying the Supremacy of the Church of Rome and promised to perswade all her Diocess to acknowledge it In fine these Fathers have laboured with great Profit and Success 15. Three Ships sailed this Year from Lisbon to India one of them at his return on this side the Cape Good Hope fought twice with three Dutch Ships and came off with Honour 16. Nunno Alvarez Botello sailing with his Galleons for Mascate there arose such a terrible Storm that it parted all his Company from him and he had much difficulty to perswade his Men in despair to work The Tempest ceasing their Provisions fell snort there was but one Pipe of Water for 500 Men and no Land near where they might be supplied Some died with Thirst others running mad leaped over-board After a Fortnight spent in this miserable Condition they discovered the Land of Rozalgatâ—… always fatal to the Portugueses The Men cried to go ashore but Nunno with fair words and kindness disswaded them and coming to Teve they were relieved without danger 17. Off Surat Nunno discovered six Dutch Ships he gave them câ—…ace but lost them He sailed to Bombaim to refit a Galleon and thence to the Bar of Diu. An English and Dutch Squadron both consisting of 17 Sail sailed to Bombaim thinking to find him there They battered the Fort and mâ—…ting no Opposition burnt the poor Towns along the Coast. A Dutch Captain entring the Church of Our Lady of Hope with his Sword cut to pieces a great Crucifix and burnt part of it He had soon after the Reward of this Barbarity his Ship being burnt by Ruy Freyre and he with all the Men slain Nunno hearing of this Action begged the Crucifix of the Rector vowing to carry it always with him till he had revenged the Wrong or died in the Execution of it So it fell out as will be seen hereafter 18. The King of Achem fitted out a Fleet of 35 Galleys against Malaca D. Francis Coutinno with 16. Sail burnt 34 of them killing or taking 3000 Men and bringing off 800 pieces of Cannon 19. On the 17th of Iune 4 Dutch Ships came before the Port of Macao designing to fall upon the Fleet was ready to sail for Iapan The King's Revenue being low our Commander could act nothing against them some rich Men undertook it in Merchant Ships They fitted out five and boarding the Enemy's Admiral burnt her killing 37 Men taking 50 24 pieces of Cannon a quantity of Ball some Money and much Provisions The other 3 fled 20. Ferdinand de Sousa commanded at Angola and after defending it against two Dutch Squadrons fortified the Coast the space of half a League raising 4 Works planted with Cannon and cast up a Trench at the Bar of Corimba which secured it against any attempt Zinga Queen of Angola went with a great Power to Besiege the Garrison of Ambaça but Iohn Carreyro sending a Company of Portugueses to assist that Lord who was our Friend the Queen was defeated A Body of Men marching to her aid was met by nine Portugueses with a number of Blacks who fled at first sight the nine Portugueses fought till their Pouder was spent and two being killed the other seven were taken which was no small Satisfaction to the Queen and many of the Blacks who before were our Friends hereupon became Neuters 21. Soon after the Queen was defeated and deposed and her Brother Airiquibange Crowned King being become a Christian as did many Persons of Note by his means At Congo the City Salvador was taken by the Prince of Sunne who killing the King placed in his stead D. Ambrose of the same Blood Royal. He proved a wise and religious Prince 22. The beginning of this Year went from Portugal for India but one Ship and a Pink. The latter as it return'd was burnt by the Dutch and the Men made Prisoners But in November 3 Ships more set sail The Viceroy returned to Portugal in the first Ship having resigned the Government to D. F. Luis de Brito Bishop of Cochim by reason D. Francis Mascarennas appointed to succeed him was gone to Spain The Count this second